baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universiteti

ioseb sanikiZe

Jurnalistikis
Teoriis formobrivi
da Sinaarsobrivi
safuZvlebi

gamomcemloba `universali~
Tbilisi 2015
UDC(uak) 070
s-262
wignSi warmodgenilia Tanamedrove Jurnalistikis Te-
oriuli sakiTxebi, ganxilulia komunikaciis erT-erTi um-
Tavresi elementis - mediateqstis formobriv-Janrobrivi
niSan-Tvisebebi. mdidari qrestomaTiuli nimuSebis moSve-
liebiT avtori aanalizebs publicisturi gamosaxvis Sina-
arsobriv Taviseburebebs. wigni gankuTvnilia Jurnalisti-
kisa da masobrivi komunikaciis specialobis yvela safexu-
ris studentTaTvis, aseve socialur da politikur mecnie-
rebaTa sakiTxebiT dainteresebuli specialistebisa da
mkiTxvelTa farTo wrisaTvis.
redaqtori: filologiis mecnierebaTa
doqtori, profesori
Temur jagodniSvili
recenzentebi: filologiis mecnierebaTa kandidati,
asocirebuli profesori
Tamar malaRuraZe
filologiis mecnierebaTa kandidati,
asocirebuli profesori
gigla gobeCia
filologiis mecnierebaTa kandidati,
asocirebuli profesori
inga SamiliSvili
filologiis mecnierebaTa kandidati,
asocirebuli profesori
nana cecxlaZe
filologiis mecnierebaTa kandidati,
asocirebuli profesori
emen daviTaZe
saavtoro uflebebi daculia. werilobiTi nebarTvis gareSe
wignis gadabeWdva nebismieri, maT Soris eleqtronuli an me-
qanikuri formiT, ar SeiZleba.

© i. sanikiZe, 2015
gamomcemloba `universali~, 2015
Tbilisi, 0179, i. WavWavaZis gamz. 19, : 2 22 36 09, 5(99) 17 22 30
E-mail: universal@internet.ge
ISBN 978-9941-22-577-2

2
 redaqtorisagan

Jurnalistikis, rogorc specifikuri profesiuli

moRvaweobis sferos, Sinaarsis gaazrebaSi imTaviTve ga-
moikveTa azrTa sxvadasxvaoba. mizezi, albaT, is iyo,
rom Tavidanve da sakmaod didi xnis ganmavlobaSi Jurna-
listikis sfero Sesabamisi saganmanaTleblo programe-
bis gareSe arsebobda, anu didze didi xnis ganmavlobaSi
Jurnalistebs ar sWirdebodaT specialuri ganaTleba.
Jurnalisturi profesiuli ganaTlebis saWiroeba
gvian gacnobierda. magaliTad, saqarTveloSi Jurna-
listika umaRlesi ganaTlebis sivrceSi, 1949 wels dam-
kvidrda. amave periodSi iqna SemoRebuli ssrk-s sxva
respublikebSic (ruseTi, ukraina), evropasa da amerika-
Si ufro adre. sakvirvelia, magram specialuri Jurna-
listuri ganaTlebis saWiroeba arc amis Semdeg uRia-
rebiaT sayovelTaod. arc Tu ise cota aRmoCnda iseTi
eqsperti, vinc Jurnalisturi profesiuli ganaTlebis
saWiroebas uaryofda, yvelaferi weris niWze dahyavda.
kidev erTi mosazrebiT Jurnalistis profesiuli da-
ostatebisaTvis sakmarisi iyo samagistro orwledi,
specifikuri Jurnalisturi saswavlo kursebis aTvise-
bis safuZvelze.
Jurnalisturi specialuri ganaTlebis Taviseburi
gaazrebis erT formad warmosdga am bolo dros damkvid-
rebuli tendencia — Jurnalistikamcodneobis yvela Zi-
riTadi saswavlo kursis erT wignSi moqcevis mcdeloba.
erTi aseTi cda am cota xnis win ganxorcielda,
sxvadasxva avtorTa erToblivi ZalisxmeviT gamoica
krebuli `Jurnalistika~, romelsac daekisra Jurna-
listikis profesiuli ganaTlebis yvela aspeqtis kon-
ceptualuri Tavmoyra da mTlianobaSi gaazrebis sa-

3
fuZvlis Seqmna. rogorc Cans, am cdas mimdevrebic ga-
mouCdnen da erTian tendenciad mkvidrdeba. am tenden-
ciis gamoxatulebad gvesaxeba ioseb sanikiZis wigni
`Jurnalistikis Teoriis formobrivi da Sinaarsobrivi
safuZvlebi~. igi aRniSnuli TvalsazrisiT erTgvarad
wingadadgmul nabijsac ki warmoadgens, radgan aq ukve
erTi avtoris konceptualuri xedvis warmodgenasTan
gvaqvs saqme. i. sanikiZis naSromi saxelmZRvanelo ga-
miznulobis wignia, sadac erTad aris warmodgenili da
konceptualurad gaazrebuli is `Teoriuli da praq-
tikuli masala~, romliTac ixelmZRvaneleben da `isar-
gebleben leqciebsa da praqtikul mecadineobebze~
studentebi da SeZleben `qarTuli mediis magaliTebze
gaiazron da gaanalizon mediateqstis Seqmnis metad
rTuli xelovneba~.
am uaRres novacias sainteresod gamoexmaurnen is
specialistebi, vinc xelnawerSi gaecno i. sanikiZis wi-
namdebare naSroms, radgan avtoris gadawyvetileba —
erT wignad akinZos Teoriuli da praqtikuli masala
`Jurnalistikisa da masobrivi komunikaciis umniSvne-
lovanesi elementis — teqstis Seqmnis da Seswavlis
formobrivi (Janrobrivi) da Sinaarsobrivi mxaris~ Se-
saxeb — arc Tu martivi Sesasrulebelia.
uTuod gasaTvaliswinebelia is garemoeba, rom qar-
Tuli Jurnalistikismcodneoba mainc da mainc ar aris
gamorCeuli qarTuli saxelmZRvaneloebiTa da meTo-
duri literaturiT da amdenad yoveli axali naSromis
gamoCena mniSvnelovan faqtad aRiqmeva. sainteresoa
avtoris dakvirvebebi calkeul Jurnalistur Janrze,
korespondenciis, statiis, recenziis, narkvevis, fele-
tonis, pamfletis Janrobriv TaviseburebaTa gaazreba.
prof. i. sanikiZis wignis novaciad warmogvidgeba
TiTeuli Janris aRwera-daxasiaTebaze darTuli qres-

4
tomaTiuli nimuSebi da faqtobrivi masala. darwmune-
buli var igi did interss gamoiwvevs rogorc specia-
listebis, ise masobrivi komunikaciis problemebiT da-
interesebuli mkiTxvelis mxridan. amis Rrma rwmeniT
davulocav gzas profesor ioseb sanikiZis wigns da
mkiTxvelis cnobierebaSi kvalis datovebas, fiqris aR-
Zvrasa da kiTxvebze pasuxebis ZiebaSi Sedegismomtano-
bas vusurveb.

T. jagodniSvili
profesori, saqarTvelos
saxelmwifo premiis laureati

5
 winasityvaoba

Jurnalistikis Teoriuli Tu Janrobrivi proble-

matikis SeswavlasTan dakavSirebiT sakmaod didi Sro-
ma aris gaweuli cnobili da avtoritetuli Tanamed-
rove qarTveli mecnierebis: m. gagoSiZis, r. surgula-
Zis, n. tabiZis, e. iberis, b. imnaZis, T. jagodniSvilis, m.
vekuas, d. CiqvilaZis, T. jologuas, d. osefaiSvilis, m.
gersamias, T. malaRuraZis, m. SamiliSvilis, n. kupraSvi-
lis, g. gobeCias, e. lomiZis, x. kaWaravas da sxvaTa mier,
magram Jurnalistikis asaxvis sagnisa da Teoriul Tu
Janrobriv problematikasTan mimarTebaSi jer kidev
bevria gasarkvev-gasaanalizebeli. winamdebare naSromi
Jurnalistikis TeoriaSi aRniSnuli xarvezis Sevsebis
cdaa. masSi Tavmoyrilia Teoriuli da praqtikuli ma-
sala, romliTac Sesabamisi profilis studentebi
ixelmZRvaneleben, dainteresdebian, isargebleben
leqciebisa Tu praqtikuli mecadineobisas, SeZleben
gaiazron da gaaanalizon mediateqstebis asaxvis sagnis
metad rTuli da riskiani xelovneba, eziaron sityvis
Tavisuflebis produqts — im problematikis arss, rom-
lis gareSec ara mxolod mediaxelovneba, zogadad ka-
cobrioba, adamianuri cxovreba azrs kargavs.
aq erT wignadaa akinZuli Teoriuli da praqtikuli
masala, Jurnalisturi teqstis Seqmnisa Tu formobri-
vi (Janrobrivi) da Sinaarsobrivi safuZvlebi. am kuT-
xiT vecadeT warmogveCina Tanamedrove qarTuli Jur-
nalistikis Teoriuli, formobrivi Tu Sinaarsobrivi
aspeqtebi. is, razec am wignSia saubari, mniSvnelovania
imiTac, rom am kuTxiT qarTuli Jurnalistika serio-
zul deficits ganicdis. survili, aucileblad unda
Seiqmnas Teoriuli da praqtikuli xasiaTis qarTule-
novani saxelmZRvanelo wigni Jurnalistikis TeoriaSi

6
Sesabamisi qrestomaTiuli (dokumenturi) masalebis
moSveliebiT, nawilobriv Sesrulebulia. wignis Seqmna-
Si dagvexmara is gamocdileba, romelic wlebis ganmav-
lobaSi dagrovda baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwi-
fo da saqarTvelos sapatriarqos tbel abuserisZis sa-
xelobis universitetebSi Jurnalistikisa da masobri-
vi komunikaciis mimarTulebiT leqciebis kiTxvisas, sa-
bakalavro da samagistro programebze, aseve gazeT `ba-
Tumis universitetis~ redaqciaSi muSaobisas, (2006
wlidan vxelmZRvanelob). es ukanaskneli cocxali maga-
liTebiT avsebda da avsebs Tanamedrove mediasivrcis
saintereso areals. wignSi warmodgenili calkeuli sa-
kiTxi Tanabrad problemuria rogorc evropuli, ise
rusuli, amerikuli, aseve qarTuli mediasivrcisaTvis,
gaanalizebulia Tanamedrove periodul beWdur gamo-
cemebze dayrdnobiT. masala iZleva saSualebas, gavi-
goT ra sakiTxebiT, ra problematikiT interesdeba
moqmedi mediasivrce, ramdenad profesionalurad da
miukerZoeblad Suqdeba qveyanaSi da qveynis gareT ar-
sebuli sinamdvile da pasuxobs Tu ara yovelive es Ta-
namedrove gamowvevebs? informaciuli bumisa da qao-
sis pirobebSi, rodesac faqtobrivad aRar an ar (ver)
ifiltreba informacia, daculia Tu ara Jurnalistis
profesiuli standarti? eTikuri normebi da kriteri-
umebi? an ra aris mTavari: erovnuli interesebi, sit-
yvis Tavisufleba, maRali profesionalizmi, damfuZ-
neblis interesebi Tu kidev bevri sxva ram, romelic
swored 21-e saukunis mediis aqilevsis quslia? sad
aris simarTle? an saerTod, ramdenia is? media iaraRia
Tu SemoqmedebiTi Tavisufleba? aqvs Tu ara zRvari me-
diamanipulirebas da sadamde SeiZleba gagrZeldes me-
diateqnologiaTa monapovari? ra SeiZleba mohyves ki-
dev teqnologiaTa ganviTarebas? ...rom dainteresebu-

7
li mediamomxmarebeli male Seqmnis sakuTar televizi-
as anu Seiqmneba e.w. `qveiTad mosiaruleTa televizie-
bi,~ romelTa Semosavlebi kolosaluri siswrafiT geo-
metriuli progresiT gaizrdeba? rom masobrivi audi-
toriis SesaZleblobebs roboteqnika Caanacvlebs?!.
Tanamedrove adamiani samyaros Sesaxeb codnis
wyurvils ZiriTadad eleqtronuli da cifruli teq-
nologiebis meSveobiT ikmayofilebs, amdenad mas aRa-
ravisi sjera, vidre sakuTari Tavisa... amitomac, erTia-
nobis miRweva, ara mxolod mediaSi, erTgvari auxdene-
li ocnebaa, mizezi ki swrafvaa pirvelobisken. yoveli
mediamagnatis survilia yvela danarCeni misive kala-
potSi iyos Camosxmuli, misnairi xasiaTi hqondes, masa-
viT fiqrobdes da ganicdides, yvelaferze da yvela-
ferSi mis msgavsad moqmedebdes... dReisaTvis es da sxva
mravali sakiTxi erTgvari dilemis winaSe dgas da vfiq-
rob, am mimarTulebiT kvlavac bevria samuSao, radgan,
saboloo jamSi, es yovelive mainc publicisturi teq-
stis Seqmnis xelovnebas ukavSirdeba. vimeoreb, jer ki-
dev bevria am mimarTulebiT safiqral-sazrunavi da es
wignic amis garkvevis surviliT aris nakarnaxevi.
wignSi Jurnalisturi asaxvis yvela forma araa
warmodgenili, es momavlis saqmea.
dasasruls madloba minda gadavuxado wignis re-
daqtors, saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetis pro-
fesors, baton Temur jagodniSvils, recenzents, sa-
qarTvelos teqnikuri universitetis asocirebul pro-
fesors, qalbaton Tamar malaRuraZes, romelmac aR-
niSna, rom ` ... i. sanikiZis naSromi, Tundac Tematikidan
gamomdinare, uaRresad aqtualuria, radgan dRes sa-
qarTveloSi cota originaluri saxelmZRvanelo gamo-
dis JurnalistikaSi da es wigni udavod daexmareba ro-
gorc studentebs, ise profesor-maswavleblebsac...

8
igi mniSvnelovani SenaZeni iqneba dainteresebuli
mkiTxvelisa da Jurnalistikis specialobis studen-
tTaTvis~.
madlobas vuxdi aseve recenzents, saqarTvelos
teqnikuri universitetis asocirebul profesors, ba-
ton gigla gobeCias, romelmac aseve aRniSna, rom ` ...
qarTuli JurnalistikaTmcodneoba ar aris qarTvel
mkvlevarTa wignebiT ganebivrebuli. Warbobs ucxoel
avtorTa Targmnili wignebi, romelTa umetesoba, sam-
wuxarod, sruliad miuRebelia qarTuli sinamdvili-
saTvis. amdenad, misasalmebelia ioseb sanikiZis mcde-
loba am xarvezis gamosworebisa. warmodgenili wignis
udavo Rirsebad SeiZleba miviCnioT is, rom avtori Ti-
Toeul Janrs Tan urTavs mis mierve SerCeul qrestoma-
Tiul nimuSs... wigni rogorc dainteresebuli mkiTxve-
lisTvis, aseve saqarTvelos JurnalistTa mravalric-
xovani amqrisTvis mniSvnelovani SenaZeni iqneba~...
aseve madlierebas gamovxatav baTumis SoTa rus-
Tavelis saxelmwifo universitetis asocirebuli pro-
fesorebis nana cecxlaZisa da inga SamiliSvilisadmi,
aseve tbel abuserisZis saswavlo universitetis pro-
fesoris, baton emen daviTaZisadmi, romelTac sainte-
reso mosazrebebi gamoTqves wignis Sesaxeb.

i. sanikiZe,
2015 weli, maisi

9
 I

Jurnalistis sazogadoebasTan
urTierTobis zogierTi aspeqti

Jurnalisti rwmenasa da imedTan, Zalasa da energi-

asTan, siTbosa da nugeSTan, sikeTesa da patiosnebas-
Tan, siyvarulsa da ubraloebasTan asocirdeba, ganur-
Cevlad asakisa, erovnebisa, kanis ferisa, sarwmunoeb-
rivi kuTvnilebisa, sacxovrebeli adgilisa. amdenad, is
yvelas mimarT Tanabrad unda gamoxatavdes pativisce-
mas, iyos simarTlisa da samarTlianobis erTguli dam-
cveli droisa da sivrcis miuxedavad. rTulia Jurna-
listis profesia, xSirad riskiani da saxifaTo, magram
namdvil, WeSmarit da Rirseul Jurnalists yovelTvis
gaTavisebuli aqvs da kargad esmis, rom Sesabamisad sa-
kuTari saqmianobisa da damsaxurebisa, miagebs xolme
sazogadoeba Rirseul pativs da rogorc gmirs, ise ac-
xovrebs sakuTar gulebSi. gmirebi ki advilad, ubra-
lod da martivad ar ibadebian, amitomacaa, arc erTi
gmiri ar daberebula da arc momkvdara, isini marad
cocxloben yvela Taobisa da yvela asakis adamianSi da
arc arasodes mokvdebian. iqneb gadaWarbeba an zedmeti
paTetika SeniSnoT an igrZnoT kidec am abzacis wakiT-
xvisas, magram gulis siRrmeSi yvela Tqvengani dameTan-
xmeba da damidasturebs kidec, rom brZolis velze
tyviebis wvimaSi uiaraRod gasvla mxolod reportio-
ri Jurnalistis movaleobaa, mxolod mas SeuZlia ganu-
meorebeli dokumenturi kadrebis gadaReba da sazoga-
doebamde mitana kosmosuri xomaldidan, wyalqveSa
atomuri navidan, sikvdilmisjilTa saknebidan... es sxva
araferia, Tu ara gmiroba, magram ar unda dagvaviwydes,
rom yvelas gmirobas ver movTxovT, es erTgvari TviT-

10
nabadi niWia uflis mier naboZebi. amitomac arCevani
Jurnalistis profesiaze erTob sapasuxismgebloa da
saxifaToc. rodesac aseT gadawyvetilebas Rebulobs
pirovneba, is upirvelesad sxva profesiul SesaZleb-
lobebTan erTad didi Sinagani kulturiTa da sulieri
discipliniT unda gamoirCeodes. amitomacaa, rom sa-
zogadoeba met pasuxismgeblobas xSirad swored Jur-
nalists akisrebs da xandaxan, samwuxarod, adviladac
eleva, swiravs xolme mas, eqceva ara rogorc gmirs,
aramed rogorc ubralo mokvdavs... magram amaSi, imave
sazogadoebisadmi amgvari ganwyobisa da damokidebu-
lebis CamoyalibebaSi TviTon Jurnalistebi TamaSoben
mniSvnelovan rols da xels uwyoben viTarebisa da si-
tuaciis ara ganmuxtvas, aramed daZabvas, dapirispire-
bas, eWvisa da undoblobis gaRrmavebas. Sesabamisad sa-
zogadoebac ixsnis pasuxismgeblobas, Seqmnil situaci-
aSi naklebad damnaSaved grZnobs Tavs da saboloo jam-
Si ki Crdili adgeba profesiul Rirsebas, patiosnebas,
erTgulebas... amitomac, kargad unda gvaxsovdes, gansa-
kuTrebiT damwyeb Jurnalistebs, rom upirvelesad ma-
Rali profesionalizmi da sulis disciplina aris sau-
keTeso saSualeba Jurnalistis eklian gzaze didebiT
svlisa. Rirseuli Jurnalistis mier gadadgmuli yove-
li nabiji, yoveli misi sityva Tu saqme, arasodes rCeba
yuradRebis miRma. amitomac gvaqvs survili aRvzar-
doT niWier JurnalistTa axali Taoba, romelic aq-
cents gaakeTebs adamianur sikeTesa da samarTlianoba-
ze da ara fulsa da angarebaze, romelTagan pirvels
saxeli da dideba moaqvs, meores ki — fufuneba da ke-
TildReoba. dRevandeli gadasaxedidan namdvilad
rTulia daZlio cduneba, erTs anacvalo meore an piri-
qiT, magram gmirisa da gmirobis rangSi ayvanili profe-
sia, upirveles yovlisa, udides pasuxismgeblobasa da

11
erTgulebasTan erTad maRal moqalaqeobriv movaleo-
basTanac asocirdeba. amitomac Jurnalisti ara mxo-
lod sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT, piradi ganwyobiTa
da damokidebulebiTac ki sasiamovno da saintereso ga-
remos qmnis da ayalibebs garSemomyofTadmi. cnobilia,
rom xalisiani, mxiaruli ganwyoba exmareba adamians ad-
vilad gamovides mZime, stresuli mgomareobidan da Ta-
vi `gaiTavisuflos~ yoveldRiuri cxovrebiseuli
problemebisagan, romelic gadaulaxav winaaRmdegobad
warmoudgenia. mecnierTa azriT, sicili, xalisiani gan-
wyoba axangrZlivebs sicocxles. zogadad, nebismieri
ganwyoba `gadamdebia~ da amitomac Jurnalists Zalian
kargad unda esmodes, rom Jurnalistis profesia,
upirveles yovlisa, sazogadoebasTan, masobriv audi-
toriasTan urTierTobis xelovnebaa, rodesac er-
Tdroulad aseuli aTasobiT an milionobiT adamiani
Jurnalistis mier miwodebul informacias kiTxulobs,
ismens, msjelobs, kamaTobs, akvirdeba, aanalizebs, ake-
Tebs daskvnebs da mis Sesabamisad iqmnis ganwyobas. sa-
zogadoebrivi yofa da cxovreba arasdros, arc erT
epoqaSi ar yofila ia-vardebiT mofenili. adamianuri
gza cxovrebisa visTvis sasurveli gziT miimarTeba,
visTvis mtkivneulad. amitomac adamianuri ganwyobebi
da Sesabamisad urTierTobebic, xSirad ZiriTadad da-
mokidebulia pirad unarsa da SesaZleblobebze, rac
erTi mxvriv, gamoixateba arsebuli realobiT, mZime
cxovrebiseuli problematikiT, da meore mxvriv, qveya-
naSi da msoflioSi mimdinare procesebiT.am yvelafer-
Si mTeli arsebiT CarTulia masmediis yvela saSualeba,
(rogorc beWduri, ise eleqtronuli). sazogadoebas,
xalxs, adamianebs xSirad uWirT mtyuan-marTlis gar-
kveva, simarTlis gageba. erTi sityviT, informaciis bu-
mia, ufro zusti ganmarteba iqneba Tu vityviT: sruli

12
informaciuli qaosia da masSi simarTlisa da araobieq-
turobis gamijvna xSirad profesional Teoretikoseb-
sac ki uWirT... amdenad, kidev ufro mniSvnelovani da
sapasuxismgeblo xdeba Tanamedrove cxovrebaSi Jurna-
listis roli, funqcia, mniSvneloba, amocana da daniS-
nuleba, romelic gadamwyvet mniSvnelobas iZens sazo-
gadoebrivi cxovrebis gakeTilSobilebis, adamianebis
sulieri amaRlebisa da winsvlis saqmeSi. ratom ar unda
Segvtkiodes guli Cveni qalaqis quCebSi gavlisas, ro-
desac vxvdebiT adamianebs, romlebic Sewuxebuli sa-
xiT miiCqarian da SesaZlebelia maTgan umetess TavSi
erTi da igive azri utrialebs: ra aWamos dRes bavSvs?
an sad iSovos fuli, romelic igive bavSvis wignebis Se-
saZenad sWirdeba? an riT SeiZinos wamali, romelic sa-
sicocxlod aucilebelia sakuTari meuRlisaTvis? an
rogor gadaixados wylis davalianeba, romelic sul
cota xnis win gauTiSes?
rogorc Cans, sazrunavi dRes xalxs gacilebiT me-
ti aqvs, vidre es sinamdvileSi warmogvidgenia. rode-
sac arian adamianebi, romlebic yoveldRiur lukma-
purs kvlavac nagvis yuTebSi eqeqebian, romelTac pu-
ris SesaZeni groSi ar gaaCniaT. mogexsenebaT, msgavsi
situaciis Secvla arc Tu ise martivia, romelic TiT-
qosda advilad mogvarebadi gveCveneba, da Cvenda sam-
wuxarod, misi mogvareba uaxloes droSi erTgvarad Se-
uZlebelic Cans. da mainc, miuxedavad mTeli rigi prob-
lematikisa, Tu ar SegviZlia SevcvaloT Cveni piradi
mdgomareoba, aseT dros aucilebelia vizrunoT Sev-
cvaloT Cveni damokidebulebebi mTel rig sakiTxebTan
mimarTebaSi. amdenad dRes CvenTvis gansakuTrebuli
mniSvneloba aqvs visaubroT ara yvelasaTvis kargad
cnobil problemebze, aramed adamianis unarze gamoav-
linos saukeTeso piradi Tvisebebi, Seiqmnas kargi da

13
mxiaruli ganwyoba da siTbo aCuqos mis irgvliv myof
adamianebs. es yvelaferi gacilebiT faseuli iqneba ma-
Sin, rodesac yovelive amis ukan Jurnalisti iqneba.
sicocxlis moyvaruli, xalisiani da momRimari sa-
xis Jurnalisti advilad ipyrobs sxvaTa yuradRebas.
mis mimarT sazogadoebac keTilganwyobilia xolme,
radgan swored masSi amoikiTxavs sasowarkveTili ada-
miani megobars, Wirisufals, tkivilis gamziarebels,
sulis mesaidumles. garegnuli efeqti mZime stresuli
mdgomareobidan TavisdasaRwevad erT-erTi mniSvnelo-
vani faqtoria, amitomac niWieri Jurnalisti yovel-
Tvis cdilobs sazogadoebasTan urTierTobisas, ra
formiTac ar unda mimdinareobdes igi, is `efeqti~ Sei-
narCunos, romelic sazogadoebisaTvis mocemul momen-
tSi yvelaze momgebiani da warmatebuli iqneba. magali-
Tad, Jurnalisti produqtebis SesaZenad supermarket-
Si, sacurao auzSi, quCaSi, saxlSi, megobris qorwilSi,
an mZime avariisa Tu sagangebo SemTxvevebis adgilas,
sazogadoebrivi TavSeyris adgilebSi, mitingebze, sasa-
marTloebsa Tu sapatimroebSi. profesional Jurna-
lists kargad unda moexsenebodes, rom is yvelgan unda
iyos, magram martod-marto arsad, arasdros ar aris da
arc iqneba, TviT ukacriel kunZulze moxvedris Sem-
TxvevaSic ki sazogadoebis interesebis erTguli da
uRalato damcvelis rolSi unda iyos mxolod, ro-
gorc obieqturi, samarTliani da principuli, miuker-
Zoebeli gulSematkivari, romelsac ar aSinebs daRla,
manZili, siSore, `gadaifrens, gascuravs~, simarTles
ki miaRwevs...
da Tqven warmogidgeniaT, rodesac Jurnalistis
garegnuli efeqti ase gadamdebia, maSin rogori efeqti
da gavlena eqneba mis mier damuSavebul informacias?
informacia xom, SeiZleba iTqvas, adamianis sulia, misi

14
Sinagani samyaros nawilia da rodesac am yvelafers
usamarTlod da daumsaxureblad Seuracxyof, talaxsa
da sibinZureSi amosvri, mis ukan xom konkretuli pi-
rovneba dgas: abuCad agdebuli, Seuracxyofili, daum-
saxureblad, usamarTlod galanZRuli, dawixluli an
ubralod nawyeni da gulnatkeni!?
ra Tqma unda rTulia yovelTvis, (ra donis Jurna-
listic ar unda iyo), nebismier dros moigerio cxovre-
biseuli `kaprizebi~, miTumetes maSin, rodesac winas-
war aravisTvis araferia cnobili: magaliTad, ra gelo-
deba xval an zeg? magram JurnalistisaTvis yoveldRi-
uri mzadyofna da imis gaTaviseba, rom is aris erTgva-
ri rwmena da imedi sazogadoebis TiToeuli wevrisa, sa-
marTliani, WeSmariti da Rirseuli sazogadoebisa, ro-
desac tyuili da orpiroba, moCvenebiToba da siyalbe
adgils ver imkvidrebs, aseT dros mxolod sikeTesa da
siyvaruls ixveW, did pasuxismgeblobasTan erTad did
pirovnul SesaZleblobebs iZen, romelic garkveul
riskebsa da sulier resurss moiTxovs. damerwmunebiT,
Jurnalistic erTi Cveulebrivi adamiania, sxva adamian-
Tagan arafriT gamorCeuli, Cveulebrivi yoveldRiuri
yofiTa da cxovrebiT, magram meti pasuxismgeblobiTa
da movaleobiT, meti erudiciiT, alRoTi da SemarTe-
biT, radganac swored es pasuxismgeblobisa da movale-
obis gancda aris safuZveli misi profesiuli gansa-
kuTrebulobisa, rac gamoixateba Tundac erTi konkre-
tuli adamianisadmi TanagrZnobisa da Tanadgomis gamo-
xatviT. SesaZloa Zalian xmamaRla, Tamamad da garkve-
viT iTqvas: yvelaze didi msaxuri da erTguli jariska-
ci mSobeli qveynisa, dRes Jurnalistia da Tu es ase ar
xdeba da is xSirad gamoyenebulia rogorc iaraRi, ama-
ze ufro didi codva da satanjveli ar arsebobs da rom
amaSi bralis maRali procenti sworedac rom sazoga-

15
doebaze modis... amitomac mis Sesabamis siTbos, siyva-
ruls, dafasebas, aRiarebas iTxovs WeSmariti, Rirseu-
li, samarTliani, obieqturi, miukerZoebeli da daba-
lansebuli Jurnalisti. asea megobrebo, rodesac vin-
mes met pasuxismgeblobas vakisrebT, Sesabamisad Tava-
dac met yuradRebasa da Tanadgomas saWiroeben...
Jurnalistika sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis antivi-
rusia, romelic mis gakeTilSobilebas emsaxureba. ami-
tomac SeuZlebelia moqmedi Soubiznesis warmomadgen-
lebi Jurnalistebad, maT mier warmoebuli produqcia
ki Jurnalistur produqciad iwodebodes. swored
msgavsma damokidebulebam Seqmna precedenti namdvili
Jurnalistebisadmi sazogadoebis mxridan xSir Sem-
TxvevaSi cudi damokidebulebisa. rogor SeiZleba ne-
bismier saxis `Setyobinebas~ Jurnalistika ewodos?
rogor SeiZleba nebismieri saxis `sisulelesa da Wors~
gavrcelebis farTo asparezi mieces? ras vazianebT
aseT dros? ra Tqma unda sazogadoebriv azrs, misi sa-
SualebiT ki sazogadoebas da missave cnobierebas. in-
formacia, namdvilad Jurnalisturi anu cxovrebiseu-
li da sasicocxlod aucilebeli, unda moicavdes po-
litikur, ekonomikur, kulturul-saganmanaTleblo
da a.S. im yvela mniSvnelovan sakiTxebs, romlebic Rir-
seulad gamokvebaven yvela Taobis adamians, romelic
ar iqneba cxovrebis zedapirze amotivtivebuli, ro-
gorc nafoti wylis zedapirze. sxvadasxva kategorie-
bad diferencirebuli informacia is sulieri sazri-
sia, romelic rTulad da CaxlarTulad ki ar warmoid-
gens realobasa da sinamdviles, aramed gacilebiT ad-
vilad da martivad aRsaqmelad aqcevs mas.
erTi sityviT, realoba da WeSmaritebaa Jurna-
listikis amosavali da ara Wori da mogonili, tyuili,
romelic ukargavs Jurnalistikas elfers, Sinaarssa

16
da mniSvnelobas, xolo Jurnalistebs adamianur saxes
da zogadad ki es yvelaferi Tavad Jurnalistis profe-
siaze — dedamiwis zurgze am erT-erT yvelaze uZveles-
sa da amasTan, yvelaze Tanamedrove, urTules profesi-
aze damRupvel zemoqmedebas axdens. warmoidgineT kar-
gi, sufTa, wlebs gamotarebuli Rvino, romelsac wina-
pari Tavis Svilebs utovebs, is kidev Rvinis gaTavebis
SiSiT yoveldRe am RvinoSi wyals amatebs, imis magiv-
rad rom vazs uvlides da eferebodes, rom misgan mowe-
uli yurZniT axal, sufTa, uankares da ugemrieles Rvi-
nos amzadebdes. ra mouva aseT danatovar Rvinos? pasu-
xi naTelia: is Zmrad gadaiqceva. ra mouva aseT gzidan
gadasul Jurnalistikas? Jurnalistika iqceva siZul-
vilis, dapirispirebis, iWvianobis, gautanlobis, erTa
Soris SuRlis Camogdebisa da kacTa kvlis iaraRad. am-
denad, Tavad sazogadoebam unda Seqmnas JurnalistTa
eTikuri kriteriumebi da qcevis kodeqsi, gamijnos
zRvari profesional Jurnalistikasa da Soubizness
Soris, rom Jurnalistikam daibrunos sazogadoebis
damsaxurebuli siyvaruli da pativiscema.

17
 II

Jurnalisturi teqstis Seqmnis

gaazrebisaTvis

Jurnalisturi SemoqmedebiTi saqmianobis dasaw-

yisi rTuli, da xSir SemTxvevaSi, warumatebelia, rad-
gan weris SesaZleblobebi ar emTxveva survils Seqmna
Rirebuli da mniSvnelovani, amasTan miipyro sxvisi yu-
radRebac... es gza sirTuleebisa da siZneleebis gareSe
ar arsebobs da igi gadalaxuli aqvT TiTqmis yvela
met-naklebad cnobil mweralsa Tu Jurnalists. dam-
wyebi Jurnalistebis did nawils xSirad uCndeba survi-
li Tu miswrafeba pirvelive mcdelobaze Seqmnan sain-
tereso da sayuradRebo ama Tu im cxovrebiseul mov-
lenasa Tu faqtze, magram aRmoCndeba, rom mcdeloba
uSedegoa, araferi gamodis, saTqmeli TiTqos xafangSi
gaeba da risTvisac moemzade, yvelaferi erTianad gaq-
ra, gafrinda, wavida. magram es imas ar niSnavs, far-xma-
li dayaro da sasowarkveTilebas miece. mondomeba,
mcdeloba, survili Tavisas gaitans da Sedegsac gamoi-
Rebs. SemoqmedebiTi niWi Jurnalisturi fantaziisa
ipovis dRis sinaTles. sakuTar SexedulebaTa da war-
modgenaTa publicisturi leqsikuri maragi cxovrebi-
seul faqtebsa da movlenebs kidev erTxel Tvals gaa-
devnebs, daakvirdeba, gaaanalizebs, pirad da sazoga-
doebriv warmatebad an warumateblobad aRiqvams da am
yvelafers erTguli gulSematkivris, Wirisuflis,
mxardamWeris poziciiT warmoaCens. cxovrebaSi mimdi-
nare movlenebisa da faqtebis pirad da sazogadoebriv
tkivilad Tu sixarulad gancda aRiqmeba rogorc pir-
veli Jurnalisturi naTloba da swored amgvari grZno-
biTa da ganwyobiT damuxtuli sityvebis jeri winada-

18
debebad akinZuli da sabolood publicistur teqstad
Camoyalibebuli moawydeba cocxal sinamdviled TeTri
furclebis nakads an kompiuteris ekrans. movlenebisa
da faqtebis Tanamimdevruli gaazreba, metyveli wina-
dadebebi, moxdenili frazebi, TiTo abzacSi Cateuli
TiToeuli saTqmeli, wvrilmani detalebiTa da garemo-
ebebiT gamokveTili da sakuTari stiliT ,,aRfrTova-
nebuli“ Jurnalisturi teqsti moevlineba masobriv
auditorias. magram, aqamde jer kidev Soria. am gzis
gavla gulisxmobs mraval rCevas ufrosi megobrisa Tu
kolegisagan weris ostatobis amaRlebaze. zogierTis
rCeva, SesaZloa, iyos zedmetad mkacri da erTgvarad
sasowarkveTilebaSi Camgdebic, zogierTis piriqiT.
orive SemTxvevaSi nakarnaxevi erTi surviliT: publi-
cisturi teqsti obieqturi, miukerZoebeli, marTali,
maRalprofesionalur doneze Sesrulebuli unda iyos.
weris ostatobis amaRlebaze zrunva did Sromasa da
garjas moiTxovs, sadac TavisTavadi, bunebrivi niWi da
gamorCeuli monacemebi gansakuTrebul rols Tama-
Sobs. swavleba imisa, Tu rogor unda wero, an ra meTo-
debiT ixelmZRvanelo, sakmaod rTulia. TumcaRa, amis
mravali recefti arsebobs. upirvelesad sakiTxis Rrma
codna, didi Sinagani kultura, Sromismoyvareoba da
maRali pasuxismgebloba - is umTavresi kriteriumebia,
romelsac damwyebi Jurnalisti eyrdnoba. rCeva megob-
risa Tu maswavleblisa, gasaTvaliswinebelia, magram
faqtebisa da movlenebis Sefasebisas Tu pirad intui-
cias da xedvas mowyda damwyebi Jurnalisti, SesaZloa,
saTqmeli saerTod daikargos. is, rac piradad Sesafa-
sebelia, unda Sefasdes kidec damwyebi Jurnalistis mi-
er. amitom, rCeva, rom faqtebi ise aixsnas, rogorc sta-
Jiansa Tu gamocdil Jurnalists miaCnia da ara ise, ro-
gorc movlenebis epicentrSi myof damwyeb, an Tundac

19
gamoucdel Jurnalists, Zalze sapasuxismgebloa.
konkretul situaciaSi myofi pirvelwyaros, am Sem-
TxvevaSi Jurnalistis (Tundac damwyebis) originalu-
ri xedva gacilebiT sainteresoa, vidre gamocdili,
staJiani Jurnalistisa. amitom SeiZleba mieTiTos gar-
kveul SemTxvevaSi rogor weros damwyebma Jurnalis-
tma, magram Tu yovel winadadebas Caukirkimelaveb,
,,kontrols gauwev”, es ,,misi” aRar iqneba. aq sityva un-
da Tqvas sakuTarma SemoqmedebiTma niWma da publicis-
turma SesaZleblobebma, (saqmis arsSi wvdoma, operati-
uloba, miukerZoebloba, balansi...), aseve weris Sinagan-
ma kulturam (stili, Jurnalisturi leqsikuri maragi,
martivi, gasagebi, mokle da naTeli winadadebebi, sasve-
ni niSnebi, abzacebis SerCeva da gamoyofa). Semoqmede-
biTi SesaZleblobebi adamianisa Znelad gansasazRvria,
SeuZlebelic ki. veravin SeZlebs konkretuli adamia-
nis, maT Soris Jurnalist(eb)is fantaziis sazRvrebis
dadebas. aqedan gamomdinare, veravin ver ,,ubrZanebs”
veravis, rogor da ranairad weros an rogor aRweros
esa Tu is movlena an faqti. konkretuli faqti konkre-
tulma pirovnebam konkretul SemTxvevaSi unda asaxos
viTarebis, situaciis Sesabamisad. sasiamovnoa, rode-
sac konkretuli movlenisa da faqtis irgvliv iseTi
publicisturi masala momzaddeba, romelic yvelaze
rTulsa da masStaburs yvelasaTvis gasagebi, martivi
da ubralo eniT aRwers, rodesac momxdari an mimdina-
re ise aRiqmeba, rogorc sinamdvile. mniSvnelovani
movlenebis, faqtebis, procesebis, problemebis, sakiT-
xebis, ideebis xelovnurad, Segnebulad gaubraloeba,
meorexarisxovnad qceva bunebriv saxes ukargavs sinam-
dviles. cxovrebiseuli movlenebisa da faqtebis aras-
wori interpretireba ki sariskocaa da sapasuxismgeb-
loc. aseT SemTxvevaSi aRar xdeba mTavarisa da meore-

20
xarisxovanis gamoyofa, gamijvna da Sesabamisad, teqsti
araadekvaturis, xelovnuris, zedmetad modelirebu-
lis STabeWdilebas tovebs. sinamdvilis, realobis, ar-
sebulis SenarCunebis principi umniSvnelovanesia Jur-
nalisturi teqstebis Seqmnisas. rodesac publicistu-
ri weris niWsa da SesaZleblobebze vsaubrobT, wina
planze unda wamoiwios faqtebiT agitacia da propagan-
da; roca saTqmeli publicisturia, ara zedmetad mxat-
vruli, mogonili, realobas acdenili da fantaziiT ga-
jerebuli, aramed cotaTi mSrali, ufro metad ki siR-
rmiseuli, amasTan saintereso. Jurnalisti Rrmad unda
iWrebodes faqtis arsSi, kargad erkveodes mis warmom-
Sob mizezebSi, raTa zustad ganisazRvros mizez-Sede-
gobrivi kavSiri faqtsa da realobas Soris. publicis-
ti varaudebis, eWvebis, gamogonili, SeTxzuli versie-
bis mixedviT ver esaubreba masobriv auditorias, mas
konkretuli faqti sWirdeba, sWirdeba rogorc xelCa-
saWidi masala, romelic konkretul sivrcesa da droSi
fiqsirdeba, romlis safuZvelzedac unda momzaddes
da Seiqmnas kidec Jurnalisturi teqsti.
rodesac Jurnalisturi teqstis Seqmna-agebaze
vsaubrobT, ar SeiZleba ar moviSvelioT ilia WavWava-
Zis damokidebuleba publicistikasTan mimarTebaSi.
mwerali da publicisti erT-erT Tavis morig perio-
dul gamocemaze muSaobisas saprogramo werilSi ,,sa-
qarTvelos moambezed” akeTebs daskvnas, rom presisaT-
vis umTavresi sakiTxi Cveni yoveldRiuri yofa da
cxovrebaa, misi warmatebuli Tu warumatebeli nabijis
dRis samsjavroze gamotana, qveynisa da xalxis samsaxu-
ria: ,,Cveni mizani qarTveli xalxis cxovrebaa, misi gam-
jobineba Cveni pirveli da ukanaskneli survilia”(1-1).
es aris swored publicisturi teqstis arsi — simarT-
lesa da samarTlianobaze aRmocenebuli obieqturi

21
WeSmariteba, radgan simarTlisSemcveli informacia
sintaqtikuri, semantikuri da pragmatikuli adekvatu-
robis umniSvnelovanesi pirobaa. ,,kacobriobisaTvis
STagoneba uxsovari droidan aris cnobili“(2-1), ami-
tom, Jurnalisti unda ecados, auditoriam sinamdvile
damaxinjebulad ar aRiqvas. mxedvelobaSia pirveladi
Setyobinebis fenomeni. pirvelad miwodebuli informa-
cia meti efeqturobiT gamoirCeva, ufro damaxsovreba-
dia, da Sesabamisad, konkretuli adamianis warmodgena-
Sic gamorCeul adgils imkvidrebs. Jurnalistebi ro-
desac cdiloben maT mierve daSvebuli Secdomis gaswo-
rebas imave arxiT, didi efeqti aRar moaqvs, radgan Se-
mecnebis procesSi darwmuneba gacilebiT martivia,
vidre gadarwmuneba.
publicistur teqstSi realur sinamdvilesTan
erTad Jurnalistis piradi, subieqturi Sexedulebis
modelirebac xdeba. modelireba damfuZneblis, redaq-
toris da sazogadoebis interesTa da SexedulebaTa
erTobliobas gulisxmobs. faqtiurad, es aris Jurna-
listis sinamdvilesTan damokidebulebis materiali-
zebuli saxe, rodesac ideaSi arsebuli sinamdvile teq-
stad realizdeba. zogadad, ama Tu im Sinaarsisa Tu xa-
siaTis informacia sazogadoebaSi imis Sesabamis gan-
cdas amkvidrebs, ris (vis) Sesaxebac aris saubari teq-
stSi. cxovrebiseuli sakiTxebis gaazreba-gaanalize-
bis unaris gamomuSaveba sazogadoebisaTvis umniSvne-
lovanesia imave sazogadoebaSi jansaRi demokratiuli
procesebis ganviTarebisaTvis. Jurnalistika cxovre-
biseul faqtebsa da movlenebs akvirdeba, aRwers da aa-
nalizebs, amasTan cdilobs adamianuri urTierTobebis
problematikis CvenebiT swori orientacia aCvenos au-
ditorias. amitomac Jurnalistis `subieqturi sinam-
dvilis~ modelireba realurad arsebulis sazRvrebs

22
ar unda gascdes. ,,yoveli teqsti yofili saqcielia,
axal miswrafebaTa da qcevaTa aRmZvreli, xolo teqsti
sxva araferia, Tu ara sityva“(3-1). damwyebma Jurnalis-
tma kargad unda icodes, rom informaciis Ziebis sawyi-
si, fundamenturi etapi movlenebze Tvalis gadevnebaa,
konkretuli faqt(eb)isa da movlen(eb)is analizi da
dakvirvebaa. aqedan gamomdinare, ramdenad adekvaturia
teqsti, xSirad auditoriis gansasazRvria. samwuxa-
rod, auditoriis didi nawili ukritikod Rebulobs
Jurnalisturi teqstebis umravlesobas. Sesabamisad
irRveva ukuprocesic. ar xerxdeba dadgena informaci-
am moaxdina Tu ara zemoqmedeba, aris Tu ara Sedegi da
a.S. Setyobineba, masobrivi auditoriisTvis, qmnis gar-
kveuli donis damajereblobisa da sarwmunoobis
efeqts. amdenad, Jurnalistis mier miwodebuli mesiji,
ar unda gascdes sinamdvilis sazRvrebs. Tu ase moxda,
teqsti mxolod nawilobriv aRwevs Tavis mizans. Jurna-
listis Sedegianoba sabolood swored ukuprocesis
saSualebiT mowmdeba...
publicisturi saqmianobis ,,TaviseburebaTa” daufle-
ba Jurnalisturi profesionalizmis amosavali werti-
lia. amitomac, Jurnalistis damokidebuleba sinamdvi-
lesTan mimarTebaSi mravalmxrivia. pirvel rigSi Jur-
nalistisa da damfuZneblis interesTa Tanxvedraa au-
cilebeli, Semdgom movlenebisa da faqtebis SerCevisa
da interpretirebisa, aseve sxvadasxva socialur in-
stitutTa interesebis gaanalizeba-gansazRvrisa, ro-
melsac fexdafex sdevs Temis SerCeva-gansazRvris
procesi, erTi mizaniT: faqtobrivi masalebis safuZ-
velze mniSvnelovani wvrilmanebis gamokveTiT erTi
mTliani publikaciis Seqmna da mitana masobriv audi-
toriamde.

23
 SesaZloa, sxvadasxva poziciis mixedviT erTi da igi-
ve movlena sxvadasxvanairad aRiqmebodes. amitomac Te-
mis SerCevis procesi moiazrebs auditoriis ganwyobisa
da damokidebulebis gaTvaliswinebas konkretul faq-
tsa Tu movlenaze. ,,praqtikuli moRvaweobisas Jurna-
listi umeteswilad TviTon qmnis publicistur nawar-
moebs...“(4-1). sworedac, rom konkretul pirs, am Sem-
TxvevaSi damwyeb Jurnalists - mis niWierebas, diplo-
matiur, fsiqologiur, filosofiur SesaZleblobebs,
aqvs gadamwyveti mniSvneloba TviT damfuZneblis inte-
resebzec ki. amitomac, pativi eciT da mieciT asparezi
sakuTar Jurnalistur SesaZleblobebs, magram ar unda
gadaizardos es yvelaferi Jinianobasa da angarebaSi.
niWieri Jurnalisti arasodes elodeba, is eZiebs
da poulobs kidec. movlenebis winmswrebi, cxovrebis
epicentrSi myofi Jurnalisti aris masobrivi audito-
riisaTvis yvelaze sando da saintereso pirvelwyaro.
Jurnalisturi masalis literaturuli damuSave-
ba aris saboloo procesi mopovebuli, gaanalizebuli
da gadamowmebuli informaciis publicistur teqstad
Camoyalibebisa masobriv auditoriamde misatanad.

literatura:

1. T.jologua, qarTuli Jurnalistikis istoria, Tb.

2013,gv.211
2. S. gagoSiZe, Jurnalistikis safuZvlebi, Tb. 1996, gv.108
3. r. surgulaZe, Jurnalistikamcodneobis safuZvlebi,
Tb.1996, gv.50
4. v. mWedliSvili, Jurnalistikis Teoria da praqtika,
Tb.1999, gv.19

24
 III

socialuri pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxebi

Jurnalisturi saqmianobis sulier da zneobriv

Rirebulebebze diskusia didi xnis winaT daiwyo.
eTikuri normebis damkvidreba profesiul saqmianoba-
Si aucilebel moTxovnilebad gadaiqca. igulisxmeba
qcevis im wesebisa da normebis dakanoneba, romelic
gansazRvravs Jurnalistebis damokidebulebas profe-
siuli midgomisadmi da sazogadoebrivi kriteriumebi-
sadmi. ,,Jurnalistis profesiaSi profesionalizmi da
eTika ganuyofelia iseve, rogorc bzuili da buzi”,
_ werda argentineli mwerali Ggabriel garsia mar-
kesi Tavis eseSi ,,saukeTeso saqme amqveynad“(1-1),  ro-
melic Jurnalistikis problemebs Seexeboda.
ras niSnavs cneba eTika da rogor unda iqnas ga-
gebuli is dReisaTvis? ,,moxelis samagido leqsikonSi”
(Tb.,2004) eTika ganmartebulia, rogorc ,,Cveuleba, xa-
siaTi, zne, azrovnebis wesi 1. filosofiuri moZRvreba
moralis Sesaxeb, romelic Seiswavlis moralis warmo-
Sobas, mis arss da formebs. mag. hegelis eTika, materia-
listuri eTika da sxv. normatiuli eTikis sagans war-
moadgens moraluri ideali, faseulobebi da moTxovne-
bi, maTi funqcionirebis Taviseburebebi; socialuri
eTika zneobriobas Seiswavlis socialuri cxovrebis
TvalTaxedvis kuTxiT; individualuri eTika Seiswav-
lis pirovnebis moralur cxovrebas; 2. pirovnebis, sa-
zogadoebrivi an profesiuli jgufis zneobrivi nor-
mebis sistema. mag. saeqimo eTika; 3.biosamedicino eTika,
bioeTika - disciplinaTaSorisi kvlevis dargi, rome-

25
lic warmoiSva medicinaze mecnierul-teqnikuri prog-
resis gavlenis Sedegad. bioeTikis sagans warmoadgens
eqimisa da pacientis urTierTobebis, jandacvis sfe-
roSi socialuri politikis, adamianis organoebis
transplantaciis, mSobiarobis axali teqnologiebisa
da a.S. eTikuri problemebi”. ,,ucxo sityvaTa leqsiko-
nis“ (1989w. gamocema) mixedviT eTika aris 1.filosofi-
uri moZRvreba moralis, zneobis- rogorc sazogadoeb-
rivi Segnebis erT-erTi formis- Sesaxeb. mag; hegelis
eTika. materialisturi eTika; 2. romelime klasis, gar-
kveuli sazogadoebrivi wris, profesiis warmomadge-
nelTa yofaqcevis normebi, morali. mag; eqimis eTika.
mecnieruli eTika”. Jurnalistikis mkvlevarebi
msgavsi saqmianobis sawyis etapad miiCneven XVII sau-
kunes, rodesac evropeli demokrati mwerlebi da li-
teratorebi aseve msjelobdnen literaturul aspa-
rezze arsebul problematikaze, rodesac Tavisufali
sityva Tanabrad iyo miuRebeli Zalmomreobasa da si-
sastikeze damyarebuli reJimebisaTvis da gza eRobe-
boda azris Tavisuflad gadaadgilebasa da moZraobas
civilizaciis gzaze mdgari qveynebis mcxovrebTaTvis.
sawyis etapze Seqmnili da miRebuli eTikis am Tavise-
buri kodeqsis Sesabamisad Jurnalisti ar iqneba sa-
zogadoebis mxridan dafasebuli, arc avtoritetu-
li da reitinguli, Tu is amaxinjebs movlenaTa WeS-
marit suraTs, iZleva faqtebis araswor interpre-
tirebas, aqcenti mxolod negativze aqvs gadatani-
li, iyenebs mkveTr gamoTqmebs vinmes mimarT da sa-
Tanado safuZvlis gareSe Seuracyofs pirovnebis
Rirsebasa da pativs, Zabavs viTarebas da xels uw-

26
yobs sazogadoebaSi negatiuri Sexedulebebis, daman-
greveli ideebis gavrcelebas.
dro midioda. TandaTanobiT zustdeboda da ixve-
weboda Jurnalisturi kriteriumebi, rasac Sedegad
profesionalizmis niSnulis matebac fexdafex hyvebo-
da xolme. eSxsa da lazaTs iZenda aseve Tavisuflebasa
da cnobismoyvareobas atacebuli Jurnalistika da
samwuxarod Zalian bevrma Jurnalistma, visac swored
misi dacva da gafrTxileba esaWiroeboda, swored maT
daiwyes im normebidan da qcevis wesebidan gadaxveva,
rac adre sxva bevrma maTma msgavsma Jurnalistma wesad
da normad miiRo da daamkvidra. Jurnalistebis mxri-
dan mravaljer daarRveuli eTikuri wesebis ugule-
belyofam meoce saukunis dasasrulisaTvis gamoiwvia
masobrivi auditoriis ndobis mniSvnelovani defici-
ti Jurnalisturi sityvisadmi. sazogadoeba ratom-
Rac Zveleburad aRar ijerebda da aRarc endoboda Ta-
namedrove axali ambebis urTulesi socialuri kata-
klizmebisa da politikuri daZabulobis fanjaraSi
SeeWvrita, radgan iq sinaTlisa da simarTlis Suqis pa-
wawina sxivsac ki ver SeamCnevda. samwuxarod, amgvarma
damokidebulebam aCvena, Tu ramdenad saxifaTo ia-
raRia informacia da rogor SeuZlia mas manipuli-
reba sazogadoebrivi cnobierebiT.
TandaTanobiT sazogadoebam dainaxa da gaigo,
rom masmedia mTel rig qveynebSi samwuxarod gamoiye-
neboda rogorc politikuri brZolis iaraRi, saSua-
leba,PriTac privilegirebuli fenebi sakuTar Sexedu-
lebebsa da interesebs icaven. msgavsi midgomebi SeiniS-
neboda da ikveTeboda rogorc beWdur, aseve samauwyeb-
lo mediasaSualebebSi. adamianebi amCnevdnen, rom xSi-

27
rad sruliad usafuZvlod iwyeboda ,,mtris xatis”
Seqmna. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, garkveuli Jurna-
listebis mxridan gamoiZebna konkretuli braldebe-
bi im rTuli politikuri da ekonomikuri situaciis
jer Sesaqmnelad, mere amave situaciis gadasafarad,
romelSic aRmoCndnen mTeli rigi saxelmwifoebi, maT
Soris saqarTveloc. rogorc praqtikam gviCvena, aman
negatiuri gavlena moaxdina mravali adamianis cno-
bierebaze- ganurCevlad erovnebisa, mrwamsisa, kultu-
ruli faseulobebisa... Cvens SemTxvevaSi saqarTvelo
aris Taviseburad unikaluri saxelmwifo, romlis
teritoriazec cxovrobs mravali eTnikuri jgufis
warmomadgeneli da aseT dros Zalze mniSvnelovania,
Jurnalistebma gamoavlinon obieqturobisa da to-
lerantobis maqsimumi TavianT publikaciebSi, rom-
lebic Seexeba nacionalur sakiTxebs...
realoba aCvenebs, rom am mimarTulebiT kvlavac
bevria gasakeTebeli da samuSao. mediagavlenebi teqni-
kur progresTan erTad cvlilebebs kvlavac ganicdis
da rac ufro win mivdivarT, problemebi matulobs,
vidre klebulobs. amitomac mTel rig qveynebSi kvla-
vac mimdinareobs SemuSaveba im sakanonmdeblo aqte-
bisa, romlebic daazusteben da gansazRvraven Jurna-
listikis zemoqmedebisa da gavlenis sferoebsa da
SesaZleblobebs. Tumca amYmxvriv kvlavac aqtiurobs
da mowinave poziciaze imyofeba socialuri pasuxis-
mgeblobis Teoria, romlis Sesabamisad zogadad, ara
mxolod media akontrolebs saxelisuflebo struq-
turebs, raTa gaarkvios Tu ra aris maT saqmianobaSi
pozitiuri-sargeblis momtani qveynisTvis, e.i. konkre-
tuli pirovnebisTvis da ras moaqvs sazogadoebisaT-

28
vis ziani, aramed Tavis mxvriv TviTon mediasaSuale-
bas unda akontrolebdes sazogadoeba, ubralo
mkiTxvelebi, msmenelebi, mayureblebi da TviT pub-
likaciebSi, siuJetebSi warmodgenili pirebi, romle-
bic swored unda gansazRvravdnen da iZleodnen dakve-
Tebs igive mediamesveurebisaTvis.
ganviTarebuli demokratiis pirobebSi, sadac
sityvis Tavisufleba maqsimalurad daculia, yvelam
kargad icis, rogor da ranairad unda moiqces, raze
moeTxoveba pasuxi da risi ufleba-movaleobani akis-
ria. amgvari pasuxismgeblobis meti wili swored Jur-
nalistikasa da Jurnalistebze unda modiodes da
upirveles yovlisa, obieqturad swored Jurnalist-
ma unda Seafasos arsebuli realoba, gaakeTos logi-
kuri daskvnebi da awon-dawonos is efeqti, romel-
sac mis mier miwodebuli masala gamoiwvevs. erTi
mxvriv, Jurnalistis amocanaa_miitanos informacia
momxmareblamde, Mmeore mxvriv, is pasuxismgebelia
imaze, Tu ras gamoiwvevs warmodgenili faqtebi.
Jurnalisturi eTikis erT-erTi mTavari wesis mixed-
viT, ar SeiZleba pirovnebis moqalaqeobrivi ufle-
bebis darRveva, ar SeiZleba adamianebis pirad cxov-
rebaSi da maT profesiul saidumloebaSi SeWra maTi
cnobisa da Tanxmobis gareSe. Aaris, ra Tqma unda,
gansakuTrebuli SemTxvevebi_Jurnalisturi gamoZie-
bebi, romelTa valdebulebaa gamoavlinon sazogado-
ebaSi arsebuli negatiuri movlenebis mizezebi. Mmag-
ram mTlianobaSi, unda gvaxsovdes, ukeTesia msxver-
plad gaviRoT sensaciuri faqti, vidre ziani mivaye-
noT da SeuracvyoT adamianis piradi Rirseba. samwuxa-
rod kvlavac xSiria Jurnalistebis araprofesionalu-

29
ri da araadeqvaturi qcevebi, profesiuli donis da-
mamdablebeli da Seuferebeli damokidebulebebi ro-
gorc konkretul faqtebTan da movlenebTan, aseve sa-
zogadoebasTan mimarTebaSi. xSir SemTxvevaSi, msgavsi
problemebi gamowveulia masobrivi auditoriis rao-
denobriv da Tvisobriv zrdaze, romelSic yvela sa-
Sualeba gamoiyeneba, oRond gadarCe, radganac adap-
tirebadi samyaro Tanabrad isrutavs da itevs yvela-
fers, xolo misi gadamuSavebis procesi aravis aRar
adardebs; dro ukan ar ixedeba, amitomac problemebsac
warsulSi tovebs da es Tavsatexi im Taobis amosaxsnel
amocanad rCeba, vinc swored warsulidan modis. eTiku-
ri aspeqtis safrTxe xSirad mitomac ukavSirdeba
swored informaciis mopovebis arakoreqtul qce-
vebs, miuRebel saSualebebs, sxarti gamonaTqvamebiT
gatacebas, sensaciisaken miswrafebas. es yovelive war-
suls adardebs mxolod, radgan warsulSive rCeba ro-
gorc wadilisa da survilis ganuxorcielebeli nadav-
li. Tanamedrove sazogadoebaSi garToba da ,,popula-
ruli“ masmedia axla ufro saWiro gaxda, vidre odes-
me. samwuxarod Tu sabednierod am funqciasac umTav-
resad isev media asrulebs. momxmarebeli mediisgan
am mimarTulebiT gaaqtiurebasac ki ufro moelis,
vidre sxva rames. dReisaTvis erT-erTi udidesi ro-
li am mimarTulebiT modis swored reklamaze. gayid-
va media reklamis gavrcelebis mTavari saSualebaa.
aqedan gamomdinare, media saSualebebis mesakuTreTa
umTavresi mizani Zalian xSirad aris sazogadoebis
cduneba da Semdeg reklamis ganmTavseblebisaTvis
farTis an drois miyidva. isini cdiloben reklamis-
Tvis xelsayreli garemos Seqmnas. zogierTs reklama

30
pozitiur samsaxurs uwevs: uzrunvelyofs informa-
ciiT, moxmarebisa da konkurenciis stimulirebis
gziT iwvevs fasebis (mediis fasebis CaTvliT) var-
dnas. kritikosebi ki piriqiT Tvlian, rom reklami-
reba iwvevs adamianebiT manipulirebas, garemos da-
binZurebasa da saxsrebis flangvas.
amdenad Tavidanve erTmaneTisagan fundamentu-
rad unda gavmijnoT media, romelic informirebazea
orientirebuli da media, romelic sazogadoebrivi
azris formirebaze akeTebs fokusirebas. eTikuri
normebis dacva, pirvel rigSi, nebismieri mediasaSua-
lebis valia, rac mniSvnelovnad ganapirobebs mediis
miukerZoeblobas. arsebobs mosazreba, rom Tvalsaz-
riss, eTikuri iqneba is Tu politikuri, ideologi-
uri safuZvlis gamo SeuZlia damaxinjebulad warmo-
aCinos realoba, bundovnad gadmosces ideebi, iyos
usamarTlo an Seuracmyofelic ki. amitomac, eTiku-
ri norma ar unda efuZnebodes mcdar faqtebs, an
aRvivebdes rasobriv siZulvils da Zaladobas. sam-
wuxarod, dReisaTvis Jurnalistikasa da garTobas
Soris zRvari sul ufro bundovani xdeba. Sesabami-
sad popularuli presis gadaxra gasarTobisaken da
komercializaciisaken maT umetesobas `Sou-biznesad~
qcevis survils umZafrebs. amitomacaa axali ambebi
xSirad saintereso, magram araaqtualuri da piri-
qiT.
saerTod, mediis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani funq-
cia sazogadoebaSi codnisa da ganaTlebis uzrunvel-
yofacaa. is am mxvriv SesaniSnav samsaxurs uwevs sa-
zogadoebas. magram ar unda movaxdinoT maTi erTma-
neTSi aRreva, miT ufro, rom maTi miznebic gansxva-

31
vebulia: erTis mxriv, zusti da saWiro axali ambe-
biT uzrunvelyofa da meores mxriv, garToba, rome-
lic arc calkeul individebs vnebs da arc sazoga-
doebas. nebismier SemTxvevaSi sityvisa da presis Ta-
visufleba mxolod mediis prerogativa ar aris: es
ufleba zogadad sazogadoebas, xalxs, adamianebs
ekuTvnis. miuxedavad amisa yvelas kargad esmis, rom
media gavlenas axdens sazogadoebriv azrze da mi-
siT manipulirebs“(2-1). eTikur kriteriumebsa da medi-
agavlenebze saubrisas ar unda dagvaviwydes, rom saqme
gvaqvs or damoukidebel sferosTan da maTi erTma-
neTisagan gamijvna erTob mniSvnelovania. kanonmdeb-
lobis safuZvelze mediis problemebis gadawyveta
yovelTvis xifaTs Seicavs. amas mravali mizezi aqvs:
kanoni mxolod imdenadaa efeqturi, ramdenadac amis
saSualebas socialur-politikuri garemo iZleva.
ama Tu im mTavrobam SeiZleba, konkretuli sakanon-
mdeblo normis araerTgvarovani interpretireba mo-
axdinos mediis Sesustebis an CaCumebis mizniT. ka-
nons, romelic an zedmetad gaugebaria an zedmetad
zusti, gacilebiT meti zianis motana SeuZlia, vid-
re sikeTis. ,,zogierTi JurnalistisaTvis terminebs
`morali~ da `eTika~ arasasiamovno gancda aqvT. es
terminebi maTSi qadagebis, filosofiis gakveTile-
bis da totalitaruli reJimebis `moraluri wese-
bis~ asociaciebs aRZravs. `morali~ da `eTika~ Ziri-
Tadad ararelevanturad gamoiyureba iseT samyaro-
Si, sadac umkacresi konkurenciis pirobebSi media
TandaTan ufro komerciuli xdeba“(2-2). media Tana-
medrove sazogadoebis Zalzed rTuli socialuri
sistemis nawilia. mTlianobaSi is uzarmazari cocxa-
li organizmis msgavsad moqmedebs. misi yoveli ele-

32
menti sxva elementebzea damokidebuli. erTi qvesis-
temis naklovanebam SesaZloa, gamoiwvios mTeli me-
qanizmis saTanado funqcionirebis moSla. garda ami-
sa, mxedvelobaSia misaRebi mediis sammagi buneba,
gansakuTrebiT eTikasTan mimarTebaSi. is, rom media
erTdroulad warmoadgens warmoebas, sazogadoebriv
samsaxursa da politikur instituts, mas orazrovan
statuss aniWebs. es faqtori ki mediasTan dakavSi-
rebuli rigi problemebis safuZvelia.
masobrivi komunikaciis Sedegad pirvelad is-
toriaSi SesaZlebelia yvela moqalaqem miiRos mona-
wileoba sakuTari qveynis marTvaSi. es yovelive Se-
saZlebeli gaxda swored mediis industriuli struq-
turis ganeiTarebis Sedegad. me-20 saukunis dasawyis-
Si dasavleTis qveynebSi umsxvilesi kapitaldabande-
bebis Sedegad mediis didi nawili msxvili biznesis
xelSi moeqca, romlis pirdapir mizans sazogadoeb-
rivi samsaxuri ar warmoadgens. cnobili amerikeli
ekonomistis milton fridmanis azriT, `biznesis
upirvelesi da erTaderTi socialuri movaleoba
mogebis gazrdaa“(3-1), igulisxmeba media industriis
xarjebis regularuli zrda (mediis warmomadgenel-
Ta xelfasebis mateba da teqnikuri progresis Sesa-
bamisad gazrdili investiciebi). cxadia, rac ufro
meti finansuri resursi aqvs medias, miT ukeTes sam-
saxurs SesTavazebs sazogadoebas, magram sazogado-
ebriv interesebs SeiZleba safrTxe daemuqros, roca
medias konglomerati STanTqavs. uzarmazari poli-
tikuri Zalauflebis koncentrireba mcirericxovan
adamianTa xelSi mTavar miznad sazogadoebis infor-
mirebas ar daisaxavs. adamianebi, romlebic aravis
winaSe angariSvaldebulebas ar grZnoben, floben Za-

33
lauflebas gadawyviton, Tu ra xdeba msoflioSi,
radgan SeuZliaT gansazRvron, SesaZloa Tu ara ama
Tu im movlenis mediaSi gaSuqeba.
ufleba da movaleoba erTgvarad ganuyofeli
cnebebia, magram adamianebs ratomRac uxariaT moiT-
xovon uflebebi da araferi Tqvan movaleobebze. me-
dia eTikis mTavari interesi ki swored movaleobebs
ukavSirdeba. mas kargad esmis, rom Tavisufleba da
pasuxismgebloba udidesi faseulobebia, romlebic
uerTmaneTod faqtiurad ar arseboben. amdenad, Jurna-
listikis roli da mniSvneloba Tanamedrove sazoga-
doebriv cxovrebaSi umniSvnelovanesia. igi warmoad-
gens sazogadoebisaTvis yvelaze mniSvnelovani da
saintereso ambebis mopovebis, calkeuli specifiku-
ri Jurnalisturi arxis sinamdvileSi gadawyvetil,
damuSavebul da mzamzareuli saxiT miwodebul si-
namdviles, romelic umal eqceva sazogadoebis udi-
desi nawilis yuradRebis qveS. igive sazogadoeba,
Jurnalisturi informaciidan gamomdinare, iqmnis
garkveul azrs, Sexedulebasa Tu warmodgenas mis-
Tvis saintereso Temaze. Eese igi, saqme gvaqvs metad
rTul, winaaRmdegobriv procesTan erTi mxvriv imis
gamo, rom masobrivi auditoria Rebulobs Tavissave
wiaRSi arsebuli faqtebisa da movlenebis irgvliv
kargad modelirebul masalas, Sesabamisi Janrobrivi
samoseliT da meore mxvriv, igive auditorias ar Za-
luZs amave informaciis gareSe. rac ufro tevadia
informaciuli TvalsazrisiT teqsti, imdenad da
imis Sesabamisia auditoriis adeqvaturobis xarisxi.
interesi da miswrafeba axali informaciisadmi ne-
bismieri donis auditoriisaTvis gansakuTrebulia.
am TvalsazrisiT, SeiZleba iTqvas, asaks zRvari ara

34
aqvs. oRondac, aseT dros mniSvneloba namdvilad
eniWeba asakis mixedviT interesTa diferencirebas.
SeiZleba gaCndes kiTxva, Tu ra iwvevs adamianis am-
gvar dainteresebas axali informaciiT? ra magnitu-
ri Zala gaaCnia siaxles, romlis gancdis wyurvili
kacobriobas daarsebidan dRemde ufro da ufro me-
tad izidavs? swrafva siaxlisadmi, rogorc Cans,
adamians genetikurad mosdgams. yoveli axali dRis
gaTeneba konkretuli pirisaTvis siaxlisa da sinaT-
lis SegrZnebis mZafri wyurviliT xasiaTdeba. ase
gamodis, yovel axal movlenas, yovel axal azrs, pi-
rovneba sakuTar msoflmxedvelobriv cvlilebad,
sakuTari gonebrivi SesaZleblobebis zrdad, pirad
cxovrebaSi wingadadgmul nabijad miiCnevs, an Tun-
dac sakuTar keTildReobad aRiqvams, megobrebTan
da nacnobebTan urTierTobis axal, maRal safexu-
rad gansazRvravs, an piradi janmrTelobis gaumjobe-
sebas ukavSirebs? informirebuli, siaxleebs dauf-
lebuli adamiani sazogadoebis mxridan gansakuTre-
bul yuradRebas grZnobs, ,,gaxsnili“ da komunikabe-
luria. advilad Zlevs irgvliv arsebul winaaRmde-
gobebs, erTi sityviT, informaciiT aRWurvili ada-
miani zegavlenas axdens sazogadoebaze. sazogadoeb-
rivi azris formirebis procesSi Jurnalistis pozi-
cias xSirad gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs, amitomac,
pasuxismgebloba Jurnalistisa gacilebiT maRalia.
mas unda esmodes, rom mopovebuli informacia siax-
lesTan erTad sxva aucilebel Jurnalistur elemen-
tebsac unda moicavdes, rom tendenciuri damokidebu-
leba sazogadoebaSi zrdis movlenisa Tu faqtis
arasworad gagebis albaTobas da dapirispirebisa Tu

35
eWvianobis safuZvels.Aamis naTel dasturad SeiZle-
ba miviCnioT XXI- saukunis damdegisaTvis Jurnalis-
tebis misamarTiT sazogadoebis mxridan erTgvari
imedgacrueba, rac gamowveulia maT mier sazogadoe-
bisaTvis araswori, tendenciuri, gadaumowmebeli in-
formaciis miwodebiT. amdenad arCevani ualternati-
voa _ obieqturi informacia, maRalprofesionalur
doneze damuSavebuli, balansis sruli dacviT, radgan
garkveuli wlebis (iqneb saukuneebisac) Semdgom mo-
mavali Taobebi warsulis gaanalizebisas ar iqnen
SecdomaSi Seyvanili da saSviliSvilo codvis Camde-
ni ar aRmoCndes Jurnalisti. Tanamedrove socia-
lur-politikurma procesebma sagrZnoblad Secvala
damokidebuleba Jurnalistebisa da zogadad Jurna-
listikisadmi. es nawilobriv gamowveulia im infor-
maciuli bumiT, romelic dRes sazogadoebis winaSe
arsebobs. codva gamxelili sjobs, aRiniSnos, rom
araprofesionalizmis moZalebam TviT Jurnalistur
wreebSic gaaCina eWvi da undobloba, dapirispireba
da gaugebroba rigi informaciis gagebasa Tu inter-
pretirebaSi, aman ki gacilebiT gaarTula sazogadoe-
bis damokidebuleba da ganwyoba amave profesiisadmi.
gasuli saukunis 80-iani wlebidan moyolebuli
evropul samauwyeblo sivrceSi saxelmwifo monopo-
liisa da kontrolis dasasrulma beber kontinentze
demokratiis done sagrZnoblad gaaumjobesa da me-
diis ganviTarebasac Seuwyo xeli. Mmagram me-20 sau-
kunis miwuruls mediis mzardi komercializaciisa
da sakuTrebis koncentraciis Tanaarseboba mediis
pluralizmTan saTuo gaxda. konglomeracia arasa-
xarbielo konteqstia mediisaTvis aucilebeli damo-
ukideblobis uzrunvelsayofad. mediis mizani ver

36
iqneba mxolod fulis keTeba, iseve rogorc, mxo-
lod Tavisufleba: Tavisufleba aucilebelia, mag-
ram ar aris sakmarisi. ,,mediis amocanaa, kargad emsa-
xuros yvela moqalaqes“(4-1). miuxedavad imisa, rom
yvelgan, maT Soris dasavleTSi, kerZo media didi
xania politikuri TavisuflebiT sargeblobs, igi
xSirad sakmaod cud serviss sTavazobs sazogadoe-
bas. Jurnalistebis mxridan ki profesiuli eTikis
normebidan gadaxveva sworedac safuZvelia aseTi
gaugebrobebis gaCenisa. rodesac Jurnalisti saku-
Tari araprofesionalizmis xarjze cdilobs yurad-
Rebis mipyrobas da ar erideba iseTi masalebis ga-
moqveynebas, romelic saWiroebs gadamowmebas, da-
zustebas, miukerZoeblobas, balanss, profesionali
eqspertebis Sefasebebebs. daswrebis principiT moq-
medi Jurnalisti arafrad dagidevs eTikur normebs
da aqveynebs iseTi xasiaTisa Tu Sinaarsis Semcvel
masalas, romelic advilad iWreba sensacias gadevne-
buli sazogadoebis fsiqikaSi. demokratiul institu-
tebs Soris Jurnalistika gansakuTrebulia. mis sta-
tuss ar gansazRvravs socialuri kontrasti. amito-
mac, medias balansisa da miukerZoeblobis SenarCune-
bisaTvis sWirdeba upirvelesi movaleobis Sesruleba:
uzrunvelyos kargi sazogadoebrivi advokatireba.
gavrcelebulia azri, TiTqos Jurnalistebs kriti-
kuli xasiaTis Semcveli statiebis wera ufro exer-
xebaT, vidre dadebiTze yuradRebis gamaxvileba.
samwuxaro faqtia, magram realobaa. davijeroT, rom
sazogadoebis yuradReba swored iseTi Sinaarsis
mqone masalebze maxvildeba, rodesac aqcenti kri-
tikaze keTdeba? riT aixsneba es? adamianis dauokebe-

37
li interesi siaxlisadmi kritikaSi poulobs gagrZe-
lebas. iq, sadac kritikaa, movlenebi met-naklebad
dinamikaSi viTardeba, procesi mimdinareobs, avtori
mkiTxvels ganawyobs ise, rom werilis wakiTxvis Sem-
deg igive movlenasa Tu faqtze raime siaxles kvla-
vac elodeba. swored movlenebsa da faqtebze-siax-
leebze Tvalyuris midevnebis survili saWiroebs di-
namikur azrovnebas, romelic Tavis mxvriv ganapiro-
bebs meti interesis warmoSobas sazogadoebaSi. da-
debiT tendenciebze daweril masalas auditoria
aRiqvams, rogorc ukve gasul movlenasa Tu faqts.
es misTvis dinamikaSi SeTavazebuli siaxle aRaraa.
aseTi faqti Tu movlena ukve iyo, moxda, da es kar-
gia, magram dasrulda. momxdarisadmi interesi nakle-
bad sainteresoa, Sesabamisad naklebefeqturic. kri-
tikuli xasiaTis publikaciebisa Tu siuJetebis Sem-
TxvevaSi sazogadoeba elodeba kvlavac ,,axal“ pa-
suxs an kritikis obieqtis mxridan, an sulac igive
Jurnalistis mxridan. swored ,,molodinis reJimSi”
myofi sazogadoebrivi muxti aris TavidaTavi in-
formaciis xelmeored miRebis mZafri wyurvilisa.
Tanamedrove Jurnalistur saqmianobaSi ori mniSvne-
lovani problema ikveTeba: erTi, rodesac Jurnalis-
tis profesiuli movaleobaa gaaSuqos qveyanaSi mim-
dinare movlenebi da meore, miwodebuli informacia
vnebs saxelmwifo interess, an laxavs pirovnebis pi-
rad uflebasa da Tavisuflebas. rogor unda moiqces
Jurnalisti? ra ufro mniSvnelovania misTvis? ezia-
ros auditoria siaxles da gasces saxelmwifoebri-
vad sapasuxismgeblo, strategiulad mniSvnelovani in-
formacia, romelic safrTxis Semcvelia da saziano

38
qveynis interesebisa, an Seuracmyofelia da Semlaxve-
li pirovnebis Rirsebisa da Tavisuflebisa? Tu daiviw-
yos ,,profesiuli vali“? Jurnalistika ,,meoTxe xeli-
suflebaa”, gvesmis aseTi gamoTqma. es niSnavs Jurna-
listis, Jurnalistikis gazrdil rols sazogadoeb-
rivi cxovrebis yvela sferoSi. Jurnalistebi avrce-
leben, asajaroeben informacias politikasa da eko-
nomikaze, kulturasa da xelovnebaze, mwerlobasa da
musikaze, medicinasa da sportze da yvela im movle-
nasa Tu faqtze, romelic Cveni cxovrebis Tanamde-
via. vin Caaxedebs sazogadoebis TiToeul wevrs
axal movlenebsa da ambebSi, Tu ara media? magram me-
diis uvargisoba maTac ki vnebs, visac sainformacio
saSualebebze pasuxismgebloba akisria. mediamflobe-
lebi TiTqmis yvelgan uCivian auditoriis raodeno-
bis Semcirebas. reklamis ganmTavseblebic samarTli-
anad gamoTqvamen wuxils im media saSualebebis san-
doobasTan dakavSirebiT, sadac isini ganaTavseben
reklamas. mediis mzardi orientacia mogebaze xels
uwyobs axali ambebis damaxinjebasa da vulgaruli
gasarTobis siWarbes, an orives aRrevas. ese igi, ra
gamodis? Jurnalistikisa da Jurnalistebis gareSe
yovelgvari masobrivi ,,siaxle” miuwvdomelia. masob-
rivi siaxlis wvdomis survili ki aris sazogadoeb-
rivi moTxovna. mediapublikaciebi adamianur urTier-
Tobebs, maT cxovrebiseul warmatebebsa Tu waruma-
teblobebs, negativsa Tu pozitivs, erTi sityviT
yvelafers erTad aRebuls, rasac Cven cxovrebas ve-
ZaxiT, moicavs. cxovreba ki yovlismomcveli fenome-
nia, sadac mediis mier Seqmnil sazogadoebriv azrs di-

39
di wona aqvs. Jurnalistika swored sazogadoebrivi az-
ris saSualebiT aRwevs meoTxe xelisuflebis Skalamde
da mis iqiT misi uflebebic izRudeba...
iyo dro, rodesac ar hqonda fasi Jurnalistur
saqmianobas, rodesac sazogadoebrivi azri ar iyo ga-
damwyveti, rodesac `daqiravebuli mjRabnelebis~
mTeli kantora gundrukis kmeviT iyo dakavebuli.
dResdReobiT media imdenad srulyofili da yovlis-
momcveli gaxda, mis gareSe warmoudgenelia Tanamed-
rove sazogadoeba. Jurnalistika Tu ki qmnis da aya-
libebs sazogadoebriv azrs, misive saSualebiT mar-
Tavs sazogadoebas anu uyalibebs maT ZiriTad Sexe-
dulebasa da warmodgenas, eseigi Tavadaa xelisuf-
lebaze zemoqmedebisa da zegavlenis momxdenic. ai,
ratom aris dRes ase mniSvnelovani masobrivi in-
formaciis saSualebaTa profesiuli donis amaRleba
da JurnalistTa axali Taobis aRzrda, romelTa
saqmianobis principebi simarTle da obieqturoba, mi-
ukerZoebloba da balansi, maRali profesionalizmi
da pasuxismgeblobaa yoveli sityvisaTvis. 21-e sauku-
nis mediaindustrias kargad esmis, civilizebuli sam-
yaros ganviTarebasa da srulyofaSi Zalian bevria da-
mokidebuli profesionali Jurnalistis pirad
wvlilze da imaze, Tu rogor warmovidgenT Jurna-
listis profesias. Jurnalisturi profesiis sworad
arCeva, cxovrebaSi saimedo gzis povna gulisxmobs
Jurnalistikis aRmocenebis istoriaSi Rrmad Caxed-
vas, codnas imisas ra gza ganvlo dasawyisidan da ganvi-
Tarebis ra etapze imyofeba dRes... ,,Jurnalistika”
rogorc cneba, pirvel rigSi gamoxatavs sazogado-

40
ebrivi moRvaweobis erT-erT saxes, socialuri praq-
tikis sferos, warmoadgens sazogadoebis gansakuT-
rebul socialur instituts, romelic organizaciu-
lad Sedgeba sxvadasxva dawesebulebaTa sistemebisa-
gan da igi ara marto moRvaweobis sazogadoebriv-
politikuri saxea, aramed amasTanave sainformacio,
ideologiuri, organizaciuli da SemoqmedebiTi saq-
mianobis saxecaa”(5-1). Jurnalistika nawarmoebTa sis-
temaa, romlebic mzaddeba da saTanado formas Re-
bulobs garkveuli kanonebis mixedviT gazeTebSi,
JurnalebSi, radioSi, televiziaSi, internetSi. igi
im profesiaTa erTobaa, rac saWiroa masobrivi au-
ditoriisaTvis Sesabamisi aqtualuri informaciis
Sekrebis, damuSavebisa da gavrcelebisaTvis. Jurna-
listika specifikuri saSualebebis sistemaa-presa,
radio, televizia, interneti, romelTa gamoyeneba
Jurnalisturi miznebiT gansazRvravs SemoqmedebiTi
saqmianobis Taviseburebebs. Jurnalistika mecniere-
baa, romlis mizania masobrivi informaciis Teoriisa
da praqtikis Seswavla, misi ganzogadeba. xolo Teo-
riis codnas ki didi mniSvneloba aqvs praqtikuli
saqmianobis srulyofisaTvis.
sityva ,,Jurnalistika” warmodgeba franguli
sityvisagan ,,Jurnali”, rac gulisxmobs dRiurs, ga-
zeTs (franguli ,,jour” niSnavs dRes) da igi Seesabame-
ba inglisur da germanul Jurnalistikas. sityva
,,gazeTis” warmoSoba dakavSirebulia aReb-micemobas-
Tan, fulTan, kerZod italiis qalaq veneciis wvrili
vercxlis fulis ,,gaZetas” saxelwodebasTan. vaWre-
bi, xelosnebi, romelTac ainteresebdnen sxvadasxva
cnobebi politikur Tu sxvadasxva movlenebze, yi-
dulobdnen specialur furclebs, romlebSic axali

41
ambebi iyo gadmocemuli da isini iyideboda wvril
fulze _ gaZetaze. Ppirveli gazeTebi evropaSi ga-
moCndnen 1609 wels germaniaSi, ramdenime wlis Semdeg
1618-1619 wlebSi gazeTebi gamodis amsterdamSi (in-
glisSi). frangul enaze pirveli gazeTi daibeWda 1620
wels. ruseTSi pirvel gazeTad aRiarebulia ,,kuranti”,
romelsac xelnaweris saxiT uSvebdnen, 1621 wlidan, na-
beWdi gazeTi petre I-is brZanebiT gamoica ,,vedomos-
tis” saxelwodebiT 1705 wels (6-1). saqarTveloSi ,,pir-
veli qarTuli gazeTi TbilisSi 1819 wlis 8 marts gamo-
ica. misi saxelwodeba iyo ,,saqarTvelos gazeTi”. igi
warmoadgenda erTaderT periodul gamocemas mTels
kavkasiaSi da amdenad misi roli da mniSvnelobac
Tavidanve metad sapasuxismgeblo da udidesi iyo”(7-
1). adamianTa calkeul jgufebs, erovnebebs, saxel-
mwifoebs Soris informaciis gacvla ramdenime sau-
kunes iTvlis. Tavdapirvelad es xdeboda CiraRdnu-
li signalizaciis, sasignalo dolebis, mZleosnebis
saSualebiT, Semdeg safosto mtredebis, safosto
diliJnebis, ialqniani gemebis meSveobiT. es iyo kav-
Sirgabmulobis arasrulyofili saSualebebi.Aaxla
kavSirgabmulobis Zvel saxeobaTa nacvlad gaCnda
swrafmoqmedi mavTulisa da umavTulo telegrafi,
kosmosuri Tanamgzavrebi da Tu Zvelad axali ambe-
bis gadasacemad araerTi dRe iyo saWiro, axla ami-
saTvis sakmarisia ramodenime wami. informaciis Seg-
rovebisa da gavrcelebis dros beWdviTi sityvis sa-
agentoebi sargebloben kavSirgabmulobis yvela sa-
SualebiT: fostiT, telegrafiT, telefoniT, radio-
Ti, televiziiT, internetiT. amaTgan satelegfono
kavSiri ZiriTadia.M...mravali saukunis winaT wignebs
werdnen papirusze, qaRaldze, tyavze, etratze, ar-

42
yis xis qerqsa da sxva masalaze. Ees wesi erTob
zRudavda wignis gavrcelebas da gamravlebas da
isini didi iSviaToba, ubralo adamianisaTvis miuw-
vdomeli iyo.... XV saukunis pirvel naxevarSi germa-
nelma iohan gutenbergma wignebis dasabeWdad cal-
keuli literebi, (stamburi nadnobisagan Camosxmuli
marTkuTxa Zelaki, romlis zeda nawilze aris asob-
geris an niSnis reliefuri Sebrunebuli gamosaxu-
leba) gamoiyena. aman SesaZlebeli gaxada wignebis Se-
darebiT didi raodenobiT gamoSveba. Ees aris swo-
red sityva ,,poligrafiis” mniSvneloba. igi warmoiS-
va berZnuli sityvebidan ,,poli”_bevri da ,,gra-
fo”_vwer. Ggutenbergi dasawyisSi patara broSureb-
sa da furclebs beWdavda. maTgan uZveless mkvlevare-
bi 1445 wels miakuTvneben. pirveli didi wigni_bib-
lia_ germanelma ostatma mxolod 1456 wels daamTav-
ra. wignis beWdvis dawyebidan 1500 wlis 31 dekembramde
gamocemul yvela wigns ewodeba inkunabuli (laTinu-
ri sityvidan ,,inkunabula”_akvanSi. Aaxla am periods
wignis beWdvis akvani ewodeba). ruseTSi pirvel na-
beWd wignad iTvleba ,,apostolic”, romelic mosko-
velma pirvelmbeWdavebma-ostatebma ivane feodorov-
ma da petre mstislavecma gamouSves (6-2). mzardi
teqnikuri progresi me-19 saukunis dasasrulisa da me-
20 saukunis dasawyisSi unikaluri radiomimRebisa da
Semdgom ki televiziis gamogonebiT dagvirgvinda da
msoflio moicva sixSirem, romelic uzrunvelyofs
msoflios nebismier wertilSi informaciis Seuferxe-
bel da ufaso gadaadgilebas.Agasuli saukunis bolo
meoTxedis kompiuterulma teqnologiebma saerTod
Secvala sazogadoebis damokidebuleba siaxleebisadmi
da Tundac msoflioSi mimdinare movlenebisadmi. Tana-

43
medrove adamians axla Tavad SeuZlia axali socialu-
ri qselebis meSveobiT Tavadve CaerTos mimdinare mov-
lenebsa da procesebSi, iyos aqtiuri monawile im glo-
baluri da masStaburi gamowvevebisa, rac ufro da uf-
ro metad awuxebs sazogadoebas. veravin ityvis imas,
romeli sjobda an sjobia: masobrivi CarTuloba da aq-
tiuri monawileoba yvelaferSi, maSin, rodesac vera-
fers ver cvli Tu am yvelafris erTgvarad Soridan
yureba, romelic SedarebiT mSvidi cxovrebis saSuale-
bas mainc mogvcemda? metad mtkivneuli SekiTxvebia da
am kiTxvebs albaT momavali gascems samarTlian pasuxs.
adamianis Tandayolili Tvisebaa yovelive nana-
xi da mosmenili daimaxsovros, aRbeWdos da gadas-
ces meore adamians. Ees Tviseba Soreul warsuls
ukavSirdeba. arsebobisaTvis brZolaSi adamianma az-
ris gadacemis bevri saSualeba gamoimuSava, romel-
Ta Soris xatovan damwerlobas pirveli adgili
ekuTvnis. Mmravalma saukunem ganvlo, vidre adamia-
nis azris gadacemis sistema amas miaRwevda. Ees iyo
pirdapiri gza anbanis Seqmnis, beWdvis gamogonebisa
da moZravi literebis damzadebisaken. roca kultu-
ram iseT dones miaRwia, rom xelnaweri wignebi aRar
akmayofilebda adamians, daiwyo beWdvis saSualebe-
bis Zieba da saukuneTa manZilze amisaTvis sxvada-
sxva wess iyenebdnen. moZravi literebis idea jer
kidev me-11 saukuneSi Caisaxa. wignis ostatebi mweba-
re Tixisagan Zelakebs Zerwavdnen da wvetiani Cxi-
riT maTze asos gamosaxuleba gamohyavdaT. Semdeg
maT RumelSi gamowvavdnen da isini magrdeboda. imi-
saTvis, rom sabeWdi formebi SeeqmnaT, rkinis dafas
fisis, sanTlisa da qaRaldis nacris nareviT dafa-

44
ravdnen da zed literebs ayenebdnen. dRemde Semo-
naxulia liTonis literebiT dabeWdili pirveli ko-
reuli wignebi. am wignebSi aris 1403 wlis damleviT
daTariRebuli bolosityvaoba, sadac naTqvamia: xis
dafebiT dabeWdili wignebi xSirad uwesivroa, da,
garda amisa, am wesiT Znelia yvela arsebuli wignis
dabeWdva. Aamitom me vbrZane (mefe tai tungma), rom
literebi brinjaosagan daemzadebinaT...” liTonis
literebs evropelebic xmarobdnen (XIVsaukune). Se-
morCenilia patara wigni ,,kacobriobis xsnis sarke”,
romelic TiTqos XVsaukuneSi holandielma lorenc
iansenma tyviis literebiT dabeWda. Mmagram wignis
gamomgoneblad germanel ioanes gutenbergs (1400-
1468) Tvlian. Mman liTonis literebi daamzada, maT-
gan sabeWdi formebi Seqmna da wnexis gamoyenebiT
qaRaldze erTi tipis mravaljeri anabeWdi miiRo.
...qarTuli moZravi anbani liTonze pirvelad gakeT-
da da mxedruli asoebiT pirveli qarTuli wigni
1629 wels romSi daibeWda. es iyo qarTul-italiuri
leqsikoni (6-3). am dRidan moyolebuli, qarTuli an-
bani Sriftad iqca. axla ukve Srifti marto asobge-
ras aRar niSnavda. Aam cnebaSi moeqca yvela elemen-
ti, romlebic aucilebelia moZravi asos Sesaqmne-
lad. Aaman ki moiTxova axali saSrifto meurneobis
Seqmna. Srifti mwignobrobis erT-erTi ZiriTadi
elementia. amitom gutenbergis Semdeg mbeWdavebi
cdilobdnen gaemravalferovnebinaT Sriftebi da
amiT wigni ufro lamazi gaexadaT. gutenbergis mo-
wafem Seferma 1467 wels ciceronis werilebis gamo-
cemis dros gamoiyena 12 punqtiani kegelis Srifti.
SemdgomSi am Srifts cicero uwodes. dRes gazeTe-
bis, Jurnalebisa da wignebis asawyobad da dasabeW-

45
dad iyeneben zomiTa da moxazulobiT erTmaneTisa-
gan mkveTrad gansxvavebul axal-axal Sriftebs. isi-
ni ZiriTadad rTuli Senadnobis_hartisagan aris Ca-
mosxmuli.
...Zneli warmosadgenia wigni an gazeTi uqaRal-
dod. magram istoria gvauwyebs, rom uqaRaldo wig-
nebi iyo. wigni warmoiSva kacobriobis ganviTarebis
adrindel safexurebze. Mmisi pirvandeli saxe iyo
qvaze, xeze, Tixis nakeTobebze, brinjaoze, palmis
foTlebze, Zvalsa, tyavsa da sxva masalaze Sesru-
lebuli warwerebi. Aamgvari nimuSebi mravlad moi-
poveba uZvelesi kulturis qveynebSi. magaliTad, eg-
vipteSi, nilosis napirze, faraon ramzes meoris
taZris or veeberTela kedelze amokveTilia yvela-
ze didi wigni msoflioSi. Mmisi ,,gverdebis sigane 40
metrs aRwevs. samxedro triumfebis es uZvelesi ma-
tiane 3000 weliwadze metia uZlebs drosa da stiqi-
is damangrevel Zalas. ... magram buneba ase lmobieri
rodi yofila istoriuli Zeglebisadmi. erevnis ,,ma-
tenadaranSi”, romelic erT-erTi udidesi sacavia
msoflioSi, vitrinis minis qveS devs nacrisferi qva.
Ddakvirvebisas mis xeSeS zedapirs etyoba gaurkveve-
li warwerebi. maT Soris zogi sityva ufro mkafioa
da SeiZleba amokiTxva. Ees qva odesRac wigni yofi-
la. vin icis ra ubedureba ar gadaxdenia. mravali
saukunis ganmavlobaSi igi Rrma gamoqvabulSi gde-
bula. Nniadagis wyals, romelic gaxsnil mineralebs
Seicavs, gauJRenTia misi etratis furclebi da wig-
ni gaqvavebula. marTalia misi wakiTxva axla SeuZle-
belia, magram am saxiTac es iSviaTi Zegli uaRresad
Zvirfasi monapovaria kacobriobis kulturuli mem-
kvidreobis SeswavlisaTvis.

46
 ,,mesopotamiaSi arqeologebma gaTxrebis dros
ipovnes 22aTasi Tixis firfita maT zedapirze amok-
veTili niSnebiT. Ees iyo mefe aSurbanipalis cnobi-
li biblioTeka. masSi inaxeboda bevri ,,wigni”, ro-
melTa xnovaneba daaxloebiT 5 aTas weliwads iTv-
lis. TiToeuli wigni asobiT aseTi firfitisagan
Sedgeboda da aTobiT kilograms iwonida. aziaSi
yvelaze Zveli wigni dawerilia lerwmis dafaze. maT,
iseve rogorc Tanamedrove wignebis furclebs, erT-
maneTTan aerTianebdnen. saamisod abreSumis abzinds
iyenebdnen. Mmagram es wignebic mZime da didi iyo.
imisTvis, rom aseTi wigni sadme Tan waeRoT, sul
cota Ronier cxenebSebmuli sami forani mainc iyo
saWiro. Cvenamde moaRwies wign-rulonebis erTeulma
egzemplarebma, romlebsac Zvel egvipteSi papirusi-
sagan amzadebdnen. Kkangaclil papirusebs Txel
firfitebad Wridnen. Semdeg am firfitebs erTma-
neTze awepebdnen, aSrobdnen da aprialebdnen. fir-
fitebis dawebebis Sedegad iRebdnen 20 metramde
sigrZis Txel Ria yavisfer furclebs. Savi saReba-
viT aWrelebul papirusis furclebs mrgval joxze
rulonebad axvevdnen da qsovilis an tyavis budeSi
inaxavdnen“ (6-4), mogvianebiT papirusi Secvala et-
ratma _ wvrilfexa Sinauri cxovelebis _cxvris,
Txis, xbos specialurad gamoyvanilma tyavma. mdid-
ruli gamocemebisaTvis xSirad etrats yviTlad,
mwvaned, cisfrad, mewamul ferad Rebavdnen, ris
Semdegac masze melniT, vercxlis an oqros saReba-
vebiT werdnen. Eetrati gacilebiT ufro xangamZle
iyo, vidre myife papirusi, magram misi damzadeba
did siZneleebTan iyo dakavSirebuli. Mmarto erTi
aseTi wignis Sesaqmnelad mTeli faris tyavis gamoy-

47
vana iyo saWiro.Q... qva da Zvali, xe da Tixa, aryis
xis qerqi da tyavi, namja da Cala_bevri ram gamos-
cades adamianebma, vidre wignebs qaRaldisagan daam-
zadebdnen. qaRaldis gamogonebam, rac Cveni welTaR-
ricxvis 93-98 wlebs miekuTvneba, gaamartiva wignis
damzadeba. magram axali saxeobis, ufro mosaxerxebe-
li da iafi masala, Zalze nela vrceldeboda. 650
wels qaRaldiT sargeblobdnen samaryandaSi, 880
wels-baRdadSi, 1100 wels_kairoSi. safrangeTSi, espa-
neTSi, italiasa da evropis sxva qveynebSi qaRaldis
damzadeba XII-XIII saukuneebSi daiwyes. Tu aziaSi
Tavdapirvelad qaRalds lerwmisagan amzadebdnen,
evropis qveynebSi, sadac lerwami ar xarobda, am
miznisaTvis Cvars iyenebdnen. specialur wisqvilSi
Cvars Wridnen, dolabebsa da specialur danadgareb-
Si (rodinebSi) aqucmacebdnen da warmoqmnili masisa-
gan qaRalds amzadebdnen. 1840 wels saqsonelma fei-
qarma kelerma aRmoaCina xisagan qaRaldis damzade-
bis wesi. Aaxla nedleulis nakleboba ukve aRar iyo,
misi mopoveba SeiZleboda yvelgan, sadac tye xarob-
da.Ppirveli qaRaldis manqana(romelic 1799 wels
frangma lui robertma gamoigona), meqanikosma don-
kinma mxolod 1803 wels aago inglisSi, 1817 wels qa-
Raldis manqana gaCnda ruseTSi, 1819 wels ki aseTi
manqana gaCnda germaniaSi, amerikaSi ki 1827 wels (6-
5). qveynis ganviTarebis sxvadasxva etapze icvleboda
calkeul mediasaSualebaTa amocanebi, magram Ziri-
TadSi ucvleli rCeboda principebi. sxvadasxva medi-
saSualebaTa SemoqmedebiTi saqmianobani naTlad ga-
mokveTs Jurnalistis mizanswrafulobas emsaxuros
simarTles, daicvas obieqturoba, principuloba da

48
sajarooba, romlebic Seadgenen mtkice saZirkvels
Jurnalisturi saqmianobis gzaze.
Tvali gadavavloT ramodenime Tanamedrove medi-
is teqnikur aRWurvilobas da davinaxavT: mobiluri
telefonebs, telekamerebs, Camwer mowyobilobebs,
kompiuters, uswrafesi da faqtiurad ufaso socialu-
ri qselebiT... dRes ukve ubralo mobiluri telefoni-
Tac SeiZleba adamiani Jurnalisti gaxdes: saintereso
informacias mokle teqsturi SetyobinebiT agzavnis,
ar sWirdeba redaqtori, arc gamomcemeli... xSirad vam-
bobT, sainfromacio epoqaSi vcxovrobT. Tu davakvir-
debiT, kacobrioba yovelTvis aseT epoqaSi cxovrobda.
magaliTad, XVII saukunis saqarTveloSi safixvnoebi ar-
sebobda, aseTive iyo parizSi adgili, romelsac "kra-
kovis xes" eZaxdnen. iq ubralo moqalaqeebi ikribebod-
nen da erTmaneTs mefeebze, qveynis politikur da soci-
alur cxovrebaze axal ambebs ucvlidnen. ra Tqma unda,
nawili am ambebisa simarTles Seesabameboda, magram
iseT rameebsac ambobdnen, rac maT ar SeiZleboda
scodnodaT, magaliTad, Tu ra uTxra wina RamiT mefem
dedofals. Tumca, xSir SemTxvevaSi adamianebi swored
aseT gadaumowmebel da cru informaciaze dayrdnobiT
iRebdnen gadawyvetilebebs. es im epoqis Sesabamisi qce-
visa Tu inteleqtualuri SesaZleblobebis saukeTeso
gamovlena iyo. amitomac, Sesabamisi epoqa Sesaferisi
informaciulobiT iyo yovelTvis aRWurvili. kargad
Tu davakvirdebiT, zemonaxsenebi epoqa didad ar gan-
sxvavdeba Tanamedroveobisgan. dRes adamianebi ara ro-
melime konkretul adgilas, aramed socialur qseleb-
Si ikribebian, mobiluri telefonebiT avrceleben in-

49
formacias da garkveul gadawyvetilebebs iReben, nawi-
li informaciisa aris sando, nawili -ara. aseTi dauje-
rebeli da gadaumowmebeli informacia vrceldeba
yvelgan. Sesabamisad, aseT teqnologiur da informa-
ciul epoqaSic ki gadaumowmebeli informaciis wili
Zalian didia. saboloo jamSi, Jurnalistikis done sak-
maoze maRalia, radgan xalxi mixvda, rom Jurnalistika
sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis anareklia da mas bevri ber-
keti aqvs socialuri procesebis katalizatoris fun-
qciis Sesasruleblad. magram paradoqsulia, rom amave
Tanamedrove teqnologiebma Jurnalistika swored im
epoqas daubruna, romelzec ukve gvqonda saubari: mo-
biluri telefoniT Jurnalisturi saqmianobis dawyeba
ar gamoricxavs safrTxes, rom gadaumowmebeli infor-
maciis zRvam walekos sainformacio sivrce. es aris
uzarmazari socialuri da politikuri problema, rad-
gan zusti, obieqturi da sando informaciis gareSe de-
mokratiis arsebobasa da ganviTarebaze saubaric zed-
metia. amitomac Tanamedrove Jurnalistur ganaTlebas
gansakuTrebuli roli eniWeba. Jurnalistebs aqvT pa-
suxismgebloba ara mxolod daeuflon profesiul
codnasa da gamocdilebas, aramed miscen sazogadoebas
miwodebuli informaciis gaazrebis saSualeba, radgan
Tanamedrove informaciis Tematuri mravalferovneba
ar iZleva saSualebas adamianebi Tavad Cawvdnen da ga-
erkvnen realur sinamdvilesa da situaciebSi da gamoi-
tanon swori daskvnebi. pasuxismgebloba Jurnalisti-
kisa Zalian didia, SesaZloa ganusazRvrelic ki, amito-
mac yvela damwyeb Jurnalists kargad unda esmodes: Se-
iZleba gaxdes Jurnalisti, magram yvela namdvilad ver
gaxdeba kargi Jurnalisti.

