Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Fundamentos y Aplicaciones
Alejandro Cifuentes
Laboratory of Foodomics, IFI, CSIC
Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid
acifuentes@ifi.csic.es
if
i
Instituto de
Fermentaciones
Industriales
Barcelona, 2010
Objetivos
1.- Presentar los fundamentos
de Foodomics.
2.- Demostrar su potencial a travs de
diferentes aplicaciones.
Foodomics
Nuestro grupo ha definido por primera vez en una revista SCI
Foodomics como: una nueva disciplina que empleando tcnicas
micas investiga los alimentos, incuyendo sus mltiples conexiones
con la nutricin y la salud
(A. Cifuentes, J. Chromatogr. A 1216 (2009) 7109).
MEJORAR EL BIENESTAR
Y LA CONFIANZA
DE LOS CONSUMIDORES Y
ASEGURAR EL CUMPLIMIENTO
DE LA LEGISLACIN
Bioinformatics
Toxicity assays
In-vitro assays
In-vivo assays
Clinical trials
Food quality
To improve consumers
well-being and confidence
fulfilling legislation
Epidemiological
Food safety
studies
Nutrigenomics
Nutrigenetics
Development of:
Nutraceuticals
Functional foods
GM foods
New foods
GM foods monitoring
Bioinformatics
Toxicity assays
In-vitro assays
In-vivo assays
Clinical trials
Macronutrientes:
Protenas
Composicin en amino cidos
Funcionalidad, e.g. amasado del pan
Carbohidratos
Composicin de almidn, inulina, monosacridos
Aceites vegetales
Mayor contenido en PUFA (e.g., cido oleico)
Micronutrientes:
Vitaminas, antioxidantes (Golden rice)
Minerales (iron-fortified rice)
Otros:
Alimentos hipoalergnicos
Plantas tolerantes a terrenos secos
Maduracin prolongada
GENOMICS/
TRANSCRIPTOMICS
PROTEOMICS
METABOLOMICS
GMO detection
Traceability
GMO labeling
SYSTEMS BIOLOGY
Gene
expression
Data
Protein Metabolite
expression expression integration
STATISTICS
METABOLITES
PROTEINS
DNA/mRNAs
GMO
GMO biomarkers
Unintended effects
GMO safety
Legal issues
GMO removed
or improved
GENOMICS/
TRANSCRIPTOMICS
PROTEOMICS
METABOLOMICS
GMO detection
Traceability
GMO labeling
SYSTEMS BIOLOGY
Gene
expression
GMO
CGE-LIF
Data
Protein Metabolite
expression expression integration
STATISTICS
METABOLITES
PROTEINS
DNA/mRNAs
CE-MS
CE-MS
GMO biomarkers
Unintended effects
GMO safety
Legal issues
GMO removed
or improved
Target 3
II. Ligation of targets
(Circularization)
Target 1
Target 2
Targets
5
Fwd primer
5
Rev primer
Target 3
Target 2
Target 1
3
Target 2
5
CGE-LIF
Target 1
Target 3
CGE-LIF
Fwd primer
3.5
Rev primer
vector
3.0
2.5
Linearization
&
Enrichment
&
PCR
2.0
RFU
Ligation
1.5
Digested
genomic
DNA
Circular DNA
targets
1.0
0.5
0.0
10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
Minutes
Protein content 40 %
GM soybean
Wild soybean
PEPTIDE
ANALYSIS BY
CE-TOF-MS
ENZYMATIC
HYDROLYSIS
PROTEIN
EXTRACTION
DATA
ANALYSIS
Optimization
required
Intens.
x105
4
3
2
1
0
10
15
20
25
30
(min)
Relative intensity
10
15
20
25
30
Time
(min)
BPE
7.5
Conventional
6.0
4.5
3.0
Transgenic
1.5
0.0
10
15
20
25
Time
(min)
30
175.06122
257.11426
301.03528
515.12475
339.09313
380.99850
276.98773
4
577.13423
477.06693
605.19248
Intens.
