Ingles Tecnico Ii
Ingles Tecnico Ii
INGLÉS TÉCNICO II
2019
I. S. F. T. Nº 182 Inglés Técnico II – Lectura Comprensiva -
2. Pre-Requisitos
1) Materia correlativa cursada y/o aprobada: Inglés Técnico I
2) Los alumnos deberán ser capaces de:
a) comprender un texto sencillo en idioma inglés. Dicha comprensión puede
demostrarse respondiendo a un cuestionario sobre algunas ideas expresadas
en el mismo.
b) reconocer marcas textuales, tales como referencias, tiempo y algunas
relaciones lógicas.
3. Objetivos de la Materia
4. Contenidos
1. Comprendiendo el texto
1.1. Ideas principales. Párrafos físicos y conceptuales. Subtítulos. Referentes.
1.2. Géneros discursivos
1.3. Resumen y sintesis
1.4. Estrategias de lectura: palabras claves, oración tópico, comprensión global
y detallada.
1.5. Referencia contextual
1.6. Elementos lingüísticos: Voz activa y voz pasiva. Nociones: Foco en agente
y despersonalización.
3. El texto narrativo
3.1. Sus convenciones. El paratexto, cotexto y contexto.
3.2. Exponentes lingüísticos: Oraciones condicionales tipo 1,2 y 3 (probable,
improbable, imposible).
3.3. Nexos de cohesión: causa-resultado, alternativa, razón, contraste, etc.
3.4. Estrategias de lectura global y específica
4. El texto argumentativo
4.1. Sus convenciones.
4.2. Estrategias de lectura global y específica
4.3. Verbo + preposición o partícula adverbial.
4.4. Verbos que indican transformación + adjetivo (get, grow, run, become, go,
etc.), su traducción.
4.5. Estructuras que exigen inversión.
4.6. Búsqueda de información especializada en Internet respetando
ciertos parámetros
5. Metodología de Enseñanza
6. Sistema de acreditación
Para acreditar la cursada del presente año, los alumnos deberán:
Para acceder a este tipo de promoción, los alumnos deberán cumplir los requisitos de
1 y 2 nombrados anteriormente y deberán aprobar las instancias de evaluación
previstas con 7 (siete) o más puntos. En el caso de que los alumnos no
cumpliesen con los requisitos 1 y 2, no alcanzasen las calificaciones estipuladas o
estuvieren ausentes en las instancias evaluativas por cualquier motivo y/o
circunstancia, pasarán automáticamente al sistema de promoción con examen final.
Para acceder a este tipo de promoción, los alumnos deberán cumplir los requisitos 1 y
2 nombrados anteriormente y deberán aprobar las instancias de evaluación previstas
con 4, 5 o 6 puntos.
El examen final será escrito y la producción por parte de los alumnos será en
castellano, debiendo responder en forma breve, clara, cohesiva y coherente a
diferentes actividades de comprensión de textos.
7. Bibliografía
Obligatoria:
Ampliatoria:
8. Calendario o Agenda
9. Políticas de la materia
1. Integridad académica:
Se requerirá de los alumnos una conducta de trabajo seria, comprometida, honesta
y responsable. Esto implica: llegar puntualmente a las clases, traer los trabajos
solicitados completos y participar activamente en clase, respetando a sus
compañeros y la diferencia de opiniones.
Unidad 1
TRABAJOS PRÁCTICOS
Recuerde también enumerar las líneas del texto de cinco en cinco para tener
una referencia rápida de información cuando realice las actividades de lectura.
Actividades de pre-lectura:
Para resolver estas actividades, solo necesita abrir su mente y sacar de allí todo lo
que pueda relacionar con el tema a leer: conceptos y vocabulario entre otros. Por
eso a modo de ayuda, algunas actividades piden que lea el título del texto y elabore
una hipótesis de lectura, es decir, que con sus palabras y conocimientos previos
prediga de qué va a tratar el texto posiblemente. Las respuestas a estas
Actividades de lectura:
Aquí es donde buscamos en el texto información específica, como por ejemplo para
responder preguntas, para entender a qué hacen referencia ciertas palabras o para
entender y poder explicar las conexiones lógicas en el texto.
No hace falta que use los mismos vocablos que aparecen en el texto. Puede
reformular las respuestas utilizando sus propias palabras pero siempre respetando
la información del texto y tratando de utilizar un lenguaje académico acorde a su
futura profesión.
Actividades de post-lectura:
TRABAJO PRÁCTICO Nº 1
Actividades de pre-lectura:
Actividades de lectura
3. Resuelva
Actividades de post-lectura:
Unidad 2
Antes de comenzar con los trabajos, le quiero anticipar que los textos son más
complejos y que en esta unidad se incluyen trabajos con distinto grado de
complejidad, que si bien no están identificados como fáciles o difíciles Usted se
dará cuenta de la dificultad de cada uno al leer los textos.
TRABAJO PRÁCTICO Nº
NETWORKS
Actividades de pre-lectura:
2. Lea el título y los subtítulos con viñetas. Anticipe el contenido del texto.
3. Lea el texto completo.
NETWORKS
Different types of information and different types of computers need different
types of connections
As more and more computers are used in different parts of society, the need for better networks
to transport the information grows correspondingly. Advances in the use of computers in
business and the professions, expanding consumer services, and new entertainment media
create the need for sophisticated network systems to handle the traffic of information.
The network must handle many different classes of traffic (from informal notes to top secret
design plans) at different frequencies (from hundreds of bits per second to billions of bits per
second) and must deal with various levels of accuracy and security. The growing complexity of
information transfer, and the need to provide for different types of communication between
different types of computers, present computer networking technology with its biggest problems.
All computers work with digital information –different combinations of 1s and 0s- but there are
a lot of different ways in which this digital information is organized. Each different way of
organizing the digital information constitutes a different computer language, and therefore one
fundamental decision which has to be made before any successful communication can begin, is
the choice of a common language. The ASCII code is one example of an attempt to establish a
common language which different computers could understand.
The next question is how many connections, or interfaces (which are called ‘spigots’) are
necessary to link a computer to the network. The most effective way is multiplexing: each
computer puts information into a single high-capacity link to the network.
There are many ways this system works in practice, a popular way is the client-server model,
where one computer provides a service and other computers access the information as clients.
One computer (the server) is dedicated to storing information files for all the other computers.
The users of the network (the clients) connect with the server, and ask it to send back the
information they want. So the question of how many spigots are necessary is essentially a
question of how many clients want to be connected to the server.
