Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
ÓN
Carlos Céspedes R.
Residente primer año Medicina Interna
Centro Gallego de Buenos Aires
Definiciones
Antitrombótico
• Antiagregantes y Anticoagulantes
Antiagregante
• Inhibidores de la activación plaquetaria
Anticoagulante
• Inhibidores de la cascada de la coagulación
Cascada Clásica de la Coagulación
Lin R, McDonald G, Jolly T, Batten A, Chacko B. A Systematic Review of Prophylactic Anticoagulation in Nephrotic Syndrome. Kidney Int Rep
[Internet]. 2020 Apr;5(4):435–47. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ekir.2019.12.001
Nueva Cascada de la Coagulación
Lin R, McDonald G, Jolly T, Batten A, Chacko B. A Systematic Review of Prophylactic Anticoagulation in Nephrotic Syndrome. Kidney Int Rep
[Internet]. 2020 Apr;5(4):435–47. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ekir.2019.12.001
Anticoagulantes
Kearon C, Akl EA, Ornelas J, Blaivas A, Jimenez D, Bounameaux H, et al. Antithrombotic Therapy for VTE Disease: CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report. Chest
[Internet]. 2016 Feb;149(2):315–52. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2015.11.026
Indicaciones
Tromboembolia
Tromboprofilaxis Trombosis Arterial
pulmonar
Kearon C, Akl EA, Ornelas J, Blaivas A, Jimenez D, Bounameaux H, et al. Antithrombotic Therapy for VTE Disease: CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report. Chest
[Internet]. 2016 Feb;149(2):315–52. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2015.11.026
Contraindicaciones
Absolutas Relativas
Kearon C, Akl EA, Ornelas J, Blaivas A, Jimenez D, Bounameaux H, et al. Antithrombotic Therapy for VTE Disease: CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report. Chest
[Internet]. 2016 Feb;149(2):315–52. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2015.11.026
Caso 1
TEP +
Filtro de Vena TVP proximal contraindicación
Cava aguda absoluta de
coagulación
Últimas 4 sem.
Kearon C, Akl EA, Ornelas J, Blaivas A, Jimenez D, Bounameaux H, et al. Antithrombotic Therapy for VTE Disease: CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report. Chest
[Internet]. 2016 Feb;149(2):315–52. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2015.11.026
Caso 1
Fase inicial: 5-10 días.
¿Cuál sería la conducta?
3 fases
2. En caso de no tener una contraindicación Fase a largo término:
definir el tratamiento anticoagulante.
periodo de 3 - 6 meses.
Kearon C, Akl EA, Ornelas J, Blaivas A, Jimenez D, Bounameaux H, et al. Antithrombotic Therapy for VTE Disease: CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report. Chest
[Internet]. 2016 Feb;149(2):315–52. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2015.11.026
Caso 1
Kearon C, Akl EA, Ornelas J, Blaivas A, Jimenez D, Bounameaux H, et al. Antithrombotic Therapy for VTE Disease: CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report. Chest
[Internet]. 2016 Feb;149(2):315–52. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2015.11.026
Caso 1
Lin R, McDonald G, Jolly T, Batten A, Chacko B. A Systematic Review of Prophylactic Anticoagulation in Nephrotic Syndrome. Kidney Int Rep
[Internet]. 2020 Apr;5(4):435–47. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ekir.2019.12.001
Anticoagulación Inicial
Lin R, McDonald G, Jolly T, Batten A, Chacko B. A Systematic Review of Prophylactic Anticoagulation in Nephrotic Syndrome. Kidney Int Rep
[Internet]. 2020 Apr;5(4):435–47. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ekir.2019.12.001
Anticoagulación Definitiva
Apixabán • 10mg cada 12 horas por 7 días seguir 5mg cada 12 horas
Lin R, McDonald G, Jolly T, Batten A, Chacko B. A Systematic Review of Prophylactic Anticoagulation in Nephrotic Syndrome. Kidney Int Rep
[Internet]. 2020 Apr;5(4):435–47. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ekir.2019.12.001
Anticoagulación Definitiva
Warfarina HBPM
• Deseo del paciente • Embarazo
• TFG < 30 • Cáncer?