50
literatura:

1. www.nplg.gov.ge
2. moxelis samagido leqsikoni, Tb., 2004
3. ucxo sityvaTa leqsikoni, Tb.1989
4. mediaeTika da angariSvaldebulebis sistemebi“,
Tb.2004,gv. 37, gv. 38
5. heconomic.wordpress.com
6. A HISTORY OF NEWS< MITCELL STEPHENS, 2005, gv.104
7. r.surgulaZe, Jurnalistikamcodneobis safuZvlebi,
Tb.1996, gv.29
8. Jurnalistikis cnobari, Tb.1975, gv.78-80
9. i. sanikiZe, qarTuli perioduliAgamocemebi, nakveTi-I,
baTumi 2009, gv. 7
10. Jurnalistikis cnobari, Tb.1975, gv.129, iqve, gv. 133,
gv.580

51
 IV

Jurnalistikis asaxvis sagani

Tanamedrove masmediis asaxvis sagani masStaburia

da yovlismomcveli. igi gascda tradiciul sazRvrebs
da aris ara mxolod saintereso, mimzidvel, mniSvnelo-
van, gamorCeul ambavT macne da warmomCeni, aramed gar-
kveulwilad erTgvari zRvaris damdebi sazogadoebriv
samarTlianobasa da usamarTlobas, samoqalaqo pasu-
xismgeblobasa da upasuxismgeblobas, pirovnebis uf-
lebas da movaleobas Soris.
cxovrebis, arsebobisa da saqmianobis sxvadasxva
etapze sxvadasxva kategoriebiTa da cnebebiT gamdid-
rebuli adamianuri samyaro urTierTobaTa garkveuli
doneebis safuZvelze qmnis da ayalibebs epoqis moT-
xovnaTa Sesabamis politikur, ekonomikur, socialur,
kulturul, filosofiur, istoriul, literaturul,
religiur, fsiqologiur da a.S. Rirebulebebs. Rirebu-
lebaTa sazogadoebriv cnobierebaSi damkvidrebis
TvalsazrisiT masmedia gadamwyvet rols asrulebs, sa-
dac informacias ZiriTadi da mTavari pasuxismgebloba
akisria. Rirebulebebi swored ama Tu im doneze miwo-
debuli informaciis Sesabamisad mkvidrdeba da yalib-
deba. swored informaciis — am ZiriTadi mamoZravebeli
elementis — masazrdoebeli `TvalisCini~ — asaxvis sa-
gani aris umniSvnelovanesi orientiri Tanamedrove
JurnalistikaSi, romelic swored sazogadoebrivi in-
teresis asaxvis sagans warmoadgens da Sesabamisad kon-
kretuli faqtis arsSi wvdomiT gamoixateba.
am mxvriv informaciam kacobriobis ganviTarebis
mesame aTaswleulis mijnaze axali, jerarnaxuli mas-
Stabebi SeiZina. is axla cdilobs gadamcemis, informa-
toris, mimwodeblis funqcia analitikosi mkvlevaris,
52
wyaroebiT gajerebuli dokumentalistis, sando da
obieqturi damkvirveblis, Seumcdari daskvnebis ga-
momtaniT Caanacvlos. amitomac xSirad Tanamedrove
informaciuli nakadi realobas ise Wris Tvals, ro-
gorc qaTqaTa Tovlze amomavali dilis mzis sxivis el-
vareba, xanac ise izidavs mas, rogorc imave qaTqaTa
Tovlze amosuli iis surneleba, sikekluce da silama-
ze. `komunikatoris rolur struqturaSi dRes swrafi
tempebiT mimdinareobs integraciisa da diferenciaci-
is procesebi. demasifikacia, romelsac uaxlesi teqno-
logiebiT aRWurvili eleqtronuli masmedia iwvevs,
nebismier adamians aZlevs saSualebas gaxdes masobrivi
arxis komunikatori~(1-1). aravin davobs imaze, rom
Jurnalistikis asaxvis sagani konkretuli faqtia, rom
faqti publicistikis xerxemalia, magram Tanamedrove
etapze aucilebeli gaxda gaimijnos erTmaneTisagan me-
diadiskursis sagani da asaxvis obieqti. unda gaviTva-
liswinoT, rom `sagani ar aris nivTi arsebuli obieqtis
gverdiT. sagnis Sinaarsi masze ki ar saubrobs, aramed
gadmoscems, gviyveba mis garkveul, konkretul aspeq-
tze gareSe obieqtisa~(2-1). faqtis sintaqtikuri, seman-
tikuri da pragmatikuli resursi, mravali socialuri
reprezentaciuli unarebis gaazrebiT masobriv audi-
toriasTan mimarTebaSi axlebur gagebas gvTavazobs,
romelic mTlianad Tu ara, mniSvnelovnad gansaz-
Rvravs momxmareblis esTetikur da filosofiur Ri-
rebulebebs. teqstis reprezentaciuli unari, rogorc
ufro viwro, ufro konkretuli SesaZlebloba, ara
mxolod realuri faqtis, aramed masobrivi komunika-
ciis gansazRvruli tipis amocanasac warmoadgens.
`dRes yvelaze Rirebul kapitalad informaciaa aRia-
rebuli da Sesabamisad ganizomeba informaciis gadace-
ma-gavrcelebis gzebisa da saSualebebis — komunikaci-

53
uri teqnologiebis mniSvnelobac~(3-1). saintereso
movlenebma SesaZlebelia sxvadasxva procesebi gamoiw-
vios (mag. arabuli revoluciebi, romelmac pirovnebis
kultis doqtrinis winaaRmdeg gailaSqra da rig qvey-
nebSi garkveuli demokratizaciis xarisxis aRmavlo-
biT aRiniSna). aseve garkveulma procesebma SesaZlebe-
lia warmoSvas situaciuri eqscesebi: (kriminaluri,
ekonomikuri, romelmac SesaZloa saxelisuflebo ber-
ketebis moSlis procesi ganaviTaros...). situacia SeiZ-
leba gadaizardos garkveul eqscesebSic. (mag. situa-
ciam qveyanaSi xelfasebis argadaxdisa gamoiwvios me-
SaxteTa, maswavlebelTa da a.S. sagaficvo moZraobis
dawyebis procesi). asaxvis sagnis kvlevis procesSi yu-
radRebis centrSi eqceva is mxare sazogadoebrivi
cxovrebisa, romelic mocemul momentSi kvlevisa da
analizis yvelaze maRal interess warmoadgens.
asaxvis procesis umTavresi elementi — faqti teq-
stis struqturuli da makonstruirebeli elementia.
swored is aris bazisi im msoflmxedvelobrivi saZir-
kvlisa, romelzedac Jurnalists sakuTari, pirovnul-
SemoqmedebiTi da formobriv-Sinaarsobrivi konstruq-
cia amohyavs. marTalia teqstis arqiteqturuli kom-
pleqsi formiTa da moculobiT ar ganisazRvreba, (rad-
ganac silamaze ubraloebaSia), da is miT ufro mimzid-
velia, rac ufro axloa avtorisa da auditoriis wadi-
lisa da interesis erTianoba, magram mas mainc mniSvne-
lovani roli akisria. `publicisturi ostatoba mra-
valmxriv vlindeba. is SeiZleba mJRavndebodes prob-
lemis dasmasa Tu nawarmoebis ideur-azrobrivi mxaris
gamaxvilebaSi, masalis SerCevasa Tu siuJeturi xazis
gamokveTaSi, portretis moxatvasa Tu komentarSi da
a.S.~ (4-1). asaxvis sagnis specifika ara virtualuri,
aramed konkretuli faqtisa da adamianuri interesis

54
an interesebis gadakveTis safuZvelze yalibdeba, ro-
melic aCqarebs informaciuli zemoqmedebis xarisxs
masobriv auditoriaze, (miuxedavad masSi arsebuli
sxvadasxva kategoriis informaciisa) da qmnis Sesabamis
safuZvels calkeul RirebulebaTa politikuri, eko-
nomikuri, socialuri, kulturul-saganmanaTleblo...
da a.S. damkvidrebisaTvis. mniSvnelovania gvaxsovdes,
rom adamianebi xSirad ar arian iseTebi, rogoric war-
mogvidgenia. gadawyvetilebebs isini umeteswilad ara
sakuTari Sexedulebisamebr, aramed sazogadoebis, ga-
remo pirobebis gaTvaliswinebiT iReben, anu sazoga-
doeba marTavs adamianis fsiqikas da Sesabamisad gan-
sazRvravs mis qmedebebs da cxovrebiseul arCevansac
ki. aqedan gamomdinare, sazogadoebrivi azris zemoqme-
deba da mis Sesabamisad pirovnebis marTva ganmsazRvre-
lia imave adamianis qmedebebisa Tu cxovrebiseuli ar-
Cevanisac ki. Sesabamisad, adamianuri qceva individua-
luri ar aris da yovelTvis unda moxdes misi socialur
konteqstSi ganxilva da Seswavla. amitomac asaxvis sag-
nis sakuTar, pirad kontrols daqvemdebareba an misi
garkveul sazRvrebSi moqceva SesaZlebelia, Tu igi
Tavsebadia sazogadoebaSi aRiarebul, damkvidrebul,
adaptirebul normebTan. `Tu ki qcevis xasiaTs socia-
luri garemo, socialuri integraciis xarisxi ganapi-
robebs, am SemTxvevaSi yvelaze kargad konkretuli pi-
rovnebis azrovneba warmoCndeba sazogadoebisgan ga-
riyuli, anu marginali pirebis Seswavlis dros~(5-1). sa-
zogadoebisagan gariyva es aris yoveldRiuri cxovre-
bis nawili. is adamianebi, vinc am mdgomareobaSi kargad
grZnoben Tavs, swored isini aRiqvamen sazogadoebas
sxva mxridan. magaliTad seqsualuri umciresobebi,
unar-SezRuduli adamianebi an usaxlkaroebi, romle-

55
bic yvelaze kargad grZnoben socialuri Sablonebis,
ganwyobebisa Tu normebis arsebobas sazogadoebaSi.
maTze dakvirveba dagvexmareba ufro naTlad davina-
xoT sazogadoebis siRrmeSi mimaluli problemebi, ra-
Ta realobis Sesabamisad SevZloT da movaxdinoT Sefa-
sebebi.
masiuri socialuri krizisebi TiToeuli adamianis
cxovrebaSi cvlilebebis molodins amkvidrebs. sazo-
gadoebriv cxovrebaSi mimdinare cvlilebebi xSirad
ganapirobeben masobrivi auditoriis azrovnebis adek-
vaturobis xarisxs konkretuli asaxvis saganTan mimar-
TebaSi. cvlilebebisadmi Seguebis xarisxi erTgvari ba-
rometria auditoriisa da asaxvis sagnis urTierTSesa-
bamisobisa da is maSin Tanabrdeba, rodesac asaxvis sa-
gansa da sazogadoebriv interess Soris adgils survi-
lis Sesabamisi Serwymadi an Semguebluri bunebis mata-
rebeli instinqti enacvleba. amitomac mniSvnelovania
kargad nacnobi cxovrebiseuli aspeqtebi axlebur
WrilSi ganixilebodes misi Secnobis survilis, sazoga-
doebrivi interesis gagebis gamZafrebis mizniTac. sa-
zogadoebrivi cxovrebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli kreati-
uli miswrafebani: miznis miRwevis, sazogadoebrivi az-
ris damkvidrebis, potenciuridan realuris warmoCe-
nis, farTod aRiarebuli Sexedulebebis kritikulad
gaazrebis, sazogadoebriv instinqtebze orientirebu-
li teqstebis urTierTSesabamisoba imave sazogadoe-
bis kreatiul ganwyobaze mianiSnebs, radgan asaxvis sa-
gani sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis anareklia da SesaZloa
misi ganviTarebis Semaferxebeli mizezic gaxdes.
Cveni samyaro savsea moulodnelobebiT. SesaZle-
belia erTi saaTis win moZiebuli informacia savsebiT
usargeblo an ususuric aRmoCndes. asaxvis sagnis pi-
rovnul-msoflmxedvelobrivi, politikuri an fsiqo-

56
logiuri konteqsti masobrivi auditoriis interese-
bis ganmapirobebelic unda iyos. realobisaken swraf-
vis survili xSirad individualuri wvdomis, `Wvretis~
unars sazRvrebs ufarToebs, romelic aCens mkveTr
kontrasts mimwodebelsa da mimRebs Soris, rac orive
mxaris — mimwodeblisa da mimRebis — urTierTobis axal
etapze(formaze) gadasvlas moiTxovs. rac ufro Seum-
Cneveli, martivi da advilad gadasalaxi iqneba es wina-
Roba, miT ukeTesi, radgan rTuli procesis martivi
formiT miRebisas naklebad an saerTodac ar ziandeba
da Sesabamisad ar Riziandeba sazogadoebrivi cnobie-
reba da procesebic umtkivneulo xdeba.
Jurnalistikis asaxvis sagani warmoadgens mTelis
nawils, romelic ufro metad zrdis Jurnalistis pa-
suxismgeblobas asaxvis sagnis specifikisadmi. amitom
gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba asaxvis procesSi eniWeba
TviT konkretul socialur situacias, im azrs, rome-
lic masSi obieqturad arsebobs da mis sazogadoebriv
Rirebulebas, xanac motivacias ganapirobebs. swored
faqtis qmedebis arsis ganmarteba, sazogadoebisaTvis
misi Sinagani filosofiuri samyaros politikuri, eko-
nomikuri, kulturuli, saganmanaTleblo da sxva Rire-
bulebaTa kuTxiT `mniSvnelobis Cveneba udevs safuZ-
vlad SerCevis optimalurobas, maTi interpretaciis
Sesabamisobis moTxovnas~(6-1). rTulia Seiswavlo sazo-
gadoeba da ar iyo amavdroulad am sazogadoebis wevri.
nebismieri Jurnalisti, rac ar unda maRali profesio-
nalizmiT gamoirCeodes, eTnocentristia — mis azrov-
nebas misi sazogadoebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli msof-
lmxedveloba gansazRvravs. ese igi, Jurnalisturi
teqsti sazogadoebis cxovrebis nawili xdeba maSin, ro-
desac asaxvis sagani sazogadoebis codnis nawilia.
Jurnalistebi qmnian ideebs, dRis sinaTleze gamoaqvT

57
cxovrebaSi mimdinare yoveldRiuroba, romlebic Sem-
deg gansazRvravs imas, Tu rogor reagirebs am yvela-
ferze auditoria.
asaxvis saganze gadawyvetilebis miReba mniSvnelo-
vania imdenad, ramdenadac JurnalistTa umravlesoba
Cqarobs arsebuli variantebidan misTvis sasurvelis
arCevas da uSualod gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesi
yuradRebis miRma rCeba. gadawyvetilebis miReba ki spe-
cifikuri profesiuli unaria, xolo Jurnalisti am
unars ise ver daxvews, Tu Rrmad ar gaizrebs im pro-
cess, romelSic problema warmoiSva. gadawyvetilebis
miRebis mravali definicia arsebobs. gadawyvetilebis
miRebis procesi ZiriTadad sami mniSvnelovani fazis-
gan Sedgeba: gadawyvetilebis miRebis sababis arseboba,
savaraudo samoqmedo kursis gansazRvra da ramdenime
qmedebisgan erTis amorCeva, rac gulisxmobs miznis mi-
saRwevad alternativaTa Sefasebis procesSi arsebuli
situaciis pirveladobis gaTvaliswinebas. am dros gan-
sakuTrebuli qmedebis definicia gadawyvetilebis mim-
Rebs aiZulebs SearCios is gza, romelic yvelaze metad
Seesabameba dasaxuli mizniT gaTvaliswinebul Sedegs.
gadawyvetilebis miRebis mravalgvaroba gvafiqrebi-
nebs, rom msgavs movlenaTa gansazRvras garkveuli pi-
robiToba axasiaTebs. miuxedavad amisa, gadawyvetileba
TiTqmis yovelTvis gulisxmobs aucilebel resursebs,
miznebsa da amocanebs. amasTanave, mis miRebaSi yovel-
Tvis monawileobs intuicia, sazogadoebrivi interesi
da garemo, romelSic asaxvis sagani warmoiSva (an war-
moiSoba, rac gadawyvetilebis miRebaze mudam axdens
gavlenas). gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesi pirdapir-
proporciulia problemis gansazRvrisa, (Sedegis miR-
wevadobisa), romelic ukukavSiriT sargeblobasac iT-
valiswinebs, rac Tavis mxvriv ganapirobebs gadawyve-

58
tilebis droulad miRebis mniSvnelovan pirobasac..
asaxvis sagnis miznis gansazRvris alternatiul gadaw-
yvetilebaTa SemuSavebis da prioritetebis gamokveTis
cikluri procesi met efeqtsa da Sedegs iZleva, vidre
mdidari informaciis cudi analizi. Tu istoriis ma-
moZravebeli teqnologiaTa cvlaa, romelsac Tavis
mxvriv komunikaciur saSualebaTa progresic ganapi-
robebs, maSin asaxvis sagani mniSvnelovanwilad realur
warmodgenaTa kreatiulobiT ganisazRvreba im socia-
lur samyaroSi, sadac `yvelaferi warmoiSoba da yvela-
feri kvdeba~. bunebrivia Jurnalistika miiswrafvis
usasrulo sivrceebisaken da igi am yvelafers droisa
da sivrcis erTianobiT axorcielebs. es energia saSua-
lebas aZlevs mas sazogadoebrivi cnobierebis nawilad
iqces da kacobriobis gamTlianebis saSualebad mogvev-
linos.

literatura:

1. r.surgulaZe, e.iberi, masobrivi komunikacia, Tb.,

2003,gv.111
2. Прохоров Е.П. Введение в теорию журналистики. М., 2002. gv. 223
3. T.jagodniSvili, i. jagodniSvili, verbaluri komunika-
ciebi, Tb., 2009, gv.9
4. n.tabiZe, publicistikis sakiTxebi, wigni I, Tb.2011, gv. 282
5. s.sigua, media da kultura,gv.127
6. Валгина Н.С. теория текста, учебное пособие , москва, логос.
2003, gv.123

59
 IV-1

movlena

Tanamedrove msoflioSi mimdinare movlenebi Jur-

nalistikis asaxvis ZiriTadi sagania. mniSvnelovan mov-
lenaTa Sesaxeb diskursi warmoadgens meoTxe xelisuf-
lebis `yoveldRiur purs arsobisas~. msgavsi saxis pub-
likaciebi gvexmareba movlenaTa siRrmiseuli kvlevis
an mxatvruli gaazrebis obieqturi gaazrebisaTvis.
ra aris movlena? rogor SeiZleba ganisazRvros
is? movlena (rogorc yvela sxva Jurnalisturi asaxva)
zustad dafiqsirebuli faqtia konkretuli sivrciTa
da droTi. movlenis masStaburobas ki misive Sinaarsi,
buneba ganapirobebs, romelic konkretuli adamianebis
gonebriv da fizikur SesaZleblobebze anu sazogado-
ebriv dainteresebaze gadis. swored es `sazogadoebri-
vi interesia~ mTavari, radgan movlenas ara mxolod vi-
zualuri, verbaluri efeqtic gaaCnia da orive doneze
moicavs iseT gancdebsa da emociebs, romlebic SesaZ-
loa Jurnalistikis bunebas, Tvisebas ganapirobebs. in-
teresi SeiZleba iyos piradi da zogadi, rodesac piri
an sazogadoeba ar gamoxatavs movlenebSi aqtiuri mo-
nawileobis survils, magram iribad exeba mas-mis axlo-
bel adamians — mSoblebs, meuRles, Svilebs, naTesavebs
da aqedan gamomdinare, surs icodes ra xdeba, ra SeiZ-
leba moxdes, rogor ganviTardeba movlenebi. movlena
maSin iwvevs pirovnebis fantaziis gaaqtiurebas, rode-
sac cnebis SemuSavebis procesSi Tavs iyris konkretu-
li sagnis amsaxveli arsebiTi niSnebi. konkretuli piri
(an sazogadoeba) aseTi cnebebis gamoyenebiT, abstra-
girebuli sityvebiT msjelobs, ganixilavs da, rogorc
logikosebi amboben, dagrovili wanamZRvrebidan de-

60
duqciis, induqciisa da analogiis xerxebiT midis das-
kvnisaken. `Teoria materialur Zalad maSin iqceva, ro-
gorc ki is masebs daeufleba~(1-1). movlenis masiuro-
bac swored rom sazogadoebriv dainteresebaze gadis.
es gamoxatva rac ufro cnebiTia, miT ufro tevadia da
masStaburi... movlena konkretul arealSi yovelTvis
mxolod imdenad xorcieldeba, ramdenadac TviTon is
mis moTxovnilebaTa ganxorcielebac aris. iqceva Tu
ara movlenuri moTxovnileba uSualod praqtikul
moTxovnilebad? cnobilia, rom individebi imas Cadian,
rac surT, magram warmatebas aRweven muSaobis unaris
mqone da mosurne adamianebi. amdenad movlenaTa gan-
sazRvris, gamorCevisa da gamijvnis procesSi mniSvne-
lovania erTgvari TviTdaxmareba: individma upirvele-
sad Tavad igrZnos da ganicados, radgan ufali imas ex-
mareba, vinc sakuTar Tavs exmareba. piradi pasuxismgeb-
lobis unari ara mxolod movlenaTa danaxva-Secnobis
gaumjobesebas, aramed pirovnuli Tavdajerebulobis
ideebsac aZlierebs, rac ZiriTadad ara kanonebis, ara-
med sakuTari mcdelobiTa da sakuTar Tavze dayrdno-
biT unda miiRwios. dedamiwaze mimdinare movlenaTa
mravalferovneba, rogorc cocxali organizmi, ganic-
dis SemTxveviTi fizikuri da fsiqikuri cvlilebebis
serias. zogierTi cvlileba romelime movlenas gadar-
Cenisa da warmatebiT ganviTarebis pirobebs uqmnis, zo-
gi mutacia naklebad sasargebloa da gadarCenas ufro
rTuls, xan ki SeuZlebels xdis. amitomac dedamiwaze
mravali saintereso movlena ganviTarda, viTardeba da
kvlavac ganviTardeba, romelTac mniSvnelovani gavle-
na moaxdines an kvlav moaxdenen sazogadoebriv cnobie-
rebaze. `bunebrivi gadarCevis~ procesi Tavad wyvets
romel movlenas gadaarCens realoba da romels ara~(2-
1). am ideaTa da SexedulebaTa socialur da politikur

61
konteqstSi gadanacvleba naTeli dasturia principisa
— gadarCeba yvelaze Semguebeli. sazogadoebas, sadac
individTa Soris gadarCenisaTvis brZola warmoadgens,
sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis socialuri mdgomareobis
da politikuri da ekonomikuri Zalauflebis Tu sxva
saxis uTanasworobas gardauvals da bunebrivsac xdis.
adamiani racionaluri piradi interesiT moqmedi arse-
baa da igi yovelTvis Seecdeba piradi mdgomareoba sa-
kuTari miznebis gansaxorcieleblad gamoiyenos. mov-
lenaTa gamijvnis procesSi mxedvelobaSia misaRebi ara
mxolod demokratiuli an arsebuli sinamdvilisa Tu
situaciis cdomileba, aramed karierisaken swrafvis
survilic. Tanamedrove mediabazari saswaulebrivi
TvisebebiT xasiaTdeba, romelic misive wonasworobas
uwyobs xels. amasTan igi TviTmmarTveli uzarmazari
nervuli sistemacaa, romelsac sazogadoebis marTva
SeuZlia yovelgvari kanonmdeblobisa da iaraRis gamo-
yenebis gareSe sazogadoebrivi azris Seqmnisa da mizan-
mimarTuli miwodebis meqanizmis meSveobiT, sadac er-
Tdroulad TiTqmis usasrulo raodenobis movlenur
informacias gadascems. mediaresursebi gamalebiT mie-
dineba iqiT, sadac yvelaze meti sargebelia da sadac
mdidrebsac da Raribebsac Setyobinebis erTnairi sti-
muli aqvT. ra moxdeba im SemTxvevaSi, Tu movlenaTa
`gadarCevis~ procesSi kerZo mediabiznesi ufro efeq-
turi aRmoCndeba? miT umetes maSin, rodesac kerZo
bizness marTavs mogebis interesi? es yovelive mas fa-
sebis dabal doneze SenarCunebas aiZulebs, e.i. movle-
naTa `gamuqeba~, e.w. `yviTeli movlenebiT~ gajereba
kvlavac didxans SeinarCunebs upiratesobas(3-1).
mgrZnobeloba da konkurencia mediamesveurebs miscems
saSualebas awarmoon is produqcia, razec moTxovni-
lebaa. mokled cnobili gamoTqma — `momxmarebeli me-

62
fea da mas gafrTxileba sWirdeba~, miT ufro sapasu-
xismgeblo xdeba, radganac bazari keTilsindisiereba-
sa da ekonomikur samarTlianobas amkvidrebs. is yvelas
aZlevs Sanss, Tavisi niWisa da garjis wyalobiT aRzev-
des an daeces. amgvari `movlenuri~ araTanabroba `ka-
cobriobisaTvis damaxasiaTebel bunebriv uTanasworo-
bas gamoxatavs~. movlenebi bunebriv kataklizmebsac
ukavSirdeba, magram gansxvavebiT bunebrivi movlene-
bisgan sazogadoebisaTvis mniSvnelovania up. yovlisa,
movlenebi, romlebic warmoadgens adamianTa qcevebisa
da moqmedebebis areals garkveuli miznebiT, amocane-
biTa da SedegebiT, rac ara mxolod gavlenas axdens ama
Tu im sazogadoebriv procesze...
ganvixiloT magaliTebi: mag. 1 `kviris palitra~-27-
01-2014 , publikaciidan ` ras warmoadgens `berkuti~?
`msoflios sainformacio saSualebebma araerTi
video da fotokadri gaavrceles kievis quCebidan, sa-
dac erTmaneTs dauzogavad scemen ukrainis Sss-s spe-
cialuri daniSnulebis danayofis — `berkutis~ mebrZo-
lebi da qvebiTa da xelketebiT SeiaraRebuli opozi-
cia. kievSi gruSevskis quCaze mimdinare dapirispirebi-
sas opoziciis warmomadgenlebi ZiriTadad qvebs da
`molotovis koqteilebs~ (benzinian boTls fiTili
ukeTia, romelsac gadagdebis win cecxls ukideben,
Tumca Sampanuris boTlebi xSirad ar tydeba da `ber-
kuti~ aswrebs, isini msrolelebs ukan `daubrunos~) is-
vrian, wvaven saburavebs, qvebiTa da xelketebiT cdi-
loben Setevaze gadmosuli `berkutis~ mogeriebas.
amasTan, opoziciis aqtiur wevrebs saxe damaluli
aqvT, raTa maTi identificireba ar moxdes (sxvaTa So-
ris, `berkutis~ mebrZolebsac niRbebi ukeTiaT), Tavze
sabWoTa droindeli samxedro muzaradebi da mSeneblis

63
Cafxutebi axuravT, bevrs airwinaRi ukeTia, raTa `ber-
kutis~ nasroli cremlsadeni da kvamlsadeni xelyum-
barebisgan daicvas Tavi. rac Seexeba `berkuts~, misi sa-
erTo raodenoba arcTu didia — 3 aTas kacamde, romle-
bic or polkSi arian gaerTianebuli eqvsi batalionisa
da 19 aseulis saxiT.
… ukve yvelasTvis cxadia, rom ukrainaSi mimdina-
re movlenebi scildeba am qveynis Sidapolitikuri ar-
Cevanis farglebs da maidani iqca adgilad, sadac gadis
globaluri politikis frontis xazi. amasTan, rCeba
STabeWdileba, rom dReis mdgomareobiT Sidapoliti-
kur elitaze ukve cota ram aris damokidebuli, xolo
gare Zalebma amowures movlenebze pozitiuri zemoqme-
debis resursi.
mag. 2. `kviris palitra~ — 27-01-2014 publikaciidan
` inflacia jansaRi procesia, Tu ekonomikuri zrdiTaa
gamowveuli~
erovnuli valuta ori wlis ganmavlobaSi myarad
inarCunebda gacvliT kurss da saqarTveloSi 1 aSS do-
laris fasi 1,67 lars TiTqmis ar ascilebia. amJamad ki 1
dolari ukve 1,78 lari Rirs. mTavrobis ekonomikuri
gundi laris kursis cvlilebaSi sagangaSos kvlavac
verafers xedavs da acxadebs, rom erovnul banks yvela
resursi aqvs, raTa valutis mkveTri gaufasureba ar
dauSvas...
– marTalia, qveyanaSi Semosuli gzavnilebic gai-
zarda, eqsportic, investiciebis 4-%-iani matebac aRi-
ricxeba, Tumca im faqtorebis gavlena, romelic lars
aufasurebs, ufro metia: kerZod, importis zrda, fu-
ladi kapitalis gadineba qveynidan da gadazidvebis
Semcireba — swored am faqtorebma gadawona zemoT Ca-

64
moTvlili dadebiTi momentebi. saboloo jamSi, izrde-
ba moTxovna dolarze, rac amcirebs larze moTxovnas.
amitomac gvaqvs dRes laris aseTi kursi.
mag. 3. `kviris palitra~ — 27-01-2014 publikaciidan
`kiTxvebi, romlebic mkiTxvels ainteresebs.~
kurortebze dasvenebis Rirebulebas misi momsa-
xurebis servisi gansazRvravs. gudaurSi aTdRiani das-
veneba saojaxo sastumroSi orjeradi kvebiT 35 dola-
ridan iwyeba da 70 dolaramde adis. kotejebSi Rame Se-
iZleba 30 laradac gaaTioT, magram Tu paketSi Sedis
kveba da manqaniT momsaxureba, fasi izrdeba. bakurian-
Si yvelaze didi moTxovna saojaxo sastumroebzea. aq
samjeradi kvebiT erTi damsvenebeli daaxloebiT 45-50
dolars ixdis. Sesabamisad, aTdRiani dasveneba 450-500
dolaramde jdeba. zamTris kurortebze dasvenebis fa-
si dResaswaulebze izrdeba. Tumca fasebi saojaxo
sastumroebma SesaZlebelia klientTan molaparakebis
Semdeg mniSvnelovnad daswion. zogadi fasdakleba ki
zamTris sezonis dasasruls, TebervalSi iwyeba.
mag. 4. `kviris palitra~ — 12-04-2010 publikacii-
dan `uCveulo movlenebi `SirnhoferSi~.
gasul kviras TbilisSi, `Sirnhoferi-saqarTve-
los~ mTavar SenobaSi, uCveulo ram xdeboda: ofisSi
TviT karl Sirnhoferi dadioda da kompaniis yvela Ta-
namSromels — damlagebliT dawyebuli da direqtoriT
damTavrebuli — feSenebelur saprezentacio darbazSi
epatiJeboda. ucnauroba amiT ar dasrulebula: mas
Semdeg, rac yvela TanamSromeli darbazSi ganTavsebul
komfortul magidebTan moewyo, karl Sirnhoferma
uzarmazar monitorze avstriidan Camotanili filmi
gauSva da `Sirnhoferi-saqarTvelos~ TanamSromlebs

65
angariSi Caabara gasul wels kompaniis ganviTarebis-
Tvis gaweul muSaobaze.
zemoT moyvanil magaliTebs Tu Tvals gadavav-
lebT, gasagebi gaxdeba, rom warmodgenil informacieb-
Si saubaria sruliad realur pirebze, adamianebze,
romlebic moqmedeben saqmianobis garkveul sferoSi,
konkretul sivrcesa da droSi. amasTan maTi moqmedebe-
bis mizezebsa da miznebs, agreTve Sedegebs gansvavebu-
li mniSvneloba aqvs sazogadoebisaTvis.
mag.1 asaxuli sinamdvile ganekuTvneba iseT viTa-
rebas, romlebSic monawileobas Rebuloben adamianTa
didi jgufebi-masebi, miuxedavad maTi partiuli, jgu-
furi kuTvnilebisa. miznis erTianobam erT dros da
erT konkretul adgilze gaaerTiana uamravi adamiani.
es mizania-qveynis ganviTarebis kursis samarTlianobis
sakiTxi, aseve cxovrebis pirobebis gaumjobeseba. es
yovelive ki maCvenebelia masebis sazogadoebriv-poli-
tikur cxovrebaSi gaTviTcnobierebisa da dainterese-
bisa, romelic TavisTavad gamoiwvevs qveyanaSi arse-
bul ekonomikur da politikur cvlilebebs. amgvar
movlenas SesaZloa Sors mimavali Sedegebi mohyves
mTeli qveynis mosaxleobisaTvis.
mag. 2 ganpirobebulia adamianebis mcire jgufis —
mTavrobis saqmianobiT. mis mier miRebuli gadawyveti-
lebebi SeiZleba Seexos rogorc qalaqebSi, aseve sof-
lad mcxovreb adamianTa garkveul nawils. radgan la-
ris kursis gaufasureba pirdapir kavSirSia produq-
tis gaZvirebasTan da mosaxleobis msyidvelobiTi una-
ric mcirdeba. ZiriTadad dazaraldeba is, visac aqvs
Semosavali larSi da valdebuleba — dolarSi.
mag. 3 aCvenebs zamTris kurortebiT dainterese-
bul adamianTa saqmianobis Sedegs. is, up. yovlisa, See-
xeba saojaxo tipis sastumroebis mflobelTa intere-

66
sebs, agreTve, zogierTi klientis interesebSic — vis-
Tvisac mniSvnelovania zogadad fasdakleba da sezonis
Sesabamisad garToba.
mag. 4 gvauwyebs erTi adamianis moqmedebaze: amas-
Tan, mis mier miRweul Sedegs mniSvneloba aqvs pirvel
rigSi misTvis da misi zogierTi TayvanismcemlisTvis
da mimdevrisTvis.
cxadia, rom udidesi sazogadoebrivi mniSvneloba
gaaCnia mag.1. pirvel rigSi swored man unda miizidos
zogadpolitikuri TematikiT dainteresebuli Jurna-
listis yuradReba. mocemul SemTxvevaSi Jurnalistis
mier gaanalizebuli movlenis Semadgeneli: sxvadasxva
socialur jgufebSi gaerTianebuli adamianTa gansaz-
Rvruli raodenobaa, romelTa moqmedebebi erTsa da
imave dros, erTsa da imave adgilas xorcieldeba. maTi
miswarafebaa gadaWran garkveuli amocana da konkre-
tul Sedegebs miaRwion.
gazeTi `kviris palitra~-27-01-2014; publikacii-
dan: ukrainis movlenebi — ras fiqroben saerTaSori-
so eqspertebi ~. ruka — kievis movlenebis gasaRebi~
maqs fiSeri, `vaSington posti~.
`ruka, romelsac gTavazobT, saukeTeso ilustra-
ciaa imisa, rac dRes ukrainaSi xdeba. rukaze ferebad
aris dayofili qveynis mTavari eTnikuri da lingvis-
turi sxvaobebi. ai, ratom aris es ruka aseTi mniSvne-
lovani: ukrainis politikas didi xania, rac qveynis de-
mografia or mTavar nawilad yofs. is, rac dRes xdeba,
didwilad swored am dayofis Sedegia. ukrainis eTno-
lingvisturi politikuri dayofa SeerTebuli State-
bis `wiTeli amerikisa~ (respublikelebi) da `lurji
amerikis~ (demokratebi) msgavsia, magram amerikuli ma-
galiTisgan mas Zalian bevri ram ganasxvavebs — warmo-

67
idgineT, rom `wiTeli~ da `lurji~ amerika sxvadasxva
enaze laparakobdnen. mimdinare politikuri konfliq-
ti, romlis ZiriTadi xazi gadis imaze, Tu saiT unda wa-
vides qveyana — evropisken Tu ruseTisken, iseTi ameri-
kuli Temebis ukrainuli ekvivalentia, romelzec `wiT-
lebi~ da `lurjebi~ kompromiss verasdros pouloben —
iaraRiT vaWrobis kontroli, aborti da erTsqesianTa
qorwineba. ukrainul politikasac axasiaTebs is, rac
amerikul politikaSi gvxvdeba, kerZod is, rom poli-
tikuri oponentebis azriT, mowinaaRmdege mxare ers ar
warmoadgens~.
am SemTxvevaSi movlena Tavisi SinaarsiT, mocemu-
lobiTa da moqmedebebiT politikuri xasiaTisaa, amde-
nad ufro moculobiTi da masStaburi. movlenis arsi am
SemTxvevaSi swored mis masStaburobasa da masiur aqti-
urobaSi mJRavndeba. msgavs movlenaTa mniSvneloba-
mniSvnelovneba swored arealiT ganisazRvreba. marTa-
lia nebismieri Jurnalisturi teqstis safuZveli faq-
tia, magram aris faqtebi, romlebic TavianTi masStabu-
robiT gacilebiT maRali xarisxisaa, anu misiT mravali
qveyana, milionobiT adamiani interesdeba, ganicdis,
fiqrobs; aris movlenebi, romlebic SedarebiT nakle-
bad mniSvnelovania da misi arealic — gavrcelebis ad-
gili (masStabi) SemosazRvrulia, anu mis areals am Sem-
TxvevaSi gansazRvravs is, Tu vin da ra raodenoba ada-
mianebisa interesdeba am movleniT. magram movlenad
SeiZleba CaiTvalos mxolod iseTi qmedeba, romelic
ara mxolod siaxles, aramed gansakuTrebul cvlile-
bebs, gansakuTrebul qmedebebs ukavSirdeba. Tavisi bu-
nebiT movlenad ver CaiTvleba Cveulebrivi faqti, ro-
melic ar ukavSirdeba uCveulos, gansakuTrebuls, iS-
viaTs, gamonakliss. movlenis sfecifikuroba missave

68
xasiaTSi, TaviseburebaSi, bunebaSi devs.
movlenebi TavianTi SinaarsiT moicavs nebismier
Temas, romelic ama Tu im qveyanaSi-msoflios nebismier
wertilSi xdeba. amdenad movlenebi SeiZleba iyos glo-
baluri da lokaluri xasiaTisa. globaluri anu msof-
lio — Zalzed masStaburia da Sesabamisad misi Sinaar-
sic yvelasTvis saintereso. lokaluri ki ZiriTadad im
konkretuli sivrcisTvisaa aqtualuri da saintereso,
magram adgilobrivi mniSvnelobisaa.
`kviris palitra~-23-12-2013, publikaciidan: `wlis
yvelaze mniSvnelovani samxedro movlenebi.~
2013 weli bolo aTwleulisgan gansxvavebuli ga-
modga, Tumca sxvadasxva obieqturi Tu subieqturi mi-
zezis gamo ganvlili weli gardamtexi ver gaxda. sazo-
gadoebis didi nawili ufro mets moeloda axali xeli-
suflebisgan, maT Soris Tavdacvis sferoSic.
armia politikis miRma
yvelaze mTavari cvlileba, rac 2013 wels moxda
qarTul armiaSi, is gaxlavT, rom saqarTvelos Seiara-
Rebuli Zalebi TiTqmis gaTavisuflda partiuli zewo-
lisgan. `SevardnaZis `moqalaqeTa kavSiri~ da saakaSvi-
lis `nacionaluri moZraoba~ yovelTvis uxeSad ereo-
da qarTuli armiis saqmeebSi, iqneboda es sakadro
cvlilebebi Tu sabrZolo moqmedebebis dros samxedro
marTvis mcdeloba.
swored `moqalaqeTa kavSiris~ mmarTvelobis
dros, 1998 wels, moxda galis cnobili movlenebi, `nac-
moZraobam~ ki 2004 da 2008 wlebSi cxinvalis regionSi
momxdar tragediaSi sabediswero roli iTamaSa~. sabed-
nierod, axla mmarTveli partia aRar ereva armiis saq-
meebSi, rac 2013 wlis saprezidento arCevnebzec gamoC-
nda, rodesac arc Tavdacvis da arc Ss saministroebis

69
xelmZRvanelobas sasurveli saprezidento kandida-
tisTvis xmebis mosagroveblad sauwyebo resursi ar
gamouyenebiaT. `es etyoboda avRaneTSi, Cvens samxedro
danayofSi Catarebuli arCevnebis Sedegebsac, romel-
Ta mixedviT kinaRam prezidentobis opozicionerma
kandidatma gaimarjva. es rom mixeil saakaSvilis mmar-
Tvelobis dros momxdariyo, avRaneTSi qarTuli sam-
xedro kontingentis ara marto meTauroba, kapralebic
ki mkacrad daisjebodnen~. armiis disciplinisa da
brZolisunarianobis ganmtkicebisaTvis swored misi
depolitizaciaa aucilebeli. Tuki moiSleba dasmenis
instituti da samxedroebi aRar daisjebian iniciati-
vis gamoCenis gamo, maSin qarTul jars momavali nam-
dvilad eqneba.
qarTuli jari adamianuri saxiT
armia mxolod tankebi, haubicebi Tu Sveulmfrenebi
ar aris. mas momsaxureTa ganwyoba da motivacia qmnis.
dazRvevis axali, gaumjobesebuli pirobebi, 877 samxed-
rosTvis binebis gadacema, xelfasis gazrda, daWrileb-
sa da daRupulTa ojaxebze zrunva — es mxolod nawi-
lia im sikeTisa, rac qarTvelma samxedrom 2013 wels mi-
iRo. albaT, yvelaze sayuradReboa is, rom 2014 wlidan
daxmareba (500 lari) daeniSneba yvela im ojaxs, rom-
lis wevri saqarTvelos teritoriuli mTlianobisTvis
brZolaSi an saerTaSoriso operaciebSi monawileobi-
sas daiRupa. es gansakuTrebiT afxazeTis omSi, 1998
wels galSi Tu 2004 wels cxinvalTan daRupulTa oja-
xebisTvis iqneba mniSvnelovani, radgan dRemde isini,
samwuxarod, yvela mTavrobas miviwyebuli hyavda.
RmerTma yvela daifaros, magram Tuki avRaneTSi qar-
Tveli samxedro kidev daiRupeba, ojaxi erTjeradi

70
daxmarebis saxiT 15.000 laris nacvlad (rogorc aqamde
iyo) 100.000 lars miiRebs.es da sxva socialur-finansu-
ri daxmarebebi samxedro mosamsaxures daanaxebs, rom
saxelmwifo zrunavs maszec da mis ojaxzec da arc mis
gmirobas daiviwyebs arasodes. es ki Zalian mniSvnelo-
vania brZolis velze sikvdilis pirispir mdgomi qvey-
nis damcvelisTvis.
biujeti da sakontraqto armia
saqarTvelos SeiaraRebuli Zalebis biujeti 2013
da 2014 wlebSi 660 mln lari iqneba, rac sazogadoebis
nawilis azriT, sruliad sakmarisi an bevricaa, Tumca
mosaxleobis aseve didi nawili miiCnevs, rom es Tanxa
qveynis Tavdacvisunarianobis asamaRleblad sakmarisi
ar aris. es Tanxa, ra Tqma unda, axali, Tanamedrove Sei-
araRebis SesaZenad sakmarisi ar aris, Tumca eyofa pi-
radi Semadgenlobis socialuri pirobebis gaumjobe-
sebas da sabrZolo mzadyofnis SenarCunebas, magram
armia xom mxolod aRlumebze gamosasvlelad ar hyavs
qveyanas — axali iaraRis SeZenac saWiroa da brZolis
meTodebis daxvewac, amas ki damatebiT ramdenime aseu-
li mln. lari mainc dasWirdeba. aseTi mokrZalebuli
samxedro biujeti, romelic Cveni mezoblebisas mniS-
vnelovnad Camouvardeba (magaliTad, azerbaijanis sam-
xedro biujets TiTqmis cxrajer), sakmarisi ar iqneba
qarTuli armiis sakontraqto samsaxurze gadasayvanad,
rac or-sam welSi iyo dagegmili.
wlis tragedia
1999 wlidan moyolebuli, rac qarTuli samxedro
kontingenti saerTaSoriso misiebSi monawileobs, ar
daRupula imdeni samxedro, ramdenic avRaneTSi 2013
wels dagveRupa. erTi Tvis ganmavlobaSi 10 samxedros

71
daRupva didi dartyma iyo qarTuli armiisTvis, Tumca
meTaurobam SeZlo situaciis kontroli. saqarTvelo-
dan hilmendis provinciaSi gaigzavna profesionali me-
naRmeebi, romelTa rekomendaciiT gaZlierda bazebis
dacvis sainJinro saSualebebi, ramac msgavsi tragedie-
bis gameorebis SesaZlebloba Seamcira.
Crdiloatlantikuri aliansi — ase axlos da ase
Sors...
saqarTvelos NATO-Si gawevreba SarSanac ausru-
lebel ocnebad darCa da uaxloes periodSi es arc
`gvemuqreba~. samagierod, gvemuqreba ruseTi da Crdi-
loatlantikuri aliansis daxmarebiT misi samxedro
agresiis mogeriebis imedi ar unda gvqondes. es mware
simarTlea da amas Tvali unda gavusworoT. miuxedavad
amisa, saqarTvelo pirnaTlad asrulebs aRebul val-
debulebas da avRaneTSi ISAF-is misiaSi Tavis 1600-ka-
cian samxedro kontingents 2014 wlis bolomde ar amci-
rebs.
gvinda imedi gvqondes, rom ISAF-is operaciis dam-
Tavrebamde, anu kidev erTi weli, avRaneTSi arc erTi
qarTveli aRar daiRupeba da Cveni samxedroebi samSob-
loSi, romelsac aranakleb sWirdeba dacva, mSvidobia-
nad dabrundebian.~
Cvens mier moyvanili magaliTi lokaluri mniSvne-
lobisaa, radgan is ZiriTadad mxolod qarTuli siv-
rcisTvisaa saintereso da mniSvnelovani. Tumca ar ga-
moiricxeba am mxriv garkveuli interesi gamoiwvios re-
gionSi da is regionuli mniSvnelobis movlenadac Ca-
iTvalos. faqti ki erTia: movlenis amgvarad warmarTva
saboloo jamSi emsaxureba qveynisaTvis sasikeTo saq-
mes da is am mimarTulebiT mniSvnelovani procesebis
ganviTarebasac Seuwyobs xels. publikacia, zogadad

72
Tanamedrove qarTuli jaris sinamdvileze mogviT-
xrobs. masSi qronologiuri TanamimdevrobiT naCvene-
bia movlenebi, romelic TiTqmis bolo erTi wlis man-
Zilze qveyanaSi ganxorcielda, Tumca TiTqmis mTeli
ori aTeuli wlis ganmavlobaSi qarTuli armiis aqilev-
sis quslad rCeboda. publikaciis avtori gvixsnis, rom
mTavari movlena armiis depolitizirebaa, romelsac
movlenaTa Semdgomi ganviTareba fexdafex sdevs: par-
tiuli wnexisagan gaTavisuflebuli qarTuli armia ga-
cilebiT metad brZolisunariani da disciplinirebu-
lia, rom qarTuli jaris Zlierebas momsaxureTa gan-
wyoba da motivacia, dazRvevis axali, gaumjobesebuli
pirobebi, samxedroTaTvis binebis gadacema, xelfase-
bis gazrda, daWrilebsa da daRupulTa ojaxebze zrun-
va qmnis. publikaciis avtori qarTuli jarisadmi mo-
saxleobis ganwyobazec mianiSnebs, rodesac ambobs, rom
` armia xom mxolod aRlumebze gamosasvlelad ar hyavs
qveyanas — axali iaraRis SeZenac saWiroa da brZolis
meTodebis daxvewac, amas ki damatebiT ramdenime aseu-
li mln. lari mainc dasWirdeba~. es yvelaferi ki imaze
mianiSnebs, rom problemas mosaxleobis Zalian didi na-
wili gulisyuriT adevnebs Tvals da ganicdis aseT
mdgomareobas. mniSvnelovan movlenaTa Tanamimdevro-
ba ara marto xsnis, aramed asabuTebs Semdgomi nabije-
bis siswores, romelic msgavsi mimarTulebiT idgmeba
qarTuli jaris cxovrebaSi da Sesabamisad dainterese-
bul auditorias eZleva saukeTeso Sansi movlenaTa
epicentrSi yofnisa. movlenaTa aseTi Tanamimdevroba,
romelic Zalze aadvilebs qarTul jarSi arsebuli re-
alobis analizs, Cveulebriv moiTxovs konkretul in-
formacias movlenaTa monawileebze, maT qmedebebze,
ideebze, Sexedulebebze. Tu rasTan gvaqvs saqme. ra
moxda? ra xdeba? ra Sedegebs velodebiT? amgvari kiT-

73
xvebis CamonaTvali da Sesabamisad amomwuravi pasuxebi
maTze mTliani warmodgenaa qarTul jarSi ganviTare-
bul movlenebze, romelsac aucileblad unda moyves
pozitiuri Sedegebi mTlianad qveynis masStabiT.
movlenis analizi moiTxovs konkretul informa-
cias iseT Semadgenel nawilebze, rogorebicaa movle-
naTa monawileni. Jurnalistma unda gaarkvios calkeu-
li movlenis monawileTa amocanebi, raTa dadgindes am-
gvar qcevaTa saboloo mizani. am yvelaferze ki infor-
macias miviRebT Tu davsvamT Ria da martiv kiTxvebs.
magaliTad: ra moxda? da ra gvaqvs Sedegad? romeli
amocanis gadaWrasTan gvaqvs saqme? romel sferos
ukavSirdeba moqmedeba? vin monawileobs masSi? romel
socialur jgufebs ganekuTvnebian monawileebi? ra
ufleba-movaleobebi gaaCniaT gadasaWrel amocanasTan
mimarTebaSi monawileebs? iyo Tu ara raime kavSiri maT
Soris? sad moxda moqmedeba? axasiaTebs Tu ara raime
Tavisebureba moqmedebis adgils? axdens Tu ara raime
gavlenas konkretuli adgili monawileTa moqmedebis
xerxebsa da saSualebebze? ra RonisZiebis gatarebiT
aris miRweuli Sedegi? ra Zalisxmeva gaxda saWiro ami-
saTvis da visi mxridan? ra winapirobebi uwyobda xels
yovelive amas? rodis moxda movlena? rogoria misi da-
debiTi an uaryofiTi Sedegebi sazogadoebisaTvis, gar-
kveuli socialuri jgufebisaTvis, moqmedebis monawi-
leebisaTvis da sxva. Jurnalists SeuZlia daadginos
urTierTkavSiri movlenaTa kanonzomierebasa da mis
mniSvnelobaze.
bunebrivia, aranakleb sainteresoa movlena, rome-
lic bunebrivad warmoiSoba da is adamianis an adamian-
Ta jgufisagan damoukideblad `mogvevlineba~. metic,
mas ar elodebian, ar fiqroben masze da Sesabamisad arc
ganicdian `masze~. swored am dros aris yvelaze sainte-

74
reso, mniSvnelovani da masStaburi. mag.rodesac 2013
wlis TebervalSi ruseTSi, uralSi meteori Camovarda
da qalaqi Celiabinskic Zalze daazarala.
`kviris palitra~-18-02-2013, publikaciidan `mete-
ori Camovarda~.
– aq 1200-ze meti kaci daSavda. TviTmxilvelebis
cnobiT, caSi jer gaurkveveli obieqti gamoCnda, ro-
melsac naTeba da gruxuni mohyva. qalaqSi TiTqmis yve-
la SuSa Caimtvra, iyo ngrevac. dazaralda 3,5 aTasi sax-
li, 370-ze meti saswavlo dawesebuleba. mosaxleoba pa-
nikam moicva. nasas cnobiT, atmosferoSi Semosvlisas
meteoris afeTqebis simZlavre 20-jer aRemateboda hi-
rosimaSi atomuri bombis afeTqebis Zalas. mecnierebma
am movlenis Seswavla daiwyes~.
cxadia, amgvar movlenaTa specifikuroba uTuod
gansazRvravs mis arealsac da gasagebia, rom msoflios
nebismier wertilSi Seecdebian socialuri qselebis
saSualebiT mis naxvas. cxadia, rom yoveli movlena pa-
suxobs sam ZiriTad kiTxvas: ra moxda? rodis moxda?
sad moxda? aseT dros ara aqvs gadamwyveti mniSvneloba
kiTxvebs. mTavaria movleniT gamowveuli an mosalod-
neli Sedegi ra aris an ra iqneba.
ra? sad? rodis? JurnalistikisaTvis da zogadad
Tanamedrove samyarosaTvis aqilevsis quslad qceuli
es sami kiTxva pirvel rigSi sam konkretul pasuxs saWi-
roebs, romelTa amocanaa axsnas adamianTa damokidebu-
lebani realobisadmi, konkretuli movlenebisadmi,
romlebic adamianur enaze saqmisadmi damokidebule-
bas, pozicias gamoxatavs, sinamdvileSi ki warmatebis
miRwevis Tu warumateblobisaken savali gzebis dasa-
laSqrad imave kacobriobas faqtebis, movlenebis, pro-
cesebis cnebebiT gamousaxavs; uamravjer axsnili da

75
gaTavisebuli, kvlav axsnisa Tu axleburad danaxvisa
da gancdis wyurviliT Seumosavs an gauTavisebia. Ti-
Toeul SemTxvevaSi CvenTvis saintereso movlena ar-
kvevs realobis niadags da mxolod amis Semdeg mivdi-
varT Sesabamis daskvnamde, ar daekargos movlenas mniS-
vneloba da zustad ganisazRvros Sedegi, raTa gavigoT
yvelaze mTavari, — ra SeiZleba moxdes momavalSi.

literatura:

1. e.heivudi-politikuri ideologiebi, Tb.,2004

2. k. entoni apia, Rirsebis kodeqsi, rogor xdeba zneobrivi
revoluciebi, Tb.,2014
3. m. menCeri-axali ambebis gaSuqeba da wera, Tb.,2013
4. `kviris palitra~-27-01-2014
5. `kviris palitra~ — 12-04-2010
6. `kviris palitra~-23-12-2013
7. `kviris palitra~-18-02-2013

IV-2

procesi

procesi erTmaneTTan mizezSedegobriv kavSirSi

myof movlenaTa Tanamimdevruli ganviTarebaa. SeiZle-
ba iTqvas, rom es aris movlenaTa ganviTarebis Sedegi,
rogorc winapirobiTi safuZveli — mizezi axali rea-
lobis Semdgom safexurze, axal etapze gadasasvlelad.
dinamiur qmedebaTa myari Tanamimdevroba sxvadasxva
mdgomareobis momcvelia. pirveli nabiji meores gana-
pirobebs, meore mesames da ase grZeldeba manam, sanam

76
dinamiuri procesi statikurs ar daeqvemdebareba. igu-
lisxmeba konkretul etapze mizez-Sedegobriv kavSir-
Si myof movlenaTa ganviTarebis safuZvelze warmoSo-
bili axali realoba Tavisi ganviTarebis kulminaciuri
gamosaxviT da dinamikuri qmedebis statikurad gar-
daqmnis warmodgeniT. es ki Tavis mxvriv is arsebuli
realobaa, romelmac `sakuTari ganviTarebis~ piks,
zRvars miaRwia da ukve axali sinamdvilis Seqmnis Tu
warmoqmnis gancdis safuZvelze mocemul etapze kvla-
vac `axali realobis~ warmoSobisaTvis (brZolas) moq-
medebas agrZelebs. es ki Tavis mxvriv iseT qmedebaTa
dinamiuri rigia, romlebic pasuxoben konkretul etap-
ze konkretuli amocanis Sesrulebas sxvadasxva Sinaar-
siTa da mdgomareobiT. e.i. cxovreba, viTareba, realo-
ba, sinamdvile, adamianuri da sazogadoebrivi urTier-
Tobebi mudmiv `ganaxlebas~, cvlilebas, moZraobas, di-
namikas ganicdian da procesi uwyvet reJimSi grZelde-
ba, Tundac bunebrivi, kanonzomieri wesiTa da rigiT.
`ganviTareba da evolucia aris movlena imisa, rac ukve
aris~(1-1). realobas veravin SeaCerebs, dinamikas vera-
vin Secvlis, situacias sarCulad (sargeblad) iyeneben
mxolod... yvelaferi es da kidev mravali sxva, romelic
adamianuri cxovrebis gamomxatvel urTierTobebsac
ganapirobebs, procesis erTi etapis dasasruls niS-
navs, da amave dros, meoris anu axlis dasawyiss, rode-
sac ukve yofils, anu `Zvels~, raime axali moqmedeba Ca-
enacvleba... swored es aris gansakuTrebuli interesi-
sa da zrunvis sagani da kidev sazogadoebriv cxovreba-
Si ganviTarebul movlenaTa analizi, anu mizez-Sede-
gobrivi kavSiris dadgena, da garkveva imisa, Tu konkre-
tulad ra garemoebebma da faqtorebma ganapiroba mov-
lenaTa ganviTarebis amgvari logika, romelmac mizez-
Sedegobrivi kavSiris safuZvelze niadagi moumzada

77
anu Seqmna sasurveli situacia da myarad gadajaWva er-
TmaneTTan survili da realoba, romelmac Tavis mxriv
gamoiwvia da daaCqara kidec movlenaTa Semdgomi ganvi-
Tarebis amgvari Tanamimdevroba da dinamika, upirvele-
si qvakuTxedia procesebis analizisaTvis. Tu ar gves-
mis, ver vgrZnobT, ver vxedavT movlenaTa mizez-Sede-
gobrivi kanonzomieri ganviTarebis arss, dinamikas yu-
ri mivugdoT, Cvens winaSe dasmul mTavar kiTxvebsac:
ratom? rogor? upasuxod davtovebT. Sesabamisad, ve-
rasodes gavalT urTierTgamomwvev movlenaTa sawyis
rgolze. es rgoli ki SesaZloa aRmoCndes sworedac is
sawyisi rgoli, romelmac ara mxolod Teoriulad,
praqtikuladac ki dagvakavSiros da agvixsnas realur
qmedebaTa Sedegad warmoqmnil faqtTa mniSvnelovneba,
mravalgvaroba, dagvanaxos konkretul adamianTa qce-
vebisa Tu motivaciis safuZveli da gvaCvenos mizani am-
gvar qmedebaTa (qcevaTa)gamoxatvisa, romelmac zusti,
konkretuli, sagnobrivi saxe miiRo. `cxadia, es samoq-
medo wre ara statikurad, aramed kumulaciurad mimdi-
nare procesebis CarCod moiazreba~(2-1). aqedan gamom-
dinare, SesaZloa gairkves kidec Tu ra garemoebebma
ganapiroba, ra faqtorebma warmoSva, ra detalebma
ukarnaxa (fuli, piradi an sazogadoebrivi interesi,
siyvaruli, siZulvili, Suri, angareba...), anu sad warmo-
iSva motivi? ra gaxda yovelive amis mizezi? (ideaTa, Se-
xedulebaTa sxvadasxvaoba, pirvelobisaTvis brZola,
qveynis ganviTarebis kursis cvla, progresis damkvid-
rebis wyurvili,) yvela is cxovrebiseuli-adamianuri
miswrafebani, ramac aqcia is sxva movlenebis winapiro-
bad da a.S. savsebiT SesaZlebelia, rom jaWvis mTavari
rgolis kvlevisas Jurnalistma gamoarkvios Tu ra
procesebi (romelTa mizezi aris mimdinare movlenebi,
ambebi) SesaZloa moyves mizez-Sedegobrivi kavSiris Se-

78
degad ganviTarebul faqtebs, romelic mocemul etap-
ze kanonzomieri realobis Semqmnel (xelisSemwyob) si-
tuaciaSi mogvevlina. `ra Tqma unda, Znelia sazogado-
ebriv movlenaTa mTeli mravalsaxeobis dinamikis da-
fiqsireba, magram socialuri sivrcis zemoqmedebis Ta-
viseburebaTa gaTvaliswinebis gareSe, yvelaze awonil-
dawonili strategiac ki warumatebeli aRmoCndeba~ (3-
1). amitomac virCevT ra sawyis movlenas, romelic Ta-
visTavad CarTulia Semdgom moqmedebaTa `eskalacia-
Si~, rogorc Tevzi wyalSi `pirveli movlena~ ise
grZnobs Tavs da Sesabamisad qmnis kidec sasurvel si-
tuacias — garemo pirobebs imisaTvis, rom yoveli mom-
devno qmedeba mis mierve dasaxul mizans daeqvemdeba-
ros. Tu Jurnalisti movlenaTa kvlevisas universa-
lur kavSirSi ganixilavs calkeuli movlenis warmom-
Sob mizezebs, martivi gaxdeba erTi mTliani rgolis ga-
momwvev garemoebaTa warmodgena anu mTliani jaWvis sa-
TaveSi moqceva da mizanmimarTul qmedebaTa kavSirebis
gansazRvra.
movlenaTa Sefasebis pirveli da umniSvnelovanesi
winapirobaa gairkves aRmocenebuli procesis sawyisi
etapi, anu saWiroa Sesabamisi mtkicebulebani myari ar-
gumentebiT, garemoebebiTa da faqtorebiT, ramac unda
Segviqmnas mkafio warmodgena ZiriTad, amosaval mov-
lenaze, romelic Tavis mxvriv Sesabamisi situaciisa da
Sinaarsis Semcveli informaciis mosapoveblad saWiro
wyaroebze gagviyvans. Jurnalistis piradi ganwyoba da
mobilizeba, fiqri imaze Tu ra materialur da ideur
resursebs ukavSirdeba es yovelive, uzrunvelyofs
realobis rogorc Sinaarsobrivi, ise Teoriuli da
praqtikuli mocemulobis amocnobas, Seswavlasa da
prognozirebas, rac Tavis mxvriv ganapirobebs monaTe-
save Temebisa da sakiTxebis (samomavlod) drouli rea-

79
girebis SesaZleblobebs. ` Jurnalistebis `didi nawili
amjobinebs gulSi Caimarxos Tavisi rwmenis zogadi
principebi da safuZvlebi, xolo sajaro gamosvlebSi
cdilobs, sakuTari daskvnebi maqsimalurad moargos
TavisTvis Sinaganad miuRebel wanamZRvrebs, ver gamob-
rZmeds im Ria, uSiSar xasiaTebsa da logikurad Tanmim-
devrul inteleqts, romlebic odesRac amSvenebdnen
moazrovne samyaros~(4-1). yovelive es, Tavis mxvriv mo-
iTxovs sakmaris codnas arsebiT problemebsa da piro-
bebze, romlis drosac SeiZleba moxdes situaciis sxva-
dasxva mimarTulebiT ganviTareba. Jurnalists unda
hqondes Sesabamisi kompetencia da gamocdileba Seis-
wavlos da argumentirebulad warmoaCinos Teoriulad
dasabuTebuli ganxorcielebuli Tu gansaxorcielebe-
li gegmebi, romelic dasaxuli miznebis miRwevisaTvis
Zalze mniSvnelovan garemoebebs mouyris erTad Tavs,
rac aseve saintereso iqneba sxvadasxva socialuri
jgufebisaTvis. arsebuli realobis (situaciis) `mkac-
ri pirobebis~ dacviTa da gaTvaliswinebiT, ise rom mi-
ukerZoeblad, safuZvelSive ganisazRvros sazogado-
ebrivi procesebis warmoSobis kanonzomiereba logiku-
ri, socialuri, Teoriuli, piradi gamocdilebis sa-
fuZvelze unda gamovlindes yvela is mniSvnelovani wi-
napiroba (garemoebebi, faqtorebi, detalebi, wvrilma-
nebi...), romelmac gansaxilveli procesis warmatebuli
(an warumatebeli) ganviTareba ganapiroba.
procesis Seswavla-Secnoba missave aqtualobaSi,
masStaburobasa da sazogadoebriv interesSia. yoveli-
ve es warmodgenili realobis Sina arsSi devs da prob-
lematikiT ganisazRvreba. areali, romelic moicavs
sivrcobriv TvalTaxedvas, rac ganpirobebulia drois
faqtoriT, Sedgeba sami umniSvnelovanesi velis — sin-
taqtikis, semantikisa da pragmatikisagan, romelTa ga-

80
reSe warmoudgenelia gavigoT procesebis arsSi wvdo-
mis roli da mniSvneloba. swored aq Cans procesis, ro-
gorc gansakuTrebuli da gamorCeuli mudmivad cvale-
badi bunebis mqone elementis filosofiuri samyaro,
Tundac misi miznobrioba da pragmatuloba. sinamdvile-
faqti-movlena-situacia, romelic ganapirobebs Sesaba-
misi procesis (procesebis, marTuli Tu umarTavi) war-
moSobis xasiaTs, vimeorebT, missave masStaburobaze mia-
niSnebs, rac upirvelesad farTo arealiT ganisazRvre-
ba. Tu procesebi xelovnurad aris gamowveuli, anu vin-
mes mier gaweril gegmas emorCileba, am SemTxvevaSi pro-
cesebi marTuli xdeba. mag. arabuli revoluciebi, ro-
melmac momakvdineblad imoqmeda am qveynebis ekonomika-
ze, demokratiul procesebze. `regionalurma reformam
ki ar moaSuSa, aramed ufro gaamwvava arsebuli istori-
uli uTanasworoba~(5-1), da es yvelaferi cxovrebis yve-
la etapze aisaxa. es daetyo ara mxolod qveynis politi-
kuri da ekonomikuri ganviTarebis strategias, romlis
drosac aucileblad moiSleba tradiciuli myari eko-
nomikuri safuZveli qveynisa: fulis inflacia, erovnu-
li produqciis warmoebis Seferxeba, eqsportis maqsima-
lurad Semcireba, aramed es gadaizrdeba xelfasebisa
da pensiebis gaucemlobaSi, es ki gamoiwvevs xelaxal sap-
rotesto gamosvlebs maswavleblebis, jandacvis sfe-
ros muSakebis, kulturis dargis moRvaweebis da Sesaba-
misad, qveyanaSi sxvadasxva socialur jgufTa dapiris-
pirebaSi gadaizrdeba. saerTo jamSi movlenebis im mi-
marTulebiT ganviTarebas, romelsac, ra Tqma unda, Se-
sabamisi xelovnuri situaciebi uqmnian safuZvels, mi-
zez-Sedegobrivi kavSiriT fexdafex hyveba xolme pro-
cesebis ganviTareba. ra Tqma unda, igive Sinaarsis qmede-
bebi, rac movlenebis ganviTarebis dros iCens xolme
Tavs, umarTavi procesebis warmoSobas ganapirobebs, ra-

81
sac procesebis eskalacias uwodeben, (rac gulisxmos
`marTuli procesebis~ sadaveebis xelidan gaSvebas-anu
gauTvaliswinebeli garemoebebis safuZvelze Seqmnili
mZime viTarebis Sedegad warmoSobil umarTav realo-
bas). rodesac romelime politikoss `dawerili scenari
xelidan gauvardeba~ da sazogadoeba brbod gadaiqceva.
es yvelaferi kargad Cans sxvadasxva qveynebis ganviTa-
rebis calkeul etapebze,(maT Soris saqarTvelos maga-
liTzec. gavixsenoT gasuli saukunis 90-iani wlebis
TbilisSi arsebuli viTareba), rodesac sruliad udana-
Saulo moqalaqeebi erTmaneTs upirispirdebian, imarTe-
ba xelCarTuli brZola, iRvreba sisxli da qveyana zoga-
dad samoqalaqo dapirispirebis WaobSi iZireba. am Sem-
TvevaSic ki, am yvelafers aqvs Tavisi logikuri dasas-
ruli anu procesis raRac zRvari, rodesac garkveul
etapze es yvelaferi mTavrdeba da sazogadoebrivi Za-
lebi axali wesrigis SesaTanxmeblad molaparakebis ma-
gidas miusxdebian. swored `ukve am fazaSi Cans, Tu ro-
gor muSaobs centraluri mmarTvelis sasargeblod da-
Zabulobani sazogadoebis gansxvavebul, socialur
jgufebs Soris~ (6-1).
ra iwvevs process da rogoria misi Sinaarsi? es ga-
momdinareobs iqidan, Tu ra Sinaarsis, ra xasiaTis mata-
rebelia procesis gamomwvevi movlena. Tu movlenis
arss kargad gavigebT da Sesabamisad kargadac gavaana-
lizebT, maSin SesaZlebelia procesebis Sesabamisi, Se-
satyvisi gadawyvetillebebis miReba da is yovelTvis
kontrols daeqvemdebareba. Tu avcdiT movlenaTa gan-
viTarebis sazRvrebs, Tu gagveqca sadaveebi, romliTac
Cven procesebis gakontrolebas SevecdebodiT, maSin
procesebi umarTavi xdeba. procesis arsi movlenis ana-
lizSi anu mis bolomde axsnaSi mdgomareobs. ar SeiZle-
ba mosavlis moyvanis, aRebis procesis SeCereba an gada-

82
deba imis gamo, rom qveyanaSi fulis inflaciaa an sawva-
vis nakleboba, an axali teqnikis SeZenaa saWiro. mosav-
lis aRebis procesi Semodgomaze iwyeba, magram davak-
virdeT saidan iRebs saTaves es yvelaferi? adre ga-
zafxulidan, rodesac gazafxuli dgeba, miwa Tbeba da
buneba mzadaa axali sicocxlis dasawyebad. anu buneb-
rivi movlenebi am SemTxvevaSi Tanmxvedria adamianuri
survilebisa Tu mcdelobebisa. niadagis damuSavebas da
saTesle masalebis daTesvas, Sedegad meore etapi moh-
yveba xolme, amis Semdeg ki iwyeba isev Semdgomi etapi —
anu aRmoceneba Teslisa, amis Semdgom ki isev Semdgomi
etapi — zrdis dasruleba, nayofis aRmoceneba, damwi-
feba anu es movlenebi safuZvels, niadags amzadebs sa-
boloo daskvniTi procesisaTvis. magram procesi das-
rulebadi arasdros araa. es aris mxolod erTi etapis
dasasruli da Semdgom ki procesi axali ganviTarebi-
saTvis emzadeba... Tu Cven am yvelafers xels SevuSliT
da ar SevqmniT noyier niadags da xels ar SevuwyobT am-
gvar sinamdviled gardavqmnaT realoba, Sedegad moh-
yveba xolme axali imedgacrueba: dauxnav-dauTesavi mi-
webi, soflebis dacarieleba, ukiduresi gaWirveba da
siRatake, muSaxelis sazRvargareT gadineba ojaxebis
gamoikvebis mizniT — lukma-purisa da sarCo-sabadeb-
lis saZebrad, soflebis moSlas skolebis, sxva dawese-
bulebaTa moSla da saboloo jamSi es `xelovnuri~
procesi qveynis interesebis sazianod ganxorcielde-
ba, rac SesaZloa saxelmwifos funqciebis moSlas gamo-
iwvevs, eri gadaSenebas daiwyebs: mama-papiseul adgi-
lebs ucxotomelebi daepatronebian, mitovebul sof-
lebSi gadamTielebi Camosaxldebian, saboloo jamSi
cneba — samSoblo, miwa, mamuli, ojaxi, adgilis deda —
azrs dakargavs da pirovnebisaTvis mTavari Rirseba
lukma-puris Sovna iqneba mxolod. es ukve umarTavi

83
procesia.
ganvixiloT magaliTebi: gazeTi `kviris palitra~,
19-12-2011, xaTuna paiWaZis publikaciidan `gamocxade-
buli omi Tavisufali presis winaaRmdeg, gamoucxade-
beli arCevnebis win!~
`Cveni gazeTis gamosvlis dRisTvis TbilisSi ar-
sebul presaze specializebuli 140-150 jixuridan sul
ramdenimeRa iqneba darCenili da maTac, savaraudod,
wlis bolomde aiReben. damoukidebel medias mZime
droeba daudga. rac ufro axlovdeba arCevnebi, TiTo-
euli Cvengani am simZimes sul ufro naTlad grZnobs.
CvenTvis, damoukidebeli mediis JurnalistebisTvis,
didi xania sajaro informaciis mopovebac ki udides
ZalisxmevasTan aris dakavSirebuli, magram axla saf-
rTxe ukve am mZime SromiT mopovebuli informaciis
gavrcelebas emuqreba. rac ufro axlovdeba arCevnebi,
safrTxe miT realuri da xelSesaxebi xdeba. politi-
kur krizisSi myofma xelisuflebam brWyalebi gamoaCi-
na da damoukidebel medias aSkara omi gamoucxada.~
Tvali gavadevnoT rogor gadmoscems Jurnalisti
arsebul viTarebas, rogori TanamimdevrobiT xsnis
mimdinare movlenebs da rogor cdilobs aCvenos kidec
ra SeiZleba moyves Sedegad movlenaTa amgvar ganviTa-
rebas. Jurnalisti iwyebs pirvel rigSi damoukidebeli
mediis mZime droebaze saubars, Semdgom gadadis moax-
loebul arCevnebze, xazs usvams damoukidebeli mediis
JurnalistebisTvis sajaro informaciis mopovebisaT-
vis udides Zalisxmevas da am CamonaTvaliT anu aseTi
TanamimdevrobiT nabij-nabij amzadebs mkiTxvels axa-
li, ufro mZime da autaneli mosalodneli safrTxis
gacnobisa Tu gacnobierebisaTvis, rac umZimesi Sromis
Sedegad mopovebuli informaciis gavrcelebas SesaZ-

84
loa daemuqros, rom es yvelaferi ufro mZimdeba `po-
litikur krizisSi~ myofi xelisuflebis gamo da a.S.
Tvali gavadevnoT detalebs, romlebmac xeli Seuwyves
movlenebis amgvar ganviTarebas:
damoukidebeli media-----moaxloebuli arCevne-
bi-------sajaro informacia-----gavrcelebis SezRud-
va...
TiToeuli detali Tavis mxvriv, kolosalur Sro-
masa da energias moiTxovs: Tu gaviTavisebT, ras niSnavs
Tavisufali da damoukidebeli media, naTeli gaxdeba
misi SenarCunebisaTvis ra titanuri Sromaa saWiro, ro-
melic Tavis mxvriv gadis gonebriv, materialur da
teqnikur wnexs, romelsac yvela ver daZlevs, ver gada-
laxavs...
moaxloebuli arCevnebi---romelic nebismier epo-
qaSi, nebismieri donis xelisufalTaTvis yvelaze
mtkivneuli da `cxeli~ wertilia...
sajaro informacia----nebismieri informacia sa-
jaroa, garda konfidencialurisa, (romelic exeba sa-
xelmwifo saidumloebebs, laxavs pirovnebis pirad
Rirsebasa da interesebs), magram misi mopoveba Zalze
rTulia. ratom? aravis ar aqvs survili, arc erT Ci-
novniksa Tu saxelmwifo moxeles masze `monitoringi~
ganaxorcielon da sazogadoebas dawvrilebiT mouT-
xron Tu ras da rogor saqmianobs...
gavrcelebis SezRudva... pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT
mediis mogudvas niSnavs. anu mas varTmevT im uflebas,
rac mis bunebaSi devs. sruliad bunebrivia, reaqciac
Sesabamisi rom hqondes...
detalebis amgvari analizi gvaZlevs safuZvels
vTqvaT, rom movlenebis amgvari ganviTareba anu damo-
ukidebel mediaze zemoqmedebis mkacri berketebi adre
Tu gvian Sesabamis ukureaqcias, ukuprocess gamoiwvevs

85
da Sedegebic savalalo gveqneba. (pirveli mniSvnelova-
ni garemoeba, romelic qmnis sasurvel situacias mov-
lenebis Semdgomi ganviTarebisaken. pirveli rgoli)
`damoukidebel mediaze, gansakuTrebiT ki presa-
ze, ieriSi pirvelad prezidentma mixeil saakaSvilma
miitana. man erT-erTi sajaro gamosvlisas warmoudge-
neli ram brZana: saSineli qarTuli gazeTebis kiTxva ar
Rirso da sabiujeto organizaciebs mouwoda, maTi ga-
mowera SeewyvitaT. male asec moxda, bevrma sabiujeto
organizaciam Sewyvita im gazeTebis gamowera, romle-
bic saxelisuflebo mediis siaSi ar moiazrebodnen, xo-
lo deputatebi da saxelmwifo moxeleebi erTxans ga-
zeTebs pijakis qveS saguldagulod malavdnen~.
gavyveT publikacias: prezidenti mouwodebs sabi-
ujeto organizaciebs aRar gamoiweron gazeTebi, xolo
deputatebi gazeTebs pijakis qves malulad kiTxulo-
ben.
prezidentis mowodeba-----sabiujeto organizaci-
ebi---informaciis malulad gacnoba...
prezidentis mowodeba, romelic Tavidanve nega-
tiuri muxtiTaa gaJRenTili, Zalzed uaryofiTad aisa-
xeba ara mxolod presis mesveurTa mxridan, aramed im
organizaciebis mxridanac, vis mimarTac aris amgvari
mowodeba da Sesabamisad es zrdis imave sabiujeto or-
ganizaciebSi dasaqmebuli adamianebis uaryofiTi da-
mokidebulebis xarisxs Tundac prezidentisadmi.
`Jurnalistebs sruli ufleba aqvT weron kanondar-
Rvevebis Sesaxeb da sasacilodac ki aigdon nebismieri
adamiani, gansakuTrebiT, Tu is oficialuri piria~(8-1).
amas emateba im deputatebis uaryofiTi muxtic, rom-
lebic gazeTebs pijakis qves malulad kiTxuloben da
aqvT survili, gaecnon presaSi dabeWdil informacias

86
qveyanaSi mimdinare viTarebasTan da zogadad gaigon ra
xdeba ara mxolod sakuTar qveyanaSi, aramed msoflio-
Sic. (meore mniSvnelovani garemoeba, romelic qmnis sa-
survel situacias morigi axali movlenis warmosaqmne-
lad, meore rgoli).
Jurnalisti cdilobs amgvar movlenaTa warmomSob
mizezebs axsna mouZebnos anu iqidan daiwyos, saidanac
wamovida amgvar qmedebaTa aucilebloba, ratom gaCnda
zogadad saWiroeba imisa, rom qveyanaSi sityvis Tavi-
suflebas seriozuli safrTxeebi Seqmnoda? ra faqto-
rebma ganapiroba? ra detalebma warmoSva igi? ra gare-
moebebma ukarnaxa xelisuflebas amgvari nabijis gada-
sadgmelad? vin iyo am yvelafris organizatori? `si-
marTle rTuli da xandaxan winaaRmdegobrivi fenome-
nia, magram, radgan is SeiZleba droSi gawelil proce-
sad miviCnioT, Jurnalists misi aRqma SeuZlia~(9-1).
cxadia, am yvelafris mizezi iyo saSiSroeba imisa, rac
moyveboda xelisuflebis amgvar damokidebulebas sa-
zogadoebis mxridan. mizez-Sedegobrivi kavSiri, jaW-
vuri rgoli mimdinare movlenebSi... xelisufleba, ro-
melic grZnobda aSkara saSiSroebas moZalebuli Tavi-
sufali presis gamo, rodesac xalxs yvelaferi drou-
lad da operatiulad miewodeboda maTsave Cadenil
`sagmiro saqmeebze~, romelsac adeqvaturi reaqcia
moyveboda sazogadoebis mxridan, qmediTi RonisZiebe-
bis gatarebas isaxavda miznad. ra nabijebi unda gadaed-
ga xelisuflebas? ra Tqma unda maTi mxridan TiTqosda
adeqvaturi, magram am yvelafers piruku reaqcia moh-
yva presis gamavrcelebelTa mxridan: `masStaburi
brZola presasTan 2009 wels daiwyo, agrZelebs avtori
da dasZens, rom erT-erTi `mniSvnelovani reforma~,
romelic `vardebis revoluciis~ Semdgom mosulma xe-
lisuflebam gaatara, dedaqalaqis centraluri ubne-

87
bidan presis gamavrcelebeli jixurebisa da stelaJe-
bis aReba iyo. Turme, isini Tbiliss amaxinjebdnen~.
movlenebi jaWvuri reaqciiT anu mizez-Sedegob-
rivi kavSiris safuZvelze iwyeben ganviTarebas. swored
amis Sedegi iyo xelisuflebis mxridan presis gamav-
rcelebeli jixurebisa da stelaJebis aReba, (anu jaW-
vis meramdene rgolia aRniSnuli problema, romelic
movlenebis ganviTarebis metad saintereso suraTs
warmogvidgens?) naTeli Seiqna, rom stelaJebisa da ji-
xurebis akrZalva Jurnal-gazeTebis realizaciaSi xe-
lis SeSlas isaxavda miznad.
bunebrivia, rac ufro naklebia sarealizacio
punqti, miT naklebia tiraJi, rac naklebia tiraJi, miT
naklebia Semosavali. movlenebis ganviTarebaSi mniS-
vnelovania im faqtorebis rolisa da mniSvnelobis gan-
sazRvra, romelmac ganapiroba aRniSnuli problemis
gansakuTrebuloba da gamorCeuloba: (1)sarealizacio
punqtebis nakleboba ganpirobebulia (2) dabali tira-
JiT, Sesabamisad naklebi tiraJi (3)mcire Semosavals
gulisxmobs, es ki asaxvas poulobs mediis (4)ganviTare-
bis SesaZleblobebze... es aris mesame mniSvnelovani ga-
remoeba, romelic qmnis sasurvel situacias procesis
warmosaqmnelad… (mesame rgoli). es yvelaferi Tavisu-
fali mediis ganviTarebis SesaZleblobas klavs da iZu-
lebuls xdis, raRacaze an viRacaze iyos damokidebu-
li. movlenaTa Semdgomi ganviTarebis situaciuri ana-
lizi, rodesac situacia ki ar mijnavs faqtebs erTma-
neTisagan, aramed kidev ufro saintereso suraTs qmnis
movlenaTa Semdgomi ganviTarebisaTvis. anu adgili
aqvs mTliani moqmedebis suraTis mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb
garkvevis mcdelobas, rac iZleva saSualebas sxvadas-
xva garemoebaTa safuZvelze warmoSobili realoba

88
movlenis erT mTlian konkretul rgolad gardaiqmnas
da raRac etapze mniSvnelovan procesSi gadaizardos:
`amas ki mediis mwvave reaqcia mohyva. am ambavSi drou-
lad Caeria saqarTveloSi akreditebuli diplomatiu-
ri korpusi. (axali procesis sawyisi, pirveli etapis
dasawyisi, rodesac dinamikuri qmedeba statikurad xe-
lovnurad gardaiqmneba. procesis dasawyisi, roca faq-
tisadmi interesi da masStabebi izrdeba, anu iseTi
mdgomareobaa, rodesac dro da sivrce ganuyofeli
xdeba, realoba gansakuTrebul kulminaciur simaRles
aRwevs da Seqmnili situacia aucilebel, qmediT reagi-
rebas saWiroebs) da xelisuflebam maSin `ukan daixia: -
ganacxada, tenderi gamocxaddeba da vinc saukeTeso
dizainis jixurebs SemogvTavazebs, Jurnal-gazeTebis
prestiJul adgilebze gayidvis uflebasac is miiReb-
so. (morigi axali procesis ganmsazRvreli detalebi,
faqtorebi, garemoebebi...(procesis pirveli etapis anu
dinamikuri qmedebis statikurSi xelovnurad gadata-
nis mcdeloba, romelic ara Tu ganmuxtavs situacias,
aramed ubiZgebs kidec Semdgomi eskalaciisaken) — `pre-
sis gamavrceleblebma imuSaves da merias Jurnal-gaze-
Tebis jixurebis dizainis ramdenime nimuSi da im adgi-
lebis sia warudgines, sadac jixurebis dadgmas moi-
survebdnen. [1]-meriis dapireba tenderze gaWianurda,
Cven ki sul male gasakviri ambis mowmeni gavxdiT: erT
mSvenier dRes, utenderod da ukonkursod, Tbilisis
quCebSi, maT Soris iqac, sadac adre sxva gamavrceleb-
lebis jixurebi idga, xelisuflebasTan daaxloebuli
firmis, presis sarealizacio (Tumca, mogvianebiT ro-
gorc gairkva, isini sul sxva mizniT, e.w. gare rekla-
misTvis da latariis bileTebis sarealizaciod iyo
gankuTvnili) [2]-axali jixurebi gamoCndnen, aseve axa-

89
li [3]-gazeT `praim taimis~ sareklamo banerebiT, Tanac
swored [4]-im dizainiT, romelic merias gamavrceleb-
lebma warudgines da swored [5]-im adgilebSi, romle-
bic presis gamavrceleblebma TavianT proeqtSi miuTi-
Tes(?)~. warmodgenili detalebi, romlebic kidev ufro
metad amwvaveben viTarebas, aCveneben xelisufalTa
uniaTo, gauTvlel da abuCadamgdeb damokidebulebas,
rac procesis Semdgomi ganviTarebisaken, anu eskala-
ciisaken aris mimarTuli...(procesis Semdgomi etapis
anu dinamikuri qmedebis statikurSi xelovnurad gada-
tanis morigi, windauxedavi mcdeloba, romelic ara Tu
ganmuxtavs situacias, piriqiT ubiZgebs kidec Semdgo-
mi eskalaciisaken).
`rogorc Cans, ugulavas kantoraSi ifiqres, raRa
Cven vimuSaoT dizainze, presis sarealizaciod momge-
biani adgilebis SerCevaze vitexoT Tavi, presis gamav-
rceleblebs davpirdeT yvelafers, saqme gavakeTebi-
noT da mere `gadavagdoTo~. asec moxda, magram meriis
axali proeqti, romelic imTaviTve presis gavrcelebis
monopolizaciisa da Semdeg damoukidebeli presis Ca-
saZirad wamoiwyes, samarcxvinod Caflavda. verc axali
gazeTi `praim taimi~ gaxda qarTuli presis lideri da
verc `vai distribiuSenis~ jixurebi presis gamavrce-
lebelTa flagmani...~ — (xelisuflebis amdagvarma da-
mokidebulebam sazogadoebis mxridan gaaCina mravali
axali termini--kantora, jixurebi presis gamavrcele-
belTa flagmani) presis asociaciis iniciativiT, ga-
momcemlobebma am jixurebSi sakuTari gazeTebi ar Sei-
tanes!~... (procesi grZeldeba. xelisuflebis mxridan
gadadgmul amgvar nabijebs dRiTi-dRe uaryofiTi Se-
degebi moaqvs. Tvali gavadevnoT movlenaTa Semdgom
msvlelobas, anu situacias, romelic axali procesis

90
warmoSobisaTvis iwyebs brZolas).
`radgan es Seteva arcTu efeqturi aRmoCnda, xe-
lisuflebam gadawyvita cal-calke moevlo mediasaSu-
alebebisTvis da yvelaze warmatebuli, damoukidebeli
mediaorganizaciisTvis — `palitramedias~ eqvs organi-
zaciaSi erTdroulad (rogorc gvarwmunebdnen, lo-
totronis principiT) sagadasaxado samsaxuri Sevida
da Zirfesviani sagadasaxado Semowmeba daiwyo~...
procesi grZeldeba, anu es aris procesebis Semdgo-
mi eskalacia, roca sadaveebis xelidan `gaSveba~ xdeba,
roca ukve e.w. gawerili, xelovnuri gegma moqmedebebisa
aRar amarTlebs da Tavad situacia da Seqmnili viTare-
ba ganapirobebs Sesabamis qmedebas anu Tavad aiZulebs
xelisuflebas mis Sesabamisad moqmedebas da ara maT(anu
xelisuflebis gegmis mixedviT moqmedebas). `Tumca, sa-
surveli nayofi verc am Semowmebam gamoiRo, — didi
mcdelobis miuxedavad, sagadasaxado samsaxurma `pa-
litramediaSi~ seriozuli darRvevebi ver ipova~...
procesis Semdgomi etapis anu dinamikuri qmedebis
statikurSi gadasvla arsebuli situaciidan, realuri
viTarebidan gamomdinareobs. dinamiuri qmedebis sta-
tikuri realobiT Canacvleba procesis erTi mniSvne-
lovani nawilis dasasrulia. magram xSirad procesebi
ar aris mudmivad statikuri. nebismierma procesma Se-
saZloa kvlavac iCinos Tavi adre Tu gvian, rac damoki-
debulia Tavad procesis arsis (faqtis) mniSvnelobasa
da Sinaarsze, anu interesTa arealze. yovelive amas di-
di yuradReba da analizi Wirdeba Jurnalistebis mxri-
dan, radgan `ar SeiZleba, faqtebis saeWvo interpreta-
cia. metic, faqtebiT manipulirebam SesaZloa gamoiwvi-
os arazusti an araswori informaciis gavrcele-
ba…~(10-1).

91
 `damoukidebel mediaze periodul Setevebs TiT-
qmis SeveCvieT, magram iseTi aSkara da agresiuli Tav-
dasxma, rogoric xelisuflebam erTi Tvis win wamoiw-
yo, jer ar yofila. amjerad xelisuflebam Tavisufal
mediaze axal Setevas `mcire da saSualo biznesis xel-
Sewyoba~ daarqva. swored am safarqveS daiwyo Tbilisis
meriam dedaqalaqSi presis jixurebis aReba. am `diadi
proeqtis~ mixedviT, qalaqSi arsebuli `Zveli da usa-
xuri~ jixurebis nacvlad axali, Tanamedrove dizainis
jixurebi daidgmeba. saqme is aris, rom am droisTvis
presis jixurebis ganTavsebis nebarTvis vadac amoiwu-
ra. marTalia, vadis gaxangrZlivebis Taobaze gamavrce-
leblebma merias jer kidev Tveebis win araerTxel mi-
marTes, magram uSedegod. meriam `elvaserviss~, `plane-
ta fortes~ da `macnes~ jixurebis dizaini dauwuna da
axal savaWro jixurebze auqcioni qalaqis masStabiT
1000 adgilze gamoacxada. jixurebis fasebi auqcionze
imdenad maRali iyo, rom cxadi gaxda, jixurSi soli-
dur Tanxagadaxdili mflobeli iq gazeTebis gavrce-
lebas namdvilad ar moindomebda, Tundac mxolod im
martivi mizezis gamo, rom Tu presas patara jixurSi
TvalsaCinod gamofen, sxva produqtisTvis adgili
faqtobrivad aRar darCeba. ukve cnobilia isic, rom
jixurebis axal mepatroneebs iq Zexveulis, kvercxisa
da sxva sakvebi produqtebis realizacia aqvT dagegmi-
li...~ (procesis Semdgomi etapis anu dinamikuri qmede-
bis statikurSi gadasvla nakarnaxevia arsebuli situa-
ciidan, realuri viTarebidan; dinamiuri qmedebis sta-
tikuri realobiT Canacvleba procesis erTi mniSvne-
lovani nawilis dasasrulia).
`Cveni gazeTis gamosvlis dRisTvis TbilisSi ar-
sebul presaze specializebuli 140-150 jixuridan sul

92
ramdenimeRa iqneba darCenili da maTac, savaraudod,
wlis bolomde aiReben. modis informaciebi, rom imave
meTodiT jixurebis aReba qveynis sxva qalaqebsa da ra-
ionebSic igegmeba~...
publikaciis dasasruls aSkarad igrZnoba ganviTa-
rebuli movlenebis Sedegad `miRweuli kanonzomieri~
procesis statikuri efeqti. rac imas niSnavs, rom pre-
sis gamavrcelebelTa mxridan moTxovnebma xelisuf-
lebis mier `drouli reagirebis~ Sedegad movlenebis
ganviTarebis konkretul etapze ganapiroba iseTi rea-
loba, rodesac orive mxare, miuxedavad pozitiuri an
negatiuri Sedegebisa, qmediTi RonisZiebebis gatare-
bas aRar apireben. anu procesi erTgvarad, Tavisi gan-
viTarebis konkretul etapze dinamikuri qmedebidan
statikurSi gadavida anu Sewyda, SeiZleba iTqvas, xe-
lovnurad dakonservda, SeCerda. Tumca yvelas kargad
esmoda, rom es procesi adre Tu gvian isev Seaxsenebda
Tavs orive mxares, magram mocemul etapze xelisufle-
bam drouli reagireba moaxerxa, situacia Tavis sasar-
geblod warmarTa da Sesabamisad procesis Semdgomi
ganviTarebac mis `sasargeblod~ dasrulda. `ratom?
...Cven Zireulad vikvlevdiT sakiTxebs, magram Zalian
cotas vsaubrobdiT xalxze. Cven mkiTxvelebs ufro in-
formacias vawvdidiT, vidre vesaubrebodiT, maTSi in-
teress vaRviZebdiT an Cvens statiebSi viTrevdiT. Cven
miviReT gamocdileba, rom unda SevwyitoT braldebe-
bis xatva da ambebis moyola unda daviwyoT. es didi ga-
mowveva da dausrulebeli brZolaa~(11-1). ramden xans
gastanda es yovelive, damokidebuli iyo imaze, sadamde
gaZlebda presis mesveurTa da sazogadoebis gulis-
wroma Tu nebisyofa...es ki imis maniSnebelia, rom pro-
cesi Tavis SesaZlo sasurvel ganviTarebas Sesabamis
situaciaSi kvlav gaagrZelebs.

93
gamoyenebuli literatura:

1. m. mamardaSvili, leqciebi antikur filosofiaSi, Tb.,

2013, gv.195
2. i. habermasi, Semecneba da interesi, quT., 2003, gv.123
3. m. macaberiZe, politikuri marketingis safuZvlebi, Tb.,
2003, gv.205
4. j. stiuart mili, Tavisuflebis Sesaxeb, Tb., 2010, gv.81
5. r.d. patnemi, rogor vamuSaoT demokratia, Tb.2006,gv.74
6. n. eliasi, civilizaciis procesis Sesaxeb, wigni-II, Tb.,
2008, gv.199
7. gazeTi `kviris palitra~, 19-12-2011
8. j.m. hamiltoni, j. krimski, CaeWideT presas, Tb., 2004, gv.234
9. b. kovaCi, t. rozenstili, Jurnalistikis elementebi,
Tb.2006.gv,52
10. t. repkova, axali droeba: profesiuli gazeTis Seqmna
ganviTarebadi demokratiis pirobebSi, Tb., 2011. gv. 140
11. brent hiustoni, Jurnalist-gamomZieblis saxelmZRvane-
lo, me-5 gamocema, Tb., 2009, gv. 95

IV-3

adamianuri faqtori

adamianuri faqtori bevradaa damokidebuli im

unarsa da pirovnul SesaZleblobebze, romelTa er-
Toblioba pirovnebis, konkretuli piris fsiqotipaJs
gamokveTs sxva danarCenebisagan da sazogadoebis yu-
radRebac maTi mimarTulebiT miimarTeba xolme. saWi-
roa am mTavar maxasiaTebelTa codna da Sesabamisad yu-
radRebis gamaxvileba Jurnalistebis mxridan am sakiT-

94
xebze. msgavsi gamokveTili unarebi da SesaZleblobebi
SeiZleba axasiaTebdes politikoss, msaxiobs, an sxva
vinme iseT pirovnebas, romelic gamoirCeva niWierebiT,
mizanmimarTulobiT, anu im ZiriTadi TvisebebiT, rac
garSemomyofebs misdami cnobismoyvareobiTa da pati-
viscemiT ganawyobs. `unari adamianis Tandayolili (fi-
zikuri da fsiqikuri) SesaZlebloba, potenciali. ada-
mianis unarebis safuZvels qmnis garkveuli Tandayo-
lili nasaxebi, kerZod, anatomiur-fiziologiuri Ta-
viseburebebi, nervuli sistema, memkvidreobiTi Tavi-
seburebebi da a.S. unari mxolod SesaZleblobis, mxo-
lod potenciis saxiTaa mocemuli. xolo unaris Sem-
dgomi ganviTareba damokidebulia imaze, Tu ramdenad
miecema adamians am unaris ganviTarebis SesaZlebloba
(mag. Sesabamisi wvrTna, cxovrebis pirobebi da moTxov-
nebi da sxva)~(1-1). aseTi adamianebi yovelTvis cdilo-
ben ar gaxdnen sxvisi qcevebisa da qmedebebis msxver-
plni, SeinarCunon is originaluri maxasiaTebeli, rom-
lis Sedegadac aSkaraa sazogadoebis mxridan maTdami
gamorCeuli yuradReba da interesi. am xasiaTis adamia-
nebi cdiloben yovelTvis yuradRebiTa da sifrTxi-
liT gamoirCeodnen da Sesabamisad TavianT qcevebs vi-
Tarebisa da realobis Sesabamisad warmarTaven. pun-
qtualuroba, romelic maT uqmnis saqmiani da pasuxis-
mgeblobis grZnobiT dajildoebulis imijs, maTi erT-
erTi Zlieri mxarea. aseTi adamianebisadmi sazogadoe-
bis mxridan gamorCeuli yuradReba ganpirobebulia
aseve kargi saubris toniTa da maneriT, romelic mis sa-
ubarsa da metyvelebas Zalze sasiamovnos xdis da aiZu-
lebs TviT mowinaaRmdegeTac mousminon mas da bevri
ram iswavlon kidec misgan. gamorCeuli yuradReba im
sityvebisa da zogadad im leqsikuri maragisadmi, rom-

95
lebiTac isini sazogadoebas mimarTaven, damajerebe-
li, logikuri da Tanamimdevruli saubari, gansakuTre-
biT sainteresoa da sasiamovno, tovebs yovelTvis ma-
Ral STabeWdilebas da aseTi azri umetesad qcevebiTac
gamoixateba — xelis moZraoba, saxis mobruneba, Tva-
lebSi Semoxedva — sazogadoebis mxridan kidev ufro
metad sainteresod da sasiamovnod aRiqmeba. qmedebebi,
rogoradac is iqceva da gamoxatavs Tundac JestebiT,
Zalian amaRlebs mas sazogadoebis TvalSi. aseT adamia-
nebs gaaCniaT warsulisa da Secdomebis analizis unari.
saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi isini arasdros gaurbian pasu-
xismgeblobas, rac kidev ufro metad mianiSnebs maTs
did pirovnul SesaZleblobebze. maT kargad esmiT, rom
`yvelaze didi moTxovnileba adamianebTan urTierTo-
bis moTxovnilebaa~(2-1). cnobili saxeebi gamorCeviT
scemen pativs mexsierebis, azrovnebisa da fizikuri Za-
lis mudmiv ganviTarebas. maT Zalian kargad esmiT, rom
mexsierebis maRali done bevri sasikeTo saqmis ganmsaz-
Rvrelia da sazogadoebis TvalSi pozitiuri energiis
momtani. mexsiereba, romelic aseve azrovnebisa da fi-
zikuri SesaZleblobebis maRali xarisxiT gamoirCeva,
kidev ufro metad saintereso da sasiamovnoa msmenel-
TaTvis. adamianebi dauokebeli brZolis wyurviliTa
da JiniT arian dajildoebulni, magram amas yvela rodi
axerxebs. msgavsi xasiaTis adamianebi sxva mniSvnelovan
SesaZleblobebTan erTad cdiloben arasdros Seiqmnan
daRlilobisa da gadatvirTulobis gancda, miuxedavad
xandaxan marTla aradamianuri datvirTvisa. isini yo-
velTvis arian mzad imisaTvis, rom Rirseulad upasu-
xon gamowvevebs da gamoamJRavnon brZolis dauokebeli
survili da mzadyofna. bevri oponenti xSirad amito-
mac ambobs uars SeewinaaRmdegos sajarod da dauwunos
maT amgavari qceva an gamonaTqvami, radganac kargad es-

96
miT rom marcxi garantirebuli aqvT. sazogadoebis yu-
radRebis centrSi xSirad eqcevian politikosebi da
biznesmenebi, romelTa azrovnebis wyaros warmoadge-
nen ara sityvebi, aramed — situaciebi. isini praqtiku-
li azrovnebis wyalobiT floben unars, romelsac war-
matebebi, saxeli da dideba moaqvs... am ori kategoriis
adamianTa praqtikuli azrovneba `maSin aris kidev uf-
ro metad efeqturi, roca pirovnebas qarizma gaaCnia,
roca misi sityva, mzera da moqmedeba xiblavs Tanameb-
rZolebs, Tanamdev masas~(3-1). qarizma, romelsac isini
floben saukeTeso resursia sazogadoebis winaSe yve-
laferi ise warmarTon, rom maT imijs mxolod poziti-
vi Sematos. am xasiaTis adamianebs yovelTvis ZaluZT
gaumklavdnen sakuTar emociebs, arasdros aCvenon sa-
zogadoebis farTo fenebs sakuTari saxis dakargva,
mdgomareobidan gamosvla. TviT umZimesi kritikuli
situaciis Jamsac ki SeuZliaT Tavi xelSi aiyvanon da
bolomde akontrolon sakuTari emociebi da Sesabami-
sad qcevebic. maT mTavar maxasiaTebel faqtorebze sa-
ubrisas unda gamoiyos aseve yvelaze mTavari, anu ise-
Tebi, romelTa saSualebiTac cdiloben maqsimalurad
moaxdinon zegavlena sazogadoebaze da hqondeT avto-
riteti. es maTi arCevania da isini amisaTvis Tavs ar zo-
gaven, Tumca Sedegi amad namdvilad Rirs.

literatura:

1. ganmartebiTi leqsikoni/erovn. sasw. gegmebisa da Sefase-

bis centri. — Tb., 2008
2. p.bregi, SimSilobis saswauli, Tb.1991, gv.190
3. s.sigua, kulturologiis safuZvlebi, Tb., 2012, gv. 96

97
 IV -4

situacia

situacia faqtebis, procesebis, movlenebis warmo-

Sobis, ganviTarebis, masze Tvalis gadevnebis realuri
suraTi da saSualebaa. igi SesaZleblobas gvaZlevs da-
vakvirdeT da gavaanalizoT ra situaciaSi, ra viTareba-
Si moxda an xdeba moqmedeba. es iseTi mdgomareobaa, ro-
desac SesaZloa situaciuri analizis gakeTeba, Tu ro-
gor da ranairad gaCnda da daibada faqti, movlena, pro-
cesi, ram Seuwyo an ra uwyobs xels ama Tu im konkretu-
li realobis gamovlinebas, anu warmomSobi mizezebis
gamovlenis (garkvevis) saSualeba yvela mimarTulebiT
(rogorc dadebiTi, aseve uaryofiTi) da upiratesad
mimdinare, msvlelobis dros. amitomac situacia Ziri-
Tadad ara mxolod droSi, aramed sivrceSi, manZilSi
asocirdeba. ufro zustad ki droSi, sivrcesa da man-
ZilSi erTnairad analizdeba da misTvis warsuli da ax-
landeli erTi mTlian momaval mocemulobad yalibdeba.
situacia arsebuli realobis, viTarebis arsebobis, gan-
viTarebis Secvlis an misi SenarCunebisaTvis Seqmnili
pirobebis erTobliobaa, romelic garemoebas, mdgoma-
reobas aRniSnavs. cxovreba savsea moulodnelobebiT:
moulodneli warmateba, ubeduri SemTxveva, eqstrema-
luri situacia, avadmyofoba... amdenad, situaciaze kon-
trolis dawesebiT, dakvirvebiTa da swori analiziT
xSirad SesaZlebeli xdeba marTvadi gavxadoT is da da-
vuqvemdebaroT sasurvel realobas — Cvens moTxovnile-
biT SesaZleblobebs. Tumca aris rogorc kontrolire-
badi, aseve arakontrolirebadi, anu prognozirebadi da
araprognozirebadi situacia. situacia aseve SeiZleba
iyos: uxerxuli, uwyinari situacia, sagangebo situacia,

98
kuriozuli situacia, daZabuli situacia, avariuli si-
tuacia, gamouvali situacia, Cveulebrivi situacia,
idealuri situacia, forsmaJoruli situacia (ubedu-
reba, xanZari, katastrofa ..., ekologiuri situacia),
stresuli situacia, eTnikuri situacia, regionuli si-
tuacia, gamouvali situacia, avariuli situacia, gan-
sxvavebuli situacia, saxifaTo situacia, sagangebo si-
tuacia, mZime situacia, feTqebadi situacia da a.S. zog-
jer yvelafers wamebi wyvets. aseT dros bevri ram aris
damokidebuli masze, vinc msgavs viTarebaSi aRmoCndeba.
eqstremalur situaciebSi gadamwyvetia siswrafe, rea-
lobis swori aRqma da gaazreba, organizebuloba, yu-
radRebis koncentrireba, fsiqologiuri wonasworobis,
simSvidis SenarCuneba, irgvliv myofTa mobilizeba, ra-
Ta erTiani ZaliT SeebrZolo safrTxes. adamianebi er-
TmaneTisgan gansxvavdebian pirovnuli TvisebebiT, emo-
ciuri mdgomareobiT, temperamentiT, azrovnebiT, rac
eqstremalur situaciaSi TavisTavad mJRavndeba.
mgrZnobiare da emociuri adamiani aseT dros xSirad ib-
neva, Relavs, uWirs mobilizeba, yuradRebis koncentra-
cia, ris gamoc kargavs swrafi manevrirebis unars. saf-
rTxe Tan sdevs Cvens cxovrebas. albaT ar arsebobs ada-
miani, romelic erTxel mainc ar moxvedrila iseT situ-
aciaSi, roca viRacas misi daxmareba dasWirvebia. ucxo
sityaTa leqsikonSi situacia Semdegnairadaa ganmarte-
buli:`Seqmnili pirobebis erToblioba; garemoeba,
mdgomareoba~(1-1). `konkretul situaciaSi swori gadaw-
yvetilebis miRebis, situaciis diagnostireba da damou-
kidebeli gadawyvetilebis miReba; situaciisa da misi
Taviseburebebis gacnoba, ZiriTadi problem(eb)is gamo-
yofa; im faqtorebisa da pirebis gamoyofa, romelTa gav-

99
lena gasaTvaliswinebelia, gadawyvetisTvis koncefcie-
bis an Temebis SeTavazeba, ama Tu im gadawyvetilebis Se-
degebis analizi, erTi an ramdenime varianti (qmedebaTa
Tanamimdevroba, miTiTeba SesaZlo problemebze, maTi
prevenciisa da gadaWris meqanizmebi, is ZiriTadi qmedi-
Ti nabijebia, romelTa gamoyenebiT SesaZloa gavigoT,
davinaxoT, CavwvdeT, gavaanalizoT mocemuli konkre-
tuli situacia~(1-2).
Cven gvainteresebs situacia, rogorc asaxvis saga-
ni — TiTqos yvelafris warmomSobi: satkivarisa Tu sa-
sixarulosi, warmatebisa Tu warumateblobis, omisa Tu
mSvidobis, brZolisa da Sromis, sikeTisa da borotebis,
samsaxureobrivi Tu ojaxuri, samegobro Tu samtro,
socialuri, politikuri, ekonomikuri, religiuri,
kulturul-saganmanaTleblo... gvinda vaCvenoT rogor
avsaxoT situacia, anu davinaxoT faqtis, movlenis,
procesis realuri saxe, misi warmoSobis, warmoqmnis,
dabadebis adgili mocemul, konkretul, arsebul rea-
lur droSi, mdgomareobasa da viTarebaSi, Tu ra piro-
bebSi Cndeba da ibadeba konkretuli faqti, rogor ga-
moisaxeba an gamoiyureba, ra surs, ra unda, ra wadia,
ras fiqrobs, ras ganicdis, ra zraxvebi amoZravebs... an
ra SeiZleba gamoiwvios, ra mimarTulebiT SesaZloa
ganviTardes, ra moyveba Sedegad... ai kiTxvebis Camo-
naTvali, romelzedac SesaZloa damajerebeli pasuxi
gagvces droulma reagirebam da es yvelaferi ara mxo-
lod konfliqturi, aramed mSvidobiani, mSvidi, Cveu-
lebrivi, pozitiuri procesebis warmomSob sinamdvi-
leSic sainteresoa. adamianuri cxovreba ufro metad
konkretul interesTa sferoa da kiTxvebi, romlebic
daismeba Cvens winaSe, masze Seumcdar da ueWvel pasu-
xebs saswrafod veZebT xolme. pasuxebis sizuste ki xSi-
rad da metwilad damokidebulia im sinamdvilis war-

100
modgena-gaazreba-gaanalizeba-dakvirvebaze, sadac,
rodesac, ratomac, rogoradac, ranairadac, ramdena-
dac, ragvaradac esa Tu is qmedeba an faqti (moqmedeba)
moxda an xdeba. es yvelaferi mogvcems pasuxebs kiT-
xvebze: rodis? ratom? rogor? ranairad? ramdenad?
ragvarad?... da a.S.
situaciac, rogorc yvela sxva danarCeni asaxvis
sagani, ar arsebobs subieqturi da obieqturi realo-
bis, wanamZRvrebis, sinamdvilis gareSe. amdenad, ro-
gorc fsiqologebi amboben, ikveTeba: `problemuri si-
tuacia — (fsiqologia) (berZ. problema — amocana, dava-
leba da laT. situatio — mdgomareoba) 1.winaaRmdegobis
Semcveli da erTmniSvnelovani gadawyvetilebis armqo-
ne garemoebebisa da pirobebis Tanafardoba, romleb-
Sic iSleba individis an jgufis moqmedeba; 2.azrovne-
bis warmoSobis pirobebis fsiqologiuri modeli, si-
tuaciurad warmoqmnili SemecnebiTi moTxovnilebis
safuZvelze; subieqtis kavSiris forma Semecnebis obi-
eqtTan. problemuri situacia axasiaTebs subieqtisa da
misi garemos urTierTmoqmedebas, aseve pirovnebis
fsiqologiur mdgomareobas, obieqturi da winaaRmde-
gobrivi garemos CaTvliT. moRvaweobis procesSi raime
winaaRmdegobis gacnobiereba iwvevs moTxovnilebis ga-
Cenas axali codnis misaRebad, im ucnobisa, romelic ga-
dawyvetda warmoqmnil winaaRmdegobas. problemur si-
tuaciaSi ucnobis obieqtivacia xorcieldeba kiTxvis
formiT, romelic dasmulia sakuTari Tavisadmi da
warmoadgens subieqtis obieqtTan azrobrivi urTier-
Tqmedebis sawyis rgols. ramdenadac subieqtis `gare-
mocvaSi” Sedian ara marto obieqtebi, aramed socialu-
ri garemoc, amdenad genetikurad pirveladia kiTxvis

101
dayeneba, mimarTuli ara sakuTari Tavisadmi, aramed
sxva adamianisadmi~(2-1).
sainteresoa, rogorebi varT konfliqtur situa-
ciebSi da rogor gzebs veZebT da ra xerxebs viyenebT
konfliqturi situaciidan gamosvlis dros.
`konfliqti warmoadgens sxva adamianebTan Cveni urTi-
erTobis bunebriv Semadgenel nawils. adamianebis
ukonfliqto arseboba praqtikulad SeuZlebelia, mag-
ram konfliqts gaaCnia ara mxolod negatiuri, aramed
pozitiuri Semadgenelic da konfliqtur situaciaSi
adamianis qcevis diagnostikis meTodika iZleva imis
garkvevis SesaZleblobas, Tu romel SemTxvevaSi misi
moqmedeba konstruqtiuli xasiaTisaa, xolo romelSi
is — destruqciulia”(2-2). aris xSirad Cvens cxovrebaSi
SemTxvevebi, romelic ukavSirdeba sixaruls, mwuxare-
bas, warmatebas, warumateblobas... aqedan gamomdinare,
gamogvicdia kidec sakuTari Tavi an davkvirvebivarT
sxvas da vxedavT, ramdenad rTulia situaciis marTva,
rodesac erTgvarad kritikul, rTul mdgomareobaSi
imyofeba pirovneba. rogor an ranairad viqceviT, ro-
gor vaxerxebT gamosvlas situaciidan, romelic ar
aris sasurveli, sxvam naxos, dainaxos, SeniSnos... gvi-
kankalebs xelebi, matulobs guliscema, gvekargeba fe-
ri, uazrod vlaparakobT, davdivarT umisamarTod...
mag. rodesac xanZaria da ZviradRirebuli sakuTari av-
tomobili safrTxeSia. rogor garbixar da gamogyavs
xanZris keridan... ginda yvelaferi swrafad gaakeTo,
magram survili aswrebs Sens realur, gaazrebul qmede-
bebs, xar dabneuli, da am dros ufro meti dro gWirde-
ba viTarebis ganmuxtvisTvis. an mag. xSiria SemTxvevebi,
rodesac ama Tu im situaciaSi konkretuli piri kon-
kretuli adamianebisagan grZnobs gamorCeul yuradRe-

102
basa da interess. an arian araordinaluri Sexvedris
molodinSi, rodesac pirvelad moqmedeben da ar ician
ra SeiZleba moxdes, an ra moyveba maT amgvar qcevas-sam-
wuxaro Tu sasixarulo. mag. samsaxuridan moxsnis an
dawinaurebis Sesaxeb, pirveli Sexvedris molodini, ra-
Rac didi prizisa Tu premiis miReba, konkursSi gamar-
jveba da a.S. aseT dros advili SesamCnevia is dabneu-
loba da emocia, rac emarTebaT aseT situaciaSi adamia-
nebs. isini cdiloben iyvnen erTgvarad sxvaTagan Seum-
Cnevelni, aqaoda TiTqos araferi momxdara, magram ve-
rafriT axerxeben Sinagani sulieri mdgomareobis Se-
narCunebas da erTgvari `stresuli viTareba~ amxels
pirads, Zalian Sinagans da adamians aCvenebs `Signidan~,
anu gascems sakuTar Tavs...
situaciis marTva didad uwyobs xels konkretul
droSi pirovnebam gaakeTos sakuTari adamianuri SesaZ-
leblobebis mobilizeba da Sesabamisad SeZlos misi sa-
surveli mimarTulebiT warmarTva. amitomac situaci-
uri analizi, swori da gaazrebuli daskvnebi viTarebis
normalizebis, Sens sasargeblod masi warmarTvis,
pragmatulobis gamovlenis saukeTeso saSualebaa.

gamoyenebuli literatura:
1. www.nplg.gov.ge
2. www.education.ge

103
 V-5

sensacia

sensacias gamodevnebuli Jurnalistebis upirve-

lesi sazrunavia raime iseTi saxis informacia, rome-
lic uCveuloa da ganumeorebelic ki Tavisi SinaarsiTa
da xasiaTiT. msgavsi saxis informacia ainteresebs mo-
saxleobis Zalian did nawils, maT Soris, rogorc pro-
fesional mkiTxvels, ise moyvarul adamianebsac. yvela
SemTxvevaSi gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs Jurnalistis
profesionalizmsa da niWierebas, rom man movlenis,
faqtis Tu procesis gansakuTrebuloba da araordina-
luroba droulad da operatiulad SeniSnos, dainaxos
da Semosos is mimzidveli da saintereso ferebiTa Tu
saRebaviT. ra saxis informacia SeiZleba CaiTvalos
sensaciad? nebismieri informacia, Tu is `daSvebul
normebs~ aWarbebs, aRemateba. anu iseTi, romlis msgav-
si saerTod ar momxdara, an Zalian iSviaTad xdeba xol-
me, romelic yvelas ainteresebs, iwvevs erTgvar SiS-
sac, aRfrTovanebasac, aris mimzidveli, eqstremalu-
ri, warmoudgenelic ki. msgavsi saxis informaciebs Se-
saZloa Zalian bevri gulSematkivari aRmoaCndes da es
arcaa gasakviri. adamianis cnobiereba xom swored inte-
resis, Ziebis, gamorCeulobisa da originalurobisadmi
gansakuTrebuli grZnobiTaa datvirTuli. amdenad sen-
saciuri, jerarsmenili, araordinaluri, iSviaTi in-
formaciebi drodadro gaielvebs xolme da is ubra-
lod gvainteresebs. misi Sinaarsi SeiZleba iyos yovel-
gvari cxovrebiseuli, piradi da sazogadoebrivi, xe-
lovnuri da bunebrivi da a.S. is, rac xandaxan piriqi-
Taa, ufro metad ainteresebs adamianebs. magram xSirad
sensacia qarborbalasaviTaa, uceb daipyrobs adamiane-

104
bis yuradRebas da gaqreba an sulac Caqreba misdami in-
teresi. Jurnalistebi ki am yvelafers rac ufro dro-
ulad da operatiulad SeniSnaven, miT ukeTesi. `Zlieri
STabeWdileba, romelsac sazogadoebaze axdens raime
ambavi, SemTxveva. TviT ambavi, SemTxveva, romelic aseT
STabeWdilebas axdens, miTqma-moTqmas, xmaurs iw-
vevs~(1-1).
magaliTebi gazeT `kviris palitridan~:
`samxreT afrikis ukiduresi samxreTis erT-erTi
qalaqis macxovrebeli xididan wyalSi gadaxta uamravi
mayureblis TandaswrebiT. mas ainteresebda, ramden
xans gaZlebda wyalis siRrmeSi, sadac sakmaod swrafad
moZraobda mdinare. sami wuTis lodinis Semdeg wylis
zedapirze amovida pirovneba sakmaod mozrdili rkinis
CemodniT, romelic mdinaris fskerze upovnia. Cemo-
danSi xuT kilogramamde oqro aRmoCnda. unda genaxaT
SiSveli ubednieresi moyvaruli myvinTavi, sixarulis-
gan rogor tiroda da Tan cekvavda. rogorc mecniereb-
ma daadgines, Zvirfaseuloba daaxloebiT sami saukunis
winandeli nakeTobebisagan Sedgeba da misi srulufle-
biani baton-patroni amieridan mayvaruli myvinTavia,
romelic sakuTar simdidres amieridan Tavad ganagebs~.
`indoeTis erT-erTi provinciis macxovreblebi
sensaciis momswreni gaxdnen. qaTmebis fermaSi, rome-
lic gaSlil velze mdebareobda, moulodnelad uSve-
lebeli arwivi Cavarda da Sinaur frinvelTa mTeli
gundi sul raRac wamebSi gaanadgu-
ra. fermis mepatrone, romelic am
yvelafers sakuTari TvaliT uyu-
rebda, uceb moego gons, gadaxta Su-
agul `brZolis velze~, eZgera qaT-
mebis fleTiT garTul arwivs, moh-
kida orive klanWebs xeli da gam-

105
Zvinvarebuli veeba frinveli sakuTari xelebiT gagli-
ja Suaze~.
`qalaqis macxovrebelni metad uCveulo faqtis
momswreni aRmoCndnen. erT-erTi saxlis sadarbazoSi
maT dainaxes rogor daeWira uSvelebel virTxas sakma-
od mozrdili kata, katisaTvis zurgze daevlo kbilebi
da sasikvdilod iqeT-aqeT aqnevda. sacodavi kata sim-
wrisagan iklakneboda da ganwirulis xmiT Rnaoda~.

`kviris palitra~,29-09-2014, bumbulis kaba

`CineTis qalaq nanZinSi gamarTul saqorwino kabebis
gamofena-festivalze Cinelma dizainerebma sruliad
uCveulo da originaluri namuSevari warmoadgines —
nefritiT gawyobili sazeimo kaba faqtobrivad mTlia-
nad farSevangis bumbulisganaa Seqmnili! mis `Sesakera-
vad~ 2000-ze meti farSevangis ulamazesi kudi daixar-
ja~.
`kviris palitra~,18-07-2011, mta-
ceblebTan galiaSi
argentinis dedaqalaq buenos-ai-
resis maxloblad mdebare patara
qalaqi luxani metad uCveulo
`eqstremaluri zooparkiT~ aris
cnobili. misi unikaluroba isaa,
rom saul raRac 50 dolarad mwvave SegrZnebaTa moyva-
rulebs saSualeba eZlevaT, galiaSi mtaceblebTan
`drois gasatareblad~ Sevidnen da maTTan erTad fo-
toebic gadaiRon. zooparkis Cveulebrivi, `usafrTxo~
daTvaliereba 8 dolari Rirs. lomTan, vefxvTan, leo-
pardsa da sxva did mtaceblebTan galiaSi Sesvlis win
administracia msurvelisgan mxolod `patara forma-
lobis~ dacvas iTxovs: moxalises xelwerils awerine-

106
ben, rom Tu mtacebelma SeWama, administraciasTan pre-
tenzia ar eqneba(!). rac unda gasakviri iyos, zooparks
Tavgadadebuli turistebi mTeli msofliodan mrav-
lad akiTxaven.

`kviris palitra~,18-07-2011, `Ri-

mili caze~

axlaxan ingliselebi 8 wuTis

ganmavlobaSi unikaluri sanaxao-
bis — `gadabrunebuli~ cisartye-
las mowmeni gaxdnen, romelsac
aseve `Rimili caze~ hqvia. es fe-
nomeni mxolod polusebis maxloblad gvxdeba. `Rimili
caze~ Cndeba mxolod maSin, roca Rrublebis Txeli fe-
na dedamiwidan 7-8 km-iT aris daSoreuli da mze garkve-
uli kuTxiT anaTebs. aseT simaRleze es fena yinulis
kristalebis mtvers warmoadgens. amitom gadabrunebu-
li cisartyela CveulebrivTan SedarebiT gacilebiT
kaSkaSaa, misi Svidi feric aseve ukumimdevrobiTaa da-
lagebuli~.

`kviris palitra~,07-12-2009 ` vi-

etnamis `mcuravi bazari~ mdinare
mekongis deltaSi uZvelesi mcu-
ravi bazari vietnamis RirsSesa-
niSnaobad iTvleba. aq yovel diliT iseTive gacxove-
lebuli aReb-micemobaa, rogoric saukuneebis win iyo.
sxvaTa Soris, bevri vietnameli glexi dRemde fuls
jiutad `ar cnobs~ da produqtis gacvliT vaWrobs.

107
 `kviris palitra~,12-10-2009, 45 gve-
li cotaa!
60 wlis britanelma siu koulmenma
12 wlis win quCaSi napovni ramdeni-
me patara egzotikuri gveli Seifa-
ra. amJamad ki mis saxlSi ukve 45
gveli cxovrobs. siu mTel dros
sayvarel `megobrebTan~ atarebs. si-
um gvelebi mezoblis bavSvebsac Se-
ayvara. axla ki Tavisi `serpentari-
umis~ binadarTa ricxvis gazrdaze ocnebobs.