In more sophisticated systems, apart from the server, another computer can provide laser-
printing services, or a group of computers can be dedicated to providing access to enormous
quantities of catalogued information in on-line data bases. Obviously, the more sophisticated
the system is, the more complicated the links will be.
We come now to the level where the information is actually sent through the network. In any
type of multiplex model there are two ways of sending information: circuit switching and packet
switching.
Circuit switching is the system telephones use, and consists of a stream of data going from one
point to another. A client asks the server a question and the server then uses a circuit switch to
allow a continuous stream of information to arrive to the client. This is like making a telephone
call to someone-the line is open for a certain period of time. An example is a student at home
using his PC and a modem to connect to the public library in his town and ask for information
about the American Civil War.
But circuit switching is often not satisfactory if multiple programs running at the same time on
one computer need to communicate with programs running concurrently on many different
computers. This is more like a group of people sitting around a table all taking part in the same
conversation, or different members of the group having several different conversations at the
same time. In these cases the network needs the ability to send quick bursts of information to
several different addresses simultaneously and not simply send one stream of information to a
single address.
Packet switching is designed to handle the quick bursts of multiprocess communication that are
common these days. The computers in the network produce packets, or chunks, of data which
are sent along paths with other packets. This means that the same ‘telephone line’ can be used
to send more than one ‘message’ at the same time but it also means that the transfer of
information is indirect, and therefore needs more careful attention. Each packet contains a
‘header’ which identifies the source and destination computer, and small computers, called
packet switches, examine packets moving through the network and decide where to send the
packet in order to move it closer to its final destination. Each place along the route is called a
‘node’.
For example, a research worker in Seville University, Spain, wants to communicate with a
colleague in Bolder, USA. The sender assembles the information, makes a header, and the
packet is put into the network. The first node it reaches is The University of Madrid. It then goes
on to the United States where it passes through Washington State University, and The Colorado
Research Institute, before it arrives to its destination in Bolder. Although this is more
complicated, it allows many different packets to be passed along the same path.
Examples of networks
One of the first networks was ARPANET, which used minicomputers as packet switches and
special dedicated telephone lines to connect them. Since then, many more packet-switched
systems have been developed, BITNET and ETHERNET being two examples. More recently,
packet technologies based on fiber-optic transmissions have been developed. They operate at
higher speeds and can handle more data. An exciting recent development is the gigabit-speed
network, which operates at the speed of a billion bits per second and uses parallel connections
between computers.
The final level of network systems is internetting: connections between different networks.
Internetting was first explored by DARPA, a US defence department agency, which produced
INTERNET. INTERNET is a network of networks which use special processors called gateways
to connect various networks, and to deal with differences such as speed and maximum packet
length between networks. INTERNET operates in 26 countries, comprises more than 5,000
networks and supports several million users on more than 300,000 computers.
Actividades de lectura:
Circuit switching
Packet switching
Multiplexing
Spigots
Header
4. Resuelva
4.1. ¿Qué noción indica ‘therefore’ en la línea 12? Explique de acuerdo al contexto.
4.2. Interprete la siguiente frase en las líneas 27-28:’the more sophisticated…the
more complicated…?
4.3. Identifique un condicional. Identifique el tipo de condicional y explíquelo.
4.4. Ubique en el texto una noción de ejemplificación y explíquela.
4.5. ¿A qué se refiere ‘they’ en la línea 63?
Actividades de post-lectura:
TRABAJO PRÁCTICO Nº
Actividades de pre-lectura:
A new wave of technology that combines computers, consumer of electronics and communications is
on the point of providing consumers with an exciting new range of products and services. At the root
of these new products are two on-going developments. One is the reduction in size of powerful
computers (from desktop to laptop to the new palmtop models that fit in your hand) and the
miniaturization of microprocessors, and the other is the change from analog to digital information
transfer.
Text, sounds and pictures are all being translated into the digits 1 and 0 that computers read. CD
players are an example of digital technology. While most of today’s TVs, cassette recorders and
phones use the same analog technology that Alexander Graham Bell used for the first telephone, the
microprocessor inside CD players translates the digital pits engraved on the disc into clear sound.
The change from analog to digital television will result in the same improvement in images on a
screen that CDs bring to sound. Telephones will follow, and with advances in wireless technology and
the continuing spread of LANs and WANs, new worlds of communication will open up. Bill Gates, the
chairman of the giant Microsoft company in the USA calls these developments ‘the new digital world
order’.
Super TV
At the moment, the USA is the world leader in advanced television because the government decided
to go digital, while Europe and Japan were still pursuing analog developments. The first result of
digital television is higher picture resolution: HDTV (high definition TV) gives a sharper, better picture,
and, unlike analog television, the picture quality does not necessarily suffer when displayed on a big
screen. But, if we then put additional chips in the TV and change from broadcast to cable
transmission, we make the TV in people’s living rooms a lot more powerful.
Consumers can plan to receive just the programs they want, and TV channels can offer the service
that at present video rental shops and libraries offer. Packets of video information are transmitted to
a TV receiver equipped with memory (1 hour of video can be sent in 5 seconds) and the consumer
can then look rapidly through any of these many hours of video information in any order, looking for
more information on subjects he is interested in, and ignoring the rest. In this way, watching
television can become more like reading a book or having a conversation. An added possibility is for
viewers, connected through microphones on the sets, to watch a soccer match together, passing
comments around during the play.
Consumers can also have their own private collection of films immediately available. By interacting
with the TV to indicate their favorite actors and themes, they can ask the TV to select films for them.
Another possibility is for the viewer to stop, cut and change films (in the way that a word processor
lets us stop, cut and change text) to produce their own unique version of any film.
Finally, super TVs will also allow the user to do shopping and pay bills from the home. Companies will
offer all kinds of products: second-hand cars, kitchen utensils, houses, pizzas and so on, on the TV
screen which consumers can order, pay for and have delivered without moving or using any other
device than the TV.
The pocket communicator is the result of combining a palmtop computer and a wireless telephone. It
will let us send and receive messages around the world, not just limited type of short message sent
today, but full documents which may include voice messages and pictures.
Personalised newspapers
Computers will scan networks of data and news services to print a daily personalised newspaper.
Each individual provides the computer with information about his interests and tastes. For example,
one person is especially interested in sport (particularly motorcycle racing, squash, and tennis),
economic affairs, all aspects of the Middle East, the theatre and medicine, while another is
interested in domestic politics, gardening, music (particularly jazz and opera), society gossip, and
food. Both get a completely different newspaper, because their computers have chosen and
compiled different information for each of them, giving special emphasis to their individual interests.