• Mala adherencia • Hepatopatía
• SAF
Lin R, McDonald G, Jolly T, Batten A, Chacko B. A Systematic Review of Prophylactic Anticoagulation in Nephrotic Syndrome. Kidney Int Rep
[Internet]. 2020 Apr;5(4):435–47. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ekir.2019.12.001
Duración
Lin R, McDonald G, Jolly T, Batten A, Chacko B. A Systematic Review of Prophylactic Anticoagulation in Nephrotic Syndrome. Kidney Int Rep
[Internet]. 2020 Apr;5(4):435–47. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ekir.2019.12.001
Caso 2
EKG 12
Funcionalidad
Diagnóstico de derivaciones
FA Estado de
Paciente elegible
fragilidad
Perfil riesgo -
Escala de FRAIL
beneficio
Kearon C, Akl EA, Ornelas J, Blaivas A, Jimenez D, Bounameaux H, et al. Antithrombotic Therapy for VTE Disease: CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report. Chest
[Internet]. 2016 Feb;149(2):315–52. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2015.11.026
Caso 2
Kearon C, Akl EA, Ornelas J, Blaivas A, Jimenez D, Bounameaux H, et al. Antithrombotic Therapy for VTE Disease: CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report. Chest
[Internet]. 2016 Feb;149(2):315–52. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2015.11.026
Caso 2
CHA2DS2VASc=
1 en hombres
CHA2DS2VASc=
2 en mujeres
Kearon C, Akl EA, Ornelas J, Blaivas A, Jimenez D, Bounameaux H, et al. Antithrombotic Therapy for VTE Disease: CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report. Chest
[Internet]. 2016 Feb;149(2):315–52. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2015.11.026
Caso 2
¿ Se debe anticoagular?
Es un paciente frágil con una expectativa de vida corta
por lo cual se decide (riesgo-beneficio) no anticoagular a
pesar de tener alto riesgo embólico por escalas de riesgo.
Fibrilación Auricular
■ Indicaciones
– Fibrilación auricular valvular
– CHA2DS2 VASC con > 2 FR (Sin incluir sexo)
– Individualizar en CHA2DS2 VASc > 1 FR
Hindricks G, Potpara T, Dagres N, Arbelo E, Bax JJ, BlomströmLundqvist C, et al. 2020 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in
collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS): The Task Force for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation of the European
Society of Cardiology (ESC) Developed with the special contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) of the ESC. Eur Heart J [Internet]. 2021 Feb
1;42(5):373–498. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa612
Fibrilación Auricular
DOACS Warfarina
• Primera línea en todos los • Mala adherencia
pacientes • Válvula mecánica
• TFG < 30
Hindricks G, Potpara T, Dagres N, Arbelo E, Bax JJ, BlomströmLundqvist C, et al. 2020 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in
collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS): The Task Force for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation of the European
Society of Cardiology (ESC) Developed with the special contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) of the ESC. Eur Heart J [Internet]. 2021 Feb
1;42(5):373–498. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa612
Fibrilación Auricular
Hindricks G, Potpara T, Dagres N, Arbelo E, Bax JJ, BlomströmLundqvist C, et al. 2020 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in
collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS): The Task Force for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation of the European
Society of Cardiology (ESC) Developed with the special contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) of the ESC. Eur Heart J [Internet]. 2021 Feb
1;42(5):373–498. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa612
Hindricks G, Potpara T, Dagres N, Arbelo E, Bax JJ, BlomströmLundqvist C, et al. 2020 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in
collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS): The Task Force for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation of the European
Society of Cardiology (ESC) Developed with the special contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) of the ESC. Eur Heart J [Internet]. 2021 Feb
1;42(5):373–498. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa612
Notas Adicionales
Hindricks G, Potpara T, Dagres N, Arbelo E, Bax JJ, BlomströmLundqvist C, et al. 2020 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in
collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS): The Task Force for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation of the European
Society of Cardiology (ESC) Developed with the special contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) of the ESC. Eur Heart J [Internet]. 2021 Feb