`kviris palitra~, 29-04-2013, xmauriani Semoseva

yovel 17 weliwadSi aSS-

is aRmosavleT sanapiro-
ze rogorc ki miwa da hae-
ri 18 gradusamde gaTbe-
ba, e.w. `meore Taobis~ au-
racxeli WriWinas Semose-
va iwyeba. es WriWinebi uv-
nebelia adamianebisTvis,
magram maTgan atexil xmaurs Sewuxebuli mosaxleoba
`metros gvirabSi Semomavali matareblisas~ adarebs.
`National Geographic~-ma prizebic ki daawesa xmauriT Se-
Sinebuli an Sewuxebuli adamianebis fotoebisTvis.
WriWinebi mTel cxovrebas miwis qveS atareben, sadac
mcenareTa fesvebiT ikvebebian da zedapirze amodian
mxolod ganviTarebis 5 stadiis gavlis Semdeg. xeebze
acocebuli dedlebidan Tve-naxevris manZilze TiToe-

108
uli 24-28 kvercxs debs. gamoCekili matlebi ki dabla
cvivian da miwaSi isev 17 wliT imalebian. mecnierTa
gaTvliT, xmauriani Semoseva wels amerikis 15 StatSi
maisis bolomde gagrZeldeba.
`kviris palitra~, 29-09-2014, sen-
saciuri aRmoCena — yorRanis
4400-wliani saidumlo
— rogor fiqrob, es ontkofa ra
xnis iqneba? — mkiTxa erovnuli
muzeumis arqeologiuri centris
ufrosma zurab maxaraZem da kom-
piuteris ekrani Cemken Semoatri-
ala, sadac miwaze gabneuli Sem-
Wknari narinjisferi ontkofa
eyara.
— albaT ramdenime dRis,
— vuTxari me,
— Zalian sasargeblo nayofia da saqarTveloSi
yvelgan aris gavrcelebuli.
— zustad 4400 wlis aris, ananauris yorRanSi sa-
marxi rom gavTxareT, miwaze gabneuli dagvixvda. ro-
gorc Cans, roca samarxi Caingra, kenkra WurWlidan
gadmocvivda. darbilebuli
iyo, Torem ise gamoiyurebo-
da, eqspediciiwevrma gemos
gasinjvac scada, — momigo
batonma zurabma.
– visi iyo yorRani, vis-
gan dagvrCa es saocreba?
– yorRanebi tomis be-
ladebis, warCinebulebisaa. roca maT marxavdnen, zemo-
dan iseT miwayrils adgamdnen, uzarmazari gorebi iq-

109
mneboda. amiT cdilobdnen, TavianTi beladi daecvaT.
Tumca yorRanebi, egviptis piramidebisa ar iyos, TiT-
qmis yvelgan gaZarculia. iseTi STabeWdileba iqmneba,
rom maT dakrZalvis ceremonialis monawileni Zarcvav-
dnen, Torem saukuneebis Semdeg vin icoda, gorebis
siRrmeSi ra iyo?
ananauris yorRanze ori gvirabia. ese igi, yorRani
orjer gaZarcves. etyoba, imdeni oqrouloba iyo, rom
gatanisas sami uZvirfasesi nivTi dauvardaT. sxvaTa
Soris, alaznis velis yorRanebSi napovni oqros lomi
da peqtorali swored qurdobis Semdeg darCenili
`namcvrielaa~... brinjaos xanaSi adgilobriv mosaxle-
obas didZali simdidre hqonda dagrovebuli da tomis
beladebs saflavSi auracxel ganZsa da sayofacxovre-
bo nivTebs atandnen msaxurebTan erTad. cnobili ar
aris, am sabraloebs xocavdnen Tu cocxlad marxav-
dnen. zog qveyanaSi beladebs aTeulobiT meomars ayo-
lebdnen, romlebic samarxebSi gaSeSebuli `sxedan~. va-
raudoben, rom damarxvis
win adamianebs raRac niv-
TierebiT abruebdnen...
ananauris yorRanSic 7
adamianis ConCxia, magram
es yorRani sxva mxriv
aris saintereso — cocxa-
li xiliTa da ori uzar-
mazari etliT, rac sxva-
gan arsad gvxvdeba. qsovili da xili TiTqmis pirvande-
li saxiT aris Semonaxuli.
es yorRani swored im dros Sendeboda, roca egvip-
telebi piramidebs agebdnen. Cveni yorRanebi piramide-

110
biviT didebuli ar aris, radgan egvipte am dros Zlie-
ri saxelmwifo iyo, magram arc sxvaze naklebia, Suamdi-
nareTis civilizaciis doneze dgas. Tanac am yorRane-
bis maSeneblebi an Tavad dadiodnen mTel msoflioSi,
anda aq sxvebi Camodiodnen — CvenTan qarva ar moipove-
ba, ananauris yorRanSi ki qarvis mZivi indoeTidan an
baltiispireTidan Tu moxvdeboda. samarxSi Sali da se-
lic aRmoCnda. akldama gadaxurulia ormagi muxis mo-
rebiT, romelTa Soris selis fardagi iyo Catanebuli.
xis kalaTebSi ki Txili da wabli eyara, gulic ki aqvT
SemorCenili. ontkofasa da kvrinCxis naxva mravlis-
mnaxveli arqeologebisTvisac saocreba iyo: lamis 5
aTaswleulis winandeli ontkofa iseTia, TiTqos guSin
mowyviteso. am saswaulis Cvenamde motana, garda Tixi-
sa, Taflmac SeZlo. roca ontkofas Cvens laboratori-
aSi sinjavdnen, iseTi Taf-
lis suni datrialda, xalxi
gaabrua...
– yorRanSi Cayolebul
or etlzec brZaneT...
– es Zalian didi etlebia,
borblebi metr-naxevari di-
ametrisaa. wesisamebr, yor-
RanSi TiTo micvalebulia. ananauris yorRanSi ki erTi
etli mamakacisaa, meore — qalis. maTTan erTad 14 wlis
ymawvili esvena. iqneb ojaxi raime
ubedurebam amowyvita da amitom dakrZales er-
Tad.
Cven msoflios Tanamedrove laboratoriebSi
vgzavniT sakvlev masalas. nebismieri cocxali orga-
nizmi garemodan iRebs da atarebs radiacias, romelic

111
organizmSi mis sikvdilamde rCeba. is organizmidan
sikvdilis dadgomisTanave iwyebs gasvlas. amis mixed-
viT dgindeba arqeologiuri organizmebis asaki. ase
dadginda im biWis asakic...
SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom yvelaferi warmavalia, si-
namdvileSi ki araferi qreba da maradiulobaSive rCe-
ba~, dasZens publikaciis avtori eTer eraZe.

literatura:

1. WabaSvili, mixeil, ucxo sityvaTa leqsikoni,Tb. : ganaT-

leba, 1989
2. `kviris palitra~,29-09-2014
3. `kviris palitra~,18-07-2011
4. `kviris palitra~,07-12-2009
5. `kviris palitra~,12-10-2009
6. `kviris palitra~, 29-04-2013

112
 V

Tanamedrove Jurnalisturi
gvarebi

Jurnalisturi saqmianobis umniSvnelovanesi pro-

duqti, puri arsobisa-publicisturi teqsti, yvela
sxva Jurnalistur elementTagan gansxvavebiT gamorCe-
ulia da gansakuTrebuli Tavisi bunebiT, SinaarsiT,
TvisebiT, daniSnulebiT. misi zemoqmedeba mTliani sa-
zogadoebis, misi TiToeuli wevris-konkretuli adami-
anebis cnobierebasa da qcevaze aisaxeba. adamianebs
surT gaigon, icodnen, esmodeT, iyvnen saqmis kursSi,
erTi sityviT, yurs ugdebdnen qveynis majiscemas. amiT
isini cdiloben ufro saintereso da Sinaarsiani gaxa-
don sakuTari cxovreba, Secvalon Tundac stili saku-
Tari cxovrebisa, urCion raime sxvebs, auxsnan, Seatyo-
binon, isaubron masze, romelic swored sul axlaxans
gaiges. adamianis fsiqika swored konkretuli faqtis,
raime ambis, cnobis gagebisa da Setyobinebis ganuwyve-
tel wadilSia da amas igi cdilobs miaRwios mxolod da
mxolod erTaderTi saSualebiT: ambavi, romelic man
ubralod gaigo, moismina, naxa — gadasces sxvebs, acno-
bos mis Sesaxeb mezoblebs, megobrebs, nacnobebsa Tu
ucnobebs. amaSi exmareba mas niWi ambis naxvis, aRqmis,
mitanis, gadacemis, interpretirebis. yvelasa aqvs gan-
sakuTrebuli unari raime momxdari ambis Taviseburi
gadmocemisa, moyolisa, magram zogierTis unari gamor-
Ceulia da gansakuTrebuli. es gamorCeuloba da gansa-
kuTrebuloba vlindeba swored maSin, rodesac saTqme-
li zedmiwevniT ise zustad gadmoicema da im formiT
gamoixateba, rogorc iyo an aris sinamdvileSi, rode-
sac mis Sesaxeb mkiTxvelebi an msmenelebi ise gaigeben,

113
rogorc sakuTari TvaliT nanaxsa da sakuTari yuriT
gagonils, rodesac marTla daujereben mis avtors,
pirvel rigSi gulwrfelobis gamo, vinc ubralod am-
bavs yveba da gadmoscems ara vinmes xaTriTa Tu ridiT,
aramed faqtis dainteresebis safuZvelze, vinc imgvari
niWierebiT aris dajildoebuli, romelic ambis moyo-
lisa Tu gadmocemis procesSi ise aRwers da xatavs mom-
xdar movlenasa Tu faqts, ise ubralod warmoaCens si-
tuacias, rogorc cocxal sinamdviles. aseTi adamiane-
bi ara marto ubralod gviyvebian, aramed gvixataven ki-
dec da maT mier monayolsa da monaTxrobs sxva xibli,
gemo, eSxi, Sno, lazaTi da silamaze aqvs. ramdenjer
vyofilvarT nebismieri Cvengani imis momswre, rodesac
erTi konkretuli piri yveba raime saintereso faqtisa
Tu movlenis Sesaxeb da Semdeg, rodesac moyolis pro-
cesSi saTqmels iseTi sizustiT ver gadmoscems, ver ga-
moxatavs, rogorc iyo sinamdvileSi, ambobs: modiT (gi-
orgis) movusminoT, isic CemTan erTad iyo, manac saku-
Tari TvaliT ixila, rac me vnaxe. mas aqvs niWi ise gad-
moscems da aRweros faqti, rogoradac iyo~. am gul-
wrfelad naTqvami sityvebis yvelas sjera. faqtis sru-
li sizustiT da sisavsiT gadmocemis unari didi xe-
lovnebaa. rodesac saTqmeli xalasia, cocxalia da da-
muxtuli, rodesac jer kidev siaxlis surviliTa da
wyurviliT aris gaJRenTili, amasTan saintereso faq-
tTan, movlenasTan an ubralod sinamdvilesTan erTad
gizidavs ena Txrobisa, gadmosacemi faqtisa, ambisa,
movlenisa, rodesac jer kidev feTqavs siaxle, rode-
sac geufleba gancda da giCndeba survili misi mosmeni-
sa an naxvisa. aseTi asaxva auditoriaze zemoqmedebis
gansakuTrebuli efeqtiT gamoirCeva. swored es aris
mTavari da mniSvnelovani JurnalistikaSi. rodesac ra-
ime faqtis Sesaxeb ise gadmoscem, rCeba survili da

114
STabeWdileba sazogadoebis mxridan `mosmenis proce-
sis~ gagrZelebisa. faqtis agitaciisaTvis Jurnalisti-
kaSi mTlian elementTa erTiani Zalisxmeva swored er-
Ti mimarTulebiT — auditoriisaken miimarTeba da iq
ToToeuli elementi (sul aseTi elementi Svidia) Tavis
daniSnulebasa da funqcias zedmiwevniT kargad asru-
lebs. amgvari e.w. sistemuri midgomis principi, rode-
sac yoveli Jurnalisturi elementi SeumCnevlad ze-
moqmedebs sazogadoebaze, erT-erTi gadamwyveti gaxda
msoflio globalur procesebTan mimarTebaSi, sadac
kidev ufro mniSvnelovani xdeba Jurnalisturi teq-
stis, rogorc kavSirurTierTobis gansakuTrebuli sa-
Sualebis roli, rogorc Zveli, ise axali mediisaTvis.
teqstis mniSvneloba da daniSnuleba JurnalistikaSi
amouwuravia; amdenad, idea — mTavaria masobrivi audi-
toriisaTvis Seiqmnas saintereso teqsti, xolo ara
aqvs mniSvneloba, romel Janrs anu saTqmelis gamoxat-
vis romel formas ganekuTvneba igi, azrs kargavs. bevri
mkvlevari Tvlis, rom saubari Jurnalisturi asaxvis
formebze-gvarebze (Janrebze) ar aris sayuradRebo da
saintereso, radganac Tavad sityva `Janris~ Sinaarsi
da mniSvneloba xSirad icvleba, xolo JanrTa Teoria
arasakmarisad aris Seswavlili. nawili mkvlevarTa ki
miiCnevs, rom saTqmelis gamoxatvis forma da Sinaarsi
Tavad `arsebuli faqtis, movlenis, realobis~ arsis
SecnobaSi, wvdomaSi mdgomareobs da misi ugulebelyo-
fa-ignorireba gulisxmobs faqtis-rogorc bunebri-
vis, realuris, namdvilis winaaRmdeg wasvlas. marTlac
ras ganapirobebs an ubralod ra aris Janri? ramdenad
saWiroa teqstis gansakuTrebuli forma faqtebis gad-
mosacemad? ra `qmnis~ Janris, rogorc Jurnalisturi
gamoxatvis gansakuTrebuli formis klasikur gagebas?
rogor avxsnaT is? sainteresoa mediamkvlevarTa pozi-

115
cia amasTan dakavSirebiT, romlebic iziareben azrs,
rom `JurnalistikaSi SemoTavazebuli Janris arc erTi
ganmarteba ar SeiZleba amomwuravad CaiTvalos. ...Ti-
Toeul Janrs aqvs Txrobisa da qmedebebis Tanmimdev-
robis standartuli struqtura, romelic efuZneba sa-
xeebis mosalodnel asortiments da Seicavs ZiriTadi
Temebis ramdenime variants~(1-1). `nebismieri dakvirve-
ba ar SeiZleba avtomaturad gadaiqces gamocdilebis
indikatorad. amasTan, individualuri dakvirveba pro-
cesia, romelic garesamyaroskenaa mimarTuli. indivi-
dualur gamocdilebaSi (iqneba es pozitiuri Tu nega-
tiuri) Tavmoyrilia adamianis Sinagani samyaros ganvi-
Tarebis sxvadasxva safexurze gakeTebuli daskvnebi,
gaCenili mosazrebebi, miRweuli Sedegebi da marcxe-
bic~(2-1). `Secdomis daSvebis SesaZlebloba gansakuT-
rebiT didia rTuli ambebis SemTxvevaSi, romlebSic si-
zuste mravali sxvadasxva faqtidan da niuansidan swo-
ri arCevanis gakeTebazea damokidebuli~(3-1).
eseigi pirvel rigSi mniSvnelovania: 1.TviTon faq-
ti, radgan misi buneba da xasiaTi ganapirobebs missave
gamorCeulobas, gansakuTrebulobas, originalurobas,
sakuTars... 2.Jurnalisturi profesionalizmi, rome-
lic Tanamdevi procesia yoveli asaxvis sagnisa, rode-
sac mniSvnelovani roli swored konkretuli Jurna-
listis mier faqtis danaxvis, Secnobis unarsa da niWSi
vlindeba.
Tu gvaris(Janris) gamoxatvis sfecifika saTqme-
lis gadmocemis TaviseburebaSi mdgomareobs, xolo es
ukanaskneli ki `faqtissave~ wiaRSi zis, gamodis, saT-
qmeli Tavad irCevs gamoxatvis, `warmoCinebis~ formas,
xolo Tu Jurnalisti cdilobs Tavad mouZebnos gamo-
xatvis forma sakuTari `gemovnebis~, piradi Sexedule-
bis Sesabamisad da ara mis wiaRSi arsebuli bunebrivi

116
mdgomareobidan, viTarebidan, situaciidan, realobi-
dan gamomdinare, maSin is mTlianad Jurnalistis mier
modelirebuli gamova da SesaZloa acdes realobas.
Jurnalisturi buneba swored asaxvis sagnis formisa
da Sinaarsis urTierTobaSi vlindeba. imas, Tu ramde-
nad erwymis asaxvis sagnis specifika formas, ramdenad
pasuxobs droisa da sivrcis moTxovnebs, ramdenad moi-
cavs erTi meores da piriqiT, damokidebulia aseve
Jurnalistis droul da operatiul reagirebasa da ma-
Ral profesionalizmze. rogor unda dainaxos Jurna-
listma saTqmelis yvelaze saukeTeso forma an varian-
ti? ra aris gadamwyveti am dros: profesionalizmi Tu
faqtis, movlenis, procesis danaxvis, aRqmis, Secnobis
unari? egeb Jurnalisturi alRo an fantazia? aseT
dros vambobT xolme: yvelaferi erTad, magram gadam-
wyveti asaRweri sagnis SecnobaSi mdgomareobs, anu da-
naxvis, warmosaxvis, gaazrebis operatiulobaSi, `mi-
siT~ gancdis, gaazrebis unarsa da niWSi.
yoveli konkretuli Jurnalisturi teqsti Sei-
cavs Tavis sakuTar, kerZo, konkretul, gamokveTil xa-
siaTs, romelic pirvelyovlisa, realuri faqtis, mov-
lenis, procesis Sina-arsis, xasiaTis, niSan-Tvisebis
maCvenebeli da gadmomcemia. `yovel Janrs Tavisi pub-
licisturi proeqti aqvs, romlis gardamavali da gar-
dauvali Tvisebebi zegavlenas axdenen SemoqmedebiTi
muSaobis warmarTvis teqnologiasa da informirebis
Taviseburebebze~(4-1). swored aseTi originaluri, ga-
morCeuli, individualuri da ganumeorebeli `pirov-
nuli~ niSan-Tvisebebi faqtis, movlenis, procesis Sec-
nobisa iZleva saSualebas (rodesac avtori winaswar ar
fiqrobs Tu rogori iqneba mis mier Seqmnili teqsti),
gamovlindes avtoris publicisturi, SemoqmedebiTi,
profesionaluri midgoma da damokidebuleba asaxvis

117
sagnisadmi — anu Jurnalistis mier sinamdvilis mode-
lirebis, realobis gadmocemis, Cvenebis unari, (rode-
sac avtorma ukve icis rodis, ra da rogor unda iyos
asaxuli teqstSi, da es yvelaferi ra mizniT keTdeba).
Jurnalisturi teqstebi, romlebic msgavsi gamosaxvis
formebis erTianobiT xasiaTdebian eqcevian erT jguf-
Si, romelsac sityva `Janri~ aerTianebs. mecnier-mkvle-
varebi, meTodologebi, dargis specialistebi iziare-
ben Tvalsazriss sxvadasxva SexedulebaTa gaerTiane-
bis aucileblobis Taobaze erTi konkretuli poziciis
CamoyalibebisaTvis WeSmaritebis dadgenis mizniT. wi-
naaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi rTulia ilaparako erTiani pozi-
ciis Camoyalibebaze sxvadasxva msgavsi Sexedulebebisa
Tu midgomebis gaerTianebisa an konsensusisaTvis, ro-
melic safuZvelia Semdgomi axali kvlevebisa Tu mecni-
eruli miRwevebisa. Janri sxvadasxva leqsikonSi Sem-
degnairad aris ganmartebuli: (fr. genre — `saxeoba~ an
`tipi~), literaturuli kompoziciis kategorizebis-
Tvis kriteriumebis Tavisufali erToblioba; am ter-
mins xelovnebis nebismieri sxva saxis Tu gamonaTqvamis
formis gansazRvrisTvis iyeneben. xelovnebis nebismi-
er formaSi, Janrebi bundovani kategoriebia, romel-
Tac mkveTrad gamoxatuli sazRvrebi ar gaaCniaT. Jan-
rebi konvenciuri xasiaTisaa da xelovnebis araerTi ni-
muSi erTsa da imave dros ramdenime Janrs ganekuTvneba,
ama Tu im Janris principebis sesxebisa da gaerTianebis
gamo. sityva `Janri~, rogorc wesi, vrceldeba xelovne-
basa da kulturaze, gansakuTrebiT literaturaze.
Janris Seswavlis sakiTxSi Janris koncefcia dogmatu-
robas gamoricxavs. ufro metad, aRiarebulia, rom xe-
lovnebis da literaturis nimuSebSi aisaxeba esa Tu is
Janri an miesadageba maT konvenciebs. xelovnebis rome-

118
lime dargis nawarmoebTa istoriulad Camoyalibebuli
nairsaxeoba, romelic gamoirCeva mxolod misTvis dama-
xasiaTebeli stiluri niSnebiT, TematikiT, gamomsaxve-
lobiTi saSualebebiT da a. S. nebismieri mxatvruli na-
warmoebi garkveul Janrs miekuTvneba Tavisi kanonebi-
Ta da moTxovnebiT. ase, mag., literaturaSi, Tu ramde-
nime fraziT CavwerT Cvens STabeWdilebebs, igi gansaz-
Rvrul Janrs warmoadgens — prozaul fragments (pro-
zauli fragmenti, rogorc Janri, farTod iyo gavrce-
lebuli germanel romantikos mweralTa Soris). da ma-
inc, es rodi niSnavs, rom xsenebuli fragmentuli Cana-
weri literaturuli nawarmoebia. am SemTxvevaSi igi
sxva moTxovnebs unda akmayofilebdes — Tavisufali da
siRrmiseuli msjeloba unda erwymodes daxvewil ga-
momsaxvelobiT enas. antikur xanaSi literaturul Jan-
rebad Tvlidnen eposs, lirikasa da dramas. sadReisod,
cneba `Janri~ xSirad uTanabrdeba `saxes~. musikaluri
Janrebi erTmaneTisgan gansxvavdebian, upirveles yov-
lisa, nawarmoebis Sesrulebis wesiT, uZvelesia voka-
luri Janrebi, dakavSirebuli sityvebTan, poetur teq-
stTan, adamianis xmasTan (simRera, romansi, gundi, kan-
tata, oratoria, opera). vokaluri musikis safuZvelze
warmoiqmna sakravieri Janrebi: kameruli (variacia, so-
nata, siuita, preludia, eqspromti, noqtiurni da sxv.),
simfoniuri (uvertiura, simfoniuri fantazia, simfo-
niuri siuita, simfoniuri poema, koncerti, simfonia).
saxviTi xelovnebis sferoSi JanrTagan umTavresia pei-
zaJi, portreti, naturmorti, istoriuli, yofiTi, ba-
taluri, animalisturi da sxva Janrebi~(5-1).
msgavs viTarebasTan gvaqvs saqme, rodesac Jurna-
listur gvarebze(Janrebze) vsaubrobT. konkretuli

119
Jurnalisturi gvaris TaviseburebaTa gaTvaliswineba
ara mxolod exmareba Jurnalists ukeT warmoaCinos
asaxvis obieqti, isaubros mis Sesaxeb martivi, ubralo,
gasagebi eniT, aramed gamijnos, ganasxvavos gadmosace-
mi, asaRweri sagnis leqsikuri maragi sxva xasiaTisa Tu
Sinaarsis mqone gadmosacemi faqtis leqsikisgan, raTa
mocemul momentSi yvelaze ukeT gadmoices asaxvis
obieqtis rogorc formaluri, ise Sinaarsobrivi bune-
ba. zogierTi redaqtori mag. Txovs Jurnalists masa-
las jandacvis sakiTxebze, rac cotaTi damabnevelia,
gansakuTrebiT damwyebi, gamoucdeli Jurnalistebi-
saTvis, radgan mocemul SemTxvevaSi ar Cans konkretu-
lad rogori xasiaTis masalis momzadeba surs redaq-
tors. SedarebiT martivia davalebis Sesruleba maSin,
rodesac igive redaqtori iTxovs magaliTad narkvevs
qalaqis cnobil eqim-Terapevtze. am ukanasknelTan da-
kavSirebiT Jurnalisti ukeT gaigebs Tu rogori masa-
lis momzadeba surs redaqtors.
JurnalistikaSi saTqmelis gamoxatvis sami Ziri-
Tadi gvaria, (gnebavT forma an saxe vuwodoT), aRiare-
buli, Tundac miRebuli, romelic gansxvavebuli faq-
tebisa da movlenebis asaxvisa da gadmocemis saSuale-
bas iZleva: (yvela maTganisaTvis saTqmelis Taviseburi
stili da formaa damaxasiaTebeli. miuxedavad amisa, ma-
Ti erTmaneTisagan mkveTrad gamijvna, fundamenturi
zRvaris dadeba Secdoma iqneboda. amis safuZveli ki
salaparako enis bazisSi unda veZioT, aseve asaxvis sag-
nis Taviseburebasa da bunebriv kompoziciaSi: informa-
ciuli, analitikuri da mxatvrul-publicisturi. Tum-
ca es ukanaskneli miCneulia analitikuri gamosaxvis
formad da mas calke aRar ganixilaven. swored am ori
an sami saxis, formisa da Sinaarsis ganmasxvavebeli da
ganmsazRvreli xasiaTebi, niSan-Tvisebebi: formobriv-

120
vizualur-Sinaarsobrivi buneba gamokveTs Jurnalis-
tikis erTian, mTlian organizms da miznad isaxavs ise-
Ti Teoriuli teqstebis Seqmnas, rodesac asaxvis sag-
nis mTliani konkretuli saxe gamoikveTeba; (maT Soris
mxatvruli saxiTac).
ras emsaxureba an ras gulisxmobs informaciuli
Janri? rogoria am Janris teqstebis buneba? rogor
aRiwereba is? riT gansxvavdeba sxva Janrisagan anu saT-
qmelis gamoxatvis sxva formisagan? ganmasxvavebeli ni-
Sani devs swored teqstebis rogorc formalur, ise Si-
naarsobriv TvalsazrisSi da amis gamocnoba arc Tu ise
rTulia. es mdgomareobs informaciuli Janris ro-
gorc gamoxatvis formalur mxareSi, aseve mis Sinagan
samyaroSi-filosofiaSi; rodesac is mTlianad faqte-
bis asaxvisas eyrdnoba SedarebiT garegnul, vizualur,
`zedapirul~, martiv warmosaxvasa da Cvenebas, rome-
lic gulisxmobs siaxleze orientirebuli yvelanairi
faqtis, movlenis, procesis (mniSvnelovanis, naklebad
mniSvnelovanis) `aRnusxvas~, warmoCenas, mitanas masob-
riv auditoriasTan; romelic aseve faqtis damaxasia-
Tebel, gamokveTil, saintereso detalis gamovlenasac
uwyobs xels. aseTi warmoCena-warmodgena gvaZlevs sa-
Sualebas SevuqmnaT zogadi Sexeduleba da warmodgena
sazogadoebas, mis TiToeul wevrs asaxvis saganze, ro-
melic Tavad iyalibebs Semdgom ama Tu im doneze Sesa-
bamis Sexedulebasa da pozicias ama Tu im konkretul
faqtTan mimarTebaSi sakuTari, piradi interesidan ga-
momdinare. am SemTxvevaSi Jurnalisti pasuxs scems
mxolod eqvs martiv kiTxvas: vin? ra? sad? rodis? ra-
tom? rogor? dasmul kiTxvebze swrafi da operatiuli
pasuxebi am JanriT dainteresebul adamianTa cnobis-
moyvareobas gulgrilad ar tovebs.
meore mniSvnelovani da saintereso forma Jurna-

121
listuri asaxvis sagnisa, romelic faqtis, movlenis
procesis, viTarebis, realobis garkvevas, gaanalizebas
uwyobs xels, analizuris saxelwodebiTaa cnobili.
analizuri teqstebi ZiriTadad aqcentireben yvelaze
mniSvnelovanisa da sainteresos Cveneba-gamovlena-
warmoCena-gamokvlevaze, romelic cxovrebaSi mimdina-
re viTarebas asaxavs. es ZiriTadad cxovrebaSi arsebu-
li problemebi da sakirkito Temebia, xandaxan zedme-
tad mtkivneulic. is SeiZleba exebodes konkretul pi-
rovnebebs, romelTa Sesaxeb sazogadoebisaTvis cnobi-
li ar iyos, aseve cnobil adamianebs: politikosebs,
ekonomistebs, msaxiobebs, mdidar, gavlenian da fulian
avtoritetebs, aseve Jurnalistebsac. analitikuri Te-
matika rig riskfaqtorebsac Seicavs da amitomac masze
muSaoba xifaTis Semcvelic SeiZleba aRmoCndes. anali-
tikuri asaxva fokusirebulia sazogadoebas mouyves,
gaagebinos miviwyebuli, mtkivneuli da saWirboroto
Temebis Sesaxeb, romelTa mimarT auditorias bundova-
ni an araswori Sexeduleba aqvs da bolomde ar aris
garkveuli simarTleSi. analitikuri teqstebis yvela-
ze mTavari principi simarTleze, obieqturobasa da mi-
ukerZoeblobazea orientirebuli. es rodi niSnavs
imas, rom sxva gvarebi aqcentireben mikerZoebas, arao-
bieqturobas, usamarTlobas. ara, es ase rodia, magram
informaciuli asaxva saTqmels gadmoscems yovelgvari
Seferilobis gareSe, aCvenebs faqts, realobas, sinam-
dviles yovelgvari komentaris gareSe, ise rom momxma-
rebeli mas gebulobs ise, rogorc xedavs an kiTxu-
lobs. analitikur JanrSi ki asaxvis forma da Sinaarsi
mraval gamokvlevas, daskvnas, Seswavlas, Tvalyuris
midevnebas, did pirad gamocdilebas efuZneba. SeuZle-
belia analitikuri teqstis momzadeba piradi gamocdi-
lebis gareSe. analizi moiTxovs rogorc Teoriul, ase-

122
ve praqtikul gamocdilebasac Jurnalistis mxridan,
radgan Jurnalisti, romelic konkretuli faqtebis Ses-
wavlasa da mis safuZvelze gakeTebuli daskvnebis gaana-
lizebas daiwyebs, mas upirvelesad Sesabamisi kompeten-
cia unda gaaCndes, anu Teoriuli da praqtikuli codnis
resursi, romelic miscems mas Seumcdari daskvnebis gake-
Tebis SesaZleblobas, anu gamocdilebis maragi masSi sak-
maod didi unda iyos. analitikur teqstSi Jurnalisti
cdilobs axsnas da gamoikvlios yvelaze miuwvdomeli,
dafaruli, mniSvnelovani da saintereso, aCvenos Sinaga-
ni, mizez-Sedegobrivi kavSiri faqtebis, movlenebis, pro-
cesebis amgvari ganviTarebisa, (kiTxvebi, romelsac pasu-
xobs Jurnalisti, mniSvnelovnad farToa da yovlismom-
cveli, amasTan gasagebi da naTeli). analitikur teqsteb-
ze muSaobisas gansakuTrebuli yuradReba Jurnalistis
mier maxvildeba iseT problematur sakiTxebze, romelic
yvelaze metad aRelvebs sazogadoebas, romelsac aqvs
ara mxolod survili gaerkves situaciaSi, aramed ufle-
bac, eZebos gamosavali viTarebis gamosasworeblad sazo-
gadoebrivi ganviTarebis, progresis gzaze. `Jurnalis-
tisTvis yoveli davaleba amosaxsneli saidumloa. dak-
virvebis meTodis gamoyenebiT man SeiZleba ipovos gamo-
savali, is mniSvnelovani informacia, romlis garSemoc
ganviTardeba ambavi~(6-1).
mxatvrul-publicisturi asaxva, romelic anali-
zur JanrSi moiazreba, mimarTulia ara mxolod movle-
nebisa da faqtebis detalur axsnaze, misi Sinagani bune-
bisa da xasiaTis gamovlenaze, aramed aqcents akeTebs
swored faqtebis emociur-mxatvruli formiT warmo-
Cenaze, eqspresiulobaze. aseTi prezentacia faqtebisa
xels uwyobs sazogadoebis, masobrivi auditoriis
efeqturobas konkretul sakiTxebze gansakuTrebuli
reagirebisaTvis, rodesac Tanabrad muSaobs rogorc

123
Jurnalisturi, aseve literaturuli SesaZleblobani,
rac sabolood zrdis imave auditoriis emociur pa-
Toss da kidev ufro mimzidvelsa da sainteresos xdis
warmodgenil sinamdviles. swored aseTi Jurnalistu-
ri da literaturuli nazavi, rodesac erTmaneTs er-
wymis literaturul-publicisturi SesaZleblobani
(faqtebis gardasaxvis, Seferadebis, gadaWarbebis, gaz-
viadebis, hiperbolizaciis unari), kidev ufro metad
uwyobs xels faqtis (faqtebis) efeqtur warmoCenas,
emociur gaazrebas, zemoqmedebiT `wnexs~. swored
msgavsi SemoqmedebiTi da gamomsaxvelobiTi SesaZleb-
lobani aaxloebs Jurnalistikas mxatvrul literatu-
rasTan, romelsac ewodeba publicisturi (an Tundac
mxatvruli) tipizacia. Sesabamisi xasiaTis Jurnalis-
tika auditoriis winaSe svams `xelCasaWids~, faqts, ro-
melic yvelaze ukeT Seesabameba sinamdvilis realur
gaazrebas, rogorc emociuri, ise momxdari movlenis
Sinagani xasiaTis axsnisa da analizisaTvis.
yvela zemoTCamoTvlili asaxvis formis upirate-
si roli faqtisave ganmsazRvrel Sinagan xasiaTsa Tu
bunebaSi, missave `pirovnul~ samyaroSi-filosofiaSi
vlindeba; Tuki, ra Tqma unda, movaxerxebT da SevZlebT
am yvelafris danaxvasa da gaazrebas. amitomac aris er-
Tgvarad rTuli Jurnalisturi SemoqmedebiTi SesaZ-
leblobani martivad `gaamJRavno~ da aseve martivad da
advilad warmoaCino. SemoqmedebiTi fantaziis gareSe
asaxvis sagnis am JanrSi gadmocema-gamoxatva ubralod
SeuZlebelia, xolo fantaziaze ki, mogexsenebaT, vera-
vin brZaneblobs, piriqiT-Tavadaa mbrZanebeli: ise wer
da gadmoscem, rogorc `fantazias surs~. swored es
survili, ufro swored sasurveli realobaa Zalze
mniSvnelovani da saintereso SemoqmedebiTi gaazrebi-
saTvis: Tavisufali, magram erTgvarad sazRvarmiCeni-

124
li, ara Sekvecili, aramed laRi, ara frTebSeWrili,
aramed yovlismomcveli, ara SeboWili, aramed yovlis-
mTqmeli, amasTan erTad saintereso, siRrmiseuli,
rwmeniTa da imediT gajerebuli, lakonuri, marTali,
obieqturi da drouli.
Tanamedrove mediasaSualebaTa SesaZleblobani
ZiriTadad miznis propagandistul zemoqmedebaze av-
lebs orientirs. auditoria ki Cveulebriv kvlav imas
iTxovs, rasac wlebis ganmavlobaSi, gnebavT saukunee-
bis winaTac iTxovda. Temebi, romelic politikur, eko-
nomikur, socialur, kulturul, religiur, da a.S. sa-
kiTxebs moicavs, bevrma ubralod mxolod forma Seic-
vala, zogierTma axali `Sirma~ moirgo. sinamdvileSi
yvelaferi iseve darCa, rogoradac aris. amitomac, Se-
saZloa bevrma es yvelaferi sakuTar miznad gamoiyenos
da daisaxos maqsimalurad bolomde `pirad sargebelze
orientirebuli~ arsebuli realoba sakuTari `pragma-
tuli~ interesebis sasargeblod mimarTos. es ase nam-
dvilad xdeba da am yvelaferma ukve imdenad intensiu-
ri xasiaTi miiRo, auditoria am yvelafers veRarc ki
amCnevs. amis naTeli dasturi swored mediasaSualebaTa
zedmeti politizirebaa, anu meti CarTuloba sxvaTa
saqmianobis gadaWarbebuli propagandirebisaTvis,
araswori SefasebisaTvis, siyalbisa da sicruis erTa-
derT WeSmaritebad gasaRebisaTvis... iqedan gamomdina-
re, rom Jurnalistika zrdis informaciis socialuri
aqtivobis xarisxs sazogadoebaSi, aseve axdens imave sa-
zogadoebis socialur orientaciasac SeTavazebuli
Temebis mixedviT..
saerTo jamSi, Jurnalisturi teqstebi, romleb-
sac gamokveTili mizani amoZravebT, mniSvnelovani pi-
robaa sazogadoebrivi azris Seqmnis gzaze im ZiriTadi
amocanis Sesasruleblad, romelic sinamdvilis gaaz-

125
rebasa da Jurnalistur fantazias erT mTlianobad
warmosaxavs da faqtis Cveneba-gadmocemiT konkretu-
li qmedebisaken ubiZgebs auditorias. aseTi Semoqmede-
biTi mizani, romelic obieqtur realobas subieqtur
sinamdviled swored sakuTari fantaziis karnaxis sa-
fuZvelze warmoaCens, interpretirebis ganmsazRvrel
etapze erTaderT WeSmarit realobad gvevlineba da
gvaZlevs saSualebas realizeba movaxdinoT im ZiriTa-
di sazogadoebrivi daniSnulebisa da funqciis mqone
informaciuli produqtisa, romelsac modelirebuli
sazogadoebrivi azri warmoadgens.
informacias, romelic xels uwyobs masobrivi au-
ditoriis socialur orientacias da regulirebas ax-
dens imave iuditoriisas sakuTari moRvaweobis, piradi
socialuri kompetenturobis (avtoritetis) wina plan-
ze wamoweviT, aRadgens imave sazogadoebis sulier wo-
nasworobas da exmareba mas swored gansxvavebuli Sexe-
dulebebisa da ideebis sxvadasxvaobis safuZvelze swo-
ri da adekvaturi daskvnebi gaakeTon mimdinare movle-
nebze.

literatura:

1. T. malaRuraZe, Tanamedrove maskomunikaciuri Teoriebi

da koncefciebi~, Tb.2013,gv.163-164
2. m.gersamia, elementaruli nawilakebi JurnalistikaSi,
Tb.2011,gv.53
3. j.m. hamiltoni, j. krimski, CaeWideT presas, Tb.2004. gv.18
4. m. gersamia, publicisturi informirebis Taviseburebani,
Tb.2004, gv17
5. www.nplg.gov.ge
6. melvin menCeri, axali ambebis gaSuqeba da wera, me-12 gamo-
cema, Tbilisi, 2013, gv.147

126
 VI

axali ambebis Jurnalistika

Cven vcxovrobT axali ambebis elvare epoqaSi da

movlenebis ganviTarebas vakvirdebiT teleeTerisa da
masmediis sxvadasxva saSualebebiT. satelevizio siv-
rce, romelmac mTeli samyaro moicva, mzadaa yvela da-
interesebul pirs msoflioSi mimdinare procesebi ne-
bismieri wertilidan aCvenos. saSinao Tu saerTaSori-
so mniSvnelobis axali ambebisa da movlenebisadmi gan-
sakuTrebuli interesi ganpirobebulia Tanamedrove
samyaroSi mimdinare geopolitikuri, ekonomikuri da
socialuri sinamdviliT, romelic gasuli saukunis 80-
iani wlebidan mkveTrad gamoxatul formas iZens. geo-
politikurad cvalebadi msoflio, globalizacia da
msoflio ekonomikis transnacionalizacia axal SesaZ-
leblobebs qmnis sakomunikacio qselebis ganviTarebi-
sa da teqnologiebis danergvis TvalsazrisiT. Tanam-
gzavruli aparatebis saSualebiT dReisaTvis daaxloe-
biT msoflios 200 qveynis aseulobiT milioni adamiani
sargeblobs unikaluri telearxebiT: `SNN” da `BBS~,
`EVRONIUS~ da `AL JAZIRA~, romlebic movlenebisa da pro-
cesebis gaSuqebis TvalsazrisiT ukve iqcnen msoflio
sainformacio bazris saintereso moTamaSeebad. maTi
saqmianobis sfecifika gamomdinareobs 24-saaTiani uw-
yveti gadacemebiT — yoveldRiurad teleeTerSi Sesve-
nebebis gareSe miawodon informacia iseT Temebze, ro-
melic mayurebelma SeiZleba ver naxos nacionaluri
televiziiT. `ra aris axali ambavi? sivrcis, droisa da
resursebis deficitis pirobebSi, ra aris mniSvnelova-
ni da ra — ara, ra unda gavaSuqoT da ra — ugulebel-
vyoT? vin unda gasces am kiTxvebs pasuxi dRevandeli

127
usazRvro internetsivrcis epoqaSi?~(1-1). samwuxarod
Tu sabednierod axali ambebis Zalian maRali procenti
Tanamedrove msoflio politikaze modis. `yvela poli-
tikur ideas sakuTari socialuri da istoriuli gare-
mo-pirobebi da is politikuri ambiciebi ayalibebs,
romlebsac emsaxureba~(2-1). pirdapiri gadacemis feno-
meni saSualebas aZlevs sazogadoebas Tvalyuri adev-
nos msoflioSi mimdinare procesebs da iyos movlene-
bis SuagulSi. dReisaTvis swored zemoTxsenebuli
globaluri telearxebi gvevlinebian sainformacio
axali ambebis pirvel mimwodeblebad msoflio sain-
formacio bazarze.
Tumca Tanamedrove mecnierul-teqnikurma prog-
resma gansakuTrebuli siaxle SesTavaza mediamomxma-
rebels axali mediis saxiT, romelsac ambebis Setyobi-
nebis unikalurobiTa da operatiulobiT analogi ar
aqvs da SeuZlia ganusazRvreli raodenobisa da mocu-
lobis produqcia ufasod miawvdinos. amitomacaa, rom
axalma mediam dReisaTvis ambavTa miwodebis, aseve pi-
radi subieqturi azrisa Tu poziciis masobrivad gav-
rcelebis saqmeSi milionobiT mxardamWeri SeiZina. in-
formaciuli monopolizmi calkeul msxvil mediakor-
poraciebs Soris qmnis seriozul konkurencias gaakon-
trolon globaluri axali ambebis nakadi. es yvelafe-
ri ki Tavis mxvriv badebs winaaRmdegobebs Tanamedrove
epoqis globaluri axali ambebis gaSuqebis saqmeSic,
rac pirvel rigSi aisaxeba Jurnalistebis mier movle-
nebis obieqturad gaSuqebis aucileblobaSi. saerTaSo-
riso axali ambebis maRalganviTarebuli teqnologiebi
xasiaTdebian tendenciiT iyvnen ganmsazRvreli msof-
lio sainformacio sivrcisa, romlis prioritetad
kvlavac rCeba informaciis uswrafesi miReba-gadamu-
Savebisa da misi swrafad gavrcelebis teqnologia.

128
`Jurnalistebi garkveuli zogadi prinipebiT xel-
mZRvaneloben da uamravi SemTxvevidan Tu saintereso
ideidan irCeven iseTs, romlisTvisac Rirs Cveni, anu
farTo sazogadoebis yuradRebis mipyroba da romelic
`axal ambad~ Rirs~(3-1). axali ambebis Jurnalistika, mi-
si Tavisebureba da gansakuTrebuloba upirveles yov-
lisa, Tavs iCens informaciis mopovebis meqanizmis ope-
ratiulobaSi, misi swrafad gavrcelebis xelovnebaSi,
daswrebis procesis amuSavebaSi. Jurnalisti-reporti-
ori cdilobs pirvelma miitanos auditoriamde yvela
siaxle, romlebic ganisazRvrebian rogorc axal faq-
tebi, movlenebi, ambebi, cnobebi, qveyanaSi mimdinare
procesebi da `siaxleebi~. zogadi TvalsazrisiT, axali
ambavi es aris `SemoqmedebiTad~ gardaqmnili, Jurna-
listis mier modelirebuli informacia cxovrebaSi
arsebul realur faqtebze, sinamdvileze, mimdinare
movlenebsa da procesebze dakvirvebis Sedegi. masob-
rivi auditoriis mier axali realobiT daintereseba
miwodebuli informaciis operatiulobasa da adeqva-
turobis xarisxzea orientirebuli. iseTnairad Tana-
organizebuli axali movlenebi da faqtebi, rodesac
sazogadoebis mxridan informaciuli inflacia gamoi-
ricxeba da masobrivi auditoria mxolod drosTan da
sivrcesTan realizebad produqias miiRebs, rodesac
momxmarebeli adeqvatur SesabamisobaSi igrZnobs Tavs
da ar aRmoCndeba virtualur samyaroSi. axali ambebis
amdagvari gageba sazogadoebrivi azris Camoyalibebisa
da amave sazogadoebis mizanmimarTul miswrafebaTa da
SexedulebaTa ganmsazRvreli erT-erTi mniSvnelovani
faqtorTagania. `bevri muSaoba Zalian mniSvnelovania
JurnalistikaSi, magram marto aqtivoba ar kmara-meTo-
dia aucilebeli~(3-2). Tanamedrove sazogadoebis mTa-
var, amasTanave mniSvnelovan prioritetad amJamad

129
kvlavac miCneulia informaciuli xasiaTis teqstebi,
romlebic yviTeli presis moZalebis miuxedavad, cdi-
loben kvlavac darCnen ZiriTad samizned da Cveuleb-
rivma presam, romelic moiazreba rogorc axali ambe-
bis da ara ideebis gavrcelebis saSualeba, upasuxos
drois gamowvevebs. amaSi presas xels uwyobs sazogado-
ebisaTvis cnobili saxeebis, Tundac profesionalebis,
eqspertebis mxridan SeTavazebuli komentarebi maT-
Tvis saintereso Temebsa Tu problematikaze. am fonze
kvlavac aqtualuria beWduri mediis furclebze da-
beWdili polemika mTel rig nacnob, amasTan, mtkivneul
sakiTxebze. sazogadoebis TvalSi aseTi pasuxismgeb-
loba da gulRiaoba, rodesac aSkaraa gulwrfelad saq-
mis keTebis survili da misken gadadgmuli nabijebi, ma-
sobriv auditorias presisadmi ganawyobs pozitiviT.
sazogadoebis mxridan ndobisa da mxardaWeris gamoxa-
tuleba beWduri mediisadmi iZleva amosunTqvis saSua-
lebas koncentrireba moaxdinon sakuTari SesaZleblo-
bebisa da maqsimalurad upasuxon drois gamowvevebs.
sazogadoeba kvlavac ndobas ucxadebs presas da xan-
grZlivi politikuri da inteleqtualuri brZola swo-
red sainformacio asparezze kvlavac presis saSuale-
biT imarTeba. es istoriuladac ase iyo, rodesac presa
zogadad gadaiqceoda literaturul-politikuri po-
lemikis velad. gavixsenoT magaliTi qarTuli politi-
kuri cxovrebidan me-19 saukunis 60-70-iani wlebis dam-
degisaTvis, rodesac Tergdaleulebi brZolas ucxa-
deben Zvelsa da CamorCenils. qarTul literaturaSi
es brZola TaobaTa Soris dapirispirebad, `mamaTa da
SvilTa~ brZolis saxeliT moinaTla. man mTliani asaxva
swored beWdur mediaSi hpova da misi saSualebiT iqca
WeSmaritad erovnul-patriotul cnobierebad da az-
rovnebad. yvelas kargad moexseneba, rom sinamdvileSi

130
mamebsa da Svilebs araferi hqondaT gasayofi, garda
qveynis momavali ganviTarebis gzis arCevanisa, an kidev,
imave saukunis damlevisaTvis, rodesac asparezze ga-
modian e.w. `mesame daselebi~. maT mier kargad provoci-
rebul propagandistTa aqtiuri muSaobis wyalobiT wi-
na planze inacvlebda aranacionaluri interesebi, ro-
melic Zirs uTxrida qveynis erovnul mTlianaobasa da
damoukideblobas. `iliaseulma `saerTo niadagis Teo-
riam~ meti mniSvneloba SeiZina XIX-XX saukuneebis mij-
naze, roca samoRvaweo asparezze gamovida sxvadasxva
politikuri partia, erTmaneTTan mkveTrad dapirispi-
rebuli~ (4-1). es yvelaferi beWduri mediasaSualebe-
biT vrceldeboda ara mxolod qveynis masStabiT da Se-
sabamisad igive mediasaSualebebi gansazRvravdnen da
aCvenebdnen qveyanaSi arsebul `duRilis temperatu-
ras~. `axali ambebisadmi gansakuTrebuli moTxovnile-
ba sazogadoebis mxridan misdami CarTulobaSi gamoixa-
teba~(5-1). dRes informacia erT-erTi ZiriTadi da Zvi-
radRirebuli saqoneli xdeba. 21-e saukunis momavali
ganisazRvreba ara kerZo an sazogadoebrivi sakuTre-
bis dominirebiT, aramed sazogadoebis momavali Camo-
yalibdeba codnisa da ganaTlebis garkveuli donis sa-
fuZvelze. Tanamedrove sazogadoebaSi iseTi didi in-
formacia miedineba, rom adamianebs uWirT damoukideb-
lad gaerkvnen, gamijnon da gansazRvron WeSmaritebis
kriteriumebi da miiRos swori gadawyvetileba. infor-
maciuli bumisa da qaosis damkvidrebaSi lomis wili ek-
ranis kulturazec modis, romelic audiovizualuri
teqnikis safuZvelze unikalur zemoqmedebas axdens
adamianis cnobierebaze. `yvelgan, sadac ki gaivlis in-
formacia, marTvis procesi xorcieldeba~(6-1). amieri-
dan, informaciis warmoeba, Senaxva, gadacema da moxma-
reba xdeba principulad sxva teqnologiur safuZvel-

131
ze, romelic iwvevs sazogadoebrivi azrovnebis niveli-
rebasa da komunikaciuri arxebis decentralizacias.
informaciis xelmisawvdomoba da mravalferovneba,
romelic masobrivi komunikaciis Tanamedrove saSua-
lebebiT miiRweva, iwvevs erTi mxvriv, kulturul-in-
formaciuli sivrcis mniSvnelovan erTgvarovnebas, me-
ore mxvriv ki, udides mravalferovnebas am informa-
ciisa, romlidanac SeuZlia adamians airCios is, rac pa-
suxobs mis gemovnebas. informaciuli arCevani didadaa
damokidebuli pirovnebis sulier da inteleqtualur,
gonebriv SesaZleblobebze, rodesac igi Tavs gaar-
Tmevs da ar CaiZireba ukidegano informaciis nislian
labirinTebSi. Tu momavlis sazogadoeba marTlac ase-
Ti iqneba da is mogvevlineba rogorc adekvaturi ret-
ransliatori, maSin Jurnalistikisa da Jurnalistis
roli kidev ufro metad gaizrdeba, radgan sinamdvili-
sa da imitaciis zRvarze myofma institutma Tavi war-
moaCinos ara rogorc ubralo retransliatorma, ara-
med rogorc samyaros realuri suraTis warmomCenma,
faqtebis gamiznulad gadmomcemma zustad mignebuli
komentariTa da analiziT. am TvalsazrisiT ara mxo-
lod axali ambebis Jurnalistikas gaaCnia aRmzrdelo-
biTi funqciac, warmarTavs ra adamians aramarto suli-
eri faseulobebis arCevanisaken, aramed ayalibebs mis
cnobierebaSi cxovrebis sazriss, arss da ganapirobebs
kidec mas. adamians, romlis cxovreba dakavSirebulia
garkveul profesiul saqmianobasTan, ideebTan, Sexe-
dulebebTan, socialur-politikur mrwamsTan masob-
rivi komunikaciis saSualebebi sTavazoben Tanamedro-
ve msoflioSi arsebul movlenebsa da faqtebze doku-
menturad motanil suraTebs, faqtebs, azrebs, ideebs,
romlebic bevrwilad ar eTanxmeba pirovnul filoso-
fiur samyaros, rac xSirad imedebis gacruebas, an piri-

132
qiT, simtkices uwyobs xels.
axali msoflio informaciuli wesrigi, romelze-
dac pretenzias umsxvilesi mediakorporaciebi acxade-
ben, udidesi safrTxis Semcvelia. masobrivi komunika-
ciebis msoflio sistema damokidebulia kapitalsa da
uaxles teqnikur aRWurvilobaze. amitomac ar aris ga-
moricxuli axali ambebis gavrceleba ekonomikurad
Zlieri qveynis sainformacio saagentoebis kontrol-
qveS moeqces, romelic gamoiwvevs yvela movlena Suq-
debodes am qveynis sasargeblo TvalsazrisiT. Jurna-
listika sxvadasxva elementTa erToblivi moqmedebiT
ayalibebs sazogadoebriv azrovnebas da konkretuli
faqtebis safuZvelze iZleva safuZvlian ganmartebebs.
Tumca zogierTi mkvlevari ar eTanxmeba SexedulebaTa
Ria warmoCenas axali ambebis JurnalistikaSi. maTi az-
riT axali ambebi unda iyos mxolod informacia, komen-
tarebi ki aris analitikuri Jurnalistikis amocana. in-
formaciuli Jurnalistikis mxardamWerebi mtkiced
arian darwmunebuli imaSi, rom mkiTxvels surs icodes,
ra naxa da ra aRmoaCina Jurnalistma da ara is, rogor
da ratom moxda es. axali ambebis Jurnalistika, gamo-
yofs ra movlenaTa nakadidan yvelaze mniSvnelovans,
qmnis masalebs, romlebic gamoirCevian up. yovlisa
faqtis Cveneba-gadmocemis gansakuTrebuli unariT,
rodesac Tavad faqti eweva propagandas da ara Jurna-
listi. magram es ar niSnavs imas, rom informaciuli
Jurnalistika mxolod movlenaTa `fotografirebaa~.
sworedac axali ambebis Seswavla-Setyobinebis proce-
si arTmevs Jurnalists sakmaod did drosa da energias
momxdar faqtebze operatiuli, amasTan mkacri da miu-
kerZoebeli analizi moaxdinos da sworad da droulad
SearCios uamrav faqtTagan iseTi, romlebic warmoC-
ndebian dRis mniSvnelovan axal ambebad. am moTxovnaTa

133
Soris upirvelesi operatiuloba, kompetenturoba da
sizustea, romelic asaxvis sagnis TaviseburebaTa gaT-
valiswinebiT, araTu kargavs bunebriv saxes, aramed
maqsimalurad inarCunebs mis namdvilobas. vaCvenoT is,
Tu ra moxda da rogor moxda, mxolod am SemTxvevaSi
SeZlebs Jurnalisti auditoriis ndobis mopovebasa da
dainteresebas, romelic saTanadod reagirebs da am-
JRavnebs reaqcias.
kacobriobis ganviTarebis adreul etapze infor-
maciis gadacemis mTavari saSualeba iyo ena. `es ki imas
niSnavs, rom enis struqtura gansazRvravs azrovnebis
struqturas da samyaros Secnobis wess~(7-1). misi saSu-
alebiT aRwevdnen adamianebi urTierTobas, swavlob-
dnen erTmaneTis saqmianobas, romelSic gadamwyveti
mniSvneloba adamianis centralur nervul sistemas
eniWeboda. `roca adamiani axal sagnebs qmnis da amiT
samyaros amdidrebs, igi amdidrebs, aviTarebs da aum-
jobesebs Tavis Tavsac. amas SeiZleba vuwodoT adamia-
nis kultivacia~(8-1). Tanamedrove globaluri komuni-
kaciuri qseli analogiuria adamianis nervuli siste-
misa, romelic mokle operatiul informacias gadas-
cems sxvadasxva sixSiriT. am axal samyaroSi, up. yovli-
sa, sivrcis, droisa da informaciis swrafi SekumSvis
xarjze, adamiani iRebs SesaZleblobas erTdroulad
monawileobdes movlenebSi, akvirdebodes procesebs,
amasTan akeTebdes relevantur daskvnebs, miuxedavad
erTmaneTisgan udidesi manZiliT daSorebuli an gamij-
nuli informaciebisa. adamianis tvini, Tanamedrove in-
formaciuli procesebis ukidegano horizontze, iRebs
ra informacias, arCevs qcevis erTaderT misTvis misa-
Reb variants. da imaze, Tu ra pasuxismgeblobiT Seas-
rulebs Tavis rols Jurnalisti, romelic konkretu-
li adamianis `tvins~ avsebs dadasturebuli cnobebiT,

134
damokidebulia mTlianad sazogadoebis ganviTareba.
Tanamedrove sazogadoebaSi informaciuli Jur-
nalistika kvlavac mtkiced ikavebs Tavis niSas, aZlevs
ra saSualebas Jurnalists SeiZinos axali socialuri
statusi; iyos ara mxolod mimwodebeli, aramed pasu-
xismgebelic miwodebuli informaciis xarisxsa da san-
doobaze. masobrivi komunikaciis saSualebebiT axali
ambebis nakadis xSiri ganmeorebisa da monacvleobis
fonze sazogadoeba ecnoba umniSvnelovanes politi-
kur, ekonomikur, socialur, kulturul-saganmanaT-
leblo, jandacvis, ekologiur, sportul da a.S. movle-
nebs, romlis mizania Seiqmnas Tanamedrove msoflios
mizanmimarTuli suraTi, gadmoices arsebuli proble-
mebi, eTno Tu politikuri konfliqtebi, ekonomikuri
procesebi, literaturuli monapovrebi da sazogadoe-
ba yovelTvis iyos movlenebis epicentrSi. Jurnalis-
turi saqmianoba upirobod unda pasuxobdes drois ga-
mowvevebs axali ambebisa da movlenebis gaSuqebis
TvalsazrisiT msoflios nebismieri wertilidan.
ra aris axali ambavi, romelic magnitiviT izidavs
adamianis cnobierebas? am kiTxvas martivi pasuxi aqvs:
axali ambavi aris is, rac Sen ar ici. es erTgvari cnobi-
li formulaa axal ambebTan dakavSirebiT, romelic
araTu kargavs Tavis mniSvnelobas, piriqiT kidev ufro
amouxsneli rCeba. axali ambavi, romelic yvelas ainte-
resebs, SeiZleba iyos nebismieri saxis informacia po-
litikur, ekonomikur, socialur, kulturul, saganma-
naTleblo, religiis, jandacvis, ekologiis, sportu-
li Tematikis da a.S. erTi sityviT yvelaferi is, rac
Sens garSemo moxda, xdeba an sulac SesaZlebelia mox-
des. `informaciuli Jurnalistikis TavidaTavi movle-
na da misi arsia. momxdar ambavSi mTavris Ziebisas SesaZ-
lebelia dairRves qronologia. aseT formas piramida,

135
igive antiistoria ewodeba~(9-1). axali ambavi eqvs kiT-
xvaze pasuxobs. vin? ra? sad? rodis? ratom? rogor? es
kiTxvebi da Sesabamisad yoveli kiTxvis pasuxi unda mo-
iZebnos iq, sadac axali ambavi moxda an xdeba. rogorc
aRvniSneT, axalia is, rac jer kidev ar ici da gaqvs
survili misi gagebisa. es iqneba Sens sadarbazoSi mom-
xdari ambavi, ezoSi, mezobel quCaze Tu qalaqis ganapi-
ra mxares, an sulac meore qalaqSi, mezobel qveyanaSi,
mniSvneloba ara aqvs manZils, siSores, sivrces, cno-
bismoyvareoba `..gadaifrens, gascuravs, ipovis, sawa-
dels miaRwevs~.... Sen gainteresebs da gsurs gaigo ra
moxda, sad moxda, rogor moxda da a.S. mTavaria mokled
an dawvrilebiT gaigo momxdari ambisa Tu movlenis Se-
saxeb. rac ufro swrafad moaxerxeb amas, miT ukeTesi,
radganac axali ambis erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani
Tviseba missave operatiulobaSi mdgomareobs, anu
swrafad gagebis, gasinjvis, morgebis, gacnobis, gaTavi-
sebis instinqtis xarisxi Zalian maRalia, romelsac ve-
ravin axsnis. ratomaa adamiani aseTi cnobismoyvare?
ratom surs gaigos, icodes, esmodes? ra iseTi `jado~
devs axal ambavSi, romelic yvelas cnobierebas magni-
tiviT izidavs? metad martivi pasuxia amaze: adamianis
tvini isea mowyobili, rom mas ainteresebs yvelaferi
axali, ufalma ase ineba, ase ganago... `cnobis moyvarea
adamiani~ bevr rames gvafiqrebinebs es gamoTqma da
bevr rameze migvaniSnebs kidec. bevri ram icis adamia-
nis tvinma, bevri ram waukiTxavs da gaugia, magram imaze
meti kvlav wasakiTxi da gasagebia, rac ukve gagvigia da
gvinaxavs. swored am da sxva msgavs sakiTxebze saubrobs
ilia Tavis erT-erT filosofiuri xasiaTis werilSi
`saqarTvelos moambezed~. `...cxovrebis talRa metad
Zlieria da Cveulebrivi kaci metad susti, rom Tan ar
waiyolios im talRam. marto geniosis mkerdi Tu gaa-

136
pobs da Semusravs mas, Torem sxvisTvis Znelia. Sor-
smxedveloba, droebazed ufloba marto geniosis saq-
mea. is Taviss Tamams svlaSi SemoibRertavs xolme dro-
ebis mtversa, romelic CvenisTana kacsa ufaravs sagnis
mniSvnelobasa... is Tavis Zlier mxrebiT amoitans, amo-
zidavs xolme mas, rac TiTon cxovrebaSia, e.i cxovre-
bis Sigmdebarebasa; masSi aris mTeli awmyo Tavisi dro-
ebisa da Teslic momavlisa. arc erTi geniosi Cven
axals aras gvetyvis, is mxolod gvixsnis mas, rac Tavis
daudgromel duRilSia mougdia zedapirzeda, — amito-
mac xandisxan amas ufro iqneba daetyos Tavisi droebis
niSani yvelafrisa: cudisa Tu kargisa, vidre mas, vinc
daibadeba xolme marto imisaTvis, rom uxeirod mok-
vdes~(10-1). nebismieri Sinaarsis mqone axali ambavi sa-
interesoa manam, sanam axalia da mis Sesaxeb bevrma co-
ta an saerTod araferi icis. amitomac didi mniSvnelo-
ba aqvs axali ambis damuSavebisa da operatiulad-dro-
ulad miwodebis xelovnebas. Tuki informacia dagvia-
nebiT miiRo sazogadoebam da mis Sesaxeb ukve yvelam
yvelaferi gaigo, azri aRara aqvs Jurnalistur mcde-
lobas — miitano igi farTo auditoriamde. sazogadoe-
ba TiToeuli konkretuli adamianisagan Sedgeba da am-
denad sityva `sazogadoebaSi~ mravalnairi interesi,
miswrafeba, idea, azri Sexeduleba devs. sazogadoebas
ara mxolod ubralod axali ambavi, aramed mxolod mis-
Tvis saintereso informacia ainteresebs, is rac yvela-
ze met emocias, gancdas, grZnobas aRZravs da gamoiw-
vevs, yvelaze metad upasuxebs pirovnebis fsiqologi-
ur Tu filosofiur gemovnebas, romelic sakuTar az-
rebs, ideebs, Sexedulebebs, miswrafebebs exameba. yve-
las ainteresebs axali ambavi, magram yvelas yvelaferi
rodi izidavs. es sakmaod rTuli, winaaRmdegobrivi, xi-

137
faTiani da sarisko arCevania. aseT SemTxvevaSi ismis
kiTxva: `rogori adamiani sWirdeba axal dros? vin unda
aRzardos sazogadoebam? droa Seignon, rom patiosne-
ba, gulwrfeloba, gataceba, erTguleba, magram ara oq-
rosadmi, aramed kacobriobis maRali idealebisad-
mi...~(11-1). ramdenad icnob auditorias, visTvisac axal
ambavs amzadeb? ramdenad aris amisaTvis mzad Jurna-
listi weros sainteresod, originalurad da marti-
vad? ubralo eniT gaSuqebuli axali ambebi ainteresebs
dRes masobriv auditorias, vidre teqstebi, romlis ga-
sagebad leqsikonis moSveliebaa saWiro. samwuxarod
bevrma cnobilma da gavlenianma media arxma axali ambe-
bis mopoveba-miwodebis procesSi sazogadoebas SesTa-
vazes aseTi formula: `axali ambebi keTdeba aq!~ aseTi
midgoma da damokidebuleba araTu aferxebs, akninebs
mediis xarisxs da lazaTs, rac mTavaria obieqturobisa
da samarTlianobis gancdas ukargavs sazogadoebas,
ara mxolod axali ambebisadmi, zogadad mediisadmi. aq
Tavs iCens eWvi, romelic, erTi mxvriv, simarTles, obi-
eqturobas, miukerZoeblobas, balanss da meore mxvriv,
gazviadebas, zedapirulobas, moCvenebiTobas erTma-
neTSi aurevs. sabolood, es yvelaferi, isev mediis
rolze aisaxeba, mis avtoritetze axdens gavlenas, rac
sazogadoebis mxridan mediisadmi imedgacruebaSi ga-
moixateba. SeuZlebelia axali ambis `gakeTeba~, `gamo-
Carxva~, gamogoneba. es xom raime teqnikuri detali an
rkinis konstruqcia ar aris? informacia xom Cveni rea-
luri cxovrebaa, cocxali sinamdvilea. is iseve sun-
Tqavs da ganicdis, rogorc Cveni yoveldRiuri yofa,
cxovreba, urTierTobani. yovel axal informaciaSi
axali suli devs da rogor SeiZleba misi xelovnurad
Seqmna? Jurnalistma Zalian kargad uwyis informaciis
adekvaturobisa da Sesabamisobis xarisxis Sesaxeb. ra-

138
sac asaxavs, Tu yvelaferi realur cxovrebaSi, faqtSi,
sinamdvileSi, missave wiaRSi-SinaarsSi ar devs, yoveli-
ve moCvenebiTia da amao. realobis damaxinjeba ki, bune-
bis winaaRmdeg wasvlis, sazogadoebrivi azrovnebis
degradirebis, ukusvlis tolfasia. adamiani, yoveli
konkretuli pirovneba informaciiT marTvadi arsebaa.
amitomac mas aqvs ufleba icodes simarTle, xeli miuw-
vdebodes misTvis saintereso informaciaze da arafe-
ri iyos damaluli, garda saxelmwifoebrivi interese-
bidan gamomdinare konfidencialuri, anu iseTi infor-
maciisa, romelic SesaZloa zians ayenebdes erovnul-
saxelmwifoebriv interesebs. Segnebulad, xelovnurad
Seqmnili `informaciuli vakuumi~ arc erT SemTxvevaSi
momgebiani ar aris arc erTi sazogadoebrivi wesrigi-
saTvis. Jurnalisti sazogadoebas unda awvdides kar-
gad gagebul, dazustebul, Seswavlil da maRalprofe-
sionalur doneze damuSavebul axal ambavs — mokled an
vrclad, rogorc amas Tavad gadawyvets xolme. ufro
zustad ki, amas Tavad momxdari movlena Tu faqti
ukarnaxebs. kargi Jurnalisti am yvelafers martivad
xedavs da Zalze ubralod grZnobs kidec. visac ukeT
danaxvis niWi da unari gaaCnia, visac ar aSinebs daRla
axali informaciis Ziebis gzaze, warmatebebsac is aR-
wevs. arsebuli realobisa da situaciis Sesabamisia yo-
veli axali informacia. Tuki Jurnalisturi teqsti
araadekvaturia, ufleba ara aqvs Jurnalists misi mi-
tanisa masobriv auditoriamde. rac Seexeba weris
stilsa da enas, mis publicisturobas, anu Jurnalis-
tis unarsa da SesaZleblobas teqstis Sesabamisobisa
sinamdvilesTan, am yvelafersac Tavad teqsti karna-
xobs avtors. oRondac mniSvnelovani da gadamwyveti
maRali profesionalizmia: sinamdvilis danaxvis, Sec-
nobis, gaanalizebis, wvdomis, intuiciisa da inteleq-

139
tis unari. `teqstis stili ganisazRvreba konkretuli
situaciis, adresatis asakis, misi ganaTlebis, codnis
donis, socialuri statusis, interesTa sferos gaTva-
liswinebiT~ (12-1). am TvisebaTa erTad Tavmoyris gare-
Se rTulia auditoriasTan kontaqti. am Tvisebebisgan
`gareT myof~ JurnalistTa problemaa dReisaTvis eg-
reT wodebuli JanrTa aRrevis sakiTxic. JanrTa aRreva
ki amavdroulad saTqmelis aRrevasac gulisxmobs anu
roca saubrob erT konkretul Temaze, sakiTxze, prob-
lematikaze, ver hguob mas da giCndeba survili sxva Te-
maze gadasvlisa, sabolood ki pasuxgaucemeli rCeba
mTavari: riTac daiwye. amiT seriozuli problemebi eq-
mneba ara mxolod informacias, romelsac Tavisi buneb-
rivi lazaTi, Sno, ieri ekargeba, aramed profesionalu-
ri niSniTac iqmneba seriozuli safrTxe da saSiSroeba,
rac pirvel rigSi movlenebisa da faqtebis gaSuqebis
obieqturobasa da sandoobaSi gamoixateba. rogoria
axali ambis weris xelovneba? stili? ena? gancda? emo-
cia? rogor unda SevZloT da movaxerxoT ise, rom Cven-
ma werilobiTma Tu zepirma teqstebma yvelas yuradRe-
ba miipyros? yvelas interesi gamoiwvios? axali ambis
wera, rogorc mokled, aseve vrclad, sakmaod rTulia
da problematuri. miRebulia, rom axalma ambavma pasu-
xi unda gasces eqvs kargad cnobil kiTxvas, saTqmeli
movyveT Zalian lakonurad da amomwuravad, vicodeT
misi struqtura, raTa ganvaxorcieloT Teoriuli
codna praqtikaSi. amisaTvis damwyebma Jurnalistebma
xSirad unda avarjiSon kalami, gaiziaron sxvaTa gamoc-
dileba, iwvnion erTgvari daRla da igrZnon da daina-
xon kidec, rom ara Tu martivia martivad wera, aramed
Zalian Zneli da rTuli, romelic gonebis maqsimaluri
daZabvisa da codnis mopovebis xarjze miiRweva mxo-
lod. amasTan unda vivarjiSoT rac SeiZleba meti ara

140
mxolod weraSi, aramed dakvirvebisa da analizis una-
ris gamomuSavebaSi, saTqmelis gonivrul, mizanmimar-
Tul, Tanamimdevrul da logikur warmoCenaSi. praqti-
kis gareSe warmoudgenelia daveufloT axali ambis we-
ris struqturas, romelsac „amoyiravebul piramidas~
(inverted pyramid) uwodeben, sadac jer yvelaze mniSvne-
lovani saTqmeliT iwyeba-iwereba, Semdeg naklebad
mniSvnelovaniT da ase gagrZeldeba, sanam saTqmeli ar
amoiwureba. `eqvsi dablius~ (xuTi dabliu da eiCi)
principi gulisxmobs yvela eqvsive kiTxvaze: vin? ra?
sad? rodis? ratom? rogor? (Who? Where? What? Why?
When? How?) pasuxis gacemas. magram ar aris gamoricxu-
li, niusi eqsive kiTxvas pasuxs ar scemdes, magram kon-
kretul faqtsa Tu movlenaze im momentisaTvis sazoga-
doebas `amomwurav~, savsebiT saWiro da aucilebel in-
formacias awvdides. niusi anu Cveulebriv mokle an
vrceli informacia, realobisa da sinamdvilis Sesaba-
misi da adekvaturia. misi ena msubuqi, konkretuli faq-
tis, movlenis, situaciis, erTi sityviT asaRweri sag-
nis bunebriv xasiaTs morgebuli, martivi da gasagebia.
faqti Tavad subrobs, gadmoscems, laparakobs. is gamo-
iricxavs yovelgvar Zaldatanebas, `yuriT moTreul~
sityvebs, piriqiT, sityvas winadadebaSi adgilis povna
da damkvidreba ki ar unda uWirdes, aramed sityva sit-
yvas unda eZaxdes, eZalebodes, emegobrebodes, Tavis-
ken iwevdes da eqaCebodes, oRondac esa Tu is faqti re-
gorme martivad da sainteresod, ubralod da Sinaarsi-
anad warmomaCenineo. xolo ama Tu im saxis informacia
mediamomxmarebelma sarwmunod Jurnalistis an arxis
gamo ki ar unda miiCnios, aramed upirvelesad intere-
siT codnisa da simarTlis gagebis, obieqturobisa da
miukerZoeblobis, msoflioSi da qveyanaSi mimdinare

141
movlenebis Secnobis da masze aqtiuri yurisgdebisa da
reagirebis survilis gamo. an Tundac imis gamo, rom
dros ar CamorCes, masTan mudmivad kontaqtSi iyos.
drosTan kontaqti ki niSnavs mis aqtiurobas sazogado-
ebriv cxovrebaSi meti CarTulobis, meti komunikabe-
lurobis mizniT. pirovneba, romelic zedmetad ar
grZnobs Tavs sazogadoebaSi, icis sakuTari adgili,
grZnobs mis saWiroebasa da ara zedmetobas, uxaria,
karg ganwyobazea da iseve rogorc winadadebaSi sityva
sityvas emegobreba da eZaxis, realur cxovrebaSic ada-
mianebi erTmaneTs siTbos, siyvaruls, imeds Cuqnian da
xvalindeli dRis rwmeniT ganawyoben erTmaneTs, rom
kidev ufro metad sainteresod da mniSvnelovnad war-
moidginos konkretulma pirovnebam sakuTari Tavi, ro-
li da adgili am samyaroSi. saintereso informaciiT
datvirTuli adamianebi me magoneben aTasferadi yvavi-
lebiT mofardagebul Tvaluwvdenel gaSlil mindorSi
mzrunvelad mofusfuse futkrebis gunds, romlebic
tkbili neqtariT daxunZlulebi cdiloben rac SeiZle-
ba swrafad mifrindnen sakuTar skebSi-saxlebSi, swra-
fad gaiTavisuflon `mZime~ tvirTisgan-neqtrisagan sa-
kuTari sxeuli, rom kvlav axali energiiT Seution
axal vel-mindvrebs axali neqtris mopovebis mZafri
surviliT. futkrebi dafrinaven da Tan bzuian. ase
warmomidgenia Jurnalisturi samyaro-Jurnalistebi
dafrinaven da sulieri sazrdo SeaqvT TiToeul sax-
lSi, ojaxSi, TiToeul adamianSi, pirovnebaSi, ganur-
Cevlad asakisa, sqesisa, rasisa, rwmenisa... Tavisufal
garemoSi mopovebuli informacia Zalian Zvirad fa-
sobs, iseve rogorc naturaluri Tafli bazarze. mag-
ram ise daixvewa dRes madiateqnologiebi, rogorc nam-
dvili, naturaluri Taflis garCeva Wirs xelovnuri,
`gakeTebuli~ Taflisagan, aseve rTulia obieqturi da

142
miukerZoebeli informaciis gamijvna gamogonili da
aSkarad tyuilze agebuli informaciisagan. rogor mo-
viqceT? ra xerxsa da saSualebas mivmarToT, rom ar
movtyuvdeT? or umTavres princips: simarTlesa da ga-
damowmebas mxolod. es ori mcneba dagvexmareba gavmij-
noT erTmaneTisagan moCvenebiToba da simarTle, miker-
Zoeba da balansi, xelovnuroba da bunebrioba. madloba
RmerTs, yvela saSualebaa dRes, erTi romelime arxis
mier mowodebuli informacia sxva arxze gadavamowmoT
da Zalian martivad davinaxoT, sad aris `ZaRlis Tavi
damarxuli~, vin aferadebs, vin amuqebs, vin Zabavs da vin
laparakobs simarTles da vin kidev tyuis... amitomac
axali ambis ena ar unda iyos mZime, uxeSi, mouqneli,
tlanqi, verc veranairad momgebiani ver iqneba egreT
wodebuli `datenili frazebi~, romelic TiTqosda axa-
li ambis werisas gamoiyeneba. ras niSnavs `datenili
fraza~? pasuxi martivia: zedmet emocias, stressa, da
gancdas. visken mivmarTavT am `datenil frazas? rogor
aisaxeba es yovelive konkretul pirovnebaze? ra
gvsurs Cven aseTi axali ambiT: informireba-Setyobine-
ba (mniSvneloba ara aqvs pozitiur an negatiur infor-
macias am SemTxvevaSi) Tu gadaWarbebuli emocia, gan-
cda, romelic SesaZloa gadaizardos stresSi, simZime-
sa da tkivilSi? an gaucnobiereblad, gauazreblad
Zalze martivad nebismieri ambis gadaumowmeblad miRe-
ba-dajerebaSi, rodesac modunebulia unari yovelgva-
ri kritikuli gaazreba-analizisa. Tu Cven am unars wa-
varTmevT sazogadoebis konkretul wevrebs, Sesabami-
sad masobrivi auditoriis `cnobismoyvareobisa da
fantaziis sivrcesa Tu arealSi~ eqceva mxolod aseT-
nairad `interpretirebuli~ informacia. Sesabamisad,
igive auditoriis mxridan teqstisadmi adekvaturobis
xarisxi mcirdeba da igi mxolod gamtarunariani xdeba.

143
sxvaTa Soris, informaciaze reagirebis erT-erTi gan-
mapirobebeli faqtori ara mxolod pirovnebis, indivi-
dis ideur-msoflmxedvelobrivi mrwamsi, pozicia an
damokidebulebaa, aramed Tavad is garemo, ra pirobeb-
Sic uwevs cxovreba mas. amdenad, pirvel rigSi unda ga-
irkves swored ra amoZravebs mediasaSualebas: mogeba
Tu sazogadoebrivi interesi. am ori problematikis ga-
mijvnis Semdeg naTeli gaxdeba ra mimarTulebiT moZ-
raoben axali ambebi da Sesabamisad rogoria maTi arCe-
vanic. ratom pasuxobs niusi eqvsive cnobil kiTxvas?
ratom iWreba analizuri Jurnalistikis arsSi, rode-
sac is swored msgavsi teqstebisadmi damaxasiaTebel
metad mniSvnelovan kiTxvebs: `ratom? rogor?~ scems
pasuxs? axali ambis asparezi xom erTgvarad mokrZale-
buli, lokaluri da `upretenzioa~? is xom mokled da
martivad esaubreba, uyveba da gadmoscems? aba ra esaq-
meba iseT pretenziul, tevad, wonian analitikur anu
gaanalizebul da Rrmad, dawvrilebiT gamokvleul Jan-
rTan? vaRiaroT, rom ambis mokled da lakonurad gad-
mocema umniSvnelovanesi Tvisebaa ara mxolod axali
ambis Jurnalistikis arsisa. `ratom?~ da `rogor?~ — ai,
am ori kiTxvis pasuxSi devs mTel analizur teqstTa
filosofia. martiv kiTxvas martivad gacemuli pasuxi
sWirdeba, Sesabamisad, rTul kiTxvas — rTuli. Tumca
aris gamonaklisi, rodesac es yvelaferi piriqiT xdeba,
an ubralod, es yvelaferi damokidebulia rogorc
kiTxvis Sinaarsze, aseve manZilze, anu gacemul pasux-
ze. `rogori SekiTxvacaa, iseTivea pasuxi~ — es filoso-
fiuri gamonaTqvami am SemTxvevaSic sainteresoa. ro-
gor pasuxs scems mopasuxe? rogor mijnavs saTqmels?
sad wydeba axali ambiT dainteresebul kiTxvebze pasu-
xis zRvari? da rodis, ra SemTxvevaSi ugrZeldeba mas
e.w. `viza~? rodesac saqme gvaqvs situaciis, faqtis,

144
movlenis, procesis zedapirul gagebasTan an ubralod
interesTan? Tu saTqmelis vrclad gadmocemis auci-
leblobasTan, rodesac mxolod saTqmeli ar hyofnis,
ver itevs, ver gadmoscems, anu ufro metia saWiro, vid-
re sityvebi. es ki werisa da saubris dros danaxvis xe-
lovnebis, Cveneba-gadacemis unaricaa. rodesac saub-
roben da gixataven, gaCveneben da garwmuneben, gadmos-
cemen da giyvebian, rodesac am yvelafers erTbaSad
kiTxulob an ismen, da am dros xedav, grZnob da ganic-
di... am SemTxvevaSi kiTxvebze `ratom? an rogor?~ pasu-
xic unda iyos Sesabamisi: mokle an vrceli, ufro zus-
tad mocemuli situaciis Sesabamisi, sicxadeSi sinaT-
lis sxivis Semtani, erTgvarad damakmayofilebeli.
magaliTisaTvis Tvali gavadevnoT beWdur media-
Si gamoqveynebuli Cveulebrivi axali ambebis nakads,
romlebic gazeT `kviris palitris~ saSualebiT miiRo
mkiTxvelma sxvadasxva dros. sainteresoa magaliTebi,
romlebic iZlevian `cnobas~ mimdinare movlenebTan
dakavSirebiT. cnobebi exeba puliceris premiis laure-
atebs, adamianis uflebaTa dacvis sakiTxebs, udanaSau-
lobis prezumfciis darRvevas, genderuli sakiTxebis
faqizad da dabalansebulad gaSuqebas, arasamTavrobo
organizaciis IREX-is mier gamoqveynebul axal anga-
riSs, Jurnalisturi profesionalizmis sakiTxebs da
sxva mniSvnelovan problematikas, romelic damaxasia-
Tebelia rogorc Tanamedrove qarTuli, aseve msof-
lio sinamdvilisaTvis. aq saqme gvaqvs konkretul axal
ambebTan, Cveulebriv informaciasTan. TiToeuli maT-
gani damajerebel da saintereso informacias awvdis
sakiTxebiT dainteresebul adamianebs. Tu ki vinmes da-
ainteresebs konkretuli informaciis `iqiT wavides~
da gaigos meti, maSin, ra Tqma unda, man unda izrunos
kidec amis Taobaze meti informaciis mopovebisaTvis

145
da interesi daikmayofilos. amis uebari saSualeba da
`wamali~ ki sxva Janria, anu gamosaxvis sxva forma da sa-
Sualeba, rodesac dawvrilebiT gaigebs da gaecema pa-
suxebi uamrav misTvis saintereso kiTxvebs.
***
`puliceris premiis laureatebi yovel wels ap-
rilSi cxaddebian. premia gaicema kategoriebSi Jurna-
listikis, xelovnebisa da mwerlobis ganxriT. Jurna-
listikis jildo mxolod aSS-Si mdebare gazeTebsa da
yoveldRiuri axali ambebis organizaciebSi dabeWdil
an gamocemul reportaJebsa da fotoebs mieniWeba~.
ra kiTxvebi SeiZleba gauCndes mkiTxvels, romel-
sac ainteresebs aRniSnuli axali ambavi? kiTxvebi Se-
saZloa iyos mravalnairi da mravalmxrivi. mag. vin aris
puliceri? ramdenia Tanxobrivad premia? ratom mxo-
lod am kategoriebSi? ratom mxolod aSS-Si? da kidev
sxva, romelzedac amomwuravi pasuxebi sxvagan, ufro
vrclad gadmocemul informaciebSi unda miiRon.
msgavsi problematikiTa Tu sakiTxebiT daintereseba
niSania ra Tqma unda sazogadoebis interesebisa kon-
kretul sakiTxebSi Rrmad da safuZvlianad gacnobis
mizniT da es yovelive, Tavis mxvriv, niSania igive sazo-
gadoebaSi arsebuli sxvadasxvanairi gemovnebisa Tu es-
Tetikuri mrwamsisa, rac Cveulebrivi movlenaa da ki-
dev erTxel adasturebs JurnalistikaSi Janrobrivi
problematikis arsSi siRrmiseuli wvdomis aucileb-
lobas.

gaz. `kviris palitra~, ,27-09-2010

daRestanSi teraqti moxda

146
 maxaWyalaSi momxdari teraqtis Sedegad 30 adamia-
ni daiWra, romelTa
Soris 17 milicieli
da 13 samoqalaqo pi-
ria.
afeTqeba maSin mox-
da, rodesac daRes-
tnis Sss-sa da ruse-
Tis federaluri Za-
lebi adgilobrivi
partizanebis winaaRmdeg specoperacias atarebdnen.
TviTmkvleli teroristi samarTaldamcavTa kordons
miuaxlovda. savaraudod, mas specoperaciis adgilze
SeRweva surda, Tumca, milicielebma terorists gza ga-
dauRobes da manac asafeTqebeli mowyobiloba moqme-
debaSi moiyvana.
gaz. `kviris palitra~, 27-09-2010 si-en-enis prezi-
denti samsaxuridan daiTxoves
telekompaniis dabali reitingis gamo, CNN-is pre-
zidenti jonaTan klaini samsaxuridan daiTxoves. ga-
dawyvetileba mediakorporacia Time Warner-ma miiRo.
korporaciaSi miiCneven, rom bolo ramdenime Tvis gan-
mavlobaSi msoflios erT-erTi yvelaze cnobili tele-
kompaniis reitingi rekordulad dabal maCveneblamde
daeca. klainis yvela mcdeloba, viTareba Seecvala, wa-
rumateblad dasrulda. jonaTan klains mediakorpora-
cia Time Warner-is kidev erTi Svilobili telekomapa-
niis HLN-is xelmZRvaneli ken jonci Secvlis.

147
 azerbaijanSi ga-
Cenilma xanZarma baqo-
Tbilisi-jeihanis mil-
sadeni lamis wyobidan
gamoiyvana. gaz. `kvi-
ris palitra~, 27-09-
2010 navTobsadeni la-
mis xanZarma imsxver-
pla.
azerbaijanSi ga-
Cenilma xanZarma baqo-
Tbilisi-jeihanis milsadeni lamis wyobidan gamoiyvana.
xanZari azerbaijanis Samqiris raionSi, sofel giliCbe-
ilTan gaCnda. cecxlma 3 heqtari farTobi gadawva, Sem-
deg ki milsadens saxifaTo manZilze miuaxlovda. azer-
baijanelma mexanZreebma ramdenime saaTSi cecxlis lo-
kalizeba SeZles.
arasamTavroboebi saarCevno kanonmdeblobis Sesa-
xeb 3 oqtomberi, gaz. `kviris palitra~, 2011
saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociaciam,
samarTliani arCevnebisa da demokratiis saerTaSoriso
sazogadoebam da saerTaSoriso gamWvirvaloba — saqar-
Tvelom parlamentSi inicirebuli kanonproeqtis Sesa-
xeb SeniSvnebi warmoadgines. samive organizacia Tan-
xmdeba poziciaze, rom aRniSnuli cvlilebebi araTu
aumjobesebs saarCevno kanomdeblobas, aramed garkve-
ulwilad auaresebs mas.
rTveli 2011 malxaz Wkadua , gaz. `kviris palit-
ra~, 28 seqtemberi, 2011 
kaxeTSi rTvelis pirveli etapi dasrulebulia.
mevenaxeebma Rvinis qarxnebSi saferavis jiSis yurZnis

148
Cabareba TiTqmis daasrules. „rTveli 2011~-is sakoor-
dinacio Stabis xelmZRvanelis, tariel gabunias
TqmiT, am droisTvis qarxnebSi 20 000 tona saferavi da
1 500 tona rqawiTelia gadamuSavebuli. sul ki region-
Si wels mosavlis rekordul raodenobas — 150 aTas
tona yurZens elodebian

gamoyenebuli literatura:

1. b. kovaCi, t. rozenstili, Jurnalistikis elementebi,

Tb.2006, gv.197
2. e.heivudi-politikuri ideologiebi-Tb.,2004, gv.3
3. melvin menCeri, axali ambebis gaSuqeba da wera, me-12 gamo-
cema, Tbilisi, 2013,gv.3, gv.246
4. g.lobJaniZe, narkvevebi qarTul sazogadoebriv-politi-
kur moZRvrebaTa istoriidan,1998, gv.277
5. Mitchell Stephens F O U R T H E D I T I O N BROADCAST NEWS,
THOMSON, WADSWORTH-2005 gv.377
6. r.surgulaZe, v.iberi, masobrivi komunikacia, Tb.2003.
gv.117
7. T.jagodniSvili, i.jagodniSvili, verbaluri komunika-
ciebi, Tb.2009, gv.51
8. kultura, filosofia, Rirebulebebi, 2009, gv.17
9. Jurnalistika,ideis avtorebi m.vekua, J.rue, Tb.2013,
gv.233
10. i.WavWavaZe, rCeuli nawerebi, t.8, 1985, gv.387
11. n.nikolaZe, rCeuli nawerebi, 1945, t.4, gv.536
12. n. cecxlaZe, m. xaxutaiSvili, stilistika,Tb.2013, gv.35
13. gaz. `kviris palitra~, ,27-09-2010
14. gaz. `kviris palitra~, 03-10-2011
15. gaz. `kviris palitra~, 28-09 2011

149
 VII

interviu

interviu Jurnalisturi saqmianobis erT-erTi yve-

laze gamorCeuli, mniSvnelovani, Seucvleli, dinamiu-
ri, qmediTi da aqtualuri gamosaxvis saSualebaa. xSi-
rad swored, zustad interviu iZleva moagrovo saWiro
informacia konkretul faqtebze, saintereso movle-
nebze, procesebze da miiRo amomwuravi pasuxic. inter-
viu iZleva SesaZleblobas daakavSiros Jurnalisti in-
formaciis wyaros, uSualo monawiles an TviTmxilvels
konkretuli faqtisa, movlenisa, procesisa, aqvs saSua-
leba uSualod pirvelwyarodan gaigos sazogadoebis an
misi konkretuli wevris gamocdilebasa Tu Sexedule-
bebze. `intervius amocanaa faqtis, movlenis, procesis
gacnoba pirvelwyaros meoxebiT~(1-1). Tumca intervius
avtori xSirad ar aris momxdari faqtis, movlenis, pro-
cesis, SemTxvevis uSualo mowme. am yvelafris Sesaxeb
mas SeuZlia TviTmxilvelebTan, saqmeSi Caxedul adamia-
nebTan Sexvedra, gasaubreba, dialogi, gamokiTxva; maT-
Tan, vinc uSualo monawile an TviTmxilveli iyo faqti-
sa, siaxlisa, an ubralod, kompetenturi piria da kargad
esmis da icis Tu ra moxda da rogor moxda ama Tu im kon-
kretuli faqtisa Tu sakiTxis irgvliv. interviuers
kargad esmis, rom mcodne, kompetenturi da saqmeSi Caxe-
duli pirovnebis naazrevi sazogadoebisaTvis yovel-
Tvis sainteresoa, mis azrs angariSs uweven, pativs sce-
men, afaseben. amitomac maT mier warmodgenili realoba,
maTi TvaliT danaxuli, aRqmuli Tu gancdili, sainte-
resoa yvelasaTvis. xandaxan esa Tu is movlena SeiZleba
xdebodes iq, sadac Jurnalists uWirs moxvedra: mag.
wyalqveSa navze, kosmosur xomaldze an Tundac sik-

150
vdilmisjilTa sakanSi. am SemTxvevaSi Jurnalisti saWi-
ro informacias Rebulobs swored mxilvelTa Tu mona-
wileTa gamokiTxviT. interviu, romelic Tavisi bunebiT
informaciul JanrTa SemadgenlobaSia, Zalze saintere-
sod da dawvrilebiT arkvevs movlenebisa da faqtebis
msvlelobas, exmareba sazogadoebas gaerkves arsebul,
mimdinare an mosalodnel situaciaSi. im SemTxvevaSic
ki, rodesac Jurnalistis amocanas warmoadgens ubralo
Canaweris Sedgena. aseT SemTxvevaSic mas ueWvelad mou-
wevs faqtebis dazustebisaTvis mimarTos im adamians,
romelsac informacia gaaCnia aRniSnul sakiTxze. es Se-
iZleba iyos rigiTi maswavlebeli, Tundac mwvrTneli, an
ubralod skolis direqtori, an ubralod dawesebule-
bis damlagebeli, gamyidveli da sxva. interviu aris er-
Tgvari dialogis forma, romelSic swored Jurnalisti
iCens iniciativas SekiTxvebis dasmiT. intervius meTo-
dis gamoyenebis Sedegi xSirad aris teqsti, romelsac
miakuTvneben intervius Janrs. Tumca informacia, miRe-
buli intervius meTodiT, SeiZleba gvxvdebodes sxva
JanrebSic — Canaweris, statiis, narkvevis da sxva saxiT,
magram asaxvis am formebSi intervius Janri pasuxobs mo-
cemul konkretul kiTxvebs Tu Temas da respondentic
da Jurnalistic sxva mimarTulebiT saubrisagan Tavs
ikaveben.
,,rogoric SekiTxvaa, iseTivea pasuxi” — am gulub-
ryvilo mtkicebulebaSi Rrma azri imaleba. unda gvax-
sovdes, rom aseT SemTxvevaSi JurnalistisaTvis yvela-
ze mTavaria winaswar iyos gaazrebuli yvela SesaZlo
kiTxva, romelsac respondents dausvamT. xSirad Tana-
mosaubre, gansakuTrebiT maSin, Tuki is oficialuri pi-
ria, droSi SezRudulia, anu icis drois fasi. `dro fu-
lia~ — gvesmis aseTi gamoTqma. amitomac Jurnalistis
mier mofiqrebuli kiTxvebi lakonuri, martivi, konkre-

151
tuli, uSualo, saqmeze orientirebuli unda iyos da, ra
Tqma unda, Temas Seexebodes. Zalze mniSvnelovania Jur-
nalistis unari saWiro, saqmiani mimarTulebiT warmar-
Tos saubari, yuradReba yvelaze mniSvnelovansa da sain-
teresoze gaamaxvilos. savsebiT SesaZlebelia, rom xSi-
rad damwyebma Jurnalistebma, romelTac ara aqvT sakma-
risi gamocdileba, yvelaferi ar icodnen im konkretu-
li piris an misi saqmianobis Sesaxeb, romelzedac masa-
lis momzadebas apireben. aseT dros aSkaraa Sinagani
Relva, SfoTva, gaubedaoba, gulis aCqarebuli ritmi
mosalodneli Sexvedris SiSiT. arada redaqtors, xSi-
rad swored axalbeda Jurnalistis mier momzadebuli
masalis xilva surs. aseT SemTxvevaSi, Tu intervius Te-
ma rTuli aRmoCnda (magaliTisaTvis, Tqven dagavales
intervius aReba romelime prestiJuli gazeTisaTvis an
jandacvis sferos an axalgazrda msaxiobTa wris xel-
mZRvanelisagan, Tqven ki arc erT maTgans ar Tanaug-
rZnobT). da mis Sesaxeb marTlac Zalian cota an sruli-
ad araferi iciT, unda moemzadoT intervius aRebis win
da Zalian mokle droSi SeecadeT, rac SeiZleba meti wai-
kiTxoT Tqven Tanamosaubris Sesaxeb, meti gaigoT im sa-
ganze, romelzedac unda Sedges dialogi Tqvensa da
respondents Soris. aseT dros gamoyenebuli unda iyos
yvela saSualeba: biblioTeka, interneti, arqivi, dama-
tebiTi informaciisaTvis nacnobi specialistebis azri.
gacilebiT saintereso da mniSvnelovani iqneba, Tuki mo-
axerxebT da SeZlebT raime mniSvnelovani, saintereso
detalis gagebas Tqvens Tanamosaubreze, mis profesiul
unar-Cvevebze, miRwevebze, gegmebze an Tundac samomav-
lo saqmianobaze. erTi gamorCeuli da ubralo detalic
ki aseT dros mniSvnelovani efeqtis momcemia. es infor-
macia Tqven mogcemT saSualebas raime formiT CarToT
is mosalodneli SekiTxvebis rigSi. mag. `me vici rom

152
Tqvens mier droulma da sworma reagirebam mosalod-
nel gripze Sedegi gamoiRo. gaqvT Tu ara imedi, rom
mTlianad davamarcxebT mas?~ ar unda dagvaviwydes, rom
saubris procesSi Jurnalistis mxridan saqmeSi Caxedu-
leba da erudireba zemoqmedebs Tanamosaubreze, ro-
melsac aucileblad daafasebs da met dros dagiTmobT
kidec. (ar aris gamoricxuli, SemogTavazoT Cai an yava,
razedac uars ar eubnebiT). vecadoT ar SevawyvetinoT
laparaki Tanamosaubres, Tundac gveCvenos rom man ga-
dauxvia Temas. yuradRebiT mosmena aranakleb mniSvne-
lovania, vidre kiTxvebis dasmis unari. magram amasTan,
ar unda dagvaviwydes, rom Cven warvmarTavT saubars da
Cvensave interesSia mTeli rigi saWiro informaciis mi-
Reba. interviu TanamosaubresTan fsiqologiuri kon-
taqtis damyarebiT unda daviwyoT. zrdilobiani war-
dgeniT sakuTari Tavisa da Rimiliani gamometyvelebiT
unda avuxsnaT intervius Tema da Sexvedris mizezi. man
am dros unda dainaxos, rom sasaubro Tema, CvenTvis pi-
radad, Zalze sainteresoa da mniSvnelovanic. Tu res-
pondents dro gaaCnia, (intervius dawyebis win unda da-
vazustoT, ramdeni dro gvaqvs), SegviZlia mokled mov-
yveT Cvens wina gamocdilebaze, amasTan davukavSiroT is
momavali saubris Temas. gamovxatoT sakuTari aRtaceba
im proeqtiT, romliTac dakavebulia Cveni Tanamosaub-
re. mivceT mas sababi TavisTavze saubrisa, winaswar Cven-
dami keTilad ganwyobisa. `wyaroebi iseT interviuerebs
upasuxeben, romlebic kompetenturad da sandod miaCni-
aT. Jurnalisti kiTxvebs svams ukve mofiqrebuli Temis
mixedviT, Tumca, Tu ufro mniSvnelovani Tema wamoiWra,
Jurnalisti unda gadaerTos~(2-1). yvelaferi es viTare-
bas ganmuxtavs, rac SesaZleblobas mogvcems wynarad,
mSvidad, yovelgvari zedmeti Relvisa Tu emociis gare-
Se gadavideT oficialur saubarze. vuyuroT Tanamosa-

153
ubres TvalebSi. gvaxsovdes, rom urTierToba yovel-
Tvis warmoebs or — verbalur da araverbalur doneze.
Tu Tanamosaubre (ver dainaxavs, rom misi gvesmis), Cvens
gamoxedvaSi, JestebSi (yvelaze gavrcelebuli Jesti
aris Tavis daqneva, Rimiliani damowmeba, reaqciis Sesa-
bamisi emocia), ar igrZnobs Tavs komfortulad, is yo-
velTvis Seecdeba Sekvecos, Seamciros Tavisi pasuxebi.
`molaparake msmenels marto informacias ar gadascems.
am informaciasTan miaxloebis, Sexebisa da gancdis sa-
Sualebasac qmnis~(3-1). TanamosaubresTan `saerTo enis~
gamonaxvis unars fsiqologebi uwodeben ukukavSirs.
aseT dros qreba uxerxuli pauzebi, respondenti mzadaa
TviTon dagvexmaros, magram samwuxarod, ukukavSiris
damyareba arc ise iolia, piriqiT,sakmaod rTuli da wi-
naaRmdegobrivi procesia da am dros upirvelesi mniS-
vneloba eniWeba Jurnalistis rogorc pirad Tvisebebs,
aseve maRal profesionalizms. amis Taobaze gamocdili
da profesionali Jurnalistebi yovelTvis usvamen xazs
interviueris ara mxolod maRalniWierebasa da did pi-
rad unarsa Tu SesaZleblobebs, aramed, amasTan erTad,
maTsave zrdilobian, keTilmosurne, mSvid ganwyobasa
da damokidebulebas. aseve didia Jurnalistebis mxri-
dan saubris naTeli, mkafio, gasagebi da damajerebeli
toni. `enobriv komunikaciebSi molaparakebis gznebas,
emocias — saTqmelis gadacemis maneras lamis gadamwyve-
ti mniSvneloba aqvs. ase rom, mniSvnelovania ara marto
saTqmeli, aramed Tqmis formac. es garemoeba metyvele-
bis gasaocar Taviseburebas cxadyofs~(3-2). aseve sasia-
movnoa da efeqturi sakuTari Tavis wardgena intervius
win. dasaxeleba ara mxolod gvar-saxelisa, aramed im ar-
xis saxelwodebac, romlisTvisac Tqven masalas amza-
debT. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi SeZloT mokled gadmos-
ceT im mediasaSualebaze, romelsac warmoadgenT. Tav-

154
daWerili da saqmiani ieri Tqvenis mxridan xels Seuw-
yobs Tqvens winaSe myofi mkacri an samuSaoTi Sefiqria-
nebuli adamianis Tqvendami keTilganwyobas. kiTxvebis
dasma logikuri TanamimdevrobiT unda daiwyoT. SeuZ-
lebelia saubrisas CaveWraT respondents da ar mivceT
saSualeba saTqmelis dasrulebisa. es xels ar Seuwyobs
Tqveni interesis saganze meti informaciis mopovebas.
Tu amCnevT, rom Tqvens winaSe SemoqmedebiTi SesaZleb-
lobebiT, emociiTa da eqspresiulobiT gamorCeuli ada-
miania, SeecadeT gamoxatoT meti aRtaceba, gakvirveba,
cnobismoyvareoba, interesi, raTa moaxerxo `axlos mis-
vla~ respodentTan da misi ndobis mopoveba. magram am
yvelafrisadmi erTgvari dozirebac gvmarTebs, radgan
`verbaluri komunikaciis procesSi msmenels `ar gadav-
ceT~ Cveni ganwyoba, rac SesaZloa qvecnobieris doneze
araswori gagebis mizezi gaxdes~(3-3). urTierToba didi
xelovnebaa. sxva adamianebTan `saerTo enis~ gamonaxvis
unari ganapirobebs warmatebas ara marto Jurnaliste-
bisaTvis intervius msvlelobisas, aramed cxovrebis
mraval sferoSi. ase, rom intervius xerxebis aTviseba
aravis ar SeuSlis xels. xSirad xdeba, rodesac intervi-
us yvelaze gacxovelebul momentSi Tqveni Tanamosaub-
re ucbad dgeba da ambobs, rom saubari damTavrebulia,
an komentarebi aRar iqneba. am SemTxvevaSi SesaZlebelia,
mas ar moewona Jurnalistis reaqcia gacemul pasuxebze,
an TqvenSi oponenti dainaxa, an SeiZleba is aRaSfoTa
Tqvenma gaurkvevlobam saubris SinaarsSi, an yvelaze
ubralo axsna, is daiRala, an ubralod, mas ar uyvars in-
tervius micema. aseT viTarebaSi SeuZlebelia aiZuloT
Tanamosaubre upasuxos Tqvens kiTxvebze da Tqven erTa-
derTi gamosavali gaqvT, aseT adamianebs gansakuTrebu-
li midgoma sWirdebaT. SeecadeT gamonaxoT masTan mis-
vlis fsiqologiuri momentebi: Tavi ise warmoidgineT,

155
TiTqos ver amCnevT uxerxul situacias da dabneulobas
(an aRSfoTebas). swrafad gaaanalizeT, Tqveni saubris
romel moments SeeZlo gamoewvia Tqveni Tanamosaubris
ukmayofileba da SeecadeT, SearbiloT am mimarTule-
biT saubris gagrZeleba. SesaZlebelia, rom Tqven aras-
worad gagiges. rig SemTxvevaSi Tqven sxva araferi grCe-
baT, Tu ara zrdilobianad gamoemSvidoboT da sxva Ta-
namosaubre moZebnoT. Jurnalistis profesiis mqone ne-
bismieri pirovneba Sinaganad jer Tavad unda iyos mzad
nebismieri situaciisaTvis. xandaxan Jurnalists urTi-
erToba uwevs sakmaod arasasiamovno pirebTan. magali-
Tad, adamianTan, romelic eWvmitanilia vinmes gaupati-
urebaSi, teroristTan an `mafiis~ warmomadgenelTan.
rogor unda moiqce amgvar TanamosaubresTan? upirve-
les yovlisa, zrdilobiani, TavdaWerili Jesti, gamoxa-
tuli maRali profesionalizmiT umTavresi pirobaa
aseT SemTxvevaSi warmatebuli saqmianobisaTvis. aseve
saWiroa siswrafe da operatiuloba, rac SeiZleba mok-
le droSi meti informacia miiRo. unda gaxsovdes: ra
donis damnaSavis winaSec ar unda idge, ar unda dagaviw-
ydes, rom is pirvel rigSi adamiania da Sen saqme gaqvs
masTan, rogorc adamianTan, pirovnebasTan. gasagebia,
rom aseT SemTxvevaSi Tqven aucileblad mogiwevT dama-
tebiT gadaamowmoT miRebuli informacia da guldasmiT
gafiltroT is.
Jurnalistur praqtikaSi xSiria Sexvedrebi iseT
adamianebTan, romlebic rTuli piradi xasiaTiT gamo-
irCevian. aseT adamianebTan urTierTobisas aseve xSiria
`Sexla-Semoxla~, gaugebroba, TiTqos maT ar moswonT
Jurnalistis mier misi pirovnebiT daintereseba,
`rTul~ adamianebTan Sejaxebis faqtebi gansakuTrebiT
Warbobs Sou-biznesis varskvlavebTan, cnobil politi-
kosebTan da sxvebTan, romlebic pirad keTildReobasa

156
da siamovnebas yvelafers swiraven da TqvenTan saubris
procesSi Riad usvamen xazs Tavis upativcemulo damo-
kidebulebas ara mxolod Jurnalistebis da maT Soris
Tqvens mimarT. rogor unda moiqces Jurnalisti aseT
dros? maSin rodesac respodenti pirad Seurayofazec
ki gadadis? yvela SemTxvevaSi unda gagrZeldes urTi-
erTobis Cveuli, pativcemuli manera, araviTar SemTxve-
vaSi ar unda gaRiziandes Jurnalisti. piriqiT — wynari,
awonil-dawonili saubari amnair `gmirTan~, unari imisa,
rom swrafad naxoT mosazreba mis SesaZlo Tavdasxmeb-
ze, jer erTi mogcemT saSualebas miiRoT saWiro in-
formacia, meore, romeliRac momentSi SeiZleba Seicva-
los Tqveni Tanamosaubris ganwyoba da man Tavisdaune-
burad gamoxatos pativiscema Tqvens mimarT. es xSirad
maSin xdeba, rodesac Jurnalisti axerexebs saubris im
mimarTulebiT wayvanas, romelic xazs usvams respon-
dentis pirad damsaxurebasa Tu miRwevebs. da kidev, arc
erT SemTxvevaSi ar unda dagvaviwydes: saubari migyavT
Tqven.
xandaxan Tavad Jurnalistebic `axerxeben~ intervi-
us msvlelobisas daZabuli viTarebis provocirebas.
amitom moveridoT prokuroris toniT dasmul SekiT-
xvebs. gvaxsovdes, rom Jurnalisti awarmoebs respon-
dentis gamokiTxvas da ara dakiTxvas. Jurnalisti unda
cdilobdes im mimarTulebiT aRar gaagrZelos saubari
da SekiTxvebis dasma, romel Temebzec dialogi usiamov-
noa TanamosaubrisaTvis. aseve mZime da stresuli mov-
lenebis epicentridan, teraqtebis, katastrofebisa da
tragediebis TviTmxilvelebTan saubrisas nu Sevecde-
biT SevCerdeT momxdaris detalebze, nu davawvrilma-
nebT mas, Tuki xedavT, rom es mZimea Tqveni Tanamosaub-
reebisaTvis. `Cveni metyveleba, yvela Cveni gamonaTqvami
sxvaTa sityvebiTaa aRsavse. am sxvaTa sityvebis gaTavi-

157
sebis xarisxi sxvadasxvagvaria. am sxvaTa sityvebs Tan
mohyveba sxvaTa eqspresiac, Semfasebluri tonic. am yve-
lafers Cven viTvisebT, gadavamuSavebT, vucvliT aqcen-
tuacias~(3-4). interviuze wasvlisas ar unda dagvaviw-
ydes, rom Sesabamisi teqnikuri saSualebebiT unda aRvi-
WurvoT. adgilze misulma Jurnalistma Tavi komfor-
tulad unda igrZnos da ar unda hqondes SiSi kalamis an
bloknotis, an Camweris gaumarTaobis, an videogadamRe-
bis mouwesrigeblobisa. yvela SemTxvevaSi guldasmiT
unda Semowmdes rogorc kalmis, aseve diqtofonisa Tu
videogadamRebis Camweri Tvisebebi. xSiria SemTxvevebi,
rodesac kalami an diqtofoni gaurkveveli mizezebis
gamo ar iwers intervius, an telefonis moculoba Zalze
mcirea da teqsts ver daitevs. Tqven warmoidgineT, ka-
lamic kargad unda moisinjos, ramdenad gamarTulad
wers. daTqmul droze dagvianebiT misvla da Sexvedraze
respodentis molodini, yovlad dauSvebelia. aseT Sem-
TxvevaSi umjobesia misvla aTi wuTiT adre mainc da wi-
naswar kidev erTxel gadamowmeba im SekiTxvebisa, ro-
melsac respondents davusvamT.nu mivendobiT bolomde
sakuTar mexsierebas. saukeTeso nimuSia, rodesac blok-
notSi viwerT yvela SesaZlo SekiTxvas, Tundac ubra-
lod Tanamimdevrobis dacvis mizniT. magram esec unda
vicodeT, rom SekiTxvebis TanamimdevrobaTa dacva ar
aris ubralo sakiTxi. SeuZlebelia, winaswar ganWvri-
toT yoveli detali Tu rogor warimarTeba saubari.
mogviwevs mzadyofna imisaTvis, rom saubris procesSi
damatebiTi SekiTxvebi gaCndeba da misi mizanmimarTuli
da aseve Tanamimdevruli gamoyeneba mogviwevs. erTi ram
unda vicodeT kidev, nu mogverideba SekiTxvebis dasma,
oRond sakiTxTan, saqmesTan mimarTebaSi. rac ufro met
masalas miviRebT, met informacias movipovebT, miT uf-
ro saintereso, Sinaarsiani da siRrmiseuli SeiZleba

158
aRmoCndes Cvens mier momzadebuli masala.
kargi iqneba Tu interviueri daeufleba bloknot-
Si `Cauxedavad Caweris~ xelovnebas. es im SemTxvevaSi Tu
diqtofoni an telefoni ar aRmogaCndebaT, an ubralod
isini samuSaod aRar varga. miRebulia, rom intervius
procesSi umeteswilad TvalebSi unda uyuros Jurna-
listma Tanamosaubres. movlenebis procesSi CarTulo-
ba da Tqveni respodentis monayoliT gansakuTrebuli
daintereseba, qmnis sasiamovno ganwyobas imisa, rom rac
SeiZleba gulaxdili iyos Tanamosaubre. Tu saubrisas
ver gavigonebT romelime saxelwodebas an gvars da iqne-
ba safrTxe Cveni mxridan misi damaxinjebulad gamoqvey-
nebisa, (rac did codvad SeiZleba CaiTvalos), unda da-
vazustoT iqve, dialogis procesSi. miRebulia aseve ga-
imeoros respodentma yvela aseTi rTuli saxeli an Tun-
dac Tqvens bloknotSi Caweros Tanamosaubrem yvela
rTuli abreviatura.saubris dasasruls aseve miRebu-
lia vkiTxoT, xom ar surs respondents raime daumatos
mis mier monaTxrobs, an raime egeb gamorCa da Sevsebas
saWiroebs. gamomSvidobebisas madlobis Tqma aseve auci-
lebelia interviusaTvis da iseTi ganwyobis Seqmna, meo-
red gauCndes survili TqvenTan Sexvedrisa. masalis
momzadebis bolo etapze daskvniTi kontaqtisaTvis Se-
iZleba davinteresdeT da vkiTxoT Tu sad SegviZlia mi-
viRoT damatebiTi masala mocemul Temaze. nebismieri
intervius warmateba an warumatebloba mTlianad damo-
kidebulia Jurnalistis momzadebis xarisxze, mis mier
Temis Seswavlis siRrmeze, im SekiTxvebis samarTliano-
baze, obieqturobasa da aucileblobaze, romlebsac
svams. SekiTxvebi yovelTvis unda iyos daxvewili, obieq-
turi, winaswar gaazrebuli. magram amasTan unda gvax-
sovdes, rom nebismieri pirovneba individualuri, saku-
Tari, ganumeorebeli, originaluria da xasiaTdeba Ta-

159
viseburebebiT, rac imis SesaZleblobas gviqmnis, rom sa-
Wiroebis SemTxvevaSi viyoT mzad improvizaciisaTvis da
es mxolod saubris msvlelobisas gamoikveTeba. amito-
macaa is ZiriTadi meTodologiuri rekomendaciebi ga-
ziarebuli wamyvani specialistebis mier saxelmZRvane-
loebSi profesiuli interviuerisaTvis: saubari unda
daviwyoT saerTo, ararTuli anu martivi SekiTxvebidan.
ar aris upriani ori SekiTxva erT kiTxvaSi movaqcioT da
amiT erTgvarad SevzRudoT Cveni Tanamosaubre, ar miv-
ceT saSualeba ilaparakos Tavisuflad da dasWirdes
meti fiqri pasuxis gasacemad. daxlarTuli SekiTxva Se-
sabamisad gamoiwvevs Tqveni Tanamosaubris mxridan ga-
urkvevel, aseve daxlarTul pasuxs da SesaZloa uaryo-
fiT reaqciasac Tqvendami. SekiTxvebi, romelic lako-
nuri da gasagebi unda iyos, ar saWiroebs vrcel axsnas,
Tu ras gulisxmobT an ra gaqvT mxedvelobaSi. Jurna-
listis `Caxeduleba~ im konkretul sakiTxebSi, ris ga-
sarkvevadac aris misuli respodentTan, anu Jurnalis-
tis mier sakuTari erudiciis demonstracia, rogorc
wesi, usiamovnod moqmedebs Tanamosaubreze. im SemTxve-
vaSi Tu migaCniaT, rom gsurT daweroT analitikuri xa-
siaTis interviu an interviu-portreti, unda moveri-
doT iseTi SekiTxvebis dasmas, romlebzedac mSrali pa-
suxebi `diax~ an `ara~ gveqneba. saWiro da aucilebelia
iseTi SekiTxvebis dasma, romelic saSualebas miscems
respondents vrclad upasuxos da amomwuravad gasces
pasuxi ama Tu im SekiTxvas. mag: `rogor moxda es?~ `Tqve-
ni azriT, ratom moxda es?~ da sxv. Tu xedavT, rom das-
mul kiTxvas Tanamosaubre gaurbis, agvianebs pasuxs, ver
iZleva an ar surs naTeli Seitanos masSi, SeecadeT moax-
dinoT SekiTxvis perifrazireba droulad, anu msvle-
lobis process Tavidan bolomde gulisyuriT unda ve-
kidebodeT. es imitomac, rom bevri damwyebi Jurnalis-

160
ti, romelsac winaswar gamzadebuli mTeli dasta kiT-
xvebisa gaaCnia, erTi suli aqvs, rodis dausvas respon-
dents rigiT meore kiTxva da amdenad morigi kiTxvis
dasmis molodinSi, yuradRebas veRar iCens respodenti-
sadmi da aRmoCndeba, rom interviu mSralia da arafris-
momcemi, uintereso. eseigi SekiTxvebi saubris logikis
Sesabamisad dasmas saWiroebs. aseve miRebulia, rom res-
pondents unda vacaloT saubari, ar unda SevawyvetinoT
mas, arc mis azrs SevucvaloT mimarTuleba. Tuki yu-
radRebas movadunebT da movlenebs CamovrCebiT, niSnavs
imas, rom procesebs movwydiT da adgili namdvilad eq-
neba urTierTgamomricxav SekiTxvebs, anu (romlebic
uaryofen imas, rac Tqvenma mosaubrem adre Tqva). aseTma
qcevam savsebiT SesaZlebelia gamoiwvios intervius uf-
ro adre damTavreba, vidre Tqven fiqrobdiT. sul unda
gvaxsovdes, rom Jurnalistis amocanaa saubris gaZRo-
la, diriJireba. xSirad respodenti Segnebulad iwyebs
Tqvens mier dasmuli SekiTxvis ZiriTadi Sinaarsidan ga-
daxvevas da sruliad sxva sakiTxebze msjelobas iwyebs.
aseT SemTxvevaSi Cven mzad unda viyoT imisaTvis, rom sa-
ubari saWiro kalapotSi davabrunoT. TumcaRa amisaT-
vis mxolod survili araa sakmarisi. rogor unda gavake-
ToT, ufro zustad, rogor unda moviqceT aseT Sem-
TxvevaSi? gamocdili reportiorebi am saqmis saukeTeso
specialistebi arian, maT brwyinvaled esmiT rogor Sea-
Ceron Tanamosaubris vrceli msjeloba ise, rom ar ga-
moiwvion misi wyena an gaRizianeba. erT-erTi yvelaze
gavrcelebuli xerxia gavagebinoT Tanamosaubres, rom
mTlianad veTanxmebiT mas: gamovxatoT es Tundac mimi-
kiT, JestiT, daviWiroT pauza, raTa movaxerxoT Cveni
piradi komentari: `Tqven es Zalian zustad aRniSneT,
rogoria Tveni damokidebuleba imasTan dakavSirebiT,
rom...~ Jurnalistebma kargad unda icodnen, rom respo-

161
dentebTan normaluri urTierTobisaTvis arsebobs Se-
kiTxvebis aTamde saxeoba. mag. Ria da daxuruli (rode-
sac Jurnalisti cdilobs martivad dasmuli erTgvari
xrikiani kiTxviT miiRos gulaxdili pasuxi responden-
tisagan), ZiriTadi da sakontrolo, (romlebic gzadag-
za, msvlelobisas amowmeben naTqvams), mazondirebeli da
misaxvedri, neitraluri da pasuxis Semcveli kiTxvebi
da sxva. SevCerdeT magaliTisaTvis, pasuxisSemcvel Se-
kiTxvebze. Cven SegviZlia gulwrfeli eWvi SeitanoT
(ara Tanamosaubris, respondentis pasuxSi, aramed Se-
kiTxvis arsSi): `SesaZlebelia, rom aman gaamarTlos?~
`Tqven migaCniaT rom es imuSavebs?~ `rogor Sexedaven
amas sxvebi? gaaCnia sasaubro Temasa da Sinaarss, saub-
ris ra etapze imyofebi Sen TviTon, SeiZleba davasru-
loT Tanamosaubris mier dawyebuli frazac, (gansakuT-
rebiT maSin, Tu mas uZneldeba misi formulireba). uka-
naskneli xerxi (Tu Tqven marTlac daiWireT Tanamosa-
ubris azri da kargad gamoxateT is sityvebiT), rogorc
wesi, warmatebiT aisaxeba Tqveni saubris Semdgom msvle-
lobaze. Tanamosaubre kmayofili rCeba, rom Tqven mas
sworad gaugeT da ufro meti xalisiT upasuxebs sxva Se-
kiTxvebze. saerTod sasurvelia saubari ise warvmar-
ToT, rom is saintereso iyos ara mxolod Cveni Tanamo-
saubrisaTvis, aramed Tavad CvenTvisac, radganac yove-
li interviu nebismieri JurnalistisaTvis erTgvari ga-
mocdilebis SemZenia, radganac pirovneba, romelic ara
mxolod CvenTvis, aramed Tavad sazogadoebisaTvis
mniSvnelovan da yuradsaReb informacias flobs, aseT
SemTxvevaSi jer Tavad faqti da Semdgom TviTon pirov-
nebaa saintereso.
intervius, rogorc asaxvis forma, ramdenadac mim-
zidvelia, imdenad sapasuxismgeblocaa. Jurnalisti wi-
naswar guldasmiT unda emzadebodes ara mxolod asax-

162
vis faqtisa Tu movlenis arsSi Rrmad garkvevisaTvis,
saWiro SekiTxvebis daZebna-dasmisaTvis, aramed TviT im
piris TaviseburebaTa (bunebis, fsiqikis, kulturis, in-
teresebis...) winaswar kargad SeswavlisTvisac, visganac
iRebs intervius. aq gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom yovel
moRvawes sakuTari, Tavisi, raRac individualuri Tavi-
seburebani axasiaTebs. am TaviseburebaTa gamo zogi ad-
vilad upasuxebs kiTxvebze, zogi — Znelad, zogi xali-
siT iRebs Jurnalistebs, zogi ki gaurbis, zogi enawyli-
ania, zogs ki ZaliT unda aadgmevino ena da a.S. SeiZleba
intervius ramodenime ZiriTadi saxe gamovyoT: inter-
viu-dialogi, romelic formis TvalsazrisiT ase war-
mogvidgeba: Jurnalistis mier dasmul yovel kiTxvas iq-
ve mosdevs pasuxi. es saxe sakmaod gavrcelebulia beW-
dur mediaSi; Tumca aranakleb sainteresoa samauwyeblo
mediisTvisac. erTi sityviT, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom in-
terviu, rogorc Janri, klasikuri formaa da Jurnalis-
tebi intensiurad gamoiyeneben. asaxvis es forma Tval-
saCinod warmoaCens, romelia SekiTxva da romeli pasuxi,
anu SesaZleblobebs or mosaubres Soris. am SemTxvevaSi
yuradRebas gavamaxvilebT intervius ramodenime saxeo-
baze. esenia: siRrmiseuli interviu, avtointerviu, in-
terviu komentari, interviu dialogi, interviu mono-
logi, interviu diskusia, interviu Canaxati.

literatura:

1. n.tabiZe, publicistikis sakiTxebi, wigni 1, Tb.2011 gv.11

2. melvin menCeri, axali ambebis gaSuqeba da wera, me-12 gamo-
cema, Tbilisi, 2013. gv.293
3. jagodniSvili T., jagodniSvili iv. verbaluri komunika-
ciebi, Tb., 2009. gv.66, gv.90, gv.91, gv.94

163
 siRrmiseuli interviu

analizis gakeTeba, gaanalizeba. analizze damyare-

buli xedva... aseTi Sexedulebebi erTob saintereso,
magram Zalzed sapasuxismgeblocaa, radgan aseve kargi
analizi unda imis gagebas, ramdenad swori, saqmiani da
Sedegiania respondentis mier SemoTavazebuli azrebi,
ideebi, Sexedulebebi, ramdenad argumentirebulad,
faqtebze dayrdnobiT, miukerZoeblad, obieqturad da
samarTlianad warmogvidgens informacias. `siRrmiseu-
li interviu intervius saxeoba, romelic farTod ga-
moiyeneba Tvisebriv meTodebSi. esaa nawilobriv
struqturirebuli interviu, romelic sadiskusio geg-
mis safuZvelze warimarTeba da miznad isaxavs, Seityos
respondentis ara mxolod damokidebuleba da pozicia,
aramed motivaciebi(1-1). am Janris masalebi iSviaTad
rodi gvxvdeba Cveni Jurnal-gazeTebis furclebze. ma-
galiTisaTvis SeiZleba mivuTiToT 27-09-2010 `kviris
palitraSi~ dabeWdili publikacia — `xels gviSlian...
uwinac ase iyo da momavalSic SegviSlian~.
msgavsi saxis interviuebi xSirad sazogadoebis
gansakuTrebuli yuradRebis centrSi eqceva da Sesaba-
misad interviuSi warmodgenil Sexedulebebsac izia-
rebs didi nawili. amitomac Jurnalistis mier kargad
awonil-dawonili kiTxvebi da Sesabamisad responden-
tisaTvis `Riad~ datovebuli moedani, sadac SesaZlebe-
lia saubris procesSi respondentma yovelgvari kiT-
xvis dasmis gareSe ganagrZos saubari da warmoaCinos
axali saintereso detalebi sasaubro TemasTan mimar-
TebaSi, romlebzedac saerTod arc ki fiqrobda Jurna-
listi. siRrmiseuli interviu yovelmxrivi analizia
dasmuli sakiTxis irgvliv. Tumca ar unda daaviwydes

164
Jurnalists, rom sakiTxis amowurva, misi mTliani sa-
xiT warmoCineba yovlad SeuZlebelia. amitomac yurad-
Reba da aqcentebi Jurnalistis mxridan im mimarTule-
biT unda iqnas gadatanili, romelic yvelaze metad Se-
uwyobs xels arsebuli sakiTxis irgvliv sinaTlisa da
sicxadis Setanas, pasuxebs gascems sazogadoebisaTvis
mniSvnelovan da saintereso kiTxvebs. xSirad kiTxvebze
pasuxebi sazogadoebaSi arsebobs da cnobilia kidec,
magram didi mniSvneloba aqvs igive pasuxebis vinmes mi-
er dadasturebas an uaryofas, radgan aseTi damokide-
buleba da midgomebi Jurnalistebis mxridan aRadgens
urTierTobasa da aamaRlebs ndobis xarisxs sazogado-
ebasa da medias Soris. amitomac Jurnalisti valdebu-
lia respondents im kiTxvebze pasuxis gacemac `daaval-
debulos~, romlebzedac sazogadoebis mxridan aris
erTgvari dakveTa. roca analizs iyenebs respondenti
pasuxisaTvis, Jurnalists unda esmodes, rom mopasuxe
am SemTxvevaSi kvlevas awarmoebs Sesabamisi meTodebiT.
amdenad Tema, romelic analizs eyrdnoba, konkretuli
daskvnis gakeTebis safuZvelsac iZleva. yuradReba un-
da mieqces aseve SekiTxvebze pasuxebis gacemis proces-
Si romel SekiTxvas eqceva gansakuTrebuli yuradRe-
biT da romels SedarebiT zedapirulad. sakuTari qce-
vis, gancdebis analizisas respondenti gansakuTrebu-
lad frTxilicaa da gulaxdilic, amitom Jurnalisti-
saTvis namdvilad ar unda iyos sulerTi dasmul kiT-
xvebze pasuxebis gacemis TaviseburebaTa gaTvaliswi-
neba. magaliTad moviSvelieT eqskluziuri anu gansa-
kuTrebuli, gankerZoebuli kuTvnilebis Semadgeneli
interviu ruseTSi moRvawe qarTvel `gulis jadoqar-
Tan~, romelic gazeTma `kviris palitram~ mkiTxvels
2010 wlis 27 seqtembers miawoda. respondenti am Sem-
TxvevaSi iseT konkretul sakiTxebze saubrobs da iseT

165
garemoebebsa da detalebs exeba, romelic jer sxvasTan
ar uTqvams, ar gaumxelia. swored es niSa gamokveTs mas
da aniWebs eqskluzivs, xolo Tavisi SinaarsiT is siR-
rmiseulia da rig mniSvnelovan da saWirboroto sakiT-
xebze ara mxolod sakuTar versiebs gvTavazobs. pub-
likacia patara, magram saintereso SesavliT iwyeba,
romelic Jurnalistma erTgvari ganmartebisaTvis Se-
moitana, raTa yvelasaTvis martivad eCvenebina msof-
lioSi cnobili pirovnebis pozicia metad mtkivneul
sakiTxebTan mimarTebaSi da kidev imisaTvis, rom miuxe-
davad respondentis `cnobadobisa,~ ar aris gamoric-
xuli sazogadoebis didi nawili ar icnobdes am pirov-
nebas srulfasovnad da amdenad misi pasuxebic ar iyos
saintereso. magram aseTi winasityvaoba iZleva imis sa-
Sualebas, rom misi gacnobis Semdeg mkiTxveli bolom-
de SeZlebs Tvali gaadevnos TiToeul striqons da bo-
lomde gaecnos sagazeTo publikacias.
`marTalia, saqarTveloSi ar cxovrobs, magram leo
bokeria msoflioSi erT-erTi yvelaze cnobili qarTve-
lia. planetis erT-erTi saukeTeso kardioqirurgi,
akademikosi leo bokeria 1994 wlidan xelmZRvanelobs
a. n. bakulevis saxelobis gul-sisxlZarRvTa qirurgiis
samecniero centrs. is moskovSi cxovrobs da amayad am-
bobs, rom qarTvelia. rogori iyo foTSi gazrdili bi-
WisTvis gza akademikosobamde, leo bokeriam `kviris pa-
litras~ eqskluziur interviuSi mouTxro: 
– foTSi, Cvens quCaze, 31 saxli idga. bevr ojaxSi
mamebi omidan ar dabrunebulan, magram TiTqmis yvela
ojaxSi biWi izrdeboda. ZiriTadad, quCaSi viyaviT. kar-
gi megobrebi myavda. vinc cocxali davrCiT, axlac Zme-
biviT varT. fexburTsa da Wadraks vTamaSobdiT. ka-
laTburTic miyvarda. miuxedavad imisa, rom simaRle ar

166
myofnida da arc sxva monacemebi miwyobda xels, mainc
vTamaSobdi. yoveldRe zRvaze davdiodiT. CemTvis da
Cemi megobrebisTvis sabanao sezoni adre gazafxulze
iwyeboda. radgan rusuli skola davamTavre, asarCevad
bevri qalaqi mqonda. moskovSi wavedi da pirvel samedi-
cino institutSi Cavabare. saerTo sacxovrebelSi
vcxovrobdi.
— batono leo, saqarTvelodan moskovSi Casulma
axalgazrdam did warmatebas miaRwieT. warmatebis gza-
ze ra iyo gadamwyveti, Sromismoyvareoba, niWi Tu keTi-
li adamianebis Tanadgoma?
– Cveulebrivi adamiani var. bavSvobaSi Wadrakis
siyvaruli rom Sematyo dedam, Wadrakis saxelmZRvane-
lo miyida. vijeqi da vswavlobdi partiebs. kargi Tan-
rigic mqonda. samedicino institutis meore kursze vi-
yavi, rodesac inglisuri enis Semswavlel kursebze mi-
vedi. or weliwadSi davamTavre da maSin SemomTavazes,
samedicino institutis nacvlad inglisuri enis swav-
la gamegrZelebina. ar davTanxmdi. inglisuri enis
codna Zalian gamomadga, rodesac samecniero muSaoba
daviwye. Temam, romelzec msoflioSi sul ori naSromi
iyo gamoqveynebuli, Zalian damainteresa, biblioTeka-
Si wavikiTxe inglisurad. jer sakandidato gavakeTe,
mere sadoqtoro, mogvianebiT ki leninuri premia mivi-
Re. es aris e.w. hiperbariuli oqsigenaciis (Zalian maRa-
li wnevis JangbadiT moqmedeba bavSvebze, romelTac
aqvT e.w. lurji, Tandayolili manki) meTodiT operaci-
is Catareba. operaciis dros barokameraSi Jangbadis
done matulobda, bavSvebs silurje gasdiodaT da ope-
racias warmatebiT vatarebdiT. mere ariTmiam damain-

167
teresa. Cvenma jgufma (im jgufSi Cemi aspiranti amiran
reviSvili da ori kaunaseli eqimi iyvnen) saxelmwifo
premia miiRo. amas imitom giyvebiT, rom giTxraT, — Tu
adamians ramis miRweva unda, mTavaria Sroma, Sroma da
Sroma.
– magram sabWoeTis dros `Cawyoba~ da nacnoboba
iyo gadamwyveti. Tqven ki moskoveli ar iyaviT...
– ar minda am kiTxvaze gipasuxoT, sxvadasxvanair
interpetacias moayoleben. magram getyviT, rom bevri
gadavitane, rom Cem win aRmarTuli barierebisTvis Se-
momevlo. cxovrebam damanaxa, Tu karg wigns dawer an
operacias kargad gaakeTeb, ar daikargeba.
– saqarTveloSi ra genatrebaT?
– ZmakacebTan yofna. foTSi rom Cavdivar, usaTu-
od unda moviaro is quCebi, sadac gavizarde. zRvaSic
swored im adgilas unda vibanao, sadac bavSvobisas. pa-
liastomzec davdivar xolme saTevzaod. Cems ufros
das malaria sWirda da mSoblebs urCies, afxazeTSi ga-
dadiTo. isinic oCamCireSi dasaxldnen. sami wlis viya-
vi, mama rom gardaicvala da oCamCireSi daasaflaves.
deda bavSvebiT (ori ufrosi da myavs) dabrunda foTSi.
dedaCemi rom gardaicvala, foTidan oCamCireSi gada-
vasvene da mamis gverdiT davasaflave. iqve zRvis piras
patara saxli avaSene. axlo urTierToba mqonda afxaze-
Tis assr-is pirvel mdivan boris adleibasTan, romelic
Cemi pacientic iyo. is kaci rom darCeniliyo Tanamde-
bobaze, qarTvelebsa da afxazebs Soris cudi araferi
moxdeboda. moskovSi leninis prospeqtze vcxovrob.
oTxi saaTi mWirdeboda babuSeraSi Casasvlelad. pa-
raskevs oCamCireSi Cavdiodi da kvira saRamos moskovSi

168
vbrundebodi. 1992 wlis Semdeg aRar Cavsulvar. mSob-
lebis saflavze misvla menatreboda. amitomac ori we-
lia, rac mSoblebi oCamCiridan moskovSi gadmovasvene.
radganac oCamCireSi veRar Cavdiodi, foTSi avaSene
saxli.
— erTgan interviuSi ambobT, namdvili qarTveli
varo. namdvili qarTvelis TvisebaTagan romels gamo-
arCevT?
– niWierebas. Cven gvyavda stalini, SoTa rusTave-
li da kidev ramdenime iseTi pirovneba, romelTa msgav-
si msoflioSi ar arsebobs.
– magram niWierma qarTvelebma ver avaSeneT iseTi
qveyana, rogoric gvinda.   
– xels gviSlian... uwinac ase iyo, yovelTvis xels
gviSlidnen da momavalSic SegviSlian. amitom iseTi
formula unda movnaxoT, rom yvelas moundes saqar-
Tvelos gaZliereba. iseTi xalxi varT, cudi aravisTvis
gvinda. es unda gaigos yvelam. sabWoTa kavSiri rom dai-
Sala, bevrs undoda saqarTveloSi biznessaqmianoba.
maSindelma xelisuflebam dro dakarga. axla Znelia
uceb yvelafris mogvareba, magram saqarTvelo swra-
fad unda ganviTardes da afxazebic moisurveben aseT
qveyanaSi cxovrebas.
– Tqveni pacientebi politikosebic iqnebian.
– ra Tqma unda... Cemi pacientebi — ministrebi arian,
ufro maRali rangis politikosebi — ara. axla axalgaz-
rda xalxia mTavrobaSi da saeqimo ra sWirT? sul sxva
iyo adre, sabWoTa epoqaSi, rodesac asakovani xalxi iyo
xelisuflebaSi.
– yvelaze xSirad riT avadmyofoben politikosebi? 