Digital cameras shoot the image and then store it on a computer disk, displaying the picture in a
video-screen viewfinder. The computer manufacturers Apple are working on an enhanced digital
camera which allows the photographer to record his voice into the machine, or write notes onto the
viewfinder, and store it all on disk with the image. Smart cassette recorders will let users mark points
on the tape during a recording by pushing a button. The recordings are loaded into the computer and
the user can edit the tape as he likes. If a university student has recorded a visiting professor’s
lecture on artificial intelligence, he can use the markers to find the parts that sounded particularly
good and then send them by e-mail to colleagues or insert them into the composition he is writing on
disk.
Actividades de lectura:
4. Resuelva
5. ¿A qué se refieren?
Actividades de post-lectura:
TRABAJO PRÁCTICO Nº
Actividades de pre-lectura:
1. Lea el título del texto. ¿Qué información adicional piensa que le proporcionará?
2. Lea la primera oración de cada párrafo y elabore una hipótesis de lectura.
3. Lea el texto completo.
If you think about it, using fax machines is very inefficient. You type a letter on
a word processor, print it on a laser printer, and put the hard copy (the pages
of paper) into a fax, or use a fax modem. The last step means that the
recipient receives a text which is not computer-readable, and so it is ‘lost’,
since the recipient cannot use the text in a computer-based information
management system.
Why do we use fax machines, then? Because there are millions of them, many
more than good electronic mail systems. Fax machines have arrived: they are
mass produced and the basis of a multi-billion dollar industry because they
are marketable. Why is there such a big market for them? Because they are
useful, and they are getting smaller, cheaper and easier to use. But the fax
machine is the perfect example of a completely dumb terminal: it can do
nothing with the information it sends and receives except print it on paper. So
the fax machine is keeping us back, and preventing us from developing e-mail
and establishing coherent information management systems. Put another
way, it represents an approach which severely limits the quality and originality
of the products and services that may appear.
Suppose it is eight a.m. on Monday, January 10. You are at home, and in three
hours you are going to fly to New York. Your computer passes the information
for the day to a printer which delivers your personalized newspaper. You pick it
up. The headline is that your flight to New York is delayed. Your newspaper
explains that there is a technical problem with the plane. It also tells you about
other airlines with flights to New York this morning, giving information about
times, prices, and seats available. If the network were intelligent enough, it
could also book your seat on the best alternative and contact your host in New
York to warn him that you will be arriving late. The rest of the news is also
there: your football team lost last night, the Yen rose three points, etc.
We see again that networks are the key to unlocking the potential of computer
and telecommunication technology. Now we have described two important
elements that these networks need to incorporate: they need to handle
computer-readable information, and they need to be intelligent. Networks are
often likened to roads. By analogy, we are going from a system of more or less
slow, isolated country roads to a system of motorways with room for more and
faster traffic which are better connected. This analogy is unfortunate because
it suggests that the network can stand by itself, but in fact, the network
depends on the intelligence at each node and at the ends of the network. It is
the intelligence of the network –its ability to code, decode, and use data
according to the needs of the user that makes the system work.
At the moment there is a big gap between the way the defence departments of
the richest countries use computers and the way ordinary consumers in these
countries use them. The consumer is still being offered products that do not
take advantage of the potential of present technology, and there is a real
danger that considerations of short-term profit will prevent us from enjoying
the real fruits. Why should Sony go to all the trouble of producing a really
smart TV when just making the picture better is enough to keep the consumer
buying their products?
Actividades de lectura:
Párrafo 1
1.1. Extraiga la idea principal.
1.2. Encuentre un verbo en voz pasiva e identifique el tiempo verbal.
1.3. ¿Qué tipo de condición se expresa en la frase ‘if TVs remain ‘isolated’, many
opportunities are lost’?
1.4. ¿Qué ideas opone el conector ‘but’ de la línea 5?
Párrafo 2
2.1. Extraiga la idea principal.
2.2. Encuentre una noción de adición y explíquela.
2.3. Identifique una enumeración y diga de que se trata.
2.4. Ubique un ejemplo de prefijo y uno de sufijo. Traduzca las palabras que los
contienen.
Párrafo 3
3.1. Mencione las ventajas y desventajas de las máquinas de fax.
3.2. Encuentre dos verbos en diferente tiempo. Identifíquelos.
3.3 ¿A qué se refiere ‘which’ en la línea 27?
3.4. Identifique una noción de razón. Explíquela.
Párrafo 4
4.1. ¿Qué secuencia se describe en este párrafo? Identifique los marcadores de la
secuencia.
4.2. ¿A qué se refiere ‘other’ en la línea 31?
4.3. Explique la frase que incluye ‘instead of’ en la línea 36?
Párrafo 5
5.1. ¿Con qué otros dispositivos se compara a la máquina de fax?
5.2. Encuentre una frase donde se compare información.
5.3. Ubique un verbo en voz pasiva e identifique el tiempo en el que está.
5.4. ¿Qué noción se expresa con el conector ‘thus’?
5.5. El párrafo finaliza con una condición. ¿Cuál? Aclare de que se trata.
Párrafo 6
6.1. ¿Qué se explica en este párrafo?
6.2. ¿Cuál es el propósito de incluir este párrafo en el texto? Explique.
6.3. ¿A qué se refiere ‘it’ en la línea 51?
6.4. Encuentre una condición, identifique el tipo de condicional y explique de
acuerdo al contexto.
Párrafo 7
7.1. ¿Qué necesitan incorporar las redes?
7.2. ¿Qué indica ‘by analogy’ en la línea 63?
7.3. ¿A qué se refiere ‘that’ en la línea 62?
7.4. Encuentre e identifique dos verbos en diferente tiempo.
7.5. Identifique el nexo de razón-causa por la cual la analogía entre las redes y los
caminos es desafortunada. Explique la idea.
Párrafo 8
8.1. ¿Cuál es, de acuerdo al texto, la situación en la actualidad?
8.2. Identifique una estructura impersonal y tradúzcala.
8.3. Indique tiempo y voz de la frase ‘is being offered’.
8.4. ¿Por qué termina el texto con un interrogante? ¿Cuál es la idea?
Actividades de post-lectura:
TRABAJO PRÁCTICO Nº
OPERATING SYSTEMS
Actividades de pre-lectura:
OPERATING SYSTEMS
MS-DOS This is the Disk Operating System developed in 1981 by
Microsoft Corp. It is the standard OS for all IBM PC compatibles, or
clones. In this text-based operating system, you communicate with the
computers by typing instructions (commands) that exist within its
library. For example, some basic DOS commands include: DIR (shows
a list of all the files in a directory), COPY (makes a duplicate of a file),
DEL (deletes files from your disk).
