Bxpbrnabgtk mbd Ubdko mb ^kmk.

NGHKUAB MB
DJEKUJ]KUNK

Ubsuabg
Uueîg Mjrák Jrnjs,
Dbnggbr Oksî Akttj, Vjdjerjs ldjvb? Lngîtnlj quáanlj, rbdko mb ^kmk, vbdklnmjm mb rbjllnüg,
\brcnk Gnlkdjs krmbg mb rbjllnüg, kxnmjlnüg.
Xjdbgl
Xjdbglnj
nj & Hbr
Hbrgby
gby Jestrjlt
Ukabrk Ljpbrj.
@bywkr
@byw ms?? Lib
krms Libanl
anljd
jd `ng
`ngbtnl
btnls,
s, nkmn
nkmngb
gb ldk
ldkl`,
l`, rbj
rbjltn
ltnkg
kg rjt
rjtb,
b, rbj
rbjltn
ltnkg
kg
Bstumnjgtbs mb dj hjludtjm krmbr, kxnmjtnkg.
mb lnbglnjs eêsnljs,
prkcrjaj mb quáanlj mb dj
Rgnvbrsnmjm mb dj
Jajzkgnj.

Jutkr pjrj lkrrbspkgmbglnj?

dbng.akttjFumdj.bmu.lk
Bgtrbcj? 6> mb Oudnk mb 5656

Ngtrkmullnüg Blujlnüg :. Bxprbsnüg mb dj Dby mb rjpnmbz mb

ugj rbjllnüg. (Abgîz, 56:9)
Dj rjpnmbz mb ugj rbjllnüg ngmnlj dj ljgtnmjm mb
akdbs qub sb bglubgtrjg bg djs bspblnbs quáanljs Dj rbjllnüg mbd rbdko mb ykmk sb lkgklb mbenmk jd
mb dks rbjltnvks y prkmultks0 tjaenîg bs ugj mb ljaenk mb lkdkr ngtbgsk qub sb mj lkak rkonzk
kslurk0 y pkr dk qub bs utndnzjmj pjrj mbtbrangjr
djss rjaj
dj rjajss prng
prngln
lnpj
pjdb
dbss qub
qub mbhn
mbhngb
gb dj lngî
lngîtnl
tnljj
dj vbdklnmjm mb rbjllnkgbs qub sb mbsjrrkddjg bg
quáanlj0 dj lujd sb lkgklb lkak dj pjrtb mb dj
quáanlj qub bstumnj bstj rjpnmbz lkg dj qub sb su prklbmnanbgtk (Hncurj :).
bhbl
bhbltÿtÿjg
jg djdjss rb
rbjl
jlln
lnkg
kgbs
bs qu
quáa
áanl
nljs
js ijln
ijlnbg
bgmk
mk
îghjsns bg bd ljaenk mb dj lkglbgtrjlnüg mb djs (-mPErK<-Q/mt) 1@½PErK<-QxPN-QyPI+Q_
su
suststjg
jgln
lnjs
js nap
napdn
dnlj
ljmj
mjss bg dj rbjl
rbjlln
lnüg
üg (O
(Okg
kgbs,
bs,
Blujlnüg 5. Dby mb vbdkl
Blujlnüg vbdklnmjm
nmjm prkpubs
prkpubstj
tj pjrj bd
5668).
nüg erkajtk. 
Mb ajajgbr
gbrjj bxp
bxpbr
brna
nabg
bgtj
tjdd dj rjpn
rjpnmbz
mbz mb ugjugj
rbjllnüg jd rbdjlnkgjrsb lkg djs lkglbgtrjlnkgbs Dj dby mb vbdklnmjm bhbltujmj sb mbtbrangj bg
ejsb
ejsb j djs
djs lkgl
lkglbg
bgtr
trjl
jlnk
nkgb
gbss mb djs
djs bspb
bspbln
lnbs
bs
mb djdjss bs
bspb
pbln
lnbs
bs ngvk
ngvkdu
dulr
lrjm
jmjs
js bg hjlt
hjltkr
kr mb
rbjltjgtbs pkr bd aîtkmk mb vbdklnmjmbs ngnlnjdbs
akdj
ak djrn
rnmj
mjm0
m0 tjtjae
aenînîgg sb ajajgb
gboj
oj ug jspb
jspblt
ltkk
lkgstjgtb, qub sb mbgktj lkak @, qub sb mbhngb mbenmk j qu qubb bst
bstb bs ugk mb dks bhblt bltks
lkak dj lkgstjgtb mb rjpnmbz mb dj rbjllnüg, prnak
rnakrm
rmnj
njdb
dbss bg dj lka kapr
prbg
bgsn
snüg
üg mb bstbbstb
mbpbgmb
mbpbg mb napdál
napdálntjabgt
ntjabgtbb mb dj tbapb
tbapbrjturj
rjturj bg bd bxpbrnabgtk pkr dk qub rbmnrbllnkgj bd keobtnvk
abmnk mb rbjllnüg y sb ddbcj j bvnmbglnjr bg dj mb bstj prêltnlj0 bd lujd rjmnlj bg dj
Blujlnüg :, jsá? mbtb
mbtbra
rang
ngjl
jlnü
nügg lngî
lngîtn
tnlj
lj mb dks dks ürmb
ürmbgb
gbss mb
rbjllnüg pjrj dj dby mb vbdklnmjm prkpubstj bg dj
a g
blujlnüg 5, qub napdnlj dj lkglbgtrjlnüg mb nkg
X 1 @ ∓P J Q ∓P E Q erkajtk.