169
 – guliT da sisxlZarRvebiT. sxvaTa Soris, stali-
ni, CerCili da ruzvelti — samive sisxlZarRvis gaskdo-
mis gamo gardaicvalnen. ruseTSi gulisa da sisxlZar-
Rvebis daavadebiT mosaxleobis 96,4% kvdeba. politi-
kosebs yvelaze xSirad aqvT emociuri datvirTva. amis
gamo uwevT wneva da xSirad avaddebian guliT.
– qarTuli sufra miyvarso, TqviT.
– miyvars, aba, ra! TbilisSi erTi axlobeli myavs da
sul miTvlida, Camodi, Camodio. Camovedi. miTxra, aqa
da aq gvepatiJebian da wavideTo. Zalian daRlili viya-
vi da vuTxari, maSin male davbrundeT sastumroSi-meT-
qi. sam saaTSi davbrundebiTo. samis nacvlad rva saaTi
visxediT sufrasTan. meore dRes meubneba, guSin gada-
vaWarbeT, mec daviRale da dRes cota xniT wavideT ax-
loblebTano. wavediT da 11 saaTi gagrZelda qeifi.
asea, qarTvelebs qeifi gviyvars da me gamonaklisi ara
var.
– qarTuli Rvino mogwonT?
– qarTuli Rvino isev ar Semodis ruseTSi. kviraSi
xuT dRes vakeTeb operacias, amitom kviridan paraske-
vamde ar vsvam. paraskev saRamosa da SabaTs ki sufras-
Tan Seveqcevi wiTel frangul Rvinos.
— adamianisTvis ra aris mTavari — kariera, ojaxi
Tu...?
– mTavari ojaxia. ori qaliSvili myavs da oTxi Svi-
liSvili — ori biWi da ori gogo. ukve SvilTaSvilebic
myavs.
– Tqvenma Svilebma ician qarTuli ena?
– ver movaxerxe maTTvis qarTuli meswavlebina. me-
uRle rusia (Cven erTad vswavlobdiT institutSi da

170
swavlis dasrulebis Semdeg davqorwindiT), Sin rusu-
lad vlaparakobT da amitom... Cemi umcrosi qaliSvili
29 wlisa medicinis mecnierebaTa doqtori gaxda da es
meamayeba. me 33 wlis viyavi, es xarisxi rom miviRe. erTi
unda naxoT, ra xdeba, CvenTan rom modian wiwilebi (Svi-
lebi da SviliSvilebi).
Zalian Tbili ojaxi maqvs. Cemi umcrosi qaliSvili
CemTan muSaobs, institutSi. rom davinaxav, usaTuod
unda vakoco da movefero. erTxel `didi xalxi~ iyo
mosuli institutSi da gaukvirdaT, ase rom movefere
Svils. asea, gogoebi Zalian gviyvars mamebs.
– prezidentma saakaSvilma ucxoeTSi mcxovrebi
warmatebuli qarTvelebi saqarTveloSi moiwvia, muSao-
bisTvis saukeTeso pirobebs SegiqmniTo.
– bakulevis instituti msoflioSi yvelaze didia.
weliwadSi cxra aTas operacias vakeTebT. 1985 wels bu-
rakovskim Seqmna programa gulis qirurgiis ganviTare-
bisTvis. TbilisSi daviwyeT operaciebis gakeTeba. Se-
vardnaZem Sexvedraze mkiTxa, saqarTveloSi Camosvlas
rodis apirebTo. Zalian Semrcxva. axalgazrda kaci vi-
yavi, institutis direqtoris moadgile da yvela premi-
is laureati... ar vapirebdi Camosvlas da SevardnaZes
vupasuxe, me moskoveli var, Cemi ojaxis wevrebic mos-
kovelebi arian da rogor moviqceT-meTqi.
miTxra, moskovSi ufro mets akeTebT, vidre aq Camos-
vliT gaakeTebdiTo. gavixede da erT TveSi TviTon ar
wamovida moskovSi? warmogidgeniaT, ra moxdeboda, ma-
Sin rom davbrunebuliyavi TbilisSi, araviTari daxma-
reba ar meqneboda da ver vimuSavebdi. ukve asakovani
var, amxela samecniero centrs vxelmZRvanelob da si-

171
sulele iqneba am yvelafris mitoveba. vici, arian Tbi-
lisSi axalgazrdebi, romlebic Zalian kargad muSao-
ben da maTi imedi maqvs. CvenTanac Zalian bevri qarTve-
li muSaobs.
– amis Taobaze iTqva kidec, leo bokeriam qarTve-
lebi Semoikriba Tavis institutSio.
– yvela, visac unda Cvens institutSi muSaoba, mo-
vides da Tu ivargebs, imuSaos. marTla bevria qarTve-
li, magram bevria yazaxeTidan, ukrainidan, yirgizeTi-
danac... Cvens institutSi rom SemoxvideT, ifiqrebT,
rom isev sabWoTa epoqaa.
— Tqveni yvelaze didi survili..
– maqvs Zalian didi gegmebi da minda xorci Sevasxa,
jerjerobiT ki mTeli Cemi fiqrebi ojaxs ukavSirdeba.
Cemi didi survilia, saqarTvelo gamTliandes. es baton
prezidentsac vuTxari (agvistos omamde), rodesac
Cvens institutSi stumrad iyo. 2008 wlis agvistos omi
ki, Cemi azriT, Zalian didi Secdoma iyo.
– ras urCevT Cvens mkiTxvels, rom gulma ar Seawuxos?
– genetikas didi mniSvneloba aqvs, magram reJimis
dacvac aucilebelia. adamiani droulad unda dawves
da naklebi Wamos. frangebi rom amboben, sufridan ad-
gomisas odnav mSieri unda iyoo, sworia. es janmrTelo-
bis receptia. adamiani wlebis ganmavlobaSi rom erT
wonas inarCunebs, es Zalian sasikeTod moqmedebs jan-
mrTelobaze.  
— `es omi ar unda momxdariyo~
— ruseTis eqimTa gaerTianebis `jandacvis ligis~
xelmZRvanelma leo bokeriam 2006 wlis 12 agvistos ru-
seTis federaciis sazogadoebrivi palatis winaSe ga-

172
nacxada: `me ruseTis moqalaqe var, magram amave dros
var qarTveli. imas, rom ruseTi Cems samSoblos bom-
bavs, ver daveTanxmebi da verc mxars davuWer~.
leo bokerias am sityvebze dumis erovnebaTaSoris
urTierTobaTa da eTnokulturaTa ganviTarebis komi-
tetis xelmZRvanelma valeri tiSovma preskonferencia
Caatara da ganacxada, — leo bokeria 100%-iani ruseTis
moqalaqea da amave dros 100%-iani qarTveli, magram sa-
xelmwifos loialuroba bevrad maRla dgas, vidre eT-
nikuri warmomavlobao.

literatura:

1. Tvisebrivi meTodebi socialur kvlevaSi: saleqcio kur-

si soc. mecn. magistraturisaTvis,T. zurabiSvili; -Tb.
2006
2. 27-09-2010 `kviris palitra

avtointerviu

avtointerviu, SeiZleba iTqvas, erT-erTi yvelaze

rTuli formaa sxva danarCen intervius saxeebs Soris. am
sazRvrebSi moqceuli interviu erTgvari Tavmoyraa pi-
rovnebis filosofiur — fsiqologiur — profesiul —
diplomatiur -profesionaluri TvalTaxedvisa. am Jan-
rSi konkretuli pirovneba cdilobs maqsimalurad `gax-
snas~ sakuTari `SemoqmedebiTi cis kabadoni~ da audito-
rias warudginos is xedvebi da Tvalsazrisebi, rogora-
dac ufiqria, ganusjia, miaCnia an ubralod xedavs, swams
da sjera kidec. baton Wabuas avtointerviu swored amis

173
naTeli dasturia. batoni Wabuas Tvalsawieri, gamomdina-
re piradi cxovrebiseuli gamocdilebidan, uflis mier
danaTlebuli niWierebidan da bedisweridan, yovlismom-
cvelia da Zalze sainteresod ikiTxeba. amitomac mog-
vyavs baton Wabua amirejibis avtointerviu ucvlelad (1‐
1)  da magaliTad imisa, davinaxoT da warmovidginoT Tu
rogori tevadi, farTo da yovlismomcvelia SemoTavaze-
buli Janri, Tumca, arc Tu ise gavrcelebuli:
`– ra aris es, Jurnalistikis axali Janria?
– ara. mwerali swers imaze, rac mas ainteresebs, rac
icis, an imaze raSic SeRweva surs Tavad. yvela adamians,
saerTod, da momaval mkiTxvels, anu ekiTxeba Tavis Tavs
da am kiTxvebze Tavadve pasuxobs. amdenad, yoveli Txzu-
leba aris mwerlis avtointerviu. ai, amjeradac gadav-
wyvite, banalur SekiTxvebs gaveqce da pasuxi sakuTar
Tavs gavce:
– vin xar Sen, Wabua amirejibo, saidan modixar?
– TbilisSi davibade. ToTxmet-naxevar girvanqas vi-
wonidi, anu eqvs kilograms, oras gram naklebs. aRnagonis
mixedviT, SeiZleboda fiqri, rom m.ime wonis sporcmeni
gavxdebodi, magram Stangistoba Tu mokriveoba ar mewera,
kalaTburTi varCie da SemdgomSi profesiul patimar-
marbenlad Camovyalibdi, magram amaze — mere iyos. deda
da mama Zveli aristokratiuli modgmisani iyvnen. mama —
irakli giorgis Ze amirejibi — cnobili advokati. deda —
pedagogi, „qalTa umaRlesi kursebiT~, TiTqmis garuse-
buli. qarTuli mamaCemis ojaxSi iswavla, kargad ganaT-
lebuli, mSvenieri Tavadis qalis, sofio sofromis asul
maRalaSvil-amirejibisgan. deda — mariam mixeilis asuli
nakaSiZe — pirdapiri Camomavali iyo samegrelos, afxaze-
Tis da guriis mTavrebisa. mamaCemis winaparTa wodebrio-
174
baze TviT gvari metyvelebs. amirejiboba saxelo anu
dRevandeli terminologiiT, Tanamdeboba iyo, manda-
turTuxucesis (Sinagan saqmeTa ministris) pirvel moad-
giles niSnavda. igi dazverva — kontrdazvervas xel-
mZRvanelobda. saxelo sagvareulo iyo, memkvidreobiT
gadadioda da amirejibis gvaris mtarebeli yoveli ojaxi
cdilobda, Tavisi naSieri moemzadebina am Tanamdebobis
dasakaveblad. konkurencia mwvave da daundobeli iyo.
yoveli kandidati Sesaferis ganaTlebas iRebda, ro-
gorc saqarTvelos, ise bizantiis akademiebSi. aqedan —
gvaris tradiciuli naswavloba-ganaTlebu-lobac. bo-
los as weliwadSi erTaderT ubir kacad qveyanas movev-
line me — pedagogiuri fakultetis sami kursis meti ara
damimTavrebia ra. meore kursze ukve mweralTa kavSiris
wevri viyavi, vwerdi, vibeWdebodi — swavlas Tavi mivane-
be… davubrundeT bavSvobasa da yrmobas. Cemi qarTuli
ena zemoxsenebul bebos da papas wyalobiT Camoyalibda,
gansakuTrebiT — papasi, romelic Tavis droze misi impe-
ratorobiTi udidebulesobis armiis artileriis Stab-
skapitani gaxldaT. isini qarTlelebi iyvnen, anu im enis
mflobelni, romelic qarTul literaturul enas daedo
safuZvlad. ra Tqma unda, amaSi Tavisi roli skolamac Se-
asrula.
im dros maswavleblebi, ZiriTadad, qarTvel inte-
ligentTa ojaxebidan gamosuli pirovnebebi iyvnen, uza-
do qarTuls flobdnen da Cvenc aseTsave enas gvaswav-
lidnen. yovelive amis garda, Wirveuli, Zneli bavSvi viya-
vi. safiqrebelia, ojaxs Tavi movabezre da „gamabares~,
anu aRsazrdelad mimces sorbonadamTavrebul qalbaton
melania meZmariaSvil-gvelesianis ojaxSi. am ubrZenesma
qalbatonma pirdapir amavso Cemi asakisTvis erTob didi

175
da mravalmxrivi codniT. skolaSi Svidi wlisa mimiyvanes,
pirdapir meore klasSi damsves da ufrosklaselebsa da
maswavleblebs gulwrfelad ukvirdaT Cemi „ganaTlebi-
sa~ da informaciulobis diapazoni. Cemi meore ena rusu-
li iyo; es ojaxSive da Semdeg garemocvisgan viswavle.
zneobriv aRzrdaze aRarafers vityvi garda imisa, rom
amas safuZveli ojaxSi Caeyara, xolo zednaSeni, anu Sem-
dgomi ganviTareba cxovrebam momitana.Cvidmetisam da-
vamTavre „amierkavkasiis kavSergabmulobis teqnikumi~
gadamcemi radiosadgurebis ganxriT da aqve momeniWa
„pirveli rigis Tadarigis mesame rangis samxedro teqni-
kosis~ wodeba. saintereso damTxveva: 1941 wlis 22 ivniss
kalaTburTis moedanze momnaxa mezoblis biWunam, sam-
xedro komisariatis uwyeba gadmomca. viTamaSe bolomde.
23-Si jarSi viyavi. banakSic ase moxda. vTamaSobdi kalaT-
burTs, „vizivalSikma~ daiZaxa: „amirejibi na svobodu~-o
viTamaSe bolomde, gamovemSvidobe yvelas da gavedi zo-
nidan. samxedro samsaxuri daviwye amierkavkasiis samxed-
ro olqSi kavSirgabmulobis 203-e calke aseulSi ufros
radist-telegrafistad. ramodenime Tvis Semdeg gadamiy-
vanes 26-e aviodiviziis radiosadguris ufrosad q. groz-
nos aerodromze, saidanac „kuku amomkres~, rogorc rep-
resirebuli mSoblebis Svils da ucxoeTSi emigrirebul-
Ta naTesavs. yovelive es damaluli mqonda mxolod imi-
tom, rom mindoda, menaxa omi. Semdgomi bedis gadasawyve-
tad momavlines Crd. kavkasiis samxedro olqis StabSi. iq
SemTxveviT Semxvda naTesavi kaci, am samxedro olqis sa-
finanso sammarTvelos ufrosi, romlis wyalobiT aRmov-
Cndi saintendanto samsaxurSi, kerZod — transportSi.
imxanad sparseTis yuredan iranisa da amierkavkasiis gav-

176
liT mokavSireTa samxedro daxmareba avtokolonebiT
moedineboda. aq yvelaferi iyo, avtomanqanebiT dawyebu-
li, yovelgvari SeiaraReba, amunicia da damTavrebuli
1903 w. mosavlis „uxarSavi~ TeTri lobioTi. erT-erTi
aseTi kolonis ufrosis moadgiled gaxldiT ufrosi le-
itenantis CiniT, magram aqac ramodenime TveSi momagno
yovlisSemZle „asobniakma~ da meored, amjerad, sabolo-
od gamomistumres rusebma Tavisi armiidan. rogorc
„arasworad gawveuli~. – saidan da rogor daiwyo Seni
„ukuRmarTi~ cxovreba?
– swored aqedan da, ai, rogor: davbrundi, aRmadgi-
nes Tbilisis sax. universitetis filologiis fakulte-
tis meore kursze. omis dro iyo. saRad moazrovne, mamu-
liSvilurad ganwyobili studentoba imaze fiqrobda, Tu
rogor, ra saSualebebiTa da xerxebiT dasZromoda saqar-
Tvelo ruseTis imperiis klanWebs. yalibdeboda arale-
galuri organizaciebi da erT-erT aseTSi, kerZod, „TeTr
giorgiSi~, mec amovyavi Tavi. organizacias xelmZRvane-
lobda amisTvis dabadebuli axalgazrda kaci — mxne, ga-
naTlebuli, „uSiSi, viTa uxorco~ da Tavdadebuli meb-
rZoli mustafa Selia. organizaciis mizans Seadgenda Se-
iaraRebuli ajanyebis gziT saqarTveloSi sabWoTa wyobi-
lebis likvidacia. axalgazrdebi, gamoucdeli, mxolod-
Ra Tavisuflebis wyurviliT aRWurvili mamuliSvilebi
viyaviT da, cxadia, Cveni mizanswrafva kraxiT dasrulda.
1944 wlis aprilSi uSiSroebis jarebis „troikam~
ocdaxuTi wlis patimroba momisaja me, xolo danarCeni
cxrameti monawilidan sams daxvreta da sxvebs sxvadasxva
vadiT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa xvda wilad. aqve gaxda cno-
bili CvenTvis, rom mustafa Selia Cekistebma ayvanis cdi-

177
sas gamoasalmes wuTisofels. naTelSi amyofos misi ama-
yi, daumorCilebeli suli maRalma RmerTma. – rogor gan-
viTarda Seni Semdgomi cxovreba?
– ocdaxuTi wlis patimrobas ra uSavda. am vadis mox-
dis Semdeg, warmoidgineT, xuTi wliT samoqalaqo ufle-
bebis ayrac gaiTvaliswina zemoxsenebulma tribunalma.
es ki niSnavda, rom veRar miviRebdi „Cveni mSobliuri
umaRlesi sabWos~ arCevnebSi monawileobas. amdenis atana
SeuZleblad miviCnie da xeli „marbenlobas~ mivyavi. sxva-
dasxvanairi ramodenime gaqceva damigrovda, magram
„Tempora mutantur, et nos mutantur in ills” da movida dro, roca
mec gamovicvale, moveSvi gaqcevebs, reabilitacias da-
vuwye lodini.
es dRec movida. davutove „naCalniks~ sxvadasxva ga-
naCenebiT mosjili ori daxvreta, oTxmocdasami wlis mo-
uxdeli patimroba da davbrundi samSobloSi wyeuli war-
weriT msjavrdebulis formularze msxvilad, wiTeli
fanqriT — „Беглец склонен к бегству~. im drom damitova dax-
vretili mama, aTweliwadmoxdili moxuci deda, umcrosi
da — naTia, ufrosi da — rodami, romelic moskovSi cxov-
robda, iyo Cinebuli adamianis, didi poetis, mixeil svet-
lovis meuRle. misi gardacvalebis Semdeg, ori Tu sami
wlis Semdeg — meuRle aranakleb Cinebuli adamianisa da
didi fizikosis, bruno pontekorvosi. amis gardacvale-
bis Semdeg rodami gadmosaxlda TbilisSi da aResrula
aqve 1995 wels, samocdaCvidmeti wlis asakSi. rodamma ar-
Cina dedaCveni aTi wlis patimrobis manZilze da Tqveni
morCili monac, roca mejdomeboda.
vgulisxmob jdomas gaqcevebis drois gamoklebiT.
ZiriTadad, rodammave arCina Cveni umcrosi da naTia, ro-

178
melic deida-mamidebTan izrdeboda.
myavda eqvsi Svili, marTalia, sxvadasxva meuRleebi-
sagan, rac Cemi marbenlobiT aixsneba, magram RmerTma ine-
ba da, ager, ukve ocdaTxuTmeti wlis manZilze myavs gasa-
ocari meuRle, poeti Tamar grigolis asuli javaxiSvi-
li. am xnis manZilze Cven Soris aramcTu raime eqscess, se-
riozul Selaparakebasac ki ar hqonia adgili. vcxov-
robT mSvidad da bednierad. ramdenadac es Cvens „awewil~
droSia SesaZlebeli. Svilebs davubrundeT. ufrosi — ma-
nana, pirveli gaqcevis Svili, mamis kvals gahyva, swers
moTxrobebs, qveyndeba, mkiTxvels moswons. meore — lei-
la, es papis kvals gahyva, iuristia, diplomati, saqarTve-
los saelCoSi msaxurobs moskovSi. amaT Semdeg — oTxi va-
Ji, oTxive gaTavisuflebis Semdeg meyolnen. ufrosi —
irakli, rusebis armiaSi samsaxuris Semdeg moxalised wa-
vida afxazeTSi, daiRupa da waiRo Cemi uryevi janmrTe-
loba — sami insulti! irakli vaxtang gorgaslis pirveli
xarisxis ordeniT aris dajildoebuli. danarCenma sam-
mac miiRo monawileoba afxazeTis omSi. RmerTma damindo,
samive gadarCa. iraklis momdevno — laSa — moqandakea,
qucna — kinoreJisor-operatoria, Salva —biofizikosi.
SviliSvilebi — ukve Svidi, Svidive gogo. badiSebi — sami.
– rodis daviwye literaturuli moRvaweoba?
– rva wlisam leqsi davwere. „kavkasionis~ literatu-
rulma damatebam, „arilma~, CemTan intervius waumZRvara
es (Tu SeiZleba, ase iTqvas) leqsi, RmerTma icis, saidan
amoqeqili. bavSvobasa da yrmobaSi vwerdi leqsebsa da
moTxrobebs, magram ocidan-ormocamde banakebSi daweri-
lidan cota ramRa gadarCa, dawerilis adgilis specifi-
kis gamo: vwerdi — marTmevdnen. seriozuli literatu-

179
ruli muSaoba patimrobidan dabrunebis Semdeg daviwye.
miRebuli maqvs ssrk saxelmwifo premia (1979), saqarTve-
los rusTavelis premia (1994), saqarTvelos saxelmwifo
premia (1998); maqvs, agreTve, sxvadasxva ucxouri jildoe-
bi, premiebi, prizebi da sxva. Cemi namuSevrebi gamoqveyne-
bulia msoflios ocdaaTamde enaze. var xelovnebis dam-
saxurebuli moRvawe, „Rirsebisa~ da, Cemi irakliviT, „vax-
tang gorgaslis pirveli xarisxis~ ordenis kavaleri.
movrCi trabaxs. axla:
– riT var dainteresebuli, raze msurs, vilaparako?
ra aris adamiani, rogor cxovrobs mzisa qveSe, rogor da
rodis midis umjobes samyaroSi?
– – yrmobidanve, da, ra Tqma unda, arc pirveli var da
arc ukanaskneli, swored am kiTxvas Cavacivdi, ukeT
vTqvaT, zemoxsenebulma deida melaSam gaamaxvila Cemi
yuradReba am Tavsatexze.
bolos da bolos, TiTqos vipove pasuxi aqedan ga-
momdinare sxva kiTxvebzedac, magram pirvelsave sityvaze
movideT: adamianSi, sxva yvelafers garda, ori ZiriTadi
sawyisi budobs — kiTxvis damsmeli da pasuxis gamcemi saw-
yisebi. marTalia, pasuxi arcTu yvelanair kiTxvaze moi-
Zebneba xolme, magram rogorc unda iyos, adamiani SekiT-
xvebis generatoria, xolo mignebuli pasuxebi — progre-
sis Zravi. Zvelromauli kanonmdeblobiTa da samarTliT,
Tu ar vcdebi, dabadebuli arsebaadamianad pirveli wa-
moyvirebisave Semdeg iTvleboda „iuridiul pirad~, ro-
melsac ukve sicocxlis, siyvarulis, memkvidreobisa da
sxva samoqalaqo uflebebi eniWeboda. CemTvis adamiani sa-
zogadoebis sruluflebian wevrad maSinve iTvleba, ro-
ca igi pirvelad moubagunebs dedas, anu sicocxlis ni-

180
Sans daafiqsirebs. vfiqrob, marTlmadidebluri eklesi-
is mier Canasaxze Zaladobis codvad aRiareba am viTare-
bidanac modis. adamianis sikvdili sxvadasxvanairad da
sxvadasxva mizezebiT modis. magaliTad, dgeba dro, roca
adamians didi xnis sicocxliT dagrovebuli gamocdile-
bis gamo, aRaraferi ukvirs, aRaraferi ainteresebs, aRar
ebadeba kiTxvebi da maTze pasuxis povnis survili, radgan
hgonia, rom ukve yvelaferi icis, yovelive ganvlilia da
axali aRaraferi SeiZleba iyos.
amgvari indiferentuli mdgomareoba fizikuri aR-
sasrulis dasawyisia, vinaidan organizmi cxovelmoqmede-
bis stimuls kargavs. amas sakuTari mravalwlovani ga-
mocdilebiT vambob. Cemi azriT, adamianis sicocxle
mTavrdeba fizikur sikvdilamde, roca igi paTologiiT
gamowveul mexsierebas kargavs. es ukve arsebobaa da ara
sicocxle.
mexsierebis dakargva gonebis atrofias, anu adamia-
nis dasasruls niSnavs. sikvdilis mTavari mizezi ki, dar-
wmunebuli var, Semdeg viTarebaSi mdgomareobs: yoveli
adamiani garkveuli daniSnulebiTurT — mniSvnelovani
Tu umniSvnelo funqciiTurT ibadeba da midis maSin, ro-
desac Tavis funqcias amowuravs. hegels Tavis „sulis
folosofiaSi~ TiTqos gakvriTa da ucabedad aqvs naT-
qvami, rom adamiani, roca igi Tavis daniSnulebas amowu-
ravs, am qveynidan midis miuxedavad asakisa da aRsruleba-
Ta masStabisa.
marTalia, hegels mxedvelobaSi hyavs msoflio — is-
toriuli pirovnebebi — vTqvaT, aleqsandre makedoneli
da napoleon bonaparti, magram araviTar siZneles ar war-
moadgens im ukvdavTa Tu mokvdavTa siis Sedgena, visze-

181
dac hegelis zemoxsenebuli Teza savsebiT vrceldeba.
ager, lenini, romlis funqcia, rogorc Cans, oqtombris
gadatrialebis xelmZRvaneloba, samoqalaqo omSi gamar-
jveba, interventTa gandevna da axali imperiis safuZvle-
bis Cayra iyo. aRasrula da wavida! stalini — totalita-
ruli saxelmwifos aSeneba, faSizmis damarcxeba, ruseTis
imperiis didi birTvuli potencialiT aRWurva. aRasru-
la da wavida! orive kanonzomierad daixoca. CamonaTvlis
gagrZeleba usasrulod SeiZleba ubralo mokvdavTa xar-
jze, mxolod tvinis ganZrevaa saWiro (sainteresoa, amo-
wura Tu ara Tavisi funqcia Wabua amirejibma? Rirs amaze
fiqri…). ai, ubralo mokvdavis magaliTic. Cemi bavSvobis
erTma megobarma imTaviTve gastronomis direqtoroba
daisaxa miznad, magram studentobaSive „gulagis~ bana-
kebSi moxvda. moixada TxuTmetwliani patimroba-gadasax-
leba, dabrunda. patiosnad, uproteqciod Caabara ekono-
mikis fakultetze misaRebi gamocdebi, aseve patiosnad
daamTavra igi. moewyo gastronomis direqtorad! SeirTo
coli, eyola bavSvi, col-qmarma gaaerTiana Tavisi binebi,
ase Tu ise rigiani aveji SeiZines; icocxla, sanam Svilma
umaRlesi daamTavra da… gardaicvala. imitom, rom aRas-
rula dabadebiTve miniWebuli funqcia. mkiTxveli dame-
Tanxmeba, aseTi magaliTebi milionobiT aris. raki sauba-
ria adamianze, mis wasvlaze mzisqveSeTidan, TavisTavad
dgeba ukvdavebis sakiTxic. ramdeni xniT rCeba adamiani
sxvaTa mexsierebaSi? ojaxis wevrebi, vTqvaT, ramdenime
Taobis mexsierebaSi rCebian; ase Tu ise mniSvnelovan saq-
meTa aRmsrulebelni — ufro didxans, imis Tanaxmad, Tu
sazogadoebriv-istoriuli TvalsazrisiT raoden mniS-
vnelovani iyo maT mier aRsrulebuli saqmeni.

182
 – mgonia, adamianis sikvdilis gamo mosazrebebs impe-
riebis cxovelmoqmedeba — zedac avrceleb.
– diax, hegelis Teza universalurad mimaCnia. cnobi-
lia, imperiebs aarsebs erTi romelime eri, xalxi, rogorc
gnebavT, ise daarqviT.
droTa viTarebaSi es warmonaqmni „Cagrul da mCag-
vrelTa~ mravalerovan saxelmwifod yalibdeba. roca wi-
naaRmdegobebi kulminacias aRwevs, iwyeba TandaTanobiTi
rRveva da, zog SemTxvevaSi, kataklizmuri ngrevac. eg
aris, unda gamovapiroboT mTavari: kacobriobis istori-
aSi, iSviaTi gamonaklisis garda, rac, aqve aRvniSnoT, wess
adasturebs, ar yofila imperia, xuT-eqvs__saukuneze
metxans rom earsebos. amaze me jer kidev Cem roman „daTa
TuTaSxiaSi~ davwere. daviwyoT imiT, rom kacobriobis is-
toriaSi ar arsebula saxelmwifo, romelSic mTeli xal-
xi kmayofili yofiliyo Tavisi wyobilebiTa da mTavro-
biT. metic, xalxebi mzad arian, daamxon Tavisi mTavroba
nebismier, cota Tu bevrad, amisTvis xelsayreli viTare-
bisas… es ise, ganzogadebis saxiT. safiqrebelia, imperia-
Ta ngrevis upirvelesi piroba „babilobis godolis faq-
toria~. imperiaSi Semavali xalxebi erToblivi Zalisxme-
viT ageben mniSvnelovan ekonomikas, inteleqtualur fa-
seulobebs qmnian, magram ganviTarebis garkveul safe-
xurze isini kargaven „erTmaneTis enis~ gagebis unars, anu
maTi socialur-politikuri interesebi mZafr winaaR-
mdegobaSi modian da yvelaferi erTad Tavs ecema damaar-
sebel ers, anu imperiul wyobilebas.
Cveulebrivad mravalerovani saxelmwifos dedaqa-
laqi, didi dasaxlebebi da, garkveulwilad, calkeuli
regionebic, dasaxlebuli aris Sereuli sisxlis mase-

183
biT,rac imperiul erTan xangrZlivi Tanaarsebobis Sede-
gia. mosaxleobis es nawili absoluturad moklebulia im-
periuli patriotizmis grZnobas da gadamwyvet viTareba-
Si imperiis mowinaaRmdeged an, umjobes SemTxvevaSi, indi-
ferentul faqtorad gvevlineba.
miuxedavad mwvave winaaRmdegobebisa, imperia mainc
dgas, sanam mpyrobel ers samxedro uZlevelobis, daumar-
cxeblobis rwmena gaaCnia, rac pirveli seriozuli damar-
cxebisTanave sustdeba da sruliad qarwyldeba ramode-
nime samxedro marcxis Sedegad. esec ZiriTadad, „babilo-
nis godolis~ kompleqsiT aris xolme gamowveuli. uZle-
velobis rwmenis dakargvas mosdevs imperiuli ambicia,
samxedro avantiurebiT aRadginos velikoderJavnuli
suli adamianebSi, xalxebSi da es TiTqmis yovelTvis ki-
dev marcxiT mTavrdeba, radgan, rogorc wesi, muSti kriv-
ze susti iwevs da ara Zlieri. aq marTebulia, aRiniSnos,
Tu rogor moinadirebian imperiebi, rogor da, razedac
maimunis monadirebis cnobili xerxia dafuZnebuli: qo-
qosSi keTdeba mcire ram naxvreti, Sig Caideba gafxekili
surnelovani stafilos naWeri. surnelebiT mityuebuli
maimuni xels hyofs naxvretSi, CabRujavs stafilos na-
Wers, magram ZlivsZlivobiT Cateuli xeli, muStad Sek-
ruli, zemoT veRar amidis. qoqosi mkvidrad aris dabmu-
li, maimuns muStis gaSla azradac ar mosdis — moipova!
amis Semdeg monadires auRelveblad mihyavs maimuni. „Ca-
Widebis refleqsma~ imuSava! moviyvane CenTvis cnobili
da mofiqrebuli mizezebi imperiaTa rRvevisa, ris vadac
xuTi-eqvsi saukune davasaxeleT. axla gamonaklisebisac
vTqvaT. rac iqve wesis dadasturebadac vaRiarebT., mag-
ram aRvniSnoT am gamonaklisTa mizezebic bizantiisa da

184
ruseTis imperiebis magaliTze. bizantiis imperiam aTas
welze gacilebiT meti xnis manZilze iarseba da ara,
vTqvaT, xuTasi Tu eqvsasi wlis farglebSi, rogorc misma
analogebma.
vfiqrob, es imiT unda aixsnebodes, rom bizantia
ideologiis, kerZod marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoebis
emisioneri iyo, anu Tavisi istoriuli funqciis realiza-
cias axdenda, magram konstantinepolis dacemamdec ki mi-
si xsenebuli funqcia ruseTs hqonda miTvisebuli Crdi-
loeTSi da wina aRmosavleTSi — saqarTvelos.
bizantiis imperia katakliturad ar daRupula, ro-
gorc amas avtorTa umravlesoba qadagebs, aramed sibe-
riT mokvda, sulieri funqciis dakargvis gamo miicvala.
ruseTis SemTxvevaSi saqme ramdenadme gansxvavebulia.
leninma, eWvs gareSea, icoda ruseTis imperiis kanonzomi-
eri daSlis aucilebloba.
man icoda isic, rom rRvevisa da danawevrebis proce-
sis gadavadeba, axali imperiis mxolod romelime axali
ideoligiiT datvirTviT, misTvis emisioneris funqciis
miniWebiT iyo SesaZlebeli da aki Caudo kidevac jibeSi
rusebs da ararusebs „marqsistur-leninuri~ ideologia,
sawer magidaze SeTxzuli moZRvreba. am ideologias amTa-
viTve etyoboda, rom fuWi iyo da misma avtorma aki daiz-
Rvia kidevac Tavi amiT, rom viTomda sxvaTaSiris sTqva, —
Tu komunistur sazogadoebas ver SevqmniT, amosaval po-
ziciaze, anu kapitalizmze dabrunebaSi xom xels verafe-
ri SegviSliso? saxeldobr, amas saqmoben dRevandeli ru-
seTis imperiis mamebi da sruliad egulvebelhyofen im
garemoebas, rom qoqosis kakalSi aqvT Sekruli muSti. ru-
seTis imperiis finali iseTive iqneba, rogoric sxva impe-

185
riebisa iyo. mgonia, TiTqmis darwmunebuli var, finals
dRevandeli axali Taoba moeswreba.
– raze ocnebob, rogori azris xar saqarTvalos si-
namdvilesa da momavalze? – ocnebas didi xania, Tavi miva-
nebe. mware realisti, metic, TiTqmis pragmatisti gaxla-
varT. rac moqmedebas Seexeba, SesaZleblobebisamebr vmu-
Saob samSoblosTvis da, razomc xe da gonmewifeba, vcdi-
lob kidec xeli SevaSvelo saqarTvelos gasaWiridan Ta-
vis daRwevis saqmes, Cveni teritoriuli da zneobriv-eTi-
kuri mTlianibis aRdgenas. Cvens sruliad saqarTvelos
sazogadoebaSi adamiani aramarto SekiTxvaTa generato-
ria, aramed azrTa winaaRmdegobrivi sxvadasxvaobisac.
rasac advilad SeuZlia, qaosis mdgomareobaSi amoa-
yofinos Tavi sazogadoebas. ai, magaliTad, adgilobrivi
TviTmmarTvelobis, gubernatorebisa da qalaqTa merebis
arCeviTobis problema. rogori Sefaseba movceT maT po-
zicias, visac vinc arCeviTobis aucileblobas qadagebs?
nuTu ar esmiT, ra mohyveba amas! cnobilia, saqarTvelos
teritoria mniSvnelobanwilad ramodenime araqartveli
xalxiT aris dasaxlebuli, ZiriTadad sxva qveynebTan mo-
mijnave raionebSi. aseTi regionebis gubernatorebis ar-
CeviToba garduvalad migviyvans iqamde, airCeva iqauri
mosaxleobis warmomadgeneli. sul male gamoCndeba Savi
Zala, romelic waaqezebs gubernators da mis eTnoss se-
paratizmisken, yvela aqedan gamomdinare SedegebiTurT.
opozicias Tavi ise uWiravs, viTom amis gamocdileba ar
gagvaCnia, ar esmodeT, Tu rogori Sedegebi mohyveba
problemis aseT gadawyvetas. ra davarqvaT yovelive amas,
mkiTxvelma Tqvas.
aq sxva araferia, Tu ar brZola SevardnaZis winaaR-

186
mdeg, qaosis gamowvevis xerxiT misi Tavidan moSorebis
wyurvili. risTvis vcdilob kidev? ekonomika saR fexze
unda wamoimarTos, raTa mosaxleoba samuSao adgilebiT
uzrunvelhyos. es ki saarsebi minimumiT uzrunvelyofas
niSnavs. amaSi gadamwyveti roli SeiZleba, Seasrulos,
aramarto, navTobsadenma da terminalma, aramed, umTav-
resad navTobisa da airis mopovebis problemam, rac, Ta-
vis mxriv, normaluri energetikuli bazis Seqmnas uzrun-
velyofs. vcdilob xeli SevaSvelo samas aTasze meti ad-
gilgadanacvlebuli piris samSoblo adgilebSi dabrune-
bis problemas. isini unda daubrundnen Tavis saxl-kars,
miwasa da qonebas, romelsac jer kidev winaprebma Cauya-
res safuZveli. es yvelaze mZime problemaa. dRevandeli
Tbilisi magonebs periods, roca soflidan gamoqceuli
mosaxleoba dedaqalaqs moawyda da Zirfesvianad Secvala
Tbilisis saxe.
mjera, ualternativo prezidents, baton eduard Se-
vardnaZes, eyofa gamocdileba, unari, nebisyofa da ta-
lanti, rom bolomde miiyvanos axali, demokratiuli da-
moukidebeli saqarTvelos aRmSenebloba. mTavaria, say-
rdenma ar uRalatos. xalxmac unda gamoiCinos simtkice,
erTsulovneba da goniereba. Tu es moxda, gamarjveba ga-
rantirebulia.
– ra azris xar ruseT-saqarTvelos urTierTobebze?
– am sakiTxs me sakmarisad Sevexe avtointervius im
nawilSi, sadac imperiebze vsaubrobdi. davsZen mxolod,
rom dRevandeli ruseTis xelmZRvaneloba yvela xerxiT
cdilobs, aRadginos imperia Tavisi Zveli parametrebiT
da, ra Tqma unda, ver urigdeba imperiis saboloo likvi-
daciis perspeqtivas. saqarTvelos mosadrekad ras aRar

187
kisruloben. dawyebuli somxebis kbilebamde SeiaraRe-
biT, ro SiSi hqondes ruseTis mier waqezebuli mezobli-
sa, da savizo reJimis SemoRebiTa Tu airis miwodebis Sew-
yvetiT damTavrebuli.
jer marto is rad Rirs, rom gaeros uSiSroebis sab-
Wos sakuTar kriWad iyenebs da yvela CvenTvis sasargeb-
lo rezoluciis winaaRmdeg ilaSqrebs. aRaras vityvi af-
xazeTis mimarT dauokebel madianobaze. erTaderTi Cveni
sasoeba is aris, rom ruseTs muSti qoqosis kakalSi aqvs,
magram amis Semdeg ramdeni dro dasWirdeba, RmerTma
icis!
– da bolos, rogor moiqceodi, sicocxlis Tavidan
gamovla rom dagWirveboda. 1944 wlis 10 aprils troikis
Tavmjdomarem, gvarad burdulma, mkiTxa:
– rom gagaTavisufloT, rogor moiqceviTo.
– ar davfiqrebulvar, mivuge:
– rogorc aqamde moviqeci. isev ise-meTqi. me ar mive-
kuTvnebi im adamianTa ricxvs, visac sakuTari warsulis
mimarT sinanuli awamebs. vicxovre, rogorc maRalma
RmerTma ineba, ise. bedisweriT kmayofili var, Tumca, Se-
saZloa, cxovrebas ukeTesi mimarTuleba mieRo.
eg ari. es „ukeTesi~ rogori iqneboda, warmodgenili
vera maqvs. saerTod ras niSnavs ukeTesoba? me arasodes
mqonia didi mada da moTxovnilebebi. kmayofili viyavi da
var amiT, rasac RmerTi imetebs. didxans vicocxle. bevri
vnaxe. miutevebeli codvebi ar madevs.
mtrebi myolia, myavs amJamadac, magram isini Cemze
sustebi iyvnen da arc axla arian „yaramanebi~. pativis-
mcemlebi mudam myavda, axlac myavs da darwmunebuli var,
sikvdilis Semdegac meyoleba. gavaCine da gavzarde eqvsi

188
Svili. davrge ocdaaTamde xe. myavda da myavs erTguli me-
gobrebi.
davwere da vwer rac SevZeli. Tu xelaxla momiwia
cxovrebis dawyeba, axals arafers vizam — vcxovrob, ro-
gorc vicxovre.
– sul bolos, Seni SemoqmedebiTi laboratoriis ga-
mo ras ityvi? – vwer nela da Znelad, magram sada, advili
eniT, SesaZleblobisda mixedviT — gasagebad rTulsa da
xeluxlebel Temebze.
viwyeb weras mxolod mas mere, roca wigns mTlianad
davinaxav, da im nawyvetiT, romelic im momentSi mexasia-
Teba. gadavdeb da wavikiTxav mxolod oriod kviris Sem-
deg. an „Wkuaze moviyvan~, an kalaTaSi Cavyri. gamovtyde-
bi, uaryofa iSviaTad xdeba. xelnawers aravis vumalav.
yovelTvis mainteresebs sxvaTa azri, ama Tu im mcire naW-
ris gamoc ki. rogorc vTqvi, ganwyobilebis mixedviT vwer
wignis nawilebs. es SesaZloa, finalic iyos. roca es naw-
yvetebi dawerilia, ai, maSin iwyeba yvelaze rTuli samu-
Sao — kompozicia, anu am naWrebis erT wignad Sekvra, muSa-
oba masalis swor ganlagebaze, erTobliobad qceva. mov-
rCi Cems avtointervius!~
am fraziT asrulebs batoni Wabua Tavis avtointer-
vius, romelic iZleva saSualebas axlodan davinaxoT da
TanavugrZnoT, SeviswavloT da davufiqrdeT, gaviazroT
da warmovidginoT, mivwvdeT da avmaRldeT, Tu saWiroa
ganvicadoT da gavizardoT kidec iseT adamianTa avtoin-
terviuebze, romelTa filosofiur-fsiqologiur-pro-
fesiul naazrev-naambob-gadmocemuls seriozuli CaR-
rmaveba da dafiqreba sWirdeba. am avtointerviuSi bato-
ni Wabua saubrobs imperiebis bedze, mohyavs magaliTebi
msoflio imperiaTa istoriebidan, aCvenebs imperiaTa sa-

189
boloo beds. moyvanili magaliTebiT amtkicebs pirad Se-
xedulebaTa sisworesa da samarTlianobas, dasturad da
dokumentad eWvebis gasaqarwyleblad, aseve sainteresoa
Wabuaseuli filosofia saqarTvelos awmyosa da moma-
valze, rodesac msjelobs maimunis monadirebis cnobil
xerxze: `qoqosSi keTdeba mcire ram naxvreti, Sig Caideba
gafxekili surnelovani stafilos naWeri. surnelebiT
mityuebuli maimuni xels hyofs naxvretSi, CabRujavs
stafilos naWers, magram ZlivsZlivobiT Cateuli xeli,
muStad Sekruli, zemoT veRar amodis. qoqosi mkvidrad
aris dabmuli, maimuns muStis gaSla azradac ar mosdis —
moipova! amis Semdeg monadires auRelveblad mihyavs mai-
muni. „CaWidebis refleqsma~ imuSava!~. es iseTi filoso-
fiaa, romelic nebismier epoqaSi, nebismieri qveynis gan-
viTarebis nebismier etapze muSaobs, magram amas `sxva
Tvali da yuri~ sWirdeba, romelsac mkiTxvelis goneba,
yuri da Tvalic unda miswvdes. Tu ar miswvda da ar daina-
xa, maSin azri aRara aqvs. erTi sityviT, gansakuTrebiT
avtoritetul, cnobil, gamoCenil, saxelovan mamuliS-
vilTa avtointerviu saintereso asaxvis formaa da iZle-
va saSualebas pirovnebis `oqros fondi~ Riad warmoaCi-
nos. kidev imis SesaZlebloba, rom nebismieri saxis in-
terviu Jurnalistis `gemovnebisa~ da profesionalizmi-
dan gamomdinare igeba, Tundac Sendeba da ar aris gamo-
ricxuli, rom bevri ram ama Tu im respondentis cxovre-
bidan Tu saqmianobidan (mravali faqti da detali) gaux-
maurebeli, aRunusxavi, SeumCnevelic darCes. amitom av-
tointerviu swored iseTi faqtebisa da detalebis ga-
momzeurebas emsaxureba, rac yvelaze metad `awuxebs~ ama
Tu im pirovnebas. amis mravali magaliTi da faqti arse-
bobs cnobil mweralTa, filosofosTa, politikosTa da
sxvaTa cxovrebidan. amdenad, es forma gamosaxvisa, mar-

190
Talia jer kidev ar aris mZlavrad fexmokidebuli Jur-
nalistur sivrceSi, magram, samomavlod, vfiqrobT (misi
Sinagani unikalurobisa da simdidris gamo) erT-erTi
yvelaze gavleniani da saintereso asaxvis formad dam-
kvidrdeba da amisaTvis swored Jurnalisturma SesaZ-
leblobebma, Tundac filosofiam, gadamwyveti roli un-
da Seasrulos.

literatura:

1. burusi.wordpress.com

interviu komentari

komentari intervius erT-erTi saintereso saxea,

romelic saSualebas aZlevs respondents pasuxi gasces
dasmul SekiTxvas da mxolod im konkretuli TematikiT
Semoifarglos, rac im momentisaTvis ainteresebs Jur-
nalists, anu sazogadoebas. samoqalaqo ganaTlebis leq-
sikonis mixedviT komentarSi igulisxmeba `SeniSvnebi,
Canawerebi, ganmartebebi 1. raime teqstis ganmarteba; 2.
raimeze kritikuli, ganmartebiTi SeniSvnebi, msjelo-
ba~. amdenad komentari Cveulebriv sakiTxis aqtualobi-
dan da problematikidan gamomdinare dargis specialis-
tis mxridan unda keTdebodes. Tu politikur sakiTxs
exeba, Sesabamisad politikosis komentaria saWiro, ro-
melsac esmis saqmis arsi da mokled da amomwuravad pa-
suxobs Jurnalistis SekiTxvas ise, rom yvelaferi gasa-
gebia. Tu sakiTxi kulturas exeba, Sesabamisad Jurna-
listic kulturis sferos kompetenturi warmomadgen-
lis komentariT unda dakavdes da ara rigiTi moyvaru-

191
lisa. asea nebismier dargTan mimarTebaSi. magaliTad,
rodesac ganxilvisa da diskusiis sagans warmoadgens
soflis meurneobisa da sursaTis sakiTxebi, romelic
dargSi arsebul seriozul problematikas exeba da mas-
ze komentars Cveulebrivi rigiTi diletanti akeTebs,
ubralod uxerxulia. kompetenturi da mniSvnelovani,
sando da damajerebeli — es is argumentebia, romlebsac
komentirebisas sakmaod didi wona aqvs. aqedan gamomdi-
nare, sainteresoa sagazeTo, radio da telekomentare-
bi. is, rom gasagebi, martivi da naTeli ena, azris sicxa-
de da lakonuroba, daxvewili da saqmiani winadadebebi
aucilebeli faqtoria komentirebisa, amaze aravin da-
vobs. komentaris, gansakuTrebiT satelevizio — gakeTe-
bisas, yvelaze mniSvnelovani komponentia lakonuroba,
anu erT-or mokle frazaSi mesijis Camoyalibebis unari
da SesaZlebloba. rogorc aRvniSneT, gasaTvaliswinebe-
lia masobriv sainformacio saSualebaTa sfecifika, ro-
melic Seexeba saeTero droisa da sagazeTo farTis de-
ficits. komentaris gakeTebisas respondenti maqsima-
lurad unda cdilobdes iyos zedmiwevniT zusti da an-
gariSgasawevi, raTa ar moxdes ise, rom mis mier gakeTe-
buli komentari Semdgom Jurnalistis mier `daiCexos~
da dakargos originaluri stili. swored es originalu-
ri stilia upirvelesad SesanarCunebeli komentirebi-
sas, radganac komentaris erT-erT niSandobliv sfeci-
fikas swored stilis Taviseburebac gansazRvravs. Jur-
nalists kargad unda esmodes, rom mokle da vrceli ko-
mentirebisas mTavari yuradReba gadatanili unda iyos
saTqmelis ZiriTad Sinaarsze da yvela SemTxvevaSi kom-
petenturoba da azris sicxade umTavres komponents un-
da warmoadgendes. Jurnalists ufleba aqvs cotaTi Sek-
vecos saTqmeli, rodesac is vrcelia da ar exeba Ziri-
Tad sakiTxs, romelic mocemul SemTxvevaSi yvelaze me-

192
tad ainteresebs sazogadoebas. komentirebisas aseve
mniSvnelovania respondentis niWiereba da gamorCeuli
xasiaTi, analizis unari, aseve sazogadoebrivi `cnoba-
doba~ gansakuTrebiT maSin, rodesac sakiTxi romelime
arc Tu metad mniSvnelovan, magram sakmaod gaxmaure-
bul faqts Seexeba.
mag. kviris palitra-27-05-2014 exmaureba nacmoZ-
raobis cnobili wevrebis erT-erT kafeSi cemis faqts.
sainteresoa am  Temaze    mweral  irakli kakabaZis komen-
tari: — uimeeee, rogor Wiqis TavSi Cartyma akadres
zuras?! Tu gaqvT informacia, namdvilad Cais Wiqa Ca-
artyes Tu romelime organo?! Tqven rogor fiqrobT,
WiaberaSvili xelis dartymas imsaxurebs Tu rame sxva
organos?
– Cemi azri naklebad sainteresoa mkiTxvelisaT-
vis...
– me am faqtze Zalian mokle komentars gavakeTeb:
uimeeeee, vaimeeeee. ladaria da WiaberaSvili rac uf-
ro xSirad ityvian uimes da vaimes, ufro male gamojan-
mrTeldebian. am ori sityviT amovwurav Cems SeSfoTe-
bas am faqtze. gansakuTrebiT ladariaze meqneba aseTi
reaqcia: ui — meeeeeeee~.
aseve sainteresoa jandacvis ministris komentari,
rodesac sakiTxi Seexeboda sasjelaRsrulebis depar-
tamentSi gacemul maRal premiebs.
`kviris palitra~ 16 -05— 2014 saxelmwifo uwyebeb-
Si premiebis sistema unificirdeba. amis Sesaxeb jan-
dacvis ministrma, daviT sergeenkom sasjelaRsrule-
bis departamentSi gacemuli maRali premiebis komen-
tirebisas ganacxada. `premiebTan mimarTebaSi ukve
dawyebulia muSaoba, magram ara am SemTxvevis gamo.
vmuSaobT, rom SemoRebul iqnas unificirebuli premi-
193
ebis sistema, sadac Cadebuli iqneba logika — maqsima-
luri zeda zRvari. imedi maqvs, rom am proceduras uk-
ve male miviRebT. es iqneba imis analogi, rac iyo adre,
avtomanqanebis SemTxvevaSi~, — ganacxada sergeenkom da
imedi gamoTqva, rom premiebis gacemis moqmedi sistema
male dasruldeba.
am patara komentarSi sergeenko cdilobs daicvas
obieqturoba, iyos saqmiani, kompetenturi, amave dros
samarTliani, aseve miukerZoebeli, radganac kargad es-
mis, rom misi mxridan romelime mimarTulebiT mikerZo-
eba morigi disbalansis, aJiotaJisa da miTqma-moTqmis
sababi gaxdeba. komentarSi Jurnalisti cdilobs sazo-
gadoebas aCvenos sxvadasxva kompetentur pirTa naaz-
revi konkretul sakiTxebze. aseTi damokidebuleba am-
yarebs sazogadoebaSi damkvidrebul Sexedulebas da
xels uwyobs misi sasurveli mimarTulebiT warmarTvas.

literatura:

1. samoqalaqo ganaTlebis leqsikoni

2. kviris palitra-27-05-2014
3. `kviris palitra~ 16 -05— 2014

interviu dialogi

interviu dialogis forma, saxelwodebidan gamom-

dinare, bunebrivia, ori an ramodenime subieqtis sau-
bars gulisxmobs. dialogis warmatebulad warmarTva
orTave subieqtis — interviuerisa da respondentis
momzadebaze da profesionalizmzea damokidebuli. Tu
Jurnalisti momzadebulia da kargad erkveva im sakiT-

194
xSi, rac mocemul SemTxvevaSi mas yvelaze metad ainte-
resebs, respondenti masTan saubarSi Tavs advilad ver
daiZvrens da iolad fons ver gava. amitomac aseT Sem-
TxvevebSi, yoveli respondenti windawin ecnoba Jurna-
listis interesis sagans da cdilobs saTanadod Seafa-
sos Jurnalistis profesiuli SesaZlebloba da saTana-
dod emzadeba kidec interviusaTvis. Jurnalists aseve
kargad unda axsovdes, rom respondenti aseve cdilobs
gaigos TiToeuli Jurnalistis kiTxvebis dasmis teqno-
logia, piradi ganwyoba, xasiaTi da Tvisebebic ki, raTa
man moaxerxos intervius Tavis `sasargeblod~ warmar-
Tva. Jurnalisti aseve kargad unda icnobdes informa-
ciis im oficialur Tu anonimur wyaroebs (amgvar deta-
lebze, SesaZloa, naklebad iyos informirebuli sazoga-
doeba, magram misTvis aseTi wyaroebi advilad unda
iSifrebodes), romlebsac is daeyrdnoba. aqedan gamom-
dinare, Jurnalistma winaswar unda gansazRvros, Tu ra
tipis SekiTxvebi SeiZleba dausvaT respondents da ra
mimarTulebidan unda elodos kontrSekiTxvebs. Tu
Jurnalisti respondentisgan raime provokacias elis,
SesaZlebelia interviusaTvis SekiTxvebi winaswar weri-
lobiT miawvdinoT da zog SemTxvevaSi, pasuxebic weri-
lobiT miiRoT. Tumca, gacilebiT cocxali interviu
dilogis Sedegad miiRweva. Tu Jurnalisti susti inter-
viueria, es momenti SesaZloa respondentis sasargeb-
lod iqnas gamoyenebuli da SekiTxvebze pasuxebi im mi-
marTulebiT gaices, romelic respondentisaTvis iqneba
erTgvarad momgebiani. garda SekiTxvebze pasuxebis ga-
cemisa, am dros SesaZloa is informaciac, an mesijic
`gamostyuoT~, romlis tiraJireba Jurnalistis inte-
resSia. aseT SemTxvevebSi intervius Jurnalisti mar-
Tavs, rogorc wesi, da ara — Tavad respondenti. Jurna-
lists arasodes unda daaviwydes is, rom interviusTvis

195
sasurveli mimarTulebis micema maSinac ki SeuZlia, ro-
ca respondenti cdilobs gaeqces dasmul kiTxvas da
kontrSekiTxvebis dasmis teqnologiis gamoyenebiT sau-
bari sxva Temaze gadaitanos.
enciklopediuri leqsikonis mixedviT `TiTqmis
2000 wlis winaT Zvelma berZenma filosofosebma Seq-
mnes adamianis urTierTobis mniSvnelovani forma — di-
alogi, im mizniT, rom urTierTsawinaaRmdego mosaz-
rebebis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, iolad moeZebnaT simar-
Tlis miRwevis saukeTeso gzebi. dialogi aTenis sazo-
gadoebisaTvis urTierTobis saukeTeso forma gaxda.
urTierTobis am formam xeli Seuwyo pirveli demok-
ratiis ganviTarebas. kerZod, mTavroba, politikuri
da sazogadoebrivi sakiTxebis gadaWrisas, xelmZRvane-
lobda dialogis gziT miRweuli SedegebiT. dialogis
saSualebiT gadawyvetilebis miReba bevri kulturi-
saTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli. magaliTad, saqarTveloSi
amis magaliTs e.w. `xevisberis instituti~ warmoadgen-
da. xevisberi sazogadoebisaTvis mniSvnelovan sakiT-
xebs Temis winaSe waradgenda, imarTeboda dialogi da
amis Semdeg iRebdnen gadawyvetilebas. amerikis revo-
luciis wina periodSi arsebobda `qalaqis Sekrebebis~
tradicia, sadac ixilavdnen problemebs, marTavdnen
dialogs alternatiul sakiTxebze da iRebdnen gadaw-
yvetilebas.~ sabiblioTeko terminebis ganmartebiTi
leqsikonis mixedviT ki literaturuli nawarmoebi an
misi nawili, romelic dawerilia saubris formiT; saga-
zeTo-saJurnalo Janri. Cven gvainteresebs dialogi,
rogorc sagazeTo-sJurnalo Janri da amitomac maga-
liTebi Sesabamisad qarTuli gazeTebidan mogvyavs: 05-
05-2013`,kviris palitra~, manana gabriWiZis publikaci-
idan `msurs, axali xelisufleba adamianis uflebebs

196
icavdes~. `cnobili qarTveli msaxiobi — rezo CxikviS-
vili germaniaSi cxovrobs da moRvaweobs. igi qalaq
esenis dramatuli Teatris wamyvani msaxiobia... baton
rezos samSoblos nostalgia gansakuTrebiT awuxebs
da Cvens qveyanaSi mimdinare movlenebs didi yuradRe-
biT adevnebs Tvalyurs...
– xandaxan marTla sizmarSi mgonia Tavi. iseTi Seg-
rZneba maqvs, TiTqos guSin Camovedi, arada, germaniaSi
`stumroba~ 19 weli gamigrZelda... es SegrZneba sul
maqvs, magram samwuxarod dro Zalian male garbis. Cem-
Tvis rac bolo wlebSi dadebiTi moxda, is aris, rom
qarTvelebiT Seivso qalaqebi. aq qarTuli skolaa, ek-
lesiaa... gvaqvs saSualeba, Cveni suliereba da TviTmyo-
fadoba SevinarCunoT. didi monatreba, rac samSoblos
mimarT mqonda, cota Seminelda, radgan dRe ar gava,
qarTveli ar vnaxo, an qarTvelma ar damirekos... Tqveni
darekvac imitom ar gamkvirvebia.
– saqarTveloSi bevri ram Seicvala... rogor afa-
sebT mimdinare movlenebs? – me vfiqrob, rom Teatrali
var, romelsac samSoblo uyvars, magram politikaSi ar
verevi... Tumca, aucileblad unda vTqva, rom saqarTve-
los momavals imedis TvaliT vuyureb... minda mjero-
des, rom rac kargi gakeTda wina xelisuflebis dros, is
unda gagrZeldes da rac gamosasworebelia, unda ga-
moswordes. mjera, Cemi qveyana aRmavlobis gzas daadge-
ba.
– konkretulad ras miiCnevT sikeTed, rac wina xe-
lisuflebis dros gakeTda? – wina xelisuflebis dros
umaRles saswavleblebSi misaRebi gamocdebis refor-
maze kargi mesmoda. Cawyobebi aRar iyo. binis gayidvasa

197
Tu gadaformebaze arsebuli biurokratiuli winaaR-
mdegobebi gaadvilda, infrastruqturaSic iyo Zvrebi,
policiac gamosworda, magram es ar niSnavs, rom me yve-
lafriT kmayofili viyavi.
– Zvirad Rirebuli koncertebi mogwondaT?
– ara, rasakvirvelia. amas verafriT moviwonebdi.
namdvilad gadaWarbebuli iyo. saqarTvelos biujeti-
dan imdeni fulis gadaxda momRerlebis Camosayvanad
ar SeiZleboda. saqarTveloSi imxela niWierebaa, es
momRerlebi aravis gvakvirvebs. imitom ki ar vambob,
rom me evropaSi vcxovrob da bevr rames vxedav, ubra-
lod Zalian mikvirs, saidan gvaqvs amxela niWi. am niWie-
rebas rom gasaqani mieces, mTel msoflios gadavfa-
ravT...
– gamosasworebeli ra aris wina xelisuflebis
mmarTvelobidan? – adamianis uflebebis dacva, biznesi,
ekonomika unda gamoswordes. ra Tqma unda, sasamarTlo
sfero unda gaumjobesdes. amisTvis ki vfiqrob, profe-
sionalTa gundi unda hyavdes baton biZinas.
– ruseT-saqarTvelos urTierTobasTan dakavSi-
rebiT ras ityodiT... qarTvel xelovanTa nawili fiq-
robs, rom xelovneba urTierTobas daaTbobs...
– – miWirs amis Tqma, magram kultura ar unda iyos
politikasTan dakavSirebuli. kultura adamianebs
akavSirebs erTmaneTTan. me kulturam Camomiyvana saz-
RvargareT... miuxedavad imisa, rom ruseTi okupantia
da dapyrobili aqvs Cveni teritoriebis nawili, mainc
unda SevecadoT, ruseTTan dialogi gvqondes. diplo-
matiuri ena CemTvis yvelaze misaRebia. kultura da po-
litika absoluturad gamijnuli unda iyos erTmane-

198
Tisgan. – azrTa sxvadasxvaoba mohyva soWis olimpiada-
Si qarTveli sportsmenebis monawileobasac... yofili
xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi acxadeben, rom es
olimpiada putinis piradi ambiciaa...
– msoflio olimpiadaze ruseTs xom ar vejibre-
biT?!.. Cven Cvens SesaZleblobebs msoflios vaCvenebT.
rogorc mogaxseneT, diplomatiuri ena, sporti, kul-
tura absoluturad gamijnuli unda iyos politikis-
gan. xelovanebisa da sportsmenebis wasvla tragedia
namdvilad ar aris, piriqiT. ar mgonia, rusi xalxi ise
fiqrobdes, rogorc putini. ruseTs uyvars Cveni kul-
tura, iseve, rogorc Cven gviyvars rusuli. rusi eri ar
aris dampyrobeli da okupanti. dampyrobelia ruseTis
mTavroba, vladimer putini da misi politika... xalxma
ra daaSava, an Cven ra davaSaveT, an afxazeTma ra daaSava
CvenTan?! es aris cudi politikis brali. Cemi azriT,
Cveni xelovnebiT davanaxvebT maT, rom ar varT omis
momxre, piriqiT, megobroba, siyvaruli da siamtkbilo-
ba gvsurs. SeiZleba am dros kulturamac ki politiku-
ri mniSvnelobis gavlena moaxdinos.
— jer cota dro gavida, magram axali xelisufle-
bis mier gadadgmuli nabijebidan ra mogwonT?
– namdvilad naadrevia amaze msjeloba. ra Tqma un-
da, aravis winaaRmdegi var da yvelafer axals mivesal-
mebi. yvela xelisuflebis mmarTvelobisas vambob, rom
jer kargi davinaxoT da Semdeg cudi. vxedavdiT, rom
saqarTvelo gaxleCili iyo ori politikuri Zalis da-
pirispirebiT da es unda dasruldes. yvelaze metad
msurs, axali xelisufleba adamianis uflebebs icavdes,
rac wina xelisuflebis dros ar SeimCneoda. me mjera,

199
rom Cemi qveyana aRmavlobisken wava, mTavaria moTmine-
ba, yvelaferi erT wuTSi ver Seicvleba. saqarTvelo ar
aris iseTi Zlieri qveyana, rom im politikiT da im re-
sursebiT, rac gaaCnia, uceb fexze wamodges~...

literatura:

1. enciklopediuri leqsikoni
2. sabiblioTeko terminebis ganmartebiTi leqsikoni
3. 05-05-2013`,kviris palitra~

interviu monologi

interviu monologi erT-erTi saintereso da ga-

morCeuli formaa intervius sxva saxeebs Soris da mas
mxolod respondenti warmarTavs Jurnalistis mier
dasmuli erTi konkretuli sakiTxis irgvliv. sakiTxi,
romliTac Jurnalisti interesdeba, marTalia zoga-
dad erT kiTxvas moicavs, magram SinaarsiTa da mniSvne-
lobiT cotaTi erTgvarad datvirTulia da mravali
SesaZlo sxva saintereso kiTxvebis qveteqstebisaganac
Sedgeba. amdenad interviu monologi xandaxan komen-
tarsac waagavs, Tumca, komentarisgan gansxvavebiT, is
ufro vrcelia, masStaburi da yovlismomcveli. sakiT-
xis irgvliv amomwurav pasuxs iZleva da tovebs iseT
STabeWdilebas, rodesac pasuxi naTeli, saintereso da
damajerebelia. marTalia aseT dros wyaroebis moSve-
liebiT respondenti `Tavs ar iwuxebs~, magram monolo-
gis mTavari niSa — maqsimaluri gulwrfeloba da gu-
laxdiloba, — is surnelia, rodesac monologis forma
intervius JanrSi mimzidvel saxes iZens da auditoria

200
pozitiurad ganewyoba kidec Sesabamisi informaciis
miwodebisas. rogoria misi warmarTvis forma da Sina-
arsi? Zalze martivi: monologis forma gamoricxavs
Jurnalistis aqtiur Carevas intervius procesSi, Tum-
ca es ar niSnavs imas, rom yvelaferi wesrigSia da res-
pondents rac moesurveba, imas ilaparakebs. Jurnalis-
tis mTavari mizania mis mier miwodebuli informacia
mkiTvelma waikiTxos, xolo mayurebelma moisminos da
naxos is, razec konkretul SemTxvevaSi respondenti
saubrobs. aqedan gamomdinare, unda gaiTvalos inter-
viu monologi mkiTxvelsa da mayurebelze da iseT Te-
mas Seexebodes, romlisadmi interesi sazogadoebis
mxridan namdvilad arsebobs da elodeba kidec sazoga-
doebis garkveuli nawili am Temaze cnobili da saqmeSi
Caxeduli adamianisagan kompetentur azrs-axsnils ub-
ralo, gasageb enaze, ara mtkicebiT formaSi, aramed
dinji, Tavisufali, naTeli, gulwrfeli saubriTa da
damajerebeli toniT. saubris gadmocemis aseTma for-
mam sazogadoebis interesis mipyroba unda SeZlos. am
SemTxvevaSi problemebisTvis gverdis avla gamosavali
namdvilad ar aris. piriqiT, monologma Tavad unda Sei-
Tavsos Jurnalistis funqcia da saubarSi respondents
unda mieces saSualeba kiTxvis, an kontrargumentis sa-
xiT TviTon wamoWras is aqtualuri sakiTxebi, romelic
ZiriTad saTqmels ukavSirdeba da sazogadoebaSi musi-
rebs. ganmartebiTi leqsikonis mixedviT 1.monologi
dialogis sapirispiro formaa. monologis arsi is aris,
rom erTi pirovneba (pedagogi, momxsenebeli) xangrZli-
vad saubrobs sakiTxze, xolo msmeneli (moswavle) aris
informaciis pasiuri mimRebi. momxsenebeli SeiZleba
iyenebdes TvalsaCinoebas da sxva damatebiT masalas,
magram ar cdilobdes msmenelis aqtiur CarTvas infor-
maciis gadacemis procesSi. 2. monologos, monos erTi +
201
logos sityva. vrceli sityva, romliTac piri mimarTavs
Tavis Tavs an msmenelebs (mayurebels)(7-1). ucxo sit-
yvaTa leqsikoni ki monologs ase ganmartavs: `vrceli
sityva, romliTac dramatuli nawarmoebis (agreTve
sxva literaturuli nawarmoebis) personaJi mimarTavs
Tavis Tavs, sxva moqmed pirebs an mayurebels~(8-1).
29-04-2013, gazeTi `kviris palitra~, zviad sexniaS-
vilis publikaciidan `damigdeT yuri, babua, uyureT
RmerTsa, ra uyos mtersa!..~
`masze legendebi dadioda. man jer kidev sabWoTa
kavSiris dros, rodesac pirjvris gadawerac ki did
vaJkacobad iTvleboda, itvirTa piligrimoba da 37-jer
Camovida quTaisidan TbilisSi fexiT. `sadac damiRam-
deboda, iq wamovwvebodi, babua, ar meSinoda arafris,
arc fuli mqonda da arc vali. davdiodi ase da vqada-
gebdi uflis sityvaso..~.
misi gamonaTqvamebi xalxSi elvis siswrafiT
vrceldeboda da mowameTaSi, sadac mama giorgi moRva-
weobda, ar ileoda masTan mimsvleli arasdros. ras
aRar sTxovdnen, gamojanmrTelebas, Sewevnas, gasaWiri-
dan daxsnas Tu maTi sulebisTvis locvas... is yvelas
Rirseulad iRebda da istumrebda. misi Rirsebis xaz-
gasmuli dasturi ki is iyo, rom TviT avi ganzraxviT
masTan misuli adamianebic ki imedcemulni brundebod-
nen, sinanuliT savseni, rom am saocar moZRvars aqamde
ar icnobdnen...
mas giorgi erqva, mama giorgi (basilaZe) yvelas
imedi da Wiris moziare, romelmac gasul kviras daas-
rula miwieri sicocxle da zeciur saqarTveloSi mie-
axla sulkurTxeul winaprebs, rogorc Rirseuli da

202
valmoxdili sulieri mama, aRsrulebis Semdegac rom
arasodes miatovebs Tavis Svilebs da samSoblos. pirve-
lad am xuTiode wlis win gavicani mama giorgi. ucxoe-
Tidan gzavnilis mitana mTxoves masTan da saxlSi ves-
tumre. dResac maxsovs is mRelvareba, rodesac misi
saxlis kari SevaRe sofel WognarSi. ijda RumelTan,
lampiT mkrTalad ganaTebul oTaxSi, magram Tavad ana-
Tebda kaci(!). Zalauneburad daviCoqe da xelze mTxveva
davapire. Tvalebi gadamibriala: — adeqi zeze, ras kad-
rulob, Tu icio... mere saocrad Tbilad gamiRima da
miTxra: — modi qiziyelo, TiTo Wiqa avwioT da im saqar-
Tvelos sadRegrZelo davlioT, me da Sen rom gvindao...
mas Semdeg, TiTqmis ar yofila SemTxveva, Wognaris
gadasaxvevTan Camevlo da mama giorgi ar momenaxulebi-
na. is arasodes saubrobda maRalfardovani tiradebiT
anda mecnieruli leqsikiT. is mudam gesaubreboda
`Sens enaze~, ubralod da gasagebad, magram imavdrou-
lad, aucileblad migqonda gancda, rom brZens esaub-
rebodi. ramdenjer yofila SemTxveva, misi saubris de-
talebi gamxsenebia Tveebis Semdeg, zustad iq da im vi-
TarebaSi, rodesac dilemis winaSe vmdgarvar da erTa-
derTi swori gza momiZebnia mama giorgis meSveobiT...
arasodes gamogiSvebda ise, rom ar getrapeza. Tavad
sul odnav moicicqnida mWads da mosvamda Rvinos, Sen
ki sam Wiqas aucileblad dagalevinebda. gaTqmevinebda
uflis sadidebels, dagalocinebda dedaeklesias Cveni
uwmindesi patriarqis winamZRolobiT da samSoblos
sadRegrZelosac Segasmevda. wamosvlisas, aucileblad
gamogatanda pursa da Rvinos. TiTqos naziarebi modio-
di misgan, ganwmendili da imediT savse...

203
 mis saswaulebze bevri laparakobs. Tavad ar uyvarda
amaze saubari, Tumca Tavadac araerTxel Sevswrebivar da
sakuTar Tavze gamomicdia mama giorgis madli. erTxel
studia `guTanis~ biWebi zugdidSi mivdiodiT Cveni fil-
mis prezentaciaze. gzad SevuareT mama giorgis. Tavis se-
nakSi gvixmo, sawolSi iwva. CamovsxediT da Cveulebisa-
mebr dagvmoZRvra. saubari iseTi icoda, ver moswydebodi
verafriT. saaTze rom daviwyeT yureba, gviTxra: — vici,
babua, zugdidSi midixarT, mara meicadeT patara xans, sad
geCqarebaT, gzaze Seferxeba geliT da CemTan saubari ar
girCevniaTo?.. mainc ar daviSaleT, davemSvidobeT da fe-
xi aviCqareT, magram sad waxval, ar iqoqeba manamde idea-
lurad momuSave manqana. gamobrZanda mama giorgi WiSkar-
Si, gadmogvxeda da RimiliT gvkiTxa: — rao babua, ar iqo-
qeba eg manqana xom?.. rom gameiqeciT, rava, ar icodiT, rom
ar gagiSvebdiT upur-marilodo?.. dauZaxa bavSvebs, moar-
benines xelad Rvino da puri, Cagviwyes sabargulSi. gag-
vafrTxila: — sanam saxlSi ar CaxvalT, ar dalioT es Rvi-
noo, mere gadagvsaxa jvari da daiqoqa manqanac(!)... vidre
daviZvrebodiT, mainc gviTxra RimiliT: — gaCerebuliya-
viT kidev patara xans, mainc nela mogiwevT siarulio da
mSvidobis gza gvisurva. ise agixdaT yvelaferi, rogorc
misi naTqvami agvixda gzazec da Rvinozec. jer iyo da qu-
Taisis gzaze raRac velorbola tardeboda da maT vdieT
kus nabijebiT, mere ki ukve zugdididan mobrunebulebma,
rikoTze waxemseba da mama giorgis Rvinis daWaSnikeba mo-
vindomeT, magram vai, amisTana daWaSnikebas, iseTi Zmari
aRmoCnda, yvavs daaCxavlebda. CavasxiT ukanve da gavag-
rZeleT gza. saxlSi misulebma xelaxla gavsinjeT is Rvi-
no da dideba Senda ufalo, ra Zmari, ris Zmari, naRdi Rvi-

204
no ar dagvxvda(!)..
kidev araerTi msgavsi SemTxveva SegviZlia gavixse-
noT, Tumca axla yvelaze metad mama giorgis saocari
sityvebi maxsendeba saqarTveloze, romelmac swored
maSin aavso Cveni gulebi imediTa da siyvaruliT, rode-
sac TiTqmis aRar Canda xsna:
— damigdeT yuri, babua! saqarTvelos gadarCenisa
da gaerTianebis gasaRebs tyuilad daeZebs bevri ameri-
kaSi da bevric ruseTSi, es gasaRebi aqvea, saqarTvelo-
Si da TiToeul qarTvelSi... Cven sazepuro eri varT, sa-
qarTvelo qristes qveyanaa da qriste ar daTmobs mas.
RmerTi msoflios daanaxebs qarTvelebis namdvil saxes
da es male iqneba. saqarTvelo wmindanTa samWedloa, ba-
bua da Cven damxoba ar gviweria... saqarTvelo yvela da-
kargul miwa-wyals daibrunebs, daimaxsovreT es! uyu-
reT RmerTsa, ra uyos mtersa!..~

literatura:

1. ganmartebiTi leqsikoni/erovn. sasw. gegmebisa da Sefase-

bis centri. — [Tb., 2008].
2. ucxo sityvaTa leqsikoni, 1989
3. 29-04-2013, gazeTi `kviris palitra~

interviu diskusia

interviu diskusia urTierTobis Zalze saintereso

forma, ufro zustad ki urTierTobis gansakuTrebuli
xelovnebaa, erTgvari `oqros wesi~, rodesac gesmis raze
da rogor ilaparako, imsjelo, gadmosce da daasabuTo,

205
imetyvelo da iazrovno ise, rom Seqmna ganwyoba, rome-
lic SesabamisobaSi moiyvans auditoriis azrs Sens Sexe-
dulebebTan. diskusias msjelobasac uwodeben. `moxelis
samagido leqsikonis~ mixedviT `discussio ganxilva, gamok-
vleva Sekrebaze, saubarSi, komunikaciis nebismieri saSu-
alebiT raime sakiTxis Sesaxeb ganxilva, kamaTia. xolo
ganmartebiTi leqsikoni, ki diskusias ase ganmartavs:
`wamyvansa da msmenelebs Soris codnis, Sexedulebebisa
da ideebis sityvieri gacvlis procesi. diskusias msje-
lobasac uwodeben. saklaso diskusia exmareba moswavle-
ebs sakiTxis Rrma da detalur ganxilvaSi. kerZod, sakla-
so diskusiis dros iqmneba iseTi atmosfero, romelSic
moswavleebs SeuZliaT azrebis urTierTgaziareba, axali
ideebis gamoTqma, sxvisi azrebis mosmena da gageba, komu-
nikaciis da TviTgamoxatvis unar-Cvevebis gaumjobeseba.
diskusiis warmarTva moiTxovs rogorc diskusiis wamyva-
nis, aseve misi monawileebisagan (1) komunikaciur unar-
Cvevebs, (2) mocemuli sakiTxis codnas, (3) liderobis da
koordinaciis SesaZleblobas, (4) azrebis urTierTgac-
vlas, (5) jgufis, rogorc mTlianis, gaTvaliswinebas da,
Sesabamisad, saWiroebs safuZvlian momzadebas. saklaso
diskusiis momzadebisas maswavlebelma Sesabamisad unda
SearCios diskusiis konkretuli Tema/sakiTxi, romelic
gansxvavebuli mosazrebebis ganviTarebis saSualebas iZ-
leva. aseve, maswavlebelma saklaso diskusiisTvis unda
SearCios Sesabamisi forma (mag. moswavlis prezentacias
mohyveba jgufuri diskusia; moswavleebs micemuli aqvT
wasakiTxi masala da amas mohyveba Semajamebeli prezenta-
cia da klasis diskusia) da fizikuri garemo (mag. wreSi
jdoma diskusiis TiToeul monawiles SesaZleblobas aZ-
levs, ufro advilad daamyaros komunikacia; didi jgu-

206
febi SeiZleba daiyos ufro patara jgufebad da a. S.);
diskusiis mimdinareobis dros maswavlebelma unda gaake-
Tos Semdegi: 1. diskusiis fasilitaciisaTvis Sesabamisi
saklaso garemos Seqmna:
● diskusiis wesebis Camoyalibeba (azris gamoTqmis
wesebi da a.S.)
● ZiriTadi Temebis da terminebis zogadi mimoxilva;
● diskusiasTan dakavSirebuli molodinebis gamoT-
qma;
● diskusiisTvis sakmarisi drois gamoyofa.
2. monawileobis waxaliseba/xelSewyoba:
● moswavleebis dasaintereseblad mastimulirebeli
SekiTxvebis dasma;
● moTxovna, rom moswavleebma mudmivad Seajamon
ganxiluli sakiTxebi;
● kiTxvebis momzadeba da moswavleebisTvis garkveu-
li drois micema, raTa maT winaswar moamzadon pasuxebi
da Semdeg mTel klass warudginon.
3. diskusiis warmarTva da daskvnebis Sejameba:
● moswavleebis waxaliseba, raTa maT gamoTqvan Tavi-
anTi ideebis gamamyarebeli argumentebi;
● Cumi/morcxvi moswavlisaTvis specifikuri dava-
lebis micema, rac xels Seuwyobs mis monawileobas, Car-
Tvas diskusiaSi;
● iseTi moswavlis SezRudva, romelic sxvas ar aZ-
levs azris gamoTqmis saSualebas;
● ganxiluli sakiTxebis Sejameba da ZiriTadi azre-
bis Camoyalibeba; moswavleebis ideebis ganmarteba da
moswavleebisagan damatebiTi komentarebis moTxovna (1-
1)..    media diskusia (sagazeTo, samauwyeblo) exmareba sa-

207
zogadoebas sakiTxis Rrma da detalur ganxilvaSi. ker-
Zod, konkretuli, mniSvnelovani, mtkivneuli, saintere-
so diskusiis dros iqmneba iseTi atmosfero, romelSic
sazogadoebis farTo wreebisaTvis cnobil adamianebs,
dargis specialistebs, eqspertebs an ubralod dainte-
resebul an sulac saqmeSi monawile pirebs SeuZliaT pi-
radi Sexedulebebisa da azrebis (Tundac gansxvavebu-
lis) urTierTgaziareba, axali ideebis gamoTqma. aseT
SemTxvevaSi ara mxolod Jurnalists, aramed responden-
tebsac moeTxovebaT sxvisi azrebis mosmenisa da gagebis,
komunikaciis da TviTgamoxatvis unar-Cvevebis floba da
gamoyeneba. diskusiis warmarTva moiTxovs rogorc dis-
kusiis wamyvanis, aseve misi monawileebisagan Sesabamis ko-
munikaciur unar-Cvevebs, gansxvavebuli Sexedulebebis
mosmenisa da pativiscemis SesaZleblobas, sadiskusio sa-
kiTxis codnas, azrebis urTierTgacvlas, sazogadoebri-
vi azris gaTvaliswinebas da, Sesabamisad, saWiroebs sa-
fuZvlian momzadebas. amitomac pirvel rigSi am SemTxve-
vaSi Jurnalists moeTxoveba maRali profesionalizmi,
gansaxilveli-sadiskusio sakiTxis zedmiwevniT kargad
floba, safuZvlianad erkveodes debatebisa da polemi-
kis xelovnebaSi, radganac araa gamoricxuli sadiskusio
sakiTxze msjelobisas sruliad gansxvavebuli mimarTu-
lebiT gadasvla anu Temidan gadaxveva, romelsac xanda-
xan Segnebulad mimarTaven xolme diskusiaSi monawile
pirebi, an sulac dasaSvebia, rom wamyvanis funqcia it-
virTos romelime monawile mxarem. Jurnalisti valdebu-
lia sadiskusio sakiTxze msjelobisas ar misces saSuale-
ba romelime monawiles xelSi Caigdos wamyvanis funqcie-
bi, itvirTos gadacemis wamyvanis pasuxismgebloba da mis-
Tvis sasurveli mimarTulebiT marTos situacia. mosme-
nis kulturasa da xelovnebas diskusiis dros gadamwyve-

208
ti mniSvneloba eniWeba. azris cxadad dafiqsirebis, yo-
velgvari mixveul-moxveuli frazebis gareSe, naTlad da
martivad gadmocemuli saTqmeli erT-erTi yvelaze mniS-
vnelovania da ganmsazRvreli sazogadoebis ganwyobis
Tqvens sasargeblod warmarTvisaTvis.
diskusiaSi ramodenime subieqtis monawileoba Tavi-
danve mianiSnebs am formis sirTuleze da Jurnalistis
piradi SesaZleblobebis aucileblobaze — marTos situ-
acia da xelidan ar gauSvas sadaveebi. diskusiaSi monawi-
le adamianebis SexedulebaTa da azrTa sxvadasxvaoba au-
cileblad warmoSobs polemikas, dapirispirebas, winaaR-
mdegobas, rac SesaZloa monawile pirebma erTmaneTis mi-
marT uxams epiTetebSic gamoxaton. an Tavad Jurnalis-
tma dasvas iseTi kiTxva, romelic swored mimarTuli iq-
neba sxvadasxva mosazrebaTa sapirispirod swored sazo-
gadoebrivi azris Sesabamisad da sasargeblod, romelic
aiZulebs monawileebs gascen adekvaturi pasuxebi. dis-
kusiaSi monawile yoveli piri yovelTvis cdilobs audi-
toriis winaSe gamoavlinos sakuTari SesaZleblobebis
maqsimumi da demonstrireba gaakeTos TiTqos man ufro
meti icis da mas ufro kargad esmis, vinem sxva monawiles.
aseTi `pirovnuli Sejibri~ farTo sazogadoebis winaSe
SesaZloa Jurnalistur `keklucobaSic~ gadaizardos,
amitomac Jurnalisti valdebulia situacias kargad ac-
nobierebdes, akontrolebdes da axerxebdes droul rea-
girebas da Sesabamisi kontrSekiTxvebiT diskusiisa da
sajaro kamaTis xelovnebis maRali ostatobis gamovle-
niT am yvelafers sazogadoebis interesebis Sesabamisad
iyenebdes. amdenad Jurnalistis mier winaswar unda iyos
gansazRvruli mopirispire mxareTa potenciali, dialo-
gis warmarTvis SesaZleblobebi da is argumentebi, rom-
lebzec isini ZiriTad yuradRebas gaamaxvileben. polemi-
ka SesaZloa, Tavad Jurnalistma warmarTos da bunebri-

209
via, is mimarTuli iyos calkeul monawile pirTa mosaz-
rebebis sapirispiro kontrargumentebis warmosaCenad.
Jurnalists aseve aqvs ufleba moaxdinos apelireba sa-
zogadoebrivi azrisa da sxva sajaro pirTa mosazrebeb-
ze, razedac savsebiT SesaZlebelia monawileTa mxridan
adekvaturi pasuxis miRebisa. ramdenadac diskusia er-
Tgvari SejibrebiTobis princips efuZneba, masSi monawi-
le yoveli subieqti Tu meores damarcxebas ara, am Sejib-
ridan gamarjvebuli gamosvlas mainc isaxavs miznad.
Jurnalisti unda Seecados mis winaaRmdeg wamoyenebuli
yoveli kontrargumenti oponents Seubrunos da yoveli
maTganis pasuxi sazogadoebrivi interesis gaTvaliswine-
biT gamoiyenos.
14-05-2013 — gazeTi `kviris palitra~, lado gogola-
Zis publikaciidan `cema-tyepa triufeliT anu rogor da
ratom igeriebda sami kaci ocs~
`mamuka bakuria — nu gadamayoles xidaSelis mamidaS-
vilobas... Cemda saubedurod, Tina aris Cemi mamidaSvili...
eg naZirlebi imas ratom ar amboben, sayvareliZe rom
wavida da dedamisis klinikaSi gadaiRo tomografia?!
manana giorgobiani — 20 kacs 3 vigeriebdiT, magrebi
varT da imitom, arc erTi ar varT mindvris yvavili
giorgi vaSaZe — Cveni mizani ar yofila am xalxis ce-
ma, Torem marTla 4 adamiani xom ar gvcemda 20 kacs?!.
ramdenime dRis win restoran `la trufe~-Si, `naci-
onaluri moZraobis~ ramdenime wevrsa da restoranSi
myof pirebs Soris incidenti moxda, ris Sedegadac daSav-
dnen parlamentis wevrebi giorgi vaSaZe da daviT sayva-
reliZe, agreTve samegrelo-zemo svaneTis yofili guber-
natori zaza gorozia. rogorc daSavebulebi hyvebian, ag-
resia maTTvis ucxo pirebisgan wamovida, miuxedavad maTi
mcdelobisa, rom agresia ar gadazrdiliyo CxubSi, es ma-

210
inc moxda da isini amaSi mamuka bakuriasa da masTan myof
sam pirovnebas adanaSauleben. gansxvavebuli versia aqvs
meore mxares. Cven am faqtis erT-erT mTavar monawileebs
mamuka  bakurias  da  manana  giorgobians davukavSirdiT da
komentari vTxoveT.
mamuka  bakuria: -rasac nacionalebi amboben, sisule-
lea. ar davmalav, rom namdvilad ar mexatebian gulze,
ise, rogorc saqarTvelos 90%-s, magram magaT sacemad
namdvilad ar wavsulvar iq. Cems megobrebTan erTad viya-
vi, maT Soris iyo ori qalbatoni (erTi dedaCemis megob-
ris Svilia da meore Cemi bavSvobis megobaria). vici, rom
policia qmediTunariania, ar hgavs mxedrions da Sevar-
dnaZis droindel policias, isic vici, rom aseTi qmedeba
dasjadia, hoda, me rom deboSis atexa mdomoda, am qalba-
tonebs ratom davpatiJebdi da SarSi ratom gavxvevdi?!
Cxubi rom mdomoda, sportuli formiT wavidodi, kas-
tets Cavidebdi da saerTod momzadebuli viqnebodi ra.
agresia wamovida maTi mxridan da darwmunebuli var, ga-
moZieba yvelafers gascems pasuxs.
– batono mamuka, `nacionaluri moZraobis~ wevrebi
amboben, rom iq mosulma policiam imitom ar dagkiTxaT,
rom Tqven qalbaton Tina xidaSelis mamidaSvili brZan-
debiT.
– nu gadamayoles Tinas mamidaSvilobas. ar minda amis
Tqma, magram masTan Zalian daZabuli urTierToba maqvs.
Cemda saubedurod Tina aris Cemi mamidaSvili. gogosTvis
weliwadze metia gamarjoba ar miTqvams. is rom Cemi mami-
daSvilia, me ra SuaSi var?! eg naZirlebi imas ratom ar am-
boben, sayvareliZe rom wavida da dedamisis klinikaSi ga-
daiRo tomografia?! magaT mosmenas azri ar aqvs.

211
 manana giorgobiani: — is, rasac isini amboben, aris
sicrue. Cvengan araviTari agresia ar yofila. nika melia
da misi Tanmxlebi piri, ramdenjerme movidnen Cvens magi-
dasTan, isini cinikurad da damcinavad eqceodnen Cveni
sufri wevrebs. me eWvi maqvs, rom maT aRizianebdaT mamuka
bakurias faqtori, radgan is `obieqtivis~ Jurnalistia.
Tanac Zalian agdebulad mimarTavdnen mas. mamukam uTxra,
Zalian gTxovT, familarulad nu iqceviT, Cven Cvens magi-
dasTan davrCebiT da Tqven Tqvens magidasTan dabrundi-
To. amaze maTi mxridan wamovida lanZRva-gineba, wamox-
tnen maTi sufris wevrebi, Semogvesivnen, erTma melias
zurgs uknidan pirdapir Caartya beqa mazniaSvils (beqas
saxeze nakerebi adevs), meore me meca kiserSi da damartya
muSti, magram misda gasakvirad ver gamTiSa, radgan me fi-
zikurad sakmaod kargad var momzadebuli. saboloo jam-
Si ise moxda, rom 3 adamiani vigeriebdiT 20 kacs.
— gamodis, rom 2 mamakaci da erTi qali igeriebda 20
adamianis agresias? — diax, vigeriebdiT. magrebi varT da
movaxerxeT. kargad varT momzadebulebi da magitom. arc
erTi ar varT mindvris yvavili, omic gvaqvs nanaxi da yve-
laferi ubedureba. Cven ara varT dRevandeli kolbaSi
gamozrdili Taoba, jer kidev erovnuli moZraobidan
movdivarT. Cxubic viciT da muStis moqnevac da isic,
sxvisi moqneuli rogor aviciloT, gansxvavebiT sxvebis-
gan. sxva ra giTxraT, imaT gaakeTon sxva Sedareba, Tu imaT
ar rcxveniaT, rom 3-ma adamianma 20 kaci cema, miT ufro
Cven ar gvrcxvenia.
— qalbatono manana, gavrcelda informacia, rom
erT-erTi Tqvengani politpatimari iyo.
– maT, rogorc sCveviaT, sicruis manqana aamoqmedes.

212
xazgasmiT aRvniSnav, rom arc erTi Cvengani araa polit-
patimari, arasodes vyofilvarT nasamarTlevi, arc erTi
ar varT partiis wevri, arc Tanamdebobis piri.
– rogor fiqrobT, wina xelisuflebis dros ase io-
lad gadarCebodiT?
– wina xelisufleba rom yofiliyo, iseve gagviswor-
debodnen, rogorc gauswordnen girgvlians. axla ukve
daxocilebi viqnebodiT. ubralod, axla rom sxva xeli-
suflebaa, imitomac gadavrCiT. patrulma imuSava araCve-
ulebrivad. Zalian operatiulad movidnen da yvelaferi
Sesabamisad gaakeTes. sruli suraTis Sesaqmnelad davu-
kavSirdiT incidentSi monawile giorgi vaSaZes, romel-
sac radikalurad gansxavebuli pozicia aqvs.
giorgi vaSaZe: — melia CvenTan apirebda amosvlas,
radgan daTo sayvareliZem daureka, gzaSi beqa maziaSvil-
ma gaaCera. Semdeg zemodan Cven davinaxeT, rom xeli hkres
mas da Sexla-Semoxla daiwyo. Cven CavediT da vaSveleb-
diT maT. bakurias da mis meuRles...
– iq bakuria megobar qalbatonebTan erTad iyo.
– ar vici, iq iZaxda, Cemi coliao. mokled getyviT ra,
Cven situaciis ganmuxtva gvindoda... piradad me vcdi-
lobdi, bakuriac da erT-erTi qalbatonic gameyvana, am
dros ki movida mesame pirovneba da TavSi Camartya.
– rogorc `nacionaluri moZraobis~ warmomadgenle-
bi amboben, isini yofili politpatimrebi iyvnen, rasac
CvenTan saubarSi mamuka bakuria da manana giorgobiani ga-
moricxaven...
– me ar vici, amas vin ambobs. piradad me es ar miT-
qvams. kidev erTxel vimeoreb, isini nasvamebi iyvnen da ga-
momwvevad iqceodnen. miuxedavad imisa, rom xeli aravis-

213
Tvis damirtyams, mainc iginebodnen, Cemi misamarTiTac. me
situaciis dawynarebas vcdilobdi, radgan roca sajaro
figura xar, bunebrivia pasuxismgebloba meti gaqvs. To-
rem marTla 4 adamiani xom ar gvcemda 20 kacs?! Cveni miza-
ni ar yofila am xalxis cema.
– TiTqmis analogiur gancxadebebs akeTebs meore
mxarec, rom Tqven cdilobdiT situaciis gamwvavebas, isi-
ni ki piriqiT…
– sasaciloa. Cven garda bevri adamiani iyo iq, momsa-
xure personali da sxvebi, romlebmac Zalian kargad dai-
naxes yvelaferi. TviTon qalbatonic Zalian agresiulad
iqceoda da bakuriac. Zalian samwuxaroa, rodesac adamia-
ni sajaro adgilas ase iqceva. am faqtze samwuxaro isaa,
rom adamianis uflebaTa dacvis komitetis Tavmjdomare
eka beselia Cveni misamarTiT akeTebs absurdul gancxa-
debas: `mets ras unda elodnen es adamianebi~. eka beseli-
as mxridan aseTi gancxadeba sircxvilia. swored msgavsi
gancxadebebi iwvevs situaciis daZabvas.
– batono giorgi, Tqvenma megobrebma am faqts poli-
tikuri Sefaseba misces, es ar uwyobs xels situaciis da-
Zabvas?
– swori iyo, rom am faqts politikuri Sefaseba mie-
ca, iqidan gamomdinare rom eka beseliasnairi xalxi cdi-
lobs, qveyanaSi zizRis muxti Caagdos da gaamwvavos si-
tuacia.~

literatura:

1. www.nplg.gov.ge
2. `moxelis samagido leqsikoni~, Tb., 2004

214
3. `ganmartebiTi leqsikoni”, Tb., 2008.
4. 14-05-2013 — gazeTi `kviris palitra~

interviu Canaxati

intervie Canaxati (portreti) Zalze saintereso

formaa zogadad intervius sxvadasxva saxeebs Soris. misi
upirvelesi mizania aCvenos respondenti iseT `ampluaSi~,
rogoradac manamde ar icnobda mas sazogadoeba. aseT
SemTxvevaSi ar aris gamoricxuli mniSvnelovani gavlena
moaxdinos respondentis imijze msgavsi saxis informaci-
is miwodebam sazogadoebaze, radganac msgavs `situacia-
Si~ yofna sazogadoebis konkretul wevrebze aisaxeba mi-
wodebuli informaciis Sesabamisad: pozitiuri an nega-
tiuri kuTxiT. Canaxati anu igive uhalstuxo interviu
konkretuli Cinovnikisa Tu Cveulebriv sazogadoebi-
saTvis cnobil pirs araoficialur rakursSi warmoaCens
xolme. aseTi interviuebi saSualebas iZlevian respon-
dentebis maqsimaluri gulaxdilobisa da uSualobisa. es
SesaZloa moxdes sacxovrebel saxlSi sakuTar ojaxTan
erTad an sadme bunebaSi, ar aris gamoricxuli msgavsi sa-
xis interviu iseT adgilas Sedges, sadac yvelaze metad
SesaZloa gamoCndes respondentis `Zlieri~ mxareebi: na-
dirobisas, mogzaurobisas, fexburTis matCze daswrebi-
sas, es is adgilebia, sadac maqsimalurad gulaxdilia da
gaxsnili yvelaze `gulCaTxrobili~ respondentic ki.
Canaxati intervius msvlelobisas gulaxdiloba
Jurnalistsac aranakleb marTebs. `gulaxdiloba gulax-
dilobis wil~ — es is fenomenia, rodesac orive mxares
dadebiTad abalansebs da aZlevs Sanss urTierTTanam-
Sromlobisa. aseTi TanamSromlobisas Jurnalists aqvs

215
ufleba hkiTxos respondents piradi cxovrebidan iseTi
detalebis Taobazed, romelTa Sesaxebac ar surdes res-
podents sajarod saubari. Tu am SemTxvevaSi respoden-
tis mxridan iqneba Tavaziani uari, es imas unda niSnavdes,
rom am sakiTxze jer kidev ar arsebobs zusti pasuxebi da
aRar unda gaagrZelos Jurnalistma msgavsi Tema. kargi
iqneba Tu msgavs gaugebrobebs Jurnalisti iqve dausvams
wertils da sazogadoebaSic garkveul sicxades Seitans
sakuTari damajerebeli versiiT. oficialuri piris ub-
ralo, Cveulebrivi adamianuri saxiT Cveneba erT-erTi
yvelaze mniSvnelovani elementia Jurnalistur saqmia-
nobaSi da amdenad, Jurnalists ara marto portretul
interviuze muSaobisas, aramed zogadad nebismieri res-
pondentis saxis Cvenebisas unda axsovdes da iTvaliswi-
nebdes kidec. `portretuli, anu ase vTqvaT, uhalstuxo
interviu respodentis araoficialur rakursSi warmo-
Cenas isaxavs miznad. aseTi interviu specifikidan gamom-
dinare ufro uSualoa. Jurnalisti am dros yovelTvis
cdilobs yvelaze gulCaTxrobili respondentic ki ~gax-
snas” da rac SeiZleba meti aTqmevinos Tavis pirad cxov-
rebaze~( 10-1).
interviu gabriel garsia markesTan — amjerad, miTe-
bisa da legendebis gareSe... „me minda vemsaxuro Cems sam-
Soblos da ara Cemi samSoblos mTavrobas...~, — g.g. marke-
si. `italiuri yovelkvireuli gamocema „panoramas~ ko-
respondentma gabriel garsia markess sTxova Tavis
cxovrebasa da Semoqmedebaze moeTxro. – mamaCemsac gab-
rieli erqva, — ambobs markesi, gabriel elihio garsia.
igi telegrafistad muSaobda arakatkaSi. maSin kolumbi-
aSi bananis bumi duRda da atlantikis sanapirosken „mwva-
ne oqroTi~ daimedebuli xalxi daiZra. „iunaited frut-
ma~ aq miwebi SeiZina da arakatka uecrad mdidar soflad

216
iqca. jer sul patara viyavi, roca mSoblebma papisa da
bebiis kmayofaze damtoves. – im did saxlSi, romlisac
Tqven ase geSinodaT?
– diax, mravaloTaxiani sofluri saxli gvedga. am
oTaxebSi ufro meti moCveneba cxovrobda, vidre cocxa-
li adamiani. Tumca cocxlebic sakmaod iyvnen. saRamoo-
biT bebia miyveboda zRaprebs da jadosnur istoriebs,
bananis cieb-cxelebis droindel legendebs. papas xan
cirkSi davyavdi, xan kinoSi, Tan dauRalavad mimaspin-
Zldeboda samoqalaqo omis ambebiT.
– amboben, rom Tqven jer kidev siymawvileSi uwer-
diT moTxrobebs Tqvens umcros da-Zmebs da Tqven Tvi-
Tonve xatavdiT ilustraciebs am moTxrobebisTvis. ga-
modis, rom xatvis niWic gaqvT.
– ara, ubralod, maSin jer kidev ver vwerdi da wera-
Si naxatebs vxmarobdi. moTxrobebs vxatavdi.
– magram, Tqven ar waxvediT bogotaSi jer isev pata-
ra biWi, rom „mwerali gamxdariyaviT?~ – me maSin 13-14
wlisa viyavi da dedaqalaqSi imisaTvis wavedi, rom ro-
gorme stipendia mimeRo — swavlisaTvis saWiro fuli ara
mqonda. mdinare magdalenaze jer gemiT unda gemgzavra.
am gzas, Cveulebriv, rva dRe sWirdeboda, magram Tu gemi
meCeCze Sejdeboda, bogotaSi Casvlas 15-16 dRec ki Wia-
nurdeboda. gzis dasasruls idumali qalaqi meloda.
marTlac davinaxe monacrisfro, naRvliani, wvimiT gaJ-
RenTili bogota. mimodiodnen cecxlis bRuja-bRuajad
mfrqveveli tramvaebi, romlebzec mtevnebiviT ekidnen
mgzavrebi. kacebs Savi kostiumebi ecvaT, Savi qudebi
exuraT, qolgebic Savi eWiraT. qalebi ki quCebSi saer-
Tod ar Candnen. rogorRac mivaRwie pansionamde...
garsia markesma stipendia miiRo da patara qalaq si-

217
pakiras kolejSi Cairicxa. aq iyridnen Tavs Cveni yvela-
ze gaWirvebuli bavSvebi. markesma koleji 1946 wels da-
amTavra, mere ki dedaqalaqis universitetis iuridiul
fakultetze Cairicxa. – me msurda sxva ram meswavla —
magaliTad, arqiteqtura, anda meqanika, magram mxolod
iuridiul fakultetze iwyeboda mecadineoba diliT.
ase rom, dro mrCeboda memuSava da amiT Tavi merCina.
1947 wels garsia markesma pirveli moTxroba dawera
(„mesame morCileba~). im xanebSi romanistma eduardo sa-
lamea borbam ganacxada — axal Taobas niWi akliao. swo-
red am gancxadebis pasuxad dawera markesma Tavisi pir-
veli moTxroba. borbam cno Tavisi Secdoma da mwerals
daexmara, raTa moTxroba Jurnal „el espeqtadorSi~ ga-
moeqveynebina. 1952 wlisTvis markesi ukve ramdenime aTe-
uli moTxrobis avtori iyo.
kolumbieli liberalebis liderisa da respublikis
prezidentobis kandidatis xorxe gaitanas mkvlelobis
Semdeg (1948 wlis 9 aprili) kolumbiaSi sastiki reaqciis
xana dadga. universiteti daiketa. markesi iZulebuli
gaxda kartaxenaSi wasuliyo Tavis mSoblebTan. 1950
wels igi dedasTan erTad arakatkaSi Cavida Tavisi winap-
rebis saxlis gasayidad. male Jurnalistoba daiwyo. igi
erT namceca oTaxSi cxovrobda, xuTsarTuliani saxlis
sxvenze. aq daiwyo romanis wera Tavisi cxovrebis bedni-
er wlebze — arakatkaSi gatarebul bavSvobaze. 1955 wels
garsia markesi, rogorc „el espeqtadoris~ korespon-
denti, JenevaSi gaemgzavra, xolo ramdenime Tvis Semdeg
iqidan parizSi Cavida. – parizSi RamiT Cavedi, daviqirave
taqsi da mec im quCas mivakiTxe, sadac, Cveulebriv, la-
Tinuri amerikidan Camosulebi saxldebian. – 1955 wels
didi kubeli poeti nikolas gilienic iq cxovrobda... –

218
nikolas gilieni yovel diliT, gaRviZebisTanave, aRebda
Tavis oTaxis sarkmels da mTel quCas axal ambebs gasZa-
xebda xolme. erTxel galienma daiZaxa: „is damxobilia~.
imave wams aTobiT sarkmeli gaiRo. argentinelebma ifiq-
res, albaT peroni Camoagdeso, peruelebma igive ifiqres
odriaze, kubelebma — batistaze, venesuelelebma — peres
ximenesze, Cven — kolumbielebma ki — roxa paniliaze.~(11-
1). rac ufro martivi, gasagebi da uSualo iqneba respon-
dentis ena, miT metad SesZlebs Jurnalisti msmenelis,
mayureblisa Tu mkiTxvelis mozidvas. intervius dros
Jurnalistebma unda daviviwyoT yovelgvari rTuli
terminologia, raTa Tqvens mier dasmuli SekiTxvebis ga-
gebis problema ar Seeqmnas respondents da pasuxis gace-
mis nacvlad ar moiTxovos ucxo sityvaTa leqsikoni.
Jurnalistis ZiriTadi mesiji saubris dasawyisSive mka-
fiod unda iyos Camoayalibebuli, aseve unda gvaxsovdes,
`ar gadavtvirToT mediamomxmarebeli statistikuri mo-
nacemebiT, radgan iSviaTi SemTxvevebis garda, cifrebi
arafris mTqmelia, gansakuTrebiT msmenelisaTvis. sta-
tistikiT cxovrebiseul miRwevaTa gazomva maTematiku-
ri niWiT dajildoebul adamiansac ki gauWirdeba. Seve-
cadoT mokled CamovayaliboT kiTxvebi da ambad nu mov-
yvebiT mas~(10-2). Jurnalisti saubris procesSi ar unda
uSvebdes uxeS gramatikul Secdomebs. ar unda gadavita-
noT aqcenti iseT wvrilmanebze, romelTa mniSvneloba-
sac mxolod Tqven afasebT da sazogadoebisaTvis araf-
ris mTqmelia. Tu sakiTxis arsSi gasarkvevad aucilebe-
lia winaistoriis moyola, esec metismetad lakonurad
unda CamovayaliboT, raTa ar gadavtvirToT mediamom-
xmarebeli. Tu kanonis romelime muxlze apelirebas vapi-
rebT, kanonis zedmiwevniT skurpulozurad citirebis
nacvlad, popularul enaze, magaliTebis moSveliebiT
avxsnaT es kanoni; Jurnalistis mier iumorisadmi gansa-

219
kuTrebuli aqcenti da mgrZnobeloba erT-erTi yvelaze
didi plusia. sajaro pirebs xSirad uyvarT anegdotebis
moSvelieba, Tumca, yuriT moTreuli anekdoti, Tanac Tu
es Tqven stilSi ar jdeba, xelovnur elfers miscems
Tqvens saubars. moaxerxeT, iumoriT SexedoT sakuTar
Tavsac, Tu amis aucileblobas igive Tqvens mier dasmuli
SekiTxva gkarnaxobT.

literatura:

1. presmediatori: mediasTan urTierTobis praqtika — Tb.,

2003, gv.70
2. vangogen.blogspot.com
3. presmediatori: mediasTan urTierTobis praqtika — Tb.,
2003, gv. 23
4. n.tabiZe, publicistikis sakiTxebi, wigni 1, Tb.2011 gv.11
5. melvin menCeri, axali ambebis gaSuqeba da wera, me-12 gamo-
cema, Tbilisi, 2013. gv.293
6. jagodniSvili T., jagodniSvili iv. verbaluri komunika-
ciebi, Tb., 2009. gv.66, gv.90, gv.91, gv.94
7. Tvisebrivi meTodebi socialur kvlevaSi: saleqcio kur-
si soc. mecn. magistraturisaTvis, T. zurabiSvili; -Tb.
2006
8. `kviris palitra~, 27-09-2010
9. burusi.wordpress.com
10. samoqalaqo ganaTlebis leqsikoni
11. `kviris palitra-27-05-2014
12. `kviris palitra~ 16 -05— 2014
13. enciklopediuri leqsikoni
14. sabiblioTeko terminebis ganmartebiTi leqsikoni
15. `kviris palitra~, 05-05-2013
16. ganmartebiTi leqsikoni/erovn. sasw. gegmebisa da Sefas.
centri. Tb., 2008
17. ucxo sityvaTa leqsikoni, 1989

220
18. 29-04-2013, gazeTi `kviris palitra~
19. www.nplg.gov.ge
20. `moxelis samagido leqsikoni~ (red.: vaJa gurgeniZe] —
Tb., 2004)
21. `kviris palitra~, 14-05-2013
22. presmediatori: mediasTan urTierTobis praqtika — Tb.,
2003, gv. 70
23. vangogen.blogspot.com

221
 VIII

analitikur-ganmazogadebeli asaxva,
rogorc gamoxatvis forma

analitika-analizi, sakiTxis detalurad, dawvrile-

biT garkveva, gaanalizeba, gamoZieba, gamokvleva, rome-
lic saWiroebs Jurnalistur gamocdilebas, Zalisxmevas,
energias, aseve pirovnul SesaZleblobebs-(riski, gabe-
duleba, siTamame...), intuiciasa da inteleqts, unars ga-
dawyvetilebis damoukideblad miRebis, operatiulad
moqmedebis, daskvnebis droulad gamotanis, romlis Ta-
namdevia: miukerZoebloba, obieqturoba da samarTliano-
ba. ucxour leqsikonSi termini `analitika~ Semdegnaira-
daa ganmartebuli: `mecnieruli kvlevis meTodi, rome-
lic damyarebulia raime mTlianis Semadgenel nawilebad
faqtobrivad an warmosaxviT daSlaze; raimes garCeva,
ganxilva; analizi aris saazrovno unar-Cveva, romlis
drosac xdeba mTliani sagnis calke nawilebis, mxareebis
da Tvisebebis gamoyofa adamianis warmodgenaSi. cnobie-
rebaSi mTliani sagnis aseT daSlas analizi ewodeba da
masSi igulisxmeba: masalis (struqturis) Semadgenel na-
wilebad dayofa: nawilebis Sedareba Sepirispireba, nawi-
lebs Soris kavSiris an struqturis danaxva; movlenis mi-
zezis (dafaruli azris aRmoCena) axsna; procesis kanon-
zomierebis gamovlena; mizezebsa da Sedegebs Soris kavSi-
rebis dadgena~(1-1). Tu am ganmartebas Tvals gavadev-
nebT, cxadi gaxdeba, rom analitikur teqstebze muSaoba
axalgazrda da gamoucdeli JurnalistebisaTvis sakma-
od rTuli da xifaTiani arCevania, radgan gamocdileba
erT-erTi mniSvnelovani faqtoria analitikuri teqste-
bisaTvis. analitikuri teqstebi Zalze axlos dganan ana-

222
litikur prognozebTan. ucxo sityvaTa leqsikonis mi-
xedviT `prognoz-i [berZ. prognōsis] — raime movlenis ganvi-
Tarebisa da Sedegebis winaswar ganWvreta, winaswarmet-
yveleba arsebuli mecnieruli monacemebis safuZvelze.
mag., amindis prognozi~. analitikuri prognozi erTgva-
rad ganmsazRvrelia mTliani Jurnalisturi informaci-
isa, romelic warmoadgens moklevadian an grZelvadian
perspeqtivaSi sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi situaciis Se-
saZlo ganviTarebis Sefasebas. prognozi mTlianad efuZ-
neba zust monacemebsa da faqtebs im sazogadoebrivi
cxovrebis ekonomikuri, politikuri, socialuri, kul-
turuli da a.S. amsaxveli situaciebis Sesaxeb, romlis
mimarTac xorcieldeba analizi. faqtobrivad prognozi
aris sazogadoebis (an misi konkretuli jgufis, an erTi
romelime wevris) perspeqtiuli moqmedebebis erTgvari
gzamkvlevi, romelic Seicavs bevr rTul komponents. ana-
lizuri prognozis ZiriTadi Semadgenelia mimdinare
moqmedi faqtorebi, anu yvela is faqtori, romelsac Se-
uZlia gavlena iqonios pirovnebis an sazogadoebrivi
cxovrebis cvalebadobaze. prognozireba xdeba ramdeni-
me ZiriTad etapad: faqtorebis gamovlena, romelic Zi-
riTadad xorcieldeba politikur, ekonomikur, socia-
lur, kulturul da a.S. siaxleebze dayrdnobiT, aseve sa-
zogadoebrivi ganwyobisa da ukanaskneli socialuri maC-
veneblebis analiziT, aseve sxvadasxva socialur insti-
tutebs Soris monacemTa gamovleniT. aseve unda gamov-
lindes da Sesabamisad ganisazRvros Sefasebebi, romel-
Tac SeuZliaT gavlenis moxdena realobaze. magaliTad,
cnobam qveyanaSi ekonomikuri krizisis gaZlierebis Sesa-
xeb, SesaZlebelia gamoiwvios inflacia, fasebis zrda,
rac sazogadoebaSi Sesabamisi moqmedebisa da reaqciis

223
gamoxatviT warmoCndeba. gasagebia, rom yvela movlena
erTnair zemoqmedebas rodi axdens mimdinare cxovreba-
ze, amitom unda gavigoT, Tu ra xarisxis zemoqmedebasTan
gveqneba saqme, rom Sesabamisad ganvsazRvroT savaraudo
mosalodneli Sedegebi. analitikuri prognozebis Sedge-
nisas agreTve gasaTvaliswinebelia sezonuri faqtore-
bic, romelTac ar aqvT meorexarisxovani gavlena realo-
baze. amitomac yuradReba maxvildeba iseT maCvenebleb-
ze, rogorebicaa: gavrcelebis areali, sazogadoebrivi
interesi, drois faqtori, monawile adamianTa raodenoba
da maTi socialuri statusi. gavrcelebis areali er-
Tgvari indikatoria, romelic asaxavs adamianebis kon-
kretuli jgufebis interesebs, SesaZleblobebs, oficia-
lur monacemebs konkretul monawileTa saqmianobis Tao-
baze, romelic avlens pirovnul interesebsa da SesaZ-
leblobebs. negatiuri maCveneblis zrda metyvelebs sa-
zogadoebaSi mimdinare arasaxarbielo procesebze. es
yvelaferi SesaZlebelia gaxdes xalxis masobrivi sapro-
testo gamosvlebisaTvis biZgis mimcemi da sazogadoeba-
Si dadebiTi muxtisa da pozitiuri ganwyobis Semcirebis
mizezi. faqtisadmi sazogadoebrivi interesis maRali
maCvenebeli aisaxeba informaciis gavrcelebis ufro
swraf zrdaze, romelmac SesaZloa mniSvnelovani gavle-
na iqonios mTlian sainformacio sivrceze. sazogadoeb-
rivi interesi aseve aCvenebs mimdinare procesebSi mona-
wile adamianebis raodenobriv monacemebs — matebas an
klebas, romelic ganisazRvreba konkretul monawileTa
interesebis, socialuri statusis da raodenobis gaTva-
liswinebiT. drois faqtori mniSvnelovania da xSirad
ganmsazRvrelia konretul sivrceSi sazogadoebrivi az-
ris mimarTulebis garkvevis TvalsazrisiT: uSualod
problemiT dainteresebul adamianTa ricxvi da katego-

224
ria, rac sazogadoebrivi interesebis gaTvaliswinebas
anu adamianTa garkveul nawilSi Sesabamis cvlilebas
ukavSirdeba. amdenad, warsul da mimdinare movlenebze
dayrdnobiT Seqmnili analizuri suraTi saSualebas
gvaZlevs gavakeToT daskvnebi sazogadoebrivi azris Sem-
dgomi moZraobis savaraudo mimarTulebis gansazRvris
Sesaxeb. sazogadoebrivi azri aris: `qveynis mosaxleobis,
didi social-demografiuli jgufebis damokidebuleba
sazogadobrivi cxovrebis problemebisadmi, gamoxatuli
msjelobebSi, SefasebebSi, emociebSi, ganwyobebsa da sxv.
sazogadoebrivi azri xasiaTdeba garkveuli ideologi-
ur-fsiqologiuri mimarTulebiT, aqtivobiT, mdgrado-
biT. igi gamodis eqspresiuli, makontrolebeli da di-
reqtiuli funqciebiT — ikavebs garkveul pozicias, iZ-
leva rCevas, gamoaqvs gadawyvetileba ama Tu im sazoga-
doebriv sakiTxebze, aregulirebs individebis, erTobe-
bis, socialuri dawesebulebebis moqmedebas, mxars uWers
an ukuagdebs ama Tu im warmodgenebs, Rirebulebebs, nor-
mebs. sazogadoebrivi azris mxedvelobis areSi, Cveuleb-
riv, xvdeba sinamdvilis mxolod is movlenebi da faqte-
bi, romlebic sazogadoebriv interess iwveven. sazoga-
doebrivi azri SeiZleba Camoyalibdes stiqiurad, Tumca
Tanamedrove sazogadoebebis pirobebSi igi ganicdis gan-
sazRvrul zegavlenas mravalricxovani socialuri in-
stitutebis mxridan. amitom, sxvadasxva konkretul si-
tuaciebSi igi realobasTan adekvaturobis sxvadasxva
xarisxs avlens. igi SeiZleba Seicavdes rogorc marTe-
bul, realistur, ise mcdar, ilozorul warmodgenebs
sinamdvileze~(2-1). 2. sxvadasxva faqtis, procesis, mov-
lenisa Tu problemis Sesaxeb adamianTa jgufis gansja,
maTi damokidebuleba da Sefaseba. sazogadoebrivi azris

225
formireba da ganviTareba an mizanmimarTulad, masobriv
Segnebaze politikuri institutebisa da socialuri or-
ganizaciebis zemoqmedebiT xdeba, anda stiqiurad — cxov-
rebiseul garemoebaTa, konkretuli gamocdilebisa da
tradiciebis uSualo gavlenis Sedegad. konkretul si-
tuaciebSi sazogadoebrivi azri sxvadasxva doniTaa rea-
lur viTarebasTan adekvaturi; is SeiZleba Seicavdes
rogorc marTebul, realistur, ise mcdar warmodgenebs.
sazogadoebrivi azris, rogorc institutis, ganviTareba
Zalze mniSvnelovnadaa damokidebuli sazogadoebrivi
cnobierebis, kulturis, sazogadoebis mier demokrati-
ul faseulobaTa gaTavisebis doneze. aranakleb mniSvne-
lovania sazogadoebrivi azris Seswavlisas Tanamedrove,
aRiarebuli meTodebis srulyofili gamoyeneba (3-1). am-
denad rTulia bolomde Cawvde sazogadoebrivi azris si-
namdvilis arss. sazogadoebrivi azris ganviTarebis di-
namikaze dakvirveba gvaZlevs SesaZleblobas gaverkveT,
Tu ra xdeba zogadad cxovrebaSi. analitikuri teqsti
adamianuri cxovrebis Seswavlis sakmaod rTuli meTo-
dia, miuxedavad amisa, gamocdileba, intuicia da inte-
leqti is faqtorebia, romlebic martivad amoxsnian amo-
canas. Seiswavlo da gaaanalizo sazogadoebrivi azri gu-
lisxmobs aseve gaigo calkeul mediasaSualebaTa sazoga-
doebaze zemoqmedebis xarisxic. calkeul mediasaSuale-
baTa fundamentaluri analizi aris mniSvnelovani faq-
tori gavigoT qveyanaSi Seqmnili realuri viTarebis ana-
lizuri suraTi, romelic saSualebas gvaZlevs gavake-
ToT daskvnebi sazogadoebrivi azris Semdgomi moZrao-
bis savaraudo mimarTulebis Sesaxeb. faqtis, movlenis,
procesis analitikuri kvleva sazogadoebrivi azris
fundamentaluri analizis safuZvelze Temis sworad
SerCevasac iTvaliswinebs. aseve mniSvnelovania sainfor-