Actividades de lectura:
1. Enumere las líneas del texto de cinco en cinco y luego léalo para encontrar:
2. Resuelva
3. Referentes
Actividades de post-lectura:
TRABAJO PRÁCTICO Nº
JAVA IN 60 MINUTES
Actividades de pre-lectura:
1. Observe el formato el texto. ¿Qué tipo de texto es? ¿Cuál es la función de este
tipo de textos?
2. ¿De dónde proviene el texto?
3. Lea los subtítulos, observe la foto y formule una hipótesis de lectura.
Actividades de lectura:
2. Resuelva
https://7chan.org/pr/src/Java_in_60_Minutes_A_Day_-_ISBN_0471423149.pdf
Capítulo extraido del libro ‘Java in 60 minutes a day’, de R.F. Raposa, 2003, Wiley Publishing
Actividades de post-lectura:
TRABAJO PRÁCTICO Nº
Actividades de pre-lectura:
Actividades de lectura:
3. Busque este artículo en Internet e identifique el autor del mismo. Indague sobre la
autoridad y relevancia de este autor en el campo de la informática.
http://www.techrepublic.com/blog/10-things/10-fundamental-differences-between-linux-and-
windows/
4 ¿Qué tiempo verbal predomina en el texto? ¿Por qué piensa que se eligió ese
tiempo verbal?
Actividades de post-lectura:
10 fundamental differences
between Linux and Windows
Before debating the relative merits and shortcomings of Linux and Windows, it helps to
understand the real distinctions between them. Jack Wallen has distilled the key differences into
one list.
Before debating the relative merits and shortcomings of Linux and Windows, it helps to
understand the real distinctions between them. Jack Wallen has distilled the key differences into
one list.
I have been around the Linux community for more than 10 years now. From the very beginning,
I have known that there are basic differences between Linux and Windows that will always set
them apart. This is not, in the least, to say one is better than the other. It's just to say that they
are fundamentally different. Many people, looking from the view of one operating system or the
other, don't quite get the differences between these two powerhouses. So I decided it might
serve the public well to list 10 of the primary differences between Linux and Windows.
dedicated Web sites. And of course, if you feel the need, you can purchase support contracts
from some of the bigger Linux companies (Red Hat and Novell for instance).
However, when you use the peer support inherent in Linux, you do fall prey to time. You could
have an issue with something, send out e-mail to a mailing list or post on a forum, and within 10
minutes be flooded with suggestions. Or these suggestions could take hours of days to come in.
It seems all up to chance sometimes. Still, generally speaking, most problems with Linux have
been encountered and documented. So chances are good you'll find your solution fairly quickly.
On the other side of the coin is support for Windows. Yes, you can go the same route with
Microsoft and depend upon your peers for solutions. There are just as many help
sites/lists/forums for Windows as there are for Linux. And you can purchase support from
Microsoft itself. Most corporate higher-ups easily fall victim to the safety net that having a
support contract brings. But most higher-ups haven't had to depend up on said support contract.
Of the various people I know who have used either a Linux paid support contract or a Microsoft
paid support contract, I can't say one was more pleased than the other. This of course begs the
question "Why do so many say that Microsoft support is superior to Linux paid support?"
as Synaptic. With Synaptic, you can open up one tool, search for an application (or group of
applications), and install that application without having to do any Web searching (or
purchasing).
Windows has nothing like this. With Windows, you must know where to find the software you
want to install, download the software (or put the CD into your machine), and run setup.exe or
install.exe with a simple double-click. For many years, it was thought that installing applications
on Windows was far easier than on Linux. And for many years, that thought was right on target.
Not so much now. Installation under Linux is simple, painless, and centralized.
Your call...
Those are 10 fundamental differences between Linux and Windows. You can decide for
yourself whether you think those differences give the advantage to one operating system or the
other. Me? Well I think my reputation (and opinion) precedes me, so I probably don't need to
say I feel strongly that the advantage leans toward Linux.
http://www.techrepublic.com/blog/10-things/10-fundamental-differences-between-linux-and-
windows/
TRABAJO PRÁCTICO Nº
Actividades de pre-lectura:
a. b. c.
Actividades de lectura:
En este trabajo Ud. encontrará dos textos con sus correspondientes actividades.
TEXTO 1:
Computer graphics
Computer graphics are pictures and drawings produced by
computer. A graphics program interprets the input provided by
the user and transforms it into images that can be displayed on
the screen, printed on paper or transferred to microfilm. In the
process the computer uses hundreds of mathematical formulas
to convert the bits of data into precise shapes and colours.
Graphics can be developed for a variety of uses including
presentations, desktop publishing, illustrations, architectural
designs and detailed engineering drawings.
the actual parts are made. This can save a lot of time and
money.
2. Resuelva
TEXTO 2
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Actividades de post-lectura:
1. Interprete o traduzca las definiciones y luego únalas con los íconos. Cuidado!!
Hay definiciones que hacen referencia a más de un ícono y puede haber
definiciones sin íconos o íconos sin definiciones.
TRABAJO PRÁCTICO Nº
Actividades de pre-lectura:
Actividades de lectura:
1. Realice una lectura rápida del texto y mencione cuántos lenguajes de programación se
mencionan. ¿Cuáles conoce?
2. Realice una lectura más detallada del texto y complete el siguiente cuadro con la información
del texto.
FECHA DE
LENGUAJE DESCRIPCIÓN DESARROLLADOR
APARICIÓN
Actividades de post-lectura:
1. Investigue sobre otros lenguajes de programación que son utilizados o fueron utilizados en el
ámbito de la informática. Y luego comparta los resultados de su investigación en clase a
través de una presentación de multimedia. Puede ser una presentación grupal de no más de
tres integrantes.
The tech sector is booming. If you've used a smartphone or logged on to a computer at least once in
the last few years, you've probably noticed this.
As a result, coding skills are in high demand, with programming jobs paying significantly more than
the average position. Even beyond the tech world, an understanding of at least one programming
language makes an impressive addition to any resumé.
The in-vogue languages vary by employment sector. Financial and enterprise systems need to
perform complicated functions and remain highly organized, requiring languages like Java and C#.
Media- and design-related webpages and software will require dynamic, versatile and functional
languages with minimal code, such as Ruby, PHP, JavaScript and Objective-C.
With some help from Lynda.com, we've compiled a list of 10 of the most sought-after programming
languages to get you up to speed.
