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Aumento de los

Tejidos Blandos Principios y Práctica


Hassan Galadari

Traductor y corrector
Alejandro Coello
Aumento de
los tejidos blandos
Principios y práctica

Hassan Galadari
Departamento de Medicina
Colegio de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud
Al Ain
Emiratos Árabes Unidos

2020
Contenido

Parte I Introducción
1 La historia de los rellenos 3
2 Reología: el estudio de las propiedades físicas
de los materiales de relleno 9
3 Diferencias entre hombres y mujeres 15

Parte II Regla de los tercios


4 Tercio superior 21
Frente 22
Procedimiento 24
Cejas 31
Temporales 32
5 Tercio medio 39
Pómulos 44
Valle de lágrimas 55
Nariz 61

6 Tercio inferior 67
Labios 68
Mentón 79
Línea mandibular 85

Índice 89
&DStWXOR
Tercio superior

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PiVGHORVWHPSRUDOHV'DGDODUHJODGHORVWHUFLRVODGLVWDQFLDHQWUHHO
WHUFLRVXSHULRUGHEHVHULJXDODODGHOWHUFLRPHGLR\HOWHUFLRLQIHULRU
Esta área abarca de la línea de implantación del cabello hasta la raíz de
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ELRVHQODWH[WXUD\ODIRUPDFLyQGHOtQHDVTXHDSDUHFHQSHUSHQGLFXODUHV
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/DIXQFLyQSULQFLSDOGHOWHUFLRVXSHULRUHVPRVWUDUHPRFLRQHV/DLUD
ODIHOLFLGDG\HOPLHGRSXHGHQWUDQVPLWLUVHIiFLOPHQWHDOYHUVRORODIUHQ-
WHGHHVDSHUVRQDVLQODQHFHVLGDGGHYHUHOUHVWRGHODFDUD(VPX\GL-
QiPLFDGHELGRDTXHORVP~VFXORVVHRULJLQDQ\VHLQVHUWDQHQODPLVPD
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TXHVHRULJLQDQHQHVWDiUHDVHLQVHUWDQHQHVWUXFWXUDVGHOWHUFLRLQIHULRU
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El tratamiento del tercio superior es esencial cuando tratamos a una
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21
Frente

Frente
4 Tercio superior

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va produciendo con el paso del tiempo debido a la pérdida de los com-
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22
Frente

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4 Tercio superior
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ocurrir en las ramas superiores frontales cuando ambos vasos penetran
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23
Frente

Procedimiento
4 Tercio superior

Glabela:
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24
Frente

4 Tercio superior
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25
Frente

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4 Tercio superior

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26
Frente

4 Tercio superior
Líneas horizontales de frente:
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27
28
4 Tercio superior Frente
Frente

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4 Tercio superior
Frente:
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29
4 Tercio superior Frente

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30
Cejas

Cejas

4 Tercio superior
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por arriba del reborde orbitario al nivel de la línea de fusión infero-
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31
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Temporales
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conscientes de la pérdida de volumen en esta área debido al que el ca-
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32
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ULFXODUIUHQWHDOWUDJR\VHDEUHSDVRVREUHHODUFRFLJRPiWLFR\OXHJR
se desplaza hacia la fascia temporal que cruza los temporales de manera
GLDJRQDOKDVWDTXHDOFDQ]DODFUHVWDWHPSRUDOGRQGHOXHJRVHGHVSUHQ-
GHODUDPDIURQWDO\ODUDPDRUELWDO&RPRVXQRPEUHORLQGLFDODDUWH-
ULDHVPX\VXSHUÀFLDO\VHSXHGHSDOSDUSXOVRFHUFDQRHQHVWRVSXQWRV
yVHRVGHUHIHUHQFLDGHVSXpVGHFUX]DUORVWHPSRUDOHV
3DUDFRPSUHQGHUODVIXWXUDVLQ\HFFLRQHV\WUDWDPLHQWRGHORVWHP-
SRUDOHV\KDFHUORGHPDQHUDVHJXUDGHEHPRVHQWHQGHUODVGLIHUHQWHV
FDSDVGHVXVHVWUXFWXUDVDQDWyPLFDVVXE\DFHQWHV(VWRD\XGDUiDUHDOL-
]DUHODERUGDMHFRUUHFWR\HOWLSRGHUHOOHQRDGHFXDGRSDUDHOUHHPSOD-
]RGHYROXPHQ

33
Temporales

Las capas son:


