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MII - El Modelo Delta PDF
MII - El Modelo Delta PDF
La Necesidad De Un Cambio En La
Orientacin Estratgica
Formulacin de la Estrategia
Definicin el posicionamiento estratgico
Definir y ejecutar las tareas de gestin
Fuente: Arnoldo C. Hax & Dean L. Wilde; The Delta Project, 2001
Infraestructura de la Firma
Adquisiciones
Logstica
Actividades Operaci Logstica Marketing Servicio
de Margen
Primarias ones de Salida y Ventas
Entrada
Amplio
economas de escala, simplificacin de Liderazgo
Diferenciacin
los productos y participacin de en Costos
mercado que permitan aprovechar la
experiencia y los efectos del
Reducido
aprendizaje.
Foco en Foco en
Diferenciacin se obtiene creando un Costo Diferenciacin
producto que el cliente percibe como
nico y altamente valioso, por lo que
est dispuesto a pagar un premium
Competencia basada en
economas de sistemas:
Consolidacin del Sistema
(System Lock-in) Lock-in (enganche) de empresas
complementarias, Lock-out
(exclusin) de competidores,
Propiedad de estndares
Actor: Complementors
Fuente: Arnoldo C. Hax & Dean L. Wilde; The Delta Project, 2001
Increasing Value
Complementors
Distributors/
Suppliers Positive
Feedback
Product
Lock-in
Product Product Product
First mover advantage Customer learning Distribution shelf space Develop network of third
Features Customized product Brands party complementors to
enhance products appeal
Service Collateral assets Relentless innovations
Leverage position as
Price Brands Patents
market share leader in
Pricing structure attracting complementors
Customers seek product
with most complementors
Sometimes customers
can be the complementor,
as with exchanges
Source: Arnoldo C. Hax & Dean L. Wilde; The Delta Project, 2001
Product
Los clientes son atrados a un producto por que este excede
Customers las caractersticas que buscaban
Lock-in
Los clientes son atrados inicialmente debido a los atributos del
Product
producto, pero luego son retenidos por un conjunto de externalidades
que se crean con el uso del producto.
Customers
Los costos de cambio no son infinitos pero hay barreras al cambio que
van mucho ms all del producto mismo.
Distributors/ La firma busca crear barreras significativas para los competidores que
Suppliers
tratan de ingresar al negocio.
Product
Cuatro fuerzas pueden contribuir al lock-out de competidores:
Customers
Restricciones de los canales de distribucin: canales fsicos con
restricciones para manaejar mltiples marcas; restricciones de
marcas competidoras; restricciones econmicas (ej. retail la
marca con mayor rotacin y contribucin por m2)
Marcas: en ambientes restringidos la marca puede crear una
demanda del producto de marca que fuerza al retail a disponer de
ese producto en perjuicio de otro competitivo. Esto acenta la
demanda por el producto al ser este ms visible (un circulo
virtuoso que produce un lock-out)
Innovaciones Restringidas: Acceso a banda ancha limitados;
Aparatos inalmbricos compactos (un pequeo activo
inmobiliario); slots e instalacin para chips en aparatos
electrnicos limitados a unas pocas marcas conocidas.
Patentes
Product
Feedback
No siempre es posible desarrollar un estndar en todo segmento de
mercado
Customers Si el estndar es desarrollado, es probable que ste no sea
apropiable por una sola empresa
No todas las empresas tiene las capacidades de obtener una
propiedad de estndares
Criterios para crear una propiedad de estndares:
1. Debe estar basado en una plataforma abierta a las empresas
complementarias (requiere un nmero importante de
complementors)
2. Debe haber un lock-in entre el estndar y el producto de la empresas
complementarias (puede ser el resultado de interfaces complejas o
nodos de intercambio)
3. Debe ser propietario de manera de que sea posible apropiarse de las
rentas econmicas del sistema
La habilidad de crear propiedad de estndares muchas veces est
asociada con las transformaciones de una industria.
Competencia basada en
economas de sistemas:
Lock-in (enganche) de empresas
Consolidacin del complementarias, Lock-out
Sistema (exclusin) de competidores,
(System Lock-in) Propiedad de estndares
Actor: Complementors
Mercado Dominante
Estndar Propietario
Accesos Restringidos
Customers Customers
Fuente: Arnoldo C. Hax & Dean L. Wilde; The Delta Project, 2001
Solucin Mejor
Integral Producto
al Cliente
Fuente: Arnoldo C. Hax & Dean L. Wilde; The Delta Project, 2001
Fuente: Arnoldo C. Hax & Dean L. Wilde; The Delta Project, 2001
Consolidacin
del Sistema
Amplitud Horizontal
WalMart, Home Depot, Schwab, MCI
WroldCom, Amazon, Yahoo!