1. Java
2. C Language
What it is: A general-purpose, imperative programming language developed in the early '70s, C is
the oldest and most widely used language, providing the building blocks for other popular languages,
Mg. Silvia Karina Roselot 46
I. S. F. T. Nº 182 Inglés Técnico II – Lectura Comprensiva -
such as C#, Java, JavaScript and Python. C is mostly used for implementing operating systems and
embedded applications.
Because it provides the foundation for many other languages, it is advisable to learn C (and C++)
before moving on to others.
3. C++
4. C#
5. Objective-C
create iPhone apps, which has generated a huge demand for this once-outmoded programming
language.
Where to learn it: Udemy, Lynda.com, Mac Developer Library, Cocoa Dev Central, Mobile Tuts+.
6. PHP
What it is: PHP (Hypertext Processor) is a free, server-side scripting language designed for dynamic
websites and app development. It can be directly embedded into an HTML source document rather
than an external file, which has made it a popular programming language for web developers. PHP
powers more than 200 million websites, including Wordpress, Digg and Facebook.
Where to learn it: Udemy, Codecademy, Lynda.com, Treehouse, Zend Developer Zone, PHP.net.
7. Python
What it is: Python is a high-level, server-side scripting language for websites and mobile apps. It's
considered a fairly easy language for beginners due to its readability and compact syntax, meaning
developers can use fewer lines of code to express a concept than they would in other languages. It
powers the web apps for Instagram, Pinterest and Rdio through its associated web framework,
Django, and is used by Google, Yahoo! and NASA.
8. Ruby
What it is: A dynamic, object-oriented scripting language for developing websites and mobile apps,
Ruby was designed to be simple and easy to write. It powers the Ruby on Rails (or Rails) framework,
which is used on Scribd, GitHub, Groupon and Shopify. Like Python, Ruby is considered a fairly
user-friendly language for beginners.
Mg. Silvia Karina Roselot 48
I. S. F. T. Nº 182 Inglés Técnico II – Lectura Comprensiva -
9. JavaScript
What it is: JavaScript is a client and server-side scripting language developed by Netscape that
derives much of its syntax from C. It can be used across multiple web browsers and is considered
essential for developing interactive or animated web functions. It is also used in game development
and writing desktop applications. JavaScript interpreters are embedded in Google's Chrome
extensions, Apple's Safari extensions, Adobe Acrobat and Reader, and Adobe's Creative Suite.
10. SQL
What it is: Structured Query Language (SQL) is a special-purpose language for managing data in
relational database management systems. It is most commonly used for its "Query" function, which
searches informational databases. SQL was standardized by the American National Standards
Institute (ANSI) and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in the 1980s.
http://mashable.com/2014/01/21/learn-programming-languages/
TRABAJO PRÁCTICO Nº
Actividades de pre-lectura:
More and more people are discovering free software. Many people only do so after weeks, or even
months, of using it. I wonder, for example, how many Firefox users actually know how free Firefox
really is—many of them realise that you can get it for free, but find it hard to believe that anybody
can modify it and even redistribute it legally.
When the discovery is made, the first instinct is to ask: why do they do it? Programming is hard
work. Even though most (if not all) programmers are driven by their higher-than-normal IQs and their
amazing passion for solving problems, it’s still hard to understand why so many of them would donate
so much of their time to creating something that they can’t really show off to anybody but their
colleagues or geek friends.
Sure, anybody can buy laptops, and just program. No need to get a full-on lab or spend thousands of
dollars in equipment. But... is that the full story?
The first myth is that free software programmers are all starving. Many people don’t realise that a lot
of free software programmers are actually paid to do their work. They are definitely lucky: they might
be employed by a big company like Red Hat, that has never disappointed in terms of licensing
and patch submissions. Or, they might work as contractors on specialised modules, on the basis that
their code will be available to others; this happens a lot with the CMS Drupal, which we use for Free
Software Magazine. On the other hand, for every (more or less) paid free software programmer there
are many more who aren’t. They do it because they either need/want something that doesn’t exist (or,
it does exist, but they need/want it done in different way), or because they just love programming and
being part of a fantastic, enormous and ever growing community.
Paid or unpaid, company or private programmers, the question remains: why do they do it?
The answer, as amazing as it sounds, is “convenience”. It’s better, and more importantly cheaper, to
develop free software.
A good example is Red Hat, which created Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL). RHEL is based on
thousands of pieces of free software, as well as extra packages that are developed internally. Unlike
many of their less successful competitors, everything—even the custom software they’ve written—is
released under the GPL (or another license which is ultimately based around the idea of being able to
share the code). By releasing everything under the GPL, they basically get thousands and thousands of
beta testers who test their code and send patches back to make sure that things get fixed. (For those
who aren’t developers: a “patch” is basically an improvement to an existing piece of code; it’s
basically a modification to an existing program, in order to fix problems or extend functionality). If
Red Hat didn’t release the code, they would have to spend enormous amounts of money to do what
they do—and it wouldn’t be half as good. What about CentOS, the Red Hat Enterprise Linux clone
which uses Red Hat’s source packages and doesn’t require you to have a support contract with Red
Hat in order to use it? I am sure CentOS “costs” Red Hat decent amounts of money in terms of lost
revenue; however, I also know that it actually helps Red Hat’s sales (I, personally, know of two
different companies that started out with CentOS and “upgraded” to RHEL), and creates an army of
system administrators who are used to CentOS and are going to pick Red Hat Enterprise Linux when
their company wants a supported operating system. It’s a bit like paying for advertising, really.
I talked about patches... why would all those people send patches back to Red Hat? Because it’s
better to do so.
Take Apache, for example. If your company runs Apache on its servers, you, of course, need it to
work right. Now, if it doesn’t and you find a bug, you can report the bug to the Apache developers.
However, the bug might be one that will only affect a small minority of users; this might mean that it
will have a very low priority for the developers. If it's important enough to you, you might decide to
try and fix it yourself or, perhaps, pay somebody else to fix it.
If you send your patch back to the Apache developers, you will know that the bug will be fixed in
every new release of Apache, so you won't have to keep fixing it every time you upgrade to a new
version. Not only that, but everybody else who uses Apache will benefit too. Your patch will be
checked over by amazing developers, improved, discussed and improved some more.
On the other hand, if you decide that you want to be greedy, and you don’t submit the bug, you will
have to re-apply it every time a new version of Apache comes out—and hope that the your patch still
works each time. You will also have to settle for a patch that hasn’t been peer-reviewed and, therefore,
could (err... will), itself, be buggy. This is also true when you apply patches that would give
your company a so-called “competitive advantage”: you might decide to improve Apache so that it’s
vastly better than the “stock” version in some specific (and critical, to you) ways. However, you have
the same problem: you will have to hope that whatever you change will keep on working over time
with each version, and you will have to invest real money in developing and testing the patch(es).