x109
4
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600 m/z
-MS
438.23902
GMO
3
2
439.24247
1
0
2500
440.24610
2000
1500
1000
Theoretical compound
C 25H32N 3O 4 "Lunarine
438.23873
439.24213
500
440.24498
0
438.23899
Theoretical compound
C 4H50N6O 6S5
2000
1500
1000
440.23478
500
0
439.24044
438.0
438.5
439.0
439.5
440.0
440.5
m/z
Hexane
Methanol
Water
Although the high resolution and sensitivity provided by FT-MS allows the detection
and identification of an impressive number of compounds, CE-TOF-MS can provide
additional information useful to corroborate (or not) the metabolites identification.
Ensayos in-vitro
Estudios
de
toxicidad
Otro ejemplo:
Alimentos y salud.
Procedimiento clsico
Ensayos
in-vivo
Ensayos clnicos
GENOMICS/
TRANSCRIPTOMICS
PROTEOMICS
METABOLOMICS
SYSTEMS BIOLOGY
Biological
Samples
(plasma,
urine,
CSF,
cell fractions..)
Gene
expression
Data
Protein Metabolite
expression expression integration
Proved effects
and/or
Biomarkers discovery
STATISTICS
METABOLITES
PROTEINS
DNA/mRNAs
Legal issues:
Claims on new
functional foods
approved
Alzheimer
Colon cancer
Leukemia
Clinical trial
Population study
Biological samples:
Urine and Plasma
Biological sample:
Cebrospinal fluid
(CSF)
Biological samples:
DNA, RNA,
proteins and
metabolites
Biological samples:
DNA, RNA,
proteins and
metabolites
In collaboration with
GSF
(Munich, Germany)
La Paz Hospital
(Madrid, Spain)
In collaboration with
Karolinska Institute
(Stockholm, Sweden)
In collaboration with
Univ. Miguel Hernandez, Elche, Spain
University of Granda, Granada, Spain
GENOMICS/
TRANSCRIPTOMICS
PROTEOMICS
METABOLOMICS
SYSTEMS BIOLOGY
Gene
expression
Biological
Samples
Proved effects
and/or
Biomarkers discovery
Data
Protein Metabolite
expression expression integration
STATISTICS
METABOLITES
PROTEINS
DNA/mRNAs
CGE-LIF
Microarrays
RT-PCR
CE-MS
FT-MS
GC-MS
LC-MS
CE-MS
2D-E
LC-MS
Legal issues:
Claims on new
functional foods
approved
METABOLITES
EXTRACTION
METABOLITES
SEPARATION
CE-TOF-MS
ANALYSIS
CSF from M4
Optimization
required
DATA
ANALYSIS
EIE, M4
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
26
25
27
29
28
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
0
CSF pretreatment:
Ultracentrifugation with 3KDa membrane.
Analysis of the fraction < 3 kDa
CE conditions:
Bare silica capillary (87cm, 50 m ID)
BGE, 0.5M formic acid buffer, pH 2
Running voltage +25 kV
Injection at 0.5 psi during 80 s.
MS conditions:
Positive ion mode
Sheath liquid isopropanol-water (1:1 v/v)
Flow rate of 4 L/min
Dry gas flow at 4 L/min
Nebulizer gas flow at 0.4 bar
Temperature 200C
Mass scan: 50-500 m/z
10
15
20
25
Time [min]
M1
M2
0,070
M3
M4
0,060
0,050
min
0,040
Ga
lan
th a
0,030
0,020
0,010
0,000
22
23
37
34
44
25
39
33
19
43
M1
M2
0,200
M3
M4
0,150
0,100
0,050
0,000
30
18
54
35
13
10
38
16
49
14,000
5,000
4,500
M1
12,000
M2
4,000
M3
M4
10,000
3,500
3,000
8,000
2,500
6,000
2,000
1,500
4,000
1,000
2,000
0,500
0,000
0,000
58
46
55
41
48
27
47
14
51
DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS :
Variables with the most significant differences on Anova Table:
27, 33, 13
25
M_2:2
M_3:3
M_4:4
27,000000
1217,24
-584,8
942,11
2688,7
33,000000
11898,91
-20134,2
10224,00
62447,0
13,000000
2204,84
9122,3
990,01
-12458,0
Constant
-923,72
-352,5
-472,94
-1361,3
20
15
10
Percent
M_1:1
M_2:2
M_3:3
M_4:4
M_1:1
100,0000
M_2:2
100,0000
M_3:3
100,0000
M_4:4
100,0000
Total
100,0000
VAR CAN 2
-5
-10
-15
-40
-30
-20
-10
10
20
30
40
50
M1
M2
M3
M4
VAR CAN1
Obesidad
Enfermedad crnica determinada por un exceso de grasa
de forma continuada en el tiempo (IMC>30).