Relationship Business Global, Enterprise, and Large Corporate Account customers all had dedicated account teams
that included program managers and technical support, as well as sales personnel.
Global Relationship Relationship customers thought of computer purchasing as a multi-dimensional process,
regardless the size of the order.
Enterprise (>18.000
employees) Relationship The information sources they depended upon in making decisions included industry analysts,
conferences, trials and testing, and referrals from other large customers.
Large Corporate Accounts
(3.500-18.000 employees) Relationship In this business you are only as good as your last customer relationship.
On the relationship side, especially in the global and enterprise accounts, execution is
Federal Government Mixed exceptionally important.
Education Mixed In the case of Relationship buyers, payment was usually effected through corporate purchase
orders or lease agreements, resulting in a longer payment cycle than Dell achieved in its
State & Local Government Mixed transactional business, which was mostly credit-card based.
Like the education and government segments, both PAD and BSD supported their customers
Small and Medium Business with a hybrid relationship / transactional model.
Dell had nearly 25,000 PAD customers and 1 million BSD customers.
Preferred Account Division Both the PAD and BSD groups had created and impressive customer relationship management
(400-3.500 employees) Relationship system that included custom premier pages for all relationship customers, and a detailed
customer profile with buying criteria, service needs, competitive presence, and sales history.
Based on the status of the account and its purchasing potential, the phone sales account rep
Business Systems Division could schedule an onsite visit with one of the divisions field sales reps.
(2-400 employees) Mixed Dell used direct mail and catalog mailings to make the phone ring, though about half of the
orders to the group came through the online channel.
Dell marketed to consumers by highlighting overall product performance, specifications,
Consumer Business features, bundles, reviews, and awards.
On the transactional side of the business, you need to acquire the customer every time they
buy a system; the only difference is that theyre much more educated the second time than the
first.
Consumers were given the option of paying for their purchase using a credit card or being
Transactional charged in full on delivery. Average sale to cash is converted in less than 24 hours by tapping
credit cards and electronic payment. By comparison, Compaq, which sold primarily through
dealers, took 35 days and Gateway, 16.4 days.
Auctions 3-99
High investment in
IT
Electronics Distribution Centers
Toys
Un MALL?
Fuente: Arnoldo C. Hax & Dean L. Wilde; The Delta Project, 2001
Solucin Mejor
Integral Producto
al Cliente
Fuente: Arnoldo C. Hax & Dean L. Wilde; The Delta Project, 2001
Complementors
Fuente: Arnoldo C. Hax & Dean L. Wilde; The Delta Project, 2001
Fuente: Arnoldo C. Hax & Dean L. Wilde; The Delta Project, 2001
Fuente: Arnoldo C. Hax & Dean L. Wilde; The Delta Project, 2001
Fuente: Arnoldo C. Hax & Dean L. Wilde; The Delta Project, 2001
Fuente: Arnoldo C. Hax & Dean L. Wilde; The Delta Project, 2001
Pginas Amarillas
E-bay
Tarjetas de Crdito
Fuente: Arnoldo C. Hax & Dean L. Wilde; The Delta Project, 2001
Fuente: Arnoldo C. Hax & Dean L. Wilde; The Delta Project, 2001
Source: Arnoldo C. Hax & Dean L. Wilde; The Delta Project, 2001
Source: Arnoldo C. Hax & Dean L. Wilde; The Delta Project, 2001
Las bebidas cola tienen una alta rotacin, lo que crea un lock-in
natural con los distribuidores. El consumidor fina tambin es una
parte crtica de este bonding.
Coca-Cola sigue una estrategia explcita de Acceptability,
Affordability & Accessibility (AAA) que ha guiado sus acciones.
Los clientes buscan Coca-Cola por marca y disponibilidad en el
retail El reatil alacena altos volumenes de Coca-Cola debido a la
demanda de clientes y alta rotacin.
Esto crea un circulo virtuoso: demanda ms espacio de gndola
alta rotacin ms rentabilidad en retail ms espacio de
gndola ms demanda ms rotacin
En las palabras de Roberto Goizueta, CEO que lider Coca-Cola en
su poca de crecimiento fenomenal:
"People always ask me, what is your strategy growth? I always say it's simple. Each day
we must make Coca-Cola more acceptable, more available, more affordable, to more
people in more situations than the day before. Put another way, success largely depends
on our ability to make it impossible for the customer to escape from Coca-Cola
Source: Arnoldo C. Hax & Dean L. Wilde; The Delta Project, 2001