4 Tercio superior

 3LHO
 *UDVD
 )DVFLDWHPSRUDO
 0~VFXORWHPSRUDO
 6XSUDSHULRVWLR HVSDFLRVXEJDOHDO
([LVWHQGRVIRUPDVHQTXHVHSXHGHUHDOL]DUHODERUGDMH/DSULPH-
UDHVXQDDSOLFDFLyQGLUHFWDXWLOL]DQGRWpFQLFDGHERORGRQGHHOUHOOHQR
VHFRORFDSRUGHEDMRGHOP~VFXORWHPSRUDO/DVHJXQGDHVODDSOLFDFLyQ
GHOUHOOHQRSRUHQFLPDGHOP~VFXORFRQWpFQLFDGHDEDQLFR$PEDVWpF-
QLFDVWLHQHQYHQWDMDV\GHVYHQWDMDV
3URFHGLPLHQWR ERORSURIXQGR 
 /DFRORFDFLyQFRUUHFWDGHOUHOOHQRHVSRUGHEDMRGHOP~VFXORWHPSRUDO
 (OUHOOHQRTXHGHEHXWLOL]DUVHHVXQYROXPLQL]DGRU'HEHWHQHUFD-
UDFWHUtVWLFDVSDUWLFXODUHVFRPRHOVHUYLVFRVR\SHVDGRSDUDSRGHU
VRSRUWDUODVIXHU]DVPHFiQLFDVSURGXFLGDVSRUHOP~VFXORWHPSRUDO
 (OPpGLFRLQ\HFWRUGHEHHYLWDUFXDOTXLHUYHQDYLVLEOH(VWRVHSXHGH
ORJUDUHVWLUDQGRODSLHOGHOiUHD8QDEXHQDLOXPLQDFLyQHVHVHQFLDO
 (OiUHDGHLQ\HFFLyQJHQHUDOPHQWHDFHSWDGDSRUFDXVDUHOPHQRUGD-
xRVHHQFXHQWUDFPODWHUDOPHQWHDOUHERUGHRUELWDULR\FP
SRUDUULED)XHUDGHHVWDiUHDLQFUHPHQWDHOULHVJRGHOHVLRQDUORV
YDVRV
 $OJXQRVPpGLFRVLQ\HFWRUHVVRVWLHQHQTXHPLHQWUDVHVWHPRVHQHO
SODQRFRUUHFWR SURIXQGRSRUGHEDMRGHOP~VFXOR\VXSUDSHULyVWL-
FR HQWRQFHVSRGHPRVLQ\HFWDUGHIRUPDVHJXUDHQHOiUHDGRQGH
H[LVWDODPD\RUGHSUHVLyQ
 (QHVWHFDVRVHXVDODDJXMD/DDJXMDGHEHVHUORVXÀFLHQWHPHQWH
ODUJDSDUDSHQHWUDUWRGDVODVFDSDV\WRFDUHOKXHVR/DPD\RUtDGH
ORVIDEULFDQWHVGHUHOOHQRVQRGDQHVWHWLSRGHDJXMDFRQHOSURGXF-
WR1RVRWURVGHEHPRVDVHJXUDUQRVGHTXHODORQJLWXGGHODDJXMDHV
ODDGHFXDGD6LODDJXMDQROOHJDDWRFDUHOKXHVRGHOFUiQHRGHELGR
DVXFRUWDORQJLWXGH[LVWHXQDOWRSRWHQFLDOGHFDXVDUGDxRDODDUWH-
ULDWHPSRUDOVXSHUÀFLDO
 'DGRTXHHVWHYDVRFUX]DORVWHPSRUDOHVGLDJRQDOPHQWHDPHGLGD
TXHDWUDYLHVDHODUFRFLJRPiWLFRHVGLItFLOSUHGHFLUGyQGHSXHGHQ
VLWXDUVHMXQWRDORVWHPSRUDOHV(VWRGLÀFXOWDHODXPHQWRFRQUHOOH-
QRV\DTXHVHSXHGHQGDxDUDOLQWURGXFLUODDJXMD

34
Temporales

 0DUTXHHOiUHDGHLQ\HFFLyQ

4 Tercio superior
 ,QWURGX]FDODDJXMDHQXQiQJXORGHž

/DDJXMDSHQHWUDUiIiFLOPHQWHODViUHDVFRQDOJXQDUHVLVWHQFLDDPH-
GLGDTXHDWUDYLHVDHOP~VFXOR
&XDQGRHOPpGLFRLQ\HFWRUVLHQWDXQDOLEHUDFLyQGHOD]RQDKDEUi
DOFDQ]DGRHOiUHDVXSUDSHULyVWLFD(VLPSRUWDQWHTXHHOPpGLFRLQ-
\HFWRUSULQFLSLDQWHWRTXHOLJHUDPHQWHHOKXHVRFRQODDJXMDOHYDQWH
XQSRFRHLQ\HFWHHOUHOOHQROHQWDPHQWH3XHGHVHUTXHORVPpGLFRV
LQ\HFWRUHVH[SHULPHQWDGRVQRWHQJDQTXHUHDOL]DUHVWHSDVR\DTXH
pueden sentir al momento de la aplicación que la resistencia de los
WHPSRUDOHVKDFHGLGR