I recently developed a karma module for Drupal. We wanted it for Free Software Magazine;
therefore, I can say that I “got paid” to write it. Now, the module has been used on many other sites
and is reviewed and improved by many other developers. On top of that, I also get recognition for
having written a very powerful karma module for Drupal.
It might take the poetry away from free software, when you say that people and companies write it
because it “suits them”. But, it may well be the case.
http://www.freesoftwaremagazine.com/articles/editorial_20
Actividades de lectura:
1. Realice una lectura detallada del texto y realice un reporte del tema tratado. El reporte
puede ser en forma de párrafos o se puede hacer un reporte a través de un gráfico y/o
esquema.
2. Encuentre y explique cinco nociones diferentes y explíquelas.
3. Encuentre, identifique y explique un condicional.
4. Busque este artículo en Internet (debajo del texto está el link) e identifique de donde fue
extraído y nombre otra información que puede ser encontrada en ese link.
Actividades de post-lectura:
Investigue sobre software libre desarrollado en Argentina y presente los resultados de su búsqueda
de información a través de un reporte.
TRABAJO PRÁCTICO Nº
Actividades de pre-lectura:
Tema
Fuente
Autor
Tipo de texto
Actividades de lectura:
1. Realice una lectura detallada del texto y confeccione un cuadro con las características
principales del producto que se ofrece.
Actividades de post-lectura:
1. Investigue sobre switches y elabore un listado con los switches más utilizados en la
actualidad.
ANEXOS
I. S. F. T. Nº 182 Inglés Técnico II – Lectura Comprensiva -
ANEXO 1:
LISTADO DE PREFIJOS
exterior
extra- - extra extraterritorial extraterritorial
for(e)- - anterior foregoing precedente
- hacia adelante forecast predecir
hemi- - medio hemisphere hemisferio
hetero- - diferente heterogeneous heterogéneo
hind- - posterior hindbrain cerebelo
homo- - mismo homogeneous homogéneo
hydro- - agua hydrology hidrología
- hidrógeno hydrocarbon hidrocarburo
hyper- - excesivo hypertension hipertensión
hypo- - por debajo hypotension hipotensión
ill- - errónea, mal illmatched incompatible
il- - no impossible imposible
im- - opuesto inaccurate inexacto
in-
in- - adentro inborn innato
infra- - debajo de infrared infrarrojo
inter- - entre interaction interacción
intra- - dentro intravenous intravenoso
intro-
ir- - opuesto irregular irregular
iso- - igual isomagnetic isomagnético
kilo- - 1.000 kilogram kilogramo
macro- - grande macromolecule macromolécula
mal- - mal malformation malformación
male- - negativo
mali-
mega- - muy grande megawatt megavatio
megalo- - un millón
meta- - cambio metamorphic metamórfico
micro- - pequeño microclimate microclima
microcomputer microcomputadora
milli- - un milésimo milligram miligramo
mini- - pequeño minicomputer minicomputadora
mis- - errado, mal miscalculate calcular mal
mono- - uno monoxide monóxido
multi- - muchos multilateral multilateral
neo- - nuevo neolithic neolítico
non- - negativo noneffective ineficaz
out- - exterior outdoors exterior
- en exceso outmeasure medir en exceso
over- - en exceso overdose sobredosis
- superior, encima overconfident demasiado
confiado
para- - similar a parameter parámetro
peri- - alrededor peripherals periféricos
LISTADO DE SUFIJOS
TERMINACIÓN FUNCION EJEMPLO EN EQUIVALENTE EN
INGLES CASTELLANO
Palabra raíz y
palabra derivada
ANEXO 2:
VERBOS COMPUESTOS
a
ADD UP totalizar-sumar ADD UP TO alcanzar un total
ANSWER
contestar de malos modos ANSWER FOR responder de
BACK
ASK ABOUT preguntar por (un asunto) ASK AFTER preguntar por la salud
ASK FOR pedir, preguntar por ASK UP TO pedir hasta (un precio)
ASK BACK invitar a volver ASK DOWN invitar a bajar
ASK IN invitar a entrar ASK OUT invitar a salir
ASK UP invitar a subir
b
BACK
retroceder BACK OUT volver atrás
AWAY
BACK UP reforzar – respaldar- resguardar BE ABOUT estar por (un lugar)
BE AWAY estar fuera BE BACK estar de vuelta
BE FOR estar a favor de BE IN estar en casa
BE OFF irse, estar apagado BE ON estar encendido
BE OUT estar fuera BE OVER estar acabado
BE UP estar levantado BEND DOWN agacharse
BEND OVER inclinarse BLOW AWAY llevarse (el viento)
BLOW
derrumbarse por el viento BLOW OFF dejar salir (el vapor)
DOWN
BLOW OUT apagar (se) (una llama) BLOW UP volar (con explosivos)
BREAK
soltarse BREAK DOWN derruir, averiarse
AWAY
BREAK IN irrumpir, interrumpir BREAK OFF romper (se) (relaciones)
BREAK UP terminar el curso o una relación BREAK OUT estallar (una guerra)
BRING
devolver BRING ABOUT acarrear
BACK
BRING
traer (consigo) BRING DOWN derribar, rebajar
ALONG
BRING IN hacer entrar BRING OUT hacer salir, publicar
c
CALL AT Hacer una visita, hacer escala CALL AWAY Seguir llamando
CALL BACK Llamar (a alguien) para que regrese CALL FOR Pedir a voces, exigir
CALL IN Llamar (a alguien) para que entre CALL ON Ir a ver (a alguien)
CALL OUT Gritar CALL OVER Pasar lista, enumerar
Llamar (a alguien) para que
CALL UP Telefonear CALL DOWN
baje
CARRY
Persuadir CARRY OFF Llevarse a la fuerza
ALONG
CARRY ON Continuar CARRY OUT Llevar a cabo
CLEAR
Dispersar (se) CLEAR OFF Marcharse
AWAY
Aclararse (el tiempo,un
CLEAR OUT Marcharse CLEAR UP
