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Visin general de la
ingeniera
bioseparaciones
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Importancia econmica de la
bioseparacin
La purificacin de productos biolgicos de su
respectivo material de partida, por ejemplo
medios de cultivo celular es tcnicamente
difcil y caro.
Con frecuencia, esto podra ser el factor
crtico que limita la comercializacin de un
producto biolgico.
En muchos casos, el precio de bioseparacin
puede ser un componente considerable del
coste total de bioprocesamiento.
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Naturaleza de bioseparacin
Bioseparation se basa principalmente en los
procesos de separacin qumica.
Un exceso de tcnicas de separacin bien
establecidos se utiliza en la industria qumica.
Un nmero de estas tcnicas se han
encontrado ser adecuado para llevar a cabo
separaciones biolgicas.
Algunas sustancia de origen biolgico tales
como antibiticos y otros compuestos de bajo
peso molecular, tales como vitaminas y
aminocidos se purific utilizando tcnicas
directas de separacin tales como la
extraccin lquido-lquido, adsorcin de lecho
compacto, evaporacin y secado sin necesidad
de modificaciones que sea necesario.
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2 - Separacin Partcula-Partcula en
medio lquido
The fractionation of sub-cellular
organelle, the separation of plasmid
DNA from chromosomal DNA, and
the separation of mature cells from
young cells.
This type of separation can be achieved
by zonal centrifugation which involves
the introduction of the mixture at a
location within a liquid medium which is
then subjected to an artificially induced
gravitational field.
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4-Solute-solvent separation
The purpose of this being either the total or
partial removal of a solvent from a solute
product (e.g. protein concentration
enrichment), OR
The removal of dissolved impurities from a
liquid product, OR
The replacement of a solvent from a solution
by another (i.e. solvent exchange).
A range of options are available for solutesolvent separation the easiest of these being
evaporation and distillation.
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6- Liquid-liquid separation
Liquid-liquid separation is required in the
manufacture of solvents such as acetone
and ethanol which typically have to be
separated from an aqueous medium.
If the solvent is immiscible with water,
phase separation followed by
decantation may be sufficient.
However, if the solvent is miscible with
water (as in the case of ethanol), other
separation methods have to be utilized.
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Bioseparation techniques
Table 1.4 categorizes bioseparation
techniques into two broad groups.
As previously mentioned, a
bioseparation process must combine
high selectivity (or resolution) with
high throughput (or productivity).
Hence bioseparation processes tend
to be based on multiple techniques
arranged such that both highresolution and high-throughput can
be obtained in an overall sense.
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Example of bioseparation
A scheme for the bioseparation of reagent
grade monoclonal antibody from cell
culture supernatant is shown in Fig. 1.2.
Murine or mouse monoclonal antibodies
are produced by culturing hybridoma cells
in different types of bioreactors.
In recent years it has been possible to
synthesize humanized and chimaric
monoclonal antibodies by culturing
recombinant Chinese Hamster Ovarian
(CHO) cells.
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