35
Temporales

/DLQ\HFFLyQUiSLGDGHUHOOHQRSXHGHFDXVDUFHIDOHD\DTXHODH[-
4 Tercio superior

SDQVLyQHQHVWHHVSDFLRSURYRFDPROHVWLDV/DFODYHSDUDREWHQHUUH-
VXOWDGRVVDWLVIDFWRULRVHVODLQ\HFFLyQOHQWD
$OUHWLUDUODDJXMDHOPpGLFRLQ\HFWRUGHEHKDFHUORGHPDQHUDOHQWD
(OPDVDMHSRVWHULRUQRHVQHFHVDULR\DTXHHOP~VFXORORKDUiGXUDQ-
WHODVDFWLYLGDGHVQRUPDOHVFRPRODPDVWLFDFLyQ\HOKDEOD
9HQWDMDVGHHVWHSURFHGLPLHQWR
 ,Q\HFFLyQVHJXUDHQHOSODQRFRUUHFWR
 (OUHOOHQRHQORVFRPSDUWLPHQWRVSURIXQGRVSHUPLWHXQUHVXOWDGR
QDWXUDO\DTXHVHHQFXHQWUDFXELHUWRSRUHOSURSLRWHMLGREODQGRGHO
FXHUSR
Desventajas de este procedimiento:
 6HUiQHFHVDULRLQ\HFWDUXQDJUDQFDQWLGDGGHUHOOHQRSDUDORJUDUXQ
EXHQUHVXOWDGR\DTXHHOWHPSRUDOSUiFWLFDPHQWHWLHQHIRUPDGHWD-
]D\HOUHOOHQRVHGLVSHUVDUiGHVGHHOiUHDGHLQ\HFFLyQKDFLDDEDMR
SDUDFXEULUOD]RQD
 (OSDFLHQWHSXHGHSHUFLELUGRORUFXDQGRODDJXMDWRFDHOKXHVR
 (OSDFLHQWHSXHGHSUHVHQWDUFHIDOHD
3URFHGLPLHQWR WpFQLFDVXSHUÀFLDOHQDEDQLFR 
 (OUHOOHQRLQWUDGpUPLFRVHFRORFDVXSHUÀFLDOPHQWHHQHOWHPSRUDO
 /DLQ\HFFLyQSXHGHVHUGHVGHHOERUGHVXSHULRURGHOERUGHLQIHULRU
GHORVWHPSRUDOHV/DSULPHUDHVHODERUGDMHPiVJHQHUDO\DTXHHV
PiVVHQFLOORLQ\HFWDUGHVGHODFUHVWDWHPSRUDOHQOXJDUGHODUFRFL-
JRPiWLFR\DTXHHOWHMLGREODQGRHQHVWDiUHDHVPXFKRPiVDFFHVL-
EOH\FRQPHQRVUHVLVWHQFLD
 (OUHOOHQRLQWUDGpUPLFRDLQ\HFWDUGHEHVHUVXDYH8QUHOOHQRYROX-
PLQRVRFDXVDUiSURWXEHUDQFLDV\DTXHHOPRYLPLHQWRGHOP~VFXOR
temporal puede hacer que este tipo de relleno sea más evidente en
ORVWHMLGRVEODQGRV
 /DVFiQXODVSUHIHULEOHPHQWH*GHEHQXVDUVHHQHOSURFHGLPLHQ-
WR/DVDJXMDVGHEHQHYLWDUVH\DTXHHQHVWHSODQRSXHGHQGDxDUOD
DUWHULDWHPSRUDOVXSHULRU\DTXHHVWDHVOD]RQDDQDWyPLFDSRUGRQ-
GHSDVDODDUWHULD
 6HGHEHUHDOL]DUPDVDMHGHVSXpVGHODLQ\HFFLyQ

36
Temporales

9HQWDMDVGHHVWHSURFHGLPLHQWR

4 Tercio superior
 6HLQ\HFWDPHQRVFDQWLGDGGHUHOOHQR
 5HVXOWDGRLQPHGLDWRPXFKRPiVDUPyQLFR
 1RKD\FHIDOHD
Desventajas de este procedimiento:
 /DFXUYDGHDSUHQGL]DMHHVQHFHVDULD\DTXHODVFiQXODVQRVHXVDQ
GHPDQHUDXQLYHUVDO
 8QUHOOHQRLQFRUUHFWRSXHGHSURYRFDUSURWXEHUDQFLDV

37
Otros �tulos de su interés

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