misterio)
CLOSE
Cerrar CLOSE UP Acercarse
DOWN
COME
Suceder COME ACROSS Encontrarse con
ABOUT
COME
Acompañar, venir por (la calle) COME AT Embestir
ALONG
COME
Desprenderse COME DOWN Bajar
AWAY
COME FOR Venir por (en busca de) COME FROM Venir de
COME IN Entrar COME OFF Desprenderse
COME ON ¡Vamos! (en imperativo) COME OUT Salir
COME TO Ascender (una suma), volver en sí. COME UP Subir - salir
COME UP
Acercarse a COUNT IN Incluir
TO
COUNT ON Contar con COUNT UP Calcular
COUNT UP
Contar hasta CRY FOR Pedir llorando
TO
CRY OUT Llorar a gritos CRY OVER Lamentarse
CRY TO Llamar a gritos CUT DOWN Reducir gastos, talar
CUT IN Interrumpir CUT OFF Separar de un tajo
CUT OUT Recortar, omitir CUT THROUGH Acortar por un atajo
d
DIE AWAY Cesar poco a poco DIE DOWN Apaciguarse
DIE OUT Extinguirse DO UP Abrochar
DO
Pasarse sin (carecer de) DRAW AWAY Alejarse
WITHOUT
DRAW
Retroceder DRAW DOWN Bajar
BACK
DRAW IN Economizar, encoger (se) DRAW OFF Apartarse
Sacar, redactar, alargarse (el
DRAW ON Aproximarse, retirar fondos DRAW OUT
día)
DRAW UP Para (un vehículo) DRIVE AWAY Ahuyentar, alejarse en coche
DRIVE
Rechazar DRIVE BY Pasar en coche
BACK
DRIVE IN Entrar en coche, introducir DRIVE OUT Salir en coche, expulsar
e
EAT AWAY Erosionar EAT INTO Roer
EAT UP Devorar
f
FALL DOWN Caerse FALL OFF Disminuir, desprenderse
FALL OVER Tropezar FIGHT OFF Ahuyentar
FIGHT ON Seguir luchando FIGHT UP Luchar valerosamente
FILL IN Rellenar FILL UP Rellenar, llenar
FIND OUT Averiguar FIX UP Arreglar (un asunto)
FLY ABOUT Volar de un lado a otro FLY AT Atacar
FLY AWAY Huir volando FLY DOWN Descender
FLY OFF Desprenderse
g
GET ABOUT Ir de acá para allá GET ALONG Hacer progreso
GET AT Dar a entender GET AWAY Escaparse
GET BACK Volver, recuperar GET DOWN Descender
GET TO Llegar a GET IN / INTO Entrar, meterse
GET OUT
Salir, apearse GET OFF Apearse, bajarse
(OF)
h
HANG
Vagar HANG BACK Retraerse
ABOUT
HANG
Quedarse atrás HANG FROM Colgar de
BEHIND
HANG OFF Colgar (el teléfono) HANG UP Colgar (un cuadro)
HOLD BACK Detener HOLD ON Continuar
HOLD OUT Resistir HURRY ALONG Darse prisa
HURRY
Irse rápidamente HURRY OFF Irse rápidamente
AWAY
HURRY UP Darse prisa
j
JUMP
Dar saltos JUMP AT Atacar
ABOUT
JUMP DOWN Bajar de un salto JUMP IN Entrar de un salto
JUMP ON Subir de un salto JUMP OVER Saltar por encima de
k
KEEP AWAY Mantenerse alejado KEEP BACK Mantenerse separado
KEEP DOWN Controlar KEEP OFF Abstenerse
KEEP UP Mantenerse de pie, resistir KNOCK ABOUT Golpear acá y allá
KNOCK AT Llamar (a la puerta) KNOCK DOWN Derribar
KNOCK OUT Dejar fuera de combate
l
Mg. Silvia Karina Roselot - 67 -
I. S. F. T. Nº 182 Inglés Técnico II – Lectura Comprensiva -
LOOK
Cuidar LOOK AT Mirar
AFTER
LOOK
Mirar atrás LOOK DOWN Mirar abajo
BEHIND
LOOK
LOOK FOR Buscar Anhelar
FORWARD TO
LOOK IN Mirar dentro LOOK LIKE Parecer
LOOK OUT Mirar fuera LOOK OVER Mirar por encima de
LOOK
Mirar alrededor LOOK UP Mirar arriba, buscar
ROUND
m
MOVE
Alejarse MOVE ALONG Pasar, no detenerse
AWAY
MOVE
Bajar MOVE IN Mudarse (de domicilio)
DOWN
No detenerse, pasar a (otro
MOVE OFF Marcharse MOVE ON
asunto)
MOVE OUT Mudarse (de domicilio) MOVE UP Moverse (para dejar sitio)
p
PASS AWAY Fallecer PASS BY Pasar por (un sitio)
PASS IN Entrar PASS ON Pasar (de mano en mano)
PAY FOR Pagar PAY IN Ingresar (dinero)
PAY OFF Liquidar (una cuenta), pagar PAY UP Pagar (una deuda)
POINT AT Señalar POINT AWAY Señalar a lo lejos
POINT TO Señalar POINT DOWN Señalar abajo
POINT OUT Destacar POINT UP Señalar arriba
PULL AWAY Arrancar PULL DOWN Derribar
PULL OFF Arrancar PULL OUT Sacar
PULL UP Parar (un vehículo) PUT AWAY Poner a un lado
PUT BACK Poner en su sitio PUT DOWN Anotar, bajar (algo)
PUT IN Meter, instalar PUT OFF Posponer
PUT ON Ponerse (una prenda) PUT OUT Apagar, sacar
PUT UP Subir (algo), alojarse PUT UP WITH Soportar
r
Encontrarse con, atravesar
RUN ABOUT Correr de acá para allá RUN ACROSS
corriendo
RUN DOWN Pararse (un reloj), enfermar RUN IN Entrar corriendo
RUN OFF Escapar corriendo RUN OUT Salir corriendo
s
SEE ABOUT Indagar SEE OFF Despedir (a alguien)
SEE TO Encargarse de SEND ALONG Despachar
SEND DOWN Bajar (algo) SEND FOR Enviar por
SEND OFF Despachar,despedir (trabajadores) SEND ROUND Circular
SEND UP Subir (algo) SET ABOUT Ponerse (a trabajar)
SET DOWN Asentar, colocar SET OFF Partir (para un viaje)
SHUT IN Encerrar SHUT UP Callarse, cerrar (una tienda)
Incorporarse, sentarse
SIT DOWN Sentarse SIT UP
erguido
SIT FOR Presentarse (a un examen) SPEAK FOR Hablar a favor de
SPEAK TO Hablar con SPEAK UP Hablar en alta voz
STAND BY Quedarse cerca STAND OFF Mantenerse alejado
STAND OUT Destacar STAND UP Ponerse de pie
STAY AT Hospedarse STAY BY Permanecer al lado de
STAY IN Quedarse en casa STAY OUT Quedarse fuera de casa
STEP
Atravesar STEP DOWN Bajar
ACROSS
STEP IN Entrar STEP OUT Salir
STEP UP Subir STEP UP TO Acercarse a (alguien)
STOP BY Quedarse al lado de STOP IN Quedarse en casa
Empastar (una muela), tapar (una
STOP UP STASH AWAY esconder
botella)
t
TAKE
Escribir al dictado, bajar (algo) TAKE FOR Tomar por (equivocarse)
DOWN
Quitarse (una prenda),
TAKE IN Engañar, meter TAKE OFF
despegar
TAKE OUT Sacar, quitar TAKE TO Llevar a
TAKE UP Subir (algo) TALK ABOUT Hablar acerca de