226
macio bazris drouli, operatiuli aTviseba, radgan
mTavaria ara marto `produqciis~ gavrceleba, aramed
misgan maqsimaluri mogebis miReba da zrunva misi, ro-
gorc gavrcelebis arealis-sivrcis Semdgom SenarCune-
bazec. sazogadoebrivi azris kvlevisa da analizis sxva-
dasxva saxe arsebobs. yoveli maTgani Taviseburad kargia
da gaaCnia rogorc Tavisi upiratesobebi, aseve naklova-
nebebi. magram realobis Seswavlis mizniT sxvadasxva me-
diasaSualebaTa midgomebs Soris ZiriTadi gansxvaveba
informaciis aRqmisa da gamoyenebis sirTuleSia. amito-
mac umniSvnelovanesia analitikur teqstTa gansazRvris
problema, romelic upirvelesad sinamdvilisa da warmo-
saxvis erT sinamdviled anu sazogadoebriv azrad gar-
daqmnis sirTuleSi mdgomareobs. amitomac konkretul
faqtTa analizis safuZvelze efeqturobis garkveva
erT-erTi saintereso da wamyvani komponentia. analizu-
ri teqstis sazogadoebriv azrad gardaqmnis fsiqolo-
gia aris Jurnalistikis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani elemen-
ti. analizuri teqstebi, iseve, rogorc sxva Jurnalistu-
ri teqstebi, eyrdnoba ZiriTad sazogadoebriv moTxov-
nebs, romelTa safuZvelsac warmoadgens moTxovnisa da
mowodebis cneba. realurad msgavsi xasiaTis mediateq-
stebs gaaCniaT gacilebiT meti valdebuleba da pasuxis-
mgebloba, vidre sxva xasiaTis publicistur teqstebs.
amitomacaa, rom sazogadoebis reaqcia analitur teq-
stebze xdeba myisierad. amitomac SeuZlebelia ugule-
belvyoT sazogadoebaze analizuri teqstebis zegavle-
nis fsiqologiur aspeqtebi, radgan swored amgvari ig-
norireba migviyvans sazogadoebis mxridan ndobisa da
mxardaWeris maqsimalur danakargebamde. analitikuri
teqstis, rogorc sainformacio bazris erT-erTi wamyva-
ni moTamaSis umniSvnelovanes rolze gavlenas axdens sa-

227
zogadoebrivi ganwyobebic. marTalia, adamianebs didi xa-
nia ainteresebT ganwyobis problema, magram imis serio-
zul sistemur kvlevas, rasac axla ganwyobis cvlilebe-
bis Teorias uwodeben, masmediis ganviTarebam ubiZga~(4-
1). `...ganwyoba mTlianobiTi mdgomareobaa, romelic prin-
cipulad gansxvavdeba individis yvela sxva diferenci-
rebuli procesisa da fsiqologiuri Taviseburebebis-
gan. ganwyobis Teoriis mixedviT, ganwyobis warmoqmnis
faqtorebia moTxovnileba da situacia. moTxovnilebisa
da misi dakmayofilebis situaciis Tanxvdomis Sedegad
subieqtSi warmoiqmneba specifikuri mdgomareoba — gan-
wyoba iseTi qcevis Sesrulebisadmi, romelsac SeuZlia
konkretuli moTxovnilebis dakmayofileba. qceva gawyo-
baSi winaswaraa asaxuli (anticipirebulia), magram gan-
wyobas, Tavis mxriv, ganapirobebs moTxovnileba da situ-
acia. amrigad, qceva warmodgenilia, rogorc ganwyobis
faqtorebiT gansazRvruli da amave dros mizanmimarTu-
li moqmedeba~...(5-1). ganwyobis Teoriis mixedviT, indi-
vidma rom raime qcevis ganxorcieleba SeZlos, igi ro-
gorc mTlianoba, sruliad garkveul mdgomareobaSi unda
iyos. sazogadoebrivi azris sazogadoebis ganwyobisa da
reaqciis Sesabamisad mimarTva udidesi xelovnebaa da mas
SesaniSnavad flobs mecnierebis iseTi dargi, rogoric
Jurnalistikaa. da es aris swored iseTi Jurnalistika,
romelsac Tan axlavs xolme sworad gawerili prognoze-
bi, filosofiuri, fsiqologiuri da diplomatiuri qce-
vis strategia — `sityvis Tqmis Jami~, romelTa erT mTli-
anobad warmosaxva mxolod mediasivrceSi Tua SesaZlebe-
li. sxva verc erTi dargi am gigantebis gaerTianebas da
erTi mTlianobad warmarTvas, fokusirebas ver axerxebs.
mas ver gawvdeba veranairi sxva dargi, ubralod ver dai-
tevs mas verc dro, verc sivrce da verc manZili-es mxo-

228
lod Jurnalistikas, medias SeuZlia da amaSia swored mi-
si genialobac, maradiulobac da yovlisSemZleobac. ami-
tomac calkeul mediasaSualebaTa mxridan analizuri
teqstebisadmi gansakuTrebuli interesi gamowveulia
konkretuli fsiqologiuri aspeqtebiTac. SiSi da imed-
gacrueba sazogadoebaze zemoqmedebis faqtorad ar aris
saukeTeso gamosavali. saWiroa fiqri imaze, rogor aRid-
ginos sazogadoebam an konkretulma jgufma (an pirovne-
bam) amave sazogadoebisa Zalebi garkveuli imedgacrue-
bis Semdeg. undobloba, eWvianoba da nihilizmi rwmenis
dakargvisa da imedgacruebis xarjze mZlavrad idgamen
fesvebs pirovnebis fsiqikaSi, romelic SesaZloa araf-
riT kompensirdes. Tumca keTilganwyobisa da imedis da-
kargva SesaZlebelia moxdes aseve sxva mravali mizezis
gamoc. saerTo jamSi, imedgacrueba da wyena, romelic Se-
saZloa romelime mediarxis `wyalobiT~ virusad moedos
sazogadoebas, iyos lokaluri an masStaburi xasiaTisa.
erT-erTi yvelaze qmediTi instrumenti, romelic SesaZ-
loa konkretuli faqtis kvlevisas gamovlenil uzusto-
bebs aRmofxvris, sazogadoebrivi azris diversifikaci-
aa. misi maqsimalizacia bevradaa damokidebuli Tanamdevi
riskebis (sazogadoebis marginaluri jgufebi, vinmes mi-
er provocirebuli konkretuli pirebi, romelTa provo-
kaciuli nabijebi xSirad sazogadoebis garkveul nawil-
Si badebs usafuZvlo eWvebs SeTavazebuli swori Sexedu-
lebebisa da ideebis sapirispirod) operatiul reagire-
baze, aseve calkeuli socialuri institutebis mxarda-
Weris droul gamoxatvaze. gamovlenili riskebis mar-
Tvis efeqturi sistemis gareSe rTulia mivaRwioT warma-
tebis maRal maCvenebels. riskebis marTva staJiani da ga-
mocdili JurnalistebisTvisac ki erT-erTi rTuli amo-
canaa. damwyebi Jurnalistebis umetesoba xSirad ver Se-
icnobs riskis arss. ZiriTadi mizezi riskis arsis Seuc-

229
noblobisa, realobis optimaluri balansis gaurkvevlo-
baze modis, rodesac damwyebi Jurnalistebis mxridan ad-
gili aqvs `mogebis did survilsa~ da gatacebas sakuTar
SesaZleblobaTa gadaWarbebuli Sefasebis sanacvlod.
mogexsenebaT, rac metia riski, miT metia saSiSroeba, dav-
kargoT mTliani `Sida produqti~ da auditoria poten-
ciur da realur informaciaTa burusSi CaiZiros. stra-
tegia, romliTac SeiZleba ganisazRvros calkeuli risk
jgufebisa da saerTo sazogadoebrivi SesaZleblobebis
monacemebi, SesaZloa iyos warsul gamocdilebaze dak-
virveba da analizi. strategiis efeqturoba arsebulisa
da warmosaxviTis gansazRvraSic mdgomareobs. sazoga-
doebrivi azris — maqsimaluri (zeda-sazogadoebrivi) da
minimaluri (qveda-pirovnuli) mniSvneloba, erT realur
sainformacio sivrced unda gardaiqmnas, ise rom ar da-
irRves balansi yofiTsa (realursa) da warmosaxviTs
(ararealurs) Soris. sazogadoebrivi azris sastarto
monacemebi ar unda aRematebodes konkretuli faqtis
kvlevisas dafiqsirebul maCvenebels. yvelaze martivi
strategia `yvelaferi genialuri martivia~ am SemTxveva-
Si ufro aqtiuri xdeba. strategia efuZneba im faqts,
rom informacia SeiZleba daefuZnos SekumSul, mokled
an gadataniTi mniSvnelobiT saTqmelis iribad gadmoce-
mis meTodsac. strategia gamoadgebaT rogorc damwyeb
Jurnalistebs, aseve profesionalebs. saTqmelis ZiriTa-
di arsi yovelTvis farTovdeba sazogadoebrivi tempera-
turis cvlilebis Sesabamisad. zogjer analizuri teq-
stebi sazogadoebrivi temperaturuli reJimis Sesanar-
Cuneblad, anu sasurveli klimaturi resursis Sesaqmne-
lad gamoiyeneba. amitomac, rogorc standartuli ise
arastandartuli strategia faqtis efeqturobaSi vlin-
deba. efeqturoba inacvlebs teqstis rogorc semanti-
kur, ise sintaqtikur sinamdvileze da sabolood pragma-

230
tikaSi aisaxeba, romelic aCvenebs produqciis xarisxs.
`dRes sul ufro mwvaved dgeba eTikuri kriteriumebis
mkacri gansazRvra-dadgenis saWiroeba, viTarebas ki Ta-
namedrove JurnalistikaSi gansxvavebuli paradigmebis
arseboba arTulebs: erTia amerikuli realoba, sadac
Jurnalistis profesiuli saqmianoba mxolod eTikuri
normebiT regulirdeba, meorea Cveni sinamdvile-kanoniT
regulirebuli Jurnalisturi sinamdvile~(6-1). adamia-
nisa da samyaros urTierTobaSi Jurnalisturi asaxvis
formebisa da kompoziciuri sqemebis gaCena sazogadoeb-
rivi azrovnebis ganviTarebaze migvaniSnebs. faqtis Sina-
gani samyaros karnaxiT gamosaxul yofiT an konkretul-
memoratul ambebs farTo, saerTo-sazogadoebrivi aspa-
rezi aerTianebs. swored maTi urTierTobiT gamoicnoba
da gasagebi xdeba adamianTa didi jgufebis, xandaxan mTe-
li socialuri organizmis, SexedulebaTa erTianoba. ami-
tom analitikuri teqstis simbolika upiratesad ganixi-
leba ara rogorc Jurnalistis kerZo publicistur-in-
teleqtualuri dakvirvebis Sedegi, aramed rogorc cno-
ba am realobis, rogorc nimuSis Semqmneli sazogadoebis
sistemuri Sexedulebebis Sesaxeb. simboluri azrovnebis
formebi, rogorc wesi ar Semoifargleba mxolod teri-
toriuli an eTnikuri CarCoebiT. maTSi asaxuli ideebis
samyaro universaluria da farTod gavrcelebuli. sim-
boloTa gaCena da gavrceleba xdeboda met-naklebad
msgavs socialur da kulturul garemoSi. amitomac
yvelgan ucvlelad inarCunebda teqsti sintaqtikur-se-
mantikur da pragmatul areals garkveuli SinaarsiTa da
datvirTviT. Tu gaviziarebT mosazrebas msgavs garemoSi
SexedulebaTa ideuri mniSvnelobis met-naklebi mdgra-
dobis Sesaxeb, maSin SesaZlebeli gaxdeba, isini identur
Rirebulebebad ganvixiloT, rac mogvcems SesaZleblo-
bas erT arealSi (lokaluri) romelime sazogadoebrivi

231
azris daudgeneli mniSvneloba msgavsi sinamdvilis (mas-
Staburi) safuZvelze avxsnaT. im SemTxvevaSic ki, rode-
sac cnebaTa da kategoriaTa gavrceleba politikuri Tu
ekonomikuri faqtorebis zegavleniT xdeba, gansxvave-
bul socialur garemoSi teqstis gamosaxulebaTa grafi-
kuli mxare Tu kompozicia naklebad icvleba, seriozu-
lad ar gardaiqmneba maTi Tavdapirveli semantikuri qve-
teqsti. `am SefasebaSi cxadia, igulisxmeba ara marto
enis morfologiuri da sintaqsuri wesebis dacva, aramed
mravalferovani enobrivi aqsesuarebis gamoyeneba yvela
naraciul doneze, sinamdvilis faqtebis Casma enobriv
qsovilSi, zusti da mravalferovani aRwerilobiTi da
Semfasebluri leqsikis SerCeva, eqspresiuli metyvele-
ba. saWiro SemTxvevaSi `saxeebisa~ da qveteqsturi mniS-
vnelobebis Seqmna, zogjer ironiis, sarkazmisa da sxv.
xerxebis momarjveba da a.S.~(7-1). analituri teqsti, ro-
gorc ganzogadebuli SinaarsiT datvirTuli realoba,
sawyis etapze movlenisa Tu faqtis umTavres Tvisebebs
gamoxatavs. masSi calkeul aspeqtTa kontrasti iZleva
movlenaTa aRricxvis saSualebas drosa da sivrceSi. sa-
zogadoebrivi interesi calkeuli movlenebisadmi, aseve
mTlianad samyaroSi mimdinare procesebisadmi dReisaT-
vis ufro rTuli simboluri gamomsaxvelobiT daitvir-
Ta. amitomac sxvadasxva xasiaTisa da Sinaarsis analitu-
ri teqstebi erTmaneTis msgavsi siRrmiseuli gamosaxvis
optimalur variants warmoadgenen. `imisaTvis, rom ganvi-
xiloT rogor unda moxdes movlenaTa analizi da anali-
zis elementebis gamoyeneba sagazeTo publikaciasa da sa-
televizio siuJetSi, aucilebelia, gavecnoT zogadi ana-
lizis komponentebs, romlebsac ara marto Jurnaliste-
bi, aramed sxva specialobis warmomadgenlebic iyene-
ben~(8-1). sazogadoebis progresTan erTad konkretul
cnebebTan da kategoriebTan mimarTebaSi icvleba war-

232
modgenebi. es xdeba maSin, rodesac mcirdeba masSi asaxu-
li ideis Rirebuleba da iwyeba misi Sinaarsobrivi fonis
SekumSva. roca gamosaxvis formebi met-naklebad icleba
Zveli Sinaarsisagan, teqsti mainc inarCunebs Tavis pub-
licistur funqcias da ZiriTadi da wamyvani swored teq-
stis publicistur-Sinarsobrivi Rirebuleba xdeba, rad-
gan idea nebismieri saxis teqstSi mudam aris da Sesabamisi
donis aqtualobas arasdros kargavs. mxolod icvleba
sazogadoebis damokidebuleba konkretuli ideisadmi.
dReisaTvis zogierTi Jurnalisturi forma teqstis ga-
mosaxvisa visTvis mxolod Tayvaniscemis obieqtia, vis-
Tvis umTavresi komponenti samyaroSi mimdinare cvlile-
bebisa da misdami adeqvaturi poziciis gamoxatvisa, zo-
gierTisTvis piriqiTaa; is ubralo ornamentia, romelic
ar aris aucilebeli sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi mimdina-
re movlenebs Tvali gausworos. Jurnalisturi teqsti,
rogorc sintaqtikur, semantikur da pragmatikul aspeq-
tTa sruli Tavisufleba, sadac sityva sazogadoebis da-
sarwmuneblad aris asparezzed gamosuli, pirvel yovli-
sa, gramatikuli kategoriebiT yalibdeba da imarTe-
ba.zogjer swored sxvadasxva gramatikuli kategoriebi
iZleva teqstis analitikuri gaazrebis unars gaerkves
mimdinare movlenaTa mravalfunqciurobasa Tu mraval-
mniSvnelovnebaSi. swored teqstis saSualebiT viWrebiT
ufro Rrmad ara mxolod missave saidumlo salaroSi,
aramed misive saSualebiT gamoxatuli da gadmocemuli
azris gagebisa da gaazrebis filosofiaSi. garemoeba
gramatikuli kategoriaa da is winadadebis aramTavar
wevrad gvevlineba. miuxedavad amisa, yoveli misi saxe: ad-
gilis, drois, viTarebis, mizezis, miznis, -cdilobs ax-
snas moqmedebiT an mdgomareobiT gamoxatuli Tu gadmo-
cemuli dro, adgili, viTareba, mizezi, mizani da a.S. `meo-
rexarisxovani~, aramTavari wevris statusiT warmodge-

233
nili garemoeba, umniSvnelovanesia JurnalistikaSi., sa-
dac cneba `garemoeba~ faqtis warmoqmnis, Seswavlis, gaa-
nalizebis saqmeSi erT-erTi mniSvnelovani faqtoria da
friad saintereso detalebisa da niuansebis warmomCeni.
is, Tu ra garemoebasa da viTarebaSi, an rodis, ratom,
risTvis moxda esa Tu is konkretuli qmedeba? ra garemo-
ebebma ganapiroba an warmoSva? iqneb konkretulma drom
an mizanma gansazRvra? an iqneb raime mizezia vinmes an ra-
imes mxridan faqtis warmomSobi? an iqneb adgilis gansa-
kuTrebulobam ganapiroba swored faqtis warmoSoba? aS-
karaa, rom konkretuli faqtis gamomwvevi zemoTmoyvani-
li calkeuli kiTxvis Semcvel garemoebebze amomwuravi
pasuxebi mniSvnelovnad ganapirobebs CanasaxSi arsebuli
faqtis realobad gardaqmnis arss da zrdis albaTobasa
da interess misi axsna-Seswavla-garkvevisaTvis. rodesac
gvainteresebs gavigoT kiTxvaze pasuxi: sad moxda an xde-
ba konkretuli faqti, movlena, situacia, procesi? masze
amomwuravi pasuxis gasacemad Cvendauneburad irRveva
sazRvrebi sxvadasxva garemoebebs Soris da pasuxi kiT-
xvaze: sad xdeba moqmedeba? nawilobriv Tu mTlianad ara,
sxva danarCen kiTxvaTa pasuxebis Semcvelicaa, radgan es
yvelaferi erT sivrceSi aisaxeba, erT konkretul droSi
formirdeba da konkretul realobas asaxavs. faqti erTi
mTliani kategoriaa. is iseTi mediaproduqtia, rodesac
misi `mirTmeva~ xdeba mTlianad, erTad, erTproduqtad
da ara cal-calke, nawil-nawil. yovelgvari mediapro-
duqti, romelic mravali sxva, erTmaneTisagan absolu-
turad gansxvavebuli detalebisagan, wvrilmani faqto-
rebisagan Sedgeba, erT mTlian saxe-simbolos qmnis da
TiToeuli wvrilmani erTmaneTs magnitiseburad izi-
davs, garkveul formas sZens da saboloo jamSi konkre-
tul mocemulobad yalibdeba, romelsac faqtebs veZa-
xiT. swored calkeul an sxvadasxva garemoebaTa safuZ-

234
velze Camoyalibebuli da erT `muStad~ Sekruli realo-
ba an sinamdvile-anu konkretuli faqti aris swored im
garemoebaTa uxilavi krebuli, romelic Tanabrad rea-
lizdeba ideasTan da drosTan mimarTebaSi da saerTo, sa-
intereso saxes iZens da erT mTlian mocemulobad yalib-
deba, sadac Tanabrad kompensirdeba dro da sivrce. mag-
ram mTavari am SemTxvevaSi aris faqtis arsSi mimdinare
sxvadasxva garemoebaTa gamomwvevi mizez-Sedegobrivi
kavSiri, romlis safuZvelzec erTi garemoeba bunebri-
vad iwvevs meores, meore mesames, mesame meoTxes da a.S. sa-
nam faqti `sasrul saxes~ ar miuaxlovdeba. swored es mi-
zezSedegobrivi kavSiri arRvevs sazRvrebs da iWreba
calkeul elementTa (wvrilmanTa) filosofiaSi, ise rom
erTmaneTis Semadgeneli elementebi erTmaneTisagan gan-
sxvavdebian, magram uerTmaneTod ar SeuZliaT. faqtis
dasruleba gulisxmobs maT sxva sibrtyeSi an sulac sxva
sivrceSi gadanacvlebas, rodesac erTi mdgomareobidan
meoreSi gadadis da ase xdeba usasrulod kacobriobis
daarsebidan dRemde. SeuZlebelia ganisazRvros romel
etapze romeli wvrilmani-detali sargeblobs upirate-
sobiT konkretuli faqtis warmomSob situaciaSi. nebis-
mieri faqti Tavadve moicavs `sakuTar~ idumal samyaros,
romelTa danaxva `SeuiaraRebeli~ TvaliT warmoudgene-
lia. misi danaxva SeuZliaT mxolod gansakuTrebuli ni-
WiTa da erudiciiT dajildoebul adamianebs. misi danax-
va uWirT xSir SemTxvevaSi gamocdil, staJian profesio-
nalebsac ki. amitom rodesac analizur Jurnalistikaze
vsaubrobT, Tavidanve unda gvaxsovdes, rom bevri ram
auxsneli rCeba. analizur teqstebze muSaobisas Jurna-
lists  `...xuTni saqmeni unda sWirdes:  erTi: sityva tkbi-
li unda hqondes; meore: gamwyrali daawynaros, ara Tu
mxiaruli gaawyros; mesame: piridam avi sityva ar waicTu-
nos; meoTxe: sityvis Tqmis Jami icodes; mexuTe: rac

235
Tqvas, yovels kacs moawonos~(9-1). ramdenad aris aucile-
beli sazogadoebas hqondes sruli da amomwuravi pasuxi
iseT sakiTxebze, romelTa codnis aucilebloba xSirad
aranair aucileblobas ar warmoadgens? ratom uwodeben
Jurnalistikas saxifaTo profesias? aris ki gamosavali
mxolod kiTxvebze pasuxis gacema? riski da siTamame ar
aris sakmarisi resursi analitikuri teqstebisaTvis. ga-
mosavali mxolod maRal profesionalizmSia. isev sul-
xan sabas unda davesesxoT: `mefe lavdikiisa iyo brma ca-
lis TvaliTa. hyva mxatvari xelovani da mizezsa eZebda
mis mxatvrisasa. ubrZana: — minda msgavsi Cemi saxe damixa-
to! Tqva gulsa Sina mxatvarman: aha, movida dRe aRsasru-
lisa Cemisao, Tu brma davxato, momklavs. viT mkadreo, da
Tuca orTvali, momklavs: odes ars msgavsi Cemio? moipo-
va ese Rone: daxata iremi da mefesa xelT Tofi misca, brma
Tvali dauxuWa da miarTva mefesa. am saqmes mizezi vera
hpova, da morCa mxatvari igi. — aw vxedav, mizezi Cemi es
aris, awve momkla, vin giSlis, anu vin daggmobs? ubrZana
mefeman: ara ndomiTa CemiTa aris, bedisagan mocemuli xa-
ro~(9-2). simarTle da patiosneba, miukerZoebloba da
obieqturoba, riski da siTamame JurnalistisaTvis `bedi-
sagan mocemuli~ is umTavresi kriteriumebia, romlebic
saSualebas aZlevs imuSaos analitikur teqstebze, ro-
melTadmi interesi sazogadoebaSi ufro da ufro mZaf-
rdeba da matulobs. rac metia siyalbis, sicruis, zedapi-
rulobis, moCvenebiTobisa da ukmarisobis gancda qveya-
naSi mimdinare socialur-politikur Tu ekonomikur an
sxva xasiaTis sakiTxebisadmi, imdenad mZafria interesi
sazogadoebis mxridan analitikuri teqstebisadmi. Jur-
nalistebi floben yvelaze sastiksa da daundobel ia-
raRs-sityvas, romlis msgavsi kacobriobas Tavisi daar-
sebidan ar gamougonebia. isev sulxan-sabas vesesxebiT:

236
`erTi kaci da erTi daTvi daZmobilden. awvia kacman man
daTvi igi, lxini aCvena. daTvi daeTxova, gamoesalma, man
kacman akoca da colsac akocnina daTvisaTvis. mas diac-
sa ra daTvis simyrale eca, ganerwyva da Tqva: pirmyrals
stumars ver vewyobio! wavida daTvi. da merme es kaci ew-
via da Tan culi waiRo: mois SeSas davkod da wamoviRebo!
movida daTvi da, rac maT efereboda, imgvarad ialerses.
merme daTvman dauJina: Tavze erTi culi damkar da dam-
kodeo! man kacman uari Tqva. daTvi ar moeSva. dahkra cu-
li da Tavi gautexa. daTvi tyeSi wavida da kaci Sin wamovi-
da. meores Tves Seiyarnen. daTvs Tavi gamTeleboda. daT-
vman uTxra: Zmao, Senis culiT dakodili Tavi gamimTelda
da Senis colis eniT dakodili guli arao~(9-3). gafrTxi-
leba unda `pirze momdgars sityvas~ da `sityvis Tqmis Ja-
mis codna~ upirvelesi saSualebaa da erTgvari Sansic ki
ara mxolod analitikur teqstebze momuSave Jurnalis-
tebisaTvis. Jurnalistikam sazogadoebaSi samarTliano-
bis, siyvarulisa da pativiscemis gancda unda danergos
da daamkvidros da ara undobloba, eWvi, SiSi, siZulvili
da gautanloba. anu mTavar amocanas kvlav warmoadgens
mediaSi eTikuri normebis dacvisadmi uaryofiTi tenden-
cia, romelic qarTuli sazogadoebis mxridan mediisadmi
negatiur damokidebulebaSi aisaxeba. sulxan-sabas go-
nebrivi salaro kidev erT mniSvnelovan detals gvTava-
zobs: `erTi ku da erTi morieli daZmobildnen. wavidnen
gzasa. gasavali wyali daxvdaT. morieli daRonda, gasvla
ar eZlo. kum uTxra: zurgs Semajeq, me gagiyvano! Seajda
morieli zurgs. ku ra wyalSi Securda, morielman zur-
gze kbena dauwyo. kum hkiTxa: Zmao, ras iqmo? morielman
uTxra: ra vqmna, arc me mnebavs, magra aseTis gvarisani
varT, mtersa da moyvares yvelayas unda vukbinoTo. kum

237
daiyuryumalava da morieli wyals misca da uTxra: Zmao,
arc me mnebavs, magram Cemi gvari, Tu geslians xorcs ar
gaibans, gausivdeba da mokvdebao~(9-4). rad unda ilapara-
kos Jurnalistma simarTle? rogori eniT unda mouT-
xros simarTle sazogadoebas? rogor sazogadoebaSi
gvsurs cxovreba? zemoT CamoTvlil kiTxvebze pasuxi
gulisxmobs ara mxolod analitikuri asaxvisadmi gansa-
kuTrebul pativiscemas specialistebis, aramed sazoga-
doebis mxridanac, rac kargad aisaxa zemoTmoyvanil
igavSi. dReisaTvis, e.w. yviTeli Jurnalistikis moZale-
bis miuxedavad, romelic ganapirobebs sazogadoebis Zi-
riTadi nawilis e.w. `zedapirul gamokvebas~, ramac, ro-
gorc Cans ganapiroba Tanamedrove sazogadoebis mniSvne-
lovani nawilis gadarTva yviTeli Jurnalistikisadmi,
riTac isini xelovnurad Sordebian maTTvis saintereso
da cxovrebiseulad mniSvnelovan sakiTxebs, profesio-
nalma Jurnalistebma sazogadoebas xSir-xSirad unda Se-
axsenon analitikuri teqstebiT, romelic sazogadoeb-
rivi dakveTebiT iqneba nakarnaxevi. cnobilia, rom asakis
matebasTan erTad izrdeba inteleqti, mcirdeba intui-
cia azrovnebis procesSi. isini erTmaneTs Svelian da av-
seben, magram mkveTrad icvleba Tanafardobis Skala. `in-
tuicia cvalebadi unaria. igi Zlierdeba, roca informa-
cia ileqeba sulis fskerze da xdeba mgrZnobelobis na-
wili, roca fsiqika iJRinTeba inteleqtualuri warmod-
genebiT da isini ucxo, garedan SemoWril signalebad
aRar aRiqmeba. amitom Warbi kiTxva, televizorTan an
kompiuterTan mibma mavnebelia, neldeba aqtivoba da ne-
bisyofa. didi codna inteleqtualur balastad iqceva,
romelic suls ki ar rgebs, aramed — vnebs. individi aR-
qmas, gaazrebas, gaTavisebas ver aswrebs, ise efineba
Zvels axali informacia. informaciis kaskadi cnobiere-

238
bas registratoris funqciasac ukargavs. aseT dros mex-
siereba inaxavs ara konkretul faqtebsa da azrebs, ara-
med — maTi mdinarebis suraTs. ...yvelafris mcodne ki
arafrismcodnea~(10-1). samwuxarod imata samauwyeblo
mediaSi saintereso saavtoro gadacemebisadmi erTgvar-
ma informaciulma SimSilma da JurnalistTa umetesoba
yviTeli saavtoro gadacemebiT `gaerTo~ an mxolod po-
litikiT dakavda. arada am dros uamravi Tema da sakiTxi
gverdze rCeba da `gvaviwydeba~ kidec, rom es yvelaferi
sazogadoebas erTpolusian momxmareblad aqcevs, Seiq-
mneba seriozuli disbalansi da mniSvnelovani problemi-
sadmi sazogadoebrivi interesi, reaqcia aRar ikveTeba.
rogorc ukve iTqva,analizuri JurnalistikisaTvis
damaxasiaTebelia dasabuTebuli, damajerebeli, amomwu-
ravi pasuxi gasces yvelaze mniSvnelovan da saintereso
kiTxvas, eZios sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis ganviTarebis
yvelaze efeqturi gzebi da saSualebebi. warmatebuli Tu
warumatebeli nabijis dasabuTebuli axsna aris piroba
movlenebis ganviTarebisa dadebiTi mimarTulebiT, raTa
Sesabamisad moxerxdes situaciaTa saWiroebisamebr mar-
Tva, sxvadasxva socialuri jgufebis saqmianobis gansaz-
Rvra da motivirebul interesTa amocnoba, aseve moxer-
xdes SesaZlo ganviTarebis tendenciebis gamokveTa da
dadgena imisa, ra niSan-Tvisebebma iqonia gadamwyveti
mniSvneloba aRniSnul procesSi. cxovrebiseuli faqte-
bisa da movlenebis ganzogadeba-analizi met-naklebad
xdeba ramdenime Jurnalistur JanrSi, magram am mxvriv
yvelaze metad gamoirCeva ori maTgani — korespondencia
da statia. maTi umTavresi Tavisebureba ki mdgomareobs
ramdenad dawvrilebiT da Rrmad Seiswavlian da ikvleven
aramarto faqtsa Tu problemas, aramed maT warmomSob
mizezebsac, iZlevian analizs, axdenen ganzogadebas, rac
iZleva garkveuli daskvnis gakeTebis SesaZleblobas. ko-

239
respondenciasa da statiaSi ganmsazRvrel adgils swo-
red analizi da ganzogadeba iZleva. SeiZleba iTqvas swo-
red esaa am Janrebis ZiriTadi specifika, ris gamoc maT
analitur Janrebs vuwodebT.

literatura:

1. ucxo sityvaTa leqsikoni, 1989

2. socialur da politikur terminTa leqsikoni-cnoba-
ri,Tb. logos presi, 2004
3. moxelis samagido leqsikoni~, Tb., 2004
4. T.malaRuraZe,Tanamedrove maskomunikaciuri Teoriebi
da koncefciebi~, Tb., 2013,gv.75
5. qarTuli sabWoTa enciklobedia, t.2, Tb.1977, gv.690
6. T.jagodniSvili,2013,Jurnali `ganaTleba~, №3.
7. r.surgulaZe, e. iberi, masobrivi komunikacia, Tb.2003,
gv.154
8. m.gersamia, elementaruli nawilakebi JurnalistikaSi,
Tb.2011,gv.12
9. sulxan-saba, sibrZne-sicruisa, sabas wignebi, 2012
10. s.sigua, kulturologiis safuZvlebi, II, Tb., 2012, gv.103

240
 IX

korespondencia

ra aris korespondencia? sitva korespondencias

xmaroben farTo da viwro gagebiT. rogorc leqsikoni-
Taa ganmartebuli, farTo gagebiT `korespondencia
ewodeba firmebis, dawesebulebebis, samTavrobo da
arasamTavrobo organizaciebis mier erTmaneTisaTvis
saqmiani qaRaldebisa da sxva saxis amanaTebis gzavnas,
aseTi gzavnilebiT urTierTkavSirs, mimoweras~ (1-1).
aseT korespondencias saerTo araferi aqvs Jurnalis-
tur JanrTan. `nebismieri Janris funqcia yvelaze sru-
lad mJRavndeba ZiriTadi miznis miRwevisaTvis yvelaze
optimaluri, efeqturi gzis SerCevis SemTxvevaSi~( 2-1).
ganvixiloT korespondencia, rogorc Jurnalisturi
Janri da Tvali gavadevnoT korespondenciis specifi-
kur Taviseburebans. Cveni yoveldRiuri sazogadoeb-
rivi urTierTobebi uamravi iseTi mniSvnelovani faq-
tebis momswrea, romlebic adamianebisaTvis, martivad
rom vTqvaT, sainteresoa. maT surT icodnen meti maT-
Tvis saintereso faqtebis Sesaxeb, moisminon an waikiT-
xon axsna-ganmartebebi konkretul sakiTxebze. kores-
pondencia sazogadoebas atyobinebs, mouTxrobs da ux-
snis mniSvnelovan, saWirboroto da sayuradRebo mov-
lenebis Taobaze. `korespondencia erT-erTi yvelaze
Zveli da gavrcelebuli publicisturi Janria. mas aq-
tiurad da efeqturad iyenebs rogorc presa, ise radio
da televizia~(3-1). es Janri konkretuli faqtis an faq-
tebis gaSuqebiTaa dainteresebuli. Tumca faqtTa mra-
valricxovneba mainca da mainc momgebiani araa. aseT
SemTxvevaSi, faqtTa nakadi erT Temas, monaTesave sa-
kiTxebs unda exebodes. mTavari ara faqtebis siuxve,

241
aramed Temis aqtualoba, mniSvnelovneba, analizis,
sinTezisa da ganzogadebis unaria da am yvelafris sa-
interesod gadmocema. korespondenciis amosavali wer-
tili konkretuli cxovrebiseuli faqti, movlena Tu
procesia, romelic cxovrebis wiaRSi mimdinareobs da
Jurnalisti mas `akorespondentebs~, anu imdenad sain-
tereso da mniSvnelovani argumentebiT gamoyofs, sa-
zogadoebas mis Sesaxeb naTeli warmodgena eqmneba. ko-
respondencia ar saubrobs mSralad, zedapirulad,
bundovnad. aq saqme gvaqvs siRrmiseul gamokvlevasa da
analizTan, romelic 1.sazogadoebis interesebSia da
2.suraTovan, safuZvlian ganmartebas iZleva momxdar-
Tan dakavSirebiT. korespondenciis ena metyveli, saq-
miani, mizanmimarTuli da vrcelia. Jurnalisti Tavad
gansazRvravs ra doziT iyos miwodebuli metyveli da
saintereso winadadebebi, ramdenad SeiZleba iyos saT-
qmeli mxatvrulad gaformebuli. formaluri Tval-
sazrisiT cotaTi vrceli analitikuri koresponden-
cia asaxvis sagans yovelTvis mimzidvels, sainteresos
da gamorCeulad warmoaCens da moxdenili frazebiTa
da metyveli winadadebebiT faqtis ara marto cocxlad
Cvenebas, aramed mis srulyofil Semecnebas da gaanali-
zebasac uwyobs xels. faqtis agitatiuroba korespon-
denciis bunebaSia da gansakuTrebuli interesi misdami
mravlismetyvelia imitomac, sazogadoebam ifiqros,
Cawvdes, CauRrmavdes, igrZnos da ganicados kidec.
amasTan korespondencia `cdilobs~ ar dainteresdes
mizezebiT, problematikiT, imis garkveviT, rac Tan
moyveba xolme ama Tu im faqtis, movlenis, procesis ga-
momwvev mizezebs. faqtis konstatacia-warmoCena-xaz-
gasma, faqtiT gamowveuli Sedegi, iseTi mdgomareobaa,
rodesac faqti Tavad eweva agitacias, saubrobs `saku-
Tari Tavis~ Sesaxeb da auditoria cdilobs bolomde

242
gaerkves dainaxos, gaigos da erwmunos kidec. amitoma-
caa, analitikur JanrTa momxmarebeli meti pasuxis-
mgeblobiT, Rrma azrovnebiT, metis codniTa da metis
gagebiT dainteresebuli, radganac wvrilmanebSi ixe-
deba, detalebiT interesdeba, faqtis konkretikiT
ifargleba, rac saqmeSi Caxeduli sazogadoebisaTvis
savsebiT gasagebia igrZnos da ganicados faqti, ro-
gorc Sedegi.
faqtisadami avtoris damokidebuleba gamorCeu-
lia da gansxvavebuli korespondenciaSi, radgan avto-
ris mizandasaxuleba auditoriisaTvis faqtis miwode-
bas gulisxmobs. mediaauditoria cdilobs swored faq-
tis saSualebiT gaerkves cxovrebis Tundac erT mniS-
vnelovan momentze, Tavadve gaiazros da ganazogados
is da amasTan gamoitanos sasurveli daskvnebi. kores-
pondenciis Janrobriv Taviseburebad SeiZleba miviCni-
oT aseve faqtisadmi ara ubralo Setyobineba, rogorc
magaliTad informaciul Janrebs axasiaTebT, aramed
msjelobisa da ganzogadebis safuZvelze gadmocemuli
tipiuri da sazogadoebrivad saintereso faqtis ana-
lizi da Sefaseba, rasac mosdevs saTanado daskvnebic.
Jurnalistma ara mxolod dainaxos faqti, unda gan-
Wvritos misi adgili sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi. faq-
tebi, romelTa Sesaxebac korspondencia iqmneba, drou-
lad asaxvas saWiroebs, mniSvnelovan da sazogadoebri-
vad saintereso faqtebze operatiuli reagireba mniS-
vnelovania auditoriisaTvis, radgan rac ufro `axa-
lia~ faqti, miT ufro metyvelia da Sesabamisad metia
zemoqmedebis efeqtic da Rirebulebac.
faqti korespondenciis safuZvelia. koresponden-
ciis avtori arkvevs faqtis warmomSob mizezebs — ra
mniSvneloba aqvs faqts, ramdenad mosawonia Tu uarsa-
yofia igi, ra perspeqtivaSi unda ganvixiloT da Sevafa-

243
soT es faqti, ra daskvnebi unda gamovitanoT am faqtis
gaazrebis Semdeg da sxva. faqtze msjeloba korespon-
denciaSi aSkara, pirdapiri da publicisturia, mixve-
ul-moxveuli araferia. swori da pirdapiri gziT midis
mkiTxveli sasurvel daskvnamde. korespondenciaSi
faqti ise unda iqnes gaSuqebuli, msjeloba-ganzogade-
ba da Sefaseba-daskvnebi ise unda mivawodoT sazogado-
ebas, rom erTgvarad naTeli gaxdes faqtis warmoSobis
mizezic da misi mniSvnelobac sazogadoebrivad.
ganvixiloT magaliTebi: `kviris palitra~-07-03-
2011, publikaciidan `kodas~ safirmo maRaziebSi mom-
xmarebels bevri siaxle da xelsayreli fasebi elis...
Tbilisis garda, `kodas~ marketebi saqarTvelos did
qalaqebSic gaixsneba”.
korespondenciis dasawyisSi avtori sainteresod
saubrobs sakmaod cnobili `kodas~ mier warmoebul
produqciaze. msjelobs faqtze, romelzedac sazoga-
doebas garkveuli warmodgena aqvs da amasTan ufro me-
tia interesi imisa, rom kidev ufro meti icodnen mis
Sesaxeb. saqme imaSia, rom `kodas~ mier warmoebuli pro-
duqcia erT-erT ZiriTad sasursaTo produqtTa siaSia
da amdenad interesi misdami metia. `ramdenime Tvea, rac
TbilisSi kompania `kodas~ safirmo maRaziebi gamoCnda.
kvercxi, qaTmis nedli Tu gayinuli xorcproduqtebi
maRaziis daxlebze Zalian xelsayrel fasad iyideba da
rac mTavaria, yvela es produqcia sawarmodan daxlze
umokles droSi xvdeba. Sesabamisad, momxmarebeli yo-
velTvis garantirebulad axal produqcias yidulobs
da kmayofilebas imiT gamoxatavs, rom arCevans `kodas~
sasargeblod akeTebs.~
momdevno abzacSi werilis avtori mokled acnobs
mkiTxvel sazogadoebas kompaniis daarsebis istorias,

244
kompaniis xelmZRvanelobis mier gaweul saqmianobas da
xazs usvams faqtisadmi erTgulebas: avtors surs mkiT-
xveli sazogadoeba erTi konkretuli faqtis irgvliv
daainteresos da momarTos. am mizniT werilis avtori
akeTebs erTgvar winswrebas movlenebisadmi da xazs us-
vams Zalze saintereso detals imis Taobaze, rom kodas
mier warmoebuli kvercxi ucxour bazarzec konkuren-
tunariania: Sps `poultri jorjia~ `koda~, yofili
Tbilisis sanaSene reproduqtoris bazaze Svidi wlis
win daarsda. im dros sawarmo mTlianad ganadgurebuli
iyo, amitom `kodas~ Tavkacebma miiRes gadawyvetileba,
rom sawarmos asamuSaveblad 5 milioni laris investi-
cia CaedoT. sawarmom axali teqnologiebiT da axali
simZlavriT daiwyo muSaoba, misma produqciam maleve
moipova popularoba, momxmareblis ndoba da adgilob-
rivi bazris garkveuli segmenti daikava. dRes kompania
`koda~, ramdenime adgilobriv sawarmosTan erTad sru-
liad akmayofilebs qarTul samomxmareblo bazars sa-
sursaTo kvercxiT. metic, `kodas~ mier warmoebuli
kvercxi axlo aRmosavleTis qveynebSi eqsportzec ga-
dis~.
korespondenciis mizani am SemTxvevaSi momxdari
faqtis Sesaxeb safuZvliani codnis miwodebaa audito-
riisaTvis, rac eyrdnoba avtoris rogorc cocxal dak-
virvebas, aseve faqtis Sesaxeb srul warmodgenas da
aqedan cotaTi `Sekvecili~ formiT movlenis gadmoce-
mas. zurab WuWulaSvili, kompania `poultri jorjia~ —
`kodas~ generaluri direqtori: `2002 wlidan dRemde
kompaniaSi 10 milion larze meti moculobis reinves-
ticia ganvaxorcieleT. moxda Cveni sawarmoo resurse-
bis teqnikuri gadaiaraReba da amis fonze warmoebis

245
procesebis gaumjobeseba. amJamad Cvens kompaniaSi,
mTeli saqarTvelos masStabiT, 700-mde TanamSromelia
dasaqmebuli da gvaqvs warmoebis imxela resursi, rom
damatebiT kidev 300 adamiani davasaqmoT.~ korespon-
denciaSi auditoriisaTvis gaTvlili saintereso faq-
tis Sesaxeb `pirvelwyaro raime ambavsa Tu movlenaze
yovelTvis publikaciis avtoria. zustad is `akores-
pondentebs~ movlenas adgilidan, Tavadve axdens mom-
xdaris interpretirebas, eyrdnoba ambis, movlenisa Tu
faqtis Tanamonawileebisa da mowmeebis azrs, aseve pi-
rad, uSualo dakvirvebebs. swored faqtis aseT Tanamo-
nawileobasTan gvaqvs saqme, rodesac avtori imowmebs
swored kompaniis generaluri direqtoris saubars,
romelic kidev ufro metad amyarebs avtoriseul po-
zicias.: `kodas~ warmoebisTvis weliwadSi daaxloebiT
10 aTasi tona marcvleuli — simindi da xorbali sWir-
deba. am marcvleuli kulturebis garkveul nawils
kompania qarTveli glexebisa da fermerebisgan yidu-
lobs, rac aseve qmnis damatebiT samuSao adgilebs. sa-
warmo mTlianad Tanamedrove teqnologiebiT aris aR-
Wurvili, xolo produqcia, romelsac `koda~ awarmo-
ebs, daxlze moxvedramde ramdenime laboratoriul
kvlevas gadis~.
`vawarmoebT rogorc sufris kvercxs, aseve qaTmis
xorcproduqtebs. es gaxlavT rogorc gayinuli, aseve
nedli qaTami, gayinuli qaTmis danawevrebuli nawile-
bi: frTa, kuWi, RviZli, barkali, file da a.S. anu vawar-
moebT absoluturad yvela xorcproduqts, romelic
SesaZloa miviRoT qaTmisgan. mniSvnelovania, rom Cven
momxmarebels vTavazobT qarTul, xarisxian produqci-
as. xarisxis garanti ki CvenTvis aris rogorc Tanamed-

246
rove teqnologiebiT aRWurvili sawarmo, romelsac
amierkavkasiaSi analogi ar hyavs, aseve distribucia,
romelic yvela aucilebeli parametris dacviT xorci-
eldeba,~ — ambobs zurab WuWulaSvili.
am SemTxvevaSi korespondenciisaTvis damaxasiaTe-
beli ZiriTadi Tviseba Tu xasiaTi ixsneba da adgili
aqvs faqtis axsnas, misi mniSvnelobis gansazRvrasa da
ganviTarebis prognozs. rodesac saubaria `kodas~ mier
warmoebul xarisxian produqciaze, Tanamedrove teq-
nologiebiT aRWurvil sawarmoze, romelsac amierkav-
kasiaSi analogi ar aqvs da distribuciaze, romelic
yvela aucilebeli parametris dacviT xorcieldeba. am
SemTxvevaSi korespondenciis avtori iyenebs Semecne-
bis Teoriul meTodebs: analizs, sinTezs, induqcias
(intuicia, saganTa uSualo codna. mimarTulia kerZo-
dan zogadisaken da arsebiTad mopovebuli codnis gan-
zogadebas eweva). yvela am meTodTa erTgvari Tavmoyra
ar qmnis xelovnurobis STabeWdilebas, piriqiT publi-
kaciis Sinaarsi met damajereblobasa da efeqts iZens.
`kodas~ produqciis distribucia mTeli saqarTve-
los masStabiT specialuri, samacivre danadgariT aR-
Wurvili avtomobilebiT xdeba, romelic kompaniam swo-
red am daniSnulebiT holandiaSi SeiZina. Sesabamisad,
rodesac momxmarebeli `kodas~ xorcproduqtebs yidu-
lobs, darwmunebuli unda iyos, rom sawarmodan misi
transportireba ise moxda, rom produqciis Senaxvis
arc erTi norma ar darRveula. bolo dros, globalu-
ri Tu Sida mizezebis gamo, samomxmareblo fasebi mniS-
vnelovnad gaizarda. `kodaSi~ amboben, rom yvela Rones
xmaroben, raTa Zveli fasebi SeinarCunon da amiT mom-
xmarebeli asargeblon. `bolo sami welia sasursaTo

247
kvercxis fasi faqtobrivad ar Secvlila da es imis miu-
xedavad, rom samomxmareblo bazarze TiTqmis yvela
produqciis fasi gaizarda. aseTi stabiluri fasi, ro-
goric sasursaTo kvercxs aqvs, vfiqrob arc erT sxva
sasursaTo produqtze ar SeiniSneba. rac Seexeba qaT-
mis xorcproduqtebis bazars, aq konkurencias impor-
tirebuli produqcia gviwevs, Tumca momxmarebelma
kargad icis ra upiratesoba aqvs adgilobrivad warmo-
ebuls~.
zogadad korespondenciis masStaburoba sivrcisa
da drois erTianobaSi gamoixateba, rac yvela Jurna-
listuri gvarisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli. magram unda
aRvniSnoT, rom droisa da sivrcis araTanabroba ana-
litikur JanrebTan mimarTebaSi metad araefeqturia
da piriqiT, Zalze sazianoc aRmoCndeba Tuki darRveu-
li iqneba es piroba. am SemTxvevaSi saqme exeba produq-
cias, romelic Zalze optimalur droSi realizebas
gulisxmobs da ara mgonia isedac erTi SexedviT ar Can-
des es. produqcia daxlebze `cocxlad~ unda miewode-
bodes da rac ufro moculobiTi iqneba, miT ukeTesi.
`es gaxlavT, rogorc misi Senaxvis vadebi, xarisxi da
zogadad adgilobrivi warmoebis mniSvneloba qveynis
ekonomikisTvis. amJamad qarTuli warmoebis qaTmis
xorcproduqtebs adgilobrivi bazris 25% ukavia. Cven
vimedovnebT, rom momavalSi mogvimravldebian konku-
rentebi biznesis am segmentSi da iseve, rogorc kver-
cxis SemTxvevaSi importis Canacvleba mTlianad moxde-
ba adgilobrivi warmoebis qaTmis xorcproduqtebiT.
Cveni qaTami Tu misi danawevrebuli nawilebi, dakvli-
dan meore-mesame dRes aRwevs momxmareblamde. vfiqrob,
amiT bevri ram naTqvamia.~ — gviyveba `kodas~ xelmZRva-

248
neli. cota xnis win, kompania `kodam~ adgilobriv ba-
zarze qaTmis nedli xorci Seitana da realizaciis mo-
culoba dReSi daaxloebiT tona-naxevramde gazarda,
rac mokle periodSi sakmaod kargi maCvenebelia. kompa-
niaSi amboben, rom adgilobrivi bazris monitorings
sistematurad atareben, Sesabamisad swavloben momxma-
reblis moTxovnebsa da iTvaliswineben maT SeniSvnebs.
Sesabamisad, `kodas~ yvela axali produqti momxmareb-
lis moTxovnebsa da gemovnebazea morgebuli. amJamad
kompaniaSi ISO– 9001-is standartebis mixedviT serti-
ficireba mimdinareobs. am sertifikatis miReba kompa-
niis mimarT kidev ufro gazrdis sandoobis xarisxs,
rogorc adgilobriv, ise saerTaSoriso bazrebze~.
korespondenciis bolo monakveTSi sworedac faq-
tis axsna, misi mniSvnelobis gansazRvra da ganviTarebis
samomavlo prognozia. es ki saSualebas aZlevs mkiT-
xvels kidev erTxel darwmundes mocemuli konkretuli
faqtis sizusteSi da Tavad gaakeTos daskvnebi: SeiZinos
da erTguli momxmarebeli gaxdes aRniSnuli produqci-
isa Tu sxva produqciaze gaakeTos arCevani. `rac Seexeba
`kodas~ samomavlo gegmebs, sawarmoSi warmoebis mocu-
lobis da produqciis asortimentis zrdas gegmaven. Se-
saZloa mokle xanSi maRaziis daxlebze kompania `kodas~
mier warmoebuli nedli qaTmis danawevrebuli nawile-
bic gamoCndes. garda amisa, axlo momavalSi gaizrdeba
`kodas~ safirmo maRaziebis raodenobac, rogorc Tbi-
lisSi, aseve saqarTvelos did qalaqebSi. magaliTad,
pirvel etapze igegmeba maRaziebis gaxsna rusTavSi, qu-
Taissa da baTumSi. ase rom, `kodas~ produqcia sul uf-
ro xelmisawvdomi xdeba saqarTvelos yvela kuTxis mom-
xmareblisTvis~. am SemTxvevaSi korespondenciis avtori

249
publikaciaSi gaSuqebul faqtze ise martivad da naT-
lad msjelobs da iZleva swor Sefaseba-daskvnas, rom
naTeli xdeba faqtis warmomSobi mizezic da misi sazo-
gadoebrivi mniSvnelobac. aseve aSkaraa mxatvruli ele-
mentebis nakleboba korespondenciaSi, magram faqti da
masTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi gaSliT, vrclad, amom-
wuravad aris gaSuqebuli. es ki udavod xels uwyobs ma-
salis mkiTxvelamde daubrkolebliv misvlas. dasaxele-
buli korespondencia yuradRebas iqcevs gamosaxvis sa-
SualebebiT. masSi mxatvruli elementi, dialogi, mox-
denili winadadebebi Cveulebrivi ram aris. aq mSralad,
depeSurad ki araa warmodgenili faqti, aramed coc-
xlad, dialogis gamoyenebiT. is, rac adgils ver hpoveb-
da informaciul SeniSvnaSi, savsebiT bunebrivad iqna
gamoyenebuli korespondenciaSi. azrTa gamosaxvis saSu-
alebebi da xerxebic sxvadasxvanairia. es savsebiT buneb-
rivia, radgan swored mravalferovnebaSi, siaxleSi, axa-
li xerxebisa da saSualebebis ZiebaSi Cans yoveli kores-
pondenciis warmateba.
07-03-2011 — gazeTi `kviris palitra” publikacii-
dan `proeqti `usafrTxo da janmrTeli skola.~
`ramdenime Tvis win saqarTvelos ganaTlebis sami-
nistrom skolebSi proeqti `usafrTxo da janmrTeli
skola~ wamoiwyo. bavSvebSi mavne Cvevebis aRmosafxvre-
lad, maT ar unda hqonodaT jibeSi naRdi fuli da sko-
lis teritoriaze, ZiriTadad sasadiloebsa da bufeteb-
Si, angariSi mxolod plastikuri baraTebiT unda gaes-
worebinaT~. korespondenciis dasawyisSi avtori saub-
robs Tanamedrove saskolo cxovrebaSi arsebul prob-
lematikaze. sakiTxis aqtualobidan gamomdinare weri-
lis avtori msjelobs sakmaod cnobil faqtze, romel-
zedac sazogadoebas garkveuli warmodgena aqvs da amas-
Tan ufro metia interesi imisa, rom kidev ufro meti
250
icodnen mis Sesaxeb. saqme imaSia, rom dasawyisSive naxse-
nebi plastikuri baraTebis gamoyenebis erTgvari `daa-
nonseba~ kidev ufro met interess sZens aRniSnul sa-
kiTxs da zrdis kidec misdami interess. `moswavleTaT-
vis plastikur baraTebs ramdenime banki gascemda. geg-
mis Tanaxmad, es procesi wleuls 1-el martamde unda
dasrulebuliyo. swored am droidan, ganaTlebis sami-
nistros debulebiT, saskolo bufetebsa da sasadilo-
ebSi naRdi fuliT angariSsworeba aikrZala, magram aR-
moCnda, rom moswavleTa did nawils, sxvadasxva mizeziT,
plastikuri baraTi ar auRia, xolo visac aqvs, misi gamo-
yenebisas problema eqmneba~. Jurnalistis msjeloba me-
ore abzacidan TiTqos erTgvarad sxva Temaze gadadis,
magram swored es aris mkiTxvelis dainteresebis mniS-
vnelovani faqtori, rodesac igive sabanko seqtorisad-
mi aqtualuri interesi sazogadoebisa dRiTi dRe iz-
rdeba da es yvelaferi realuri cxovrebiseuli prob-
lematikis mniSvnelovani nimuSia. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT
im garemoebasac, rom dRes TiTqmis yvela ojaxi erTgva-
rad `valSia~ qveyanaSi arsebuli bankebisadmi, mkiTxve-
li aq erTbaSad Seecdeba kidec daZabos yuradReba, rai-
me maTTvis sasargeblo, axali da damaimedebeli egeb xom
ar gamoCndeba rame. `skolebis sabaraTe sistemaze gadas-
vlam problemebi Seuqmna mewarmeebs, romlebsac skolis
bufetebi ijariT hqondaT aRebuli da kvebis produqte-
biT vaWrobdnen. ramdenime iZulebuli gaxda, kvebis obi-
eqti daexura, am safrTxis winaSe sxvebic dganan~. am pa-
tara abzacSi avtors surs mkiTxveli sazogadoebis er-
Ti konkretuli faqtiT daintereseba. am mizniT is ake-
Tebs erTgvar winswrebas movlenebisadmi da xazs usvams
Zalze saintereso process imis Taobaze, rom skolebis
sabaraTe sistemaze gadasvla problemas uqmnis mewarme-

251
ebs, rom bevrs daexura kvebis obieqti. ` cota xnis win~
ekopalitras~ erT-erTi aseTi mewarme daukavSirda, te-
lefoniT saubars moerida da redaqciaSi gvestumra.
`gTxovT, Cemi anonimuroba daculi iyos, radgan rasac
getyviT, imis gamo SesaZloa problemebi Semeqnas. sxvaTa
Soris, aq mosvla gazeT ..ekopalitris~ bolo nomerSi ga-
moqveynebulma statiam `ara biznesmen hkla...~ gadamaw-
yvetina, sadac saxelmwifos mxridan kerZo seqtorze ze-
wolaze iyo saubari. dRes aseT wnexs msxvil biznesTan
erTad, mcire da saSualo biznesic ganicdis. SarSan no-
emberSi davinteresdi, hqonda Tu ara yvela skolas mow-
yobili sasadilo, movipove skolebis cnobari da yvela
skolis xelmZRvanels piradad davukavSirdi. sadac bu-
feti ar moqmedebda da direqcias survili hqonda, sko-
lis teritoriaze kvebis obieqts emuSava, martivi pro-
ceduris mixedviT gavaforme saijaro xelSekruleba,
inventari Sevitane da muSaoba daviwye. kvebis obieqtebi
Tbilisis 17 skolaSi gavxseni da 50 adamiani davasaqme.
gavaforme xelSekrulebebi gamagrilebeli sasmelebisa
da tkbileulis distributorebTan, mokled, saqme avaw-
yve. wleuls 1-el martamde gvqonda ufleba, plastikur
baraTebTan erTad, naRdi angariSsworebiTac gvevaWra,
mas Semdeg ki moswavleebisgan fulis miRebas kategori-
ulad gvikrZalaven. am akrZalvas momzadebuli Sevxvdi,
bankebisgan terminalebi viqirave, yoveli skolis bu-
fetSi saSualod ori terminali davamontaJe. TiTo
terminalze TveSi 30 lari maqvs gadasaxdeli, brunvida-
nac 0,01% banks rCeba~. korespondenciaSi faqtis anali-
zi, masze msjeloba, publicisturi, pirdapiri da aSka-
raa da ara mixveul-moxveuli an bundovani. swori da

252
pirdapiri gziT midis mkiTxveli sasurvel daskvnamde.
am SemTxvevaSic korespondenciis mizani momxdari faq-
tisa Tu movlenis Sesaxeb safuZvliani codnis miwode-
baa. es yovelive avtoris `cocxal~ dakvirvebas, momxda-
ri faqtis Sesaxeb srul warmodgenasa da aqedan cotaTi
`Sekvecili~ formiT movlenis gadmocemas eyrdnoba.
`ganaTlebis saministros akrZalvas marTalia, momzade-
buli Sevxvdi, magram rad ginda — aRmoCnda, rom moswav-
leebis mxolod mcire nawils aqvs baraTi. erT-erT sko-
laSi, sadac 700 moswavlea, baraTi mxolod xuTs aRmoaC-
nda. arc erTs ar axsovda baraTis pinkodi da maTi momsa-
xureba SeuZlebeli gaxda. skolis sruli gabaraTianebis
SemTxvevaSi sasadilom rom gamarTulad imuSaos da yve-
la moswavles droulad moemsaxuros, sul cota, 7-8
terminalia saWiro. isic unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom yo-
vel terminalTan saWiroa TiTo gamyidveli da Sesabami-
si xelfasi. plastikur baraTebze skolis bufetSi vaW-
roba ki imdenad xangrZlivi da mouxerxebeli procesia,
rom dasvenebis ganmavlobaSi 20 bavSvze mets ver vemsa-
xurebiT. warmoidgineT, moswavlem unda mogvawodos ba-
raTi, romelic unda gavataroT terminalze, mivuTiToT
pinkodi, Semdeg gviTxras, ras SeiZens, terminalze av-
krifoT mis mier miTiTebuli produqciis Rirebuleba,
mivuTiToT dadastureba da amis Semdeg davelodoT Ce-
kis amortymas. bavSvebs xSirad aviwydebaT baraTis pin-
kodi, eSlebaT da samjer mcdari kodis akrefis Semdeg
baraTi iblokeba~. `...vaWrobis Semcirebis Semdeg, gamag-
rilebeli sasmelebisa da tkbileulis distributorebs
axal SekveTebs veRar vaZlev da amis gamo xelSekrule-
bis gauqmebiT memuqrebian. sxvaTa Soris, mas Semdeg, rac
ramdenime skolaSi plastikuri baraTebis programa

253
amoqmedda, aman iseTi uaryofiTi gavlena iqonia sko-
lebze, rom 17 obieqtidan Svidi davxure da 28 adamiani
daviTxove. vfiqrob, Tu ase gagrZelda, danarCeni obieq-
tebic imave beds gaiziareben. is bavSvebi, visac plasti-
kuri baraTebi ar aqvT, cdiloben, rogorme skolis Se-
nobidan gaaRwion da saWmeli gareT SeiZinon. am proble-
masTan dakavSirebiT Semosavlebis samsaxurs mivmarTe,
sadac mipasuxes, rom Tu naRdi fuliT angariSsworebi-
sas salaro aparats viyeneb, kanons ar varRvev(!) ganaT-
lebis saministroSi ki mpasuxoben, rom naRdi fulis mi-
Reba mekrZaleba. ra gamodis — ganaTlebis saministros
debuleba sagadasaxado kodeqss ewinaaRmdegeba?~
am abzacis mTavari RerZi faqtis irgvliv trialebs
da, swored, es aris mniSvnelovani, radgan avtori miznad
isaxavs mkiTxvelisaTvis TviT faqtis Cvenebas, raTa misi
saSualebiT ufro metad daafiqros mkiTxveli proble-
mis am erT `detalze~, gaaazrebinos is, ganazogadebinos
da gamoataninos Sesabamisi daskvnebi, rac xels Seuw-
yobs sazogadoebis mobilizebas mimdinare procesebSi
misive aqtiuri CarTvis mizniT. am SemTxvevaSic adgili
aqvs korespondenciis erTi mTliani mocemulobidan
konkretuli faqtis gamoyofas, axsnas, misi mniSvnelo-
bis gansazRvrasa da ganviTarebis prognozs. `...yvela sa-
vaWro obieqtSi momxmarebels arCevani aqvs — fuli naR-
di angariSsworebiT gadaixados Tu unaRdoTi. skolis
bufetebi gamonaklisi aRmoCnda. garda amisa, socialu-
ri fonidan gamomdinare, mSobelTa umetesobas ar aqvs
SesaZlebloba, rom Svils erTbaSad 20 lari dauricxos
baraTze, magram SeuZlia misTvis yovel dRe TiTo lari
gamoyos. bevri rom aRar gavagrZelo, saxelmwifo moxe-
leebis ugunuri Tu mizanmimarTuli qmedebebis gamo, sa-

254
qarTveloSi biznesis kidev erTi mcire segmenti aRmoC-
nda daxurvis safrTxis qveS. Cems mdgomareobaSi arian
Cemi kolegebi da maTi saxeliTac gesaubrebiT. garda
amisa, gvaqvs safuZvliani eWvi, rom skolebidan mcire me-
warmeebis gandevna mizanmimarTulad moxda da am seqto-
ris monopolizebas xelisuflebasTan daaxloebuli
biznesi apirebs~, — gviTxra erT-erTma mewarmem. `ekopa-
litra~ da `TV palitris~ gadamRebi jgufi Tbilisis
№161-e skolas estumra, raTa Tavad Segvefasebina is vi-
Tareba, ris Sesaxebac Cveni respondenti saubrobda. ro-
gorc gavarkvieT, dRes skolaSi `liberTi bankis~ plas-
tikuri baraTebi moqmedebs, Tumca manamde moswavleebi
`taoprivatbankis~ baraTebiT sargeblobdnen. isic Se-
vityeT, rom am ukanasknelis baraTebi xSirad iblokebo-
da, rac mouxerxebeli iyo da amitom maTi Secvla konku-
renti bankis baraTebiT gadawyda~. faqtebis siuxve, ro-
melic Seqmnili situaciis ukeT warmoCenisa da Cvenebi-
saTvis warmoadgina korespondenciis avtorma, am Sem-
TxvevaSi erTmaneTs avseben, iZlevian situaciis marti-
vad Sefasebis saSualebas. arc erTi faqti aq ar aris xe-
lovnuri an yuriT moTreuli situaciis dasamZimeblad.
piriqiT, am SemTxvevaSi faqtTa simravle sworedac emsa-
xureba situaciidan gamosavlis saukeTeso variantis Zi-
ebas. Jurnalistis amocanaa daanaxos sazogadoebas rea-
loba da apovninos gzebi: ra da rogor jobia, rom iyos
ufro ukeT, vidre aris. es ar aris mxolod ubralod
faqtis axsna, aramed aq Cans faqtis mniSvnelobis gansaz-
Rvrac da ikveTeba erTgvari prognozic, Tu ra iqneba
xval an samomavlod. `ganaTlebis saministroSi aseve ir-
wmunebian, rom saskolo sasadiloebSi naRdi fuliT an-
gariSsworeba dResac mimdinareobs, xolo plastikuri

255
baraTebis darigebis procesi 2011 wlis bolomde gag-
rZeldeba~.ekopalitram~ kidev ramdenime skolaSi gada-
amowma informacia ganaTlebis saministros axali ak-
rZalvis Sesaxeb da yvelgan dagvidastures, rom sasko-
lo sasadiloebSi naRdi fuli ar brunavs da viTarebas
mandaturis samsaxurTan erTad skolis direqciac mkac-
rad akontrolebs~. sagazeTo masalis bolo monakveTSi
avtori kvlav agrZelebs damajerebel argumentacias
dasmuli problemis irgvliv da kidev erTxel cdilobs
faqtis axsnas, mniSvnelobis gansazRvras, rac exmareba
mkiTxvels Tavad gamoitanos daskvnebi da ganaviTaros
samomavlo prognozic. es aris saukeTeso saSualeba
mkiTxvelis dasarwmuneblad konkretul SemTxvevaSi.
korespondenciis avtoris damsaxurebad unda CaiTva-
los aseve warmodgenili faqtebis siuxve da maTi warmo-
Cinebis unari, romlebic Tavad laparakoben da metyve-
leben ara imitom, rom vinme moatyuon, SecdomaSi Seiyva-
non, aramed eZebon, aCvenon da ipovon saukeTeso gamosa-
vali.

literatura:

1. ucxo sityvaTa leqsikoni, 1989

2. n.tabiZe, publicistikis sakiTxebi, wigni I, Tb.2011, gv.38
3. T.malaRuraZe, Tanamedrove publicisturi Janrebis Ta-
viseburebani, Tb.2009, gv.66
4. gazeTi `kviris palitra”-07-03-2011
5. gazeTi `kviris palitra~-07-03-2011

256
 X

statia

statia, erT-erTi yvelaze msxviltaniani da mocu-

lobiTi Jurnalisturi Janria, romelic Zalze sainte-
resod, farTod da masStaburad avlens da aanalizebs
sazogadoebisaTvis aqtualur, mniSvnelovan, gaxmaure-
bul Tu gauxmaurebel faqtebs, movlenebsa da proce-
sebs, xsnis mizez-Sedegobriv kavSirs momxdar sinamdvi-
leze, azustebs konkretul detalebs, ikvlevs sxvadas-
xva garemoebebs, akvirdeba situacias ama Tu im momxdar
Tu mosalodnel savaraudo faqtTan mimarTebaSi da sa-
bolood akeTebs yovlismomcvel daskvnebs, ganazoga-
debs mas, iZleva prognozebs, gaTvlebs mosalodneli,
SesaZlo ganviTarebisa sxvadasxva mimarTulebiT. ami-
tomac, analitikuri statia, rogorc Janri, rTulia
Tavisi specifikiT. igi did Sromasa da energiasTan er-
Tad saWiroebs seriozul gamocdilebas Jurnalistis
mxridan, rac gamoixateba konkretuli faqtisa Tu mov-
lenis Rrma da safuZvlian Seswavlasa da gacnobiereba-
Si, erTmaneTTan SejerebaSi, eqspertebis azrebis moS-
veliebaSi, logikuri gadmocemis TanamimdevrobaSi,
daskvnis gamotanis sisworeSi, miukerZoeblobasa da sa-
marTlianobaSi. `Jurnalistebs uwevT muSaoba sazoga-
doebisaTvis, romelsac sul ufro metad ainteresebs
maTi cxovrebis mniSvnelovani movlenebis yvela SesaZ-
lo aspeqti. Sedegad miviReT Jurnalistika, romelic
scdeba momxdaris faqtobrivi angariSis farglebs.
Jurnalistebisagan iTxoven, rom isini mouyvnen mkiT-
xvelebs, msmenelebs da mayureblebs, ra rogor da ra-
tom moxda. ilaparakon movlenis mizezebsa da Sedegeb-
ze~(1-1). `statia ZiriTadi Jurnalisturi Janria, rome-

257
lic udides rols asrulebs sazogadoebrivi azris
Seqmnasa da warmarTvaSi~(2-1). SeiZleba iTqvas, obieq-
turoba, samarTlianoba, miukerZoebloba, balansi,
`sityvis Tqmis Jamis codna~arc erT Jurnalistur
Janrs ise ar moeTxoveba, rogorc statias. statiis war-
moSobas ukavSireben cxovrebis ganviTarebis im peri-
ods, roca sazogadoebrivi azrovneba kmayofildeboda
mxolod movlenebis pasiuri WvretiT da ara analiziT.
rodesac daiwyo msjeloba, dapirispireba, kamaTi cxov-
rebaSi mimdinare rig faqtebTan, movlenebTan, proce-
sebTan dakavSirebiT, rodesac warmoiSva azrTa da Sexe-
dulebaTa sxvadasxvaoba calkeul konkretul qceva-
saqmianobasTan mimarTebaSi, aucilebeli gaxda axsna saq-
mis mTeli arsisa misi warmomSobi yovlismomcveli mize-
zebis gaTvaliswinebiT. amdenad saWiro gaxda im konkre-
tul faqtobriv garemoebaTa Cveneba, romelTac sxva-
dasxva etapze xeli Seuwyves konkretuli faqtebis war-
momSob mizezTa gaCenis aucileblobas, romelTac Tavis
mxvriv ganapirobes ama Tu im movlenisa da situaciis im-
dagvarad ganviTareba, romelic mocemul SemTxvevaSi
gansakuTrebuli interesis sagans warmoadgens (an war-
moadgenda) sazogadoebisaTvis. sazogadoebaSi safuZ-
vliani, siRrmiseuli, argumentirebuli, dokumenturad
dadasturebuli da dasabuTebuli, damajerebeli msje-
loba-aRwera Semdgom analizur statiaSi gadaizarda da
metad saintereso Jurnalisturi Janris saxe miiRo.
dReisaTvis, SeiZleba iTqvas, gamosaxvis amgvari formi-
sa da saSualebis gareSe Jurnalistika Zalzed Raribi da
erTob `ususuric~ ki iqneboda sazogadoebrivi azris
Seqmnis, sazogadoebaSi analituri azrovnebis Camoyali-
bebis, samoqalaqo sazogadoebis mSeneblobis gzaze ada-
mianebSi pasuxismgeblobis grZnobis damkvidrebisa da
amaRlebis saqmeSi, rac Jurnalistikas bunebrivad ekis-

258
reba adamianuri cxovrebis nebismier etapze. `sazoga-
doebrivi azris qveS Cveulebriv esmiT adamianTa Tval-
sazrisebis erToblioba im sakiTxebze, romlebic sazo-
gadoebriv interess warmoadgens. sazogadoebrivi azri
konkretuli sakiTxis mimarT individTa Sexedulebebis,
damokidebulebisa da warmodgenebis erTobliobaa, ro-
melsac iziarebs sazogadoebis didi nawili. mTlianoba-
Si, sazogadoebrivi azris rogorc socialuri interese-
bis prezentaciis mdgradi politikuri meqanizmis Camo-
yalibeba aris demokratiisa da samoqalaqo sazogadoe-
bis institutebis ganviTarebis Sedegi~(3-1). statiis
asaxvis sagani sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi mimdinare
mniSvnelovani politikuri, ekonomikuri, kulturul-
saganmanaTleblo, socialuri Tu sxva saxis ambebi, mov-
lenebi da procesebia. mas yuradRebis gareSe ar rCeba
cxovrebisaTvis mniSvnelovani momentebi,romelTac Se-
uZliaT didi rezonansis gamowveva, gansakuTrebuli da-
intereseba masebisa. statia ara mxolod gaacnobs, ara-
med naTel warmodgenas uqmnis sazogadoebas da sicxade
Seaqvs yvela im konkretul mtkivneul sakiTxsa Tu
problemebze, rac sazogadoebisaTvis mniSvnelovani, sa-
yuradRebo da gansakuTrebulia. Tumca am konkretul
SemTxvevaSic gvaqvs iSviaTad urTierTgamomricxveli,
magram xSirad gansxavebuli Sexedulebebi da midgomebi
sxvadasxva TeoretikosTa mier. veravin uaryofs im
azrs, rom statiaSi Zlieria subieqturi azri, masSi Jur-
nalistis pozicia yovelTvis dominirebs da aqedan ga-
momdinare, saWiroa sakuTari, piradi Sexeduleba, damo-
kidebuleba sakiTxisadmi ar gadaizardos tendenciur
damokidebulebaSi, mikerZoebaSi, angarebaSi. Jurnalis-
ti am SemTxvevaSi marTalia sakuTar pozicias avlens, am-
JRavnebs da gamoxatavs kidec, magram es ar aris mxolod
misi piradi azri, es pirvel rigSi sinamdvilea, situaci-

259
is mier nakarnaxevi realobaa, obieqturi WeSmaritebaa,
da is ise warmoCindeba, rogorc sinamdvileSia da ro-
melsac sazogadoebis mniSvnelovani nawili zustad ise
gaigebs, rogorc amas Jurnalisti miawvdis.
statiis Tematika, rogorc aRvniSneT, praqtikulad
ar isazRvreba. is exeba cxovrebaSi arsebul yvela faq-
tsa da movlenas, romelsac sazogadoebisaTvis met-nak-
lebad raime Rirebuleba gaaCnia:politikuri, ekonomi-
kuri, socialuri, kulturul-saganmanaTleblo, eko-
logiuri, jandacvis, sportuli da a.S. statiis amocanaa
gulwrfeli, miukerZoebeli gamokvleva da analizi faq-
tisa im mizniT, rom gamoavlinos misi warmomSobi mizezi,
saTave, is meqanizmi, romelmac moqmedebis Zala SesZina
aRniSnul problemas. Jurnalisti konkretul sinamdvi-
leze saubrisas Tavad wyvets statiis saSualebiT gamo-
avlinos mizez-Sedegobrivi kavSiri momxdar faqtTan
dakavSirebiT. aqedan gamomdinare statia iZleva Sefase-
bas ambebisa da movlenebisa, aseve warmogvidgens sagnis
ganzogadebul daxasiaTebas. analitikuri statia ar ga-
urbis prognozirebas, variantebisa da versiebis agebas,
movlenebis SesaZlo ganviTarebis Jurnalistur gadaw-
yvetas. analitikuri statiisaTvis mniSvnelovania siv-
rcesa da droSi Zalian farTod gaSla, yovlismomcve-
loba, rac SesaZleblobas iZleva daskvnebisa da Sexedu-
lebebis farTod da mravalmniSvnelovnad ganzogadebi-
sa. `analitikuri Janrebis amocanaa ara imdenad gacnoba-
Setyobineba, ramdenadac Cxreka-analizi, obieqtis arsSi
wvdoma da garkveuli kanonzomierebis dadgena, Cveneba
ara mxolod imisa, rac aris da rogoricaa, aramed ratom
aris aseTi, rogor SeiZleba misi popularizacia an aR-
kveTa~(4-1). analizur statiaze muSaobisas avtorebi Zi-
riTadad eyrdnobian Teoriul Tvalsazriss yvela mi-
marTulebiT, radganac isini Tavidan bolomde sakuTar

260
codnasa da gamocdilebas iSvelieben, azusteben wyaro-
ebisgan miwodebul informacias, cdiloben bolomde ga-
aanalizon TiToeuli wvrilmanic ki. analitur teqsteb-
ze muSaobisas aranakleb mniSvnelovani roli akisria em-
piriul meTodsac,  romelic realobis Semecnebisa da
mis Sesaxeb msjelobis erTaderT kriteriumad da wya-
rod gamocdilebas asaxelebs. empirizmi faqtebis, deta-
lebis, SemecnebiTi da nebelobiTi fenomenebis, anu zo-
gadad fsiqikuri procesebis filosofiaa. amdenad Jur-
nalistis piradi SesaZleblobebi-filosofiuri siv-
rcis, fsiqologiuri siRrmisa da diplomatiuri niWis
wvdomis unari gansakuTrebiT faseulia analitur teq-
stebze muSaobis procesSi. teqstis kompozicia — agebu-
leba Seesabameba saTqmelis Sinaarss. Sesabamisad avto-
ris ena, Tavisi Semadgeneli ZiriTadi elementebiT,
struqturiT, aspeqtebiT, mTliani leqsikuri maragiT,
warmoadgens logikur, Tanamimdevrul, avtoriseuli
saTqmelisa Tu Sexedulebis ZiriTad Sinaarss, azrs,
arss, romlis sabolood formalur-struqturul er-
Teulad Camoyalibeba bevradaa damokidebuli sinamdvi-
liT nakarnaxev situaciasa da realur sinamdvileze,
romlis safuZvelzedac avseben swored isini erTma-
neTs.

literatura:

1. melvin menCeri, axali ambebis gaSuqeba da wera, me-12 gamo-

cema, Tbilisi, 2013,gv.241
2. T.malaRuraZe, Tanamedrove publicisturi Janrebis Ta-
viseburebani, Tb. 2009, gv.75
3. sazogadoebrivi azri, m. macaberiZe, saleqcio kursi: po-
litikuri komunikacia, Tema 11. Tb. 2014, gv.4
4. n.tabiZe, publicistikis sakiTxebi, wigni I, Tb.2011, gv. 38

261
 ganvixilavT statiis sam saxes: saredaqcio,
propagandistuli, problematuri

saredaqcio

saredaqcio (mowinave) statias wers pirveli piri

(ama Tu im mediasaSualebaTa yvelaze gavleniani warmo-
madgeneli. es SesaZloa iyos redaqtori, romelic uSua-
lo gamxmovanebelia damfuZneblis interesebisa. aseT
dros araa gamoricxuli Tavad damfuZnebelic ki Caer-
Tos procesebSi da Tavadve gamoxatos piradi ganwyoba
Tu damokidebuleba gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovan faq-
tebTan, movlenebTan, procesebTan mimarTebaSi, daasa-
buTos piradi mosazreba da amiT daamtkicos Tavisi sa-
kuTari samarTliani damokidebuleba an upiratesoba
sxva gansxvavebul midgomasTan Tu midgomebTan mimar-
TebaSi erTsa da imave sakiTxze. Tumca `tipuri media-
momxmareblis SezRuduli unari, gaixsenos informaciu-
li nakadis udidesi nawili, saSualebas gvaZlevs, vivara-
udoT, rom masze Setyobinebis nakadis zemoqmedeba arc
Tu ise didia. sistematuri kvlevebis Sedegebi ar adas-
tureben, rom media namdvilad ubiZgebs adamianebs, Sei-
Zinon saqoneli, romelic maT ar sWirdebaT, arsebiTad
Seicvalon TavianTi mrwamsi, an xma miscen Zalian rekla-
mirebul politikur kandidatebs’’(1-1). Tematuri Tval-
sazrisiT sakiTxTa mravalferovneba da Sesabamisad
mniSvnelovnebac uSualod gamomdinareobs im konkre-
tuli situaciidan da realobidan, romelsac Tavad vi-
Tareba da garemoeba karnaxobs auditorias konkretul
drosa da sivrceSi. amitomac am mimarTulebiT yovel-
Tvis viTareba realobis kvaldakval warimarTeba xol-
me. saredaqcio mowinavis paTosi aqtualuria da mtkiv-

262
neuli, pirdapiria da xSirad mkacri da daufaravic. av-
tori cdilobs sajaro gaxados, msjelobisa da diskusi-
is sagnad aqcios da sinaTle Seitanos konkretul prob-
lematikaSi, romlis gadaWra Tu gadawyvetac dRis wes-
rigSi an axla dadga, an kidev didi xania gadawyetis mo-
lodinSia. saredaqcio mowinave, romelsac qmnis pirve-
li piri, an misi davalebiT sxva vinme, is mainc pirveli
piris saxeliT laparakobs, msjelobs, akeTebs daskvnebs,
warmoadgens logikur kavSirs, ufro sworad aCvenebs
mizez-Sedegobriv kavSirs realobasa da momxdars So-
ris. vimeorebT, sakiTxi exeba aqtualur, mtkivneul, sa-
Wirboroto da mniSvnelovan Temas, romelsac gamokve-
Tili oficialuri pozicia gaaCnia ama Tu im ideis, pozi-
ciis garSemo. rogorc miRebulia, amgvari masala gaze-
Tis pirveli gverdidan iwyeba da is xsnis nomers faqti-
urad. dReisaTvis msgavsi publikaciebi gamomxatvelia
calkeul sxvadasxva partiaTa ideologiisa Tu pozicii-
sa. unda iTqvas, rom msgavsi xasiaTis Jurnalisturi
teqstebi arc Tu xSirad gvxvdeba Tanamedrove mediasiv-
rceSi. amasTan yoveli mowinave anu saredaqcio im poli-
tikis gamxmovanebelia, romlis ukanac dgas esa Tu is
partia an politikuri gaerTianeba. amdenad am mimarTu-
lebiT cotaTi rTuladaa saqme, radganac imdenad gada-
ixlarTa erTmaneTSi Sexedulebebi calkeuli partiebi-
sa Tu maTi ideologebisa, erTgvarad Wirs mtyuan-mar-
Tlis garkveva. sabWoTa droSi aseT statiebs ewodeboda
`direqtiva~, Tundac `mTavari~ an `mniSvnelovani~ da
rogorc miRebuli iyo, mas gazeTis pirvelive gverdze,
pirvelive svetSi beWdavdnen. samauwyeblo mediaSi ki
Cveulebriv wamyvani pirvelive wuTidan msgavsi xasiaTis
informacias aanonsebs da awvdis sazogadoebas. mowina-
vis erT-erTi Tavisebureba isicaa, rom mas aucileblad
ecnoba sazogadoebis kritikuli nawili da mis Sesabamis

263
reaqcias yovelTvis amJRavnebs kidec. marTalia es reaq-
cia SesaZloa ar iyos yovelTvis Riad gacxadebuli, mag-
ram misdami Sesabamisi damokidebuleba yovelTvis gamo-
ixateba xolme. sazogadoebrivi azric yovelTvis adeq-
vaturad moZraobs. gazeTi `kviris palitra~-05-05-2014,
publikaciidan `skandaluri kiberdanaSauli saqarTve-
los latariis kompaniaSi! sabediswero 13, anu `iRblia-
ni latariis~ uiRblo Sedegi.
sagazeTo werilSi vkiTxulobT: `Sss-s gancxadebiT,
2014 wlis 19 aprils `saqarTvelos latariis kompaniaSi~
kiberdanaSaulis Cadenis da jgufuri TaRliTobis
mcdelobis faqtebi aRikveTa. saqme exeba 2014 wlis 18 ap-
rils `saqarTvelos latariis kompaniis~ morigi gaTama-
Sebisas momxdar faqts.
amonaridi Sss-s gancxadebidan: `daaxloebiT 20 sa-
aTsa da 45 wuTze moqalaqe daviT iaSvilma, romelsac
samsaxurebrivad evaleboda Sps `saqarTvelos fostisa~
da Sps `saqarTvelos latariis kompaniis~ programuli
uzrunvelyofa da monacemTa bazebis administrireba,
danaSaulis Cadena ganizraxa. mas Semdeg, rac cnobili
gaxda „saqarTvelos latariis kompaniis~rigiT 444-e ga-
TamaSebis pirveli kategoriis prizis momgebiani cifre-
bi — 5, 9, 15, 19, 30, 32 — isargebla samsaxurebrivi mdgoma-
reobiT (Seuferxebeli wvdoma hqonda Sesabamis server-
Tan) da xelovnurad, yovelgvari nebarTvis gareSe Sec-
vala kompiuteruli monacemi, Seqmna unikaluri kodis
mqone lotos momgebiani yalbi bileTi, romelSic miTi-
Tebuli iyo zemoaRniSnuli cifrebi~. bileTis qselSi
daregistrire — bisTanave pirveli saprizo kategoria —
jekpoti 561 176 laris odenobiT, gaTamaSebulad gamoc-
xadda, Tumca, samarTaldamcvelTa TqmiT, iaSvilma Tan-
xis TaRliTurad dauflebis ganzraxva sisruleSi ver

264
moiyvana — igi daakaves. Sss-s cnobiT, daviT iaSvili da-
naSaulis Cadenis dros moqalaqe sofio yaralaSvilTan
winaswari SeTanxmebiT moqmedebda. lotos momgebiani
yalbi bileTi sofio yaralaSvilma 561 176 laris odeno-
biT jekpotis TaRliTurad dauflebisTvis gamoiyena.
orives brali waredgina jgufurad Cadenili TaRliTo-
bis mcdelobisa da yalbi qonebrivi uflebamosilebis
damadasturebeli dokumentis jgufurad damzadebis
gamo.
`saqarTvelos latariis kompaniis~ warmomadgeneli
sulxan lacabiZe: – gaTamaSeba daiwyo 18 aprils, 20 saaT-
sa da 40 wuTze `rusTavi 2~-is pirdapir eTerSi. lotot-
ronidan burTebis Camoyra~ daiwyo 20 saaTsa da 41 wuT-
ze. momgebiani eqvsi ZiriTadi da erTi bonus ricxvi ga-
movlinda 20 saaTsa da 43 wuTze. proceduris mixedviT,
20 saaTsa da 44 wuTze daiwyo gaTamaSebaSi gamarjvebuli
bileTebis identifikaciisa da Sesabamisi saprizo Tan-
xebis gansazRvris procesi. amisTvis lotos centra-
lur eleqtronul sistemaSi Segvyavs momgebiani ric-
xvebi. swored am dros, 20 saaTsa da 44 wuTze, usafrTxo-
ebis sistemam daafiqsira Setyobineba monacemTa bazaSi
arasanqcirebuli cvlilebis Sesaxeb, ramac Seaferxa ga-
marjvebuli bileTebisa da saprizo Tanxebis dadgenis
procesi da pirdapiri eTeriT ver moeswro gaTamaSebis
Sedegebis cxrilis Cveneba... 19 aprils latariis kompa-
nias hqonda informacia sistemaSi arasanqcirebuli
cvlilebis Sesaxeb, Tumca, ar arsebobda safuZveli, eW-
vqveS dagveyenebina jekpotis gaTamaSeba, sanam Ss sami-
nistro ar daadasturebda, rom bileTi gaayalbes...
Temur zarqua, profesori, programirebis mxarda-
Weris asociaciis prezidenti: `monacemTa bazis adminis-

265
trators SeuZlia, nebismieri cvlileba Seitanos baza-
Si, Tumca, yvela korporaciuli sistema aRricxavs am
sistemaSi Sesrulebul qmedebebs, amitom SeuZlebelia,
es qmedebebi SeumCneveli darCes im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu
administratorma droebiT gaTiSa am operaciaTa aRric-
xvis reJimi — gaTiSvis faqts sistema mainc daafiqsi-
rebs. ase rom, sistemaze arasanqcirebuli zemoqmedebis
aRmoCena Zneli ar aris da administratorisTvis bral-
debis wayenebis SemTxvevaSi am braldebis damtkiceba ar
SeiZleba diskusiis sagani iyos. amavdroulad, axali bi-
leTis damzadeba da daregistrireba specifikuri qme-
debaa, rac ver ganxorcieldeboda amisTvis gankuTvni-
li specialuri programuli uzrunvelyofis gamoyene-
bis gareSe (miT ufro, ase swrafad). es arTulebs gam-
yalbeblis mdgomareobas da aiZulebs mas, saqmeSi Car-
Tos saTanado adgilas momuSave da am funqciebis Sem-
srulebeli piri. gaTamaSebis dasrulebis Semdeg axali
bileTis damzadeba da misi bazaSi daregistrireba — Tu-
ki es namdvilad moxda — metyvelebs sistemis sisusteze
da cxadia, saeWvo SeiZleba gaxdes am sistemis meSveobiT
Catarebuli yvela wina gaTamaSebis Sedegi...~ aRsaniSna-
via, rom es latariis daarsebis dRidan me-13 gaTamaSebu-
li jekpotia. 2010 wlidan 2013 wlis aprilamde am lata-
riis mxolod eqvsi jekpoti gaTamaSda, 2013 wlis apri-
lidan dRemde ki — ukve Svidi. bolo erTi wlis ganmav-
lobaSi ratomRac jekpotebis gaTamaSebis raodenoba
mkveTrad gaizarda, Tumca es SeiZleba damTxvevac iyos.
isic unda aRiniSnos, rom advokat irma Wkaduas TqmiT,
Svidi gaTamaSebuli jekpotidan xuTi Tu eqvsi jekpo-
tis gaTamaSebisas daviT iaSvili `saqarTvelos latari-
is kompaniaSi~ ar muSaobda. advokati miiCnevs, rom da-
viT iaSvili `saqarTvelos latariis kompaniaSi~ aqamdec

266
arsebuli, jerjerobiT idumalebiT moculi maqinacie-
bis msxverplia da viRac misTvis danaSaulis gadabrale-
bas cdilobs.
samarTaldamcvelebma irma Wkadua gaafrTxiles da
gamoZiebis interesebidan gamomdinare, mas bevri ramis
Tqmis ufleba ar aqvs, magram sazogadoebam aucileblad
unda icodes, rom daviT iaSvili, romelic latariis da-
arsebis dRidan am kompaniaSi muSaobda, cxra Tvis gan-
mavlobaSi samsaxuridan wasuli iyo da latariis sabe-
diswero gaTamaSebamde ori kviriT adre kompaniaSi xel-
mZRvanelobis TxovniT dabrunda.
– ucnauria, gamoZiebam advokatebi gagvafrTxila,
rom saqmis detalebi ar gavamJRavnoT, am dros ki sasa-
marTlo sxdoma Ria iyo da braldebis mxarem warmoad-
gina saqmis yvela faqtobrivi garemoeba, rac uamravma
adamianma moismina. Tavis droze iaSvils aRniSnul kom-
paniaSi Zalian dabali xelfasi hqonda. ori organizaci-
is saqmes akeTebda da mxolod erTis anazRaurebas ux-
didnen. imis gamo, rom bevri sakredito baraTi hqonda
da ipoTekiT datvirTuli mamiseuli saxlis gadasarCe-
nad yovelTviurad procentebs ixdida, moiTxova, xel-
fasi moematebinaT, razec uari miiRo. ra gaewyoba, sxva-
gan gadaval samuSaodo, uTqvams, magram `saqarTvelos
latariis kompaniaSi~ damuqrebian, yvelgan xels SegiS-
liTo. Seasrules kidec muqara. am xnis ganmavlobaSi mu-
Saoba versad daiwyo, sxvadasxva samsaxuris SemoTavaze-
bebic CauSales. mimdinare wlis aprilis dasawyisSi mas
daukavSirda kompaniis xelmZRvaneloba da sTxoves ukan
dabruneba. daviTma kvlav moiTxova xelfasis momateba.
dahpirdnen, ra Tqma unda, mogimatebTo da daviTic dab-
runda. ris Semdegac aRmoaCina, rom programaSi xarveze-

267
bi iyo. man xelmZRvaneloba gaafrTxila, Tu zomebs ar
miiRebT, SesaZloa, problemebi Seiqmnaso, magram misi
naTqvami yurad ar iRes. 18 aprils, rodesac jekpoti ga-
TamaSda, daviTi Cveulebisamebr wavida Sin, magram male-
ve moabrunes da samarTaldamcavebma daakaves. sofo ya-
ralaSvils ki jer daudastures, rom jekpoti moigo da
sazeimo viTarebaSi Tanxis gadasacemad daibares, Semdeg
ki modulis SenobaSi gadaiyvanes da yvela wesis darRve-
viT CamoarTves bileTi, romelic mis Tvalwin ar dalu-
qes. Sesabamis oqmze mas xeli ar mouweria, amitom Cndeba
safuZvliani eWvi, rom bileTi gamocvales. amasTan, Cemi
dacvis qveS myofi da es qalbatoni erTmaneTs ar icno-
ben da rogor unda hqonodaT organizebuli jgufi?
— Sss-m ar warmogidginaT mtkicebulebebi, rom isi-
ni erTmaneTs icnoben?!
– Cven ar vicnobT mtkicebulebebs, romlebic am
adamianebis nacnobobas adasturebs. imis gamo, rom am
kompaniis 30%-iani wilis mflobelebi arian daviT keze-
raSvili da vano merabiSvili, darwmunebuli var, metic,
maqvs informacia, rom ukrainaSi arsebobs damatebiTi
serveri, romliTac kontroldeba kompania da romelic,
albaT, ar aris cnobili samarTaldamcveli organoebis-
Tvis. SesaZloa, saqme marTlac gvaqvs organizebul maqi-
naciebTan, riTac dRemde zaraldeba kompania, romel-
sac Zalian bevri momxmarebeli endoboda. axla, rode-
sac cnobili gaxda, rom latariis kompania maqinaciebSia
gareuli da ar aZlevs qalbatons mogebul Tanxas, misi
reitingi daecema da SesaZloa, gakotrebis piras mivi-
des, Tumca ar gamovricxav, rom es Canafiqri Tavad kom-
paniasac hqondes.
– ras gulisxmobT?

268
 – maqvs informacia, rom bolo dros kompaniis da-
xurvis sakiTxs ganixilavdnen. vimeoreb, iqneb marTlac
xdeboda raRac da viRacam moindoma, misi qmedeba sxvas
gadabraleboda, magaliTad, daTo iaSvils. saeWvoa isic,
rom daTo pirveli instanciis sasamarTlom giraoTi ga-
mouSva, magram e.w. mosamarTle manuCar kapanaZis Tanxmo-
biT saapelacio sasamarTlos darbazidan aiyvanes... es
mosamarTle `nacionaluri moZraobis~ dros mantiaSi
gadacmuli mona iyo, mona ki monad rCeba. mas ar hqonda
erTi argumentic ki, romlis safuZvelze iaSvilis wi-
naswar patimrobaSi ayvana iyo aucilebeli. yvelafris
gaTvaliswinebiT mimaCnia, rom rac xdeba, dadgmuli
speqtaklia.
mravali eWvi arsebobs da isini unda gafantos ga-
moZiebam, raTa ar dahbraldes, rom latariis kompanias-
Tan SeTanxmebiT moqmedebs. saerTaSoriso wesebis Ta-
naxmad, msgavsi tipis saTamaSo biznesi saTanadod aris
daculi. aq ra xdeba, ver gavige?..
gamoZiebis dasrulebamde saqmis detalebze sauba-
ri ekrZaleba sofio yaralaSvilsac. mas imedi aqvs, rom
gamoZieba samarTlianad Catardeba. amasTan, ver faravs
aRSfoTebas, rom jgufur danaSaulSi monawileobas ab-
raleben da amis damadasturebeli sabuTi ar aqvT:
– advokatisTvis uTqvamT, rom Turme `feisbukis~
nacnobTa siaSi iaSvilis coli myolia. Tumca, misi vina-
oba ar vici... romc iyos Cems megobrebSi, es sakmarisia
imisaTvis, rom iaSvilTan erTad danaSaulSi damdon
brali? `feisbukis~ megobrebis siaSi aTasobiT ucnobi
adamiani myavs... gamoZiebis dasrulebamde komentars ar
akeTeben `saqarTvelos latariis kompania~ da samar-
Taldamcvelebi~.

269
 xsenebuli publikaciis mowinaveoba da `sadireqti-
vo~ xasiaTi Tavidanve ikveTeba. Temas, romelsac Jurna-
listi warmogvidgens sazogadoebis didi nawilisaTvis
Zalian mtkivneulia, radgan mosaxleobis sakmaod maRa-
li procenti CarTulia `latariis kompaniis gaTamaSeba-
Si~ da erTgvar imedebsac amyareben masze. Tuki am Sem-
TxvevaSi aRmoCndeba iseTi seriozuli danaSauli, rome-
lic ara mxolod kompaniis gakotrebas, aramed sazoga-
doebis mxridan maTdami imedebis gacruebasac Seuwyobs
xels, es Zalze cud asaxvas povebs pirvel rigSi im uwye-
bebis mimarT, visac evaleba aRniSnuli mimarTulebiT
kontrolis ganxorcieleba. marTalia publikaciaSi Zne-
lad daiZebneba pirdapiri `sadireqtivo~ saxelmZRvane-
lo miTiTebebi, romelic safuZvlad daedeba adresatis
praqtikul Tu Teoriul moRvaweobas, magram Janris
sfecifikaze xazgasma, mis pasuxismgeblobasa, uflebeb-
sa da movaleobebze saubari, aqcenti teqstis Camoyali-
bebul Sinaarsze, romelic ibrZvis samarTlianobis dam-
kvidrebisaTvis Tundac am sferoSi an ubralod uaryo-
fisaTvis masze rac moxda, mniSvnelovani detalia sazo-
gadoebaSi samarTlianobis aRdgenis gancdis Tvalsaz-
riT. publikacia gamoxatavs zogadad gazeTis nomris pa-
Toss, damokidebulebas, xasiaTs qveyanaSi mtkice wesri-
gis damyarebisa da kanonis uzenaesobis dacvis mizniT,
romelic TavisTavad warmoadgens qveynis didi nawilis
interesis sagans da gamorCeulia sxva sagazeTo masale-
bisagan.
saTqmelis gamoxatvis sicxade, simaxvile, zusti da
drouli gadawyvetisaTvis mzadyofna xsenebul publi-
kacias politikur elfersac aniWebs, riTac is kidev
ufro metad iZens mowinavis, mTavaris, mniSvnelovanis
xasiaTsa da Sinaarss. es ki meti popularobisa da mxar-
daWeris aucilebeli pirobacaa da garantic. mowinavis

270
politikuri JReradoba maSinac unda igrZnobodes, ro-
ca masSi gaSuqebulia ara politikis, aramed samarTlis,
socialuri, kulturisa da sxva sakiTxebi, radganac yo-
vel dargs Tavisi sakuTari Camoyalibebuli politika
gaaCnia, romelic pirdapir kavSirSia sazogadoebasTan,
konkretuli adamianebis cxovrebasa da saqmianobasTan.
moyvanil magaliTSi saintereso faqtebTan erTad
warmodgenilia mravali mizezi, ramac xeli Seuwyo rea-
lobis amgvar warmoCenas. mizezebi erTmaneTSi imdenad
CaxlarTulia, bundovanic ki, rom Wirs daiZebnos misi
saTave an Tundac gaarkvio saidan daiwyo ZiriTadi rgo-
lis saZieblad nabijebis gadadgma. dakvirvebuli Tvali
martivad SeamCnevs Jurnalistis maxvil mzeras im mimar-
TulebiT, romelic konkretuli saqmianobis aucilebel
samarTlian reagirebas saWiroebs.
SesavalSi saubaria danaSaulis Cadenis `martiv~ mo-
tivze, romelic konkretul pirovnebas konkretulma
garemoebebma ukarnaxa: `ori organizaciis saqmes ake-
Tebda da mxolod erTis anazRaurebas uxdidnen. imis ga-
mo, rom bevri sakredito baraTi hqonda da ipoTekiT
datvirTuli mamiseuli saxlis gadasarCenad yovelTvi-
urad procentebs ixdida, moiTxova, xelfasi moematebi-
naT, razec uari miiRo. ra gaewyoba, sxvagan gadaval sa-
muSaodo, uTqvams, magram `saqarTvelos latariis kom-
paniaSi~ damuqrebian, yvelgan xels SegiSliTo.~
Semdgom mowmeni vxdebiT imisa, Tu ra pirobebSi ux-
deba muSaoba pirs, romelsac msgavsi qmedeba aqvs gan-
zraxuli: `isargebla samsaxurebrivi mdgomareobiT (Se-
uferxebeli wvdoma hqonda Sesabamis serverTan) da xe-
lovnurad, yovelgvari nebarTvis gareSe Secvala kompi-
uteruli monacemi, Seqmna unikaluri kodis mqone lo-
tos momgebiani yalbi bileTi, romelSic miTiTebuli

271
iyo zemoaRniSnuli cifrebi~. am procesSi Semodis meo-
re piri, romelic `exmareba~ saqmeSi CarTul ZiriTad pi-
rovnebas... es yvelaferi naTels hfens im garemoebas,
rom am ori adamianis qmedeba bundovans xdis `latariis
kompaniis~ sistemis gamarTulobas, rac samarTaldamca-
vi struqturebis mxridan saqmiT dainteresebaSi gamoi-
xata...
movlenebis ganviTarebas sasamarTlo procesebam-
dec mivyavarT, sadac axali detalebi ikveTeba da Cndeba
eWvebi saqmeSi sxva pirebis Tanamonawileobazec. saerTo
jamSi, es yvelaferi, isev da isev Sedegze anu sazogadoe-
bis mxridan imedebis gacruebaSi da eWvebis moZalebaSi
aisaxeba, sadac erT mxaresaa Tavad sazogadoeba da si-
marTle, meore mxares ki xelisufleba.
mowinave saredaqcio publikaciis mizani, am Sem-
TxvevaSi mouridebeli, mkacri toni, Riad da sajarod im
yovelives obieqturi Cvenebaa, romelic sazogadoebis
Zalian did nawilSi iwvevs samarTlian protests da ase-
ve imis gancdas, rom msgavsi faqtebi am epoqaSi aRar un-
da xdebodes da Tu moxdeba mainc, masze reagireba Zalze
swrafad da operatiulad unda xerxdebodes da sazoga-
doebisaTvis es yvelaferi Zalian naTeli da misawvdomi
iyos.
saredaqcio-mowinaves mier dasmuli sakiTxi mniS-
vnelovani, saintereso, gadasaWreli da mosagvarebelia,
romlis Riad, reagirebis gareSe datoveba dauSvebelia.
problema, romelic mowinavis Sinaarss, saTqmels warmo-
adgens, gamorCeulia sxva danarCeni problemisa da sa-
kiTxebisagan Tavisi SinaarsiT, aqtualobiT. mowinave
yovelTvis lideria sxva danarCen sakiTxTa rigSi. prob-
lema wonadi, mZime, emociuri da SesaZloa, agresiulic
iyos da is exebodes nebismier Temas, romelic qveynis,
zogadad xalxis, sazogadoebis interesebis gamomxatve-

272
lia. mowinave-saredaqcios pozicia verasodes iqneba
loialuri da mimtevebeli, piriqiT, Semtevisa da er-
Tgvarad `agresiulis” poziciidan ixedeba da aseTi pa-
TosiT cdilobs im xarvezis gamosworebas, romelzedac
aris saubari statiaSi.
amdenad mowinavis paTosis msusxavi, mtkivneuli,
daundobeli, pirdapiri, xSirad ironiuli da zRarbis
mCxvletavi eklebis msgavsi toni im mimarTulebiT mi-
dis, vinac danaSauli Caidina an visac am problematuri
sakiTxis mogvareba evaleba. amdenad igulisxmeba, rom
mowinaveoba am SemTxvevaSi, konkretuli mediasaSuale-
baTa mxridan xelisuflebis im Stosakenac aris mimar-
Tuli, visac uSualod evaleba msgavsi xarvezis aRmof-
xvra, qveyanaSi samarTlianobis damyareba da wesrigisa
da kanonierebis sruli dacviT moqmedeba. mowinaveoba,
romlis paTosic samarTlianobis, moqalaqeTa pirad uf-
lebaTa da TavisuflebaTa dacvaa, am SemTxvevaSi SerCe-
viTi samarTlis winaaRmdeg aucilebel reagirebas,
mTlianad sazogadoebis TiToeuli wevris mSvidi da
usafrTxo cxovrebis garantias gulisxmobs.
msgavsi xasiaTis publikaciaa gazeT `kviris palit-
ra~-Si — 21-10-2013 gamoqveynebuli `bina viyide da... sas-
tumro aRmoCnda~.
,,bolo wlebSi viTareba uZravi qonebis bazarze
sagrZnoblad Seicvala. amas ekonomikurma krizismac Se-
uwyo xeli da bazris yvelaze naklovani mxareebi gamoa-
aSkarava. marTalia, e.w. samSeneblo finansuri piramide-
bi da ramdenjerme sxvadasxva mesakuTreze gayiduli
virtualuri binebi warsuls Cahbarda, magram samagie-
rod, samSeneblo kompaniebsa da maT klientebs Soris
sxva, aranakleb mniSvnelovanma problemebma iCina Tavi.
cota xnis win, `ekopalitris~ eleqtronul misamar-

273
Tze erTi moqalaqis werili Semovida, sadac avtori
konfidencialobis dacvas gvTxovs da samSeneblo kom-
pania `orbi jgufTan~ Seqmnil problemebze gviyveba.
konkretulad ki saqme exeba cnobil proeqt `orbi pla-
zas~ baTumSi, romlis sareklamo kampania oriode wlis
win aqtiurad mimdinareobda da sul raRac $15.900-ad
zRvispira qalaqSi binis SeZenis perspeqtivas gvpirde-
boda. proeqtis dasrulebis Semdeg ki aRmoCnda, rom da-
pirebuli sacxovrebeli saxli sastumro kompleqsia,
xolo mobinadreebs, maTi kuTvnili nomrebis movla-pat-
ronobisTvis, kompaniisTvis yovelTviurad Tanxis ga-
daxda mouwevT...
redaqciis misamarTze miRebul werilSi vkiTxu-
lobT: `Senobas, romelSic Tavis droze bina SeviZine, sa-
Zirkveli, daaxloebiT, 4 wlis win Caeyara. araoficia-
lurad „orbi jgufis~ 50% giuli alasanias ekuTvnis.
mtkicebiT formaSi amis Tqma Znelia, Tumca amaze baTum-
Si bevri saubrobs. „orbis~ direqtori irakli kverRe-
liZe aqtiurad monawileobda „nacionaluri moZraobis~
winasaarCevno kampaniaSi. 2012 wlis oqtombris arCevne-
bis Semdeg aWaris umaRlesi sabWos deputati gaxda „na-
cionaluri moZraobis~ proporciuli siiT. Tumca man
deputatoba „gadaifiqra~, radgan is siis saTaveSi iyo,
„saWiro~ nacionalebi ki umaRlesi sabWos kars miRma aR-
moCndnen. kverReliZem saqmianoba „orbSi~ganagrZo~.
mtkivneuli da mgrZnobiare problema, romelic Ta-
nabrad awuxebs rogorc SeZlebul, ise Cveulebriv fenas
adamianebisas. arada, binaTmSeneblobaTa bumi seriozul
sifrTxiles saWiroebs gansakuTrebiT makontrolebeli
institutebis mxridan. adamianebi, romlebic lukmas ik-
leben da ukanaskneli danazogebi SeaqvT, raTa Svilebma

274
da SviliSvilebma normalurad, janmrTelad da adamia-
nurad icxovron, xolo mogvianebiT ki aRmoCndeba, rom
viRac usvindisod, araadamianurad yvlefs da atyuebs,
bolos ki saxelmwifoc zaraldeba; rodesac erovnuli
Rirseba ilaxeba, Tavisuflebisa da samarTlianobis gan-
cda fexqveS iTeleba da adamiani saxes kargavs-civi, ner-
viuli, ukareba, fsiqikurad moSlili da uniaTo xdeba
viRacam pasuxi unda agos. mivyveT publikacias da Tvali
gavadevnoT detalebs, romelzedac statiis avtori in-
kognitod darCenili wyaros monaTxrobs gadmogvcems:
`2010 wels, roca `orbi plazaSi~ binis yidva gadav-
wyvite da xelSekrulebis pirobebs gavecani, arsad ewe-
ra, rom iq sastumro Sendeboda da rom Senobisa da misi
infrastruqturis movlisTvis mobinadreebs yovelTvi-
uri gadasaxadi unda gadagvexada. axla ki binis gadasa-
formeblad misulebs `siurprizi~ dagvxvda — 1-oTaxiani
binis mflobelebma yovelTviurad unda gadavixadoT
$56, 2-oTaxianis — $67. ra Tqma unda, ar veTanxmebi am pi-
robas da sami wlis win dadebuli xelSekrulebis piro-
bebis Sesrulebas viTxov. „orbSi~ ki meubnebian, rom es
ar moxerxdeba, rom es warmoudgenelia, radgan maT Seq-
mnes amxanagobismagvari raRac, am gadasaxadis gadaxda-
ze TiTqos yvela Tanaxmaa da mxolod erTeulebisTvis
gamonakliss ver dauSveben. irakli kverReliZe binis me-
sakuTreebs mudmivad gvixsnis, ra kargi iqneba, „orbs~
rom gadavceT bina ijariT. saubaria imaze, rom binis
ijariT gadacemis SemTxvevaSi „orbi~ ise gankargavs
Cvens qonebas, rogorc gauxardeba~.
`ratom unda „orbs~ am 840-biniani Senobis sastum-
rod gadakeTeba da ra SeiZleba amiT moigos?-svams sa-
marTlian kiTxvas publikaciis avtori da iqve pasuxobs:
`sakiTxi martivad dgas: „orbs~ am SenobaSi kazinos gax-

275
sna unda. kazino damoukideblad rom gaxsna, 1 milioni
lari unda gadaixado biujetSi. xolo Tu, sul cota,
100-nomriani sastumros SenobaSi xsni kazinos, milioni-
ani mosakreblisgan gaTavisuflebuli xar. vfiqrob, am
binis sastumrod gadakeTebis ideac aqedan modis. auci-
leblad daviwyeb sasamarTlo davas `orbi jgufTan~. sa-
samarTlo baJi Zalian didia da mogebis Sansic 50/50-ze,
magram mainc miRirs, imitom rom mTeli cxovreba $56-is
gadaxdas ar vapireb. arc binis gayidva minda. mirCevnia
vidavo da gamarjvebis yvela resursi amovwuro~. rom
ityvian, `ha burTi da ha moedani.~ adamianebi daTmobas
ar apireben, an ra aqvT dasaTmobi? dRisiT, mzisiT moat-
yues da axla imis gakeTebasac aZaleben, rac Semdeg mTe-
li cxovreba sananebeli gauxdeba. Jurnalisti agrZe-
lebs saqmis detalebSi garkvevas:
`Cven sakiTxiT davinteresdiT, `orbi plazas~ ram-
denime mobinadres davukavSirdiT da maT mier kompani-
asTan gaformebul xelSekrulebebsac gavecaniT. doku-
mentSi, romelsac orive mxare — myidvelic da gamyidve-
lic awers xels, naTqvamia, rom xelSekrulebis sagans
warmoadgens sacxovrebeli bina qalaq baTumSi, kobala-
Zis quCaze asaSenebel mravalsarTulian saxlSi. mogvia-
nebiT ki, mobinadreebTan gaformebul nasyidobis xel-
SekrulebaSi, sacxovrebeli saxlis nacvlad, Cndeba cne-
ba `sastumro nomeri~ da valdebuleba, gadaixadon Tanxa
am nomrebis movla-patronobisTvis.
merab SavaZe (`orbi plazas~ erT-erTi mobinadre):
`Cemi bina 46-48 kvm-ia da yovelTviurad `orbi jgufi~ Ce-
mi qonebis movlisTvis $67-is gadaxdas mTxovs. amis Sesa-
xeb araferi iyo naTqvami pirvel xelSekrulebaSi, rome-
lic kompaniasTan 2010 wlis 10 agvistos gavaforme. bi-

276
nis Rirebuleba, $23 aTasi srulad gadavixade aTi dRis
vadaSi da vikiTxe kidec, xom ar meqneboda damatebiT ki-
dev rame gadasaxdeli. zepirad mipasuxes, rom araviTari
sxva gadasaxadi ar iqneboda. xelSekrulebaSi aseve we-
ria, rom es unda yofiliyo sacxovrebeli bina da ara
sastumro. me ar mWirdeba sastumro, minda bina da viT-
xov amas. axla ki faqtis winaSi damayenes, reestrSi mi-
formeben sastumros nomers da ara sacxovrebel saxls.
Cems mdgomareobaSi bevri mobinadrea. zogi iZulebuli
gaxda gaeformebina es xelSekruleba, zogi Tavs ikavebs
gadawyvetilebis miRebisgan. imasac gveubnebian, ijariT
gadavceT kompanias Cveni qoneba, magram me bina gasaqira-
veblad ar SemiZenia, magis fufuneba ar maqvs, iq unda
vicxovro. samarTals veZeb: an bina unda miviRo, an Sesa-
bamisi anazRaureba. meoTxe welia, fuli gadaxdili
maqvs kompaniisTvis da, ra Tqma unda, Tavisi kompensaci-
iT viTxov Tanxis anazRaurebas~.statiis avtori mTlia-
nad warmogvidgens erT-erTi binis mesakuTris preten-
zias da samarTlianobis dacvasa da mxardaWeras iTxovs.
aqve gvTavazobs saubris Sinaarss irakli kverReliZes-
Tan („orbi jgufis~ generaluri direqtori ): `850-binia-
ni kompleqsi „orbi plaza~ mesakuTreTa raodenobis
TvalsazrisiT, am tipis erTaderTi Senobaa postsabWo-
Ta sivrceSi. binebis mflobelTa umetesoba ucxoeTis 14
qveyanaSi cxovrobs. amis gaTvaliswinebiT, dameTanxme-
biT, rTulia mezoblebs Soris komunikacia. kompania
„orbi jgufi~ ukve meeqvse Tvea, myidvelebs mesakuTree-
bad aregistrirebs da myidvelTa erTi nawilisTvis sa-
kuTrebis uflebis gadacema mxolod maTTan komunika-
ciis gaZnelebis gamo ver xerxdeba. 22-sarTulian kom-
pleqsSi yoveldRiurad uamravi yofiTi problema iCens

277
Tavs (maT Soris, 12 liftis gamarTuli muSaoba, yovel-
dRiurad 15 bunkeri nagvis gatana, koridorebis ganaTe-
ba, komunaluri gadasaxadebis qviTrebis miwodeba da
sxv.) problemebis mogvareba da saerTo enis gamonaxva ki
yvelaze patara korpusebis amxanagobebsac uWirT.
msgavsi suraTi „orbi plazaSi~ rom ar Seiqmnas,
Cvenma kompaniam ikisra pasuxismgebloba sacxovrebeli
kompleqsis movla-momsaxurebaze da am inciativas „orbi
plazas~ binebis mflobelTa absoluturma umravleso-
bam — 98%-ma dauWira mxari.
Cven mier SeTavazebuli damatebiTi momsaxureba
iTvaliswinebs: sadarbazoebisa da sazogadoebrivi far-
Tebis movla-patronobas, liftebisa da ZiriTadi komu-
nikaciebis gamarTul muSaobas, Seqmnili gvaqvs wylisa
da eleqtroenergiis damoukidebeli sarezervo siste-
mebi, uzrunvelyofilia kompleqsis sruli usafrTxoe-
ba, gare da Sida perimetris 24-saaTiani videomeTvalyu-
reoba, sazogadoebriv farTebis dasufTaveba, kompania
ixdis saerTo sivrceSi arsebuli yvela ganaTebisa da
sxva mowyobilobebis eleqtroenergiis safasurs da sxv.
avamoqmedeT konsierJis servisi. pirveladi nasyidobis
xelSekrulebaSi es safasuri gaTvaliswinebuli ar yo-
fila, Tumca aqve davazustebT, rom komunaluri gadasa-
xadi binis SeZenasa da mis mflobelobasTan aranair kav-
SirSi ar aris. am servisis amoqmedeba ar niSnavs, rom
myidvels Tavis farTSi cxovrebis ufleba ar aqvs, an ki-
dev qonebiT sargeblobis gansxvavebuli reJimi moqme-
debs. kompleqsi „orbi plaza~ eqspluataciaSi 2013 wlis
TebervalSi Sevida. dRemde sakuTar Tavze aviReT am
momsaxurebis Tanxebi. amJamad mimdinareobs muSaoba
Tanxebis optimizaciaze, raTa yovelTviuri gadasaxade-

278
bi Semcirdes. yvela myidveli, romelmac fuli gadaixa-
da gansazRvruli odenobis izolirebul farTSi, sa-
kuTrebad miiRebs zustad im odenobisa da im paramet-
ris farTs, im misamarTsa da im sarTulze, im SenobaSi,
romelzedac xelSekruleba gaaforma. farTis gamoyene-
bas mesakuTre zustad im funqciuri daniSnulebiT SeZ-
lebs, razec xelSekrulebaSia saubari. anu gamoiyenebs
sacxovreblad. mogexsenebaT, kompleqsi da Senoba sas-
tumros tipisaa. 2010 wels, roca gayidvebi daiwyo, sa-
qarTvelos kanonmdebloba ar iTvaliswinebda sastum-
ros tipis proeqtSi farTebis pirdapir gayidvas. 2012
wlis seqtembris sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebiT ki SesaZ-
lebeli gaxda sastumros tipis proeqtSi individualu-
ri sakuTrebis farTebis realizacia. statusis Secvlas
am SemTxvevaSi aranairi uflebrivi da materialuri
mdgomareobis cvlileba ar gamouwvevia. farTi indivi-
dualuri sakuTrebaa, igi sajaro reestrSi myidvelis
individualur sakuTrebad registrirdeba da mas rame
piroba ar axlavs~. Jurnalisti generalur direqtor-
Tan saubris Semdgom xvdeba daviT mesxiZes (axalgazrda
iuristTa asociaciis baTumis ofisis warmomadgeneli):
`am problemiT ramdenime moqalaqem mogvmarTa. axlan-
deli samSeneblo kompaniebi moqalaqeebs uformeben wi-
nare nasyidobis xelSekrulebas. samarTlebrivi kvali-
fikaciiT, moqalaqeebi nivTs ki ar yiduloben, aramed
ukveTen kompanias nivTis damzadebas, am SemTxvevaSi sau-
baria binaze. misi dasrulebis Semdeg ki formdeba gene-
raluri nasyidobis xelSekruleba. am konkretul Sem-
TxvevaSi generalur xelSekrulebas moqalaqeebs ar
udeben momsaxurebis an ijaris xelSekrulebis gafor-
mebis gareSe. momsaxurebis safasuri ki minimum $35-ia da

279
farTis Sesabamisad izrdeba. arada, moqalaqeebma Tavi-
dan iyides sacxovrebeli tipis binebi, dRes ki aRmoCnda,
rom es sastumros tipis kompleqsia. roca moqalaqeebma
binis Sesyidvis survili gamoTqves, maSinve unda yofi-
liyo maTTvis cnobili, rom es sastumros tipis saxli
iqneboda da rom savaldebulo gaxdeboda momsaxurebis
xelSekrulebis dadeba. Cven vurCieT dazaralebul mo-
qalaqeebs, sasamarTlo dava dagvewyo kompaniis winaaR-
mdeg, magram moqalaqeebi an sasamarTlos ar endobian, an
drois fuWad dakargvas urCevniaT, kompaniis pirobebs
dasTanxmdnen. erTeulebi fiqroben `orbi jgufis~ wina-
aRmdeg sasamarTloSi sarCelis Setanas da sakuTari uf-
lebebis dacvas~.
aRniSnuli publikacia ekonomikur sakiTxsa Tu
satkivars exeba da is xelmouwerelia. mogexsenebaT,
msgavsi Sinaarsis werilebi ZiriTadad xelmouwerlad
ibeWdeba, rac namdvilad adasturebs im saredaqcio po-
litikas, romelsac am SemTxvevaSi gazeTi isaxavs miznad.
werilis paTosi is mtkivneuli problematikaa, rac zo-
gadad saamSeneblo biznesTan dakavSirebiT sazogadoe-
bis TiToeul wevrs eqmneba. marTalia zogadad sakiTxi
Zalzed masStaburia da marTlac saeWvoa am mimarTule-
biT mosaxleobis gulis mogebac, magram umsxvilesi sam-
Seneblo kompaniebis mxridan gadaWarbebul Tavxedobas,
Tavgasulobas, damcirebas da abuCadamgdeb damokidebu-
lebas bolo namdvilad unda moeRos. statiaSi xazgasmu-
lia kompaniisa da xelisuflebis warmomadgenelTa tan-
demi, romelic ZiriTadi mizezia Semdgomi Tavgasulo-
bisa Tu upasuxismgeblobisa samSeneblo firmebis mxri-
dan mosaxleobis mimarT. werilSi detaluradaa warmod-
genili calkeul adamianTa problemebi, romelic maT
samSeneblo kompaniam Seuqmna da metad mZime faqtis wi-

280
naSe daayena. zogadad, mowinaves pozicia samarTliano-
bis aRdgena da am sferoSi wesrigis damkvidrebaa, sadac
erTxel da samudamod yvelas eqneba Tavisi wili pasu-
xismgebloba gaTavisebuli, rogorc fizikur pirs, aseve
im kompaniebsac, romlebic sazogadoebis interesebis
gaTvaliswinebas upirveles movaleobad unda Tvlidnen,
miTumetes, rodesac saqme exeba konkretuli adamianebi-
sagan fulis aRebas da maTTvis binis mSeneblobis sa-
kiTxs. publikaciaSi avtors sxvadasxva mxareebi hyavs
warmodgenili da uSualod pirveli pirebisagan vgebu-
lobT arsebul problematikasTan dakavSirebiT. naTeli
xdeba, rom samarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba da Sesabami-
sad, moqalaqeobrivi pasuxismgeblobac, jer kidev sakma-
od did dros saWiroebs, raTa pirvel rigSi saxelmwifo,
Semdeg firmebi da organizaciebi da Semdgom ki adamia-
nebi ise moqmedebdnen, rom arc erTis interesis sagans
ar warmoadgendes usamarTloba, upasuxismgebloba da
disbalansi, romelic yovelTvis aqilevsis qusli iqneba
nebismier epoqaSi nebismieri xelisuflisaTvis. da rac
mTavaria, saxelmwifos prioriteti unda iyos adamiani
da ara politikuri Sexeduleba, gnebavT mrwamsi. aseT
SemTxvevaSi qveyana swrafi tempebiT wava win da sazoga-
doebac jansaRi fsiqikisa iqneba. beWduri mediis prin-
cipi, am SemTxvevaSi `kviris palitrisa~, rom sazogadoe-
bas daufaravad, Riad da sajarod mouTxros arsebul
problematikaze da aCvenos yvelas sworad savali gza,
namdvilad saSuri saqmea da es ki didi imedia qveynisa da
sazogadoebrivi azrovnebis ganviTarebis rTul, winaaR-
mdegobriv, magram mainc gasavlel da aRmaval gzaze.
mowinavis paTosiTaa dawerili gazeT `kviris pa-
litraSi~ 25-02-2013 ema tuxiaSvilis publikacia `keze-
raSvilis CauZiravi monopolia~ (biznesimperiis anato-
mia. nawili I) vin `kriSavs~ Zebnils?!