:
 

U /A : 5 < = 2 8

@ErK< :6 :2 56 52 <6 <2

I5\K= <6 52 56 :2 :6 2
@N :6 :6 :6 :6 :6 :6
Jcuj 6 6 6 6 6 6
]jedj 5. Mbtbrangjlnüg mbd krmbg mb rbjllnüg bg
erkajtk. UA? Ubjltnvk Abzldj. Bg aD

Hncurj :. Ubjllnüg mb tnpk —Ubdko‑, aîtkmk pjrj

Hncurj U /A : 5 < = 2 8
mbtbrangjr pugtk hngjd mbd tnbapk mb rbdko. 
@ErK< :6 :6 :6 :6 :6 :6
Abtkmkdkcáj I5\K= 2 :6 :2 56 52 <6
Ngn
Ngnlnj
lnjdabg
dabgtbtb sb prb
prbpjr
pjrjrk
jrkgg djs skdu
skdulnkg
lnkgbs
bs mb @N :6 :6 :6 :6 :6 :6
Jlnmk
Jlnmk sud
sudhÿr
hÿrnlk
nlk (I5\K=), Erka
Erkajtjtkk Mb Vktj
Vktjsnk
snk
(@ErK<) bg êl êlnm
nmkk sudh
sudhÿ
ÿrnl
rnlk, dj skdu
skdullnü
nügg mb Jcuj 52 56 :2 :6 2 6
^kmurk mb Vktjsnk (]jedj :.:), rbjltnvks (]jedj
:). Vkstbrnkr j bddk sb jpdnlü bd bstumnk lngîtnlk0 ]jedj <. Mbtbrangjlnüg mbd krmbg mb rbjllnüg bg
qub lkgsnstnü bg ijlbr djs abzldjs, y sb tkak bd êlnmk. UA? Ubjltnvk Abzldj. Bg aD
tnbapk mbsmb qub sb jmnlnkgk dj antjm mb @N0 dj
lujd sb inzk mb hkraj lkgsnmbrjedbabgtb rêpnmj,
bd prklbsk pjrj dj mbtbrangjlnüg mbd krmbg mb U /A : 5 < = 2 8
rbjllnüg mb erkajtk (]jedj 5), dubck sb rbjdnzk
pjrj bd jlnmk (]jedj <) y pkr ÿdtnak pjrj bd krmbg @ErK< :6 :6 :6 :6 :6 :6
mb rbjllnüg mbd ykmurk (]jedj =). Jd hngjdnzjr mb
dj prj
prjltn
ltnlj
lj sb rbl
rblkcnb
kcnbrkg
rkg dks rbs
rbsnmu
nmuks
ks bg ugj I5\K= <8 <5 59 5= 56 :8
skdulnüg mb Inmrüxnmk mb \kmnk.
@N = 9 :5 :8 56 5=
Gÿabrk
Ubjltnvk Vurbzj Jcuj 6 6 6 6 6 6
LJ\
@ErK< 3329-6:-5 >>,>% ]jedj =. Mbtbrangjlnüg mbd krmbg mb rbjllnüg bg
I5\K= 388=-><-> 39% ykmurk. UA? Ubjltnvk Abzldj. Bg aD
@N 389:-::-6 >>,2%
GjKI :<:6-3<-5 >9%
dj :.  Ubjltnvks utndnzjmks bg bd mbsjrrkddk
]jedj
]je
prêltnlk. Ubsudtjmks y Mnslusnüg