TALK OF Hablar de TALK TO Hablar con
TEAR AWAY Quitar (rasgando) TEAR OFF Separar (rasgando)
TEAR UP Hacer pedazos (rasgando) THROW AWAY Tirar (algo inservible)
THROW
Devolver THROW DOWN Tirar hacia abajo
BACK
THROW IN Tirar hacia adentro THROW OFF Echar fuera
THROW Arrojar THROW UP Tirar hacia arriba
OUT
TRY ON Probarse una prenda TURN AWAY Mirar a otro lado
TURN BACK Darse la vuelta TURN DOWN Poner boca abajo
Encender (la luz), abrir (una
TURN OFF Apagar (la luz), cerrar (una llave) TURN ON
llave)
TURN OUT Apagar TURN OVER Volcar, poner boca abajo
TURN INTO Convertirse TURN UP Llegar
w
WALK
Andar de acá para allá WALK ALONG Andar por
ABOUT
WALK
Alejarse andando WALK DOWN Bajar
AWAY
WALK IN Entrar WALK OFF Marcharse
WALK UP Subir WORK OUT Calcular
WORK
Trabajar a las órdenes de WRITE DOWN Anotar
UNDER
ANEXO 3:
ALTERNATIVA o or o
(se expresa una opción o either…..or o bien….o
entre dos o más ideas) o neither….nor ni bien…ni
o instead of en cambio
Los “Phrasal Verbs” o “Verbos Compuestos” son un aspecto muy particular del
inglés y que frecuentemente causa confusión entre las personas que están
aprendiendo este idioma.
Los phrasal verbs son expresiones idiomáticas que se forman combinando verbos
con preposiciones o adverbios. Esto da como resultado nuevos verbos compuestos
con un significado muy distinto al que nos da el diccionario para los verbos
individuales.
Otro ejemplo...
Si al verbo “put” (poner en inglés) le agregamos “out”, es decir “put out”, tenemos
que, según mi Babylon, este nuevo verbo significa:
Ejemplos: ‘The old man is getting weaker’ (El hombre viejo se esta debilitando). En
este caso, ‘get’ pierde su significado original (conseguir) y ayuda a formar el verbo
derivado del adjetivo ‘weak’ (debil).
Más ejemplos:
- It is growing dark. (Está oscureciendo.)
- Everything has gone wrong. (Todo salió mal.)
- He soon fell asleep. (El se durmió pronto)
MODIFICADORES
A) EJEMPLIFICACION GENERAL
C) PARTICIPIOS CONTRASTADOS
D) GENITIVO
E) DEMOSTRATIVOS
F) POSESIVOS
G) INDEFINIDOS
H) MODIFICADORES EN SERIE
I) COMPARACIÓN
J) VARIABLES INTERDEPENDIENTES
1. the greater the complexity, the more the responsibility in the supervision
of data
2. the smaller the distance, the greater the possible storage density
3. the better you organize your work, the less time you spend working
Las oraciones condicionales son de tres tipos (1,2,3) aunque también se reconoce un
condicional tipo 0.
If people invite you to a party, they expect you to come properly dressed.
(Si te invitan a una fiesta, se espera que vayas correctamente vestido/a)
Se usa este tipo de oración condicional para hablar acerca de algo que siempre
sucede. Es como una ley. En este tipo de condición if (si) tiene un significado
similar a when (cuando):
If people invite you to a party, they expect you to come properly dressed.
(Si te invitan a una fiesta, se espera que vayas correctamente vestido/a)
(= When people invite you to a party, they expect you to come properly
dressed)
(Cuando te invitan a una fiesta, se espera que vayas correctamente vestido/a)
Se utiliza para hablar de situaciones imaginarias. Es muy común expresar este tipo
de condición en situaciones cotidianas de nuestras vidas, por ejemplo, cuando
decimos ‘Si tuviera un auto, no viajaría en tren’.
Ejemplos:
If I had done the last exercise in the exam, I would have passed.
(Si hubiera hecho el último ejercicio del examen, hubiera aprobado).
Obviamente al expresar esta oración notamos que la persona que habla no hizo el
último ejercicio y por eso no aprobó, pero la situación ya pasó y eso no se puede
revertir.
Supongamos que en el texto que nos toca trabajar, aparece el siguiente ejemplo:
‘Si una compañía imprime mucho, una alternativa es usar más el correo
electrónico’.
Esto obviamente es una situación posible ante un problema. Por lo tanto esta
oración es un ‘Condicional Tipo 1: Posible’.
No siempre las compañías recurren al uso del e-mail cuando se gasta mucho en
impresiones. Por lo tanto no es una verdad absoluta, ni una ley!! Es una situación
posible por eso es un condicional Tipo 1.
2. If the hammer in train printers hits a little early or late, the character
will appear slightly to the right of its proper position.
9. If I had not bought the computer, I wouldn’t have been able to hand
in my tasks on time.
4. PASADO SIMPLE
(V.A.) Sujeto + Verbo en pasado (2° columna /ed)
Ej…………………………………………………………………………………………
(V.P.) Sujeto + was/were + verbo en participio (3° columna / ed)
Ej…………………………………………………………………………………………
5. PASADO CONTINUO was (I, he, she, it) were (you, they, we)
(V.A.) Sujeto + was/were + Verbo con ING
Ej…………………………………………………………………………………………
(V.P.) Sujeto + was/were + BEING + verbo en participio (3° columna / ed)
Ej…………………………………………………………………………………………
6. PASADO PERFECTO
(V.A.) Sujeto + had + Verbo en participio
Ej…………………………………………………………………………………………
(V.P.) Sujeto + had + been + verbo en participio (3° columna / ed)
Ej…………………………………………………………………………………………
7. FUTURO SIMPLE
(V.A.) Sujeto + will + Verbo en infinitivo
Ej…………………………………………………………………………………………
(V.P.) Sujeto + will be + verbo en participio (3° columna / ed)
Ej…………………………………………………………………………………………
BIBLIOGRAFÍA









