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Región de corte: En este caso se tiene una corriente de base insuficiente como para activar el tran-
sistor.
Región de saturación: Se tiene una corriente de base alta haciendo que el voltaje colector-emisor
sea bajo y el transistor actúe como interruptor.
Región activa: La corriente del colector se amplifica por una ganancia y el voltaje colector emisor
disminuye su valor con la corriente de la base, es decir el transistor actúa como un amplificador.
1. Corriente de base: Debe ser suficientemente alta como para poder disparar el transistor de tal
forma que se cumpla lo siguiente:
IC
IB (min) = (3)
βCD
4. Máxima resistencia en la base:
Vent − VBE
RB (max) = (4)
IB (min)
1
1.2. Consultar el principio de funcionamiento de un circuito de anti-saturación
para manejar el transistor bipolar.
El circuito de antisaturación de un transistor bipolar permite mantener saturado al transistor en
el lı́mite que se facilite su abertura y reduce el tiempo durante el apagado.
Se colocan varios diodos en serie en la base del TBJ para obtener un VCE que se desea en el
transistor y ası́ mantenerlo saturado. Para el circuito anterior se tiene:
NOTA 2: La fuente de control para manejar el opto-diodo debe ser obtenida del circuito diseñado
con el circuito integrado 555. NO UTILIZAR EL GENERADOR DE PULSOS DE PSPICE.
2
Se procede a dimensionan los componentes del timer 555 configurado como astable:
1,1544 × 10−4
RA = = 11,5 [kΩ] (9)
10 nF
Se elige RA = 10 [kΩ].
V − VLED 5 − 1,5
R1 = = = 44 [Ω] (11)
ILED 80mA
Se elige R1 = 330 [Ω]
Para calcular R2 es necesario comprobar los valores máximos de corriente y voltaje del optotran-
sistor del 4N 25:
12 − 3
R2 = = 900 [Ω] (12)
10mA
3
Se elige R2 = 1,2 [kΩ]
Para trabajar en la región de saturación y que se origine el disparo, se usará una resistencia de:
4
Figura 6: Circuito implementado en PSpice.
5
Figura 8: PWM obtenida en el emisor del 4N25.
Referencias
[1] D. Hart, Power Electronics, Mc Graw Hill, 2011
[3] N. Mohan, Power Electronics, 3ra edición 2001, Gate and Base Drive Circuits chapter.
[4] Analog Design and Simulation using Orcad Capture and PSpice. Manual de Usuario. 2012.
ANEXOS
6
1N4001 - 1N4007
1.0A RECTIFIER
Features
• Diffused Junction
• High Current Capability and Low Forward Voltage Drop
• Surge Overload Rating to 30A Peak
• Low Reverse Leakage Current
• Lead Free Finish, RoHS Compliant (Note 3)
Mechanical Data
• Case: DO-41
• Case Material: Molded Plastic. UL Flammability Classification
DO-41 Plastic
Rating 94V-0 Dim
Min Max
• Moisture Sensitivity: Level 1 per J-STD-020D
A 25.40 ⎯
• Terminals: Finish - Bright Tin. Plated Leads Solderable per
B 4.06 5.21
MIL-STD-202, Method 208
C 0.71 0.864
• Polarity: Cathode Band
D 2.00 2.72
• Mounting Position: Any
All Dimensions in mm
• Ordering Information: See Page 2
• Marking: Type Number
• Weight: 0.30 grams (approximate)
Maximum Ratings and Electrical Characteristics @TA = 25°C unless otherwise specified
Single phase, half wave, 60Hz, resistive or inductive load.
For capacitive load, derate current by 20%.
Characteristic Symbol 1N4001 1N4002 1N4003 1N4004 1N4005 1N4006 1N4007 Unit
Peak Repetitive Reverse Voltage VRRM
Working Peak Reverse Voltage VRWM 50 100 200 400 600 800 1000 V
DC Blocking Voltage VR
RMS Reverse Voltage VR(RMS) 35 70 140 280 420 560 700 V
Average Rectified Output Current (Note 1) @ TA = 75°C IO 1.0 A
Non-Repetitive Peak Forward Surge Current 8.3ms
IFSM 30 A
single half sine-wave superimposed on rated load
Forward Voltage @ IF = 1.0A VFM 1.0 V
Peak Reverse Current @TA = 25°C 5.0
IRM μA
at Rated DC Blocking Voltage @ TA = 100°C 50
Typical Junction Capacitance (Note 2) Cj 15 8 pF
Typical Thermal Resistance Junction to Ambient RθJA 100 K/W
Maximum DC Blocking Voltage Temperature TA +150 °C
Operating and Storage Temperature Range TJ, TSTG -65 to +150 °C
Notes: 1. Leads maintained at ambient temperature at a distance of 9.5mm from the case.
2. Measured at 1.0 MHz and applied reverse voltage of 4.0V DC.
3. EU Directive 2002/95/EC (RoHS). All applicable RoHS exemptions applied, see EU Directive 2002/95/EC Annex Notes.
(1) All voltages are measured with respect to the ground pin, unless otherwise specified.
(2) Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Recommended Operating Conditions indicate
conditions for which the device is functional, but do not ensure specific performance limits. Electrical Characteristics state DC and AC
electrical specifications under particular test conditions which ensures specific performance limits. This assumes that the device is within
the Recommended Operating Conditions. Specifications are not ensured for parameters where no limit is given, however, the typical
value is a good indication of device performance.
(3) Supply current when output high typically 1 mA less at VCC = 5 V.
(4) Tested at VCC = 5 V and VCC = 15 V.
(5) This will determine the maximum value of RA + RB for 15 V operation. The maximum total (RA + RB) is 20 MΩ.
(6) No protection against excessive pin 7 current is necessary providing the package dissipation rating will not be exceeded.
Features
• Medium Power Linear Switching Applications
B
• Complementary to TIP125 / TIP126 / TIP127
TO-220 R1 R2
1
R1 ≅ 8kΩ E
1.Base 2.Collector 3.Emitter R2 ≅ 0.12kΩ
Ordering Information
Part Number Top Mark Package Packing Method
TIP120 TIP120 TO-220 3L (Single Gauge) Bulk
TIP120TU TIP120 TO-220 3L (Single Gauge) Rail
TIP121 TIP121 TO-220 3L (Single Gauge) Bulk
TIP121TU TIP121 TO-220 3L (Single Gauge) Rail
TIP122 TIP122 TO-220 3L (Single Gauge) Bulk
TIP122TU TIP122 TO-220 3L (Single Gauge) Rail
Electrical Characteristics
Values are at TC = 25°C unless otherwise noted.
Note:
1. Pulse test: pw ≤ 300 μs, duty cycle ≤ 2%.