Lkglbgtrjlnü Xkduabg Jd ijebr rbjdnzjmk bstj prêltnlj bxpbrnabgtjd sb

Ubjltnvk
g Akdjr PAQ (aD) ketuvnbrkg dks sncunbgtbs rbsudtjmks?
@ErK< 6,6: <66
I5\K= 6,3 :666 Dks
Dks tnba
tnbapk
pkss qu
qubb sb ketu
ketuvn
vnbr
brkg
kg bg dks
dks trbs
trbs
@N 6,662 526 ürmbgbs mb rbjllnüg0 bg mkgmb, sb tnbgb lkak
]jedj :.:.  Lkglbgtrjlnüg prbpjrjmj pjrj ljmj rbsudtjmk dj ]jedj 2.
ugk mb dks rbjltnvks utndnzjmks

J lkg kgtn
tngu
gujl
jlnü
nüg,
g, sb aubs
aubstr
trjg
jg dj ljgt
ljgtnm
nmjm
jm
utndn
dnzzjmj pjrj ljmj ugj mb djs abzl bzldjs
rbjdnzjmjs0

5
 

]nbapks Lkg rbspbltk j dks rbsudtjmks prbsbgtjmks bg dj

KmU ]jedj 8, sb ketuvnbrkg djs crêhnljs :, 5 y <.
KmU
KmU Êlnmk t(s) ^kmurk
Erkajtk t(s) 6.6:
t(s)
6.6:
532 398 555
    Q
6.6:
5=2 86< 525    k
   t h(x) 1 ∕ 6 x + 6.6:
6.6:
   j
:<8 =9= <:5    a 6 Uµ 1 6.98
   k
   r
:6< <>3 <5<    E 6
>2 <96 <33    g
   N 6
    ü
    P
93 595 =:3 6
]j
]jedj 2.  Mjt
edj Mjtks
ks pbr
pbrtbgb
tbgblnb
lnbgtb
gtbss j dks tnba
tnbapks
pks 6
26 :66 :26 566 526 <66
ketb
ketbgn
gnmk
mkss bg dks
dks ürmb
ürmbgb
gbss mb rbjl
rbjlln
lnüg
üg bg dj
prêltnlj. KmU? Krmbg mb rbjllnüg. ]nbapk bg sbcugmks

\b rbjdnzk bd ljdludk mb djs lkglbgtrjlnkgbs lkg Crêhnlj :. Krmbg lbrk pjrj dj lkglbgtrjlnüg mb
rbspbltk jd tnbapk bg mkgmb sb ketuvnbrkg dks nkg erkajtk.
sncunbgtbs rbsudtjmks.

]nbap 532 5=2 :<8 :6< >2 93

k (s)
6.66
PErK<-Q 6.665 6.66< 6.66= 6.668 6.663
2
DG
-8.5: -2.9: -2.25 -2.<6 -2.:5 -=.>8
PErK<-Q

:/PErK<-Q 266 <<<.< 526 566 :88.3 :=5.>

]jedj 8.  Mjtks pbrtbgblnbgtbs j djs

lkgl
lkglbg
bgtr
trjl
jlnk
nkgb
gbss mb
mbdd kr
krmb
mbgg mb rbjl
rbjlln
lnüg
üg mb
mbdd
erkajtk.

]jedj 3. 
Mjtks pbrtbgblnbgtbs j djs
lkglbgtrjlnkgbs mbd krmbg mb rbjllnüg mbd êlnmk. ]nbapk
(s) 398 86< =9= <>3 <96 595

]nbap PI5\K=Q 6.63 6.:= 6.5: 6.59 6.<2 6.=5

k (s)
555 525 <:5 <5< <33 =:3

Dg
6.66: -5.82 -:.>8 -:.28 -:.53 -:.6= -6.98
-
PN Q 6.666= 6.6669 6.66:5 6.665 6.665= PI5\K=Q
8

:/PI5\K=Q :=.5 3.:= =.38 <.23 5.92 5.<9

Dg PN-Q -3.95 -3.:< -8.3< -8.== -8.5: -8.6<

:/PN-Q 5266 :526 9<< 852 266 =:3

]jedj 9. 
Mjtks pbrtbgblnbgtbs j djs
lkgl
lkglbg
bgtr
trjl
jlnk
nkgb
gbss mb
mbdd kr
krmb
mbgg mb rbjl
rbjlln
lnüg
üg mb
mbdd
ykmurk.

Ljeb rbsjdtjr qub dks lêdludks sb rbjdnzjrkg bg

ejsb jd Jgbxk : jmougtk j bstj cuáj.

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