Se han detectado en Obesidad:
26 Variantes allicas (de 23 Genes) relacionadas con:
9 8 Metabolismo de los lpidos.
9 7 Metabolismo energtico.
9 7 Control del apetito.
9 1 Metabolismo de la Glucosa.
9 1 Control de la Presin sangunea.
9 1 Equilibrio Hormonal.
9 1 Procesos Inflamatorios.
Nutrigentica
Estudia la distinta respuesta de los individuos a la dieta en funcin
de sus variaciones especficas en el genoma (hipo-, normo- e hiperrespondedores). Incluye la identificacin y caracterizacin de
variantes genticas que se relacionen con una respuesta diferente a
los componentes de la dieta para los fenotipos de inters.
Su objetivo es generar recomendaciones especficas sobre la mejor
composicin de la dieta para el optimo beneficio de cada individuo.
Se ha denominado tambin:
Nutricin personalizada
o dieta a la carta
Nutrigenmica
La nutrigenmica se centra en el estudio de los mecanismos
moleculares y celulares que explican los efectos de los nutrientes. En
concreto, examina la interaccin entre nutrientes y la expresin
gnica. Tambin se centra en la caracterizacin de nuevas protenas
derivadas de la expresion de dichos genes y de las funciones
fisiolgicas de estas protenas, incluyendo el estudio de metabolitos
derivados de la actividad de dichas protenas.
A
METABOLISM
SIGNAL
TRANSDUCTION
B
GENE
EXPRESSION
NORMAL
mRNA
CELL
GROWTH
Proteins
Metabolites
DNA
transcripcin
Almacenamiento
de la informacin
Genmica
RNA
traduccin
Transferencia de
la informacin
Transcriptmica
Protenas
actividad
Estructura y
funcionalidad
Protemica
Metabolitos
Estructura y
funcionalidad
Metabolmica
GENOMICS/
TRANSCRIPTOMICS
PROTEOMICS
METABOLOMICS
SYSTEMS BIOLOGY
Gene
expression
GMO
Data
Protein Metabolite
expression expression integration
GMO biomarkers
Unintended effects
STATISTICS
METABOLITES
PROTEINS
DNA/mRNAs
GMO safety
Legal issues
GMO removed
or improved
GENOMICS/
TRANSCRIPTOMICS
PROTEOMICS
METABOLOMICS
SYSTEMS BIOLOGY
Biological
Samples
Gene
expression
Data
Protein Metabolite
expression expression integration
Proved effects
and/or
Biomarkers discovery
STATISTICS
METABOLITES
PROTEINS
DNA/mRNAs
CGE-LIF
Microarrays
RT-PCR
2D-E
CE-MS
LC-MS
CE-MS
FT-MS
GC-MS
LC-MS
Legal issues:
Claims on new
functional foods
approved
Genmica
Transcriptmica
Esttico
Protemica
Metabolmica
Dinmico
Genmica
Esttico
Transcriptmica
Protemica
Dinmico
Biologa de sistemas
Metabolmica
Transcriptomic platform
Statistical filter
Proteomic platform
Statistical filter
Metabolomic platform
Systems biology
Gracias!