281
 `xelisuflebis dapirebis miuxedavad, qveyanaSi
jerjerobiT arc antimonopoliuri kanonmdebloba
gvaqvs da arc Sesabamisi samsaxuri, romelic bazarze
monopoliuri subieqtebis arsebobas aRkveTda. miuxe-
davad amisa, mmarTveli Zalis Secvla sxvadasxva, gansa-
kuTrebiT momgebian bizness mainc daetyo: ramdenadme
Semcirda fasebi sawvavze, sagrZnoblad gaiafda medika-
mentebi, agreTve fqvili da pur-produqtebi. ucnauria
da Tan samwuxaro, rom iseve, rogorc wina mTavrobis
dros, am xelisuflebis pirobebSic, nacmoZraobis biz-
nesi zogjer kvlav xelSeuxeblobis garantiiTa da eq-
skluziuri uflebebiT sargeblobs, riTac, pirvel rig-
Si, bazari da momxmarebeli zaraldeba. sakanonmdeblo
organoSi ki gacxarebiT msjeloben, deputatebma sadRe-
saswaulo dReebSi nacionaluri samosiT unda iaron Tu
ara. `galfi~, igive `san petroleum jorjia~, `saqarTve-
los fosta~, `auTdorji~ mTeli Tavisi Svilobili kom-
paniebiT, wilebi telekompania `rusTavi 2~-sa da `mzeSi~,
`uaid distribuSenis~, igive Sps `eqspresis~ sagazeTo
jixurebi, `saqarTvelos latariis kompania~ — es im biz-
nesebis mxolod mcire CamonaTvalia, romelsac Tavdac-
vis yofili ministri daviT kezeraSvili Tanamdebobaze
yofnisas an mas Semdeg daepatrona. yvelaze ucnauri ki
is aris, rom Zebnili kezeraSvilis araerTi biznesi
dRemde inarCunebs saqarTvelos bazarze monopoliur
mdgomareobas, romelic wina xelisuflebis dros, xSi-
rad ukanono gziT moipoves.
daaxloebiT erTi Tvis win, finansTa saministros
sagamoZiebo samsaxurma, yofili Tavdacvis ministri da
finansuri policiis yofili ufrosi daviT kezeraSvili
braldebulad cno sajaro moxelis mier gansakuTrebiT

282
didi odenobiT fulis moTxovnisa da qrTamis miRebis,
aseve, safinanso saqmianobis sferoSi danaSaulis Cade-
nis faqtebze. ra Tqma unda, amis Semdeg yvela eloda,
rom sagamoZiebo samsaxuri kezeraSvilis qonebasa da
bizneswilebs daayadaRebda, magram ase ar momxdara. an
ki ra unda daeyadaRebinaT, roca bralis wayenebamde
cota xniT adre kezeraSvilma sainformacio saSualebe-
biT ambavi gaavrcela: Cemi wilebi biznesSi daviT iako-
baSvils gadavuloceo. iakobaSvili ruseTSi moRvawe
cnobili qarTveli ebraeli biznesmenia da amave dros
ruseTis biznessabWos prezidenti da ruseTis mrewvel-
Ta da biznesmenTa kavSiris mmarTveli organos vice-
prezidenti.
sxvaTa Soris, jer kidev oqtombris saparlamento
arCevnebis Semdeg, `ekopalitras~ kezeraSvilis erT-er-
Ti biznesis warmomadgenelma pirad saubarSi ganucxada,
rom yofil Tavdacvis ministrs piradi xelSeuxebloba
israelis mTavrobisgan $250 milionad hqonda nayidi,
ramdenad Seesabameba es WeSmaritebas, Tavs ver davdeb...
`ekopalitra~ bunebrivia dainteresda da `galfis~,
igive Sps `san petroleum jorjias~ aqcionerTa bolod-
roindel cvlilebebs gaecno. aRmoCnda, rom 2013 wlis 4
Tebervlis monacemebiT, maSin roca kezeraSvils Tavisi
wili ukve `gadacemuli~ hqonda iakobaSvilisTvis, kom-
paniis 100%-s amerikuli saaqcio sazogadoeba Energy
Investment Venture Holdings-i flobs, direqtori ki israe-
lis moqalaqe ianiv adamia. Cven aseve SevamowmeT sajaro
reestris bolo cvlileba Sps `auTdorjiSi~: 2013 wlis
10 ianvris monacemebiT, kompaniis direqtori nika uru-
SaZe konstantine WavWaniZem Caanacvla, romelsac, Tavis
mxriv, wilebi aqvs `auTdorjis~ Svilobil kompaniebSi.

283
 rac Seexeba partniorebs, kompaniis 20%-s Sps `sam-
kuTxedi~ flobs, 10%-s Sps `jeoteki~, yvelaze msuye
lukma (70%) ofSorSi, virjiniis kunZulebze registri-
rebul saaqcio sazogadoeba `edprojeqts inkss~ aqvs.
direqtoris cvlilebas Tu ar CavTvliT, igive mflobe-
lebi hyavda `auTdorjis~ 2011 welsac da arc maTi wile-
bi Secvlila. ra Tqma unda, SesaZlebelia, rom kezeraS-
vili-iakobaSvilis sakuTrebis gadanawileba mflobel
amerikul holdingSi momxdariyo, magram aseT SemTxve-
vaSi ofSorSi registrirebuli kompaniis cvlilebebis
Semowmeba, faqtobrivad, warmoudgenelia da isRa dag-
vrCenia, kezeraSvilis `patiosan sityvas~ vendoT. `gal-
fis~ Temas Cven aucileblad davubrundebiT da samomav-
lod am Temaze calke Jurnalistur mokvlevas SemogTa-
vazebT. manamde ki Tanmimdevrulad mivyveT kezeraSvi-
lis ucabedi gamdidrebis anatomias, romelSic bevri
yofili Tu axlandeli didmoxelis xeli urevia.
rogor Sendeboda `kezeraanTkari~ anu `gakafuli~
biznesi
`auTdor dijiTali~, `auTdor monitori~, `auT-
dor print media~, `auTdor media hausi~, `auTdor tran-
sport edvertaizingi~ — yvela es kompania kezeraSvilis
saxelTan dakavSirebul `auTdorjis~ ekuTvnis da, faq-
tobrivad, srul monopolias flobs gare reklamis ba-
zarze. `ekopalitra~ am bazris im moTamaSeebs Sexvda,
vinc gare reklamis seqtorSi kezeraSvilis gamoCenamde
muSaobda da sTxova moeTxroT, rogor Camoicila kon-
kurentebi Tavdacvis yofilma ministrma. im martivi mi-
zezis gamo, rom braldebuli kezeraSvili dRemde inar-
Cunebs wamyvan poziciebs biznesSi, sazogadoebaSi Cnde-
ba eWvi, rom SesaZloa mas axlandeli xelisufleba an

284
romelime misi gavleniani wevri mfarvelobdes. swored
am mizeziT Cvenma respondentebma konfidencialobis
dacva moiTxoves. rogorc maTgan gaxda cnobili, Tbi-
lisSi gare reklamis pirveli sareklamo farebi gasuli
saukunis 90-ian wlebSi gamoCnda. erT-erTi pirveli
msxvili moTamaSeebi am biznesSi sareklamo kompania
`alma+~ da `mimino~ iyvnen. saerTo jamSi ki gare rekla-
mis ganTavsebaze qalaqSi, daaxloebiT. ocamde kompania
muSaobda. `xSirad es kompaniebi erTi klientisTvis iq-
mneboda da Zalian maleve ixureboda. aseTi sareklamo
faris dayeneba metad iafi iyo, sakmarisi iyo ori Jangia-
ni mili da rkinis furceli. arc ganaTebas ayenebdnen.
radgan `mimino~ da `alma+~ liderebi iyvnen am bazarze,
maTi farebi xarisxiTac gamoirCeoda. `alma+~ yovel-
Tvis iyo asocirebuli `Tibisi jgufTan~, sargeblobda
kidec am jgufis mxardaWeriT. am kompaniebs qalaqis mas-
StabiT sakmaod bevri, daaxloebiT, 200-200 fari hqon-
daT. kidev ramdenime aseuli fari iyo danarCeni kompa-
niebis mflobelobaSi. Semdeg bazarze gamoCnda moTama-
Se, romelsac mounda, am bizness mTlianad dapatrone-
boda. `nacionalurma moZraobam~ miiCnia, rom reklama
sainteresoa ara mxolod komerciuli TvalsazrisiT,
aramed saWiroa gansazRvruli politikuri miznebis-
Tvisac. Sesabamisad, jgufi, romelmac gare reklamis ba-
zarze monopoliuri TamaSi wamoiwyo, maSindeli xeli-
suflebis mxardaWeriT sargeblobda. maT daiwyes sarek-
lamo mediasaSualebebis SeZena, warTmeva, daSineba. xe-
lisuflebisgan finansuri mxardaWerac hqondaT.
qveyanaSi ar arsebobda antimonopoliuri samsaxu-
ri, romelic viTarebas daaregulirebda da, amdenad,
miznisken svla sakmaod gauadvildaT, rogorc satele-

285
vizio bazarze, ise sxva sareklamo segmentSi. mivxvdiT,
saiT midioda saqme, maTTan Widaobas azri ar hqonda da
Cveni qseli gavyideT. sxvaTa Soris, im fasSi, rac maT Se-
mogvTavazes da vfiqrob, sworad moviqeciT, sxva Sem-
TxvevaSi SeiZleba yvelaferi dagvekarga... sxvaTa Soris,
Tavidan es ar iyo `auTdorji~. bazari konkurentebisgan
`magi stilis~ mesveurebma gawmindes. esec kezeraSvil-
Tan daaxloebuli jgufi iyo. is, rac Semdeg moxda, rbi-
lad Tu vityviT, aranormaluri iyo. meriasTan erTad,
qalaqi gayves or nawilad, marjvena da marcxena sanapi-
rod da gare reklamis ganTavsebis nebarTvis gacemaze
tenderi gamoacxades. oficialurad am tenderSi ori
kompania — `auTdorji~ da `magi stili~ monawileobda,
magram es erTi da igive jgufi iyo da gaimarjves kidec.
aseTi ram wina xelisuflebis dros sxva biznesebSic xSi-
rad xdeboda.
rac Seexeba `alma+~-s, am firmas Tavisi kontaqtebi
hqonda qveynis pirvel pirTan. amitom, `auTdorjisa~ da
`almas~ Soris moxda gansazRvruli garigeba, `almas~ Ta-
visi farebi da `Tibisi~ jgufTan asocirebuli reklamis
am farebze ganTavsebis uflebebi dautoves. sxva kompa-
niebi bazridan Camoiciles. Semdeg kidev erTma kompani-
am, `vilajiom~, romelic aseve Zalian daaxloebuli iyo
xelisuflebasTan da `visoli jgufis~ Svilobilia, mii-
Ro raRac ufleba, rom daeyenebina qalaqSi sareklamo
farebi, oRond sakuTar benzingasamarT sadgurebze da
aseve Tavisi kompaniis sareklamo banerebi ganeTavsebi-
na. ra Tqma unda, am biznesSi Zalian aiwia fasebma. dRes
`auTdorjis~ gare reklamis bazris daaxloebiT 70%
ukavia. msoflio standartebiT ki, saSualod, roca su-
bieqts bazris wilis 35% aqvs, ukve monopolistia. axla

286
amboben, rom `auTdorjic~ daviT iakobaSvilis xelSi
gadavida. Tumca isic iTqva, rom esTvalis asaxvevi for-
maluri garigeba iyo. es bazari aucileblad unda gaix-
snas. am kompanias ara mxolod gare reklamaze aqvs mono-
polia, aramed sruli monopolistia reklamis ganTavse-
baze metroSi, avtobusebze, monitorebsa da liftebSi.
kezeraSvilsa da mis amfsonebs satelevizio bazarzec
hqondaT monopolia, rogorc mauwyeblobis, aseve rek-
lamis TvalsazrisiT. Tu monopolia daiSleba, fasi ga-
re reklamaze aucileblad Semcirdeba. unda gadaixedos
tenderis pirobebi da arc qalaqi unda iyos gayofili
orad. adre ufro samarTliani sistema moqmedebda fa-
ris dasayeneblad. magaliTad, me Tu vnaxavdi xelsayrel
adgils gare reklamisTvis, unda warmedgina eskizi, fo-
tomontaJi arqiteqturis samsaxurSi da Tu es aravis
uSlida xels — mimtkicebdnen. aranairi tenderi amas ar
sWirdeba. am gziT garkveuli mosakrebelic Seva qalaqis
biujetSi, axla ki qalaqs aravin arafers uxdis, tende-
risas gadaixades da morCa. erTi kompania did fuls So-
ulobs, sxvebi, faqtobrivad, mkvdrebi arian. aucileb-
lad ramdenime moTamaSe unda iyos am bazarze~, — ambobs
erT-erTi sareklamo kompaniis warmomadgeneli.
`gaumWvirvale~ tandemi
sxvadasxva dros gare reklamis bazriT arasamTav-
robo organizaciebi interesdebodnen. `saerTaSoriso
gamWvirvaloba — saqarTvelom~ am Temaze kvlevac ki ga-
moaqveyna, sadac kezeraSvilis, misi axlobel-naTesave-
bis gvar-saxelebi figurirebda, monopoliis waxalise-
bas ki Tbilisis meria uwyobda xels.
mamuka andRulaZe (`saerTaSoriso gamWvirvaloba —
saqarTvelos~ mediaanalitikosi): `2009 wels Tbilisis

287
meriam auqcionis wesiT gasca ori nebarTva, romelic
gare reklamebis ganTavsebis 12 wlis vadiT marTvas iT-
valiswinebs. mtkvris marjvena sanapiroze mdebare abre-
bi `auTdorjis~ gadaeca, romelsac meriam sxva kompani-
ebisTvis qvelicenziiT gadacemis uflebac mianiWa. mar-
cxena sanapiroze mdebare abrebis ganTavsebis ufleba
„magi stili mediam~ miiRo, romelsac saqarTvelos ko-
munikaciebis erovnuli komisiis Tavmjdomare irakli
Ciqovani flobda. (irakli Ciqovani oqtombris Semdeg
saqarTvelodan wasulia) 2011 wlis dasawyisSi, „magi
stili media~ Caanacvla „smod edvertaizingma~, rome-
lic mxolod 2011 wlis ianvarSi Seiqmna da romelsac pa-
namaSi registrirebuli holdinguri kompania „smod
iquitiz korpi~ flobs. saqarTveloSi am kompaniis ofi-
cialuri warmomadgenelia aleqsandre gogoxia, rome-
lic `auTdorjis~ mTavar finansur direqtorad muSa-
obda. mokled, mojadoebuli wrec ikvreba. amis Sedegad,
dedaqalaqis gare reklamebis bazarze dominanturi po-
zicia `auTdorjim~ da „smodma~ daikaves, romelic
`auTdorjisTan~ mWidrod dakavSirebuli kompaniaa.
`auTdorji~ Tbilisis meriasTan erTad erToblivi sa-
warmos — `auTdor transports~ operirebs~.
mTeli qalaqi erT jibeSi
kidev erTxel rom davrwmunebuliyaviT Seqmnil vi-
TarebaSi, Cven, rogorc erT-erTi rigiTi klienti, Tbi-
lisSi bilbordebze reklamis ganTavsebisTvis kompania
`auTdorjis~ davukavSirdiT. miRebuli pasuxis Tanax-
mad, fasi damokidebulia konstruqciasa da ganTavsebis
adgilze, Rirebuleba 1 kvm-ze $40-$60-s aRwevs mxolod
ijarisTvis, xolo baneris 1 kvm-is beWdva kidev $10 Rirs.
Cven SevTavazeT, rom banerebs Tavad davbeWdavdiT

288
(radgan manamde gadavamowme da sxvagan imave xarisxis ba-
neris dabeWdva TiTqmis naxevar fasad SemomTavazes),
magram mkacri uari miviReT: gvaqvs Cveni stamba, baneris
beWdvac specifikuri amocanaa, amitom mTel process
Cven uzrunvelyofT, CvenTan dabeWdva aucilebeli pi-
robaao. roca gare reklamis ganTavseba mTel qalaqSi
visurveT da CavekiTxeT, mxolod isini SeZlebdnen amas
Tu sxvebsac unda davkavSirebodiT, farebis ZiriTadi
nawili — 80% — mainc Cven gvaqvso, — gvipasuxes, — Tumca
Cvens partnior firmebsac aqvT sareklamo farebis mci-
re nawili, SegviZlia Cvenve davekontaqtoT da es sakiT-
xi movagvaroT. fasic ki ar Seicvleba, — ukve didi xnis
urTierToba gvaqvs da rogorc `almas~ sWirdeba Cvengan
farebi, ise gvWirdeba xolme Cven. xolo eqskluziurad
Cven gangiTavsebT avtobusebSi, agreTve monitorebze
mTel qalaqSi, metrosa Tu liftebSio.
P.S. xelisuflebis Secvlis Semdeg erT-erTi mTava-
ri Tema monopolizmis damarcxeba iyo, Tumca is dRes
TiTqos daviwyebas eZleva. samagierod, monopolizmi ar
gamqrala da Cveuli `rixiT~ ganagrZobs jibeebis gasqe-
lebas. ar gvinda davijeroT, magram bunebrivad Cndeba
eWvi — xom ar ganaaxles `kriSa~ monopolistebma?! visi
gvaric unda figurirebdes monopolisturi biznesebis
ukan — kezeraSvilis, iakobaSvilis Tu xaxviWamiaSvilis,
maT mfarvelad yovelTvis arsebuli mTavroba moisaz-
reba. Zneli dasajerebelia, rom dRevandeli mTavroba
amasTan Seguebas apirebs, radgan monopolizmi biznesis
maxinji formaa da is yvelas azaralebs, TviT monopo-
listebis garda~.
moyvanili publikacia vrceli, detaluri, konkre-
tuli faqtebiT warmodgenili, wyaroebiTa da argumen-

289
tebiT gajerebuli, uamravi versiebiT datvirTuli sa-
redaqcio statiaa, romelic sazogadoebis udides na-
wilSi did interesTan erTad, samarTlian aRSfoTebasa
da guliswyromas iwvevs, badebs kiTxvebs, romelic aseve
samarTlian, dasabuTebul da argumentirebul pasuxebs
saWiroebs. werilis paTosi mamxilebelia, romelic ga-
moirCeva pirdapiri, Ria, mouridebeli, sajarod dasmu-
li sakiTxebis mTeli wyebiT, im problemaTa mTeli arse-
naliT, romelic zogadad arsebobda qveyanaSi da swo-
red amgvarma ganukiTxaobam da `ekonomikurma~ qaosma
zogierTis xelSi milionebi da SesaZloa miliardebic
moaqcia mSromeli adamianebis xarjze. statiis dasawyis-
Si publikaciis avtori mowinavisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli
toniT gadmoscems qveyanaSi arsebul mdgomareobas, ro-
melic xelisuflebis cvlilebas mohyva. werili exeba
fasebis Semcirebas, medikamentebis sagrZnob gaiafebas,
aseve fqvilsa da pur-produqtebze fasebis klebas, mag-
ram iqve dasZens, rom msgavs situaciaSi nacmoZraobis
biznesi kvlav xelSeuxebelia. publikaciis mizania aCve-
nos sazogadoebas da gamoaaSkaravos qveyanaSi arsebuli
ukanono qmedebebi, visi mxridanac ar unda iyos es: yofi-
li Tu amJamindeli xelisuflebisa. sazogadoebas samar-
Tliani, adamianuri, Rirseuli asparezi da konkurentu-
nariani garemo sWirdeba, rom dasaxul mizans miaRwios
an Tundac realobis Sesabamisad dagegmos da ganaxorci-
elos misTvis saintereso saqmianoba. saamiso ganwoba ki
samwuxarod kvlav ar Cans da `sakanonmdeblo organoSi
ki gacxarebiT msjeloben, deputatebma sadResaswaulo
dReebSi nacionaluri samosiT unda iaron Tu ara~. mam-
xilebeli paTosi, romelic samarTlianobis aRdgenasa
da damkvidrebas exeba qveyanaSi, am SemTxvevaSi ZiriTadi
saTqmelia analitikuri statiisa da amdenad, misi mowi-
naveobac amiT aris nakarnaxevi. gazeTis poziciaa xalxma

290
ganicados kanonis uzenaesoba da bolo moeRos SerCeviT
samarTals, amas ki konkretuli pirovnebebis mimarT ka-
nonieri qmedebebiT unda grZnobdes igive sazogadoeba,
da ara romelime partiis warmomadgenlisa Tu saxelmwi-
fo Cinovnikis axirebebiT. `finansTa saministros saga-
moZiebo samsaxurma, yofili Tavdacvis ministri da fi-
nansuri policiis yofili ufrosi daviT kezeraSvili
braldebulad cno sajaro moxelis mier gansakuTrebiT
didi odenobiT fulis moTxovnisa da qrTamis miRebis,
aseve, safinanso saqmianobis sferoSi danaSaulis Cade-
nis faqtebze~. gasagebia da martivia werilis am abzacis
Sinaarsi, magram iqve ikiTxeba mTavari -sad aris Sedegi?
vis movTxovoT? vis davumtkicoT? vis CavabaroT anga-
riSi?: rogor Sendeboda `kezeraanTkari~ anu `gakafu-
li~ biznesi, `gaumWvirvale~ tandemi, ` mTeli qalaqi
erT jibeSi~, — es is qvesaTaurebia, romelic werilis av-
torma azris naTlad da samarTlianad gadmocemisaTvis
da misi mkiTxvelamde gasagebad da martivad mitanisaT-
vis gamoiyena. Cven am SemTxvevaSi ar gvainteresebs weri-
lis Sinaarsi imdenad, ramdenad samarTlianad an Tun-
dac maRalprofesionalurad gadaWra es problema Sesa-
bamisma samarTaldamcavma struqturebma, aramed Cven-
Tvis umniSvnelovanesia werilis, rogorc mowinavis, pa-
Tosi, pozicia, mizanmimarTuloba da saqmis gulSemat-
kivroba, gamosworebisaTvis zrunva, rom sazogadoebas
ar CamovuyaliboT usamarTlobis Seguebis, miRebis gan-
cda, mieceT maT saSualeba ifiqron ukeTesze, izrunon
gacilebiT maRal standartebze, Seqmnan saukeTeso da
yvelaze optimaluri gamosavali konkretul drosa da
viTarebaSi sakuTar SesaZleblobaTa gamovlenisaTvis.
es aris yvelaze mniSvnelovani am SemTxvevaSi gazeT `kvi-
ris palitrisaTvis~-mowinave saredaqcio unda iyos ara
mxolod mowinave da nomer pirveli saTqmeli mxolod am

291
gazeTisaTvis, aramed qveynis mosaxleobis yvelaze maRa-
li procentisaTvis da es namdvilad asea. amaSia msgavsi
xasiaTisa da Sinaarsis matarebeli Jurnalisturi teq-
stebis ZiriTadi arsi, swored amgvari ganwyoba udevs sa-
fuZvlad samarTliani sazogadoebrivi azris damkvid-
rebisaTvis brZolas, romelic isev da isev sawindaria
samoqalaqo pasuxismgeblobis grZnobiT aRWurvili sa-
zogadoebisaTvis, romlis deficitic momakvdineblad
Semaferxebelia demokratiuli ganviTarebisa da civi-
lizaciis aRmavlobis gzaze myofi qveynisaTvis.

literatura:

1. T.malaRuraZe, Tanamedrove maskomunikaciuri Teoriebi

da koncefciebi~,Tb.2013, gv.250
2. `kviris palitra~, 05-05-2014
3. `kviris palitra~, 21-10-2013
4. `kviris palitraSi~ 25-02-2013

propagandistuli statia

propagandistuli statiis daniSnulebaa sazogado-

ebaSi xelisuflebis an romelime sxva politikuri gaer-
Tianebis msoflmxedvelobrivi ideologiis, misi Teori-
uli da praqtikuli moRvaweobis propaganda danergos
da gaataros. mxari dauWiros midgomebs, romelsac arse-
buli xelisufleba an romelime sxva gavleniani politi-
kuri gaerTianeba atarebs garkveuli saxelmwifoebrivi
interesebidan an sakuTari politikuri zraxvebidan ga-
momdinare. aqedan gamomdinareobs statiis am saxisadmi
wayenebuli ZiriTadi moTxovnebi da Taviseburebanic.

292
pirvel rigSi msgavsi xasiaTis statiebSi unda aRiniSnos
gamokveTili mxardamWeri pozicia im ideebisadmi, ro-
melsac arsebuli xelisufleba atarebs. swored ideebi-
sadmi erTguleba ganapirobebs propagandistuli sta-
tiis erT-erT ZiriTad Taviseburebas. imis gamo, rom
propagandistuli statia propagandas uwevs konkretu-
li partiis politikas, bunebrivia, misdami interesi sa-
zogadoebis mxridan ise unda iqnas gagebuli, rom stati-
is Sinaarsi da paTosi mTlianad ama Tu im partiuli ide-
ologiidan gamomdinare, saqveyno interesebs unda iyos
morgebuli. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi sazogadoebis mxri-
dan misi gageba araTanamimdevruli da Seusabamo iqneba.
amitomac maRalideuroba TavisTavad gulisxmobs im
doneze `SefuTvas~ saTqmelisas, rodesac saxelmwifo-
ebrivi-saxelisuflebo-sazogadoebrivi da partiuli
interesebi erTmaneTs emTxveva, avsebs da awonasworebs,
romelsac safuZvlad udevs yoveldRiuri cxovrebise-
uli realoba, ufro zustad ki yoveldRiuri yofa da
cxovreba, romelic yvela Taobis interesebis gaerTia-
nebas warmoadgens. propagandistuli statiis Tematika
zogadad amouwuravia da is SeiZleba exebodes yvela im
met-naklebad mtkivneul problemas, romelsac adgili
aqvs cxovrebis ama Tu im sferoSi. propagandis gaweva
Sens sasargeblod sazogadoebis erTi nawilis an mTlia-
nad yvelas mimxrobas gulisxmobs. amdenad sakiTxi Se-
saZloa exebodes rogorc saSinao, ise sagareo sakiTxebs
mxolod erTi ideis garSemo: gaamarTlo sakuTari da
daamarcxo oponenti, moipovo mxardamWeri da waarTva
sxvas gulSematkivari, gadmoibiro sakuTar mxareze rac
SeiZleba meti da ar misce mowinaaRmdege Zalas sazoga-
doebaze zegavlenis moxdenis saSualeba. swored aseT
Widilsa da Sexla-SemoxlaSi icvleba partiuli ideo-
logiebi, sazogadoebis mxridan adgili aqvs monacvleo-

293
bas erTi partiidan meoreSi da piriqiT. am dros, ro-
gorc wesi, kargad muSaobs cnobili saxeebis, sazogado-
ebisaTvis kargad nacnobi adamianebis, e.w. avtoritete-
bis gadabireba da maTi mimxroba. rogorc wesi, cnobili
adamianebis, cnobadi saxeebis ama Tu im mimarTulebiT
CarTva xels uwyobs konkretuli sazogadoebrivi jgu-
febis moZraobas sxvadasxva mimarTulebiT. komunistu-
ri diqtaturis epoqaSi saxelmwifo politika, ra Tqma
unda, mimarTuli iyo gansxvavebuli ideologiis winaaR-
mdeg da cdilobda masebis, xalxis guliswyromis mimar-
Tvas dasavluri politikisadmi. exla ki sxva viTarebasa
da garemoebasTan gvaqvs saqme, radgan qveyanaSi arsebu-
li sxvadasxva politikuri partiebisa Tu gaerTianebe-
bis safuZvelze mravali idea Tu ideologia muSaobs da
Sesabamisad konkretul partiaTa interesebic ikveTeba.
amitomac amJamad Tanamedrove mediaSi am mxvriv gacile-
biT rTuladaa saqme, vidre adre iyo. maSin saxelmwifo
manqana iyo momarTuli mxolod erTi `mtruli qveynis~
ideologiis winaaRmdeg da qveynis SigniT msgavsi propa-
gandistuli saqmianoba ar saWiroebda aseT moqmedebebs.
dRes ki, uamrav partiaTa arsebobis gamo, mraval gan-
sxvavebul ideologiaTa dapirispirebis fonze, brZo-
lis asparezi ufro gadmotanilia qveynis SigniT da ga-
cilebiT `naklebSromatevadia~ qveynis gareT warmoebu-
li propaganda. qveynis SigniT arsebuli ideologiuri
dapirispireba, romelsac propagandistuli statia em-
saxureba, moicavs yvela Temas, riTac adamiani sul-
dgmulobs da cxovrobs. calkeuli opoziciuri poli-
tikuri partiebi cdiloben ZiriTad Zalas, romelic
qveynis saTaveSia, elaparakon Casafrebulis poziciidan
da aqcenti ZiriTadad gaakeTon, maTi azriT, oficialu-
ri xelisuflebis mcdar da warumatebel nabijebze. ase-
Ti damokidebuleba Tu propaganda, romelsac calkeu-

294
li mediasaSualeba warmoaCens, metad mtkivneulad aRiq-
meba sazogadoebis mxridan. amdenad didi niWi da Zalis-
xmevaa saWiro, gamoicno calkeul mediasaSualebaTa Se-
niRbuloba, raTa sicrue simarTled ar SemogaCeCon,
mtyuani marTlad ar warmogiCinon, codvili ucodve-
lad da a.S. gavixsenoT rusTavi-2-is saqmianoba vardebis
revoluciis win. dRes yvela aRiarebs, rom nacionaluri
moZraobis xelisuflebaSi mosvlisTvis am televiziam
gadamwyveti roli Seasrula.
miuxedavad ideaTa da ideologiaTa dapirispirebi-
sa qveynis SigniT, riTac, rogorc vTqviT, cdiloben
mmarTveli partiis degradirebas mowinaaRmdegeni, uf-
ro zustad opoziciuri anu xelisuflebaSi mosvlis mo-
surne partiebi, sainteresoa TiToeuli maTganis pozi-
cia qveynis gareT arsebul Tu warmoebul politikasTan
mimarTebaSic. aq ZiriTadad ori an maqsimum sami Tval-
sazrisi ikveTeba, rac gamoixateba dasavluri, rusuli
da neitraluri Rirebulebebisadmi midgomebSi. am mi-
marTulebiT sazogadoebis, xalxis simpaTia-antipaTia
met-naklebad gamokveTilia, magram swored isev da isev
ama Tu im partiis propagandistul, ideologizirebul,
agitaciur saqmianobaSi aisaxeba sazogadoebis mxridan
maTdami gamoxatuli mxardaWera. aseT dros sazogadoe-
baze zemoqmedebas, rogorc yovelTvis, gare Zalebic ax-
denen swored ama Tu im konkretul partiaTa liderebis
mosyidvis, faruli dafinansebis saSualebiT, riTac
cdiloben sazogadoebis garkveuli nawilis gulis mo-
gebasac.
amitomac, vimeoreb, amJamad gacilebiT rTuladaa
saqme, vidre sinamdvileSi gvgonia, radgan uamravi Zala
da interesi ikveTeba da gadaxlarTulia erTmaneTSi
rogorc SigniT, ise qveynis farglebs gareT, da namdvi-
lad didi Zalisxmeva da inteleqtualuri resursia sa-

295
Wiro imisaTvis, raTa calkeulma mediasaSualebebma sa-
zogadoebis konsolidireba moaxdinon swori mimarTu-
lebiT da eris interesebis sazianod ar gaiwios propa-
gandistuli saqmianoba. magram arian ki amisaTvis mzad
calkeuli mediasaSualebebi, romlebic sxvadasxva Sexe-
dulebebs erTguleben? ramdenadaa mniSvnelovani maT-
Tvis simarTle da sityvis Tavisufleba, romelsac msa-
xureben da fuli, romelic aris `puri arsobisa?~
`kviris palitra~-26-08-2013, publikaciidan —
`soflis meurneoba — advili gamosavali ar arsebobs
mosavlis dabali xarisxi sawyob-macivrebSi mis Senaxvas
aZnelebs~
`xSiri uamindobisa da zogan stiqiis miuxedavad,
wleuls saqarTveloSi xilisa da bostneulis kargi mo-
savalia. kaxeTSi bevri atami movida, qarTlSi ki msxmoi-
are vaSlis imedi aqvT. Tumca imisgan damoukideblad,
mcirea Tu uxvia Wirnaxuli, glexebs problemebi mainc
eqmnebaT. cudi mosavali TavisTavad cudia, baraqianis
fasi ki, bazarze erTbaSad Sesvlis gamo, ecema da es me-
urneTa amonagebs Zalian amcirebs, Tundac gayidva mo-
xerxdes.
cvalebadi mosavlisa da ori mxridan `Casafrebu-
li~ problemebis pirobebSi, rogorc wesi, gamosavals
eZeben. unda Seikras sruli cikli, rac dovlaTis mowe-
vas, Senaxvasa da gayidvas sWirdeba. wleuls kaxeTSi
glexebma tonobiT arasasufre xarisxis, e.w. sawarmoo
atami gadayares, msgavsi ukiduresobis winaSe araer-
Txel damdgaran citrusis, vaSlis, baRCeulis mwarmo-
eblebi. sanam adgilobrivi xil-bostneuli sanagveze
lpeba, bazars importirebuli produqcia avsebs da
kvlavac mwvaved ismeba lamis maradiuli kiTxva — mainc
ra aris saWiro, adgilobrivi produqciis Senaxvis, ga-
296
damuSavebisa da gayidvisTvis? jer kidev wina xelisuf-
leba ambobda, rom moweul mosavals Senaxva sWirdeba da
samacivre meurneobebis mSeneblobis aucileblobaze
saubrobda. cota xnis win gadacema `biznesfailSi~, ro-
melic radio `palitrisa~ da `palitra TV~-is eTerSi ga-
dis, erT-erTi samacivre meurneobis warmomadgenelma
Tqva, rom adgilobrivi produqcia sakmarisi ar aris
ukve moqmedi macivrebis simZlavreebis dasatvirTavad
da dRes es biznesi, ZiriTadad, importirebuli pro-
duqciis Senaxvaze muSaobs. soflis meurneobis minis-
tris informaciiT ki, qveynis samacivre infrastruqtu-
ras 95 aTasi tona sasoflo-sameurneo produqtis Se-
naxva SeuZlia. samacivre da Sesanaxi meurneobebis arse-
bobis miuxedavad, glexebs xilisa da bostneulis gayid-
vis problema mainc aqvT. saministroSi amboben, rom gai-
sidan es sakiTxi mogvardeba, radgan wleuls dawyebuli
SeRavaTiani agrokreditis proeqtis farglebSi gaix-
sneba araerTi gadammuSavebeli sawarmo, samacivre Tu
sasawyobe meurneoba. es Senaxvis fasebs Seamcirebs da
ufro xelmisawvdoms gaxdis. `fermerTa da agromewar-
meTa umetesi nawili dargSi mimdinare procesebs ar ic-
nobs. Zalian dabalia sasoflo-sameurneo produqciis
warmoebis done, uxeSad irRveva kulturaTa Tesvisa da
movlis agroteqnikuri RonisZiebebi da vadebi, es yve-
laferi ki mosavalze aisaxeba. Sedegad, miRebuli pro-
duqcia ar eqvemdebareba samacivre meurneobebSi didi
xniT Senaxva-dasawyobebas. didi problemaa agreTve mo-
nacemTa bazis ararseboba, rac arTulebs analizs, ro-
gori iyo kulturaTa warmoeba da saSualo mosavliano-
ba, cxovelTa suladoba da sxv., ris mixedviTac dargis
resursi da potenciali unda ganisazRvros. amitom

297
yvela municipalitetSi raionuli sainformacio-sakon-
sultacio samsaxurebi Seiqmna. maTi erT-erTi ZiriTadi
amocana adgilobrivi agrosainformacio bazis Seqmnaa —
saxnavi da mravalwlovani farTobebi, kulturaTa war-
moeba, saSualo mosavlianoba, saSemodgomo da sagazaf-
xulo samuSaoebis monacemebi, teqnika, pirutyvisa da
frinvelis suladoba, gadammuSaveblebisa da Sesanaxi
meurneobebis raodenoba da sxv. nebismieri dainterese-
buli piri konkretul rCevebsac miiRebs agroteqnikur
RonisZiebebsa da vadebze~, — amboben soflis meurneo-
bis saministroSi.
am uwyebis cnobiT, qveyanaSi 34 moqmedi samacivre
meurneobaa. aqedan eqvsi Sida qarTlSia, ori kaxeTSi,
eqvsia imereTSi, erTic samcxe-javaxeTSi, samegrelo-
zemo svaneTSi xuTia, TbilisSi — cxraa; qvemo qarTlSi —
sami da ori — mcxeTa-mTianeTSi. `samacivre meurneobe-
bis didi nawili, daaxloebiT 80%, sxvadasxva mizeziT
ar muSaobs. ZiriTadi mizezebia produqciis mwarmoe-
belsa da samacivre meurneobebis mepatroneTa Soris
araswori komunikacia, produqciis meurneobamde tran-
sportirebis problema, produqciis arasaTanado xa-
risxi, rac gamowveulia agroteqnikuri wesebis darRve-
viT an stiqiis mier.
samacivre kameris gaqiravebis Rirebuleba 1 tona-
ze, saSualod, 35 laria TveSi (gaaCnia produqciis dasa-
xelebas, mis moculobasa da xarisxs). macivari ar iRebs
pasuxismgeblobas, rom produqcia ar gafuWdeba. ami-
tom produqciis mepatrones Zalian didi riskis gaweva
uxdeba, radgan mas warmodgena ar aqvs, ramdenad vargi-
sia produqcia macivarSi SenaxvisTvis.
am yvelafris alternativaa, rom macivrebis mepat-

298
roneebma TviTon SeiZinon produqcia, Seinaxon da ga-
yidvazec izrunon, magram aqac did problemebs awyde-
bian. es gaxlavT xarisxiani produqciis didi moculo-
biT Sesyidva. 100 tona erTi saxisa da xarisxis produq-
ciis mosagrovebladac ki saWiroa ramdenime mwarmoe-
belTan molaparakeba da maTTvis movlis teqnologie-
bis saTiTaod axsna, im doneze, rom maTi produqcia Se-
sanaxavad vargisi iyos. 34 samacivre meurneobidan 14-is
tevadoba 1 aTasi tona da metia. maTi Sesanaxi kamerebis
didi moculobebis gamo, rentabelobis miRweva SesaZ-
lebelia mxolod didi raodenobiT produqciis Senax-
visas. imports Tu gamovricxavT, am raodenobis xaris-
xiani produqciis mogroveba saqarTveloSi fizikurad
SeuZlebelia. aqedan gamomdinare, samacivre meurneobe-
bis 80%-is amuSaveba, dRevandeli warmoebis pirobebSi
ararealuria, xolo amxela masStabebiT importirebul
produqciaze muSaoba did sabrunav kapitalsa da did
riskebs ukavSirdeba.
glexs, romelic produqcias awarmoebs, mosavlis
aRebis momentSi yvelaze metad sWirdeba fuli da imis
miuxedavad, rom samacivre meurneobebma SesaZloa anaz-
Raureba daacadon da realizaciis Semdeg moTxovon,
maT mainc urCevniaT, produqciis nawili aRebisTanave
gayidon. yvelaze Warbad warmoebul kulturebzec ki,
rogoric aris, magaliTad, kartofili da vaSli (eseni
Sesanaxavad idealuri produqtebia), samacivre meurne-
obebze gamokveTili moTxovna ar aris, radgan warmoe-
bis didi masStabis miuxedavad, TviTon mwarmoeblebi
imdenad bevrni arian, rom mTliani warmoeba maTze iyo-
fa da isini ukve sakuTari ZalebiT axerxeben Senaxva-ga-
yidvas. TiTqmis yvelas aqvs sardafis tipis Sesanaxi

299
sawyobebi, sadac ojaxis wevrebis daxmarebiT da elemen-
taruli pirobebis dacviT inaxaven produqcias. ician,
rom danakargebi aris, magram sanacvlod zogaven tran-
sportirebis, produqciis Calageba-gadmotvirTvisa da
samacivre meurneobis xarjebs. araswori dagegmarebis
gamo ki, samacivre meurneobebis nawili araxelsayrel
adgilasaa aSenebuli da maTTan produqciis mitana da-
naxarjebs kidev ufro zrdis. mosavlis Senaxvisas Ziri-
Tadi problema produqciis moyvanisas saWiro agroteq-
nikis daucvelobaa. misi gakontroleba ki, Tu warmoeba
sakuTari ar aris, praqtikulad SeuZlebelia da sworad
Sesrulda Tu ara yvelaferi, es mxolod Senaxvisas pro-
duqciis gafuWebiT vlindeba. ase rom, samacivre meur-
neobebis muSaobis mTavari winapiroba didi raodenobiT
(aTasobiT tona) xarisxiani produqciis warmoebaSia,
romelic Sesanaxad vargisi iqneba~, — ganmartaven sof-
lis meurneobis saministroSi.
rac Seexeba xilisa da bostneulis gadammuSavebel
sawarmoebs, isini 22-ia da ganTavsebulia marneulSi, se-
nakSi, zugdidSi, yvarelSi, ozurgeTSi, gorsa da baTum-
Si. marTalia, gadammuSavebeli qarxnebi adgilobrivi
fermerebisgan ibareben mosavals, magram mza produqci-
is gayidvis problema aqvT. maTi TqmiT, mcire biujetis
gamo, marketinguli TvalsazrisiT bazarze adgilis
damkvidrebas ver axerxeben da amitom jerovan konku-
rencias ver uweven importirebul produqcias, romel-
Ta ukan xSirad Zlieri finansuri jgufebi dganan da
lamis mudmivmoqmed sareklamo kampaniebs awyoben.
amdenad, soflis meurneobaSi kompleqsuri prob-
lemebi ikveTeba, Sesabamisad, isini erToblivad unda
gadaiWras, raTa adgilobriv xil-bostneuls momxmare-

300
beli mxolod sezonze ar iRebdes, agreTve jerovnad
dafasdes da anazRaurdes meurneTa Sromac — uxvi mosa-
vali iseve rom ar aSindebdeT, rogorc mousavlianoba~.
propagandistuli statiis erT-erTi Taviseburebaa
Semtevi stili, Teoriisa da praqtikis kavSiri. cxovre-
bisagan Teoriis mowyveta, praqtikisagan Teoriis gaTiS-
va miuRebelia. yovelTvis saxelmZRvanelo debulebaa
Teoriis ganxilva praqtikasTan kavSirSi. amas unda iTva-
liswinebdes propagandistuli statiis avtori, Tu mas
surs, rom misi sityva gasaziarebeli da raime Rirebule-
bis Semcveli iyos. Teoria unda avsebdes praqtikas, xo-
lo praqtika, Tavis mxvriv, unda amdidrebdes Teorias.
mocemul propagandistul statiaSi avtors Teoriuli
sakiTxebi gaSuqebuli aqvs SemoqmedebiTad. aseTi mid-
goma dogma ki ara, SemoqmedebiTi Teoriaa, romelic kon-
kretuli sakiTxebis warmomSobi mizezebis gaSuqebas Se-
moqmedebiTad warmoaCens xolme da meti emociurobiTa
da eqspresiulobiT tvirTavs saTqmels. propagandis-
tuli statiis avtori swored amas iTvaliswinebs da ara
imas, sadac mxolod sakiTxebis CamonaTvalia, sadac mi-
zezebze zedapiruli saubari statistis rols ufro ir-
gebs da ara analitikosi mkvlevarisa, romlis ZiriTadi
amocanaa swored mizezebisa da faqtebis SemoqmedebiTi
gaSuqeba, romelic mkiTxvels garda problematikis ar-
sSi wvdomisa, aniWebs siamovnebis gancdas, kmayofilebiT
ganawyobs pirvel rigSi azris ganviTarebis Tavisufali
da saintereso warmoCeniT. mizans statiis avtori msgav-
si meTodebiT aRwevs. aq ver vnaxavT mzamzareul, `yuriT
moTreul~ debulebebsa da citatebs, avtori pirad dak-
virvebebsa da mis Sedegad gamotanil daskvnebs eyrdno-
ba, rac aRniSnuli statiis mravalmniSvnelovnebasa da
mizanmimarTulobaSi gamoixateba.
drois SegrZneba propagandistul statiaSi ueWve-

301
lad unda Candes. rac guSin progresuli, e.i. misaRebi
iyo, dRes SeiZleba moZveldes da miuRebeli gaxdes. dia-
leqtikuri kanoni uklebliv yvelaferze moqmedebs. ami-
tom Teoriisa Tu praqtikis sakiTxebis gaSuqebac ganvi-
Tarebisa da mudmivi cvlilebebis aspeqtSi unda xdebo-
des. axali dro, yoveli axali dRe savsea siaxleebiT,
maT cvlilebebi SeaqvT Cvens TvalsazrisSi, kiTxvebis
gagebaSi. am cvlilebaTa gaTvaliswineba, siaxlis grZno-
ba, drois SegrZneba propagandistul statiaSi aucile-
belia, rac naTlad Cans moyvanil statiaSi da misi mim-
zidveloba da Sinaarsianoba gacilebiT saintereso xde-
ba. saqarTvelo xom istoriulad miwaTmoqmedi qveyanaa,
sadac soflis meurneoba erT-erT wamyvan dargad Tu mi-
marTulebad iTvleboda. swored aman aTqmevina cnobil
qarTvels mefe-poets Teimuraz pirvels cnobili stri-
qonebi: `Tu amowyda glexikaci, saqarTvelo daZabunda~.
diax, qarTveli eris Zliereba, misi Rirseba da vaJkacu-
ri SemarTeba istoriulad mTasa da barSi iwrToboda da
foladdeboda. qarTul wiaRSi dabadebuli qarTveli-
saTvis yovelTvis wminda iyo saukuneebs gamotarebuli
erovnuli faseulobebi, romelic SeduRabebuli iyo
muxlCauxrel Sromasa da saqmianobasTan. swored aman
gadaarCina da gaamdidra qarTuli vazi, qarTuli baR-ve-
naxebi... dReisaTvis ki, rodesac xelisuflebis erT-erT
prioritets soflis meurneoba unda warmoadgendes,
statiaSi gadmocemuli ambavi gvagonebs Suasaukuneebis
droindeli qarTuli soflebisadmi ucxotomelTa ve-
ragul politikas, rodesac vazs Cexdnen da wvavdnen,
anadgurebdnen unikaluri qarTuli jiSis mravalwlian
nargavebs, fesvebs uTxridnen zogadad qarTul eTnoss
da cnobierebas. amazrzenia xelisuflebis damokidebu-
leba soflis meurneobisa da zogadad soflisadmi, ro-
desac glexs mouspes adgilobrivi jiSis xil-bostneu-

302
lis bazarze gatanis saSualeba da mosavali umeteswi-
lad vel-mindvrebSi lpeboda, rodesac aranairi per-
speqtiva ar uCanda janiani qarTveli fermeris mier mad-
lian qarTul miwaze moweul produqcias da ... sofelic
dacarielda da daicala, moiSala da moirya saZirkveli
da fuZe misi... aRniSnuli statiis saTqmeli mosasmenad
da wasakiTxad mtkivneulia da mware, magram amasTan au-
cilebeli gakveTili nebismieri ZalisaTvis, romelic
xelisuflebaSi mosvlas Seecdeba. yvelas kargad unda
esmodes, rom msgavsi problematikis wayrueba savalalo
Sedegebis momtania rogorc xelisuflebaSi myofi, aseve
mTlianad qveynisaTvis da am mimarTulebiT konkretuli
mediasaSualebis samarTliani pozicia da xmis amoReba
gmirobis tolfasia da saTanado dafasebas saWiroebs.
gazeTi `baTumis universiteti~-2014 weli, maisi,
№5, fsiqologiis mecnierebaTa doqtoris, profesor
nodar baramiZis publikacia `zogierTi mosazreba leni-
nis sikvdilis savaraudo mizezebis Sesaxeb~.
Tvali gavadevnoT sagazeTo statias, romelic Zal-
ze sainteresod mimoixilavs meoce saukunis erT-erTi
gaxmaurebuli pirovnebis burusiT mocul cxovrebise-
ul detalebs.sagazeTo publikaciaSi avtori cdilobs
sinaTle da sicxade Seitanos bevrisaTvis saintereso,
magram jer kidev gaurkvevel detalebze, faqtebze da
situaciebze, romlis amocanaa aixsnas, gaiSifros, gani-
martos seriozuli, mniSvnelovani, aqtualuri kiTxvebi
da problemebi, gadmoices is Teoriuli msjelobis sa-
fuZvelze dawerili gasagebi eniT da amasTan yvelasaT-
vis misawvdomi da martivi rom iyos.
`mTis arwivi’’ lenini adrec avadmyofobda, xan-
grZlivad mkurnalobda da isvenebda, magram sicocxlis
bolo wlebSi aman sistematuri xasiaTi miiRo.1922 wlis
dekemberSi gorkaSi samkurnalod myofi leninis jan-

303
mrTeloba mkveTrad gauaresda. leninma faqtobrivad
dakarga metyvelebisa da moZraobis unari. igi xSirad da
umizezod Riziandeboda, axlos ar ikarebda eqimebs,
zogjer ar undoda krupskaias naxvac, umizezod tiroda
da icinoda kidec. dauqveiTda mexsierebac, ver asru-
lebda elementarul maTematikur operaciebs, Seecvala
gamometyveleba, SeSliliviT daeZebda raRac sabuTebs,
dokumentebs malavda leibis qveS, sxva samalavebSi. yve-
la wamals gemos usinjavda. bevr wyals svamda da xSirad
oTaxebSi Sardavda. rig SemTxvevaSi ver acnobierebda,
rom samoqalaqo omi damTavrda da a.S.
avadmyofi leninisaTvis dawesda specialuri saeqi-
mo reJimi, romlis dacvaze pasuxismgebloba daekisra
komisias stalinis, zinovievisa da kamenevis Semadgenlo-
biT. 1922 wlis 18 dekembers ki ck-is plenumma uSualod
stalins daakisra `personaluri pasuxismgebloba leni-
nis izolaciaze, rogorc muSakebTan misi piradi urTi-
erTobis, ise mimoweris mxriv~.
ai, aseT adamians malavdnen Turme saguldagulod.
lenini faqtobrivad SeSlili iyo, romlis simptomebic
sakmaod adre gamovlinda. amas adasturebs Tundac misi
aseTi SemaZrwunebeli, araadamianuri sanqciebi Tu gan-
kargulebebi: „yovelgvari idioturi aurzauris gareSe
daxvriteT ukleblv yvela~. es sanqcia exeboda sxvadas-
xva qalaqSi tyveobaSi myof milionamde(!) kazaks. „nura-
vis daekiTxebiT — daxvriteT, daxvriteT, daxvriteT~,
`masobrivi terori, gadaasaxleT, CayareT sakoncentra-
cio banakebSi~, `waarTviT mTeli puris maragi da Camoax-
rCveT kulakebi~, „amx. ZerJinskis ... aucilebelia rac Se-
iZleba swrafad movuRoT bolo mRvdlebsa da religias
... daxvriteT Seubraleblad, daxvriteT yvelgan da rac
SeiZleba meti...~.
fizikurad da sulierad aseT umweo mdgomareobaSi

304
myofi lenini gardaicvala gorkaSi 1924 wlis 21 ianvars.
adamianis gardacvaleba Cveulebrivi movlenaa, miT uf-
ro aseT mdgomareobaSi myofi, mZimed avadmyofi adamia-
nis SemTxvevaSi. TiTqos Cveulebrivadve unda yofiliyo
aRqmuli es, magram leninis sikvdilis uSualo mizezeb-
Tan dakavSirebiT iyo da aris azrTa sxvadasxvaoba. amas
Tavis droze didad Seuwyo xeli trockisa da buxarinis
miniSnebebma. ukanasknel periodSi es sakiTxi kvlav aq-
tualuri gaxada, profesorma d. volkogonovma Tavis
sqeltanian wignebSi leninis, stalinisa da trockis Se-
saxeb. erTni ambobdnen da amboben lenini stalinma mo-
wamlao, meoreni — Tavi moiklao, mesameni — bunebrivi
sikvdiliT aResrulao.
ra SeiZleba iTqvas stalinTan dakavSirebuli ver-
siis Sesaxeb? jer erTi, Tu sarecels mijaWvuli, umZi-
mes, krupskaias sityvebiT, rom vTqvaT `sazarel~ mdgo-
mareobaSi myofi leninis sikvdili stalinis intereseb-
Si Sedioda, gaugebaria maSin gansakuTrebuli Zalisxme-
va, misi didi mecadineoba msoflios saukeTeso eqimebis
mosawvevad. misi uSualo gankargulebiT yvelaferi keT-
deboda avadmyofisaTvis. leninis mkurnalobaSi da kon-
sultaciebSi, mravalricxovan konsiliumebSi monawile-
obdnen gamoCenili sabWoTa da ucxoeli specialistebi
(26 profesori da doqtori), romlebsac uxdidnen zRap-
ruli raodenobis fuls, ZiriTadad oqroTi. iqneb sta-
lini amiT Tavis SeniRbul survils malavda? Tu adamia-
nis janmrTelobisaTvis zrunav, misi sicocxlisaTvis
yvelafers akeTeb, rogor unda SevaTavsoT es misi sik-
vdilis survilTan? ratom gairTulebda uaRresad win-
daxeduli stalini xelovnurad saqmes aseTi survilis
SemTxvevaSi, roca yvelaferi bunebrivad aqeTken midio-
da?
leninis sikvdilis mizezebTan dakavSirebiT gamoT-

305
qmuli versiebis Sesafaseblad, vfiqrobT, yvelaze uf-
ro mizanSewonili iqneba gavecnoT partiul arqivSi da-
cul mravlismetyvel saidumlo dokuments: `sruliad
saidumlod, politbiuros wevrebs SabaTs 11 marts amx.
n. krupskaiam arxikonspiraciuli wesiT macnoba me
„vl.iliCis Txovna stalinisadmi~ imis Sesaxeb, rom me,
stalinma, aviRo sakuTar Tavze pasuxismgebloba viSovo
da gadavce vl. ilias Zes kaliumcianidis porcia. CemTan
saubarSi n.k.Tqva, rom „vl. ilias Ze ganicdis autanel
tanjvas~, rom „ase sicocxle warmoudgenelia~, da daJi-
nebiT moTxovda `uari ar meTqva iliCis Txovnaze~. n.k.
gansakuTrebuli daJinebisa da imis gamo, rom vl. ilias
Ze moiTxovda Cems Tanxmobas, me ar CavTvale saWirod
meTqva uari da ganvacxade: `vl. ilias Zes vTxov damSvid-
des da mendos, rom roca saWiro iqneba, me uyoymanod Se-
vasruleb mis Txovnas~.
magram unda ganvacxado, rom me ar meyofa Zalebi Se-
vasrulo vl. ilias Zis Txovna da iZulebuli var uari
vTqva am misiaze, rogoradac ar unda iyos igi humanuri
da aucilebeli, ris Sesaxebac vauwyeb ck p. biuros wev-
rebs. 21 marti, 1923 w. i. stalini~ am werilis gacnobas
TavianTi xelmowerebiT adastureben trocki, zinovie-
vi, kamenevi, buxarini, molotovi, tomski. es ukanaskneli
moiTxovs sakiTxis ganxilvas politbiuros gansakuTre-
bul sxdomaze mdivan-memanqaneebisa Tu sxva teqnikuri
personalis monawileobis gareSe. gavecnoT stalinis
xeliT Sedgenil kidev erT sagulisxmo saidumlo doku-
ments. `zinovievs, kamenevs.
es esaa gamomiZaxa nadeJda konstantines asulma da
saidumlod macnoba, rom iliCi `sazarel~ mdgomareoba-
Sia, mas aqvs Setevebi, ar unda, ar SeuZlia meti sicoc-
xle da moiTxovs kaliumcianids aucileblad~. macnoba
rom scada kaliumis micema, magram `ar eyo gamZleoba~,

306
ris gamoc moiTxovs `stalinis daxmarebas~. stalini.’’
rogorc vxedavT, pirvel dokumentSi krupskaia daJine-
biT moiTxovs stalinisagan uari ar Tqvas iliCis Txov-
naze misces sasikvdilo sawamlavi. mivaqcioT yuradRe-
ba, krupskaia stalins ki ar arcnobs viTarebas, ki ar
Txovs, aramed gansakuTrebuli daJinebiT moiTxovs,
rom man Seasrulos iliCis zemoaRiSnuli Txovna. meore
saidumlo dokumentidan irkveva, rom krupskaias pira-
dad TviTon ucdia sawamlavis micema, magram, rogorc
TviTon ambobs, bolomde `ar eyo gamZleoba~ Turme da
moiTxovs `stalinis daxmarebas~. am dokumentis gacno-
bis Semdeg Tuki vinmeze SeiZleba leninis sikvdilze (mo-
wamvlaSi) eWvis Setana, pirvel rigSi, albaT isev krup-
skaiaze. vin icis, iqneb n. krupskaiam meore cdisas gamoi-
Cina ufro meti gamZleoba da warmatebiT Seasrula es
`humanuri~ moqmedeba? ase rom, leninis tvinis SesaZle-
beli bioqimiuri eqpsertizac ki, romelsac stalinisad-
mi aSkara miniSnebebiTa da qveteqstebiT elodebian ma-
vanni, ukeTes SemTxvevaSi mxolod daadasturebs misi
mowamvlis faqts (Tu amas marTlac hqonda adgili), mag-
ram sawamlavis mimcemi pirovnebis vinaobas ver daad-
gens.
rac Seexeba stalinTan dakavSirebul versias, am sa-
idumlo masalis gacnobis Semdeg kidev erTxel naTeli
xdeba, rom leninis sikvdilis survilis SemTxvevaSi,
stalini politbiuros ki ar mimarTavda aRniSnuli we-
riliT, igi ubralod Seasrulebda krupskaias daJine-
bul moTxovnas da amiT, sxvaTaSoris, leninisaTvis adre
micemul pirobasac Seasrulebda. maria ulianova adas-
turebs, rom 1922 wlis maisSi avadmyofobiT Tavzarda-
cemulma leninma sityva CamoarTva stalins, rom morigi
paralizisa da mwyobridan gamosvlis SemTxvevaSi igi sa-
wamlavs miscemda mas. da ai, mZime mdgomareobaSi myofma

307
leninma stalins pirobis Sesruleba moTxova, razedac
krupskaiac iyo Tanaxma. SeiZleba vifiqroT, iliCi amow-
mebda stalins momcems Tu ara sasikvdilo sawamlavso.
magram ara, aseTi eqsperimentebisaTvis lenins maSin nam-
dvilad ar ecala. imdenad autaneli — krupskaias sit-
yvebiT rom vTqvaT, `sazareli~ iyo misi mdgomareoba, ise
wvalobda igi, rom stalinis megobrobas, mis simtkices
endoboda da amgvarad surda gausaZlis sicocxles ga-
mosalmeboda. magram aSkarad Cans, rom stalinma krup-
skaiasgan gansxvavebiT, Tavi Seikava aseTi `humanuri~
qmedebisagan (qmedebis yovelgvari cdisagan).
ase rom, motanili saidumlo dokumentidan gamom-
dinare, yvela SemTxvevaSi mainc realuri mkvleli (fi-
zikurad da ideurad), krupskaia gamodis. stalins krup-
skaias `daJinebuli moTxovna~ rom Seesrulebina da le-
ninisaTvis gadaeca sawamlavi, krupskaias roli am saqme-
Si gadamwyveti ar iqneboda? mas xom SeeZlo `daJinebuli
moTxovniT~ ki ar miemarTa stalinisaTvis, aramed ubra-
lod ecnobebina misTvis es ambavi, Tundac Semdgomi kon-
sultaciisaTvis, anda saerTod gaCumebuliyo, daemla
beladis aseTi saSineli moTxovna stalinisadmi. vin
akontrolebda, vin aiZulebda mas swored ise moqceuli-
yo, rogorc moiqca ?
iqneb eSinoda, avadmyofi lenini `CamiSvebso~ cno-
bil komisiasTan. asec rom momxdariyo, gana vinme usayve-
durebda krupskaias amisTvis? Tuki adre stalinma igi
datuqsa, es gaakeTa dawesebuli saeqimo reJimis darRve-
vis gamo. opozicionerebisadmi yovelTvis loialurad
ganwyobilma krupskaiam es reJimi daarRvia faqtobri-
vad maT sasargeblod da leninis janmrTelobis sazia-
nod. am SemTxvevaSi ki krupskaia yovelmxriv daculi
iyo. magram yvelafris miuxedavad, igi swored ase moiq-
ca da am qmedebaSi gana ar ikiTxeba misi faruli Tu aSka-

308
ra survili leninis sikvdilisa? sxva sakiTxia es humanu-
ri moqmedeba iyo, Tu arahumanuri. magram Cveni Tanamema-
mulis braleuloba am saqmeSi ar Cans. stalins sxva cod-
vebic eyofa da xelovnurad misi damZimeba arazneobri-
via, miT ufro, rodesac es keTdeba arajansaRi intere-
sebidan gamomdinare.
Cveni azriT, miuxedavad imisa, rom autaneli tan-
jvis gamo Tavad lenini iyo Tavisi sikvdilis damkve-
Ti,xolo fsiqologiuri TvalsazrisiT krupskaia —
mkvleli, aSkaraa, rom stalins arc erTi maTganisaTvis
ar gauwevia `daxmareba~. vfqirobT, iliCi aseTi aqtiuri
garegani Carevebis gareSe gardaicvala~.
xSirad ibeWdeba kritikuli xasiaTis werilebi, ro-
melSic xan erTi Sexedulebisadmi mxardaWera, erTi ide-
is gamarTleba xSirad xdeba meore Sexedulebis, ideis,
kritikis xarjze. zogadad aseTi midgoma sainteresoa
da misdami damajereblobac warmodgenili argumenta-
ciisa Tu poziciis sisworis Sesabamisia. miuxedavad ami-
sa, rac ar unda marTali iyos oponenti, erTgvari eWvis
sababi mainc iCens xolme Tavs, rodesac sakuTar pozici-
as amarTleb da sxvisas ki akritikeb. vimeorebT: es asea
da damkvidrebuli wesia, magram Sens utyuarobasa da sa-
marTlianobaSi meti simtkicis, Tundac meti damajereb-
lobisa Tu mxardaWerisaTvis aucilebelia da kargi sa-
Sualebaa faqtebiT argumentireba, dinji da damajere-
beli toni, Sefaruli, iSviaTad Ria da pirdapiri propa-
ganda da dacva im Rirebulebebisa, rac migaCnia utyuar
argumentad konkretul situaciaSi, da ara mxolod mo-
winaaRmdegis SiSveli kritika. faqtze faqtebma unda
ilaparakon, faqtebma unda imetyvelon, faqtebma unda
gaswion propaganda, faqtebma unda imuSaon, — es aris ve-
laze mTavari argumenti propagandistuli statiisa.
xsenebuli publikacia namdvilad arTmevs Tavs am prob-

309
lematikas. am werilSi swored faqtebiT propagandaa,
utyuari detalebia im SexedulebaTa da TvalsazrisTa
gamosaxatad, rasac publikaciis avtori isaxavs miznad.
am SemTxvevaSi propagandistuli statiis daniSnuleba
sazogadoebaSi swori, marTali, realuri sinamdvilis
Cvenebaa, am mimarTulebiT Cvens sazogadoebaSi arsebu-
li Teoriuli Tu praqtikuli Sexedulebebis Ria da sa-
jaro propagandaa, romelic damkvidrebuli stereoti-
pebis moSlas emsaxureba.

literatura:

1. `kviris palitra~-26-08-2013
2. `baTumis universiteti~-2014 weli, maisi, №5

problemuri statia

problematuri statiis amocanaa warmoaCinos prob-

lema, rogorc socialuri TvalsazrisiT yvelaze mniS-
vnelovani, saintereso, aqtualuri. aCvenos yvelas, rom
es problema namdvilad aSfoTebs da ipyrobs sazogado-
ebis yuradRebas. problemuri statiis erT-erTi mniS-
vnelovani elementi prognozirebaa, rodesac avtoris
mier problemis savaraudo samomavlo ganviTarebis Se-
saxeb saintereso Sexedulebebi kidev ufro mniSvnelo-
vani da sayuradRebo daskvnebiT yalibdeba, rodesac
daskvnebis Taobaze gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi tovebs
utyuaris, WeSmaritis, swori da marTali STabeWdilebis
gancdas. es yovelive auditoriis cnobierebaze aisaxeba,
rogorc yvelaze STambeWdavi zemoqmedebis momxdeni
ganwyoba. problemuri xasiaTis statiaSi garkveulwi-

310
lad gamoTqmulia mosazreba, varaudi dasmuli sakiTxis
samomavlo ganviTarebis Sesaxeb.
sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi zogjer iseTi proble-
mac dgeba, romelic uSualod soflis meurneobas, mec-
nierebas, teqnikas ar exeba. rig SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba igi
Seexebodes raime uaryofiT movlenas adamianTa Segneba-
Si, yofaSi, zneobaSi, magram esec problemaa, romelsac
droze mixedva sWirdeba.
problemuri statiis daniSnulebaa aseve sazoga-
doebriv cxovrebaSi momwifebuli raime mniSvnelovani
sakiTxis, problemis dasma da imis damtkiceba, rom saWi-
roa am problemis gadawyveta. cxovreba viTardeba, win
midis da mas mTeli rigi cvlilebebi Seaqvs yvelaferSi.
amis mizezi SeiZleba iyos teqnikis swrafi ganviTareba,
sxvadasxva dargSi miRweuli axali, progresuli meTo-
debi an sxva, zogjer gauTvaliswinebeli garemoebebi,
rodesac am garemoebaTa safuZvelze xSirad dgeba iseTi
problema, romlis swor gadawyvetas SesaZloa didi war-
matebebi mohyves.
am aspeqtSi gvinda ganvixiloT ema tuxiaSvilis sta-
tia, romelic gamoqveynda gazeT `kviris palitraSi~ —
23-09-2013 saTauriT: `ucxoeli investori yovelTvis
marTalia?!
` gasul kviras `ekopalitris~ mTavari Tema Txilis
bizness mieZRvna. bolo wlebSi evropul bazrebze qar-
Tul Txilze moTxovna gaizarda. Sesabamisad, Txilis
eqsporti sakmaod sarfian da Semosavlian saqmed iqca.
Tumca Txilis mwarmoeblebi da eqsportiorebi mTel
rig problemebze saubroben. maT Soris, TaRliTur sqe-
mebze, romlis msxverplic bolo wlebSi Txilis bizne-
siT dakavebuli ramdenime mewarme gaxda.
Sinaur mRvdels rom Sendoba ar aqvs, Cvens sinam-

311
dvileSi siaxle ar aris. adeiSvilis prokuraturas es
andaza kargad hqonda gaTavisebuli, gansakuTrebiT,
biznesis mimarT. sakmarisi iyo, romelime vaiinvestors
mis qarTvel partniorze prokuraturaSi gancxadeba Se-
etana, rom qarTveli biznesmeni elvis siswrafiT giso-
sebs miRma aRmoCndeboda xolme. mniSvneloba ar hqonda
saqmis realur garemoebebs, wilebis odenobas, dabande-
bul investiciebs, qarTuli mxaris argumentebsa da
mtkicebulebebs. investori yovelTvis `marTali~ iyo.
dro Seicvala. qveyanas sxva xelisufleba marTavs,
samarTlianobis aRdgenis imedic gaCnda, magram samwuxa-
rod, adeiSvilis dauwereli kanonebi jer isev moqme-
debs, gansakuTrebiT, regionebSi. biznesmen arCil veku-
as saqme amis naTeli magaliTia.
yvelaferi imiT daiwyo, rom saqarTveloSi 2009
wels TurqeTis moqalaqe ali riza kizildagi Camovida
da Txilis biznesSi CarTva gadawyvita. man Tavi qarTvel
partniorebs gaacno, rogorc Sveicariis sainvesticio
jgufis warmomadgenelma da didi kavSirebis mqone biz-
nesmenma.
arCil vekua (biznesmeni): `pirveli, rac ali riza ki-
zildagma gaakeTa, Sps `anka georgia~ daafuZna, romlis
80%-is mflobeli da erT-erTi direqtoric TviTon gax-
da, xolo Zmebi, giga da gedevan korZaxiebi, mcire wilis
partniorebad daaregistrira.
ali riza kizildagis sqema martivi iyo. man sofel
darCelSi, Zmebi korZaxiebis meSveobiT, fridon koduas
Txilis qarxana daiqirava, mcire fermerebisgan Txilis
miReba `posleze~ daiwyo da produqcia ucxoel myidve-
lebs gaugzavna.
sul raRac weliwad-naxevarSi am biznesidan ise ga-

312
movida, rom giga korZaxia, rogorc kompaniis erT-erTi
direqtori, kompaniis sagadasaxado valdebulebebis ga-
mo cixeSi aRmoCnda, xolo qarxnis mepatrone fridon
koduas finansuri problemebi Seeqmna. Tavad ali riza
kizildagi mSralad gamoZvra Seqmnili viTarebidan da
xeli qarTveli partniorebisken gaiSvira, rom TiTqos
mas atyuebdnen, ar icoda qarTuli kanonebi da metic,
isic ki ar icoda, rom Tavisive kompaniis direqtori
iyo.
amis Semdeg ali riza kizildagi me damikavSirda. ga-
mecno, rogorc seriozuli biznesmeni da Sveicariis el-
CTan daaxloebuli piri. SemomTavaza partnioroba da
sanacvlod mamaCemis, Tengiz vekuas Txilis qarxnis saq-
meSi Cadeba momTxova.
ali riza kizildagi amjeradac Cveuli sqemiT moq-
medebda. produqcias mcire fermerebisgan `posleze~
iRebda, ucxoeli myidvelebisgan ki fuls winaswar ric-
xavda mis kuTvnil kompaniaSi, romelic amjerad Sveica-
riaSi daaregistrira da saxelad `anka fudi~ daarqva,
romlis 20%-ic, Cveni zepiri SeTanxmebiT, me mekuTvnis,
Tumca aqac momatyua.
Semdeg, Cemi firmidan 250 aTasi lari gamomatanina
da Tavisi mikrosafinanso organizacia `svis krediti~
daafuZna, romelSic aseve 20% unda moeca, Tumca arc es
piroba Seasrula.
roca zepiri SeTanxmebebis Sesruleba movTxove da
Tan dainaxa, rom dasaxul mizans — Cveni ojaxis Txilis
qarxanas xelSi Cagdebas ver miaRwevda (manamde is bankSi
Camadebina kreditis sanacvlod) 2013 wlis gazafxulze
prokuraturaSi gancxadeba Seitana da im Tanxebis miT-
visebaSi damdo brali, romliTac Tavisi kuTvnili fir-

313
ma daafuZna.
prokuraturis reagirebam ar daayovna. miuxedavad
imisa, rom Cven Soris zugdidis raionul sasamarTloSi
samoqalaqo dava mimdinareobda, ar daeloda saqmis das-
rulebas, saswrafo wesiT brali wamiyena da 35 aTasi la-
ris girao Semifarda~.
laSa nodia (arCil vekuas advokati): `yvelanairi
logikiTa da samarTlianobis principis gaTvaliswine-
biT, prokuratura mxareebs Soris samoqalaqo davis
dasrulebas unda dalodeboda. bralis wardgenidan er-
Ti Tvis Tavze, zugdidis raionulma sasamarTlom ali
riza kizildagis sarCeli arCil vekuas mimarT ar daak-
mayofila usafuZvlobis gamo. metic, Semxvedri sarCe-
liT, romliTac arCil vekua iTxovs ali riza kizilda-
gis mier sxvadasxva dros miTvisebuli, jamSi 371 aTasi
laris dabrunebas, swored am ukanasknelis wili daaya-
daRa mis mier dafuZnebul mikrosafinanso organizacia
`svis kreditSi~. gamodis, erTsa da imave saqmeze arCil
vekua samoqalaqo wesiT mogebulia da amave dros, sis-
xlis samarTlis saqmeSi braldebulad aris cnobili. es
sruli samarTlebrivi nonsensi da absurdia, radgan iu-
ridiul mecnierebaSi ar arsebobs danaSauli zianis ga-
reSe. vfiqrobT, samegrelo-zemo svaneTis regionalur-
ma prokuraturam aSkarad iCqara gadawyvetilebis gamo-
tanisas. Cven saCivaric gvaqvs Setanili prokuraturaSi
ali riza kizildagis winaaRmdeg, magram jerjerobiT
saqme mxolod arCil vekuas winaaRmdeg mimdinareobs,
rac aSkarad gansxvavebul standartebs awesebs qarTve-
li da ucxoeli biznesmenis mimarT. imeds vitovebT, rom
mTavari prokurori am saqmes pirad kontrolze aiyvans
da obieqtur gadawyvetilebas miiRebs~.

314
 sasamarTlo ganxilvebze isic gairkva, rom ali ri-
za kizildagi sinamdvileSi TurqeTis moqalaqea da war-
sulSi TurqeTis mTavrobis gadatrialebis mcdelobis
braldebiT aris gasamarTlebuli. SveicariaSi reziden-
tis statusiT cxovrobs da mcire benzingasamarTi sad-
guri aqvs naqiravebi, riTic ojaxs arCens. investicias ki
im Tanxebs eZaxis, romlebsac Txilis Semsyidvelebi sa-
qarTveloSi produqciis SesaZenad ricxaven. ase rom,
vidre prokuratura Sinauris dasjaze ifiqrebs, albaT
umjobesi iqneba jer e.w. investoris pirovneba Seiswav-
lon da saqmis realuri garemoebebi daadginon.
leila fxakaZe (ali riza kizildagis advokati):
`ali riza kizildagi SveicariaSi mcxovrebi TurqeTis
moqalaqea. is adriano taranosTan erTad gaxlavT Svei-
cariuli kompania `anka fudis~ direqtori da Tanadam-
fuZnebeli. man saqarTveloSi biznessaqmianoba agvistos
omis Semdgom periodSi daiwyo, roca gansakuTrebiT
uWirda saqarTvelos da bevri investori Tavs ikavebda
investiciebis dabandebisgan. 2008 wlidan dRemde Sps
`anka georgias~, ali riza kizildags, `anka fudsa~ da
sxva ucxoel biznezmenebs, evropis bazarze saqarTve-
lodan gatanili aqvT 4 milion evroze meti Rirebule-
bis Txilis produqcia. misi ZalisxmeviT moxerxda, rom
Txilis mdgradi miwodebis uwyveti jaWvis proeqtiT
dainteresdnen Sveicariisa da avstriis ganviTarebis sa-
agentoebi. maT gadawyvites, sakuTari wvlili SeetanaT
treningebiTa da sertifikaciis dafinansebiT. 2012 wels
`anka fudi~ CaerTo saqarTvelos fermerTa proeqtSi.
es is SemTxveva gaxlavT, roca Sveicariuli indus-
tria daTanxmda da qarTuli Txili SeiZina. amJamad ki
sainvesticio proeqti daxurvis safrTxis winaSe dgas.

315
mizezi gaxlavT Sps `anka fudisa~ da ali riza kizilda-
gis kuTvnili Tanxebis didi odenobiT miTviseba, rome-
lic Camoiricxa `abv jgufis~ angariSze. es Tanxebi Txi-
lis produqciis Sesasyidad iricxeboda. am SemTxvevaSi
ucxoeli investoris ndoba borotad iqna gamoyenebuli.
erT magaliTs mogiyvanT mxolod. arCil vekuas mier
2012 wlis 4 seqtembers, xelmowerili iyo dokumenti, sa-
dac is adasturebs, rom miwa, mdebare zugdidSi, marjve-
na sanapiros q. №50-Si, romelic ekuTvnis TiTqos mas,
aris 1470 kvm da Rirs $200 aTasidan $250 aTasamde. damer-
wmunebiT, samegrelo las-vegasi ar aris. am qonebas is
debs kompania `anka fudSi~ 20%-iani wilis sanacvlod.
Cven es informacia sajaro reestrSi gadavamowmeT da
miviReT oficialuri dadastureba, rom arCil vekuas
saxelze es qoneba registrirebuli ar iyo~.
dasasrul, am saqmeSi aseve erTob ucnaurad gamoi-
yureba Sveicariis saelCos uCveulo aqtiuroba. sael-
Cos mdivani, floran dubleri piradad eswreba sasamar-
Tlo procesebs da komentarebs akeTebs mediis winaSe,
xolo ali riza kizildagi procesze misi diplomatiuri
avtomobiliT dadis. gaugebaria, ratom iCens aseT yu-
radRebas Sveicariis saelCo warsulSi gansakuTrebiT
mZime danaSaulisTvis braldebuli Turqi biznesmenis
mimarT. miT umetes, rogorc CvenTvis cnobili gaxda, sa-
elCo Ziebis procesSic aqtiurad iyo CarTuli. Tumca,
meore mxriv, es unda naTeli signali iyos Cveni xeli-
suflebisaTvis, Tu rogor icavs evropuli qveyana Ta-
vis rezidents sxva saxelmwifoSi, maSin roca CvenTan
qarTveli biznesmeni, rogorc wesi, mudam `damnaSavea~.
aRniSnuli sagazeTo publikaciis problematuro-
ba, metad mtkivneuli faqtis aqtualoba, marTalia erT

316
konkretul sferos moicavs, magram Tavisi mniSvnelo-
biT, SinaarsiTa da xasiaTiT saerTo sazogadoebriv sat-
kivars warmoadgens. misi miyrueba da mifuCeCeba ki ar
SeiZleba, radgan amgvari damokidebuleba gazrdis ara
mxolod sakiTxTan, problemasTan uSualod dakavSire-
bul adamianTa protests, aramed es mTlianad sazogado-
ebis, masebis saerTo ganwyobad gadaiqceva, romelTaT-
vis erovnuli yvelaze metad fasobs, yvelaze mniSvne-
lovan Rirebulebad iTvleba. ratom varT gulgrilni im
danaSaulTa mimarT, romelsac sCadis Cveni sazogadoe-
bis zogierTi wevri? ratom maT winaaRmdeg xmas ar avi-
maRlebT? ratom gverds vuvliT am faqtebs? es xom Cven
gvexeba? Cvens Svilebs? axalgazrdebs? ai, kiTxvebis Ca-
monaTvali, romelzedac pasuxebi statiaSi unda veZioT.
samwuxarod, bevr CvenganSi kidev cxovrobs provinciu-
li ganwyoba, TiTqos yvelaferi, rac Cven garSemo xdeba,
Cven ar gvexeba. mdenad, misdami pasuxismgeblobac ar
gvekisreba. sinamdvileSi ki piriqiTaa. swored msgavsi
problematuri sakiTxebisa-dmi gulgrili damokidebu-
leba, ,,ra Cemi saqmeas” principiT cxovreba azianebs da
fexqveS Telavs saerTo saxelmwifoebrivs, rodesac nam-
dvilad ar aris sulerTi vin rogor da ranairad moiqce-
va Sens ezoSi, Sens quCaze, Sens sofelsa Tu qalaqSi da
saerTod qveyanaSi. statiis avtori asaxelebs SemaZrwu-
nebel faqtebs, Tu rogori TaRliTuri sqemiT cdilobs
ucxoeli investori Sensave miwaze araadamianurad iqce-
odes, tyuilebisa da SantaJis eniT gelaparakebodes da
Sensave qveyanaSi samarTals sakuTari neba-survilis mi-
xedviT amkvidrebdes. statiis avtori yuradRebas amax-
vilebs im mizezebzec, Tu rogor uwyobda xels qarTuli
sasamarTlo zogierT Tavgasul ucxoel `vaiinvestors~
daeZira da bolomde gaenadgurebina axalfexadgmuli
qarTuli biznesi, romelic xandaxan mTeli regionis mo-

317
saxleobis erTaderTi Semosavlis wyarod iTvleboda da
masze xSirad iyo damokidebuli adamianebis bedi.
statiaSi kargad ikiTxeba avtoris analitikuri az-
rovnebis unari: am yvelaferSi marto TviTon ucxoeli
investori an sasamarTlo rodia damnaSave. samwuxarod
aseTi damokidebuleba xelisuflebisgan modioda da
rom amaSi aseve didia wvlili Cveni — Cemi, Seni, mTlianad
sazogadoebis, rodesac didxans, Zalian didxans gul-
grilad SevyurebT am saSinel situacias da xmis amoReba
ki aravis surs. statiis avtori saintereso faqtebis
moSveliebiT gveubneba, rom xSirad Cvenive gulgrilo-
bis msxverpli vxvdebiT da Cvendauneburad raRac bo-
rotmoqmedebaSi wilic gviZevs. saintereso faqtebis
moSveliebiT avtori gvaxedebs mis warmomSob mizezebSi
da dasZens, rom droa bolo moeRos aseT midgomas, ro-
gorc xelisuflebis, ise sazogadoebis mxridan da arc
erT Cvengans ufleba ar aqvs pilatesaviT xeldabanili
gveCvenos, roca Cvens Tvalwin boroteba xdeba.
problemuri statiis avtori marTebulad aviTa-
rebs azrs, rom marTlmsajulebas borotebis SedegTan
aqvs saqme da misi gamosworebisaTvis ki ar zrunavs, mis
warmomSob mizezebs ki ar ebrZvis, romelzedac man gaxa-
reba SeZlo, aramed xelSemwyobadac gvevlineba da rom
es yvelaferi sazogadoebis TvalSi kidev ufro met eW-
vebs aCens, aseve diskreditaciasa da undoblobas iwvevs
sasamarTlo xelisufalTadmi da saboloo jamSi sazo-
gadoebrivi interesebi uxeSad iTeleba fexqveS. statiis
avtori aseve gvarwmunebs, rom saWiroa yovelma Cvengan-
ma meti pasuxismgebloba gamoiCinos, daemSvidobos dana-
Saulebriv gulgrilobas, xma aimaRlos maT winaaRmdeg,
vinac xels uwyobs msgavsi sinamdvilis damkvidrebas
cxovrebaSi. statia dawerilia Zalze mimzidvelad, masSi
moyvanili faqtebi da misi warmomSobi mizezebi mkiT-

318
xvelze did STabeWdilebas axdens. darwmunebuli var es
statia mkiTxvelis Segnebaze Rrma kvals gaavlebs. aq
ganxilulia problema, romelic Cvens sazogadoebaSi
momwifda da romelsac gadaWra sWirdeba. avtori svams
am problemas, asabuTebs, msjelobs, gvarwmunebs, azoga-
debs, gviCvenebs misi gadaWris gzebs. amitom igi proble-
muri statiaa.
problemuri statiis nimuSad warmovadgenT aseve
gazeT — `kviris palitra~-Si 26-08-2013 dabeWdil eTer
eraZis publikacias: `Cveni cxvriT TaTrebi mdidrdebi-
an~
`...gonji droa, Svilo, mTavrobisgan xalxis yurad-
Reba aRar aris erTi zRaparia, `cxvari da siRaribe~,
cxvari rom Ratakis saxlSi Sevida da iq gaparpaSebul
siRaribes fexebi daubakuna, — mousvi aqedan, oTxiv
kuTxeSi me unda davido binao. siRaribem uTxra, — vin
oxeri xar, aqedan rom magdeb, Tu maincdamainc — erT
kuTxes ver imyofinebo?! cxvarma upasuxa, — rogorc
giTxari, ise moiqeci. erT kuTxeSi me unda viyo, meoreSi
batkani unda davsva, mesame matylisTvis mWirdeba da me-
oTxe — rZisa da yvelisTviso! Tavs ver davdeb, rom es
zRapari qarTvelebis mogonilia, magram mainc mgonia,
rom asea — sxva, Cven garda, aravin meguleba, mudam omSi
Cabmuls, aoxrebuli saxl-karis asaRorZineblad cxvar-
ze ukeTesi saSualeba moeZebnos, — cxvars xom mxolod
erT weliwadSi SeuZlia patrons xorcic misces, rZec,
yvelic, Casacmel-dasaxuric.
publikaciis dasawyisSi avtori sainteresod amax-
vilebs yuradRebas im damokidebulebaze, rasac xeli-
sufleba iCens zogadad iseTi mniSvnelovani dargisad-
mi, rogoricaa mecxvareoba. sakiTxis aqtualobidan ga-
momdinare, meti damajereblobisa da zemoqmedebis mox-

319
denis mizniT, avtori warsulis magaliTebs iSveliebs da
qarTuli zRapridan `cxvari da siRaribe~ amonarids iS-
veliebs, romelsac erTi Cveulebrivi, rigiTi mecxva-
ris-yvelaze didi gulSematkivarisa am saqmeSi-pozicias
iqve gviyalibebs, riTac publikaciis avtori Tavidanve
cdilobs Ria WrilobasaviT aCvenos am mimarTulebiT
arsebuli problematika da amasTan, erTgvari simpaTii-
Tac ganawyos sazogadoebis didi nawili. cxadia, aRniS-
nuli problema, romelic erTbaSad ar warmoCenila da
mis `gamravalferovnebaSi~ erTob mravali mizezebi mo-
nawileobdnen, xelisuflebis misamarTiT gamJRavnebu-
li sayveduria. es ki, cxadia, aCvenebs erTi mxvriv ukma-
yofilo sazogadoebis konkretuli nawilis pozicias da
meore mxvriv, romelime partiisa Tu Zalebis damokide-
bulebas, romlebic cdiloben sazogadoebis garkveuli
nawilisagan ndobis mandatis mopovebas. magram am Sem-
TxvevaSi amas rodi aqvs gadamwyveti mniSvneloba. Cven
amiT vaCvenebT problemuri statiis saerTo xasiaTs, mis-
wrafebas, gnebavT tendencias, raTa CavwvdeT amgvar pub-
likaciaTa ZiriTad arss: maqsimalurad warmoCndes da xa-
zi gaesvas dargSi arsebul problematikas, naTeli gax-
des misi gamomwvevi mizezebi da gamoiZebnos SesaZlo ga-
daWris gzebi. gamosavlis Ziebisaken gadadgmuli nabije-
bi ki swored sazogadoebis, qveynis, xalxis saerTo inte-
resebisa da satkivaris gamosworebas unda isaxavdes miz-
nad, rom problema iseTi tkivili Tu satkivaria, romel-
sac wayrueba, gadadeba, uyuradReboba ki ar sWirdeba,
aramed drouli mkurnaloba, qmediTi RonisZiebebis ga-
tareba, raTa problema seriozul satkivarsa da samomav-
lod gamousworebel problemad Tu dilemad ar iqces.
`miuxedavad gasaWirisa, Cvenma mwyemsebma SeZles
sulis aqamde motanac da ara marto — Cvens qveyanaSi
cxvris importi wamyvani dargia. `sulis motana~ tyui-

320
lad ar mixsenebia — xevSic ki, romelic tradiciulad
mecxvareobis mxarea, mecxvaris xsenebaze gagulisebuli
gipasuxeben, — eh, Coni cxvris saqme kargad ver ario!
gergeTSi mecxvare aleqsi sujaSvils vkiTxe, — interne-
tidan vici, rom Cvens qveyanaSi dRes marto cxvari iyi-
deba xeirianad da mainc ratom wuwunebT, cxvris saqme
kargad ver ario! Zia aleqsi joxs miwas abjens da cols
eZaxis, — aba, aq modi, dedakacoo, da meubneba, — ai, xo
uyureb, es qali rom moviyvane, ori jamic ara mqonda,
magram mere mwyemsobiT sasaxle aviSene, imas aqeT kidev
oTxi Svili davzarde, axla mag importia Tu rac aris,
mwyemsebi marto WamasRa axerxeben, marto WamisTvin ki-
dev Cemma mterma icxovros!
raRa unda vTqva, kaci camde marTalia! mere isev
Tavadve `mirigdeba~, — gonji droa, Svilo, da ai, raTa,
mTavrobisgan xalxis yuradReba aRar aris. Sromis saqme
kidev egrea, Tu mTavroba gadaudga xalxsa, bevri saqme
ar gamova da Tu xalxma ver iSroma, fuli saidanRa miu-
va mTavrobasa?! ai, egeTi jaWvia Cveni cxovreba. Cven
mTavrobas cxvrisken mixedvac ar undoda da vgoneb, ex-
lac egre iqneba. egeni cxvrisaken ras gaixedavdnen, ro-
ca RvTisagan xelSenavleb adgilas vcxovrob da marto
imitom gamoixedes, ro myinvarebidan Camonalew wyalze
`soCikebi~ daedgaT. anac Cveni sofeli, gergeTi. aq xo
aTasobiT turisti midi-modis. am turistebis amodena
fuli kidev magaT jibeSi midis da erTi gza ar aRirses
sofelsa. magnairebs rogorRa unda mosTxovo, ginda Tu
ara, cxvars mixedeo. ar unda da mokali! amasobaSi Cveni
cxvriT TaTrebi mdidrdebian~.
publikaciis Semdgom nawilSi avtori aCvenebs im mi-
zezebis CamonaTvals, romelTac ara mxolod qarTuli

321
cxvari, zogadad qarTuli sofelic umZimes gaWirvebaSi
Caagdo. werilis avtori, meti damajereblobisa da efeq-
turobisaTvis, missave respondents eyrdnoba da pirvel
pirs alaparakebs, romelic mizezebisa da problemebis
mTel jaWvs warmoaCens xolme. rom ityvian, aseT dros,
komentari zedmetia. faqti missave gamomwvev mizezebTan
erTad ise saubrobs sakuTar Tavze, rom arsebuli viTa-
reba ara Tu realobad, pirad problemadac ki warmoesa-
xeba rigiT mkiTxvels. swored aseTi damajerebeli unda
iyos analizze dafuZnebuli teqstebis buneba da xasia-
Ti, da gansakuTrebiT ki statiisa, romelic Tavisi Sina-
gani, bunebiTi specifikiT yvelaze farTo, masStaburi
da yovlismomcvelia: dawyebuli faqtis gamomwvevi
wvrilmani detalebiT damTavrebuli samomavlo SesaZ-
lo ganviTarebis prognoziT.
`... Cveni cxvari xo uwin yizlaris saZovrebze dadi-
oda — seqtemberSi milionobiT cxvars gavirekavdiT. ise
iyo mwyemsisTvis da cxvrisTvis mowyobili yvelaferi,
babaneba yinva rom yofiliyo da cxvari sabalaxod ver
gagveyvana, SimSiliT ar dagviwydeboda — Tiva binaze
Tavze sayrelad gvxvdeboda. Cveni mecxvaris saqme maSin
wavida ukan, roca yizlaris saZovrebi davkargeT da mi-
lionobiT cxvari mSieri dagvrCa.
sanacvlod Cvens mTavrobas viTom ialRujis saZov-
rebi unda moeca, magram am miwebze iseTi gaugonari am-
bavi daatriales, kaci mtersac ro ar uzams — preziden-
tma gamsaxurdiam rac moaswro da Cven mwyemsebs miwis
patara nawili misca, sul eg iyo, danarCeni marneule-
lebs sul misxal-misxal miyida mamalaZem. ase gamogvis-
ves yelSi dana qarTvel mecxvareebs da qveyanasac, —
Cveni cxvris Semosavali xom qveyanas xmardeba, aba, mec-
xvareebi fuls Tergs xom ar vatanT! es kidev ra aris: im

322
TiTo-orola kacs, visac es saZovrebi misces, dResac
ver daumtkicebia, dadian da verafers gaxdnen — ar va-
keTebT am saZovrebis privatizacias da mogveSviTo. ami-
tomac veWvobT, rom am saZovrebis gayidvac undaT~.
publikaciis am nawilSi avtori isev pirvelwyaros
alaparakebs da raoden gulisdamwyvetia is tkivili, ro-
melsac es pirovneba warmogvidgens. statiis am nawilSi
rCeba STabeWdileba, TiTqos avtori siRrmiseuli in-
terviusaken ixreba, magram ara, es yvelaferi pirvelwya-
rodan imitomac modis, rom meti efeqti da damajereb-
loba SesZinos aRniSnuls. aq saubaria im umTavres mize-
zebze, romelTac dargi dRevandel mdgomareobamde mi-
iyvana. amis mizezad ki dasaxelebulia yizlaris zamTris
saZovrebis dakargva da Semdgom amisa ki im danapirebze,
romelic mTavrobam Tallujis saZovrebTan dakavSire-
biT gaiTamaSa. esec ar akmara mecxvareebs da saZovrebis
misxal-misxal gasxviseba daiwyo xelisuflebam. `sanac-
vlod ki yazbegSi, sadac adre milioni suli cxvari iyo,
amJamad mxolod xuTiode mecxvare SemorCa mxolod da
imaTac aRara aqvT imedi, rom xvale an zege maTac aravin
ar uTxras `Tqveni cxvrianad aqedan moSordiTo~.
nabij-nabij naCvenebi mizezebi, romlebic Sesabamis
mtkivneul Sedegebs Ria WrilobasaviT toveben xolme
cxvrisa Tu mecxvaris gatanjul sxeulze, aCvenebs pir-
vel rigSi im mZime realobas, romlis gamousworeblobis
SemTxvevaSi savsebiT SesaZlebelia dargis sabolood
mospoba da ganadgureba.
`adre milioni suli cxvari iyo yazbegSi, axla mar-
to xuTi mwyemsiRa gvyavs im ialRujze da arc erTs ar
aqvs imedi, rom xval aravin etyvis, — Tqveni cxvrianad
aqedan moSordiTo. arada, Cvens mwyemsebs sul quds un-
da uxdides qveyana, imisTana bnelSi da jojoxeTSi ga-

323
moatares da gadaarCines qarTuli cxvari. mosisxle
mters gaupobda guls `mxedrionis~ yaCaRobiT aoxrebu-
li mwyemsis cremli. Tanac SemTxveviT danaxuli — mwyem-
sebi sxvis dasanaxad ar tirian~.
`...sam pres TivaSi TaTrebs erT cxvars vaZlevdiT,
rom cxvari SegvenarCunebina. Cven saZovrebze erTi xe
ar gvidgas, erTi wveTi wyali ar aris da erTxel ar mo-
uvida mTavrobas azrad, es cxvari amden Semosavals rom
aZlevs qveyanas, saZovarze wyali mainc aviyvanoTo. sat-
virTo manqanebiT agvaqvs tonobiT, — aba, pirutyvi uw-
ylod ranairad gaCerdeba! Tanac, zemodanac rom dag-
vcqerian! roca cxvari maisSi saZovarze migvyavs, avWala
unda gaviaroT. gamogvidgeba patruli — cxvari aqauro-
bas male moaSoreTo! Se dalocvilo, gadamTielebis
trailerebi Tavze gvasxdebian da imaT arafers eubnebi,
marto Cemi cxvari giSlis xels? im traileris Semosava-
li Tu giCans TvalSi, ratom cxvris Semosavali aRar?
Tu imasac cxvris suni udis? da Tu ase giSlis trasaze
xels, adeqi da am Sens marCenals calke gaukeTe biliki,
rom saZovarze avides. Tu ara da, cxvars frTebs xom ar
gamovabam, ro gafrindes?!.~
`... Camodian azerbaijanelebi, yiduloben cxvars
da azerbaijanSi gadahyavT wiTeli xididan, iqidan ki,
muslimanur qveynebSi — TurqmeneTSi, arabeTSi, iranSi,
TurqeTSi. gzad sabaJoebze Cveni cxvari somxebsac ake-
Tebinebs fuls. Cven ki aq cxvars 150 larad vyidiT. Ta-
nac saukeTeso sajiSes — qarTuli cxvrisTana qaTqaTa
matyli da gemo aravis cxvars ar aqvs. TaTrebma qarTu-
li cxvari moamravles da axla maT farebs Cveni fare-
bisgan ver gamoarCev. matylsac egeni yiduloben — ki-
los 1 larad. anu Calis fasad. es im dros, roca miwis

324
gadasaxadi 3-dan 16 laramde gagvizardes da pirutyvis
acrac Cven kiserzea. ai, asea, ZaRlis dReSi varT. Tumca
mainc unda vTqva: mwyemsi ramdensac gaZlebs, imdens
qvac ver SeiZlebs... egeb ukeTesobisaken mabrundes
dro! — bolos mainc damamSvida aleqsi Ziam.
imedi gadamdebia, mec es imedi erTi xelis dakvriT
avkrife da mjera, dro aucileblad ukeTesobisken mob-
rundeba...~
statiis avtori mizans aRwevs. man konkretuli faq-
tebis moSveliebiT im mizezebis warmoCena da gamoaSka-
raveba SeZlo, ramac mTeli rigi problemebi gamoiwvia.
am mizezTa erToblioba ki erTi mxvriv aiZulebs Sesaba-
mis samsaxurebs qmediTi da efeqturi nabijebis gadad-
gmisaken da meore, sazogadoebis, xalxis didi nawili,
rogorc gulSematkivari, ise ganewyo problemisadmi.
Seqmnili sazogadoebrivi azri ki zemoqmedebis im Zlier
berketad gardaiqmneba, romelic aiZulebs xelisufals
drouli reagirebisaken.

literatura:

1. `kviris palitra~ — 23-09-2013

2. `kviris palitra~ — 26-08-2013
3. www.nplg.gov.ge
4. socialur da politikur terminTa leqsikoni-cnoba-
ri / [sared.: jgufi: eduard kodua da sxv. ; gamomc.:
laSa beraia] — Tb. : logos presi, 2004 — 351 gv.
5. T.malaRuraZe,Tanamedrove maskomunikaciuri Teorie-
bi da koncefciebi~, Tb.2013, gv.75
6. qarTuli sabWoTa enciklopedia, t. 2, gv. 690, Tb., 1977
7. T.jagodniSvili, Jurnali `ganaTleba~ 2013. №3.

325
 8. r.surgulaZe, e. iberi, masobrivi komunikacia, Tb.2003,
gv.154
9. m.gersamia, elementaruli nawilakebi JurnalistikaSi,
Tb.2011,gv.12
10. sulxan-saba, sibrZne sicruisa, sabas wignebi, 2012
11. s.sigua, kulturologiis safuZvlebi, II, Tb. 2012,
gv.103
12. www.nplg.gov.ge
13. gaz. `kviris palitra~-07-03-2011
14. m.menCeri, axali ambebis gaSuqeba da wera, 2013,Tb
gv.241
15. T. malaRuraZe, Tanamedrove maskomunikaciuri Teo-
riebi da koncefciebi, Tb.2013, gv.250
16. gaz. `kviris palitra~-05-05-2014
17. gazeT `kviris palitra~-Si — 21-10-2013
18. gazeT `kviris palitraSi~ 25-02-2013
19. `kviris palitra~-26-08-2013
20. gaz. `baTumis universiteti~-2014 weli, maisi, №5
21. gazeT `kviris palitraSi~ — 23-09-2013

326
 XI

recenzia

recenzia erTgvari kritikaa, swori gansja-Sefasebaa

da analizi ama Tu im xasiaTisa Tu Sinaarsis mqone litera-
turuli teqstebisa, samecniero naSromebisa, Teatralu-
ri warmodgenebisa, kinoxelovnebis dargebisa, musikalur
nawarmoebTa Tu sxva saxis kulturul-saganmanaTleblo
sferoSi mopovebuli siaxleebisa. sityva recenzia laTi-
nuria. sxvadasxva leqsikonebi mas Semdegnairad ganmar-
tavs: `recenzia -recensio— ganxilva, gamokvleva; literatu-
ruli, mecnieruli naSromis, speqtaklis, kinosuraTisa da
sxv. garCeva, kritikuli Sefaseba. `ucxo sityvaTa leqsi-
koni”, m. WabaSvili,– Tb. ganaTleba, 1989. `recenzia—
рецензия -sagazeTo an saJurnalo werili, romelic Seicavs
ama Tu im mxatvruli an mecnieruli Txzulebis, gamogone-
bis, Teatraluri warmodgenis, kinofilmis da xelovnebis
sxva nawarmoebis ganxilva — Sefasebas, misi Rirseba — nak-
lovanebebis aRnusxvas. `sabiblioTeko terminebis leqsi-
koni~, g. giorgiZe, g. kartozia, Tb. mecniereba, 1974. `re-
cenzia — recensio— gamokvleva, daTvaliereba; raimes Sesaxeb
(nawarmoebis, statiis da sxv.) werilobiTi kritikuli ga-
moxmaureba. `moxelis samagido leqsikoni~, s. uridia, v.
gurgeniZe, Tb. 2004.
recenziebi pirvel rigSi gazeTisa da Jurnalis fur-
clebze ibeWdeba da erTgvarad statias hgavs. statia kon-
kretuli cxovrebiseuli faqtebiTa da maTi analiziT in-
teresdeba, recenziis asaxvis sagani ki ukve asaxulis, ro-
gorc faqtis, xelmeored danaxvaa. is, Tu rogor aris
mxatvrul, mecnierul, musikalur an kinoxelovnebiT na-
warmoebebSi faqti danaxuli an axsnili avtoris — mwer-

327
lis, mecnieris, Semoqmedis, kinoxelovanis mier. recenziis
safuZvelic, sxva Jurnalistur-publicisturi Janrebis
msgavsad, faqtia, magram aris sxvaoba faqtebs Soris, rome-
lic, rogorc vTqviT, Tavisi xasiaTiT gansxvavebuli da
Taviseburia. magaliTad, rodesac vambobT, rom informa-
ciuli Janris asaxvis obieqti sazogadoebrivad mniSvne-
lovani faqti, movlena an procesia, recenziis ganxilva-
asaxvis obieqtic faqtia. mag. axali wigni, mecnieruli naS-
romi, speqtakli, filmi... yovelive es Taviseburi faqtia,
magram ukve asaxuli, nanaxi, gancdili, romelSic specifi-
kurad gadmoicema xolme esa Tu is faqti. recenzia am Sem-
TxvevaSi xazs usvams da xsnis, aCvenebs yvelaze mniSvnelo-
vans, axals, sainteresos da uxsnis auditorias siaxleebis
Sesaxeb, amasTan saubrobs im naklovanebebzec, romelic
konkretul SemTxvevaSi ama Tu im faqtTan mimarTebaSi ar-
sebobs. amitomac recenziaSi uxvad aris msjeloba, anali-
zi, mtkiceba, Sefaseba, rasac Sesabamisi daskvnebi mosdevs
recenzentis mxridan. sityva `recenziis~ mniSvnelobidan
naTeli xdeba am Janris daniSnulebac. recenzia mowodebu-
lia farTo sazogadoebas ganumartos avtoris ama Tu im
nawarmoebTa ideur-Sinaarsobrivi Canafiqri, gauadvilos
maTi swori gageba; Tu naSromi mecnierulia, mkiTxvels da-
anaxos misi mecnieruli Rirebuleba, is axali, rac avtors
moupovebia da mkiTxvels uCvenos, ramdenad Seesabameba es
monapovari mecnierebis ganviTarebis dRevandel dones.
Tu recenziaSi ganxilulia mxatvruli literaturis an
xelovnebis romelime dargis nawarmoebi, recenzia mkiT-
xvels unda daexmaros ara marto avtoris ideuri Canafiq-
risa da Sinaarsis swor gagebaSi, aramed im xerxebisa da sa-
Sualebebis aRqma-gagebaSic, romelic avtors moumarjve-
bia Canafiqris xorcSesasxmelad. recenzentma pasuxi unda
gasces ramdenad pasuxobs Tanamedrove moTxovnebs, ram-
denad Seesabameba realur viTarebas konkretul dargSi

328
gamoqveynebuli ama Tu im xasiaTis literaturuli, mecni-
eruli, Teatraluri Tu kinoxelovnebis nimuSi. `kargi re-
cenziebi adamianebs gamoumuSaveben swor mxatvrul gemov-
nebas, amdidreben maT sulier cxovrebas~(4-1). amitomac
recenzia gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania da xels uwyobs
sazogadoebis esTetikuri gemovnebis daxvewas, amaRlebas
da a.S., radgan masSi gamokveTilad unda Candes is monapo-
vari, romelic mecnierul, literaturul, Tu xelovnebis
sxvadasxva dargSi miuRwevia avtors, aseve saubari unda
iyos naklovanebebzec, Tuki arsebobs, romlis gamoswore-
bac namdvilad daexmareba rogorc avtors, aseve mTlia-
nad sazogadoebas WeSmaritebis garkvevaSi, miukerZoebeli
da samarTliani sazogadoebrivi azris damkvidrebaSi.
`cxadia, didi mniSvneloba eniWeba recenziis kompozicias,
stils, literaturul gaformebas. aq ar SeiZleba raime
dogmebis, standartebis dakanoneba~ (5-1). Tematikis mixed-
viT recenziis sxvadasxva saxeebs gamoyofen, rasac, Cveni
azriT, safuZvlad unda daedos aseve ganxilvis obieqtis
Taviseburebac. struqturul-kompoziciuri Tu stiluri
TvalsazrisiT ki recenzia erTi Janria da am mxriv masSi
did sxvaobas ver SevamCnevT. recenziis saxeebad dayofas
ganapirobebs asaxvis obieqtis Taviseburebac. ganvixi-
lavT zogierTi saxis recenzias.

literatura:

1. ucxo sityvaTa leqsikoni, m. WabaSvili,– Tb. ganaTleba,

1989
2. sabiblioTeko terminebis leqsikoni, g. giorgiZe, g. kar-
tozia, Tb. mecniereba, 1974
3. moxelis samagido leqsikoni, s. uridia, v. gurgeniZe, Tb. 2004.
4. Jurnalistikis cnobari, Tb.1975, gv.344
5. T.malaRuraZe, Tanamedrove publicisturi Janrebis Ta-
viseburebani, Tb.2009, gv.98

329
 samecniero recenzia

samecniero xasiaTis recenziaSi, pirvel rigSi,

gansaxilveli wignis mecnieruli Rirebuleba fasdeba.
recenzenti cdilobs mkiTxvels naTlad daanaxos is
axali, rac wignis avtors warmoudgenia, Sesabamisad
recenzenti erTgvarad gansazRvravs am wignis adgils
mecnierebaSi. recenzenti pasuxs scems kiTxvas, ra Sema-
ta avtorma Tavisi naSromiT mecnierebas, rogoria
kvleviT miRebuli Sedegebi, ramdenad Seefereba igi
Tanamedrove dones. samecniero xasiaTis recenziaSi
gamoricxuli araa naSromis calkeul xarvezTa miTiTe-
bac, maTi gasworebis gzis Cveneba-warmodgeniT, sxva
naSromebTan Sedarebis, maTTan saerTosa da gansxvave-
bulis dadgenis gziT. naSromis Rirsebebisa Tu naklo-
vanebaTa Sesaxeb msjeloba unda iyos saTanadod dasa-
buTebuli, argumentirebuli, rac recenzias damajere-
bels gaxdis. zerele da aradamajerebeli gancxadebe-
biT mkiTxvels verafers mivcemT. naSromis calkeuli
detalebis ganxilvis Semdeg gamotanili daskvnebi lo-
gikurad unda gamomdinareobdes wina msjelobidan. au-
cilebelia gansaxilveli naSromis calkeuli momente-
bis Sefaseba-gansjas mohyves naSromis saerTo Sefaseba
da dadgindes misi adgili mecnierebis konkretul dar-
gSi. amdenad samecniero xasiaTis recenzias konkretu-
li dargis mecnieri, specialisti unda werdes. sakiT-
xis Rrma codnis gareSe warmoudgenelia kacma sxvisi
naSromi Seafasos. isic unda iTqvas, rom yvelas rodi
emarjveba recenziis wera. amitom mediawarmomadgen-
lebma, Jurnalistebma saTanado saqmianoba unda awar-
moon dargis specialistebis am sferoSi CasarTavad.
recenziis daniSnuleba sakmaod rTulia. masSi sau-
baria rogorc dadebiT, aseve uaryofiT mxarezec. ami-

330
tom kritikuli SeniSvnebis gamoTqmisas dasafiqrebe-
lia saTqmelis toni, stili, romelic mxolod xarvezi-
sa Tu Secdomis gamosworebisaken aris mimarTuli da
aranair angarebasa da pirad Seuracxyofas adgili ar
aqvs. samecniero xasiaTis recenziebi xeli unda uwyob-
dnen sazogadoebaSi inteleqtualuri azrovnebis
srulyofasa da mecnieruli kvleva-Ziebis ganviTare-
bas. amitomac recenzia yovelTvis obieqturi, miuker-
Zoebeli, principuli, samarTliani da saqmis siyvaru-
liT nakarnaxevi unda iyos, radganac mecnierebis ganvi-
Tareba saxelmwifoebrivi, amasTan erovnuli saqmea da
mis Rirseba-naklovanebebze saubari did pasuxismgeb-
lobasa da kompetenciebs moiTxovs. yuradsaRebia sare-
cenzio naSromisa Tu wignis SerCevis sakiTxi. unda ga-
moiricxos yovelgvari subieqtivizmi, megobroba-nac-
nobobis praqtika. samwuxarod, es principi zogjer ma-
inc irRveva. sarecenziod unda SeirCes iseTi naSromi,
romelsac namdvilad aqvs mecnieruli Rirebuleba da
sainteresoa rogorc mecnier-mkvlevarTa, aramed sa-
zogadoebisTvisac. miukerZoebeli, obieqturi midgo-
mis safuZvelze dawerili recenziebi xels Seuwyobs
jansaRi sazogadoebrivi azrisa da Sexedulebebis dam-
kvidrebas cxovrebaSi.
`saintereso wigni~, am saTauriT daibeWda gazeTSi
`baTumis universiteti~, 2014-aprili, №4, samecniero
xasiaTis recenzia, profesor givi abaSiZis wignze
`prokurori gamoZiebis stadiaze~. recenzentebi: da-
viT kariauli — saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetis
biznes-inJineringis fakultetis sruli profesori da
mixeil mamniaSvili — soxumis saxelmwifo universite —
tis iuridiuli fakultetis sruli profesori.
recenziis SesavalSi recenzentebi saubroben
axalgamocemuli wignis mecnierul Rirebulebaze da

331
dasZenen, rom `avtorma kidev erTi saintereso da karg
mecnierul doneze damuSavebuli wigni Semata rogorc
sisxlis saproceso samarTlis aqtualur sakiTxebze
mis mier adre gamocemul sxva wignebs da aTeulobiT sa-
mecniero naSromebs, aseve saerTod iuridiul samecni-
ero literaturas~. recenziis avtorebi xazgasmiT aR-
niSnaven naSromis Rirebulebas iseT mniSvnelovan
problematikasTan mimarTebaSi, rodesac sakiTxi exeba
sisxlis saproceso samarTlis Teoriis mniSvnelovan
problemebs, romlebic gansakuTrebiT aqtualuria Ta-
namedrove pirobebSi, ramac gamoiwvia am sakiTxebisad-
mi avtoris samecniero daintereseba. naSromSi aseve ga-
moyofen im mniSvnelovan detalebs, sadac avtoris mier
saTanado literaturis gamoyenebiT, rac sakmaod ux-
vad da mravalferovnad aris warmodgenili, detalu-
rad aris ganxiluli da mecnierul doneze damuSavebu-
li gamoZiebis, rogorc sisxlis samarTalwarmoebis
erT-erTi ZiriTadi stadiis arsi da mniSvneloba; `pro-
kuroris saqmianoba, saproceso mdgomareoba da fun-
qciebi gamoZiebis stadiaze; sisxlissamarTlebrivi
devnis cneba, misi Teoriuli da praqtikuli mniSvnelo-
ba sisxlis samarTlis procesSi; sisxlissamarTlebrivi
devnis samarTlebrivi institutis konceptualuri sa-
fuZvlebi, diskreciuli devnis principebi; prokuro-
ris mier sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis funqciis gan-
xorcieleba gamoZiebis stadiaze; prokuroris, ro-
gorc gamoZiebis saproceso xelmZRvanelis amocanebi
da funqciebi, gamoZiebis saproceso xelmZRvanelobis
ganxorcielebis formebi da meTodebi; misi roli sis-
xlissamarTlebrivi devnisa da gamoZiebis saproceso
xelmZRvanelobis ganxorcielebis saqmeSi, ramdenadac
sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis ganxorcielebis uzrun-
velyofis mizniT, prokurori gamoZiebis stadiaze

332
uSualod axorcielebs gamoZiebis saproceso xel-
mZRvanelobis funqcias~.
recenzentebis azriT `sisxlissamarTlebrivi dev-
na da gamoZiebaze prokuroris saproceso xelmZRvane-
loba sakmaod aqtualuri da saproblemo sakiTxia sis-
xlis samarTlis procesSi. miT umetes axla, roca 2010
wlis pirvel oqtombers ZalaSi Sevida saqarTvelos
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi. am axalma nor-
matiulma aqtma bevri sakanonmdeblo novacia Semoita-
na da maT Soris, erT-erT siaxles warmoadgens diskre-
ciis principis dakanoneba Tanamedrove qarTul sis-
xlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobaSi. amave ko-
deqsiT, sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis principebi axle-
buradaa mowesrigebuli, misi dawyeba da ganxorcieleba
mxolod prokuroris diskreciuli uflebamosilebaa.
dargis specialistebi da eqspertebi, romlebic xsene-
buli wignis recenzentebad gvevlinebian, dasZenen, rom
`avtors swored am kuTxiT aqvs ganxiluli da gaanali-
zebuli sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis sakiTxebi da misi
uzrunvelyofis mizniT gansazRvrulia is ZiriTadi mi-
marTulebebi, romlis mixedviT prokuraturis orga-
noebma sisxlis samarTlis politikis Sesabamisad unda
Seasrulos saxelmwifoebrivi funqcia maRali xarisxis
sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis ganxorcielebisaTvis.
aRniSnulze avtors Seswavlili aqvs qarTuli da ucxo-
uri iuridiuli literatura, vrceli Teoriuli masa-
la, samecniero Sromebi, mecnier-iuristebis mxridan
gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi, gadmocemuli aqvs sakuTari
Sexedulebebi. wignSi ganxilulia iseTi sakiTxebic,
rac iuridiul literaturaSi, mecnier — iuristebs So-
ris sakmaod sakamaToa da azrTa sxvadasxvaobas iw-
vevs.~-aRniSnuli winadadebebi kidev erTxel cxadyofs
im WeSmaritebas, rom recenziebi saqmis mcodne specia-

333
listebisa da dargis eqspertebis saTanado naazrevTa
gaTvaliswinebiT unda ibeWdebodes. radganac Sesabami-
si leqsikuri maragi, rac konkretuli mimarTulebiT
gamoiyeneba, mniSvnelovania azris sicxadisa da kompe-
tenturobis, Tundac sandoobis TvalsazrisiT. Tvali
gavadevnoT recenziis Semdgom nawils da kidev erTxel
davrwmundebiT Cveni azris sisworeSi: `naSromSi av-
tors iuridiul literaturaSi sisxlis samarTlis
specialistebis mier sakvlev sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT
gamoTqmul sadao sakiTxebis garSemo Camoyalibebuli
aqvs sakuTari mosazrebebi, saTanado mecnieruli dasa-
buTebis da prokuraturisa da sasamarTlo organoebSi
TiTqmis ocdaaTi wlis ganmavlobaSi muSaobis praqti-
kuli gamocdilebis safuZvelze gadmocemuli aqvs
daskvnebi am sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT. imis miuxeda-
vad, rom gamoZiebis stadiaze prokuroris saqmianoba
samecniero kvlevisaTvis aris rTuli, Rrma mecnieru-
li, mainc gasageb enaze ikiTxeba. bevr Teoriul sakiT-
xebze gadmocemulia avtoriseuli midgoma. avtoris mi-
er, prokuroris mxridan sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis
da gamoZiebis saproceso xelmZRvanelobis sakiTxebi
SedarebiTi analizis safuZvelze ganxilulia sazRvar-
gareTis qveynebis sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanon-
mdeblobis magaliTze.~
aRniSnuli recenzia, romelic dasaxelebul naS-
roms qarTuli iuridiuli mecnierebis mniSvnelovan
SenaZenad miiCnevs, dainteresebul adamianebs, bakalav-
rebs, magistrantebsa da doqtorantebs, samecniero da
samarTaldamcav sferoSi momuSave pirebs, praqtikos
muSakebs da ara marto maT, mouwodebs, SeiZinon wigni
da axlodan gaecnon wignSi warmodgenil sakiTxebs, ro-
melic xels Seuwyobs kanonSemoqmedebiTi saqmianobis
amaRlebasa da zogadad kanonis uzenaesobisa da samar-

