Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
RIVARA CASTRO
Definición y clasificación
Enfermedad de Alzheimer
Demencia por cuerpos de Lewy
Demencias por degeneración lobar fronto temporal
◦ Degenc lobar fronto temporal con incl. Ubiquitina
◦ Taupatías
Enfermedad de pick
Parálisis supranuclear
Degeneración corticobasal
Demencia vascular
Hidrocefalia a presión normal
Encefalopatía post tec crónico
Demencia es el deterioro intelectual progresivo, que es lo
suficientemente severo como para interferir con funciones
sociales u ocupacionales
◼METABOLICAS ◼TEC
Ovillos neurofibrilares:
agregados de proteína tau y
neurofilamentos en los cuerpos
neuronales
Atrofia parietal
Posterior cortical atrophy. T1-weighted axial and sagittal MRI (left and centre) plus
FLAIR coronal image (right) demonstrating severe parieto-occipital atrophy.
Contrary to typical Alzheimer's disease, patients with posterior cortical atrophy have
well preserved memory and language but show a rapid and relatively selective
decline in vision and/or literacy skills.
VARIANTE
ALTERACION
CONDUCTUAL
Figure 10.
99mTc-HMPAO SPECT abnormalities in behavioural variant frontotemporal lobar
degeneration. Source images (A), and statistical parametric mapping (B) glass
brain and (C) surface rendered representations showing a predominant
pattern of bifrontal hypoperfusion.
DEMENCIA FRONTO TEMPORAL
AFASIA PROGRESIVA NO FLUENTE
ENF DE PICK MUTAC GEN TAU ATROFIA POLO FRONTAL Y TEMPOR APATIA, DESHINBICION,
CROMOS 17 GLIOSIS PERSEVERACION
CORTICAL CUERPOS DE PICK: (R3TAU) AFASIA NO FLUENTE
Hidrocefalea obstructiva
Predominantemente en personas mayores y se
caracteriza por:
Alteración de la marcha →signo inicial
Secundario
◦ TEC
◦ Hemorragia subaracnoidea
◦ Meningitis
◦ Tumor del SNC
◦ Hidrocefalia congénita compensada previamente
Neuroimágenes → TAC / RMN de encéfalo
Punción lumbar →
◦ Ex citoquímico de LCR
◦ Medida de presión
◦ Extracción de LCR
Pruebas neuropsicológicas
Hidrocefalia
A P. N.
Descartar
hidrocefalea
exvacuo
Quirúrgico: derivación ventrículo peritoneal
■ Definiendo ataxias
■ Aproximación inicial
■ Clasificación de las ataxias
■ Generalidades de ataxias hereditarias
■ Aproximación diagnóstica en Ataxias Hereditarias
■ Ataxias Hereditarias en Peru
El mundo de las “ataxias”
■ Ataxia “loss of order” , clinical syndrome referred
to “lack of motor coordination”
■ Cerebellum
• Contains more tha 50% of brain neurons
• Function: coordinate and modulates
movement,language regulation, cognitive and
affective symptoms
■ Heterogeneous group of disorders with
predominance of “cerebellar ataxia”.
■ peripheral nerve
■ Dorsal roog ganglia
■ Spinal cord
– Posterior cord syndrome: B12
Dependence of
Absence of deficiency
visual Pseudoatetosis nistagmus no
guidance:
"Romberg" disartria – Infections: sifilis
– Demyelinating disease of
posterior spinal cord
ACQUIRED
RECESSIVE/CONGENITAL ATAXIAS
DOMINANT ATAXIAS
Escalas de evaluación de las ataxias
■ Scale for the Assessment and
Rating of Ataxia (SARA): 8 items, 0-
40 points, motor only
■ International Cooperative Rating
Scale (ICARS)
Anheim M, et al.
xxx" NEJM 2012
Ataxias primarias y secundarias: signos guía
Alcohol, medication
Risk sexual behavior
Degeneración
HIV, neurosifilis
cerebelar alcohólica
Sensory ataxia
Ataxia tóxica (litio,
fenitoina, amiodarona, •Friedreich
valproato, •Def. Vitamina B12
Diarrea
metronidazol, tolueno) Whipple, vitamine E
deficiency
Autonomic dysfunction
MSA
Rapid progression Neoplasia
CJD, proteína 14.3.3 Paraneoplasic
Klockgether T., Sporadic ataxia with adult onset, Lancet Neurology 2010
Atrofia multisistémica(MSA-C)
MSA
•Prevalence: 3.4-4.9/100 000/ 100 000 inh.
•Most common form of Parkinsonism.
•Clinical features: parkinsonism plus dysautonomy
and pyramidal signs
•Onset usually after 40
•Sinucleinopathy
MSA- C
•Virtualy all patients begining with ataxia will
develop parkinsonim.
