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derecho administrativo, el marco legal dentro del cual se lleva a cabo la administración pública.
Deriva de la necesidad de crear y desarrollar un sistema de administración pública conforme a la
ley, un concepto que puede compararse con la noción mucho más antigua de justicia conforme a
la ley. Dado que la administración implica el ejercicio del poder por parte del brazo ejecutivo del
gobierno, el derecho administrativo es de importancia constitucional y política, así como jurídica.
cubre la organización, poderes, deberes y funciones de las autoridades públicas de todo tipo
dedicadas a la administración; sus relaciones entre sí y con los ciudadanos y organismos no
gubernamentales; métodos legales de control de la administración pública; y los derechos y
responsabilidades de los funcionarios.
ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
administrative law, the legal framework within which public administration is carried out. It
derives from the need to create and develop a system of public administration in accordance with
the law, a concept that can be compared to the much older notion of justice in accordance with
the law. Since administration involves the exercise of power by the executive arm of government,
administrative law is of constitutional and political as well as legal importance.
covers the organization, powers, duties and functions of all types of public authorities engaged in
administration; their relationships with each other and with citizens and non-governmental
organizations; legal methods of control of public administration; and the rights and responsibilities
of officials.
The organization of a national legislature, the structure of courts, the characteristics of a cabinet,
and the role of the head of state are generally considered matters of constitutional law, while
substantive and procedural provisions relating to central and local government and judicial review
administration are considered matters of administrative law.
Definición de principios
Uno de los principales objetos del derecho administrativo es asegurar una administración
eficiente, económica y justa. Un sistema de derecho administrativo que impida o frustre la
administración sería claramente malo, y también lo sería un sistema que resultara en injusticia
para el individuo.
Se espera que el gobierno no solo mantenga el orden sino también que logre avances. Existe la
creencia generalizada de que una acción gubernamental sabia y bien dirigida puede abolir la
pobreza, prevenir el desempleo severo, elevar el nivel de vida de la nación y lograr un rápido
desarrollo social. Las personas en todos los países son mucho más conscientes que sus
antepasados del impacto del gobierno en su vida diaria y de su potencial para el bien y el mal.
definition of principles
One of the main objects of administrative law is to ensure an efficient, economic and fair
administration. A system of administrative law that impedes or frustrates administration would be
clearly wrong, and so would a system that would result in injustice to the individual.
The government is expected not only to maintain order but also to make progress. There is a
widespread belief that wise and well-directed government action can abolish poverty, prevent
severe unemployment, raise the nation's standard of living, and achieve rapid social development.
People in all countries are much more aware than their ancestors of the impact of government on
their daily lives and its potential for good and evil.
Las actividades tales como el control del tráfico, los servicios de protección contra incendios, la
policía, la eliminación de humos, la construcción o reparación de carreteras, el suministro de
moneda, la planificación urbana y rural y la recaudación de derechos de aduana e impuestos
especiales suelen estar a cargo de los gobiernos.
Existe otra distinción entre un mandato dirigido por la legislación al ciudadano, exigiéndole que
actúe o se abstenga de actuar de determinada manera, y un mandato dirigido a las autoridades
administrativas. Cuando un acto administrativo reviste la forma de un mandato incondicional
dirigido al ciudadano, suele acarrearse una multa o sanción por incumplimiento. En algunos países
la ejecución se confía a los tribunales penales, que pueden revisar el acto administrativo; en otros,
el propio acto administrativo debe ser impugnado ante un tribunal administrativo.
Las instrucciones estatutarias dirigidas a las autoridades ejecutivas pueden imponer deberes
absolutos o pueden conferir facultades discrecionales que autoricen una acción específica en
determinadas circunstancias. Aquí el ejecutivo no se limita simplemente a ejecutar las
instrucciones de la legislatura; a menudo también participa en el proceso de creación de leyes al
estar facultado para dictar reglamentos u ordenanzas que se ocupen de asuntos no regulados por
la ley. Esto puede considerarse como parte del proceso ordinario mediante el cual la legislatura
delega sus poderes o como una característica inevitable del gobierno moderno, dado que muchos
asuntos son demasiado técnicos, detallados o están sujetos a cambios frecuentes para ser
incluidos en el cuerpo principal de la ley. legislación: la legislación es menos fácil de cambiar que
los reglamentos.
Cualquiera que sea la fuente del poder de elaboración de normas del ejecutivo, son necesarias
salvaguardias contra el uso indebido.
En la mayoría de los países, el brazo ejecutivo del gobierno posee ciertos poderes que no se
derivan de la legislación, el derecho consuetudinario o una constitución escrita.
Activities such as traffic control, fire protection services, police, smoke removal, road construction
or repair, currency supply, town and country planning, and collection of customs duties and taxes
special services are usually run by governments.
The result of the distinction between public administration and private action is that
administrative law is quite different from the private law that regulates the actions, interests and
obligations of private persons. In addition, relations between one executive body and another, and
between an executive body and the public, are often regulated by mandatory or permissive
powers vested in executive bodies by the legislature.
There is another distinction between a mandate directed by law to the citizen, requiring him to act
or refrain from acting in a certain way, and a mandate directed to administrative authorities.
When an administrative act takes the form of an unconditional mandate addressed to the citizen,
a fine or penalty for non-compliance usually results. In some countries enforcement is entrusted
to criminal courts, which may review the administrative act; in others, the administrative act itself
must be challenged before an administrative court.
Statutory instructions addressed to executive authorities may impose absolute duties or may
confer discretionary powers authorizing a specific action in certain circumstances. Here the
executive is not limited simply to carrying out the instructions of the legislature; he often also
participates in the law-making process by being empowered to issue regulations or ordinances
dealing with matters not regulated by law. This can be seen as part of the ordinary process by
which the legislature delegates its powers or as an unavoidable feature of modern government,
since many matters are too technical, detailed, or subject to frequent change to be included in the
main body of law. . Legislation: Legislation is less easy to change than regulations.
Whatever the source of the executive's rule-making power, safeguards against misuse are
necessary.
In most countries, the executive arm of government has certain powers that are not derived from
legislation, common law, or a written constitution.
An inevitable consequence of the expansion of government functions has been the rise of the
bureaucracy. The rise of bureaucracy has occurred in countries ruled by all kinds of governments,
including communist countries, dictatorships and fascist regimes, and political democracies. A
large, strong, and well-trained civil service is essential in a modern state, regardless of the political
character of its regime or the nature of its economy.
Bureaucratic evils are of different kinds. They include an excessive devotion of officials to
precedent, remoteness from the rest of the community, inaccessibility, arrogance in dealing with
the general public, ineffective organization, waste of work, procrastination, an excessive sense of
self-importance, indifference to the feelings or convenience of citizens, obsession with the binding
authority of departmental decisions, inflexibility, abuse of power, and reluctance to admit error.
Many of these defects can be prevented or cured by applying good management techniques and
careful training of personnel. A whole range of techniques are available for this purpose, including
effective public relations, work-study programmes, organization and management, operations
research and social surveys.