334
Tlianobis damkvidrebas cxovrebaSi.
aseve saintereso recenzias aqveynebs gazeTi `ba-
Tumis universiteti~, 2014-marti, №3, saTauriT: re-
cenzia wignze `baTumi(istoria da Tanamedroveoba)~,
romlis avtoria istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori,
profesori s. dumbaZe, avtori mkiTxvel sazogadoebas
acnobs da esaubreba gamomcemloba `iverionis~ mier
2013 wels gamocemul baTumel istorikosTa koleqtiu-
ri naSromis `baTumi (istoria da Tanamedroveoba)~, Se-
saxeb romelic mieZRvna aWaris dedasamSoblosTan dab-
runebis 135-e wlisTavs (1878-2013 w).(wignis avtorebi
arian profesorebi: revaz uzunaZe, ramaz surmaniZe da
nugzar zosiZe.) recenzenti saubrobs avtorTa damsa-
xurebaze im kuTxiT, rom maT SeZles da moaxerxes baTu-
mis 25-saukunovani istoria da Tanamedroveoba monog-
rafiulad warmoadgines: `mkiTxvelisaTvis maTi gacno-
ba zedmetad mimaCnia, radgan isini sazogadoebisaTvis
cnobili pirovnebebi arian TavianTi Sromismoyvareo-
biT, moqalaqeobrivi, eTikuri, zneobrivi, adamianuri
Tu erovnul-patriotuli TvisebebiT, nayofieri sas-
wavlo-pedagogiuri, samecniero-kvleviTi moRvaweobis
gamocdilebiT, sazogadoebrivi saqmianobiT, obieqtu-
robiT, mecnieruli naSromebiT da sxva RirsebebiT.
warmodgenili erToblivi naSromi maT SemoqmedebaSi
erT-erTi, albaT yvelaze gamorCeuli wigni mgonia, ra-
me Tu baTumze dawerili wigni, romelSic misi 25 sauku-
niani istoria da Tanamedrovoeba erTad, monografiu-
lad warmodgenili iyos, ar meguleba.~ recenzenti ro-
desac `naSromis maRalkvalificiurobaze, akademiuro-
basa da mecnierul Rirebulebebze miuTiTebs, dastu-
rad moyavs wignis redaqtoris (batoni amiran kaxiZe —
sayovelTaod aRiarebuli arqeologi, aWaris arqeo-
logiuri muzeumis damfuZnebeli da ucvleli direq-

335
tori, istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori) da
recenzentebis (analogiuri mecnieruli titulebiT —
batonebi: Tamaz beraZe, irakli baramiZe, oTar gogo-
liSvili) samecniero cenzebic,~ romelTa moSveliebiT
is kidev ufro maRla swevs wignis mecnierul da sazo-
gadoebriv mniSvnelobasa da Rirebulebas.
umjobesia gavyveT recenzentis Sexedulebebsa Tu
STabeWdilebebs, rac mas wignis gacnobis Semdeg gasCe-
nia da davrwmundeT, Tavad ramdenad samarTlianad,
obieqturad da miukerZoeblad aanalizebs xsenebul
istoriuli xasiaTis gamocemas: `warmodgenili naSro-
mis daweris ZiriTadi mizani Tu mTavari motivacia naT-
lad Cans epigrafad wamZRvarebul eris moZRvaris, di-
di ilias brZnul sityvebSi: `aRdgena istoriisa eris
gamofxizlebaa, awmyos gageba da warmarTvaa, mermisis
gamokvlevaa siZnelisagan~.
wigni imdenad sainteresoa, rom gasuli wlis 4 de-
kembers baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo univer-
sitetis samecniero biblioTekis did darbazSi isto-
riis, arqeologiisa da eTnologiis departamentma
(xelmZRvaneli e.makaraZe) da samecniero biblioTekis
administraciam (direqtori n.TurmaniZe) moawyves naS-
romis sajaro wardgena mkiTxvelTa winaSe. wigniT dain-
teresebaze migvaniSnebda agreTve xalxmravali darba-
zi, sadac universitetis studentebTan, profesor-mas-
wavleblebTan erTad, Seikribnen qalaqis inteligenci-
is warmomadgenlebi da aWaris xelisuflebis maRalCi-
nosnebi, romlebic miesalmnen RonisZiebis monawileebs
da maRali Sefaseba misces baTumis istoriaze pirveli
monografiuli naSromis gamocemas da mis avtorebs,
aseve mkiTxvelis winaSe wignis sajaro wardgenas. am
RonisZiebaze, sxvebTan erTad, mec mimiwvies, risTvisac
madlobas movaxseneb avtorebsa da RonisZiebis organi-

336
zatorebs. gamovTqvi Cemi azri wignTan dakavSirebiT.
amjerad ki minda gagiziaroT Cemi STabeWdilebebi. ra
SeiZleba iTqvas wignis saTaurze? — gonivrulad nafiq-
ri da mecnierulad gaazrebulia saTauri wignisa `ba-
Tumi (istoria da Tanamedroveoba),~ rac adekvaturia
avtorTa koleqtivis mier Sesrulebuli, Tu gaweuli
Sromisa. es ki ufro dakonkretebulia naSronis bolo-
Si darTul sarCevSi, saidanac vgebulobT, rom naSro-
mis istoriuli nawili (gv. 5-96) ekuTvnis profesor re-
vaz uzunaZes, romlis kvlevis sferoa baTumis istoria
(am problematikas mieZRvna misi 10-ze meti naSromi,
statia.) xolo baTumis Tanamedroveobaze sxvadasxva
saintereso masalebi warmoadgines profesorebma: ra-
maz surmaniZem da nugzar zosiZem. naSromi Sedgeba Se-
savlisa da 12 ZiriTadi nawilisagan. wignis Sesavali ase
iwyeba, `baTumi im iSviaT qalaqTa rigs ekuTvnis, ro-
melsac uwyveti saqalaqo cxovrebis 2500 wlovani is-
toria aqvs da dResac erT-erTi warmatebuli qalaqia~.
aqve ganmartebulia naSromis daweris mizani da struq-
tura. naTqvamia, rom baTumis saqalaqo dasaxlebis ga-
naSenianeba-ganviTarebis istoria or periodad iyofa:
pirveli periodi iwyeba daaxloebiT Zv.w.aR. V saukuni-
dan da grZeldeba XVIII saukunemde da moicavda baTumis
Tavdapirvel saqalaqo dasaxlebas md. yoroliswylis
SesarTavs da mimdebare vrcel teritorias. xolo meo-
re periodi qronologiurad XVIII-XIX saukuneebis mij-
naze iwyeba da grZeldeba dRemde. am periods ukavSir-
deba Zveli baTumidan saqalaqo dasaxlebis gadanac-
vleba-gafarToeba dRevandeli baTumis yures garSemo
mdebare teritoriaze. SesavalSi aRniSnulia aseve, rom
bolo dromde mimdinareobda mxolod baTumis warsu-
lis calkeuli monakveTebis Seswavla. igi moicavs Ziri-
Tadad antikur xanas (a.kaxiZe, d.xaxutaiSvili, a.inaiS-

337
vili, n.vaSakiZe, S.mamulaZe) da gansakuTrebiT me-19 sa-
ukunis 70-iani wlebis Semdgom periods (vl.siWinava,
j.CxeiZe, v.jaoSvili, ab surgulaZe, m.sioriZe, al.ben-
dianiSvili, o.gogoliSvili, r.uzunaZe). xolo feoda-
luri xanisa da osmalTa batonobis periodi dRemde
TiTqmis burusiT iyo moculi, Tu ar miviRebT mxedve-
lobaSi i.sixaruliZis, r.uzunaZis i.uruSaZis am wignis
bibliografiaSi dasaxelebul naSromebs. masaSasadame,
baTumis ori aTas xuTas wliani warsuli da Tanamedro-
veoba mTlianobaSi dRemde ar gamxdara specialuri
Seswavlis sagani. am fonze, — wers avtori SesavalSi, —
RaRadad an anderZad SemogvrCa cnobili mwerlis da
aRiarebuli Jurnalistis, Rirseuli baTumelis aw gan-
svenebuli nugzar jafariZis mxatvruli qmnileba:
`mogzauroba baTumSi~, romelSic igi gulistkiviliT
wers: `baTumis warsuli daCumqrulia saukunovan Sre-
ebSi~. ase ambobs, magram guls ar itexs, momavlis Rrma
rwmeniT xmamaRla gvmoZRvravs: `dadgeba dro, visac
RmerTi miscems Zalmosilebas, ganZis maZieblis sijiu-
tes, gambedaobas da baTumis aTaswlovan matianes na-
Tels mohfens. sxvanairad, aba ra azri aqvs cxovrebas,
Tu Seni istoria, Seni saamayo warsuli ar ici. veZebT,
gamovaCinoT Cveni Zveli da axali istoriis furclebi.
es valdebuleba ki ara, Cveni valia~ — werda ukvdaveba-
Si gadasuli mwerali nugzar jafariZe. dRes ki unda
CavsZaxoT nugzar jafariZes sasufevelSi da vauwyoT,
rom dadga misi nanatri dro. uflis nebiT gamoCndnen
Zalmosilebis mqone mecnier-mkvlevarebi, romlebmac
eZebes, gamoaCines Cveni qalaqis Zveli da axali istori-
is furclebi, baTumis 2500-wlian istorias naTeli moh-
fines. koleqtiur avtorTa winamdebare naSromi swo-
red am istoriuli misiis realizaciis pirveli realu-
ri, saimedo, sayrdeni da perspeqtiuli cdaa. mwams, mo-

338
mavali Taoba maT amags saTanadod daafasebs. Sesavlis
Semdeg mokle, zogadi cnobebiT daxasiaTebulia Zveli
da axali baTumis lokalizacia, misi farTobi, mosaxle-
oba, geostruqturuli mdebareoba, demografiuli su-
raTi, klimaturi pirobebi, flora, fauna, misi savaWro,
saporto da sanaosno daniSnuleba. baTumi ara marto
saqarTvelos, aramed mTeli kavkasiis margalitia. igi
Tavisi `baTumobiT~ msoflioSi saintereso qalaqTa
Soris moiazreba. misi roli, geostrategiuli funqcia
dRiTi dRe ufro izrdeba. baTumis, rogorc saporto
qalaqis mniSvnelobis warmosaCenad wignis istoriuli
nawilis avtors mohyavs cnobili qarTveli mamuliSvi-
lis n.nikolaZis sityvebi, rom `istambulis da sevasto-
polis garda Sav zRvaze baTumisTana Zvirfasi Tvali
ara hqonia da ar aqvs.~ Cven ki davamatebdiT, rom es kar-
gad SeniSna Tavis droze mefis ruseTis mTavrobamac
Sav zRvaze saporto adgilebis Semowmebisas. daskvna
gakeTda baTumis pirvelobaze sevastopols aqeT da da-
iwyes baTumSi sazRvao portis mSenebloba-gafarToeba,
1988 wels baTums Tanamedrove qalaqis statusi mieniWa.
mefis ruseTis mmarTvelobis dros baTumis porti Se-
dioda odesis sazRvao sammarTveloSi. sabWoTa xeli-
suflebis bolo wlebSi saqarTvelos xelisuflebam mi-
aRwia imas, rom baTumis porti gamoeyo odesis sazRvao
sammarTvelos da Seiqmna damoukid — ebeli saqarTve-
los sazRvao sanaosno. miuxedavad imisa, rom maSin Cven
viyaviT `okupirebuli~, `okupantma~ Seasrula `okupi-
rebulTa~ Txovna.
samwuxarod, qveynis saubedurod, roca sisxlis
fasad movipoveT damoukidebloba, maSin erovnulma xe-
lisuflebam gaauqma Zvirfasi mona-povari — saqarTve-
los sazRvaosno. samarcxvinod, didi xnis dava iyo imis
gasarkvevad da dasadgenad, Tu sad unda yofiliyo saz-

339
Rvao sanaosno administracia baTumSi (roca Seiqmna,
administracia iyo baTumSi) zRva — sTan, Tu TbilisSi,
zRvidan 400 km-ze. xangrZlivi `gamiSvi-damakaves~ Sem-
deg sanaosnos 56 gemi `qariSxalma aitaca~ da sazRvaos-
noc gaqra. am situacias ar esadageba winaparTa senten-
cia `roca gvaqvs, ar vafasebT, davkargavT da vnanobT~.
vfiqrobT, Savi zRva rom TbilisTan yofiliyo an xeli-
suflebaSi erovnuli, saxelmwifoebrivad moazrovne
politikosebi mosuliyvnen, saqarTvelos sazRvao sana-
osno dResac iqneboda. imedia, axali xelisufleba da-
intresdeba qveynisaTvis metad saWiro resursis gamo-
yenebiT, simarTlesTan erTad, aRadgens saqarTvelos
sanaosnos da qveynisa da xalxis samsaxurSi Caayenebs am
Zvirfas kapitals. warmodgenili naSromis erT-erT
Rirsebad unda CaiTvalos is, rom mosaxleobis did na-
wils, Tu ara mTlianad, Zveli baTumis adgilmdebareo-
baze warmoadgena ar aqvs. am wigniT, rogorc zemoT iT-
qva, yvela gaigebs, rom Zveli baTumi gaSenda md. yoro-
liswylis midamoebSi salibauris CarTviT Zv.w.aRr. V
saukuneSi, xolo XVIII saukunidan TandaTanobiT gadai-
nacvla Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT. gafarTovda da miiRo
dRevandeli saxe. wignis istoriul nawils axlavs baTu-
mis da mis maxloblad arqeologiuri gaTxrebis Sede-
gad moZiebuli Zveli berZnuli, romauli da sasanuri
monetebi, agreTve d.xaxutaiSvilis da sxva avtorebis
mier Sedgenili rukebi. naSromis meore nawilSi sauba-
ria qalaqis Tanamedroveobaze. unda iTqvas, rom avto-
rebi sainteresod axasiaTeben baTumis cxovrebas pir-
veli msoflio omisa da saqarTvelos damoukideblobis
periodSi (n.zosiZe) (gv.83-95), baTumSi sabWoTa mmar-
Tvelobis epoqas (r.uzunaZe, r.zosiZe), (gv. 96-109); pro-
fesorma ramaz surmaniZem warmoadgina cnobebi baTu-
mis uaxlesi warsulidan (1990-2010 ww.) (gv.110-118); in-

340
teresiT ikiTxeba misive, cnobili adamianebis gamonaT-
qvamebi baTumze (gv. 119-137). wignis bolo qveTavSi igive
avtoris mier daxasiaTebulia `baTumis RirsSesaniSna-
obani~ (baTumis quCebi, qalaq baTumis erovnuli mniS-
vnelobis arqiteqturul ZeglTa sia, qalaqis mwvane sa-
fari, nuriis tba da baRi, baTumis bulvari, botanikuri
baRi) (gv.138-159). vfiqrobT, sainformacio-sacnobaro
masalebi didad miizidavs da gaaxarebs qalaqis istori-
iT daintresebul stumrebs, turistebs, mogzaurebs,
damsveneblebs, romlebic CamobrZandebian da gaecno-
bian qalaqis istoriul adgilebs da mis bunebas, Rir-
sSesaniSnaobebs. wignis SesavalSi naTqvamia, Cvenc mxars
vuWerT da davamatebT, rom baTumis turistul qala-
qad da aWaris turizmisa da dasvenebis zonad, janmrTe-
lobis gaumjobeseba-gakaJebis kerad gadaqcevis per-
speqtivasTan dakavSirebiT es da misi msgavsi naSromebi
stumrebs miscems SesaZleblobas, gaecnon saqarTve-
los Tvalmargalitsa da satransporto WiSkris, baTu-
mis mravalsaukunovan warsulsa da Tanamedroveobas.
wigns Rirsebas hmatebs vrceli reziumeebi inglisur
(gv. 160-171) da rusul (gv.172-184) enebze. wignis bolos
darTulia bibliografia 175 dasaxelebis literatu-
riT (gv.221-228). naSromi ilustrirebulia qalaqis war-
suli da Tanamedrove yofis amsaxveli fotoebiT. Cveni
azriT, naSromi ufro ukeTesi iqneboda analogiuri re-
ziumebiT, Turqul enazec rom yofiliyo, radgan Tur-
qebi bolosdabolos gaigeben baTumis WeSmarit isto-
rias da ar ahyvebian provokaciebs. ai ra sWirdeba ke-
Tilmezoblur urTierTobas. vityvi da visurvebdi,
rom wigni romelic qalaqis, mxaris Tu qveynis savizo
baraTs warmoadgens, unda daiweros ra Tqma unda pir-
vel rigSi, mSobliur enaze da paralelurad unda
iTargmnos saerTaSoriso enebzec. vityvi agreTve ima-

341
sac, rom sarfis sabaJos karis gaxsnis Semdeg q. baTu-
mis, rogorc saporto, sahaero satransporto qalaqisa
da qveynis WiSkris potenciali ufro gaizarda, baTumi,
aWara azia-evropa da sxva kontinentebis damakavSire-
bel satransporto derefnad gadaiqca. Cven yvelafriT
da maT Soris inteleqtualuri saSualebebiTac mzad
unda viyoT stumrebisaTvis maspinZlobis gasawevad.
daskvnis saxiT aRvniSnavT, rom sarecenzio naSromi da-
werilia gamarTuli qarTuliT, ikiTxeba sainteresod,
Sedgenilia mravalferovani wyaroebisa da literatu-
ris (qarTuli Tu ucxouri) safuZvelze da warmoadgens
avtorebis, profesorebis: revaz uzunaZis, ramaz sur-
maniZis da nugzar zosiZis erToblivi, xangrZlivi
kvleva-Ziebis Sedegs. igi mecnierulad da akademiurad
srulyofili naSromia. gvjera, naSromi karg samsaxurs
gauwevs istoriiT dainteresul studentebs, aspiran-
tebs, istoriis mkvlevarebs, xels Seuwyobs axalgaz-
rdobis erovnul-patriotuli suliskveTebiT aR-
zrdas, iqneba qalaqis savizo baraTi, uxvad moizidavs
damsveneblebs ara marto saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuT-
xeebidan, aramed msoflios mravali qveynidan.
winamdebare naSromi `baTumi (istoria da Tanamed-
roveoba)~ sami avtoris mier keTilsindisierebiT Ses-
rulebulia. baTumis 25 saukuniani istoriis, maTi war-
sulisa da Tanamedroveobis erTad monografiulad,
mecnierul doneze warmodgena pirveli, gabeduli ga-
marTlebuli da Sedegiani nabijia. igi avsebs Cveni qa-
laqebis, saqarTvelos, maT Soris aWaris istoriis xar-
vezebsa da qarTuli istoriografiis mniSvnelovani Se-
naZenia. Tu naSroms SevafasebT xatovnad, vityviT, es
wigni aris ugzoobis pirobebSi gayvanili gza-biliki
daniSnulebis punqtamde. es usaTuod, didi saqmea, mag-
ram gzis mSeneblobis dasawyisia. amocanad rCeba avto-

342
banis mSenebloba. am gza-bilikis gamoyenebiT avtoreb-
ma, sxva dainteresebul mecnier-specialistebTan er-
Tad unda ifiqron avtobanis gasayvanad; mecnierul
enaze ki es niSnavs; avtorebma unda gaagrZelon muSaoba
didi da farTo perspeqtivebis mqone qalaq baTumis is-
toriis mravaltomeulis dasawerad da mkiTxvelze mi-
sawodeblad. amiT fasdaudebel wvlils Seitanen qar-
Tul istoriografiaSi.
aRniSnuli recenzia sakmaod vrceli, dasabuTebu-
li, detalebiTa da argumentebiT gajerebuli sainte-
reso gamoxmaurebaa axalgazrda istorikosebis mier
gamocemul saintereso wignze, romelic ara mxolod
specialistebisaTvis, mkiTxvelTa farTo wrisTvisaa
gankuTvnili. msgavsi xasiaTis recenziebi qarTul pri-
odul presaSi xSiri unda iyos, radgan erTi, rom re-
cenzias kidev ufro meti fasi daedeba da meore, recen-
zia iqneba saukeTeso da erTguli megzuri masobrivi
auditoriisaken.
aseve sainteresoa gazeTi `baTumis universiteti~,
2014-maisi, №5, sadac ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis
Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis klinikuri anato-
miisa da operaciuli qirurgiis departamentis xel-
mZRvanelis profesor dimitri korZaias samecniero xa-
siaTis recenzia daibeWda wignze „klinikuri anatomi-
is~ gamo, romelic profesorma zurab ComaxaSvilma Ses-
Tavaza studentebs. `am tipis saxelmZRvanelos Seqmnas
erTdroulad sWirdeba didi codna da Sromismoyvare-
oba, rasac zurgs unda umagrebdes saTanado pedagogi-
uri gamocdileba~, dasZens recenzenti da iqve agrZe-
lebs, rom `sayovelTaodaa aRiarebuli: karg saxel-
mZRvanelos is qmnis, visac gamoucdia swavlebis sirTu-
leca da bednierebac, — batoni zurabi ki, swored, aseT
adamianTa ricxvs ekuTvnis. magram aseTi sqeltaniani

343
saxelmZRvanelo rom Seqmna (miT ufro, iseT pirobebSi,
rodesac adekvaturi honoraris miRebas verc ivarau-
deb), unda gaxalisebdes momavali TaobebisaTvis Seni
Sromis mniSvnelobis SegrZneba da, amasTanave, sworad
afasebde Sens SesaZloblebebs. batoni zurabis Sem-
TxvevaSi es mocemulobac saxezea~. rogorc ityvian,
komentari zedmetia. recenzents kargad esmis samedi-
cino sferoSi dawerili `kargi wignis~ fasi da ara mxo-
lod es. recenzenti xazs usvams avtoris erTgvar `saq-
velmoqmedo~ saqmianobasac, rodesac msgavsi titanuri
sromis ganxorcielebisaTvis Zalian bevri SesaZloa ma-
Rali honorariTac dasaCuqrdnen, am SemTxvevaSi ki
msgavsi araferi momxdara. recenzentis azriT msgavsi
xasiaTis profesiuli saqmianobani umniSvnelovanesia
adamianuri TvalsazrisiTac, rodesac maRal profesi-
onalizms did pirovnul-adamianur Tvisebebsac rom
SeaTavseb. msgavsi Sefasebebis gakeTeba mxolod dargis
gamocdil specialistebs Tu SeuZliaT, radgan maT es-
miT is Tema da is sakiTxebi, razedac saubroben da ri-
giTi mkiTxvelic am yvelafers xedavs da sjeravs kidec
amis. amitomac kidev erTxel vimeorebT-recenzia Jur-
nalistikis asaxvis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani da sainte-
reso formaa da is analitikuri asaxvis obieqts warmo-
adgens, oRondac Jurnalisturi `sifrTxile~ kvlavac
aqtualuria da metad mniSvnelovanic. `is klinikuri
anatomiis (topografiuli anatomiis) dargis udidesi
warmomadgenlis, profesor Salva ToiZis moswavlea.
agrZelebs saubars recenzenti da dasZens, rom `batoni
Salvas xelmZRvanelobiT mravali weli muSaobda Tbi-
lisis saxelmwifo samedicino universitetis anatomii-
sa da topografiuli anatomiis kaTedraze; aq Camoya-
libda rogorc mecnier-mkvlevari da pedagogi. aqve da-
icva disertacia da moipova pirveli aRiareba, rogorc

344
gamomgonebelma (misi avtorobiT Seqmnili xelsawyo,
Tanamedrove lazeruli Tu eleqtroTermuli skalpe-
rebis gamoCenamde, did daxmarebas uwevda qirurgebs
RviZlze operaciebis „usisxlod Catarebis~ saqme-
Si).zurab ComaxaSvils aqvs klinikuri muSaobis sakmao
staJi da jandacvis organizaciis sferoSic muSaobis
gamocdileba. amdenad, baTumis SoTa rusTavelis sa-
xelmwifo universitetma zurab ComaxaSvilis saxiT Se-
iZina medicinis sferoSi kompleqsurad ganswavluli
kadri. man ukanasknel wlebSi mTeli Tavisi Zalisxmeva
daafokusa Tavisi upirvelesi arCevanis sferoze _
klinikur anatomiasa da operaciul qirurgiaze~. am
SemTxvevaSi saubaria wignis avtoris mier ganvlili
gzis sisworis Cvenebaze, romelic recenzents miseuli
mecnieruli xedvebis argumentirebuli dasabuTebi-
saTvis sWirdeba. recenzentis mxridan wignis avtoris
sxva gamocemebze xazgasma mniSvnelovania Tundac imis
saCveneblad, Tu ra gza ganvlo mecnier-mkvlevarma
dRemde, ra aris misi interesis sagani, ram ukarnaxa sa-
recenzio wignze muSaoba da sxva. `baTumSi moRvaweobi-
sas TanaavtorebTan erTad gamoaqveyna or aTeulze me-
ti statia, Seqmna monografiaebi — „elenTis travma~,
„operaciebi RviZlze erTi anatomiuri naxevris far-
glebSi Sesabamisi portuli kompleqsis drobiTi dax-
Sobis pirobebSi~, „endometriumis struqturuli
cvlilebebi erTfaziani menstruaciuli ciklis dros~,
„saSvilosnos yelis kibos klinikuri mimdinareobis Ta-
viseburebani daavadebis prognozuli faqtorebis gaT-
valiswinebiT~, saxelmZRvaneloebi: „eTikisa da deon-
tologiis mokle saleqcio kursi stomatologebisaT-
vis~, „muclis Rrus organoebis saswrafo-gadaudebeli
qirurgia~, „Tavisa da kisris midamoebis klinikuri ana-

345
tomia~; cnobari — „muclis Rrus mwvave qirurgiul daa-
vadebaTa simptomebi da sindromebi~. es yvelaferi re-
cenzents aZlevs imis Tqmis saSualebas, rom `CamoT-
vlilTa Soris „klinikuri anatomia~ gamoirCeva siR-
rmiTa da masStabiT, rom saxelmZRvaneloSi adamianis
sxeulis agebuleba ganxilulia regionebis mixedviT.
aq, batoni zurabi, srulad icavs topografiuli ana-
tomiis saxelmZRvaneloTa damkvidrebul tradicias,
romelic saTaves germanuli skolidan iRebs jer kidev
XIII-XIX saukuneebSi. magram, rodesac TiToeuli anato-
miuri struqturis topografiis garCeva dasruldeba
(anu, mas Semdeg, rac xarki mieZRvneba operaciuli qi-
rurgiisaTvis safuZvlebis Seqmnas), iwyeba am struqtu-
raTa ganxilva maTi dazianebasa Tu paTologiaSi mona-
wileobis (an potenciuri monawileobis) TvalsazrisiT,
agreTve am anatomiur-topografiuli TaviseburebebiT
ganpirobebul simptomTa da im meTodebis Cveneba, ri-
Tac es simptomebi unda iqnas gamovlenili~. recenziis
dasasruls dargis cnobili specialisti dasZens: `sasi-
amovnoa aRiniSnos, rom „klinikuri anatomia~, rig Sem-
TxvevebSi, warmatebiT iTvaliswinebs analogiuri uc-
xouri gamocemebis gamocdilebasac (k. muris da a. da-
lis „klinikurad orientirebuli anatomia~ da s. sne-
lis „klinikuri anatomia~), romelSic mocemulia kli-
nikuri SemTxvevebis „anatomiuri garCevebis~ SesaniSna-
vi magaliTebi. aseTi gamocdilebis gaziareba qarTul
saxelmZRvanelos wasakiTxad ufro sainteresos xdis
da mas uaRresad saWiro wignad aqcevs ara marto stu-
dentebisaTvis, aramed klinicistebisaTvis. `minda mi-
vuloco avtorTa koleqtivs da, upirveles yovlisa,
baton zurab ComaxaSvils, SesaniSnavi saxelmZRvanelos
Seqmna, xolo medicinis sxvadasxva specialobis stu-

346
dentebsa da praqtikos medikosebs kidev erTi SesaniS-
navi SenaZeni~, dasZens recenziis dasasruls avtori.

literatura:

1. `baTumis universiteti~, 2014-aprili, №4,

2. gazeTi `baTumis universiteti~, 2014-marti, №3
3. gazeTi `baTumis universiteti~, 2014-maisi, №5

literaturuli recenzia

literaturuli kritika, literaturul nawarmo-

ebTa recenzireba xels uwyobs swored literaturis
gamdidrebas, mis mxatvrul srulyofasa da ganviTare-
bas. gasuli saukunis qarTuli literaturis ganviTa-
rebaSi udidesia im qarTvel kritikosTa Rvawli, ro-
melTa literaturulma mimoxilvebma, kritikuli xasi-
aTis statiebma Tu konkretul nawarmoebze dawerilma
recenziebma udidesi gavlena moaxdina erovnuli mwer-
lobis SemoqmedebiT monapovarze; amasTan, isini xels
uwyoben mkiTxvelTa gonebrivi Tvalsawieris gafarTo-
ebas, literaturuli estetizmis sisadaves, xels uw-
yobs iseTi sazogadoebrivi azris Seqmnas, romelic ase-
ve zrdis Sesabamis leqsikur maragsa da mxatvruli az-
rovnebis SesaZleblobas sazogadoebaSi. am mxvriv sain-
teresoa me-19 saukunis qarTuli saliteraturo kri-
tikis fuZemdeblis ilia WavWavaZis publikacia `orio-
de sityva Tavad revaz Salvas Zis erisTavis kazlovi-
dan SeSlilis Targmanzeda.~ aseTi mwvave, problematu-
ri, mtkivneuli da saintereso recenzia mTeli Tavisi
filosofiuri siRrmiT, masSi dasmuli problematikiT

347
imdenad mwvave, drouli da saWirboroto iyo, SeiZleba
iTqvas am erTma recenziam gadatrialeba moaxdina
mTels qarTul literaturul da ara mxolod litera-
turul cxovrebaSi. sakiTxi imdenad mZafri da tkivi-
liani aRmoCnda, rom mTeli sazogadoebrivi azri Ses-
Zra, aaforiaqa da aamoZrava. swored amis Sedegi iyo is,
rom gamofxizlda qarTuli sazogadoebrivi azrovneba,
Zlier talRad daiZra progresulad moazrovne erov-
nuli inteleqtualuri elita da Tavankara literatu-
ruli mdinare macocxlebel sxivad da sinamdviled mo-
efina mTel momdevno epoqas... kargad dawerili recen-
zia — samarTliani, principuli, obieqturi, miukerZoe-
beli ganmsazRvrelia ama Tu im teqstisa Tu wignisa da
sazogadoebrivi ganwyobac mis Sesabamisad yalibdeba.
ra gamodis? recenzentis profesionalizmi eWvs ki ar
unda iwvevdes, aramed piriqiT, kompetenturi da avto-
ritetuli unda iyos, Torem kritika ganusjeli, usa-
marTlo da tendenciuri isev recenzents daubrundeba
Zalian cudad da mis araprofesionalizmsa da mikerZo-
ebulobas gausvams xazs. sagnis arsSi wvdoma, mxatvru-
li fantaziis unari, danaxvisa da ganWvretis unari,
garkveva imisa, Tu raze saubrobs avtori mocemul Sem-
TxvevaSi, recenzentis sindiszea, raTa bolomde axsnas
agrZnobinos, aCvenos, daanaxvos da ganacdevinos yve-
las, rasac mwerali grZnobs an ganicdis. amitomac kar-
gi iqneba recenzenti profesiuli codniT gamorCeuli,
romelsac kritikuli alRo da mxatvruli gemovneba,
azris mkafiod da cxadad Camoyalibebis unari da SesaZ-
lebloba kargad eqneba ganviTarebuli. mxatvruli li-
teraturis dargSi arsebuli problematika da miRweu-
li warmatebebi ganmapirobebelia literaturuli re-
cenziis procesSi. amitomac recenzentis profesiuli
movaleobaa obieqturobisa da samarTlianobis, miuker-

348
Zoebeli Tval-yuris garanti, konkretuli literatu-
ruli faqtebis analizisas, swored maRali literatu-
ruli gemovneba da saqmeSi Caxeduleba unda iyos. re-
cenzents unda ainteresebdes ra da rogor Tqva mwe-
ralma. literaturuli recenzia xsnis mwerlis ideuri
Canafiqrsa da mxatvruli ostatobis Taviseburebebs,
aCvenebs im originalurs, romelic Semoqmedis gansa-
kuTrebuli niWierebis nayofia da axalia mwerlobaSi.
mwerliseuli Canafiqri, ZiriTadi idea ise unda iyos
xorcsesxmuli, misadagebuli da morgebuli teqstis
formasa da Sinaarss da rac mTavaria, es yovelive imde-
nad sainteresod da mimzidvelad unda iyos warmodge-
nili recenziaSi, dainteresebul mkiTxvels sasiamovno
ganwobas unda uqmnides da rwmeniTa da imediT aRavseb-
des. amiT recenzenti exmareba ara marto rigiT mkiT-
xvels, aramed zogadad yvelas da gansakuTrebiT mkiT-
xvelTa farTo wres, visTvisac didi mniSvneloba aqvs
erovnuli mwerlobis miRwevebsa da aRmavlobas qveya-
naSi inteleqtualuri azrovnebis zrdis Tvalsazri-
siT, rom am saqmeSi umniSvnelovanesia sazogadoebis
kulturul-saganmanaTleblo da literaturul-esTe-
tikuri SexedulebaTa siswore da obieqturoba.
recenzentma unda moaxerxos nawarmoebis erT
mTlianobaSi warmoCena, rogorc erTiani cocxali or-
ganizmisa da am mdgomareobaSive unda moxdes misi Sefa-
sebac. mkiTxvelisaTvis yovelTvis sasurvelia sare-
cenzio teqstis saerTo, mTliani Sefaseba, warmatebu-
li Tu warumatebeli nabijebi, gnebavT misaRebi an miu-
Rebeli detalebi, romelic SesaZloa iyos literatu-
rul nawarmoebSi. recenzenti, iseve rogorc nawarmoe-
bis avtori, eZebs Sesabamis formas saTqmelis gamosaxa-
tad, radganac rCeva-darigeba, dawuneba an mowoneba, qe-
ba Tu Zageba vinmesi an raimesi, didi pasuxismgebloba

349
da Sesabamisad didi tvirTia, romlis tarebac SesaZ-
loa mTeli cxovreba mouwios recenziis avtors. ami-
tomac simZimis satareblad mzad unda iyo garkveuli
wlebis Semdegac da did pasuxismgeblobas unda
grZnobde kidec. obieqturi, akademiuri, profesiuli,
miukerZoebeli msjeloba da analizi TavisTavad war-
moaCens sarecenzio nawarmoebis Rirsebasa da naklova-
nebebs da dainteresebuli mkiTxvelic amas advilad
mixvdeba da gaigebs yovelgvari zedmeti emociuri dat-
virTvisa da gadaWarbebis gareSec.
magaliTisaTvis moviyvanT profesor m. gorgoSa-
Zis recenzias, romelic gazeTSi `baTumis universite-
ti~ 2013-weli — seqtemberi — №7 daibeWda saTauriT
„SeSlili profesoris~ Wkviani personaJebi da zogier-
Ti sadReiso problema samomavlod~. sainteresoa re-
cenziis Sesavlis avtoriseuli gadawyveta: `recenzi-
ebs iSviaTad vwer, mxatvruli literaturis Sesaxeb ki
arasodes damiweria − gamonaklisi batoni paata Cagana-
vas „SeSlili profesoria~, romelic mimdinare wels,
TbilisSi, gamomcemloba „universalma~ gamosca. am,
TxuTmeti moTxrobisgan Semdgari wignis pirveli moT-
xrobis wakiTxvisTanave gamiCnda azri, masze Cemi damo-
kidebulebis Sesaxeb sajarod meTqva. jer erTi, imitom,
rom Cems (Cvens) kolegas profesor (ara SeSlil) paata
Caganavas gamxneveba rom dasWirveboda am sxva ampluaSi
(igi, ekonomikis dargis profesoria), me (Cven) es unda
gagvekeTebina, mxarze xeli wamogvertya da Segvegulia-
nebia. Tumca, Tavidanve SevniSnav, rom baton paatas arc
am sferoSi dasWirvebia avansis tipis qeba-dideba da
prezentacia-iubileebisTvis gankuTvnili „SesaniSna-
via-didebulias~ msgavsi „morige sityvebi~ (Tu ratom,
amaze qvemoT) da meorec, wminda adamianurad CemTvis

350
saintereso iyo Cem (Cven) gverdiT myofi ekonomikis
dargis profesorisagan (ara SeSlilisagan?!) mxatvrul
literaturaSi Zalis mosinjva da Cems (Cvens) universi-
tetSi kidev erTi axali, lamazi da saamayo faqtis daba-
deba − gvyavs profesori ekonomisti, romelic mxat-
vruli literaturis dargSic irjeba, wers sakmaod
karg moTxrobebs.~ recenzenti saintereso da origina-
luri saubris formiT cdilobs miizidos mkiTxveli
sazogadoebis yuradReba da amiT kidev erTxel Seaxse-
nos yvelas, rom axalgazrda niWieri mwerlis saxiT sa-
intereso da originaluri niWis mwerali Semodis sazo-
gadoebaSi. Tvali gavadevnoT recenzentis saubars da
gavyveT mis sarecenzio striqonebs, romelic vfiq-
robT marTlac saintereso da mniSvnelovania Tanamed-
rove mkiTxvelisaTvis nawarmoebis wakiTxvis gancdis
SeZenis TvalsazrisiTac: `rogorc mogaxseneT, „SeSli-
li profesori~ TxuTmeti moTxrobisgan Semdgari kre-
bulia. TiToeuli moTxroba Tanamedrove kacobriobis
globalur problemebs exeba, TiTo moTxroba — TiTo
problemas. TiToeuli moTxrobis kiTxvisas igrZnoba,
rom avtorma icis rasac wers, ara mxolod icis,
grZnobs kidec, sxvanairad SeuZlebeli iqneboda im ur-
Tules problemebze ase martivad saubari, xval rom
gvelis, Tu, rasakvirvelia, raRac-raRacebi ar Sevcva-
leT Cveni cxovrebis wesSi. cnobilia, saTqmels amarti-
vebs ara imdenad saTqmelis codna, ramdenadac misi gan-
cda, misiT Sinagani wva. Cemi azriT, baton paata Cagana-
vasTan es moxda.~ sainteresoa recenzentis ubralo ena
da saubris gamorCeuli stili. is xazs usvams wignis av-
toris damokidebulebas sxvadasxva problematikisadmi
da gamoyofs moTxrobebSi warmodgenil globalur
problemebs, romelsac avtori ara mxolod icnobs,
aramed ganicdis kidec. mkiTxvelis mxridan am yvelaf-

351
ris ukeT danaxvisa da gaazrebisaTvis ki gvTavazobs: `
modiT, ufro axlos gavecnoT „SeSlili profesoris~
Wkvian personaJebs da masSi dasmul zogierT problemas.
pirveli moTxroba „rubin koSkas teleportebi~,
gv. 3-20 (aqac da qvemoTac gverdebi miTiTebulia wigni-
dan — paata Caganava, SeSlili profesori, Tb., 2013),
cdilobs agvixsnas, Tu ratom da rogor SeiZleba arse-
bobdes „dawyevlili adgilebi~, „jadosnuri tyeebi~,
„saidumlo gvirabebi~, Sambalas qveyana tibetSi da sxva
iseTi adgilebi, sadac adamianebi ikargebian an sxva sam-
yaroSi xvdebian. avtori aqac da wignis sxva moTxrobeb-
Sic, ama Tu im problemis axsnisTvis irCevs samecniero
fantastikas, am Janris SerCeva gasagebia, ase ufro io-
lad SeiZleba axsna problema, magram sirTule isaa, rom
es ar aris nebismieri fantazia, es samecniero fantazi-
aa, rac samecniero problematikis, minimum, safuZvle-
bis codnas mainc moiTxovs. sasiamovnoa, rom batoni paa-
ta, Tavis wignSi dasmul problemebs icnobs da icis am
problemebis Sesaxeb samecniero varaudebi. ise, kacma
rom Tqvas, avtoriseuli fantasmagoria fantaziaa imde-
nad, ramdenadac, dRes misi ganxorcieleba SeuZlebelia,
Torem xval ratom ar SeiZleba Seiqmnas, magaliTad, lin-
za, romelic tvinis jer kidev gamouyenebeli nawilebis
aqtivizacias moaxdens? (xom gamoigones mikroskopi da
teleskopi, romlebmac dagvanaxes is, rasac manamde ver
vxedavdiT). hoda, sulac ar unda iyos fantazia, rom Cve-
ni aRqmis da xedvis unari ise gavaZlieroT, rom davina-
xoT samyaro mTeli Tavisi srulyofilebiT da sxva sam-
yaroebSi gadasasvlelebiT. swored, am saintereso
problemis, ufro saintereso siuJetiT, gadmocemas eZ-
Rvneba Cven mier naxsenebi pirveli moTxroba.
Tu gindaT, rom planetebze adamianebisTvis axali

352
sacxovrebeli garemos − koloniebis dasazverad gam-
gzavrebul knisisa da zorsis erTad imogzauroT, hae-
ris nakadze balansirebiT mosiarule(mofrinvale) ar-
sebebs SexvdeT, waikiTxeT moTxroba „abezari aborige-
nebi~(gv.21-26) da mixvdebiT, rom es planeta (samyaro)
mxolod Cveni, adamianebis ar aris, aq sxvebic cxovro-
ben da maTac aqvT ufleba daicvan da uerTgulon mas.
2015 wlis 23 Tebervlis 155-e nomerSi, gazeT „aWa-
ris~ furclebze gamoqveynebuli ori SeSlili profe-
soris, paata aroSiZisa da paata Caganavas ucnauri saq-
cielis (gv.31) Sesaxeb SeityobT moTxrobaSi „apokalif-
si xval~(gv.26-31). sxvaTa Soris, am moTxrobaSi, paata
aroSiZis mier gamogonebuli drois manqaniT imogzau-
rebT 2100 wlis zRvis sanapiroebian urexSi. problema?
− gaufrTxildiT baTumis sanapiros, Tu ar gindaT,
Tqvenma STamomavlebma 2100 wels Sezlongebi da qolge-
bi zRvis sanapiroze, urexSi, gaSalon! ‘’
recenzenti sainteresod da originalurad, ga-
morCeuli paTosiTa da grZnobiT muxtavs sakuTar saT-
qmels da isev cdilobs mkiTxvelis Sesabamisi muxtiT
ganwyobas. is ise SeiWra mwerliseuli fantaziis labi-
rinTebSi mkiTxveli iZulebulic ki xdeba erwmunos da
daujeros mas, an aucileblad gaecnos axalgazrda
prozaikosis Tamam Sexedulebebs: `frTxilad adamiane-
bo! giyvardeT, gaugeT, SeamCnieT erTmaneTio, gvaf-
rTxilebs moTxroba „arSexvedra kosmosSi~(gv.32-38),
romlis mixedviTac, ucxoplanetelTa xomaldi ise Se-
vida, gaiara da gavida Cveni planetelebis xomaldSi,
rom verc ki SeniSna. miaqcieT yuradReba − Sexvda, gaia-
ra masSi, magram ver SeniSna. ver SeniSnes verc xelsaw-
yoebma. iqneb, rom SevniSnoT, Tvalze da xelsawyoebze
metad guli gvWirdeba? „samyaroSi aris bevri ram, ra-

353
sac ver vxedavT, bevri ram, rac gverds Cagvivlis da
ver vamCnevT~ (gv.38). es ugulisyuroba da ugulisTva-
loba, Cveni epoqis problemaa. yovel SemTxvevaSi, imis
gacnobiereba mainc, rom adamianma aqcentebi gulidan
TavSi gadaitana, Cvens epoqas ekuTvnis, da sasiamovnoa,
rom batoni paata, Tavisi moTxrobiT, garkveuli simbo-
luri miniSnebebiT, exmianeba am problemas, ara mxolod
sicocxlis CvenTvis ucnob formebTan mimarTebaSi,
aramed yoveldRiur yofiT donezec − „waval, cols Se-
vurigdebi~ . ra xdeba barcxanaSi, ilias ZeglTan, Caq-
vSi, leRvaSi, lesaSi, roca yvela genmodificirebuli
mcenare gadavida ukufotosinTezis procesze(gv.54) da
Jangbadis nacvlad naxSirorJangis gamoyofa daiwyo,
waikiTxavT SesaniSnav moTxrobaSi „evolucia~ (gv. 48-
59). moTxroba „futkrebis gadafrena~(gv.59-68), albaT,
yvelaze Zlieri moTxrobaa krebulSi, igi RvTisken da
qarTvelobisken mobrunebas exeba (Tu, ukve ar davagvi-
aneT — es moTxrobis paTosia). miaqcieT yuradReba:
„yvelam evropuli futkari moaSena, ufro mSvidebi
arian da yvelanair garemos eCvevian. svanuri futkari
ki Wirveulia − sxvasTan ar jvardeba da sxvagan ar Sen-
deba~(gv. 60). yvelgan SemCvevi evropelebis gavleniT
gajorjebuli da gamerebuli giorgi da mariami, mori-
debulad, magram mainc ibruneben TavianT qarTul saxe-
lebs da jvris dasawerad myinvarwverze, stefanwmindis
taZarSi (eklesia da mRvdeli mxolod aq SemorCenila
!!!) midian. maTi gadawyvetileba icxovron iq, sadac lo-
culoben, gulwrfelad sjeraT RvTis, miwisZvra ar
xdeba da futkari muSaobs, iracionalur gadawyveti-
lebad miaCnia jouzi baraTaSvils. Tumca, moTxrobi-
dan vigrZeni, rom saxelis SecvliT, mama-papaTa cxov-
rebis wesis daviwyebiTa da qarTvelobisagan mowyvetiT
gaevropulobisken mimaval jouzis, eWvi epareba am

354
gziT miznis miRwevaze. evropas, qarTvelobadakargu-
lebi ki ara, qarTveli evropelebi vWirdebiT. marsele-
bis fexburTiT dainteresebas, msoflio Cempionatis
finalSi saqarTvelos nakrebis mier argentinis nakre-
bis damarcxebas da saqarTvelos msoflio CempionobiT
fexburTSi mogvril sixaruls gaiziarebT moTxrobiT
„ocnebis gundi~ (gv.74-80). amasTan, am moTxrobaSi amoi-
kiTxavT, Tu ra Tvisebebia saWiro imisaTvis, rom msof-
lios Cempioni gaxde fexburTSi. pitkinasa da Temuras
mier naSvileb ucxoplanetels gaecnobiT moTxrobaSi
„ra gamoriya zRvam~(gv.81-94), romelic avariuli daSve-
bisas, Suaxevidan Subnis mimarTulebiT, mdinaris piras,
mfrinavi TefSidan gadmovarda. formulas, romelic
totalizatorSi „magar~ fuls mogagebinebT (Tu Wkvia-
nad iqnebiT es fuli SeiZleba SegrCeT kidec), gaecno-
biT moTxrobaSi „saSiSi formula~ (gv.95-103). Robemon-
greul ezoSi momRerali yvavilebis gamgebi baTumeli
profesoris (gv.104-110) CvenebiT, Tavisuflebis ideasa
(yvavilebi mxolod Robemongreul ezoSi mRerian, Se-
moRobilSi — ara) da mis SesaZleblobebze gvelaparake-
ba avtori.
moTxroba „ucnauri sofeli~(gv.111-131) probleme-
bis siRrmiTa da diapazoniT erT-erTi gamorCeulia.
igi teqnikuri evoluciis problemebs exeba da gvixa-
tavs im samwuxaro realobas, rom teqnologiuri gaZli-
erebis, sapirwoned, daCiavebuli da amoraluri adamia-
ni SegvrCa. erTi Wiqa zeTis damatebis, 18 wlamde robo-
tebis samuSaosagan gaTavisuflebisa da saswavleblad
gagzavnis, samuSao drois Semcirebis moTxovniT robo-
tebis gaficvas gaecnobiT moTxrobaSi „udao argumen-
tebi~(gv. 132-152). amave moTxrobaSi gaigebT amerika-ru-
seTis 2215 wlis urTierTobebs, sagalaqtiko (da ara sa-
erTaSoriso) kodeqsis muxlebsa da yvela droisaTvis

355
gamosadeg imperatiul maqsimas: yvelas da yvela viTa-
rebaSi xeli gaumarTeT, Torem samagiero ar daayov-
nebs. zemoT vTqvi, yvela moTxroba damoukidebeli
problemaa-meTqi da es marTlac asea, me yvela proble-
mis gaxsnaze ver visaubreb, amis arc adgilia(mxevelo-
baSi sagazeTo formati maqvs) da es Cems SesaZlebloba-
sac aRemateboda. Tanac „SeSlili profesoris~ momava-
li mkiTxvelis „xibls~ vufrTxildebi. Sevecade, Ziri-
Tadad Sinaarsze melaparaka, isic, zedapirulad. Tum-
ca, dabejiTebiT SemiZlia vTqva, rom es wigni Cvenc(di-
debmac) unda wavikiTxoT da bavSvebsac unda wavakiT-
xoT, gansakuTrebiT me-9 me-12 klasel bavSvebs, maTi
orientaciaa aucilebeli wignSi dasmul problemebze,
maTi cnobierebis damuxtvaa saWiro im ekologiuri,
ekonomikuri, socialuri, politikuri, zogadad fobi-
uri Tu momxveWluri problemebiT Cvens planetas rom
sWirs. planetas, romlis birTvad moazrebul homocen-
tristuli miswrafebebiT gaTamamebul adamians Svela
sWirdeba. Svela im siSmagisgan, Tavis Tavs rom moutana
adamianma da romelic ase mometebuli suicidis erT-
erTi mniSvnelovani mizezTagania (rogorc Cans, mTlad
usafuZvlo ar unda iyos e.w. „radikaluri ekologebis~
mosazrebebi, romlis mixedviTac Tavad adamiani unda
gadaSendes, rom gadarCes planeta). paata Caganavas
moTxrobebi amgvari adamianis saSvelad warmarTuli
fiqria. igi, Taviseburi, me vityodi, sakmaod origina-
luri gziT cdilobs, gviCvenos Cveni(didebisTvis) ukve
araerTgzis gancdil problemaTa simwvave da Zirebi,
romlis gamosworebac (Tu ar davigvianeT! — esec avto-
ris paTosia), Cveni momdevno Taobebis saqmea, amitom
unda waikiTxon maT es wigni (vurCioT waikiTxon, cotac
rom davaZaloT, ara uSavs!), Tanac wignad unda waikiT-
xon da ara internetwignad. internetidan sxva Temebze

356
gadasvlis imdeni cduneba da Tavisuflebis saxeliT
imdengvari gamocdilebis SeZenis SesaZleblobaa, ba-
toni Caganavas moTxrobebis bolomde internetversiiT
CakiTxva da miT ufro, gaazreba saeWvod mimaCnia~.
grZnoba, emocia, Sesabamisi ganwyoba, xandaxan Se-
moparuli nostalgiac ki, romelic SemoTavazebul re-
cenziaSi ikiTxeba, aCvenebs recenziis avtoris metad
jansaR da gulwrfel damokidebulebasa da pozicias
axalgazrda mwerlisa da prozaikosisadmi, romelic
mwerlur niWTan erTad ekonomikuri sakiTxebiT dain-
teresebuli mecnier-mkvlevaricaa da leqciebs kiTxu-
lobs SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universitetSi. re-
cenzenti rogoradac saubrobs wignis Rirsebebsa da
siaxleebze, aseve ar erideba is mokrZalebuli rCevisa
da rekomendaciis micemasac, riTac vfiqrobT, kidev
ufro metad igrZnoba recenzentis saqmisadmi gul-
wrfeli damokidebuleba da jansaRi pozicia rogorc
avtorisadmi, aseve calkeuli moTxrobebiT warmoCeni-
li problematikisadmi. amiT mxolod recenzenti ar
imarjvebs da ar aRwevs mkiTxveli sazogadoebis mxri-
dan dadebiTi ganwyobis mopovebas, aramed Tavad axal-
gazrda mecnieri, mwerali da prozaikosi ufro meti
damajereblobiTa da msoflgancdiT mkvidrdeba imave
mkiTxvelebSi. `sasiamovnoa, roca wignSi Sens nacnob
adgilebsa da personaJebs xvdebi — baTumi, urexi, Caqvi,
barcxana, ilias Zegli, masTan gaSlili karvebiT, leR-
va, respublikuri saavadmyofo, Suaxevi, Subani, paata
aroSiZe, paata Caganava da sxva. sasiamovnoa, imitom,
rom am adgilebiT Senc ( mkiTxvelo) Tavs moTxrobebis
personaJad ganicdi. ramdenime survilic minda gavuzi-
aro baton paatas. batono paata, kargi iqneboda wigns
anotacia, Sesavali an winaTqma an raRac iseTi hqonoda,
winaswar informacias rom mogvawodebda wignis Sesaxeb.

357
sxvanairad, im TeatriviT gamovida, romelsac arc afi-
Sa aqvs, arc vestibiuli da pirdapir darbazSi, speqtak-
lze rom amoyof Tavs. batono paata, wignis garekanic
da TiToeuli moTxrobac saintereso naxatebiTaa ga-
formebuli. TiToeul moTxrobas, misi arsis gamomxat-
veli naxati axlavs. naxatebi gvexmareba azris gamota-
naSi. es SesaniSnavia da wigns Rirsebas hmatebs, magram
wignSi versad mivageni visia es naxatebi da davaskveni,
rom naxatebic Tqven gekuTvniT. e.i. xatavT kidec, vfiq-
rob, aranakleb saintereso naxatebi geqnebaT. wignSi
ratom arsad ar uTiTebT, rom naxatebic Tqvenia? mom-
devno gamocemaSi (mimaCnia, rom es aucileblad moxde-
ba) kargi iqneba, Tu Cems am rekomendaciebs gaiTvalis-
winebT, batono paata. avtori xasiaTdeba maRali eru-
diciiTa da emociiT, niWieria, bevri ufiqria, zogier-
Ti problemis detalebSic ki erkveva, uyvars adamiane-
bi, fantazia, baTumi, samyaro, Tavisi saqme. warmatebebi
vusurvoT baton paatas cxovrebasa da SemoqmedebaSi~.
warmodgenili literaturuli recenziis mizani Semoq-
medebiTi warmatebis, axali literaturuli simaRlee-
bis dalaSqvris keTili survilebia. arCeuli gza ki Se-
moqmedebiT winsvlasTan erTad mraval sirTuleebsac
ar gamoricxavs xolme, rac SesaniSnavad esmis recenzi-
is avtors.
profesor i. bibileiSvilis recenzia pedagogikis
mecnierebaTa doqtoris n. basilaZis wignze ` studen-
tTa aRzrdisa da ganaTlebis wyaro~ gazeTma `baTumis
universitetma~ 2010 wlis martSi miawoda mkiTxvelebs.
recenziis dasawyisSi saubaria nodar basilaZis nayo-
fier mTargmnelobiT moRvaweobaze. recenzenti das-
Zens, rom `igi Targmnis rusuli da germanuli enebidan
rogorc pedagogiur, ise mxatvrul nawarmoebebs. 2008
wels man zedized ori wigni gamoaqveyna — germaneli

358
mwerlebis iumoristuli moTxrobebis krebuli `musika
mezoblis oTaxidan~ (hans rosleris amave saxelwode-
bis moTxrobis mixedviT) da vasil suxomlinskis `weri-
lebi Svilebs~. es ukanaskneli faqtiurad meore qarTu-
li gamocemaa. nodar basilaZem 1996 wels Targmna da ga-
mosca vasil suxomlinskis `werilebi vaJiSvils~. axla
igi Seavso qaliSvilisadmi miwerili werilebis Targma-
nebiT da mkiTxvels SesTavaza saxelwodebiT `werilebi
Svilebs~.
rogorc Sesavlidan irkveva recenzenti wignis av-
toris Sesaxeb aseT xazgasmas Segnebulad mimarTavs da
mkiTxveli sazogadoebis yuradRebas amaxvilebs avto-
ris mTargmnelobiT moRvaweobaze, riTac Tavidanve
efeqtursa da sainteresos xdis mTargmnelis litera-
turul gemovnebas, anu mkiTxvels wignis wasakiTxad
Tavidanve ganawyobs. Semdgom recenzenti uSualod
wignis avtors gvixasiaTebs oriod sityviT, riTac
surs gviTxras, rom mTargmnelis mier SerCeuli wigni
aris saintereso, mniSvnelovani da Tanamedrove cxov-
rebis metad saWirboroto sakiTxebs exeba. saTqmelis
am formiT gamoxatvis mniSvneloba imaSi mdgomareobs,
rom recenzenti amarTlebs saTargmni wignis mimarT
mTargmnelis jansaR damokidebulebas da mkiTxveleb-
sac agrZnobinebs rom arCevani, romelic mTargmnelma
gaakeTa, jansaRia, droulia da saintereso: `vasil su-
xomlinski novatori, moazrovne pedagogi iyo. is ga-
mudmebiT eZiebdaaramarto axal ideebs, aramed aseve am
axali ideebis safuZvelze wamoWrili problemebis ga-
dawyvetis formebsa da meTodebs. maT Soris dRes gan-
sakuTrebiT Zvirfasia CvenTvis saubrisa da darwmune-
bis meTodebi. v. suxomlinski Tavs ki ar gvaxvevs Tavis
mosazrebebs, aramed saubrobs mkiTxvelTan da Sinagani
simarTlis wyalobiT darwmunebis did Zalas warmo-

359
Sobs. amis gamo misi nawerebi udidesi popularobiT
sargeblobs mkiTxvelTa farTo wreebSi aramarto uk-
rainaSi, sadauric iyo igi, aramed msoflios mraval ci-
vilizebul qveyanaSi. amaze gansakuTrebiT metyvelebs
misi pedagogiuri naSromi `werilebi Svilebs~. `episto-
laruli Janris gamoyeneba aRzrdaSi axali ar aris, ag-
rZelebs recenzenti,-qarTveli mkiTxveli kargad ic-
nobs XVIII saukunis cnobili ingliseli moRvawis Ces-
terfildis (filip stenhofis naSroms) — `werilebi
Cems vaJs~ da mraval sxvas. magram TviT es epistolaru-
li forma aRmzrdelobiTi saubrebisa aris amouwuravi,
Tu pedagogi dajildoebulia fantaziisa da mxatvru-
li gemovnebis niWiT. vasil suxomlinski ki uxvad iyo
dajildoebuli am niWiT. misi wignebi `mSobelTa peda-
gogika~, `werilebi Svilebs~ da sxva klasikuri nimuSia
pedagogikuri ideebis mxatvrul-publicisturi for-
miT gadmocemisa. `werilebi Svilebs~ umaRlesi skolis
pedagogikis Camoyalibebis warmatebul cdas warmoad-
gens vasil suxomlinskis memkvidreobaSi. am werilebis
mTavari Rirseba aris is, rom TiToeuli werili eZRvne-
ba erT mTavar zneobriv mxares-saTnoebas~.Semdgom re-
cenzenti naTargmni wignis Sinaarsobriv analizze ga-
dadis da ganixilavs werilebis serias cal-calke. gav-
yveT dinamikas, sadac sainteresod warmoCndeba TiToe-
uli werilis yvelaze saintereso detali, romelic
mTargmnelma gansakuTrebuli siTboTi gamoyo da xazi
gausva: `pirvel werilSi (sul 30 werilia vaJiSvilisad-
mi), rogorc mosalodneli iyo, avtors unda ganesaz-
Rvra Tavisi naSromis Janri, ratom mimarTavs pedagogi-
uri ideebis gadmosacemad piradi werilebis formas.
`...yoveldRiuri Sromis fusfusSi, — wers igi Svils, —
ver movaxerxe, momeTxro SenTvis yovelive amis Sesaxeb.
misi damaxsovreba ki SenTvis saWiroa. me imasve gimeo-

360
reb, rac mamaCemma damariga. man ki miTxra: ar daiviwyo
vin da visi `gorisa xar~. ar daiviwyo, rom Cveni Ziria
mSromeli xalxi, miwa, wmidaTawmida puri~. Semdeg amas
moyveba ganmarteba im zneobrivi saTnoebisa, rasac
mSromeli xalxis, mSobliuri miwis siyvaruli da wmida-
Tawmida purisadmi pativiscema hqvia. `Cvens enaSi aseu-
li aTasobiT sityvaa, — wers v. suxomlinski, — magram
pirvel adgils me sam maTgans mivaniWebdi: purs, Sro-
mas, xalxs. am sam fuZezea daSenebuli Cveni saxelmwifo.
mama student Svils Rrmad STaagonebs, rom `vinc ar
icis, ra aris puri da Sroma, is ar aris eris Svili...
vinc ar icis, ra aris ofli da daRla, is puris fassac
ver gaigebs~. recenziis avtorisaTvis mTavaria TiToe-
uli werili kompoziciuri TvalsazrisiTac , rom `yve-
la danarCeni werili Sedgenili — Teoriuli mosazre-
bidan praqtikuli rCeva-darigebebis CamoyalibebiT,
rac avtoris Segonebebs cocxal pedagogiur procesad
aqcevs. meore werili adamianis sakuTari rwmenis Camo-
yalibebas eZRvneba, romlis gareSec, v. suxomlinskis
azriT, adamiani Cvari da araraobaa. `raki darwmunebu-
li xar, rom Sen Tvalwin boroteba xdeba, — wers igi va-
JiSvils, — dae, Seni guli yvirodes amaze. ibrZole bo-
rotebis winaaRmdeg, ibrZole WeSmaritebis gamarjve-
bisaTvis... sjobs mokvde, vidre uari Tqva rwmenaze... va-
JiSvilisadmi miweril meaTe werilSi vasil suxomlin-
ski saubrobs studentisaTvis aucilebel Rirsebebsa
da Tvisebebze. mama SeSfoTebulia, rom Wabukobis
wlebSi adamiani mets swavlobs, vidre fiqrobs. fiqris
uunarobas igi udides danakargad Tvlis. kidev meti, am
unaris dakargva adamianSi sulier sicarieles, siRari-
bes iwvevs da rogorc ojaxi, ise saswavlebeli ar unda
urigdebodes am sicarieles. werilis avtori amasTan
dakavSirebiT adresats Seaxsenebs: `me ukve gwerdi, ro-

361
ca leqtors usmen, wigns an samecniero literaturas
kiTxulob, unda gaiazro, Caufiqrde ideas, Sens Segne-
baSi unda aago codnis karkasi. es ideebi SenTvis wmida-
Tawmidad mxolod maSin iqceva, roca samyaros Secnobi-
sas, mecnierul WeSmaritebebs Seufardeb sakuTar
Tavs, Sens beds, sakuTar pirovnebas~. recenzenti aseve
amaxvilebs yuradRebas amave naSromis meore mxareze:
`Svils werilebs wers ara mxolod mama, aramed Svilic
wers mamas werilebs da mxars ubams cxovrebiseul mov-
lenebze gonier saubarSi. ase magaliTad, vaJiSvilisad-
mi ocdameaTe werili ase iwyeba: `gamarjoba, sayvarelo
Svilo! mTxov, gipasuxo sam kiTxvaze: 1. rogori iqneba
momavlis adamiani? ra Tvisebebi mimaCnia yvelaze mniS-
vnelovnad momavlis adamianSi? 2. romel zneobriv
nakls vTvli amJamad yvelaze ufro saSiSad da Seuwyna-
reblad? 3. ra mimaCnia yvelaze seriozul naklad mo-
zardi Taobis aRzrdaSi?~ recenzenti yuradRebas amax-
vilebs dasmul kiTxvebze mamis mier gacemul pasuxebze
da ayalibebs saintereso ideebs. magaliTad, rogori iq-
neba momavlis adamiani? `momavlis adamiani, Cemi azriT,
uwinares yovlisa, unda iyos keTili. adamianuri grZno-
ba, adamianebTan urTierTobis sulieri moTxovnileba,
Rrmad daintereseba imiT, rom yoveli adamiani, yoveli
Tanamemamule iyos sulierad mdidari, moralurad
wminda, Wkviani, Sromismoyvare... — ai, Cemi azriT, is Zi-
riTadi Tvisebebi, rac unda axasiaTebdes momavlis ada-
mians~. Tu kargad davukvirdebiT, v. suxomlinskis mo-
azrebuli momavlis adamiani Cvens Soris aris, Tumca
maTi ricxvi cotaa, magram Tu maT mivbaZavT, bevri gav-
xvdebiT. kiTxvaze `romel nakls TvliT yvelaze ufro
Seuwynareblad?~ suxomlinski pasuxobs: `adamianisadmi
gulgril damokidebulebas da sisastikes~. aseve ori-
ginalurad pasuxobs suxomlinski mesame kiTxvaze: `yve-

362
laze seriozuli nakli axalgazrdobis aRzrdaSi, Cemi
azriT, aris imis daviwyeba, rom dRevandeli bavSvi xval
didi adamiani gaxdeba. bevri mSobeli da pedagogi
bavSvs ise epyroba, TiTqos es ukanaskneli mudam aseTad
darCeba, Semdeg, roca igi colis SerTvis survils ga-
moTqvams, mSoblebi gaocdebian da ityvian: ver gavigeT,
rodis gaizardao~... sainteresoa wignis meore nawilSi
moTavsebuli qaliSvilisadmi miwerili eqvsiode weri-
li, romelic xazgasmaa saTnoebaze, romelic pirovne-
bis sulier struqturaSi maradiul Rirebulebad iT-
vleba da sruliad gansxvavebuli problemebiT iqcevs
yuradRebas. `pirveli werilic im TemiT iwyeba, romel-
sac gansakuTrebuli adgili uWiravs qalis cxovrebaSi.
es Tema siyvarulia. 14 wlis qaliSvili mamas swers: `ma-
mi, ra aris siyvaruli?~ mama pasuxis gacemas cota Sori-
dan iwyebs: `dRes Sen ToTxmeti weli Segisrulda da im
zRvars gadaabije, romlis iqiT qali ibadeba... Cemi gu-
li aCqarebiT scems imis gamo, rom dRes velaparakebi
ara patara bavSvs, aramed — ukve qals. bednieri iyav,
Svilo, am zRvars rom gadaabije. bednieri ki maSin iqne-
bi, Tu Wkvianurad moiqcevi. ...amieridan, Cemo gogoni,
Cemi werilebi Sendami iseTi aRar iqneba, rogorc aqam-
de iyo. Cemi idumali survilia, gadmogce is adamianuri
sibrZne, romelsac cxovrebis codna hqvia. minda, rom
yoveli Cemi mamobrivi sityvisagan, ise rogorc patara
marcvlisagan, izrdebodes Seni sakuTari Sexedulebe-
bisa da rwmenis ylortebi~. rogorc Cans, rom ityvian
komentari zedmetia, qaliSvilisadmi miZRvnil momdev-
no werilebSi gadmocemulia qal-vaJsa da col-qmars
Soris swori urTierTdamokidebulebis Cveneba, rome-
lic gamoricxavs yovelgvar uazro, qarafSutul moq-
medebas. `Tu siyvaruli sxva araferia, garda sqesobri-
vi Jinisa, — wers v. suxomlinski, — maSin colqmrul

363
cxovrebaSi saqme gveqneba mxolod bavSvebis gaCenis
unarTan. amisaTvis ki didi sibrZne araa saWiro, kruxic
gamoCeks xolme wiwilebs, es mas bunebam aswavla... mag-
ram Svilebi wiwilebi ar arian, xolo Tu maT badebs ise-
Ti arseba, romlis sibrZne kruxis sibrZnes ar scilde-
ba, maSin isini ubedurebi iqnebian~. recenzenti dasas-
ruls aRniSnavs, rom wignma — `werilebi Svilebs~ gauZ-
lo drois gamocdas. TiTqmis naxevari saukunis win da-
werili es wigni dResac popularulia mkiTxvelTa far-
To wreebSi da specialist-pedagogebs Soris,~ da xazs
usvams kidev erTxel mTargmnelis originalur niWsa da
literaturul gemovnebas: `v. suxomlinskis `werilebi
Svilebs~ mimzidvelad ikiTxeba qarTul enaze, rac, misi
Sinaarsisa da pedagogiuri ideebis cxovelmyofelo-
basTan erTad, ganpirobebulia mTargmnelis litera-
turuli gemovnebiTac. nodar basilaZe kargi qarTu-
liT Targmnis, sworad poulobs rusuli teqstis mi-
marT qarTul Sesatyvis formebs, Targmnis ara mxolod
Sinaarss, aramed adekvaturad gadmoaqvs avtoris su-
liskveTeba. sanimuSod migvaCnia Tundac am epizodis
Targmani: `warmoidgine keTilSobiluri qvis — marmari-
los natexi. ostat-skulptors SeuZlia am natexisagan
gamoaqandakos mSvenieri qmnileba — qvis yvavili, vardi,
romelic silamaziT ar Camouvardeba cocxal, surne-
lovan yvavils, namis wveTi rom hkidia da aisis aTinaTi
dahfenia. ostat-skulptori yvavils xedavs uformo,
lamaz, magram usicocxlo qvaSi. igi iwyebs gamoqandake-
bas, Sromobs, oflSi iwureba da ai, mkvdari materiis
siRrmidan inaskveba cocxali silamazis xelTuqmneli
mSvenierebis gamosaxuleba. es silamaze marmarilosa-
gan aris Seqmnili, magram marmarilo mkvdar, usicoc-
xlo qvis natexad rCeba manam, sanam mas ar Seexeba adami-
anis madliani xelebi, adamianis Sinagani silamaziT, mi-

364
si niWiT zeSTagonebuli xelebi. ai, am zeSTagonebul
xelebSia adamianuri siyvarulis Zala~.
recenzentis mizani v.suxomlinskis wignze `weri-
lebi Svilebs~, romelic, rogorc aRiniSna, Zalian kar-
gad aris Targmnili qarTul enaze, aris is, rom igi
guldasmiT unda waikiTxos dedam, mamam, Svilebma, aR-
mzrdelebma, saSualo da umaRlesi saswavleblebis pe-
dagogebma, studentebma — yvelam, visac didi xania ar
waukiTxavs, `imitom, rom es wigni gvaswavlis cxovrebas
da cxovrebisaTvis axalgazrdobis momzadebis bevr sa-
idumlos.~

literatura:

1. `baTumis universiteti~ 2013 — 09, №7

2. „aWara~2015 - 23 Tebervli, №-155
3. `baTumis universiteti~ 2010 - 03, №3

kinorecenzia

kinoxelovneba leqsikonSi asea ganmartebuli:

(berZn. kineo — „vmoZraob~) — `vizualuri xelovnebis
dargi, romlis nawarmoebebi iqmneba realuri, insceni-
rebuli an multiplikaciis saSualebebiT Seqmnili mov-
lenebis Sesaxeb. kinoxelovneba gaCnda me-20 saukuneSi,
romlis koncefcia aris Sav-TeTri an feradi „moZravi
naxatebis~ proecireba ekranze. kinoxelovnebaSi xdeba
literaturis, Teatris da saxviTi xelovnebisa da musi-
kis sinTezi misTvis damaxasiaTebeli gamoxatvis saSua-
lebebiT, romelTagan umTavresia kinogamosaxulebis

365
fotografiuli buneba da montaJi. xelovnebis es dargi
TiTqmis mTlianad aris damokidebuli teqnikur ganvi-
Tarebaze, maT Soris fotografiebis moZraobis, proeq-
cirebis, gaxmovanebis, kinofirebis damuSavebisa da gam-
JRavnebis teqnologiebze. kinoxelovneba ganuyoflad
aris dakavSirebuli kinoindustriasTan, romelic
awarmoebs kinoaparaturas, gadasaReb, gadamamravle-
bel, sademonstracio da sxva teqnologiur mowyobi-
lobebs. kinoxelovnebisa da kinoindustriis erTobli-
obas kinematografia ewodeba~(1-1).  didia kinoxelovne-
bis roli sazogadoebaSi. adamianebi gamorCeuli inte-
resiT uyureben maTTvis saintereso filmebs da amde-
nad, romelime kinofilmis Sesaxeb kvalificiurad da-
weril recenzias gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs.
dReisaTvis kinoxelovneba Tanamedrove mecnierul-
teqnikuri progresis pirobebSi erTgvarad `xelmisaw-
vdomi~ gaxda da momravlda mdare xarisxis filmebi, Se-
sabamisad momravldnen saeWvo Rirebulebis scenaris-
tebi, ramac kidev ufro mniSvnelovani gaxada kinore-
cenziebis aucilebloba, kompetenturoba da droulo-
ba. kargad, maRalprofesionalur doneze dawerili re-
cenzia, piruTvneli, obieqturi, samarTliani Cveneba
imisa, Tu razea saubari filmSi, ra dadebiTi tendenci-
ebi SeiniSneba da ra gviCvena reJisorma axali filmiT,
am yvelafris axsna gzas gadauketavs da gamijnavs er-
TmaneTisagan sicruesa da simarTles, mTavarsa da meo-
rexarisxovans. filmis sulisCamdgmeli, rogorc vi-
ciT, reJisoria, romlis niWiereba da esTetikuri
mrwamsi faqtiurad gansazRvravs filmis samomavlo
beds, magram mayureblisaTvis mTavari mainc msaxiobia,
misi saSemsruleblo xelovneba, grZnoba, gancda, emo-
cia pirdapir aisaxeba ekranze, romelsac mayurebeli

366
ise xedavs da aRiqvams, rogorc pirads, sakuTars. swo-
red msaxioburi niWis safuZvelze xdeba avtoritetu-
li, misabaZi da samagaliTo filmis gmiri, an piriqiT.
filmi ar aris mxolod arc msaxiobi. is erTdroulad
musikacaa, ferTa aRqmac da operatoris xelovnebac.
amdenad sinTezi, Serwyma sxvadasxva xelovnebisa imde-
nad didia, marTlac didi pasuxismgebloba eniWeba ki-
norecenziis avtors saTqmeli ise Tqvas da gamoxatos,
rogorc films ekadreba da imsaxurebs. nebismieri sa-
xis filmebze — mxatvruli, samecniero-popularuli,
dokumenturi, saTavgadasavlo, kriminaluri, sportu-
li, multiplikaciuri, da a.S. TiToeul maTganze dawe-
rili recenziebis TaviseburebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT,
anu sxvadasxva saxis filmebis specifikis gaTvaliswi-
nebiT xdeba maTi Sefaseba. sxva mxvriv yvela kinorecen-
ziis winaSe dasaxuli amocanebi saerToa. unda aRvniS-
noT, rom Tanamedrove beWdur mediaSi arc Tu xSiria
kinorecenziebi, sadac amomwuravad iqneba gacemuli pa-
suxi kiTxvebze, Tu ramdenad upasuxebs gansaxilveli
nawarmoebi ZiriTad princips, ramdenad realisturad
asaxavs igi sinamdviles, rogoria saSemsruleblo done
da a.S. cnobilia, rom bolo periodis satelevizio ga-
dacemebSi momravlda sxvadasxva Janris satelevizio
dadgmebi da teleserialebi, romelTac mayurebelTa
didi raodenoba miizida. e.w. maskulturam sazogadoe-
bis did nawilze mniSvnelovani zemoqmedeba moaxdina
da Sesabamisad ganawyo kidec sazogadoebrivi azri. aR-
niSnulma garemoebam warmoSva imis aucilebloba, rom
satelevizio dadgmebsa da serialebze gamoiTqvas dar-
gis eqspertTa azri. amitomac sadReisod metad mniS-
vnelovania iseTi recenziebi, romlebic logikurad Se-
esabamebian realobasa da sinamdviles, aCveneben im sir-
Tuleebs, Tu risi gamowvevac SeuZliaT aseT filmebs.

367
marTalia sarecenziod asarCev nawarmoebTa dargobri-
vi odenoba Zalian didia, da swored recenziebis saxee-
bi swored am dargebis mixedviT gamoiyofa, magram spe-
cialistebma Tavi unda gaarTvan am sirTuleebs, ro-
melTac ufro meti sirTuleebis gamowveva SeuZliaT
masobriv auditoriaze. mkiTxvels ar unda uWirdes
ganxilvis obieqtis specifikis Sesabamisad dawerili
recenziebis av-kargianobaSi garkveva, radgan TiToeu-
li maTgani sakuTari specifikis gaTvaliswinebiT Sesa-
bamis sazogadoebriv azrs amkvidrebs. magaliTisaTvis
movitanT gazeT `kviris palitraSi~ (04-03-2013) dabeW-
dil publikacias `naxeT! gazafxulidan grandiozuli
premiera palitra TV-ze `ezeli~ — specialurad Cveni
mayureblisTvis. sagazeTo publikaciaSi avtori eka
lomiZe acnobs sazogadoebas, rom `gazafxulidan `pa-
litra TV~ gansakuTrebiT saintereso gaxdeba seriale-
bis moyvarulTaTvis, — martidan eTerSi gava maRalrei-
tinguli da maRalbiujetiani Turquli seriali `eze-
li~ (`samaradiso~). vfiqrobT, iseve rogorc mravali
qveynis mayurebelSi, filmi qarTvelebSic did inte-
ress gamoiwvevs~. werilis dasawyisSive avtori xazgas-
miT aRniSnavs `maRalreitinguli da maRalbiujetiani~
Turquli seriali `ezeli~- (`samaradiso~)-filmis Sesa-
xeb da mkiTxvelic Sesabamisad elodeba am filmis Sesa-
xeb saubris gagrZelebas. publikaciis avtori meore
abzacidanve axali filmis siuJets adarebs cnobili
klasikosi mwerlis aleqsandre diumas cnobil nawar-
moebs `graf monte-kristos~: `ezelis~ siuJeti Zalian
hgavs aleqsandre diumas cnobil nawarmoeb `graf mon-
te-kristos~. `movlenebi kviprosis Turqul nawilSi,
Tanamedrove TurqeTSi viTardeba, sadac mTavari gmiri
uaxloesi adamianebisgan miyenebuli tkivilis mosaSu-

368
Seblad da Suris saZieblad ibrZvis~. ambisa Tu movle-
nis gadmocemis aseTi stili dainteresebul mayure-
belSi yovelTvis aRZravs interess filmis naxvis auci-
leblobisa, romelic erTgvarad `nawil-nawil~ gadmo-
cemuli saintereso epizodebis damsaxurebaa. gemovne-
biani mkiTxvelisaTvis ar unda iyos rTulad gasagebi
is epizodi, rodesac publikaciis avtori axal films
cnobil `grafi monte kristos~ adarebs. `filmi ramde-
nime mizezis gamo ar hgavs Cveulebriv teleserialebs,
aRniSnavs avtori — `miuxedavad imisa, rom popularuli
nawarmoebis siuJeti aqvs, ar aris frangi grafis cxov-
rebis ganmeoreba da ar jdeba `sapnis operis~ CarCoSi~.
mkiTxvels ukve warmodgenili aqvs, rom recenziis av-
tors filmi nanaxi aqvs da amaSi is kidev ufro darwmun-
deba werilis Semdegi abzacidan: `uaxlesi teqnologie-
biT Seqmnili kinoproduqcia saukeTeso SemoqmedebiT-
ma jgufma gadaiRo, rac Turqul kinofestivalebze sa-
ukeTesod aRiares da mravali jildoc gadasces~. aq
publikaciis avtori Segnebulad amaxvilebs yuradRe-
bas filmis gadamRebi jgufis maRal ostatobasa da
aRierebaze, raTa mkiTxvelma da mayurebelma erTbaSad
igrZnos, dainaxos da ganewyos filmis sanaxavad. fil-
mis gadamReb jgufze mokled saubris Semdgom werilis
avtori mTavari rolebis saSemsrulebleblo xelovne-
bis maRal ostatobaze esaubreba mkiTxvelebs: `aRsa-
niSnavia, rom filmis mTavari rolebis Semsruleblebi
msoflios sxvadasxva qveyanaSi saocrad popularule-
bi arian. serialis mTavari gmiria omeri — axalgazrda,
romelsac Seyvarebuli hyavs da apirebs armiidan dab-
runebis Semdeg iqorwinos. movlenebi ki tragikulad
viTardeba. omers mkvlelobis gamo apatimreben. mogvia-
nebiT irkveva, rom mis winaaRmdeg saxifaTo TamaSi wa-

369
moiwyes megobarma gogonam da saukeTeso megobrebma.
omeri cixeSi Tanasaknelis fsiqologiuri gavlenis
Semdeg sakuTar TavSi klavs adamians, romelic patim-
robamde sicocxliT xarobda da SurisZiebis sastik
gzas irCevs. borotebis wil boroteba — es misi mTavari
samoqmedo motivia. is daundobeli xdeba, Tumca, es ar
aris omeris saboloo saxe~... recenziis avtors kargad
esmis, rom mxolod filmze saubari bolomde momgebia-
ni ver iqneba, miT umetes Tu is sxva qveyanaSia gadaRe-
buli. am SemTxvevaSi sazogadoebisaTvis sainteresoa
xazgasma ama Tu im qveynis (sadac gadaRebulia filmi)
kulturul faseulobebze, tradiciebze, cxovrebis
wesze da a.S. amitomac agrZelebs: `ezeli~ aris filmi,
sadac sainteresod aris warmoCenili Tanamedrove da
Zveli Turquli tradiciebi, sazogadoebis saxe, cxov-
rebis wesi... 2011 wlidan saerTaSoriso bazarze gamoCe-
nilma serialma uamravi qveynis mayurebeli daatyveva
da rac mTavaria, Turquli kinos da serialebis mimarT
gansakuTrebuli interesi gaaCina~. recenzenti publi-
kaciis dasasrul filmis mTavari rolis Semsrulebel-
Ta biografiul monacemebsac debs, riTac kidev er-
Txel aRZravs am TemiT dainteresebul adamianTa inte-
ress da ganawyobs maT Sesabamisi gancdebiT: ` mTavari
rolis Semsrulebelia kenan imirzali oRlu. mas Tur-
qeTSi `varskvlavad dabadebuls~ uwodeben. Tumca, aRi-
arebamde didi gza da bevri Sroma dasWirda. 1974 wlis
18 ivniss ankaraSi dabadebuli msaxiobi `ezelamde~
cnobili iyo rogorc modeli. SesaniSnavi garegnuli
monacemebis wyalobiT uamrav reklamaSi gadaiRes da
saukeTeso modelis statusiT podiumis `Turqul saz-
Rvrebsac~ male gascda. 1999 wels pirvel serialSi ga-

370
daiRes, rasac srulmetraJian mxatvrul filmebSi miw-
vevebic mohyva, magram gamarjvebis piki `ezeli~ aRmoC-
nda — swored am serialma moutana aRiareba, kenani
`ezelma~ kinovarskvlavad aqcia. arada, jer kidev pata-
ra biWi ocnebobda, maTematikis maswavlebeli gamxdari-
yo da samodelo saagentoebsac im imediT mimarTa, rom
ufro iolad SeZlebda sasurveli umaRlesi ganaTle-
bis misaRebad fulis Sovnas. filmSi omeris megobari
gogonas, eiSanis rols mSvenieri jansu dere asrulebs.
kenanisa da jansus kariera erTmaneTisas hgavs da gan-
sxvavdeba kidec. jansu ukve 33 wlis xdeba. profesiiT
arqeologia. modelobaze arc ufiqria, magram mSvenier
students jer kidev swavlisas daadges Tvali samode-
lo saagentoebma, roca universitetis silamazis kon-
kursSi gaimarjva. amas mohyva 2000 wels saerTaSoriso
silamazis konkursze warmateba da gzac gaixsna Turqe-
Tis, parizisa da milanis podiumebze. `ezeli~ jansus-
Tvisac triumfis momtani aRmoCnda~. recenziis dasas-
ruls recenzenti erTgvari niSnis mogebiT mimarTavs
mkiTxvelsa da mayurebels, rom naTqvamis sisworeSi
darwmundebiT maSin, rodesac films ekranebze Tavad
naxavTo. aseTi mowodeba momgebiania, da met interess
iwvevs filmisadmi. recenziis dasasruls, recenzenti
kidev ufro met cecxls, emociasa da ganwyobas debs:
`maS ase, asjer gagonils erTxel nanaxi sjobso da ga-
zafxulidan naxeT grandiozuli premiera `palitra
TV~-ze~. kinorecenziis kargi magaliTia gazeT `kviris
palitraSi~, 21-02-2011, gamoqveynebuli merab metreve-
lis sagazeTo publikacia `esec Cveni mogebuli omi.~
am magaliTis moyvanisas Cven SesaZlebelia davsZinoT
mxolod erTi: recenziis avtori, sakmaod mkacrad, miu-

371
kerZoeblad, obieqturad, samarTlianad ganixilavs
films, romlis Sesaxebac masobrivma mayurebelma sru-
lad ar icis, radganac yvelas jer kidev ar unaxavs is.
miuxedavad amisa sazogadoebaSi gansxvavebuli Sexedu-
lebebi gaCnda, arsebobs sxvadasxvagvari mosazrebebi
ara mxolod filmis, aramed sakuTriv filmis avtoris
Sesaxebac. Cven viziarebT im azrs, rom simarTle sazo-
gadoebam unda icodes da es simarTle vinmem unda mo-
uTxros sazogadoebas. vfiqrobT, merab metrevelis es
gadawyvetileba saukeTeso gamosavalia aseT situacia-
Si, danarCens dro gansjis da gansazRvravs kidec. swo-
red dro-istoria gamoutans ganaCens yvelasa da yvela-
fers da kuTvnil adgilsac miuCens. es iseTi Temaa, rom
msgavs mtkivneul sakiTxebze gansakuTrebuli aqcenti
arc erTi mxarisaTvis momgebiani araa da arc arasdros
iqneba. amitom didi sifrTxile gvmarTebs yvelas, vinc
msgavsi sakiTxebiT davinteresdebiT da uapelaciod,
yovelgvari axsna-ganmartebis gareSe afiSirebas Sevec-
debiT. msoflio istoriaSi amgvar qcevebsa da damoki-
debulebebs arc erTi qveynisaTvis ar moutania sarge-
beli, arc qveynisaTvis da arc konkretuli pirisaTvis,
mniSvneloba ara aqvs ramdenad cnobadi iyo esa Tu is
pirovneba. pirvel rigSi unda gvaxsovdes: saxelmwifo-
ebrivi interesi erovnul interesebze unda gadiodes,
pirovnuli interesi ki adamianTa Soris pativiscemis,
Tanadgomis, megobrobisa da TanamSromlobis saukeTe-
so niWi da gamoxatuleba unda iyos. sxvanairad kacob-
rioba bednieri ver iqneba. swored amitomac gadavwyvi-
teT xsenebuli recenziis sruli saxiT, yovelgvari ko-
mentaris gareSe dabeWdva. `am kviraSi internetsivrce-
Si gamoCnda Jurnalist vaxtang komaxiZis filmi `esec
Cveni mogebuli omi~, romelmac sazogadoebis nawilSi
didi agresia gamoiwvia. am filmis naxvis Semdeg ambo-

372
ben, rom maTTvis kidev ufro sarwmuno gaxda vaxtang
komaxiZis agentoba, rom is moRalatea, es filmi swored
ruseTis dakveTiT gadaiRo da is arc erTma televiziam
ar unda gauSvas. me namdvilad ar vici, aris Tu ara vax-
tang komaxiZe vinmes agenti da arc am Temaze vapireb
msjelobas. minda uSualod filmze visaubro. Tavidan-
ve vityvi, rom ver daveTanxmebi mosazrebas, es filmi
televiziebma ar unda aCvenono. raRacis damalvas da
akrZalvas Sedegi arasdros moaqvs, es gamosavali ar
aris. Cemi azriT, es filmi qarTvelma xalxma aucileb-
lad unda naxos. es ar niSnavs imas, rom filmi momwons,
magram vfiqrob, im kuTxiT, ra kuTxiTac komaxiZem ag-
vistos omi gaaSuqa, saqarTveloSi viRacas unda gaeSu-
qebina. konfliqtis dros ar arsebobs erTi simarTle.
yvela mxares Tavisi simarTle aqvs da Cven aucileblad
unda vicodeT, rogoria osebis simarTle, Tu gvinda
odesme es konfliqti mSvidobianad movagvaroT. Tumca
mivyveT TanamimdevrobiT: Tu fiqrobT, rom osebi `mas
Semdeg, rac gagvikeTes~ amosawyveti arian da isini qar-
Tvelma xalxma unda gaanadguros (ase bevri fiqrobs),
maSin SegiZliaT es statia ar waikiTxoT. Tu Tqven imas
mainc fiqrobT, rom yvelas da miT umetes, mTeli xal-
xis erT qvabSi moxarSva ar SeiZleba, maSin kiTxva ganag-
rZeT. filmi qarTul-osuri konfliqtis istoriiT iw-
yeba da aqcenti qarTuli mxaris Secdomebzea gakeTebu-
li. filmSi oTxi respondentia: boris CoCievi, ufleba-
damcveli lera cxovrebova, romelic dediT qarTve-
lia, paata zaqareiSvili da eduard SevardnaZe. yvela
respondenti, maT Soris — paata zaqareiSvilic, ZiriTa-
dad, Cvens Secdomebze laparakobs: rom SeiZleboda am

373
konfliqtis Tavidan acileba, rom davaSaveT, osebs rom
ar movusmineT da vdevnidiT maT eTnikur niadagze. za-
qareiSvili ixsenebs, rogor gaagdes qarelis erT-erTi
skolidan erTi qali mxolod imis gamo, rom osi iyo. am
dros ki is skolaSi qarTul enasa da literaturas as-
wavlida. filmSi laparakia imazec, rom Secdoma iyo er-
gneTis bazrobis daxurva. CoCievis TqmiT, ergneTis
bazroba rom arc yofiliyo, qarTul mxares is unda ga-
moegonebinao. Semdeg ganxilulia saakaSvilis mcdelo-
ba sanakoevis mTavrobis Camoyalibebisa da kampania `ko-
koiTi fandarasti~. dRes am kampaniis kadrebs rom uyu-
reb, Cveni xelisufleba Zalian sasacilo geCveneba.
filmis ZiriTad nawilSi aRwerilia uSualod omis dRe-
ebi, oRond mxolod osuri mxaris mier danaxuli. Ziri-
Tadi mTxrobeli cxinvaleli uflebadamcveli lera
cxovrebovaa, romelic gviambobs, rogor dabombes qar-
Tvelebma qalebiTa da bavSvebiT savse cxinvali, rogor
naxa amowyvetili osuri ojaxi, saidanac mxolod babua
gadarCa, romlis winac ewyo damwvari gvamebi: Svilis,
rZlisa da sami bavSvis; ambobs, rom qarTveli jariska-
cebi saxlebis sardafebSi brmad yridnen xelyumbarebs
da isrodnen tankebidan, Semdeg naCvenebia qarTveli
jariskacebis mier mobiluri telefonebiT gadaRebu-
li kadrebi, rogor daqrian tankebiT qalaqis quCebSi.
ismis, rogor iZleva meTauri brZanebas: `dawviT saxle-
bi!~, `airCieT saxli, esroleT erTi-ori da gza ganag-
rZeT!~ da a. S. am kadrebis fonze hyveba cxovrebova, ro-
gor poulobdnen qarTveli jariskacebis mier afeTqe-
bul manqanebs, romlebsac qarTvelebi tankebiT Wylet-
dnen. amis gamo mere osebs imis garCevac ki uWirdaT,
ramdeni kaci iyo daRupuli, radgan yvela gvami erTma-

374
neTSi iyo azelili. Tumca, lera cxovrebova iqve ixse-
nebs im SemTxvevebsac, roca qarTveli jariskacebi Rir-
seulad iqceodnen. magaliTad, xeTagurovoSi Turme
misi ori naTesavi qali imaleboda erT saxlSi. misula
erTi qarTveli tankisti (Turme TqvenobiT elaparake-
boda) da uTqvams: 15-20 wuTi gaqvT, rom aqauroba dato-
voT, Torem Cven ukan sxva nawili modis da me pasuxs ver
vagebo. cxovrebova aseve hyveba, rogor Cavida erTi
qarTveli jariskaci saxlis sardafSi, sadac mxolod
qalebi da bavSvebi yofilan, aniSna, Cumad iyaviTo da
sxva jariskacebi sardafSi aRar CauSvia. cxovrebova
ambobs, rom miuxedavad aseTi faqtebisa, osebs qarTve-
lebma iseTi simware anaxes, saqarTvelos xelisufle-
basTan dialogis dawyeba warmoudgeneliao. cxovrebo-
va hyveba imis Sesaxebac, Tu rogor naxa ori dRis Semdeg
upatronod miyrili qarTveli jariskacebis gvamebi da
damwvari qarTuli saxlebi. am yvelafers Tan axlavs
kadrebi, sadac qarTveli jariskacebis gvamebi Cans.
filmis bolo nawilSi, romelsac `omis Sedegebi~ hqvia,
naCvenebia qarTveli tyveebi — nacemi qarTveli jaris-
kacebi, romlebsac qarTulad agineben, amcireben; na-
xavT pirtitvela rezervists, romelsac rusebi meTau-
ris gvaris dasaxelebas sTxoven, is ki tiris da ganwi-
ruli yviris, rom ar icis. naxavT sulisSemZvrel kad-
rebs, rogor acekveben qarTvel tyveebs miwaze gafenil
saqarTvelos droSaze. filmi 12 agvistos TbilisSi ga-
marTuli mitingis kadrebiTa da saakaSvilis gamosvliT
mTavrdeba, sadac ambobs, rom qarTvel ers veravin daa-
marcxebs. Semdeg Cndeba Savi foni da ismis saakaSvilis
sicili.

375
Tu am films obieqturad ganvixilavT, is kritikas ver
uZlebs, radgan ar aris naCvenebi meore simarTle — qar-
Tvelebis. arc osuri bandformirebebisa da rusuli
jaris sisastikea naxsenebi, arc dabombili qarTuli qa-
laqebi da gadamwvari qarTuli soflebi. magram aqve un-
da vikiTxoT, ra iyo avtoris mizani, rodesac am films
iRebda? aSkaraa, rom misi mizani balansisa da obieqtu-
robis dacva sulac ar yofila. paata zaqareiSvili
filmSi ambobs: `Cven unda vicodeT ara marto is, ra
moxda qarTul qalaq gorSi, aramed isic, ra moxda sa-
qarTvelos qalaq cxinvalSi~. Tu es aris filmis mizani,
anu Tu avtorma gadawyvita, osebisa da rusebis sisasti-
keze isedac bevri filmi da siuJeti gadaviReT qarTve-
lebma da axla droa, Cvens Secdomebze, danaSaulsa da
sisastikezec vilaparakoTo da swored amitom gadaiRo
calmxrivi filmi, maSin SeiZleba mas axsna movuZebnoT.
Tumca piradad me veranair axsnas ver vuZebni filmis
paToss. avtori aSkarad niSns ugebs saakaSvils, filmis
saTauric (`esec Cveni mogebuli omi~) da filmis dasas-
rulic, sadac saakaSvilis sicili ismis, aSkarad niSnis
mogebis efeqts tovebs. aseTi filmis mizani SeiZleba
iyos erTi mxaris simarTlis garkveva, magram aseTi Te-
miT viRacisTvis niSnis mogeba gaumarTleblad meCvene-
ba. es ar aris Jurnalistis saqme. da kidev erTi: rode-
sac komaxiZe damcirebul qarTvel tyveebs aCvenebda,
aucileblad unda daefara im biWebis saxeebi, maT xom
ojaxebi hyavT?! dasasrul vityvi: mxolod am filmis
gamo misi avtoris moRalated Seracxva gaumarTleb-
lad meCveneba. SegviZlia vilaparakoT filmis sust mxa-
reebze, gavakritikoT, magram filmis calmxrivobis ga-

376
mo adamians moRalated nu gamovacxadebT. maSin eris
moRalated da saqarTvelos agentad unda gamocxaddes
andrei nekrasovi, romelmac ruseT-saqarTvelos omze
`saCveno~ filmi gadaiRo. Tumca Cven gvCvevia, rodesac
rusi Jurnalisti ruseTis xelisuflebis winaaRmdeg
midis da mis mier saqarTveloSi Tu CeCneTSi Cadenil
danaSauls amxels, gmirad vacxadebT, xolo, Tu qarTve-
li Jurnalisti Secdomebze migviTiTebs, agenti da mo-
Ralatea~.

literatura:

1. ucxo sityvaTa leqsikoni, 1989

2. `kviris palitra~, 04-03-2013
3. `kviris palitra~, 21-02-2011

Teatraluri recenzia

Teatraluri recenzia Teatraluri xelovnebis gan-

viTarebas uwyobs xels da mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs
sazogadoebaSi Teatrisadmi meti mxardaWerisa da popu-
larizaciisaTvis.Teatri-Gk.Theatron-xelovneba, romelic
mdgomareobs dramatuli moqmedebiT cxovrebis mxat-
vrul gansaxierebaSi msaxiobebis mier. dawesebuleba, ro-
melic axorcielebs warmodgenis dadgmas(1-1). `termini
Teatri (berZnulad θέατρον (theatron) — sanaxaobebis adgi-
li) ori mniSvnelobiT gamoiyeneba: Teatri, rogorc xe-
lovnebis dargi. Teatris gamoxatvis specifikuri saSua-
lebaa scenuri moqmedebebi, romlebic sruldeba publi-

377
kis winaSe msaxiobTa gamosvlis (TamaSis, rolis Sesrule-
bis) dros. Teatri, rogorc Senoba, sasceno adgili, sa-
dac tradiciulad xdeba Teatraluri xelovnebis nawar-
moebis warmodgena. SesaZlebelia scenis gamarTva Ria cis
qveS, parkSi, Zvel taZarSi an amfiTeatrSi. Teatris fes-
vebi uZveles sasoflo-sameurneo da samonadireo Tama-
SebSi da masobriv saxalxo ritualebSia. Zvel saberZneT-
Si arsebobda Teatris sxvadasxva saxeobebi Tavisi tradi-
ciebiT, scenuri teqnikiT. mdidari da mravalferovani
sanaxaobrivi formebi Seqmnes aRmosavleTis xalxebma in-
doeTSi, CineTSi, iaponiaSi, indoneziaSi da sxvagan. Sua sa-
ukuneebis evropaSi Teatraluri Semoqmedebis matareb-
lebi iyvnen moxetiale msaxiobebi: histrionebi, Jongli-
orebi da sxvebi. aRorZinebis xanis pirveli evropuli
profesiuli Teatri iyo italiuri niRbebis xalxuri ko-
media (komedia del arte, me-16-17 ss.). am droidan Teatri
xdeba literaturuli, amasTan naklebad mobiluri, rome-
lic binas idebs saqalaqo kulturis centrebSi. Teatra-
luri xelovnebis nawarmoebi — speqtakli iqmneba drama-
tuli an musikalur-scenuri nawarmoebis safuZvelze re-
Jisoris Canafiqris Sesabamisad (baletSi — baletmaiste-
ris da diriJoris, operaSi — reJisoris da diriJoris)
msaxiobebis monawileobiT~(2-1). „qarTuli Teatris dRe~-
s safuZveli Caeyara 1850 wlis 14 ianvars, rodesac Tbi-
lisSi pirveli speqtakli giorgi erisTavis „gayra~ daid-
ga. es iyo pirveli da im droisTvis erTaderTi profesiu-
li Teatri saqarTveloSi. „1850 wlis 14 ianvars giorgi
erisTavma qarTveli aristokratiis mxardaWeriT, mefis-
nacval voroncovis xelSewyobiT, gimnaziis (dRes №1
skolis) SenobaSi, dadga pirveli speqtakli — „gayra~. igi
Tavad iyo, piesis avtori, reJisori da erT-erT (somexi

378
vaWris) rolsac asrulebda~ — ganmartavs profesori va-
sil kiknaZe. erovnuli Teatris aRorZineba qarTveli
xalxis cxovrebaSi mniSvnelovani movlena iyo. magram Te-
atralur dass Zalian mZime pirobebSi uxdeboda muSaoba.
mefis administraciis warmomadgenlebi qarTuli Teat-
raluri xelovnebis ganviTarebis SeferxebisTvis yvela
Rones xmarobdnen. Teatrs waarTves Senoba, mis repertu-
arze umkacresi cenzura iyo dawesebuli. am mizezTa Se-
degad 1856 wels erisTavis Teatraluri dasi daiSala da
70-iani wlebis bolomde qarTvel dramaturgTa piesebis
dadgmebi mxolod moyvaruli Teatralebis mier xorci-
eldeboda. qarTuli sasceno xelovnebis axali nayofieri
periodi 1879 wels daiwyo, rodesac TbilisSi mowinave sa-
zogado moRvaweebis jgufma ilia WavWavaZisa da akaki we-
reTlis xelmZRvanelobiT qarTuli profesiuli drama-
tuli Teatris gaxsnas miaRwia. 1881 wlis 18 ianvars da-
fuZnda dramatuli sazogadoeba (SemdgomSi — Teatralu-
ri sazogadoeba) sazogadoebis wevrTa pirvel yrilobaze
Tavmjdomared airCies ilia WavWavaZe, Tavmjdomaris mo-
adgiled akaki wereTeli. 1945 wlis 9 agvistos saqrTve-
los mTavrobis dadgenilebiT Seiqmna `saqarTvelos Te-
atraluri sazogadoeba~(3-1). Teatri sazogadoebis su-
lieri aRzrdis mniSvnelovani wyaroa, romelic xSirad
erTi speqtakliTa Tu warmodgeniT mayurebels cxovre-
biseul sinamdviles, realobas Tvalwin gadauSlis, coc-
xlad agrZnobinebs da daanaxvebs, daafiqrebs da ganacde-
vinebs im sulier da zneobriv Rirebulebebze, romelTac
gadamwyveti mniSvneloba gaaCniaT pirovnebis adamianuri,
amqveyniuri cxovrebis wesze, sinamdvilesa da urTier-
Tobebze... Teatraluri xelovneba adamianis inteleqtua-
lur-fizikur da vizualur SesaZleblobaTa erTi mTli-

379
anoba da sinTezia, romlis safuZveli literaturuli na-
warmoebi-piesaa, magram imdenad cxovrebiseulia: tkivi-
lianic, cremlianic, mwuxarec, xanac piriqiT-sasixaru-
lo, imedismomcemi, mniSvnelovani, rom misi calke war-
modgena, cxovrebisagan mowyveta, erTgvarad warmoudge-
nelia. albaT xSirad SevswrebivarT, rodesac mayureble-
bi tirian, cremlebad iRvrebian, ganicdian da SfoTaven
speqtaklis msvlelobisas, an piriqiT. es yvelaferi imaze
mianiSnebs, rom dramaturgiis ganviTareba didad gansaz-
Rvravs Teatraluri xelovnebis beds da saukeTeso piese-
bi, niWieri msaxiobebiT gasceniurebuli, udavod axdens
ganumeorebel efeqts mayurebelze. recenzenti msjelo-
bis sagnad pirvel rigSi swored sarecenzio speqtakls-
teqsts aqcevs, romlis mTavari figurac reJisoria. swo-
red reJisori kiTxulobs `Taviseburad~ mwerlis xeli-
dan gamosul nawarmoebs da meores mxvriv am yvelafers
uqvemdebarebs msaxiobTa ostatobas, mxatvris ferTa si-
uxves` kompozitoris gamorCeul musikalurobas da sxv.
msaxiobis saSemsruleblo xelovneba, individualuri Se-
saZleblobebi da gamorCeuli talanti, niWi recenzenti-
saTvis ucxo ar unda iyos da adeqvaturad asaxavdes im
realobas, romelic konkretulma speqtaklma Tu war-
modgenam moutana auditorias. recenziaSi unda warmoC-
ndes calkeul msaxiobTa niWiereba, konkretuli wvlili
speqtaklis warmatebasa Tu warumateblobaSi. Seufasebe-
li ar unda darCes arc erTi wvrilmani, romelmac xeli
Seuwyo speqtaklis Rirseul warmodgenas. recenzentma
speqtakli erT mTlian sivrced unda warmoaCinos da ase
miitanos mkiTxvelamde. romelSic TiToeuli komponenti
(piesa, reJisura, msaxiobi, mxatvari, musika) calk-calke
iqneba CamoTvlili. swored am komponentTa sinTezi gana-
pirobebs mayureblisa da Teatraluri dasis mier war-
modgenili piesis erT mTlianobas, saerTo mizans anu did

380
warmatebas, rodesac mayureblisa da msaxiobTa emociebi
erTmaneTs emTxveva da sadRac erT wertilSi ikveTeba ki-
dec. recenzentma unda agrZnobinos yvelas, rom saWiroa
marTali, miukerZoebeli, WeSmaritad saqmis siyvaruliT
naTqvami sityva maRali esTetikuri Rirebulebebis da-
samkvidreblad sazogadoebaSi. aseT dros, rogorc kargi
megobris rCevas iTvaliswinebs xolme meore megobari,
swored aseTive damokidebuleba unda SeiniSnebodes
speqtaklis mesveurTa mxridan, oRond im SemTxvevaSi,
rodesac recenzia saqmis ara mxolod didi siyvaruliT,
aramed maRalprofesionalur doneze dawerili aRmoC-
ndeba. recenzentis mxridan saTqmelis gamoxatvis Tavi-
sebureba da gamorCeuli artistizmi recenzias gansa-
kuTrebul xibls sZens yovelTvis, miT umetes maSin, ro-
desac recenzia swored xelovani adamianebis sayuradRe-
bod iwereba.. recenziis saboloo mizani aCvenebs ra Tqva
axali speqtaklma, ra misca mayurebels, rogor moaxerxa
mieRwia warmatebebs da a.S. magaliTisaTvis sainteresoa
gazeTi `baTumis universiteti~, 2011 weli, №1-2-3, pro-
fesor i. bibileiSvilis sagazeTo recenzia `roca Teatri
cxovrebis sarkea~. recenziis avtori Tavidanve xazgas-
miT aRniSnavs ilia WavWavaZis saxelmwifo dramatul Te-
atrSi warmodgenili speqtaklis `mefe liri TavSesafar-
Si” maRalideurobasa da Sesabamisad Teatris rolze Ta-
namedrove cxovrebaSi. `Teatri cxovrebis sarkea~-Tavi-
danve daaskvnis recenzenti da gveubneba: `speqtakli `me-
fe liri TavSesafarSi”, romelic saqarTvelos xelovne-
bis damsaxurebulma moRvawem, reJisorma enver CaiZem
dadga dramaturg oTar baRaTurias amave saxelwodebis
piesis mixedviT, dadasturebaa imisa, rom Teatri Tu
cxovrebis sarkea, mayurebeli speqtakls Rebulobs ro-
gorc sakuTari biografiis nawils. dramaturgi da reJi-

381
sori gamowvevas ukeTeben imaT, visac xelewifebaT (da
evalebaT!) sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis marTva da swori
gziT warmarTva. moxucTa TavSesafari rom arsebobs, es
sazogadoebisa da saxelmwifos humanisturi bunebis da-
dasturebaa, magram kidev ukeTesia, saxelmwifos saer-
Tod ar sWirdebodes moxucTa TavSesafari~. recenziis
am nawilSi recenzenti cdilobs mkiTxvels garkveuli
warmodgena Seuqmnas, aseve agrZnobinos da daanaxos, rom
mxolod gaWirvebulTadmi mzrunvelobis gamoxatuleba
araa adamianuri cxovrebisaTvis sakmarisi, saWiroa
zrunva imisaTvis, rom swored is gaWirveba aRmoifxvras,
romelic aseulobiT adamians ubiZgebs iyos viRacis mow-
yalebisa da daxmarebis imedad. aseTi adamianuri gancde-
bisa da adamianis saxis SenarCunebis mizniT swored sa-
xelmwifo unda zrunavdes da dgamdes kidec Sesabamis na-
bijebs. recenzenti kargad amCnevs, rom mxolod speqtak-
lSi warmoCenili problematikiT verc adamianebi da verc
saxelmwifo qmediT nabijebs ver gadadgamen mdgomareo-
bis gamosasworeblad. swored aseTi Ria, mtkivneuli da
pirdapiri mxilebaa saWiro recenzentis azriT, rom sa-
zogadoebam da xelisuflebam erTad ifiqros mdgomare-
obis gamosworebaze. `amasTan, speqtaklSi araerTi miniS-
neba da kargad mignebuli mizanscenaa imis gasamJRavneb-
lad, Tu raodeni sevda imaleba Tundac kargad movlili
TavSesafris binadarTa gulSi, miuxedavad amisa, adamia-
ni mainc win ixedeba. u. Seqspiris ~mefe liris~ dadgmis
survilSi ikiTxeba adamianis wingaxedvis geSi. marTalia,
moxucTa TavSesafris binadarni sakuTari ZalebiT ~mefe
lirs” ver dadgamdnen, magram is, rom pensioneris sicoc-
xle grZeldeba da adamiani yovelnairad cdilobs TviT-
damkvidrebas sazogadoebaSi, es ucvleli kanonia adamia-
nuri arsebobisa~. recenziis Semdgom monakveTSi recen-

382
zenti speqtaklis mTavari rolis SemsrulebelTa osta-
tobaze amaxvilebs yuradRebas da ambobs,rom veterani
msaxiobebis Rvawli udavoa Teatris cxovrebaSi:`speqtak-
lSi ZiriTadad dakavebulni arian Teatris veterani msa-
xiobebi, romelTa RvawliT axlo warsulSi warmatebul
Sedegebs aRwevda Teatri. amasTan, am speqtaklSi isic
ikiTxeba, rom WeSmaritad niWier SemoqmedT TavdaRmar-
Ti ara aqvT SemoqmedebiT cxovrebaSi. speqtakli mihyavs
saqarTvelos damsaxurebul artists cira abzianiZes. mi-
si personaJi dodo tragikuli bedis qalia — qmari gau-
loTda da ojaxidan wavida, Svili bedis saZieblad ameri-
kaSi wavida, TviTon moxucTa TavSesafris binadari da
TavSesafarSi ~mefe liris~ dadgmis reJisoria. msaxiobis
winaSe rTuli amocana dgas. rogorc yovel individs, ma-
sac sakuTari samyaro aqvs. is ar nebdeba gulgatexilo-
bas da inarCunebs mxneobas. xolo roca yofil qmars —
TavSesafris axal binadars sandros (msaxiobi kaxa koba-
laZe) Sexvdeba TavSesafarSi, cira abzianiZis dodo
uSurvelad ixarjeba qaluri sinazisa da mosiyvarule
meuRlis ganwyobilebis gamJRavnebaSi. mbrZanebeli reJi-
soridan gadasvla qmris mosiyvarule colisa da Svil-
smonatrebuli dedis ampluaSi mimdinareobs bunebrivi
damajereblobiT, am qalisTvis ar arsebobs mxolod war-
suli. igi axlac cxovrobs da momavalsac imediT Sehyu-
rebs~. recenziis avtori TiTqmis uklebliv speqtaklis
yvela monawile-msaxiobis saSemsruleblo ostatobas mi-
moixilavs, xazs usvams maT maRalprofesionalizms, dam-
saxurebas Teatrisa da sazogadoebis winaSe da maT mier
gamovlenil siTbosa da sulier silamazes, romelic Ti-
Toeuli gmiris xasiaTis ukeT warmoCenisaTvis iyo auci-
lebeli: `xandazmulobis dauviwyari saxe Seqmna saqar-

383
Tvelos damsaxurebulma artistma Tamar sulxanaSvilma.
misi aniko damlageblis movaleobas asrulebs TavSesa-
farSi. marTalia aSkarad Ralatobs mexsiereba da fizi-
kuri SesaZleblobebic, magram rogorc deda, ganumeore-
belia. rad Rirs marto misi mifereba yurmilze, saida-
nac Svilis xma esmis. ramdeni siTbo da lirizmi ixateba
am dros Tamar sulxanaSvilis personaJis xasiaTSi. im-
provizaciis Cveuli ostatobiT gamoirCeva saqarTve-
los saxalxo artistis manuCar ServaSiZis muSaoba speq-
taklis msvlelobis mTel manZilze. misi vaniko yofili
msaxiobia, romelsac axla didi pretenzia aqvs speqtak-
lSi mTavari rolis Sesrulebaze, magram Ralatobs zo-
mierebis grZnoba. msaxiobi Tavisi personaJis xasiaTs
agebs pirovnebaSi SesaZleblobasa da survilebs Soris
winaaRmdegobaze. saxasiaTo roli yovelTvis mdidar Se-
saZleblobas aZlevs msaxiobs gamomgoneblobisaTvis. ma-
nuCar ServaSiZec Tavs ise grZnobs rolSi, rogorc Tev-
zi wyalSi. misi replika yoveTvis xasiaTidan gamomdina-
reobs da amitom aris zusti da mignebuli. Sesaferisi
tonalobiT asaxierebs Tavis personaJs saqarTvelos sa-
xalxo artisti nino sakandeliZe. misi rusiko mxolod
warsuliT cxovrobs. akviatebuli striqonis ~roca pir-
velad saswavlebelSi” warmoTqmis maneraSi msaxiobi kar-
gad avlens xandazmulobis tipur Tvisebas — mis xalisi-
an ganwyobilebas warmoqmnis ara imedi, aramed mogone-
ba.aWaris damsaxurebuli artisti berdia inwkirveli
Cveuli ostatobiT asrulebs yofili buRaltris da yo-
velTvis gaorebuli kacis — gogis rols. teqstSi Zun-
wad aris gadmocemuli gogis xasiaTi, samagierod msaxi-
obma moZraobiT, siarulis maneriT, umetesad uxmod,
usityvod migvaniSna gogis gaorebul poziciaze. msaxi-

384
obma gansakuTrebiT Zlierad Caatara avTo qarCavas Sa-
kos aCrdilis mizanscena. moxucTa TavSesafris ufrosis
Sakos mxardaWeraSi vlindeba misi uRirsoba. berdia in-
wkirvelis gogi uRirsi pirovnebaa, romelsac TiTqmis
yovel dawesebulebaSi SeiZleba SevxvdeT. uTuod rTu-
li aqtioruli amocanebi aqvs gadasawyveti aWaris damsa-
xurebul artists avTo qarCavas. misi Sako TavSesafris
mepatronea. mas evaleba moxucebis movla, maTi interese-
bis dacva, magram rogorc ki gamoCnda piradad misTvis
ufro sarfiani garigeba, umal piradi interesebi daayena
wina planze da moxucebi gamoreka TavSesafris Senobi-
dan. Cven am metaforaSi vxedavT adamianis bedisadmi
gulgrili damokidebulebis gamovlinebas, rac Tan ax-
lavs Tavisufal sabazro ekonomikaze damyarebul sazo-
gadoebas. am rolis SesrulebisaTvis msaxiobs xels uw-
yobs yvelaferi — asaki, garegnoba, mxatvruli teqstis
gaazrebisa da aqtioruli Sesrulebis xelovneba. didi
xania scenaze ar gvinaxavs saqarTvelos damsaxurebuli
artisti levan Rlonti. amjerad man iTamaSa uTvistomo
loTi arkadis roli. igi arc rusia, arc qarTveli, is
aris moxuci, romelic axlac aravis sWirdeba. Sesabami-
sad, gaugebari da bundovania misi qarTuli metyveleba,
rasac warmatebiT ansaxierebs msaxiobi erovnebadakar-
guli adamianis CvenebisaTvis. rTuli fsiqologiuri xa-
siaTis personaJia aWaris damsaxurebuli artistis koba
kobalaZis sandro. isic moxucTa TavSesafris binadaria
meuRlesTan (dodo) erTad. udavod niWieri adamianebi
arian sandro da misi meuRle, magram piradi ojaxuri
cxovreba mainc daengraT. amiT dramaturgi da damdgme-
li reJisori xom ar migvaniSneben imaze, rom Semoqmede-
biTi niWiT dajildoebuli adamianis movla sazogadoe-

385
bis movaleobaa. amas gvafiqrebinebs kaxa kobalaZis san-
dros gamoCenaze amtydari miTqma-moTqma — ~es xom is
msaxiobia, romelic bevr filmSia gadaRebuli?~ magram
axla galoTebuli da Rirsebadakargulia. dumiliT met-
yvelebis, dumiliT TamaSis xelovneba gviCvena aWaris
damsaxurebulma artistma nodar iakobaZem. misi perso-
naJia mama, romelic Svils moxucTa TavSesafarSi moh-
yavs, iSorebs Tavidan da mxolod male monaxulebas
hpirdeba. msaxiobi usityvod, mxolod guliswviT, gaune-
lebeli sevdiT, magram uaRresad damajereblad xatavs
personaJis tragikul gancdebs.msaxiobi zura qavTaraZe
dasamaxsovrebel saxes qmnis kakos rolSi. kako moxucTa
TavSesafris binadaria, romelic ar nebdeba cxovrebis
warmavlobis kanons, magram faqtiurad uZluria am dau-
morCileblobaSi.Sinagani protestis gamxelis kargi ma-
nera gviCvena msaxiobma eka CavleiSvilma klaras rolSi.
aseve sainteresoa aWaris damsaxurebuli artisti nunu
xinikaZe qeTis rolSi;umniSvnelo roli aqvs qeTevan
xalvaSs. Tavad bavSvi bavSvis rols ansaxierebs speqtak-
lSi; es roli ar gamoirCeva vrceli dialogebiT, magram
qeTevan xalvaSi aSkarad sceniuria, gaazrebulad asru-
lebs reJisoris davalebas. speqtaklSi dakavebuli arian
msaxiobebi jemal veliaZe, goCa xviCia, giorgi fircxala-
iSvili, giorgi megreliZe, marina burduli, levan Ted-
raZe~. aRsaniSnavia recenzentis mxridan yvela monawile
msaxiobisadmi, miuxedavad asakisa, gansakuTrebuli siT-
boTi da siyvaruliT mimarTva da mcdeloba imisa rom yve-
las `Tavisi wili miuzRos~, anu damsaxurebisamebr aRniS-
nos da gamoxatos sajarod Tavisi pozicia, namdvilad sa-
Suri saqmea. recenzenti calke saubrobs speqtaklis enis
Sesaxeb da aRniSnavs, rom sxva speqtaklebTan SedarebiT

386
sarecenzio speqtaklSi SedarebiT naklebadaa gamoyene-
buli bilwsityvaoba. `magram Tu kargad gavixsenebT
ilia WavWavaZis damokidebulebas scenidan warmoTqmuli
sityvisadmi (scenidan yvelaze kargi qarTuli unda es-
modes mayurebelso) — arc erT speqtaklSi arc erTi
bilwi sityva ar unda ismodes. arafers ar hmatebs sare-
cenzio speqtakls es dialogi: ~aba Tqvi a!” pasuxi: ~t...Si
qva”. am SemTvevaSi namdvilad samagaliToa recenzentis
pozicia, zedmetad mtkivneulad, metad mwared ki ar uT-
xras da atkinos guli, aramed frTxilad, miniSnebiT, mo-
ridebiT, radganac SesaniSnavad esmis, rom xSirad iribad,
gadataniTi mniSvnelobiT naTqvams ufro meti efeqti mo-
aqvs, vidre pirdapir naTqvams. am SemTxvevaSi didi ilias
avtoritetis moSvelieba yvelafris mkurnalia da wama-
li. recenziis avtori exeba speqtaklis scenografiuli
da musikaluri gaformebis mxares. gamoyofs mxatvar ai-
vengo WeliZis tipuri detalebiT agebul moxucTa Tav-
Sesafris garemos, Cacmulobas da isev sxvas esesxeba saT-
qmels: `Tengiz SamilaZem, Tu gamoviyenebT televiziaSi
damkvidrebul terminebs – kargi musikaluri SefuTva
mouZebna adamianTa sevdian yofas. `mayurebelma speqtak-
li ~mefe liri TaSesafarSi” gulTbilad miiRo~, ase as-
rulebs recenzias avtori.

literatura:

1. `ucxo sityvaTa leqsikoni~.

