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One of them (1) was performed in 2013, to evaluate the efficacy and
safety of topical anesthetic agents for patients with PD. The main
evaluated result was the TLEI. We included 8 randomized clinical
trials (RCTs). The results showed that the IELT in the topical
anesthetic agent group improved significantly compared to the placebo
group [mean difference (DM) 5.82 minutes, 95% confidence interval
(CI) from 3.50 to 8.14 , p <0.00001). According to the analysis of
subgroups, a significant improvement was obtained in the domains of
ejaculatory control, sexual satisfaction and anguish in the
questionnaire Premature Ejaculation Index (MD of 4.53, 95% CI of
3.05 to 6.01 ; P <0.00001). Regarding the adverse effects, the result of
the combination showed that the overall incidence of adverse events
was significantly higher in the group of topical anesthetics than in the
placebo group, relative risk of 4.28; 95% CI 1.63-11.24, P = 0.003).
However, almost all adverse events were mild and transient.
The other (2) updated the search in August 2014 and included nine
RCTs. Of seven of them it was not possible to ensure the
methodological quality. For most RCTs, the follow-up time was 4
weeks. The pooled evidence (two RCTs, 43 participants) suggested that
cream with lidocaine and procaine mix was significantly more effective
than placebo in increasing ILEI (P <0.00001). Individual evidence
from RCTs also suggested that lidocaine / procaine spray and lidocaine
gel were significantly more effective than placebo (p = 0.003, p
<0.00001); and that lidocaine gel was significantly more effective than
sildenafil or paroxetine (P = 0.01; P = 0.0001). The conclusion was that
topical anesthetics appeared to be more effective than placebo,
paroxetine and sildenafil in increasing the IELT in men with PE.
However, these findings should be interpreted with caution, given the
limited methodological quality of the available evidence.
Two other systematic reviews, global on pharmacological interventions
in patients with PD, obtained similar results:
One published in 2015 (3) included a total of 103 studies. The TLEI
improved with local anesthetics, both in cream and in spray in relation
to the placebo (DM of 6.44 minutes, 95% CI of 6.01 to 6.87 minutes
and 3.30 minutes 95% CI of 1, 33 to 5.27 minutes, for both p <0.00001).
Adverse events included loss of sensitivity and irritation (men and
women) and loss of erection with applications ≥ 20 minutes.
The other published in 2016 (4) included 22 RCTs, and four of them
with significant biases, evaluated topical anesthetics and placebo.
Topical anesthetics showed a higher IELT relative to placebo (DM of
4.44 min, 95% CI of 1.85 to 7.04). Heterogeneity was very important
and could be explained by different inclusion criteria, doses, active
ingredients, and follow-up time.
After the publication date of the systematic reviews, we found only one
randomized clinical trial (5) that included 78 men with stable
heterosexual and monogamous relationships (≥3 months) who were
diagnosed with PD. The patients were divided into three groups. G1:
25 patients who received lidocaine aerosol 10 g / 100 ml at 5 minutes
before intercourse; G2: 27 patients who received 5 mg of tadalafil once
a day; G3: 26 patients who treated with tadalafil once a day plus
lidocaine spray before planned sexual activity. The treatments were
continued for three months in all groups. The TLEI at 3 months of
follow-up was in the G1 of 3.7 minutes ± 1.3; in G2 of 3.4; ± 1.5 and in
G3 of 5.6 ± 1.7 (p <0.001). None of the patients left the study due to
adverse effects. The authors concluded that tadalafil used daily had a
role in the treatment in PD. Its effect increased with the synergistic
action of the lidocaine spray, significantly increasing the TLEI. On the
presentation of lidocaine / procaine spray a narrative review published
in 2017 (6) summarized the findings of three RCTs in which it was
compared with placebo; without locating any trial in which it was
assessed with an active treatment. The trials were financed by the
company that manufactures the product, with clear conflicts of interest
of the authors and with serious methodological problems. Altogether
they showed an effect superior to placebo when measuring the TLEI.
As it is considerably more expensive than the lidocaine / prilocaine
cream, the authors of the review do not recommend the spray as a first
line treatment. From the evidence summaries of Uptodate (7) and
Dynamed plus (8) we highlight that: Treatment should be based on the
patient's preference after assessing the risks and benefits of each
option. The participation of the patient's partner should be considered
when deciding the appropriate treatment for PD; and assess treating
the comorbidities that can potentially contribute to PE first. Treatment
will depend on the etiology, but the pillars of the therapy include
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), topical anesthetics and
psychotherapy when psychogenic factors exist and / or of relationship.
SSRIs suggest first-line pharmacological therapy and clomipramine as
second-line therapy for men with PE. Topical anesthetics are more
effective than placebo in the TLEI outcome variable. They are usually
well tolerated by patients and their partners; and it is an alternative to
treatment with SSRIs. The revised clinical practice guidelines (9,10)
recommend SSRIs as the first choice in the pharmacological treatment
of PD. They claim that the use of lidocaine / procaine as a cream, gel or
spray is moderately effective in delaying ejaculation [Level of evidence
1a] (9) * and that it may be a viable alternative to treatment with SSRI
[Evidence 1b] (10) * * See classification of levels of evidence in the full
text of the guide.
References (10):
-9. Althof SE, McMahon CG, Waldinger MD, Serefoglu EC, Shindel
AW, Adaikan PG, Becher E, Dean J, Giuliano F, Hellstrom WJ,
Giraldi A, Glina S, Incrocci L, Jannini E, McCabe M, Parish S,
Rowland D, Segraves RT, Sharlip I, LO Towers. An update of the
International Society of Sexual Medicine's guidelines for the diagnosis
and treatment of premature ejaculation (PE). J Sex Med. 2014 Jun; 11
(6): 1392-422. [Abstract] [Full text] [Inquiry: 04/09/2018]
-10. Hatzimouratidis K, et al. EAU Guidelines on Erectile Dysfunction,
Premature Ejaculation, Penile Curvature and Priapism.European
Association of Urology 2016. [Full text] [Query: 04/09/2018]