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Formación reticular (FR). (A) Subdivisiones. (B) Grupos celulares aminérgicos y colinérgicos.
FORMACIÓN RETICULAR
FORMACIÓN RETICULAR
Parte de una sección transversal a través de la porción superior del puente, en la que se muestran
los elementos de la formación reticular.
FORMACIÓN RETICULAR
FUNCIONES:
Control de la función motora.
Control de la sensibilidad somática y visceral.
Control del sistema nervioso visceral.
Centro vasomotor.
Centro respiratorio.
Centro neumotáxico.
Control endocrino.
Ciclo sueño-vigilia.
Sistema Reticular Ascendente(RAS).
VÍA OLFATORIA
VÍA OLFATORIA
VÍA OLFATORIA
Tests of smell.
One nostril is held closed, and a bottle containing a test
substance is held in front of the other. The patient is then asked
to inhale and report any odor perceived. In this subjective test,
odor perception per se is more important than odor recognition.
Odor perception indicates that the peripheral part of the olfactory
tract is intact; odor recognition indicates that the cortical portion
of the olfactory pathway is also intact. More sophisticated tests
may be required in some cases. Because there is bilateral
innervation, unilateral lesions proximal to the anterior
commissure and cortical lesions may not cause anosmia.
VÍA GUSTATIVA
VÍA GUSTATIVA
VÍA GUSTATIVA
Tests of taste.
Taste thresholds on each side of the tongue are tested with the
tongue outstretched. A test solution is applied to the tongue with a
cotton swab for 20 to 30 seconds. The patient is then asked to point
to the corresponding region of a map divided into “sweet”, “sour”,
“salty” and “bitter” zones. The test solutions contain glucose
(sweet), sodium chloride (salty), citric acid (sour), or quinine (bitter).
The mouth is rinsed with water between test solutions. The taste
zones are not organized in a strict topographic pattern.
Electrogustometry
can be used for precise determination of the taste thresholds but it is
time-consuming and requires a high level of concentration on the
part of the patient.