2. ka.wikipedia.org/wiki
3. geotheatre.ge
4. `baTumis universiteti~, 2011 - №1-2-3

387
 XII

narkvevi

narkvevis Janrobrivi Tavisebureba erTdroulad

misi mxatvruloba da publicisturobaa. is bevr rames
moicavs. `SeiZleba msubuqi da sasaciloc iyos da mZime
da godebiT aRsavsec. misi mizania, cota xniT gamogviWi-
ros da didi xniT dagvitovos STabeWdileba, vidre axa-
li ambis wamierma gaelvebam~ (1-1). narkvevze muSaobis
xerxebisa da meTodebis xelovneba asaxvis sagnis xasia-
Tisa da misi Sinagani samyaros mignebaa, sworad ganWvre-
ta, gadmocemaa mxatvruli xerxebis moSveliebiT, Sesa-
bamisi SemoqmedebiTi fantaziis unariTa da gardasaxvis
originaluri mignebiT, rodesac gamonagoni dozirebu-
lad dominirebs, ki ar Cqmalavs, xels uwyobs namdvils,
konkretuls, arsebulsa da realurs, ukeT, `yovel-
mxvriv~ warmoCndes, gamovlindes, laRad da Tavisuf-
lad gainavardos, raTa yvelam dainaxos, igrZnos da ga-
nicados. mxatvruli xerxebis moSveliebiT narkvevze
momuSave publicisti cdilobs warmoaCinos sinamdvile,
Cagvaxedos mis `sulier saganZurSi~, gvaCvenos faqti sa-
interesod, martivad, sadad da mimzidvelad, aRweros
da gadmosces ise, rom ar dakargos realoba, narkvevise-
uli gancda da emocia ar aRmoCndes sasurvelis realo-
bad warmoCenis mavne xerxi da saSualeba, konkretika yo-
velTvis manevrirebdes publicistur SesaZleblobasa
da sazogadoebriv interesebs Soris. `narkvevi iseTi
publicisturi Janria, romelic xatovani saSualebebis
gamoyenebiT gviCvenebs cxovrebas Tavisi mravalferov-
nebiT, adamianebs — moqmedebasa da moRvaweobaSi~(2-1).
mxatvrul-publicisturi stili mxolod rodi ganapi-
robebs asaxvis sagnis narkveviseul bunebas. narkvevis

388
ena pirdapiri, faqtebze orientirebuli, praqticizmis
suliskveTebiT gamsWvaluli, faqtis irgvliv da faqti-
saken mimavalia; amasTan, martivad gasagebi, Ria da gul-
wrfeli, miukerZoebeli da samarTliani, xandaxan mkac-
ri, yovelgvar fantazias moklebuli realobac, radgan
publicistikis moyvarulT xSirad ar sjeraT maRal-
fardovanebis, uxvi Sedarebebis, ar uyvarT, roca kon-
kretul faqtze orientirebuli realoba ver axerxebs
erTmaneTisagan gamoirCes namdvili da moCvenebiTi, rea-
luri da warmosaxviTi, zedapiruli da siRrmiseuli.
msjeloba, Cveneba, saubari, mtkiceba, kvleva, varaudi,
konkretul faqtze aqcentireba da dakvirveba is meTo-
debia, romelsac Jurnalistika da zogadad publicis-
tika eyrdnoba. am mraval gansxvavebul xasiaTTa Tu ga-
mosaxvis saSualebaTa erTgvari dominireba da Serwymaa
swored narkvevi, romelic gardamavalia literaturasa
da Jurnalistikas Soris. amitomac amboben narkvevi li-
teraturul Janrebs Soris yvelaze publicisturia, xo-
lo publicistur-Jurnalistur Janrebs Soris yvelaze
literaturuli.
yoveli Jurnalisturi teqsti Tavis sayrdens, anu
konkretul faqts eyrdnoba. informaciuli xasiaTis
teqstebis safuZveli cxovrebiseuli faqtebi, movlene-
bi da procesebia, radgan swored am konkretul faqteb-
sa da movlenebs eyrdnobian da gadmoscemen. analitikur
teqstTa safuZveli arsebuli problemis gansja-gaana-
lizeba-mtkicebaa, romelic Sesabamisi daskvnebis gamo-
tanis aucileblobiT aris dakavebuli. feletoni, rome-
lic aseve mxatvrul-publicisturi bunebisaa, umetes-
wilad cxovrebiseul mankierebasa da naklovanebebs am-
xels da a.S. narkvevis asaxvis uSualo sagans warmoad-
gens swored konkretuli adamiani an adamianTa garkveu-
li jgufi, an Tundac romelime mniSvnelovani faqti Tu

389
movlena, SesaZloa es iyos Tundac mogzauris TvaliT
nanaxi Tu gancdili axali qveyana, da a.S. maTi saerTo ni-
Sani rom movZebnoT, SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom es faqtia, si-
namdvilea, realobaa, romelsac aseve zusti misamarTi,
adgili moepoveba da konkretul sivrcesa da droSi fiq-
sirdeba. adamianuri yofa da cxovreba bevr saintereso
masalas awvdis Jurnalists narkvevisaTvis. es Seexeba
nebismier sferosa Tu dargs Cveni cxovrebisa. sazoga-
doebaSi mravali problema Tu sakiTxi wamoiWreba xol-
me, romelic Tavisebur gaazrebasa da axsnas saWiroebs.
swored es SesaZloa gaxdes narkvevis interesis sagani:
realuri adamianebi, cxovrebis uSualo sinamdvile,
konkretuli faqtebi da movlenebi, avtoris mier sinam-
dvileSi nanaxi da gancdili, romlis safuZveli iseTi
siaxlea, romelic qmnis mimbaZvelobis, socialurad Ri-
rebuli tipis, faqtis warmoCenis survils, an piriqiT,
roca problemis, konfliqturi situaciis amsaxvelia, am
dros narkvevis arsi imis Sesabamisia, ra damokidebule-
bac ikveTeba konkretul faqtTan mimarTebaSi. amdenad,
faqti ZiriTadi mamoZravebeli, masuldgmulebeli ele-
mentia narkvevisa. swored faqtia safuZveli narkvevSi
movlenebis ganviTarebis, argumentTa Ziebis, detalebis
Cvenebis, garemoebaTa Sejerebis, faqtorebis gamovle-
nis. amasTan, konkretuli asaxvis sagnis specifikis saer-
To da ganmasxvavebeli swored saTqmelis paTosSi, sa-
fuZvelSi, SinaarsSi devs, romelsac Jurnalisti akvir-
deba, swavlobs, aanalizebs da awvdis sazogadoebas. ama-
Sia swored narkveviseuli ostatoba: dainaxo, Seimecno,
miwvde, gaiTaviso da imdenad axlos `moitano~, yvela-
saTvis saintereso, saWirboroto da mniSvnelovani gaxa-
do. xSirad xdeba erTi da igive Sinaarsis mqone masalis
sxvadasxvagvari damuSaveba, Cveneba, gadmocema, gaSuqe-
bis sxvadasxvagvari interpretireba. beWduri, samauw-

390
yeblo da axali media, arc Tu iSviaTad, erTi da imave
faqtis Sesaxeb imis gaTvaliswinebiT saubroben, rasac
maT arxis specifika sTavazobs. aseT SemTxvevaSi gan-
sxvavebuli ara faqti, aramed misi gamosaxvis formaa-
sul sxvaa beWduri mediis ena da radio da satelevizio
eTeri, aseve gamijnulia axali mediateqnologiebis ga-
mosaxvis formebi da meTodebi. yvelaze mTavari da mniS-
vnelovani am SemTxvevaSi is garemoebaa, rom narkvevi
faqtobriv, dokumentur masalas eyrdnoba. faqti, ro-
gorc masalis Seswavlis safuZveli, misi Sefaseba, masze
msjeloba, gaazreba, publicisturi stili, kvleva, gan-
zogadeba, daskvnebis gamotana narkvevs swored Jurna-
listur Janrad warmogvidgens. narkvevis gmiri yovel-
Tvis konkretuli piria. mkiTxvels SeuZlia masTan mis-
vla, gasaubreba an piriqiT.
narkvevis avtori asaxvis obieqtad SemTxveviTs, me-
orexarisxovans, umniSvnelos, arasainteresos ver gaix-
dis. igi irCevs yvelaze sainteresosa da mniSvnelovans
da swored masze esaubreba auditorias. Jurnalisti
erT konkretul pirovnebasa Tu faqts arCevs da masze
esaubreba auditorias. narkvevis interesis sagans faq-
tobrivi, realuri, `cocxali~ sinamdvile warmoadgens.
gamoxatvis forma, romelic yvelaze metad saWiroebs
mxatvruli xerxebis moSveliebis aucileblobas, av-
tors sWirdeba imisaTvis rom ukeT vigrZnoT da davina-
xoT, davrwmundeT da warmovidginoT, vendoT da davu-
jeroT, romelmac masalis analizis, rkvevisa da Sefase-
ba-ganzogadebis safuZvelze mimarTa aseT formas.
narkvevis asaxvis obieqti Cveni cxovrebis uSualo
sinamdvilea, romlebic gamoxataven da aCveneben sazoga-
doebrivi cxovrebis ganviTarebis konkretikas, mogzau-
ri adamianis STabeWdilebebs, kulturuli, saganmanaT-
leblo, ekonomikuri, socialuri, politikuri, geogra-

391
fiuli, istoriuli da a.S. Taviseburebebis Sesaxeb. ase-
Ti Sinaarsisa da xasiaTis narkvevi yovelTvis mijnavs
erTmaneTisagan mTavarsa da meorexarisxovans, gamoar-
Cevs da aCvenebs mniSvnelovans, Rirebuls, gansxvave-
buls. msgavsi xasiaTis Jurnalistur teqstebs samogza-
uro narkvevsac eZaxian. politikuri gamWriaxoba da
SorsmWvreteloba, publicisturi alRo da `sityvis
Tqmis Jamis~ codna narkvevis siRrmiseulobis, Sesatyvi-
sobisa da Sesabamisobis maCvenebelia, movlenis `movle-
niseburi~, zusti, faqtebs dayrdnobili xatva is Tvise-
bebia, romliTac am saxis narkvevi xasiaTdeba. aseve sain-
teresoa da mniSvnelovani Tavisi sakuTari xelweriT,
bunebiTa da xasiaTiT gamorCeuli da gamokveTili por-
tretuli narkvevi. misi mTavari mamoZravebeli konkre-
tuli adamianis, pirovnebis `daxatva~-Cvenebaa, roca mi-
si saqmianoba mxolod fonia, erTgvari aisberguli mo-
deli, xolo portreti (garegnuli Tu Sinagani) namdvi-
li sarkisebri modelia. portretuli narkvevi adamianis
cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis garemo pirobebs, mis ir-
gvliv myof realobasa da sinamdviles ise asaxavs da
warmoaCens, ramdenadac es yovelive xels Seuwyobs kon-
kretuli piris reliefurad warmoCenas. advilad Seim-
Cneva, rom narkvevis sxvadasxva saxis gamoyofa-gamokve-
Ta asaxvis obieqtis TaviseburebaSi mdgomareobs. zogi-
erT maTganSi asaxvis obieqti procesebia, nawilSi —
mgzavris mier nanaxi Tu gancdili, zogSic — didmniSvne-
lovani politikuri da sazogadoebrivi movlenebi, an
sulac — calkeuli adamiani, an Tundac qveyana. amdenad
am SemTxvevaSic Janris saxeebad diferencireba erTgva-
rad pirobiTia, da maTi mkveTrad gamijvna sakmaod rTu-
lia. unda aRiniSnos, rom rodesac Jurnalistur-publi-
cistur narkvevze vsaubrobT, sxva saxis narkvevebic un-
da moviSvelioT, romelTa gamosaxvisa Tu auditoriam-

392
de mitanis saSualebad gamoiyeneba kino, televizia, fo-
tografia da radiogadacema.
amdenad narkvevis saxeebad dayofis safuZveli Se-
iZleba veZioT gamosaxvis teqnikur mxareSic. swored am
principis safuZvelze gamoyofen: sagazeTo-saJurnalo
narkvevs, radionarkvevs, telenarkvevs, kinonarkvevs,
fotonarkvevsa da internetnarkvevs, romelic Sedare-
biT axali saxea sxva saxis narkvevebTan SedarebiT, teq-
nikur saSualebaTa sxvadasxvaoba TavisTavad ganapiro-
bebs narkvevis Tvisobriv sxvadasxvaobasac.
`gabneuli baraTi da gauCinarebuli megobari~, ro-
melic gazeTSi `baTumis universiteti~-2014w. maisi -№5
daibeWda(3-1), namdvil faqts asaxavs, realur sinamdvi-
leze mogviTxrobs da es saTqmeli imdenad sada, ubra-
lo, mimzidveli da sainteresoa, erTi amosunTqviT
ikiTxeba. ufro swored kiTxulob da ggonia rom am yve-
lafers TiTqos erTbaSad ismen kidec, imdenad sxarti,
sasurveli, sasiamovno, kulturuli da daxvewilia nar-
kvevis ena. swored amaSi Cans narkvevis publicisturi pa-
Tosi, rogor ubralod, yovelgvari Zaldatanebis gare-
Se gadmoscems narkvevis mTavari gmiris Sesaxeb; ki ar
gadmoscems, gviyveba, ki ar gviyveba gvesaubreba ise,
TiTqos Cvens gverdiT ijdes da ise gvesaubrebodes. jer
narkvevis mTavari personaJis saqmianobis Taobaze gvaw-
vdis cnobebs da gvixsnis Tu ramdeni wigni gamosca, ra
rezonansi da gamoxmaureba mohyva TiToeul gamocemas,
amis Semdgom bunebrivad da uSualod gadadis mTavari
gmiris saxis Cvenebaze, sadad da martivad axasiaTebs si-
namdviles, TiTqos Tvalsa da xels Sua wamierad ecnobi
yovelives, rac cnobiswadilsac ki aRZravs gmiris mi-
marT. avtori gmiris cxovrebis im kuTxe-kunWulSi gva-
xedebs, sadac daibada da gaizarda, daojaxda da daf-
rTianda, iswavla da cxovrebis asparezze gamovida. es

393
narkvevis mTavari gmiris mSobliuri sofelia im lamazi
kar-midamoTi da mimosaxediT, romelmac narkvevis per-
sonaJis pirovnul-adamianuri Tvisebebi gamoawrTo da
gamoZerwa. Sromismoyvareoba, araerTxel gaJRerebuli
sityva patiosneba, ubraloeba da kacTmoyvareoba is na-
Teli wertilebia, romlis deficitsac sakmaod mZafrad
ganicdis Tanamedrove sazogadoeba da am adamianuri
Tvisebebis narkveviseuli gamoyofa da wina planze wamo-
weva, am SemTxvevaSi narkvevis avtoris maRalniWierebasa
da maRalprofesionalizmzec miuTiTebs. sofeli da
soflis mkvidri adamianebi, romelTa safiqral-sazru-
navi ara mxolod sofluri yofa da cxovrebaa, aramed
upirveles yovlisa, samSoblo qveynis siyvaruli, mis-
Tvis Tavdadeba da muxlCauxreli Sroma da garja, rome-
lic avaldebulebs yvelas stumrisadmi gansakuTrebul
pativiscemasa da siyvaruls, narkvevis, rogorc asaxvis
formis mniSvnelovani gamoxatulebaa. `qarTveli kacis
Rirsebis naxevarze meti stumarTmoyvareobaze modis,
rogori didi miRwevebi ar unda hqondes samsaxurSi,
ojaxSic, Tu is ver icavs stumar-maspinZlobis uZveles
tradicias, misi fasi nulamde ecema, amitom es Tviseba
CvenSi adamianis Sefasebis erTgvar sazomad iqca~. unda
daveTanxmoT avtors. es namdvilad asea da ara mxolod
am nawilSi unda daveTanxmoT da mivendoT, aramed nar-
kvevis mTlian SinaarsSi, mTlian teqstSi. ganvmeordebi
albaT: narkvevi asaxvis Zalian ubralo, araoficialur,
megobrul stilsa Tu tonSi gadmocema, romelic ise
gatyvevebs da gizidavs, mzad xar mis mxardasaWerad So-
ri gza gaiaro, estumro da Tavad darwmunde narkvevis
mTavari gmiris patiosnebaSi. swored es aris narkvevis
specifikurobis mniSvnelovani Rirseba, xibli, sisadave.
roca brWyviala frazebi, zedapiruli da arafrismTqme-
li winadadebebi ki ar gWris Tvals, aramed namdvili,

394
Rirseuli, Sesabamisi Rirebulebebi. mivyveT narkvevis
metad saintereso da originalur dasawyiss, rodesac
avtori ki ar cdilobs raRacaSi ise dagajeros an dagar-
wmunos, rom gulis siRrmeSi mains Senda uneburad eWvi
geparebodes, piriqiT, Tavisi sakuTari, piradi, pirov-
nuli Tvisebisa Tu `gamorCeulobis~ konstataciiT ki-
dev ufro met efeqtsa da damajereblobas iZens. `Cemi
samuSao oTaxi TiTqmis yovelTvis mouwesrigebelia,
wignebi, sabuTebi, saarqivo amonawerebi, gazeTebi da
qseroaslebi erTmaneTSi areulia. TanamSromlebi oTaxs
mialag-moalageben, yvelafers Tavis adgils miuCenen...
sul 2-3 dRe mWirdeba, rom isev avur-davurio. sabednie-
rod aseT viTarebaSic maxsovs sad ra devs~... frTxilad
da faqizad, sufTad da martivad, ubralod, uangarod,
adamianurad Semohyavs mkiTxveli narkvevis samyaroSi,
TiTqos ityuebs kidec, raTa Semdgom moaxerxos misi da-
yolieba bolomde wasakiTxad. roca ar aris Zaldatane-
ba, mosawyeni, zanti, mZime da arafrismTqmeli winadade-
bebi, rodesac kiTxulob da interesdebi, amasTan erTo-
bi da isveneb, ganicdi sulier tkbobas da Sinagan Tavi-
suflebas, rodesac uneburad giCndeba kiTxva, marTla
moxda ase netav? magram saTqmelis uSualoba da buneb-
rivi sisadave da gulwrfeloba umal gifantavs eWvs da
wakiTxvis madas zrdis: `gvari ar ewera, magram bevri fiq-
ri ar damWirvebia. es xom avTo wulaZea. baTumelTa gu-
luxvi WanWaTeli maspinZeli. mis Tbil ojaxSi bevri
tkbilad gatarebuli dRe da saaTebi gamaxsenda. wignze
Cemi mosazrebis gamoqveynebas mTxovda megobari, amaso-
baSi Svidi weli gasula, me ki mas ubralo Txovnac ver Se-
vusrule~. avtori narkvevis gmirs mTeli Tavisi monaga-
riT gvacnobs. es mxolod erTgvari Cvenebaa im gzisa,
rac narkvevis gmirma gaiara da ganvlo cxovrebis gzaze,
Tumca mTavari naTqvamia: kalami narkvevis avtorma Sem-

395
TxveviT rodi aiRo saintereso pirovnebis saxisa da saq-
mianobis gadmosacemad: `baTumelTaTvis kargad nacnob
qvelmoqmedsa da mamuliSvils bevri daxasiaTeba ar
sWirdeba~.
narkvevis gmiris sainteresod da Sinaarsianad gan-
vlili cxovrebis gza, romelsac ukanmoxedvis SiSi ki
ara aqvs, aramed piriqiT, saamayo da sasaxeloa misTvis
da ara mxolod misTvis mis mier ganvlili gza cxovrebi-
sa, romelic Taobidan Taobas gzas gaunaTebs da sasia-
movmo mogonebad gadaeqceva: `sportsmenebs aqvT gamoT-
qma: `meore amosunTqva~, rac fizikuri Zalebis axal mo-
bilizacias da axal warmatebebs niSnavs. avTnadilma fi-
zikurTan inteleqtualuri Zalebic gaaerTiana da mo-
usvenari kaci Seudga marTlac axal cxovrebas. `naxeT
avTandil wulaZis ojaxi da ezo kar-midamo sofel Wan-
WaTSi da gaocdebiT, Turme ra SeZlebia adamianis xelsa
da genias. ra ar mouSenebia sakuTar miwa-wyalze, dawye-
buli subtropikuli kulturebidan Cvens tradiciul
xexilamde. dekoratiuli mcenareulobidan tyis kul-
turebamde. aq Tavs namdvil walkotSi grZnob da survi-
li geufleba rac SeiZleba didxans darCe~.
narkvevSi CarTuli epiTetebi gmiris xasiaTisa da
saxis warmosaCenad ara gadaWarbebuli, piriqiT, Zalian
sainteresod da sasiamovnod ikiTeba. swored es aris
narkvevis kidev erTi gamorCeuli Tviseba: gmiris xasia-
Tisa da Sinagani sulieri simdidris saCveneblad publi-
cisturi da literaturuli fantazia ise Seerwya er-
TmaneTs, ki ar gascda sinamdviles, piriqiT kidev ufro
metad Seivso da namdvil, utyuar faqtad da realur si-
namdviled warmoCinda Tundac narkvevis gmiris `xevis-
beroba~. soflis mosaxleobisadmi misi damokidebuleba,
erTguli da mosiyvarule meuRlisadmi gansakuTrebuli
pativiscema did optimizmTan erTad gamorCeul Zalas

396
sZens narkvevis gmirs, romelma Zalamac mas bevri ram
SesZina, SeaZlebina da gadalaaxvina kidec. `soflis nam-
dvilma xevisberma mSobliur sofelSi daafuZna `sof-
lis damxmare sazogadoeba~, romelmac WanWaTis mosax-
leobas mravali sikeTe mogvara. Tumca `sofleli~ kaci
arasodes CamoSorebia inteleqtualur saqmes da, saoc-
rad saintereso publicistur-memuaruli xasiaTis wig-
nebis garda, aqtiurad TanamSromlobs qarTul Jurnal-
gazeTebSi~. ojaxi, ufros-umcrosoba, mravalSviliano-
ba, stumarTmoyvareoba, samarTlianoba, sityviskacoba,
megobrobis didi skola, is Rirsebebia, ramac narkvevis
gmirs popularoba da siyvaruli mouxveWa: `skolaSi,
jarSi, gnebavT sapatimroSi SeZenil megobrebze raRac
gansakuTrebul siyvaruls gamoxataven xolme da avTos
CanawerebSi esec Zalumad igrZnoba. sapatimro mas da mis
modgmas RmerTma aSoros, magram esec rom yofiliyo,
darwmunebuli var Cveni avtori iseve gulmodginebiTa
da Tbili mogonebebiT Seamkobda yvelas, rogorc sko-
laSi, umaRles saswavlebelSi da armiaSi SeZenil megob-
rebs. ...erTxel kidev davrwmundi, sruliad axalgazrda
avTandili rogor did interess iCenda ucxoeTSi gada-
karguli Tanamemamulis mimarT da oTxi aTeuli wlis win
gardacvlili qarTveli meomris saflavs pativs miageb-
da rogorc Tavisians, axlobelsa da naTesavs. amas mxo-
lod WeSmariti patriotebi akeTeben~.
narkvevis gmiris saintereso da damafiqrebel
cxovrebiseul warmatebebsa Tu warumateblobebs vec-
nobiT da vrwmundebiT, rom es Janri namdvilad gamoir-
Ceva upirveles yovlisa, maRalmxatvruli Rirebulebi-
Ta da originalobiT. cxovrebis oromtrialSi gamob-
rZmedili saqmis keTebisas danaxuli pirovneba, zogjer
warsulis gaxsenebiT dakavebuli, mogonebebSi CaZiru-
li, rodesac msubuqi da sasacilo mZimesa da godebiT

397
aRsavses enacvleba, rodesac es yvelaferi, emociasa da
STabeWdilebas erTad ggvris xolme, Sinagan kmayofile-
bas ganvicdiT da viZirebiT masSi ise, wamierad gvaviw-
ydeba ukve irgvliv yvelaferi da gamofxizlebulni sa-
ocar simsubuqes vgrZnobT. narkvevis avtori ar izRu-
deba im wesebiTa da normebiT `romlebsac standartul
axal ambebze momuSave Jurnalistebi ganicdian~(1-2).
`humanistma kacma soflis gamravlebis waxalisebis sao-
cari xerxi moifiqra. movnaTlav da davumoyvrdebi im
ojaxs, sadac wels (1986 w.) pirveli Svili gaCndebao,
Tqva da, marTlac 19 ianvars sofelSi, xulodan gadmo-
saxlebuli SainiZeebis muslimanuri aRmsareblobis mqo-
ne ojaxSi gaCnda biWi. mezoblebi fiqrobdnen, avTandi-
li Tavis sityvas ukan waiRebso, magram motyuvdnen. igi
akvniT da saTamaSo revolveriT ewvia ojaxs, biWs nugza-
ri Searqva da dRemde grZeldeba maTi RvTis madliT mo-
sili moyvroba~. narkvevis weris saguldagulo dageg-
mvas didi mniSvneloba aqvs. is SeiZleba Seikvecos, mok-
led da lakonurad gadmoices, magram Seuzlebelia misi
SekumSva da nebismierad dalageba. Tanamimdevruli, lo-
gikuri, mizanmimarTuli winadadebebi, romlebic nar-
kvevis gmiris xasiaTsa da Tvisebebze gviyvebian, met da-
majereblobasa da efeqts swored mizezSedegobrivi
ganviTarebis safuZvelze iZenen. `Tu ar gindaT, rom
Tqveni narkvevi maRalfardovani sityvebis raxaruxad
iqces, jer kargad unda moemzadoT da dafiqrdeT. mxo-
lod mere SeiZleba masalis dalageba. magaliTad, ar
Rirdes mTeli biografiuli monacemebis erT adgilas
moqceva~(4-1). msgavsi masala marTlac mosawyeni da dam-
Rlelia, rasac unda eridebodnen damwyebi Jurnaliste-
bi. yovelTvis momgebiania masalis Sesabamisad dalageba,
rac iTvaliswinebs mTeli rigi cxovrebiseuli momente-
bis Sesabamisad saintereso faqtebiT gajerebas da maT

398
Tanamimdevrul dalagebas, romelic aseve sxarti da
moqnili eniT unda gadmoices. narkvevs ar uyvars zanti
da mZime saubari da Txroba, romelic faqts ukargavs
elfers da mosawyensa da miuRebels xdis. `...gadaWarbe-
buli ar iqneba, Tu vityvi, rom qarTveli kacis Rirsebis
naxevarze meti stumarTmoyvareobaze modis, rogori
didi miRwevebi ar unda hqondes samsaxurSi, ojaxSic, Tu
is ver icavs stumar-maspinZlobis uZveles tradicias,
misi fasi nulamde ecema, amitom es Tviseba CvenSi adamia-
nis Sefasebis erTgvar sazomad iqca. es mcire Sesavali
damWirda mxolod imisaTvis, rom mkiTxvels vuTxra: av-
Tandil wulaZe Zveli qarTuli wes-Cveulebebis er-
Tgul ojaxSi gaizarda da gangebam masac uxvad uboZa
didi kacTmoyvareoba, romlis mniSvnelovan Semadgenel
nawils stumar-maspinZloba warmoadgens~.
narkvevis avtors yuradRebis miRma ar darCenia
`ficxi da zogjer zedmetad pirdapiri gurulis~ ga-
morCeuli Tviseba stumrebisadmi gansakuTrebuli pati-
viscemisa da siyvarulisa, sadac ambobs, rom: `avTandi-
li Tavad eZebs stumris mowvevis sababs da amaSi piradad
davrwmundi. 1996 wlis 30 ivliss gazeTma `aWaram~ dabeW-
da misi werili, `Cven ZmebiviT vcxovrobT~, romelSic
saubari iyo WanWaTSi Casaxlebuli aWarlebis da adgi-
lobrivi mcxovreblebis Sexmatkbilebul cxovrebaze.
am werilma bevrs gauCina WanWaTSi Casvlis survili, mag-
ram amis bedniereba mxolod dramatrug SoSia CxaiZes,
ltolvilTa da gansaxlebis ministrs Salva gogitiZes,
mis moadgiles Temur arTmelaZes, Jurnalistebs sergo
kakauriZes da nugzar jafariZes, fotoxelovans Salva
arTmelaZes, teleJurnalists, teleoperators,
mZRols fridon zoiZes da am werilis avtors mogveca.
es Sexvedra dauviwyaria Tavisi SinaarsiTa da guluxvi
maspinZlobiT. amitom detalebs ar Sevexebi. vityvi mxo-

399
lod, rom Cvenma maspinZelma mTeli sofeli Sekriba da
is dRe did dResaswaulad aqcia. dainteresebul mkiT-
xvels SeuZlia gaecnos gazeT `aWaris~ 1996 wlis 15 noem-
bris nomerSi sergo kakauriZis werils, `mobrZandiT
mecxre qorwilSi~ da gazeT `aRorZinebis~ 21 noembris
nomerSi nugzar jafariZis werils, `WanWaTSi saTqmeli
sadRegrZelo~. am dauviwyari SexvedriT miRebul STa-
beWdilebaze mec gamovTqvi oriode sityva: `CemTvis
Zalze STamagonebeli da, SeiZleba iTqvas, `aRmoCena~
iyo sofeli WanWaTi, guriis erT-erTi umSvenieresi ad-
gili Coxatauris, lanCxuTisa da ozurgeTis sazRvris
maxloblad. mTavari mainc Tavad WanWaTelebis, Sromis-
moyvare, qveynis patrioti, sicocxliT savse, mxiaruli,
momlxeni adamianebis gacnoba iyo. verc ki warmovidgen-
di, rom Cemi Zveli megobrisa da SesaniSanvi mecenatis
avTandil wulaZis ezoSi vnaxavdi namdvil subtropi-
kul walkots, citrusebiT, feixoaTi, kowaxuriT, bro-
weuliT, bambukebiT savse baRnars, aqauri kacis Sromis
nayofs, kacisa, romelic aris inteligenti, magram sof-
lad yofnisas mSromel glexad iqca da dovlaTs qmnis~.
`narkvevebis avtorebi mTel rig xerxebs mimarTaven. Tu
saWiroa, SeiZleba daiweros, romelSic ambavi mTlianad
gmirebis gamonaTqvamebisagan Sedgeba.sakuTari sityve-
biT hyvebian. narkvevis weris stili SeiZleba kinokame-
ris obieqtivs SevadaroT. am SemTxvevaSi jer telesko-
pis linziT vfokusirdebiT scenis mcire detalze da va-
didebT~(1-3). `sofeli WanWaTi marto amiT ar damamax-
sovrda, — gviyveba avtori. aq iseve rogorc namdvil Zmas
Sehferis, Seifares stiqiuri ubedurebis dros usaxlka-
rod darCenili Cemi mezoblebi, aWarlebi, 28 ojaxi, rom-
lebic axla namdvil mSobliur miwaze grZnoben Tavs.
mravldebian, qorwindebian da axali saqarTvelos ime-
diT cxovroben. maTi momavali bednierebis sawindari

400
swored aqaurTa didi yuradReba, gverdiT dgoma da
zrunva iyo.~ narkvevis daskvniT nawilSi avtori saub-
robs im didi samegobros Sesaxeb, romlebic Zalian kar-
gad icnobdnen narkvevis gmiris xasiaTs, stumarTmoyva-
reobis wessa da adaTs, romlebsac piradad araerTxel
gamoucdiaT da darwmunebulan kacurkacobis madlsa da
RirsebaSi da erTgvari sevdanarevi, tkiviliani mogone-
biT exmianeba da ixsenebs maTTan erTad gatarebul dRe-
ebs. narkvevis dasasruls avtori aseTi `dauviwyari Sex-
vedriT miRebul STabeWdilebaze~ amaxvilebs mkiTxveli
sazogadoebis yuradRebas da gvTavazobs `sakuTari Tva-
liT~ danaxul sofel WanWaTs, guriis erT-erT umSveni-
eres adgils Coxatauris, lanCxuTisa da ozurgeTis saz-
Rvris maxloblad. narkvevis dasasruli Zalze STambeW-
davia da saintereso. TiTqos iseTi tempiT sruldeba,
rogorc daiwyo. xazgasma narkvevis gmiris Semoqmedeba-
ze, inteleqtsa da niWierebaze, ojaxsa da samegobroze,
romelic narkvevs gansakuTrebul xiblsa da mimzidve-
lobas sZens, narkvevis gmiris damsaxurebasac kidev er-
Txel usvams xazs da aseve narkvevis avtoris maRalpro-
fesionalizmzec Cvendauneburad amaxvilebs yuradRe-
bas.

gamoyenebuli literatura:

1. melvin menCeri, axali ambebis gaSuqeba da wera~, 2013,

gv.175; gv.178; gv.177
2. T.malaRuraZe, Tanamedrove publicisturi Janrebis Ta-
viseburebani, Tb.2009, gv.103
3. gazeTi `baTumis universiteti~-2014w. maisi -№5
4. `aWara~, 1996 weli, 30 ivlisi

401
 XIII

feletoni

ganmartebiTi leqsikonis mixedviT feleton-i

[frang. feuilleton] — cocxlad, iumoriT dawerili saga-
zeTo moTxrobaa, romelic amasxaravebs Tanamedrove
cxovrebis naklovan mxareebs, maxinj movlenebs. Tu Ca-
vixedavT literaturul enciklopediur leqsikonSi,
vnaxavT rom: `am Janrs axasiaTebs komikuri sawyisi da
aucileblad aqtualoba~(1-1). samamulo feletonis os-
tatebs Soris arian sulxan-saba orbeliani, ivane kere-
seliZe, anton furcelaZe, ilia WavWavaZe, akaki wereTe-
li, niko nikolaZe, giorgi wereTeli, giorgi TumaniSvi-
li, daviT kldiaSvili da sxvebi. feletonis amocanaa
uWkuobis, uvicobis, windauxedaobis, yeyeCobis dacin-
va, erTi sityviT im yvelafrisa, rac sazogadoebis
progressa da ganviTarebas uSlis xels. feletonisaT-
vis damaxasiaTebeli gamorCeuli Tviseba sicilia, ro-
melic amavdroulad sazogadoebis zneobrivi janmrTe-
lobis niSansac warmoadgens. feletonSi mTavaria iu-
moris grZnobiT, magram boRmis gareSe asaxo boroteba.
feletonis avtori faqtis, movlenis, procesis, situa-
ciis gadmosacemad mimarTavs satiras, satira ki Cveu-
lebriv groteskisa da hiperbolis saSualebiT cdi-
lobs aCvenos sazogadoebas cxovrebis mankierebani.
sityva groteskic ucxo sityvaTa leqsikonis mixedviT
frangulia da igulisxmeba: (frang. grotesque < ital.
grota — miwisqveSa nagebobebi, romlebic morTuli iyo
ornamentiT, romelSic sasacilod iyo Serwymuli mce-
nareebis, cxovelebis da adamianebis gamosaxulebani).
aseve igulisxmeba stili, roca usazRvro karikatu-

402
rul gazviadebaze, urTierTgamomricxav kontrasteb-
ze, paradoqsebze agebuli fantaziiT deformirebulia
sinamdvile. mxatvruli xerxi, rac damyarebulia me-
tismet gazviadebaze, mkveTri kontrastebis — realo-
bisa da fantastikis, tragikulisa da komikuris Sexame-
baze, romelic emyareba movlenis uaryofiTi, sasaci-
lo mxareebis ganzrax gazviadebas, mkveTri kontraste-
bis Sexamebas( 1-2). hiperbola (berZ. hyperbole gazviade-
ba) — sagansa Tu movlenas gazviadebulad warmoadgens.
es sityva berZnuli warmoSobisaa da gadaWarbebas, gaz-
viadebas niSnavs.mag `Rvino mdinaresaveT moedineba~.
sabWoTa periodSi feletoni presis furclebze da es-
tradaze zepiri monologebis formiT gacilebiT me-
tad iyo gavrcelebuli, vidre dRes... am Janrisadmi da-
mokidebuleba nawilobriv SeiZleba aixsnas didi socia-
lur-politikuri cvlilebebiT, politikuri, ekonomi-
kuri, samoqalaqo reformebiT, zneobrivi faseulobe-
bis gadafasebiT da a.S. magram umeteswilad es gamoiw-
via Janris sfecifikurma Taviseburebebmac. feletonis
dawera ioli ar aris. jer erTi saWiroa `mwvave,~ mtkiv-
neuli faqtis aRmoCena, romelic Tanabrad miuRebelia
sazogadoebisaTvis da iwvevs uaryofiT emocias. amas-
Tan, ar unda hqondes kerZo, pirovnuli xasiaTi — mis
ukan unda idges sxva sazogadoebrivad mniSvnelovani
da saintereso faqtebi, romlebic erTianobaSi qmnian
satiris Rirs tipiur movlenas. meore, feletonis av-
torisaTvis Zalian mniSvnelovania kargad erkveodes
ganxilvis saganSi, iyos im konkretuli detalebiT Seia-
raRebuli, romlebic teqstSi unda iyos warmoCenili
garkveuli logikuri TanamimdevrobiT (1-3). es ki pub-
licistur gamomsaxvelobasTan erTad maRal litera-
turul gemovnebasac niSnavs. swored amgvari Sereuli

403
literaturul-publicisturi paTosi gansazRvravs
feletonis arss, bunebasa da xasiaTs, Tundac Tvisebas.
literaturul-publicisturi nazavi niSania asaxvis
gamorCeulobisa, problemis arsSi wvdomisa, realobis
gansxvavebulad Cveneba-gadmocemisa. sazogadoebas eZ-
leva saSualeba `datkbes~ cxovrebaSi arsebuli mankie-
rebaTa da naklovanebaTa sasacilo formiT gadmocemi-
Ta da mxilebiT. amrigad, feletoni es Janria, romelic
moiTxovs sityvis virtuozul flobas, kargad infor-
mirebulobas, agreTve sxvadasxva faqtebs Soris mizez-
Sedegobrivi kavSiris dadgenis unars.
kacobrioba dauokeblad iswrafvis cxovrebis ga-
keTilSobilebisaTvis, ukeTesi mermisis damkvidrebi-
saTvis. igi cdilobs miaRwios gacilebiT ukeTes piro-
bebs, vidre gaaCnia. es yvelaferi ki mraval cvlilebeb-
sa da sirTuleebs, gansxvavebul Sexedulebebsa da mid-
gomebs badebs. am gzaze bevria iseTi winaaRmdegobebi,
romelTa gadasalaxad sxvadasxva Sinaarsisa da xasia-
Tis iaraRs iyenebda sazogadoeba. klasTa brZola amis
saukeTeso nimuSadac SeiZleba CavTvaloT. maT Soris
sicilis iaraRi erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani, sain-
tereso, adamianuri cnobierebis, misi filosofiuri
wvdomis yvelaze saintereso gamovlinebad, siRrmise-
ul, gaazrebul da inteleqtualur iaraRad unda miviC-
nioT. rodesac adamianebs aiZuleben ara ZaldatanebiT,
sisxliT, wamebiT, tanjviT daTmos sakuTari idealebi,
aramed TviTon naxos es yvelaferi, Tavadve ganicados
da dainaxos, irwmunos da daijeros sakuTar Sexedule-
baTa samarTlianoba Tu usamarTloba. amis mravali ni-
muSi da magaliTi mogvepoveba rogorc qarTuli aseve
msoflio literaturidan. sulxan-saba orbelianis
igavTa krebuli amis saukeTeso nimuSia. me-19 saukunis
qarTuli mwerlobac mis winaSe dasmuli mTavari prob-

404
lemebis gadaWraSi sicils Zalze didi xelovnebiTa da
ostatobiT iyenebda. mag. ivane kereseliZis Jurnal
`ciskris~ `salaybo furceli~(1-4). amave JurnalSi ga-
moqveynebuli niWieri axalgazrda kalmosnebis iumo-
riT aRsavse werilebis seria-ilia WavWavaZis, akaki we-
reTlis, kirile lorTqifaniZis niko nikolaZis da
sxvaTa, swored sazogadoebis gamofxizlebis, missave
wiaRSi mimdinare mosalodneli Tu moulodneli didi
da seriozuli cvlilebebis naTeli gamoxatuleba iyo.
sazogadoeba TavisTavad Sinaganad emzadeboda didi da
saintereso wiaRsvlebisaTvis, rasac epoqa realur
cxovrebaSi konkretul adamianebs pirispir axvedrebda
da swored es fizikuri da sulieri wrTobis saukeTeso
nimuSi iumoris damkvidrebaSic aisaxeboda. me-19 sau-
kunis 70-iani wlebidan es gza kidev ufro metad ganav-
rces igive ilia WavWavaZem mis mierve daarsebul `ive-
riaSi~, niko nikolaZem-gazeT `droebasa~ da `obzorSi~,
akakim-gazeT `droebasa~ da Jurnal `xumaraSi~ da sxveb-
ma. mogvianebiT daviT kldiaSvilma iumori gamoiyena
qarTveli kacis sasacilo, metad mZime da autaneli
mdgomareobis gasaqilikeblad, magram ara rogorc Seu-
racxyofis, piradi Rirsebis Selaxvis, aramed mankiere-
baTa da naklovanebaTa mxilebiTa da saaSkaraoze gamo-
taniT cdilobda drouli reagireba moexdina adre-
sats situaciis Sesacvlelad, mdgomareobis gamosas-
woreblad, viTarebis gasaumjobeseblad. am mxriv bevri
sxva qarTveli mwerali Tu publicisti marTlac sani-
muSoni da samagaliToni arian. gamokveTil Jurnalis-
tur Janrad Camoyalibebamde me-19 saukunis dasawyisSi
sityva feletons evropaSi sxva mniSvnelobiTac xma-
robdnen. Tavdapirvelad feletoni niSnavda furcels
(frangulad es sityva furcels niSnavs)(1-5), romelsac
damatebis saxiT urTavdnen frangul gazeTebs. aseT

405
furclebze ibeWdeboda TavSesaqcevi literaturuli
masalebi, romlebsac xalxi etaneboda. dRevandeli ga-
gebiT, feletoni mxatvrul-publicisturi Janria, ro-
melsac gamokveTili specifikuri asaxvis forma da Si-
naarsi gaaCnia da mis Rirebulebasa da saWiroebaze aRa-
ravin davobs. Tanamedrove qarTuli presis magaliTze
aseve Zalze sainteresoa feletonis asaxvis sivrce da
areali, problematuroba da adeqvaturoba, operatiu-
loba da interesi rogorc sazogadoebis, ise asaxvis
obieqtis mxridan. Tanamedrove feletonis, rogorc
Janris arsebobisa da aqtualurobis ganmsazRvreli ni-
Sani qarTuli sazogadoebis mxridan sworedac misdami
did interesSi devs, rac ganpirobebulia amave sazoga-
doebis survilsa da miswrafebaze demokratiul faseu-
lobaTa damkvidrebisa da samoqalaqo sazogadoebaze
gadasvlis aucilebelobiT. qarTul presaSi gamoqvey-
nebuli feletoni sworedac is mxatvrul-publicistu-
ri Janria, romelic amxels da akritikebs sazogadoeb-
riv cxovrebaSi arsebul naklovanebebs; aCvenebs mis
uaryofiT, mankier, miuRebel mxareebs. es yvelaferi ki
emyareba ara mogonil, sadRac fantaziis wiaRSi aRmo-
cenebul, aramed konkretul faqtobriv masalas, rea-
lobas, sinamdviles. am JanrisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli
publicisturi SemarTeba, satirisa da iumoris Zala da
unari, Sesabamisi mxatvruli azrovnebis, xatovani xer-
xebis da saSualebebis gamoyenebaSi gamoixateba. moviy-
vanoT magaliTebi Tanamedrove qarTuli beWduri medi-
idan da kidev erTxel davrwmundebiT, rom msgavsi asax-
vis forma JurnalistikaSi saWiroebis TvalsazrisiT
ara Tu kargavs mniSvnelobas, aramed axal masStabebs
iZens da ase iqneba momavalSic. gazeT `kviris palitra~
18-07-2011, mkiTxvel sazogadoebas awvdis msgavsi Sina-
arsis publikacias, saTauriT `gampraveblebi~.

406
 umuSevroba, ukiduresi siRatake da gaWirveba, mZi-
me socialuri foni aiZulebs adamianebs gadadgan maT-
Tvis miuRebeli nabijebi, uari Tqvan Rirsebasa da ada-
mianobaze, axloblobasa da megobrobaze, Tvali dauxu-
Won samarTlianobas da yvelaferi gaakeTon, oRondac
fuli iSovon, lukma-puri ar moakldeT da sxva danar-
Cens TavSic qva uxlia. am yvelafers emateba xelisuf-
lebis mxridan gamovlenili ususuroba da uniaToba,
windauxedaoba da diletantizmi, romelTa qmedebebi
pirdapir xels uwyobs sazogadoebis konkretuli wev-
rebis mxridan amgvar qmedebebs, piriqiT xSirad swored
aseTi adamianebis waxalisebac xdeba da sabolood ki es
yvelaferi aisaxeba cxovrebaze, adamianTa yofa-cxov-
rebaze, maT ganwyobasa da fsiqikaze da saerTo jamSi ki
isev qveyana da xalxi, sazogadoeba zaraldeba. Tvali
gavadevnoT publikacias da mivyveT movlenebs:
`— isev umuSevari xar xo, Se sawyalo? — daminaxa Tu
ara, SesZaxa Cemma megobarma, mere Cems totalizatoris
wagebul bileTs daacqerda da mkiTxa, — ar ginda samu-
Sao?
samuSao rogor ar mindoda, magram didi xelfasi
rom momeTxova, Zalian dafasebuli saxe miviRe (Zmakac-
ma maswavla, ase qenio) da vTqvi: – gaaCnia samuSaos.
megobari eSmakobas mimixvda (saubedurod, is Zma-
kaci saerTo gvyavda). xelmklavi gamomdo da manqanaSi
Camsva.
mec mivxvdi, rom megobari mimixvda da vikiTxe:
– kargi, ra samuSaoa aseTi?
– xelfasi maRali geqneba, magram..…
– ra, magram? — SemeSinda me.
– magram namusi unda gadado droebiT gverdze.
Sevyoymandi, Tumca gamaxsenda, rom mxolod erTi

407
lari medo jibeSi da davTanxmdi. samuSao ki aseTi iyo:
erT-erT ofisSi, ucnauri saxeliT `arlamenti~, klien-
tebisTvis unda gagvewia daxmareba. Cemi megobris gar-
da ofisSi kidev erTi TanamSromeli muSaobda.
male gamoCnda pirveli klientic, romelic cols
saxlidan gamoegdo. – ratom gamogagdo? — vkiTxe me.
– sayvareli myavda saxlSi... coli wasuli iyo, mag-
ram moulodnelad dabrunda da loginSi wagvadga Tavs,
miSveleT rame.
– nu geSinia, — gaamxneva Cemma megobarma, — movifiq-
rebT rames.
klienti wavida, Cven ki kreatiuli TaTbiri gav-
marTeT.
– modi, vTqvaT, rom qali Zalian maxinji iyo, — Tqva
Cveni ofisis meore TanamSromelma. – mere? — davinte-
resdi me.
– mere, viTom ayaCaRebda da eubneboda, Cqara, miT-
xari, fuli sad gaqvso? – mere? — axla Cemi megobari da-
interesda.
– mere viTom aman ar Tqva, maxinjma qalma ki gaupa-
tiureba dauwyo, swored am dros dabrunda colic.
idea brwyinvale iyo, saswrafod davurekeT kli-
ents da avuxseniT, ra unda eTqva colisTvis. movlene-
bi Zalian kargad ganviTarda — coli Seurigda qmars,
xolo sayvareli cixeSi Casves gaupatiurebis muxliT.
ofisis saqmeebi nel-nela ewyoboda, klienti uamravi
gvyavda. erT dResac meriis TanamSromeli mogvadga da
gvTxova:
— biWebo, denis gadasaxads nagavi unda mivabaT da
aba, Tqven iciT, iseTi rame moifiqreT, rom es gavapra-
voT. xom iciT, fulze guls ar dagwyvetT. urTulesi

408
saqme iyo, magram siZneles ar SevuSindiT da fiqri da-
viwyeT: – `mteri ormoc kilometrSia~ — ar gamogvadge-
ba? — vikiTxe me.
– ara, ar gamogvadgeba, — iuara Cemma megobarma.
– `Tu ar gadavixdiT, ruseTis wisqvilze davasxamT
wyals~? — azri gamoTqva meore TanamSromelma.
– arc es, — fiqrianad upasuxa Cemma megobarma, — ra-
Rac axali gvinda.
– momafiqrda, — daviyvire me, — vTqvaT, viTom es
iseTi kanonia, Raribebs gadasaxadi cota mouwevs da
mdidrebs — bevri, rac socialur Tanasworobas daamya-
rebs. rogoria?
– cudi araa, — gauxarda megobars, — Tanac davama-
toT, rom samagierod qalaqi sufTa iqneba da moqalaqe-
ebis sixaruls sazRvari ar eqneba.
– ki magram, — eWvianad ikiTxa meore TanamSromelma,
— xuT-eqvsjer meti gadasaxadi rom miuva mosaxleobas?
– eg araferi, — vTqvi me, — aseT xalxs avuxsniT,
rom radgan bevri gadasaxadi mouvidaT, ese igi mdidre-
bi yofilan da sawuwunod ki ara, sasixarulod hqoniaT
saqme.
– gadawyvetilia, brwyinvale ideaa! — SesZaxa gaxa-
rebulma Cemma megobarma da meriaSi dareka.
meriaSi Cveni proeqti moiwones da danapirebze me-
ti fuli mogvces, Tan dagvpirdnen, TqvenTan kidev uam-
ravi saqme gveqneba da aba, Tqven iciTo. nel-nela popu-
larulebi vxdebodiT. ukve saojaxo wvrilman saqmeebs
ar viRebdiT, meriidan uamravi saqme Semodioda. Cvenda
sasixarulod, parlamentmac iseTi kanonebis miReba da-
iwyo, rom parlamentarebi Cvens ofisSi ufro met dros
atarebdnen, vidre parlamentSi. mokled, fuli Tavze

409
sayrelad gvqonda da regionebSi filialebic ki gavxse-
niT.
erT dRes niRbiani kaci mogvadga da ufrosi ikiTxa:
– me var, — miugo, cota ar iyos, SeSinebulma Cemma
megobarma.
– Tu SeiZleba, gverdze gavideT, — uTxra Cvenma
ucnaurma stumarma. me yurebi davcqvite da ramdenime
winadadeba gavarCie kidec.
– diax, mesmis, — Tavs ukanturebda Cemi megobari.
– parlamentarad gaxval, yvelaferi geqneba, rac
ginda, ofissac lobirebas gauwev, — eubneboda niRbosa-
ni.
mere xma ufro daidabla da aRaraferi mesmoda.
Tumca saubris dasasruls mxolod erTi winadadeba ga-
varCie:
– xom gesmis, misi pirvel pirad darCena Zalian de-
mokratiuli unda Candes ara marto qarTveli xalxis-
Tvis, aramed msoflio sazogadoebriobisTvisac. aba,
Sen ici~.
msgavsi xasiaTisa da Sinaarsisaa Semdegi feleto-
nic, romelic pirvel rigSi xelisufalTa uWkuobasa da
uvicobas, saqmeSi Cauxedaobasa da diletantizms, win-
dauxedaobasa da gauazreblobas asaxavs. ra kargi gamo-
naTqvamia: `Tevzi Tavidan yroldebao,~ magram vin moaW-
ras Tevzs Tavi? erTi magaliTi moviyvanoT amasTan da-
kavSirebiT. Tagvebma moilaparakes, katas „eJvani~ Seva-
baT kiserze da Cvens dasaWerad rom wamova, eJvani xmas
gamoscems da Cvenc gaviqceviTo. yvelam miiRo es wina-
dadeba da moiwona, magram aravin gamoCnda kataze `eJ-
vnis~ Sembmeli. an da romeli Tagvi gabedavda katis ki-
serze `eJvanis~ morgebas? es xom yvelaze saxifaTo da
damRupveli nabiji iyo yvelaze ufro mamaci TagvisaT-

410
visac ki? mliqvneloba, gaubedaoba, simxdale rigi Ci-
novnikebisa zemdgomebis mimarT, xolo zemdgomTa
swrafva yovlisSemZleobasa da yovlismflobelobisa-
ken, iwvevs swored Tevzis Tavidan ayrolebas. magram,
samwuxarod, Tevzis siyrole sanam autaneli ar gaxdeba
ara mxolod qveynis SigniT, manam aravin aranair zomebs
ar an ver mimarTavs. samwuxarod, yvelas aqvs survili
maRal Tanamdebobasa da skams moergos, magram ramde-
nad gawvdeba misi inteleqti da gonebrivi SesaZleblo-
bebi, ramdenad eyofa profesionalizmi Tavi gaarTvas
arsebul problematikas, aravin fiqrobs. yvelas aqvs
survili meti moiparos, meti Caijibos, meti waiRos, xo-
lo sxva danarCeni ar adardebs. misTvis ara aris mTava-
ri: vis ara aqvs saWmlis, wamlis, wignebis, denis, mgzav-
robis fuli, mTavari da mniSvnelovani mxolod erTia:
TviTon iyos kargad, ojaxi hyavdes uzrunvelad, Svi-
lebi ikvebebodnen madianad, swavlobdnen prestiJul
saswavleblebSi, sxva danarCeni-qveyana da xalxi, ra ena-
ze mosatania. rom ityvian, am SemTxvevaSic gavadevnoT
Tvali morig magaliTs da sxva bevr uniaTo da uxeiro
suraTsac davinaxavT Cveni cxovrebidan, sarkesaviT
gvaCvenebs xelisufalTa da uzneo CinovnikTa saxeebs
da kidev erTxel dagvafiqrebs, rodis eSveleba qveya-
nas, xalxs, sazogadoebas, mis erT konkretul wevrs.
gazeTi `kviris palitra~ 17-01-2011weli.
` — mTas Tavi unda movaWraT aWaraSi, — miTxra Cemma uf-
rosma da odnav darcxvenilma Semomxeda, — sul zevida-
naa brZaneba...
jer vifiqre, rom momeCvena, mere vifiqre, rom Tma
miTxra da ara mTa da am imeds CavebRauWe.
– ras miyureb, ver gaige? mTa unda moWra! — gada-
miwura imedi ufrosma. Tumca me Cemsas ar viSlidi da

411
amjerad yurebi movisinje, magram amaod, — orive yuri
adgilze mqonda da sruli datvirTviT muSaobda.
– rogor unda movWra mTa? — movisawyle Tavi da
ufross sacodavad SevaCerdi.
– rogorc zemodan miTxres, unda gaakeToT didi
birdabiri da imiT... Turme baTumis Tavze Rrublebma
rom ar moiyaron Tavi da wvimam damsveneblebi ar gaaq-
cios, amisTvis yofila saWiro — mipasuxa zemdgomma,
amoioxra da Tvalidan cremli gadmougorda.
ufrosis mdgomareobaSi Sevedi da gamxnevebis niS-
nad mxarze xeli movuTaTune.
– magram es yvelaferi araa... — daiwyo isev ufros-
ma.
saSinelebis molodinSi warbebic ki yalyze damid-
ga.
– aba, kidev ra unda vqna? — vikiTxe sul mTlad
momCvarulma.
– ra unda qna da svaneTSi mwvervali unda gaanaTo,
winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi,
daWera arc Sen agcdeba da arc me!
zemdgoms winadadeba arc ki hqonda damTavrebu-
li, rom guli wamivida. Cems ufross rom ar emarjva da
wyali ar esxurebina, samudamod davtovebdi opozici-
is gareSe isedac eulad darCenil saqarTvelos.
– ra iyo, Se kaco, — gamamxneva man, — ager varT yve-
la da mogexmarebiT!
mogexsenebaT, profesiiT inJineri var, xidebs va-
Seneb, gvirabebi gamyavs, saxlebis fasadebs vRebav, mag-
ram mTis moWra da ganaTeba arsad gamigia da wamikiT-
xavs, amitom oTaxSi naxevrad gulwasuli savarZelze
davjeqi da fiqri daviwye.

412
 – ras Svrebi, — Semomxeda ufrosma fiqrebSi wa-
suls, — idea gaqvs, Tu SevukveTo birdabiri?
– SeukveTe birdabiri, — vuTxari me da fexze wa-
movdeqi.
giganturi birdabiri ucxoeTSi CamovasxmevineT.
mefoladem jer profilaqtikis mizniT Sublze momado
xeli, mere, roca darwmunda, rom Cemi temperatura
normaluri iyo, mkiTxa:
– Tqven romeli qveynis xelisuflebidan xarT?
– saqarTvelodan! — amayad mivuge.
mefoladem Cemi Sublidan xeli aiRo, aao, — Tqva
da damSvidda.
– geTqva mere, kaco, ras SemaSine, Cemi megobris
firmidan Senma kolegebma mTis gasanaTebeli teqnika
SeiZines.
5 dReSi uzarmazari birdabiri mzad iyo! misi dam-
zadeba da transportireba Cemi uwyebis sakmaod didi
biujetis 35 procenti dajda. ramdenime Tve me da Cemi
TanamSromlebi vxerxavdiT mTas, Tumca muSebi nel-ne-
la gvtovebdnen da saxlebSi midiodnen; erTma muSam
wasvlisas isic ki miTxra, Sen rom ufrosi xar da me —
muSa, im saxelmwifos ra vuTxario. mere uzarmazar
birdabirs kidev erTxel Sexeda damcinavad da kacob-
riobisaTvis dRemde ucnobi ginebiT datova mTis te-
ritoria.
2 Tvis Semdeg samuSaod mxolod me da Cemi ufrosi
davrCiT xerxis da RvTis anabara, mTis wveri ki Zvele-
burad idga... swored am dros sul zevidan zari gaisma!
nomers daxeda Tu ara, Cems ufross mkvdarsa da TiT-
qmis mkvdars Soris rom feria, is feri daedo saxeze da
gismenTo, — CasZaxa, Semdeg ki aseTi dialogi movismine:

413
 – diax, vWriT, batono!
– diax, ra Tqma unda, xerxiT mSvenivrad iWreba,
kargad mogifiqrebiaT.
— ganaTebac advilia, diax, hesi avaSeneT mwverval-
Tan da axla gavanaTebT.
– diax, Zalian iafi dajda, TiTqmis araferi, hesi
da kidev ramdenime raRac... sul egaa...
– or TveSi CamoxvalT da gaxsniT? gelodebiT,
naxvamdis!
yurmilis dadebisTanave Cems ufross mkvdrisfe-
ri jer mwvaneSi gadauvida, mere — wiTelSi, mere — na-
rinjisferSi, mere — avahmeo, — daiZaxa da qarafidan ga-
daxtoma daapira, magram me ganzraxvas mivuxvdi, Tan
wamis meaTasedSi isic gavifiqre, rom pirvel pirs mar-
to unda davxvedrodi da ufross xeli vtace.
– nu geSinia, idea maqvs, — vuTxari da wyali Sevas-
xure.
Cemi ideiT, mTis wverisTvis miwa unda mogveyara
da mere kargad dagvetkepna, ise, rom birdabiriT ga-
daWrils damsgavseboda! ufrosma iseTi mosiyvarule
TvalebiT Semomxeda, cota ar iyos, SemeSinda, grZnoba
vnebaSi ar gadasvloda, amitom swrafad movkide xeli
da ideis ganxorcielebas SevudeqiT.
male yvelaferi mzad iyo! darCenili iyo svaneTSi
mwvervalis ganaTeba, sadac Cveni biujetis 45%-is Sem-
wiravi hesi dasasruls uaxlovdeboda, es problemac
maleve movagvareT, marTalia qarafebze Camokidebuli
muSebi karga xans akanturebdnen Tavebs da Cems danax-
vaze pirjvarsac iwerdnen xolme, magram erT-erT qa-
rafze mSvenieri hesi mainc avageT da mwvervali ise ga-
vanaTeT, rom iqidan aWaraSi gadaWrili mTac mSveniv-

414
rad Canda, svanebi, kaxelebi, aWarlebi gaognebulebi
Sescqerodnen udides saocrebas — gadaWril mTas da
ganaTebul mwvervals... prezidentic movida ukrainul
delegaciasTan erTad (ZiriTadad — qalebTan), Cam-
rTvels xeli daaWira da mTa gaanaTa! vgrZnobdi, amis
Semxedvare Cems ufross siyvaruliani Tvalebi ukve
vnebiT uelavda, magram raRas daveZebdi!.. yvelas gvi-
xaroda da yvelaferi kargad damTavrdeboda, erTi ka-
xeli soflis gamgebeli rom ar momaxloeboda da ar
eTqva:
– Seni Wirime, Sen Semogevle, Cems sofels mTa fa-
ravs da yurZens sitkbos ukargavs, hoda, prezidentma
im mTis imereTSi gadatana damavala! iqneb rogorme da-
mexmaro...~
teqstis kiTxvisas sasaciloc bevria da satira-
lic, dasajerebelica da daujerebelic, magram mTava-
ri da mniSvnelovani isaa, rom am yvelafris ukan mxo-
lod erTi pirovneba idga da misi neba-survilis amsru-
lebeli iyo mTeli qveyana. veravin bedavda xmis amoRe-
bas, gansxvavebuli Sexedulebis, Tundac sruliad sa-
marTliani da swori azris dafiqsirebas, rCevis mice-
mas, radgan yvela Cinovniks Zalian kargad esmoda, ra
daujdeboda es yvelaferi, xolo sxva danarCens ki, sa-
xelmwifo, qveyana, xalxi, erovnuli interesebi, momava-
li da xvalindeli dRe ubralod ar ainteresebda. Ta-
vis gadarCenis instinqtiT moqmedebda yvela da amito-
mac yvelas yvelaferi fexebzedac ar ekida. ar esmoda
samwuxarod aravis, rom amgvari qceva pirvel rigSi ara
mxolod Cinovniks, aramed konkretul pirovnebas-qa-
laqad mcxovrebs, konkretul glexs-soflad daazara-
lebda, inteligents sulierad da fizikurad gamofi-
tavda. ratom? erTi ubralo WeSmaritebis gamo: qveyana,

415
samSoblo, istoriuli miwa-wyali, sadac saukuneTa da
aTaswleulTa ganmavlobaSi ersa da bers erTad ucxov-
ria, uqmnia, uSenebia, aravis kerZo da piradi sakuTreba
ar aris. is Tanabrad ekuTvnis yvelas da masze pasuxis-
mgeblobac yvelaze nawildeba. amitomac xmis amoRebaa
saWiro da umaqnis CinovnikTa droulad mocileba, anu
iseTi arCevanis gakeTeba, rodesac muSaobs Wkua da win-
daxeduleba da ara sixarbe, farisevloba da gamyidve-
loba.
morigi abuCadamgdebi da amasTan sasacilo mdgo-
mareobis maCvenebelia kidev erTi publikacia gazeTSi
`kviris palitra~ 10-12-2012, romelic mkiTxvel sazo-
gadoebas salome gogoxiam miawoda saTauriT: `Tqvens
Zroxas sayure aqvs?~
`Zroxebis patronebo, iyaviT frTxilad! Tu Tqve-
ni Zroxa rames daaSavebs, pasuxs agebT kanonis winaSe!
saRamo xani idga, yvarlidan TbilisSi manqaniT
vbrundebodi. gzad naxiri gadagveRoba. Cemi yuradReba
sayureCamokonwialebulma Zroxebma miiqcies. warmo-
gidgeniaT, ra sanaxavi iqneboda saZovridan Sin mimava-
li, daRlil-daqanculi Zroxa sayuriT?!. siciliT guli
rom vijere, mere mizeziT davinteresdi. Tanamgzavrma
amixsna, axali wesi SemoiRes, sayure danomrilia da
glexi saxelmwifos unebarTvod Zroxas ver daklavs,
fuli unda gadauxadoso. ra dasamalia da, wina xeli-
sufleba fantaziis naklebobas namdvilad ar uCioda,
magram pirutyvis sayureebiT mokazmva metismetia da
Tanac sul cincxalia ambavia — Zroxis `samkauliT mor-
Tva~ zafxulSi gadawyvetila. raRa uWirT glexebs, jer
iyo da pirutyvs mTavar gzebze gamoCena aekrZala. mere,
axlomdebare saZovrebis umravlesoba kerZo sakuTre-
bis xelSi aRmoCnda. ra sainteresoa, Tu gzebze gavla

416
aukrZales, es Zroxebi freniT xom ar gaeSurebodnen
Sors mdebare saZovrebisken? neta amaze Tu ifiqra vin-
mem? xumroba iqiT iyos, rodesac sayureebis Camokide-
bis mizeziT davinteresdi, Zroxebis patronebma amom-
wuravi pasuxi ver gamces. mxolod is miTxres, rom maTi
Zroxebi gamgeobaSi aRricxvaze aayvanines. cnobisTvis,
saxelmwifom rqosani pirutyvis acra winasaarCevnod
wamoiwyo. cxovelebi gansakuTrebiT saSiS daavadebebze
acres. swored am procesis Tanamdevi yofila sayuree-
bic. ubralo sayureebi ar gegonoT, batono, masze uni-
kaluri nomeria datanili, romelic Zroxisa da patro-
nis identifikaciis saSualebas iZleva.
amrigad, acrili, sayuredakidebuli Zroxebis mo-
nacemebi sursaTis uvneblobis erovnuli saagentos spe-
cialur bazaSia Seyvanili. Zroxebis patronebo, iyaviT
frTxilad! Tu Tqveni Zroxa rames daaSavebs, vinmes man-
qanas daazianebs an kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul arasasur-
vel adgilas gadaipareba, pasuxs agebT kanonis winaSe!
albaT amitom, bevrma fermerma acrebsa da sayureebze
uari Tqva. Tumca, saagentom glexebis uari arainformi-
rebulobiT axsna. `ukve acril pirutyvs, saxelmwifo
momavalSic ufasod acris. sanomre niSani ki unikalu-
ria, raTa pirutyvis identificireba moxdes. es meTodi
evropis bevr qveyanaSia aprobirebuli,~ — agvixsna saa-
gentos sazogadoebasTan urTierTobis ufrosma veriko
guluam. misive TqmiT, acrebis paralelurad specia-
luri broSurebi daariges, sadac ganmartavdnen e.w. sa-
yureebis mniSvnelobas. Tumca, glexebis umravlesobam
siaxle damatebiT gadasaxadebs daukavSira~.
masala ukomentarod SemogTavazeT, sadac Cveni
cxovrebis realuri suraTia gadmocemuli da Cveni yo-

417
fis amsaxvel suraTs sainteresod da damajereblad
warmogvidgens. aq mkiTxvelma Tavad unda gaakeTos das-
kvnebi, ramdenad aucilebelia igive xelisufalTa
mxridan amgvari damokidebulebis gamJRavneba. erkvevi-
an ki saqmis arsSi? esmiT ki rasac sCadian, imis mniSvne-
loba? gaazrebuli aqvT mosalodneli Sedegi? aravin
icis uflis meti... amitomac misi gagebisaTvis Tavsac
aravin itkiebs. Jurnalistebis mxridan aseTi proble-
mebisadmi yuradReba da aqcenti umniSvnelovanesi da
aucilebelia, radganac marTalia erTi mercxlis Wik-
Wiki gazafxuls ver moiyvans da problemas ver gadaW-
ris, magram mavans, romelsac ara aqvs protestis xma-
maRla gacxadebis saSualeba: eSinia, daiWeren, pasuxs
moTxoven... rwmena da imedi Caesaxeba, rom samomavlod
mainc xmas amoiRebs vinme da aseT mniSvnelovan proble-
matikas, romelic qveynis, misi erTi konkretuli wev-
ris xvalindel dRes, mis bedsa Tu ubedobas exeba, saS-
veli daadgeba da erTxel da samudamod qveyana da xal-
xi gaiazrebs da gaiTavisebs, rom Cinovnikoba droebiTi
da warmavalia, xolo samSoblo, qveyana xalxi, eri mara-
diuli cnebebia da masze pasuxismgebloba ersac da
bersac Tanabrad ekisreba da moeTxoveba.

literatura:

1. www.nplg.gov.ge
2. `kviris palitra~ 18-07-2011
3. `kviris palitra~ 17-01-2011

418
 XIV

pamfleti

samagido leqsikonSi pamfleti ganmartebulia, ro-

gorc `(ingl. pamphlet < pamphilius — XII saukunis popula-
ruli komediis Pamphilius seu de amore-s gmiris saxeli),
polemikur-agresiuli tonis satiruli Txzuleba, Ziri-
Tadad publicisturi xasiaTisa, romelic mimarTulia
sazogadoebis garkveuli wris, calkeuli pirTa an ama
Tu im politikuri movlenis (zogjer TviT saxelmwifos)
winaaRmdeg. pamfleti Tavisi xasiaTiT mwvave, SeteviTi,
Seuracmyofeli bunebisaa. masSi faqtobrivi masala Sez-
Ruduladaa warmodgenili, simZimis centri gadatanilia
mowinaaRmdegis mimarT mkiTxvelis gaRizianebaze. pam-
fleti cnobilia antikuri xanidan, klasikuri saxe miiRo
da farTod gavrcelda aRorZinebis epoqaSi. (erazm ro-
terdameli, blez paskali da sxvebi). am Janrs mxatvrul-
satirul Txzulebebsac miakuTvneben (sviftis „pamfle-
tebi~, misive „guliveris mogzauroba~, mixeil bulgako-
vis „mewamuli kunZuli~ da sxv). qarTul mwerlobaSi pam-
fleturi xasiaTisaa grigol orbelianis `pasuxi Svil-
Ta~, ilia WavWavaZis `pasuxis pasuxi~. pamfleti sarkaz-
miT gamsWvaluli publicisturi nawarmoebia, romelic
mimarTulia ama Tu im piris, politikuri movlenis da
sxv. winaaRmdeg. saWirboroto sakiTxze, vinmes (raimes)
sawinaaRmdegod mimarTuli, politikuri xasiaTis mwvave
satirikuli statia, broSura~ (1‐1). Tu am ganmartebis mi-
xedviT vimsjelebT, cxadia pamfletis daniSnuleba er-
Tob rTuli, winaaRmdegobrivi da Zalze sariskocaa, rad-
gan misi ara mxolod Seqmna-dawera-xorcSesxmaa mTavari,

419
aramed samizne obieqtis mxridan Semdgomi Tavdacvis er-
Tgvari instinqtis gamomuSavebac.
me-12 saukunis inglisSi cnobili komediis `pamfi-
liusis~ saxelwodebidan saTavedadebuli erT-erTi sa-
tiruli xasiaTis publicisturi Janri, savsebiT gamokve-
Til Janrobriv Taviseburebasa da specifikas swored
missave bunebaSi avlens. pamfleti iseTi publicisturi
iaraRia, romlis saSualebiTac oponentebi erTmaneTs
dauzogavad, maTi ideologiisa da saqmianobis ganadgu-
rebis mizniT ebrZvian. amitom pamfleti xSirad swored
ideologiuri brZolis asparezze gvevlineba, romelSic
mniSvnelovan elementebad gamoiyeneba satiris, ironiis,
parodiis, sarkazmis, groteskis formebi. es `tyvia-wama-
li~ mxolod erT mizans isaxavs, romelsac mowinaaRmde-
gis ideologiuri ganadgureba hqvia. pamfleti bunebiT
moZravi, Semtevi, agresiuli da daudgromel-daundobe-
lia. mas ar aSinebs daRla, manZili, siSore. igi yovelTvis
mzadaa daicvas piradi ambicia, azrebi, ideebi, Sexedule-
bebi. STabeWdilebebsac ki utyuar argumentad asaRebs,
icavs da aRiarebs simarTled da erTaderT WeSmarite-
bad. satira iseTi brZolis iaraRia, romelic aravis in-
dobs, aravis epueba, ubralod mas aravin ecodeba. misi um-
Tavresi interesi sxvis mcdarobasa da sakuTar simar-
Tlianoba-obieqturobas Soris devs, rogorc wyalgamyo-
fi. zogierTi avtoris azriT, pamfleti, rogorc sati-
rul Janri, gulwrfelad amxels politikurad misTvis
miuRebel Sexedulebebsa da ideebs, or politikur Zalas
Soris arsebul winaaRmdegobebsa da dapirispirebas. es
namdvilad asea, magram ar aris sakmarisi pamfletSi mar-
to satira davinaxoT. pamfleti — sabiblioTeko termine-
bis ganmartebiTi leqsikonis mixedviT satiruli xasia-
Tis Txzuleba, romelSic gakicxuli da mxilebulia esa
Tu is sazogadoebrivi movlena an calkeuli pirovneba

420
(pirovnebebi)(1-2).
gazeTi `kviris palitra~, 28-03-2013, — gvTavazobs sa-
intereso publikacias saTauriT: `melia icinis...~ magram
`Cven ra vqnaT, Cven?!~
publicisturi teqstisaTvis zogadad Zalze mniS-
vnelovania saTauri. swored saTaurSivea gamokveTli is
ZiriTadi mamoZravebeli, risi Tqmac surs ama Tu im pub-
likaciiT avtors. es ra Tqma unda, yvela Jurnalistur
Janrs ar Seexeba, magram rasac lids an ubralod quds ve-
ZaxiT, metad mniSvnelovania teqstis mizanmimarTulobis
gansazRvrisaTvis. pamfletis SemTxvevaSic asea, oRond
SesaZloa adresati saTaurSive ar Candes, an ar iyos ga-
mokveTili, magram ZiriTadi saTqmeli, idea, paTosi, ra-
sac msaxurebs mocemul SemTxvevaSi publikacia, saTaurs
erTgvar laitmotivad gasdevs. mocemuli magaliTis mi-
xedviT aSkaraa, rom avtori raRac saintereso da mniSvne-
lovan saTqmels amzadebs, radganac saTauridanve ikve-
Teba, rom misi avtori `arafris damTmobi araa~, raRac
Zalze mniSvnelovani da saintereso ram aqvs saTqmeli.
rogorc ityvian xolme, gavyveT movlenebs: `Zalian meZne-
leba am TemiT dawyeba da arc is minda, rom mkiTxveli ki-
dev erTxel davamZimo ambiT, romelic isedac yvelam
icis. isic vifiqre, jer raime saxaliso-saSayiros davwer
da am ambiT davasruleb-meTqi, magram mainc gadavwyvite,
rom ar iqneba swori! ra dros xumroba da Rlabucia?! sa-
qarTveloSi, XXI saukeneSi, 1 wlis bavSvi SimSiliT mok-
vda!!! aravin CamiTvalos yalb paTetikaSi, magram rode-
sac aseT rames vigeb (vigeb ki ara, axla gavige — kidev kar-
gi, yoveldRe ar xdeba), erTaderTi survili miCndeba: is
socialuri muSaki, vinc es ojaxi daucvelTa siidan amoi-
Ro, im socganyofilebis ufrosi, am xalxis mezoblebi da

421
naTesavebi, vinc icoda, rom bavSvi SimSilobda, soflis
gamgebeli, romelmac `ar icis~ ra xdeba mis sofelSi, ki-
dev ufro zeviT — Sesabamisi ministri Tu misi moadgilee-
bi da a.S. minda erTad Sevyaro sadme, kari gadavuketo da
SimSiliT amovxoco!.. aba, he, damcxeT axla, — Sen uaresi
yofilxaro! mainc ver gadamaTqmevinebT — yvela imsaxu-
rebs da xelic ar amikankaldeba amis gasakeTeblad~.
am striqonebSi aSkaraa saTqmelis msusxavi, pirdapi-
ri, Seufaravi xasiaTi, aSkaraa, rom raRac seriozuli da-
naSauli moxda, magram samwuxaroa aseve, rodesac ar Cans
konkretuli adresati, visac aseT danaSaulobebze pasu-
xi moeTxoveba. `XXI saukeneSi, 1 wlis bavSvi SimSiliT mok-
vda!!!~-acxadebs avtori da iqvea CamonaTvali im Cinovni-
kebisa, romelTac SesaZloa amisaTvis pasuxi moeTxovoT.
aqve publikaciis avtori bodiSs uxdis mkiTxvel sazoga-
doebas, mas ar surs kidev ufro metad daamZimos sazoga-
doebrivi ganwyoba da pirdeba mkiTxvels mxiaruli ambe-
bis moSveliebiT ganmuxtos rTuli viTareba: ` kidev er-
Txel vuxdi bodiSs mkiTxvels — axla gpirdebiT, rom
`mxiarul~ ambebze gadaval. magaliTad, iseTze, rogoric
Sveicariis elCis werili iyo biZina ivaniSvilisadmi:
Tqven ra xalxi yofilxarT, oqro da brilianti, genacva-
leT da gexutuneT, im evroparlamentarebis deda ar va-
tire, Tqven rom is umsgavso werili mogwereso?! evropaSi
Tu rame gagiWirdaT, ar mogeridoT da ar damzogoTo!
rogorc ityvian, `es yvelaferi, — araferi~, magram ita-
liaSi-saqarTvelos-TviTonroegona-mudmivi elCis, tan-
dem `mama-Svili gabaSvilis~ ufrosi wevris, SevardnaZis
droindeli (anu imdroindeli, saqarTveloSi rom ko-
rufciis natamali ar iyo) Tbilisis meris — kote gabaSvi-
lis komentari am werilze marTla sasacilo iyo: Cem-

422
Tvis(!) miuRebelia, romelime qveynis elCma evropis sa-
xalxo partiaze ase ilaparakoso! me(!) vTvli, rom es dip-
lomatisaTvis Seuferebeli saqcieli iyoo!~
publikaciis avtoris sarkazmi da ironia naTlad ik-
veTeba moyvanil abzacSi, rodesac is exeba Sveicariis
elCis werils biZina ivaniSvilisadmi , `mama-Svili gabaSvi-
lis~ tandems, Tbilisis meris — kote gabaSvilis komen-
tars evropis saxalxo partiaze. ironiis, sarkazmis, gro-
teskis, dacinvisa da abuCad agdebis gamoxatvaa, rodesac
paralels `saqarTvelos kompartiis centralur komi-
tetsa da sakavSiro kompartiis Sefobas?!~ Soris avlebs:
`nacionalebisa~ da `evropis saxalxo partiis~ urTier-
TobaSi erTi ZvelTaZveli da TiTqmis daviwyebuli (sam-
wuxarod, `axali — kargad daviwyebuli Zvelia~...) subor-
dinaciis analogia davinaxe: ar geCvenebaT (visac gax-
sovT), rom daaxloebiT aseTi urTierToba hqondaT sa-
qarTvelos kompartiis centralur komitetsa da sakavSi-
ro kompartiis Sefobas?! saakaSvili-martensi `a la~ Se-
vardnaZe-breJnevi? marTla, netav, SevardnaZe ras Svreba?
moberda albaT, Zalian... saintereso ki iqneboda magis
`tvinSi Caxedva~ — ras fiqrobs am yvelaferze — `melia
icinis, kvdeba siciliT~ (rogorc qarTul zRaparSia), Tu
sibereSi mainc sindisis qenjnas grZnobs Tavisi memkvid-
reebis gamo?.. hm, isev mogonebebi momeZala: saakaSvili
rom amerikidan Camoiyvanes, SevardnaZe xalxs rom xvde-
boda quCaSi da amasac rom daatarebda (`natvris xeSi~ rom
daatarebs im modebilo biWs bebiamisi), erTxel sadRac
bazarSi Sevida saakaSvilTan erTad da `mifarcqvale-
bul~ beboebs axara: ai, ra kargi biWia, es iqneba Tqveni mo-
mavali prezidentio!
ara, ara — namdvilad vici: sindisis qenjna ara, isa,

423
namdvilad xiTxiTebs. maSin ise Tqva, — es iqneba Tqveni
prezidentio, aSkarad, raRac goTvernobas gvipirebda da
axla albaT, dagvcinis...~
avtoris xumrobanarevi, magram daundobeli da sas-
tiki, mware sinamdvile da realoba, romelsac elvare
maxviliviT atrialebs mkiTxveli sazogadoebis Tvalwin,
gasuli kinokadrebiviT erTxel kidev axsenebs sazogado-
ebas warsul istorias, Tvalwin warmoudgens mware rea-
lobas da simarTles, romelsac sazogadoeba arasdros
mouxuWavs Tvals. magram ra gamodis avtoris naazrevi-
dan? am yvelafris gamo amis Camdeni ki ar ganicdis, ara-
med jiutad imeorebs: ` ara, ara — namdvilad vici: sindi-
sis qenjna ara, isa, namdvilad xiTxiTebs.~ satiris avtors
esmis, rom saWiro da aucilebelia sazogadoebam icodes
simarTle, rac ar unda mware iyos igi, unda icodes rom
uzneobisa da araadamianuri, sastiki da daundobeli qme-
debebis gamo yvelas moekiTxeba da pasuxs agebs. avtori
agrZelebs CamoTvlas rig sxva umsgavso saqmianobebis:
`...qarma da zRvam lamis waiRo baTumi. saakaSvili maSinve
iq gaCnda: xom vambobdi da gavakeTe proeqti napirsamagri
samuSaoebisTviso (arada, ar ambobda da ar gaukeTebia).
daiviwyeT Cemi arseboba da Cems jibrze nu waalekinebT am
qalaqs stiqiaso! vaaa!!! arada, magas rom dacloda, napir-
samagri samuSaoebis ara da, `oqros qviSis~ proeqti ki
hqonda mzad — milionebad qviSa unda gveyida da baTumis
sanapiroze dagveyara! aba, Tu mixvdebi, miSiko, axla sad
iqneboda is qviSa?! maladec, sworia — `ataSi~! samagierod,
`atadan~ movidoda `atkati~. axla kidev — kovzi gaqvT
`ataSi~... ukacravad, nacarSi. hoda, SeirgeT!~
P.S. isev SevardnaZe da misi dro unda vaxseno: inter-
netSi Zveli gazeTebis statiebi ido: qarTveli moragbee-

424
bisTvis da maTi frangi mwvrTnelisTvis SevardnaZis kan-
celarias jildoebze uari uTqvams — evropis erTa Tasi
didi veraferi gamarjvebaao.
sad fexburTi da sad — ragbi (miT umetes, saqarTve-
loSi), magram gasul kviraSi, safrangeTTan matCis Sem-
dgom gamarTuli preskonferencia gamaxsenda, qecbaia
Jurnalistis SekiTxvam rom gaamwara da, — ratom unda ga-
davdgeo!
imitom unda gadadge, Cemo Temur, rom TamaSebs ver
igeb! xolo `Rirseuli damarcxebebiT~ daboleba, sxva am-
bebSic gveyofa qarTvelebs.~
sainteresoa publikaciis dasasruli. avtori aq
gvevlineba, rogorc brZolis velidan axlad dabrunebu-
li raindi, romelmac didi brZolebi gadaitana, magram
ara daRlili da qancgawyvetili, aramed ufro Semtevi da
imediani, radgan is politikuri `arenidan~ uceb inac-
vlebs sportul samyaroSi da ara mxolod kenwlavs qar-
Tuli sportis bolodroindel aqilevsis qusladqceul
fex-burTs, aramed mkacri, mouridebeli toniT mimar-
Tavs nakrebis mTavar mwvrTnels sakuTari pasuxismgeb-
lobisa da valdebulebis gaTavisebaze. pamfletis avto-
ris pozicia naTelia: mankiereba unda gamoswordes Zali-
an male, magram problemaTa mravalgvaroba, romelic xse-
nebul publikaciaSia warmodgenili erTad afiqrebinebs
yvelas, rom misi gamosworebisaTvis didi sazogadoebri-
vi pasuxismgebloba da garjaa saWiro. pamfletis dari
`tyvia-wamali~ SevniSneT aseve gazeT `kviris palitris~ —
09-01-2013-Si gamoqveynebul publikaciaSi, ufro swored
interviuSi saTauriT: `robiko sturuam `nadirobis se-
zonSi~ cixis Semzaravi kadrebi iwinaswarmetyvela?!~
marTalia moyvanili magaliTebi interviudanaa amoRebu-
li, magram aSkaraa, rom cnobili reJisori pamfletisaT-

425
vis damaxasiaTebel klasikur `ileTebs~ mimarTavs da da-
undoblad amaTraxebs im Cinovnikiebs, romelTac, misi
azriT, qveyana mZime mdgomareobaSi Caagdes. magaliTebic
uamravi mohyavs da es mtkicebulebani, sxva Zalze moxde-
nilad `moxmarebuli~ da moSveliebuli gamoxatvis sxva-
dasxva formebiT: ironiiT, sarkazmiT, satiriT, dacin-
viT, abuCad agdebiT erTad yvelafriT mimarTulia iqiT-
ken, rom publikaciis adresatebis araadamianuri saxe da
saqcieli yvelas daanaxos, gaaSiSvlos da saxalxod aCve-
nos am damnaSaveTa namdvili saxe da erTxel da samuda-
mod gaigos yvelam vin arian es adamianebi: `5 ianvari! 5
ianvari! qarTvelebo, droze moviSoroT es debili, Tavi-
si uzneo monebiT! droze! ratom unda vuTminoT aTi we-
li am CaTlaxebis (didi bodiSi) parpaSs! Tavisi gadarCe-
nisTvis es gaxrwnilebi, kargad rom ician ra saSineleba
eliT, saqarTvelos gaanadgureben, sakuTar col-Svils
daklaven, mSoblebs gaaqroben, oRond is miliardebi,
rac qarTvelebs mopares, Tavis uwmindur vnebebs moaxma-
ron (ivaniSvils amdeni fuli sad aqvs, rac am qurdebma
Caijibes!)...amis gamo giJdeba, cofs yris da ojaxebSi
darbis is abanos meqise... 5 ianvari! 5 ianvari! xuTi ianva-
ri~...
...Cemi dapirispireba daiwyo daaxloebiT ori wlis
Semdeg, rac xelisuflebaSi movidnen. Semdeg speqtakli
davdgi laSa buRaZis piesis mixedviT, sadac dainaxes Cemi
damokidebuleba maT mimarT.. adre eWvi mepareboda, rom
Cvenma prezidentma duJmoreuli laparaki icoda, axla
ki vici. Zalian daveWvdi mis adamianur TvisebebSi. axlac
misi qceva sruliad araadekvaturia da ar aris es norma-
luri adamiani~.
`kviris palitra~-10-12-2012, publikaciidan: `arada,

426
rogori imedismomcemi axalgazrda iyavi~
`gamarjoba. yovel orSabaTs mouTmenlad veli, rom
SegxvdeT. stumrebsac mouTmenlad velodebi, magram mo-
lodini micruvdeba da isev me miwevs maTi mopatiJeba.
erTkviriani fiqris Semdeg gadavwyvite Tbilisis meri
gigi ugulava momewvia. cota xnis win ganacxada, vice-mer
SoTa xizaniSvilis sasjelTan dakavSirebiT mosamar-
Tlem zewolas ver gauZloo.
pirvelad gaocebisgan piri Soreul bavSvobaSi da-
vaRe, rodesac Tengiz kitovanma Tqva, patrioti varo da
meored axla. adamiano, araTu konkretuli mosamarTle,
aramed mTeli sasamarTlo sistema zewolas 9 weli ver
uZlebda da axla gagikvirda?! eh, Cemo gigi, politikuri
karieris dasawyisSi rogori imedismomcemi axalgazrda
iyavi. yvela piroba gqonda imisaTvis, rom xalxis gulSi
kargi kvali dagetovebina, magram Seni kolmeurneobis
Tavmjdomarisa ar iyos (albaT, mimixvdebi, visac vgu-
lisxmob), ise gaaniave xalxis siyvaruli, rogorc Tbili-
sis biujeti~.
saintereso da Sinaarsiani dasawyisia. mkiTxveli er-
TbaSad ganewyoba raRac sasiamovnosa da sainteresos,
amasTan mtkivneuli Temebisa Tu sakiTxebis wasakiTxad
Tu mosasmenad. problema gigi ugulavas exeba. metad
mtkivneuli Temaa. erTia sazogadoebrivi ganwyoba, meo-
rea maTi momxreebis damokidebuleba da aqve ikveTeba me-
samec — damokidebuleba xelisuflebisa. avtori am yve-
lafris gadmocemisas pirad grnobebsa da emociebsac
gadmogvcems da gviyveba, rom: ` pirvelad gaocebisgan pi-
ri Soreul bavSvobaSi davaRe, rodesac Tengiz kitovan-
ma Tqva, patrioti varo da meored axla~. avtori agrZe-
lebs ironiis kaskads adresatis misamarTiT: `eh, Cemo gi-
gi, politikuri karieris dasawyisSi rogori imedismom-

427
cemi axalgazrda iyavi. ...magram Seni kolmeurneobis Tav-
mjdomarisa ar iyos (albaT, mimixvdebi, visac vgulis-
xmob), ise gaaniave xalxis siyvaruli, rogorc Tbilisis
biujeti~.
publikaciis avtoris ironiuli CamonaTvali im qme-
debebze, rasac xsenebuli Cinovnikebi Cadiodnen, yuris-
Tvis advili mosasmenia. amitomac ar zogavs avtori adre-
sats da cdilobs kidev ufro metad damcinavi, abuCadam-
gdebi da miuRebeli toni hqondes mis saTqmels, ufro me-
tad mtkivneuli, sastiki da gamanadgurebeli iyos misi
pozicia yvela imaTdami, vinc sul axloxans ase araadami-
anuri sisastikiT gamoirCeoda. `ise, CvenSi darCes da, ra-
tom xar ase Sewuxebuli Tbilisis dasufTavebis samsa-
xurSi finansuri policiis SesvliT?! guli ar gamixeTqo
da ar miTxra, dasufTavebis samsaxurSi raRac sibinZure-
ebi maqvs gakeTebulio. gigi, CemTan saxlSi, Sesamowmeb-
lad ginda finansuri policia Semovides da gindac mTe-
li Sss, mainc ar SemeSindeba, radgan vici, rom darRveva
ara maqvs da Seni SeSfoTeba, cota ar iyos, maSfoTebs.
cota xnis win Cemma stumarma erTi rixiani gancxadebac
gaakeTa, — `ramdenime TveSi saxelmwifom represiuli man-
qana Camoayalibao~.
ironiuli SekiTxvis mTeli kaskadi kvlav grZeldeba
avtoris mier, rac saSualebas aZlevs mas, Setevaze gada-
suls, kidev ufro metad Semtevi iyos da es `SeteviTi~
stili efeqturobasa da sazogadoebis mxridan misdami
mxardaWeraSi gamoixatos. `gigi batono, axla rac xdeba,
Tu am yvelafers `represiul manqanad~ afasebT, maSin
Tqven ”represiuli manqanis mTeli avtoparki gyoliaT,
xolo Sen `gaerTianebuli atekis~ generaluri direqto-
ri yofilxar. erTi kargi megobari myavs da mindoda, mis-
Tvis matyuaroba damebralebina, magram am patiosani ka-

428
cis qosatyuilad monaTvla mainc ver SevZeli. maSin er-
Tma Wkvianma kacma mirCia, `nacionalebis~ wevri gaxdi da
aRarafris mogeridebao. hoda, Cemo gigi, Seni mosmenis
mere davrwmundi, rom is Wkviani kaci camde marTali yo-
fila! baronma miunhauzenma unda Tqvas, bedi mqoniao,
`nacionalebs~ rom ar moeswro, Torem magis ambavi rom
vici, tyuilebis frqvevaSi meoreobas ver dasjerdeboda
da gulic gauskdeboda. gigi batono, cota xnis win pre-
mier-ministrs mimarTe, girCevT, damakavoTo. amboben,
mag dros `niCurta~ hqondao da marTalia? gagonili geq-
neba, kacs hkiTxes, samoTxeSi girCevnia Tu jojoxeTSio
da am kacma upasuxa, jojoxeTSi, radgan iq ufro kargi
publikaao. hoda, Cemo gigi, ase mgonia~, `niCurtas~ ambavi
Woria, vfiqrob, Senc iq girCevnia yofna, sadac iseTi
publikaa, Sen rom gagixardeba~. komentari aq namdvilad
zedmetia., publikaciis avtoris Semtevi stili, ironia
da sarkazmi imdenad naTelia da Sorsmimavali, mkiTxveli
misdauneburad eTanxmeba da amasTan oponentisadmi uar-
yofiTadac ganawyobs. sxvanairad ver axsni: baroni miun-
hauzenis, `niCurtas~, kacs rom hkiTxes, samoTxeSi gir-
Cevnia Tu jojoxeTSio~ sityva-frazebis moSveliebas. es
iseTi `tyvia-wamalia~, romelic saTqmelis meti emociu-
robisa da gancdis gamowvevis mizniT rom iyeneben xolme.

literatura:

1. www.nplg.gov.ge
2. `kviris palitra~, 28-03-2013
3. `kviris palitra~, 09-01-2013
4. `kviris palitra~-10-12-2012

429
 daskvna

Tanamedrove kacobriobisaTvis mediis roli ga-

nuzomelia. axali teqnologiebi manipulirebis axal
saSualebebs sTavazobs mediamesveurebs. informacias
mowyurebuli masobrivi auditoria yoveldRiurad uf-
ro da ufro metad iZireba informaciul `WaobSi~. ra
moxdeba xval? rTulia am kiTxvas amomwuravi pasuxi ga-
eces. gonebrivi pragmatulobiT gamorCeuli da gansa-
kuTrebuli teqnologiuri SesaZleblobebiT datvir-
Tuli epoqa ki cnobili klasikosis galaktionis erT
metad gamorCeul da moswrebul poetur striqons uf-
ro amarTlebs: `xvalem izrunos xvalisa~. sworedac
dReisa da xvales Widili da qiSpi arRvevs kacobriobis
wonasworobas, aRafrTovanebs an sinanuls gvris, ayva-
rebs an aZulebs, amsubuqebs an amZimebs, efereba an lan-
ZRavs, aSinebs an agulianebs anu cvlis statikur gan-
wyobilebas da axali energiiT muxtavs mas. teqnologi-
aTa zRvardaudeb yalibSi moqceuli Jurnalisturi
teqsti realobis xan miamituri, xanac iluziuri gaaz-
rebiT masobrivi auditoriis udides nawilSi xSirad
brZolis, SfoTvisa da Relvis SesaZleblobaTa imita-
ciis kvals tovebs xolme. kategoriebad diferencire-
buli informacia ki ukan moxedvas kvlav ar apirebs da
arc is ainteresebs, vin rogor an ras ranairad gaigebs.
Zveli cnebebiT gaaqtiurebuli fantazia axali termi-
nebis SemoteviT lamis aris gadaiRala da Sesabamisad
Secvala kidec saganTa arsebuli konfiguracia, magram
Sinaarsi, ganlageba da Tviseba igive rCeba... axali rea-
loba gansxvavebuli kuTxiT da ganaTebiT gvaxedebs sa-
yovelTaod cnobil da miRebul terminebSi, vcvliT
midgomebs, vicvliT damokidebulebebs, Sesabamisad po-
ziciebsac, magram is rac iyo, aris da iqneba marad da

430
kvlav... mravali aswleuli gasula da kvlavac gaivlis
cisa da miwis gzisgasayarze, magram is rac Seqmnila da
maradisobis nawilad qceula, imaved rCeba: adamiani
verc dros, verc sivrces da verc asaks verafers Sve-
lis. ras unda vuSveloT Tu miveSveloT aseT dros? is,
rac adamianis xasiaTs, gunebas, ganwyobas cvlis, is, rac
Cvens fsiqikaSi poulobs asaxvas da mis Sesabamisad
gvmuxtavs, gvaiZulebs, gvamoZravebs? misi miReba, Se-
Tavseba, gawonasworeba unda SevZloT ise, rom pirovne-
ba, `me~ ar davazianoT, ar ugulebelvyoT, ar uarvyoT,
ar davkargoT... arada, kacobriobas swored dRes, mesa-
meaTaswleulis dasawyisSi mravali Tavsatexi gamouC-
nda, romelic adamianis ara mxolod fizikur, moralur
da fsiqikur sijansaRezec gadis. vin an ra uSvelis mas?
vis SeuZlia amodena pasuxismgeblobis aReba? aris ki
vinme an raime amodena simZimis tarebis pasuxismgeblo-
ba aiRos? ra Tqma unda aris da es mediaa, romelic
upirvelesad swored asaxvis sagnis sxvadasxva xasiaTi-
sa Tu Sinaarsis gadmosacemad gansxvavebuli formob-
rivi da Janrobrivi saSualebebiT qmnis, ayalibebs da
agzavnis teqsts, romelic komunikaciis, adamianuri
urTierTobis ganmsazRvrel umniSvnelovanes elemen-
tad yalibdeba, romeli elementic ara mxolod zemoq-
medebas axdens, aramed mis Sesabamisad marTavs kidec
pirovnebis fsiqikas... rogor vuSveloT da davexmaroT
teqsts, romliTac adamianis goneba imarTeba? nuTu ise
gauWirda mas, rom mxolod manipulirebisa da zRvarda-
udebi teqnologiebis amarad da imedad rCeba?
saSveli da xsna namdvilad aris da es xsna Jurna-
listuri ganaTlebis srulyofasa da maRal profesio-
nalizmSia. gamosavali, maRal Teoriul SesaZleblo-
bebTan erTad maRalzneobriv Rirebulebebsac gulis-
xmobs. damkvidrebuli eTikuri kriteriumebi, qcevisa

431
da urTierTobis arsebuli, miRebuli norma da stan-
darti urTierTobis is aucilebeli moTxovnebia, ro-
desac movaleoba da pasuxismgebloba ki ar mijnavs, ta-
buirebulsa da distancirebuls ki ar xdis, aramed ki-
dev ufro metad avsebs, amdidrebs da alamazebs adamia-
nur urTierTobebs, rodesac miRebuli, damkvidrebu-
li da adaptirebuli eTikuri normebisa da kriteriu-
mebisadmi erTguleba da pativiscema Tanabrad moeTxo-
veba yvelas: staJiansa Tu ustaJos, damsaxurebulsa Tu
gamoucdels, axalgazrdasa Tu asakovans, Ciniansa Tu
uCinos... Jurnalistisa da auditoriis urTierToba
orive mxridan maRal pasuxismgeblobaze gadis. erTia,
rodesac informacia SerCeviT miewodeba auditorias
da mas ise `agebineben~, rogoradac mimwodebels surs
an miaCnia da meore, rodesac momxmarebels iseT mediap-
roduqcias sTavazoben, rogoric sinamdvileSia. orive
SemTxvevaSi yvelaferi maRal Jurnalistur profesio-
nalizmsa da niWierebaze gadis da kargia, rodesac niWi-
eri Jurnalisti realobas sinamdviles maqsimaluri
warmatebiT aTavsebs, aTanxmebs da azavebs erTmaneTs.
swored aq ikveTeba Jurnalisturi Teoriis, asaxvis xe-
lovnebisa da teqstis formobriv-Janrobrivi arsis
wyalgamyofi, yvelaze mniSvnelovani, me vityodi, ur-
Tulesi xelovneba, sadac realoba, rogorc erTi
mTlianoba, sinamdvilisa da warmosaxvis saboloo saxes
aCens da auditoriis Sesabamis reaqcias gamoxatavs. ro-
goria an rogori iqneba auditoriis reaqcia Tu inte-
resebi, damokidebulia im ganwyobebze, romelic Sesaba-
misi mediateqstebis formulirebisas aris gaTvaliswi-
nebuli... swored amgvari ganwyoba axdens zemoqmedebas
da qmnis wyalgamyofs samarTlianobasa da usamarTlo-
bas, miukerZoeblobasa da tendenciurobas, pasuxis-
mgeblobasa da upasuxismgeblobas Soris...

432
 ra Temebi ganixileba dRes ocdameerTe saukuneSi?
ras sTavazobs kacobriobas realoba da ras awvdis mas
media? ra aris mniSvnelovani masobrivi auditoriisaT-
vis? masobriv auditoriaze sakiTxebis gavlenas Jurna-
listuri teqstebis Sinaarsi ganapirobebs Tu mimwo-
deblis xma gamosaxulebis gareSe? kiTxvebi, romlebic
kvlav awuxebs yvela dainteresebul pirs, pasuxs momav-
lisgan elis, romelic miukerZoeblad da mourideblad
kuTvnil adgils uCens xolme yvelas da samarTliani
verdiqtic gamoaqvs. magram momavali xom warsulisa da
awmyos urTierTobaa, ufro zustad misi Svilia da Sesa-
bamisad, unda vifiqroT kidec, rom is rac iyo da aris
dRes, kvlav iqneba interesisa da kvlevis sagani momav-
lisTvisac da Sesabamisad, momavali Taobebic am Sina-
arsiTa da miswrafebebiT gaagrZeleben cxovrebasa da
saqmianobas, miuxedavad imisa ra xasiaTis mediateq-
stebs miawvdis da ra iqneba mniSvnelovani: Cinuri komu-
nizmi, kremlis politika, amerikuli realoba, evropu-
li demokratia, Tavisufleba, rogorc adamianis upir-
velesi ufleba, ganaTlebis sistema, genmodificirebu-
li produqcia, globaluri daTboba, teqnologiuri
progresi? masze gadamwyvet gavlenas swored rom gana-
pirobebs Tavad faqti, Jurnalisturi teqsti da mimwo-
deblis xma, romelic yvela droSi nebismieri donis,
monacemebisa da SesaZleblobebis mqone auditoriisaT-
vis erT mTlian mediaproduqtad aRiqmeba, romlis
kvlavwarmoeba maRali Jurnalisturi standartebis
dauflebis gareSe warmoudgenelia.

433
 ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ

Неизмерима роль средств массовой информации для чело-

вечества. Новые технологии предлагают их хозяевам новые средства
манипуляции. Огромное число людей, жаждущих информации,
ежедневно все больше и больше погружается в информационное
болото. Что случится завтра? Трудно дать исчерпывающий ответ на
этот вопрос. Эпоха, отличающаяся умственным прагматизмоми
особыми технологическими возможностями, оправдывает одну очень
интересную и удачную поэтическую строку известного грузинского
классика Галактиона — `О завтрашнем пусть заботится завтра!~
Именно борьба и соперничество между сегодня и завтра нарушает
равновесие человечества, восхищает или вводит его в уныние,
заставляет любить или ненавидеть, облегчает или затрудняет, ласкает
или ругает, пугает иди делает смелым, т. е. меняет статическое
настроение и новой энергией заряжает его. Журналистский текст,
помещенный в форму, неограниченную технологиями, то наивным, то
иллюзорным осмыслением реальности, часто оставляет в большей
части массовой аудитории след имитации возможности борьбы,
бурления и волнения. А информация, дифференцированная по кате-
гориям, не собирается обернуться назад, ее не интересует и то, кто, как
и что поймет. Фантазия, активированная старыми понятиями, почти
переутомилась от наступления новых терминов и, соответственно,
даже заменила существующую конфигурацию предметов, но
содержание, расположение и свойства остались прежними … Новая
реальность под изменненым углом и светом показывает
общеизвестные и принятые термины; меняем подход, меняем
отношение, соответственно, меняем и позиции, но то, что было, оно
есть и будет вечно… Многие столетия прошли и пройдут еще на
развилке неба и земли, но то, что было сделано и стало частью
вечности, останется тем же самым: человек ничего не может поделать
с временем, с пространством,с возрастом. Чему мы должны помочь в
этом состоянии? Тому, что меняет характер, настроение, настрой,
тому, что отражается в нашей психике и, соответственно, заряжает,
заставляет, двигает нами? Мы должны так принять его, освоить,
уравновесить, чтобы не нанести вреда личности, `я~, не игнорировать,

434
не отвергнуть, не потерять его… И это сегодня, в начале третьего
тысячелетия, когда у человечества возникло много проблем, много
головоломок, которые затрагивают не только физическое, моральное и
психическое здоровье человека. Кто или что поможет ему? Кто может
взять на себя такую ответственность? И есть ли кто или что, способное
взять на себя ответственность нести такую тяжесть? Конечно есть, и это
масс-медиа, которая в первую очередь дляпередачи точного отражения
различного характера или содержания предмета передачи этого
различными форменными и жанровыми средствами создает, формирует
и посылает текст, становящийся важнейшим определяющим элементом
коммуникации, общения людей; элементом, который не только
оказывает воздействие, но и соответствующим образом направляет
психику личности…Как спасти и помочь тексту, которая управляетмыс-
лью человека? Неужели ему стало так трудно, что остается надеяться
лишь на манипулирование и безграничные технологии?
Спасение и выход действительно существуют, и этот выход
заключается в совершенствовании журналистского образования и
высоком профессионализме. Этот выход вместе с теоретическими
возможностями подразумевает и высоконравственные ценности.
Утвердившиеся этические критерии, поведение и существующая
принятая норма и стандарт взаимоотношений — это обязательные
требования, когда обязанность и ответственность не разграничивает,
не делает табуированным и отдаленным, а наоборот, еще больше
наполняет обогащает и украшает отношения между людьми, когда
преданность и уважение к принятым, утвердившимся и
адаптированным этическим нормам и критериям одинаково будут
требоваться от всех: от людей со стажем и без стажа, опытных и
неопытных, молодых и в возрасте, с чинами и без. Отношения между
журналистом и аудиторией требует высокой ответственности от обеих
сторон. Одно дело, когда информация избирательно подается
аудитории и дают его понять так, как это хочется или кажется
подателю информации, другое, когда потребителю подают такую
медиапродукцию, какую получают от поставщика. В обоих случаях
все это происходит при наличии высокого профессионализма испо-
собностей журналистов и хорошо, когда способный журналист с
максимальным успехом совмещает, согласовывает и соединяет друг с

435
другом реальность и действительность. Именно здесь выявляется
водораздел журналистской теории, искусства отображения и
форменно-жанровой сущности текста. Самое важное, я бы сказал,
важнейшее искусство, где реальность, как единое целое, выявляет
окончательный вид действительности и воображения и выражает
соответствующую реакцию аудитории. Каковы или какими будут
реакция или интересы аудитории, зависит от настроя, который
предполагается при формулировании соответствующих медиатекстов.
Именно такие настрои оказывают влияние и создают водораздел
между справедливостью и несправедливостью, беспристрастностью и
тенденциозностью, ответственностью и безответственностью. Какие
темы рассматриваются сегодня, в двадцать первом веке? Что пред-
лагает человечеству реальность что предоставляет ему медиа? Что
важно для массовой аудитории? Что определяет влияние вопросов на
массовую аудиторию: содержание журналистских текстов или голос
того, кто излагает текст без изображения? Вопросы, которые вновь
волнуют всех заинтересованных, ждут ответа от будущего, которое
беспристрастно и бесцеремонно указывает всем надлежащее место и
выносит справедливый вердикт. Но ведь будущее — результат
взаимодействия прошлого и настоящего, еще точнее, его детище, и,
соответственно, следует думать: все, что было, и что есть сегодня,
будет предметом интереса и исследования в будущем. Соответственно,
и будущие поколения продолжат свою жизнь и деятельность с этим
содержанием и характером, несмотря на то, какие медиатексты будут
представляться и что будет важным: китайский коммунизм, политика
кремля, американская реальность, европейская демократия, свобода,
как первейшее право человека, система образования, генмо-
дифицированная продукция, глобальное потепление, технологический
прогресс? Именно сам факт, журналистский текст и голос
информирующего, что во все времена аудиторией любого уровня,
любых данных и возможностей воспринималось и воспринимается
одним единым медиапродуктом, создание которого без освоения
высоких журналистских стандартов невозможно.

436
 citirebuli da damxmare literatura

1. adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia, Tb., 1990

2. adamianis uflebebi janmrTelobis dacvis sferoSi, Tb.2011
3. aroni r., mSvidoba da omi erebs Soris, Tb.2009
4. axali media JurnalistebisTvis,www.tol.org
5. alfaiZe T. mediasamarTali. Tb. 2008
6. bertrani k. mediaeTika da angariSvaldebulebis sistemebi. Tb.
2004
7. biWaSvili m., leqciebi politikuri Zalis TeoriaSi, Tb.2011
8. gagoSiZe S., Jurnalistikis safuZvlebi, Tb. 1996
9. ganmartebiTi leqsikoni — Tb., 2008
10. gegeSiZe a., geopolitika, Tb., 1999
11. gersamia m., elementaruli nawilakebi JurnalistikaSi, Tb.2011
12. gersamia m., publicisturi informirebis Taviseburebani,
Tb.2004
13. dadismani k., auditoria,Tb.2005
14. deflori m., denisi e. masobrivi komunikaciis gaazrebisaTvis,
Tb. 2009
15. evropuli konvenciebi mediis sferoSi. Tb. 2004
16. gamoxatvis Tavisufleba evropaSi. Tb.2003
17. gamoxatvis Tavisufleba t. I, II. Tb. 2005
18. gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis saerTaSoriso standartebi. Tb.2004
19. enciklopediuri leqsikoni, 2004
20. iberi e. radioJurnalistika. Tb. 2003
21. kupraSvili n. axali media Zveli mediisTvis, 2011
22. Jurnalisturi eTika da TviTregulirebis meqanizmebi. Tb., 2003
23. langi. i. media da arCevnebi. Tb.2003
24. leoniZe g. telepublicistikis poetika. Tb. 2002
25. leoniZe n. teleJurnalistika. Tb. 2002
26. lumani n. sazogadoebrivi komunikaciis sistemis cvlilebani da
masobrivi media. Tb.2002
27. mediamenejmenti Tb.2006
28. mediis TviTregulirebis qrestomatia. Tb. 2004
29. radio da satelevizio programebis Seqmnis eTikuri samar-
Tlebrivi regulireba. Tb.,1999
30. saqarTvelos regionuli mediaruka. Tb.,2005
31. satelevizio Jurnalistika, Tb.,1998.
32. sanikiZe i., qarTuli perioduli gamocemebi, nakveTi I, baT. 2009
33. samoqalaqo ganaTlebis leqsikoni, 2003

437
34. socialur da politikur terminTa leqsikoni-cnobari,Tb. lo-
gos presi, 2004
35. steinli p. satelevizio reportaJi. Tb., 2002
36. surgulaZe r. JurnalistikaTmcodneobis safuZvlebi, Tb.1996
37. saubari qarTul mediaze,konferenciis masalebi,Caqvi, 2005
38. sigua s., kulturologiis safuZvlebi, II, Tb.2012
39. sixaruliZe fr., samxreT kavkasia gardaqmnis gzaze, baTumi, 2004
40. stiuart mili j., Tavisuflebis Sesaxeb, Tb.2010
41. sulxan-saba, sibrZne-sicruisa, sabas wignebi,2012
42. surgulaZe r., iberi e., masobrivi komunikacia, Tb.2003
43. surgulaZe r., Jurnalistikamcodneobis safuZvlebi, Tb.1996
44. Lansos Jerry, Stefhens Mitchell, Writing and Reporting the NEWS, New
York, Oxcford, Oxcford Universiti Pres, 2008
45. Stefhens Mitchell, A HISTORY of NEWS, New York, Oxcford, Oxcford
Universiti Pres, 2007
46. Stefhens Mitchell, BROADCAST NEWS, THOMSON, wadsworth, 2005
47. TaTaraSvili n. teleJurnalistikis sakiTxebi: Tb. 2003
48. wulaZe l. raodenobrivi kvlevis meTodebi. Tb., 2008
49. Валгина Н.С. теория текста, учебное пособие ,москва, логос. 2003
50. eliasi n., civilizaciis procesis Sesaxeb, wigni-II, Tb.2008
51. entoni apia k., Rirsebis kodeqsi, rogor xdeba zneobrivi revo-
luciebi, Tb.,2014
52. Tvisebrivi meTodebi socialur kvlevaSi: saleqcio kursi soc.
mecn. magistraturisaTvis, T. zurabiSvili; -Tb. 2006
53. kovaCi b., rozenstili t., Jurnalistikis elementebi, Tb.2006
54. kultura, filosofia, Rirebulebebi, 2009
55. ladaria n., sociolingvistika, Tb.2002
56. laqngi i., media da arCevnebi, Tb.2004
57. malanCuki p., saerTaSoriso samarTali, Tb.2005
58. malaRuraZe T., Tanamedrove maskomunikaciuri Teoriebi da
koncefciebi~,Tb.2013
59. malaRuraZe T., Tanamedrove publicisturi Janrebis Tavisebu-
rebani, Tb.2009
60. mamardaSvili m., leqciebi antikur filosofiaSi, Tb.2013
61. macaberiZe m., politikuri marketingis safuZvlebi,Tb.2003
62. menCeri melvin , axali ambebis gaSuqeba da wera, me-12 gamocema,
Tbilisi, 2013. gv.293
63. moxelis samagido leqsikoni~, Tb., 2004
64. mWedliSvili v., Jurnalistikis Teoria da praqtika, Tb.1999

438
65. nikolaZe n., rCeuli nawerebi, 1945, t.4
66. patnemi r.d. , rogor vamuSaoT demokratia, Tb.2006
67. profesiuli eTikis saerTaSoriso principebi JurnalistikaSi,
Tb. 1983
68. Прохоров Е.П. Введение в теорию журналистики. М. 2002
69. Jurnalistika,ideis avtorebi m.vekua, J.rue, Tb.2013
70. Jurnalisturi Ziebani, Tsu gamomcemloba, Tb.2003
71. repkova t., axali droeba: profesiuli gazeTis Seqmna ganviTa-
rebadi demokratiis pirobebSi, Tb.2011
72. resursebi janmrTelobisa da adamianis uflebaTa sakiTxebze,
Tb.2014
73. rondeli a., saerTaSoriso urTierTobebi, Tb., 1996
74. tabiZe n. publicistikis sakiTxebi, wigni 1, Tb.2011
75. ucxo sityvaTa leqsikoni, Tb.1989
76. qarTuli sabWoTa enciklobedia, t.2, Tb.1977
77. SubiTiZe v., boWoriZe m. „sazogadoebasTan urTierToba~, Tb.,
2005-20
78. WavWavaZe i., t.8 1985
79. CarTolani g. teleradioJurnalistika. nawili I. teleJurna-
listika. 2008
80. cecxlaZe n., xaxutaiSvili n., stilistika, Tb. 2013
81. jagodniSvili T, qarTuli oratoruli xelovneba,Tb.1999
82. jagodniSvili T. ,2013,Jurnali `ganaTleba~, №3.
83. jagodniSvili T., jagodniSvili i., papaskiri v., qarTuli ora-
toruli xelovneba,(qrestomatia-praqtikumi), Tb.2000
84. jagodniSvili T., jagodniSvili iv. verbaluri komunikaciebi,
Tb., 2009
85. jologua T., qarTuli Jurnalistikis istoria, Tb.2013
86. habermasi i., Semecneba da interesi, quT. 2003
87. hamiltoni j.m. , krimski j., CaeWideT presas, Tb.2004
88. heivudi e.-politikuri ideologiebi-Tb.,2004
89. hetCeri m., nacionalizmis SeCereba, Tb.2007
90. hiustoni brent, Jurnalist-gamomZieblis saxelmZRvanelo, me-
5 gamocema, Tb.2009

439
 gazeTebi:

1. `kviris palitra~,07-12-2009
2. `kviris palitra~,12-10-2009
3. `kviris palitra~, 27-09-2010
4. `kviris palitra~, 12-04-2010
5. `kviris palitra~, 21-02-2011
6. `kviris palitra~, 18-07-2011
7. `kviris palitra~, 03-10-2011
8. `kviris palitra~, 28-09 2011
9. `kviris palitra~, 07-03-2011
10. `kviris palitra~ 18-07-2011
11. `kviris palitra~ 17-01-2011
12. `kviris palitra~, 10-12-2012
13. `kviris palitra~, 21-10-2013
14. `kviris palitra~ 25-02-2013
15. `kviris palitra~-23-12-2013
16. `kviris palitra~-18-02-2013
17. `kviris palitra~, 05-05-2013
18. `kviris palitra~, 29‐04‐2013
19. `kviris palitra~, 14-05-2013
20. `kviris palitra~, 28-03-2013
21. `kviris palitra~, 09-01-2013
22. `kviris palitra~, 23-09-2013
23. `kviris palitra~, 26-08-2013
24. `kviris palitra~, 04-03-2013
25. `kviris palitra~, 21-10-2013
26. `kviris palitra~ — 23-09-2013
27. `kviris palitra~, 27-01-2014
28. `kviris palitra~, 29-09-2014
29. `kviris palitra~, 27-05-2014
30. `kviris palitra~, 16 -05— 2014
31. `kviris palitra~, 05-05-2014
32. `baTumis universiteti~-2014 weli, maisi, №5
33. `baTumis universiteti~, 2014-aprili, №4,

440
34. `baTumis universiteti~, 2014-marti, №3
35. `baTumis universiteti~, 2014-maisi, №5
36. `baTumis universiteti~ 2013 — seqtemberi — №7
37. `baTumis universiteti~ 2010 — marti — №3
38. `baTumis universiteti~, 2011 — ianvari-Tebervali-marti — №1-
2-3
39. `aWara~, 1996 weli, 30 ivlisi
40. „aWara~, 2015 wlis 23 Tebervli, №-155

eleqtronuli resursi:

1. ka.wikipedia.org/wiki
2. geotheatre.ge
3. www.nplg.gov.ge
4. vangogen.blogspot.com
5. www.education.ge
6. burusi.wordpress.com

441
 sarCevi

1. Sesavali (redaqtorisagan) ............................................... 3

2. winasityvaoba ........................................................................ 6
I. Jurnalistis sazogadoebasTan urTierTobis
zogierTi aspeqti.................................................................. 10
II. Jurnalisturi teqstis Seqmnis
gaazrebisaTvis ..................................................................... 18
III. socialuri pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxebi.................... 25
IV. Jurnalistikis asaxvis sagani ........................................ 52
IV-1. movlena ........................................................................... 60
IV-2. procesi ........................................................................... 76
IV-3. adamianuri faqtori ................................................... 94
IV-4. situacia ......................................................................... 98
IV-5. sensacia .......................................................................... 104
V. Tanamedrove Jurnalisturi gvarebi ........................... 113
VI. axali ambebis Jurnalistika ........................................... 127
VII. interviu................................................................................... 150
VIII. analitikur-ganmazogadebeli asaxva,
rogorc gamoxatvis forma ............................................... 222
IX. korespondencia .................................................................... 241
X. statia........................................................................................ 257
XI. recenzia ................................................................................... 327
XII. narkvevi ................................................................................... 388
XIII. feletoni ................................................................................ 402
XIV. pamfleti................................................................................. 419
daskvna ............................................................................................. 430
reziume rusul enaze ................................................................. 434
gamoyenebuli literatura ..................................................... 437
gamomcemloba `universali~
Tbilisi, 0179, i. WavWavaZis gamz. 19, : 2 22 36 09, 5(99) 17 22 30
E-mail: universal@internet.ge