•60% of those begining with parkinsonism will
develop ataxia
•Pyramidal signs will develop 40-50% of the
patients
•Pseudobulbar affect in 36% of patients
•Autonomic symptoms may be the first
presentation of MSA-C in 54% of cases
Ataxias primarias: signos guía
Bulging eyes
slow saccades SCA3/MJD
SCA2
Seizures Muscle/skeletal
SCA10 abnormalities
Ataxias hereditarias
Acquired Hereditary
18/100.000
SCA10
Some: Repeat expansion
disorders
(ATTCT)n Others: Likely pathogenic/
SCA31
pathogenetic variants …
SCA1 (TGGAA)n
SCA2
SCA3 SCA37 SCA36
SCA6 (ATTTC)n (GGCCTG)n
SCA7
SCA17
SCA12 DRPLA SCA8
(CAG)n ATG (CAG)n (CTG)n
Stop
ü1 |AD,
Fig. Hereditary degenerative ataxias
“Heterogenous” ataxiccaused by expanded
syndromes withmicrosatellite
cerebellar& repeats.
extraAcerebellar
CAG repeat expansion
signs within
the open reading frame of the respective genes associated with the spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) 1, 2, 3, 6, 7 and 17 and
ü Global pallidoluysian
dentatorubral- prevalence:atrophy
4 (2 (DRPL
-43)/A;100
green)000 inhabitants
encodes an elongated polyglutamine (polyQ) tract in the protein
ü Mostly
product. The CAGAdult onset
repeat in SCA12 (yellow), present in PPP2R2B, is shown in the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) in this figure
but can be intronic depending on the transcription start site. In SCA8 (purple), a CTG repeat is located in the 3′ UTR of
ATXN8OS. However, the complementary CAGNature repeat onreviews, 2018
the opposite strand encodes polyQ in ATXN8. Four large intronic
Ataxias recesivas: muchos genes
involucrados…
FRDA
Early-onset AR Late-onset AR
ataxias ataxias
(<10yo) (>10yo)
Ataxia-telangiectasia (ATM) AOAs
AT like (MREE11A) … SCAR16
SCARs
Ataxia de Friedreich (FRDA)
■ Leading cause of AR ataxia
■ Onset: 15 yo (7-25)
■ Phenotype: (cerebellar + sensory),
pes cavus, areflexia+ Babinski,
Square wave jerks, scoliosis,
diabete, cardiomyopahty
■ Neuroconduction studies: sensory
neuropathy
■ Imaging: Lack of cerebellar
atrophy, spinal cord atrophy
SYNE1 SCA3/MJD
Friedreich
SCA6 SCA1
SCA2
Unknown ataxias
identifiable by EXOME
sequencing
- Iniciativa de
www.AtaxiaFoundation.org
- Trabajo conjunto entre
profesionales de salud y
pacientes y familiares.
- Aplicaciones: PARA MUCHAS
.. SINO TODAS, LAS
ENFERMEDADES RARAS.
Ataxias hereditarias en Perú
SCA10
12%
SCA2
7%
SCA3-SCA2 SCA1
Negativo ( 0%
pendiente SCA3
genotipado de 3%
otros genes) SCA7
43% 2%
SCA6
1%
FRDA
3%
Negativo
Cornejo-Olivas M. et al. Genetic Analysis of Hereditary Ataxias in Peru Identifies SCA10 Families with
Incomplete Penetrance . Cerebellum.dic 2019 29%
Diagnóstico molecular en CIBN- INCN
Hélio A.G. Teive, Spinocerebellar ataxia type 10 – A review, Parkinsonism and Related Disorders 17, 2011 / SCA10 in Peruvia population, AAN 2015
SCA-ATXN2:
■ Segunda SCA más frecuente
en el mundo
■ Cuba (1°), Brazil y México
(2°)
CANADA
University of British Columbia
Chris Kay
UNIDAD DE Michael Hayden
MOVIMIENTOS
ANORMALES
EUA
U. of Washington
Joseph Zunt
Thomas Bird
Cleveland Clinic
Ignacio F. Mata
Miguel Inca-Martinez
BRASIL James Leverenz
University of Maryland
U. Federal de Rio Grande del
Sur Timothy O’çonnor
Pilar Mazzetti Hugo Sarapura Laura B. Jardim University of Miami
Mario Cornejo Diego Veliz Maria Luiza Saraiva Margaret Pericak-Vance
Victoria Marca Jeny Bazalar Pedro Mena
Olimpio Ortega Andrea Rivera Houston Mehodist
Financiamiento:
Karina Milla Diana Cubas Tetsuo Ashizawa
Maryenela Illanes Adriana Espinoza
www.incngen.org.pe
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