1;42(5):373–498. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa612
Notas Adicionales
Hindricks G, Potpara T, Dagres N, Arbelo E, Bax JJ, BlomströmLundqvist C, et al. 2020 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in
collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS): The Task Force for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation of the European
Society of Cardiology (ESC) Developed with the special contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) of the ESC. Eur Heart J [Internet]. 2021 Feb
1;42(5):373–498. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa612
Caso 3
Indispensable Determinar
inicio de tiempo de
anticoagulación continuidad
Determinar Determinar
riesgo de riesgo de
sangrado recurrencia
Kearon C, Akl EA, Ornelas J, Blaivas A, Jimenez D, Bounameaux H, et al. Antithrombotic Therapy for VTE Disease: CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report. Chest
[Internet]. 2016 Feb;149(2):315–52. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2015.11.026
Caso 3
Kearon C, Akl EA, Ornelas J, Blaivas A, Jimenez D, Bounameaux H, et al. Antithrombotic Therapy for VTE Disease: CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report. Chest
[Internet]. 2016 Feb;149(2):315–52. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2015.11.026
Caso 3
Kearon C, Akl EA, Ornelas J, Blaivas A, Jimenez D, Bounameaux H, et al. Antithrombotic Therapy for VTE Disease: CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report. Chest
[Internet]. 2016 Feb;149(2):315–52. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2015.11.026
Caso 3
Es por esto, que, con respecto al caso clínico anterior, la conducta a seguir es la siguiente:
Inicio de anticoagulación
• Anticoagulantes directos
Kearon C, Akl EA, Ornelas J, Blaivas A, Jimenez D, Bounameaux H, et al. Antithrombotic Therapy for VTE Disease: CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report. Chest
[Internet]. 2016 Feb;149(2):315–52. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2015.11.026
Caso 4
Doble de riesgo de
presentar sangrados
mayores
D’Ambrosio L, Aglietta M, Grignani G. Preventing Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Cancer. N Engl J Med [Internet]. 2019 May 30;380(22):2180–
1. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc1904003
Caso 4
Páncreas,
Muy alto
cerebro, gástrico
Tracto GU,
Riesgo
Tipo de tumor ginecológicos, Alto
tromboembólico
linfomas
Menos
Cutñaneos
importante
D’Ambrosio L, Aglietta M, Grignani G. Preventing Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Cancer. N Engl J Med [Internet]. 2019 May 30;380(22):2180–
1. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc1904003
Caso 4
Profilaxis antitrombótica
D’Ambrosio L, Aglietta M, Grignani G. Preventing Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Cancer. N Engl J Med [Internet]. 2019 May 30;380(22):2180–
1. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc1904003
Caso 4
Tromboprofilaxis Ambulatoria
• Khorana > 3.
• Khorana > 2 con deseo del paciente.
• Enoxaparina, Apixabán o Rivaroxabán.
• Dosis profilácticas al menos por 6 meses o durante el tiempo que
dure la terapia.
D’Ambrosio L, Aglietta M, Grignani G. Preventing Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Cancer. N Engl J Med [Internet]. 2019 May 30;380(22):2180–
1. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc1904003
Caso 5
Prevenir extensión
del coágulo y
Reducir injuria embolismo
causada por • No bien comprobado
en estudios clínicos
Iniciar isquemia
anticoagulación
Sospecha de • Dosis terapéuticas de
heparinas
diagnóstico • Grado de
recomendación IC
Björck M, Earnshaw JJ, Acosta S, Bastos Gonçalves F, Cochennec F, Debus ES, et al. Editor’s Choice - European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS) 2020 Clinical
Practice Guidelines on the Management of Acute Limb Ischaemia. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg [Internet]. 2020 Feb;59(2):173–218. Available from:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2019.09.006
Caso 5
Björck M, Earnshaw JJ, Acosta S, Bastos Gonçalves F, Cochennec F, Debus ES, et al. Editor’s Choice - European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS) 2020 Clinical
Practice Guidelines on the Management of Acute Limb Ischaemia. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg [Internet]. 2020 Feb;59(2):173–218. Available from:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2019.09.006
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