Materia: “Inglés”

Unidad Didáctica 2
Applying for a job

Introducción de la Unidad Didáctica 2

Esta es la segunda de las tres unidades que forman este material. En esta unidad vas a aprender
a usar el idioma inglés funcionalmente en diferentes contextos lingüísticos. Vas a relacionar una
vez más forma y función, es decir, vas a ver con qué propósito usamos las nuevas estructuras
gramaticales.

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Materia: “Inglés”
Unidad Didáctica 2
Applying for a job

Objetivos

 Expresar miedo y ansiedad.

 Solicitar empleo.
 Describir problemas y sentimientos.
 Referirse a situaciones pasadas.
 Cambiar el foco de atención.
 Usar léxico en contexto.
 Expresarse con cierto grado de fluidez y precisión atendiendo a los aspectos
comunicativo, gramatical, y uso de la lengua en general.

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Applying for a job

Organizador de Contenidos

INGLÉS

FUNCIONES
Apply for a job.
Refer to fear and other feelings.
Describe problems and give
advice.
Speak about the past.
Focus on events.

En función En forma de
de

EJE TEMÁTICO

GRAMÁTICA
HABILIDADES
Past forms (Simple Past, Past
Comprensión escrita y oral. Continuous, Past Perfect, Past
Producción escrita y oral. Passive).
The Passive (Past, present,
future).

Expresadas en

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Applying for a job

Contenidos

READING: A LETTER OF APPLICATION

Read the text and do the activities below:

786 Macawa St. 1

Turdera, Lomas de Zamora
Feb 23rd, 2013 2
Mr Redtrix
Personnel Manager, IVG Company 3
442 Levingfox Ave., CABA 4
Ref.: Bookseller position

Dear Mr Redtrix , 5

I am writing to apply for the position of bookseller which I saw 6

advertised in a newspaper.

I think I have all the necessary skills and qualifications for this
post, as I have been working in a bookshop for three years. I am
currently preparing for the Cambridge First Certificate in English
Examination and I am able to carry out most day-to-day tasks in
English.

In addition, I am hard-working, responsible and easy-going. I am

computer literate and I enjoy reading books. I would like the
opportunity to work for an International Bookshop because this
job would offer me more experience in this professional field and
would be a great opportunity for me to improve my speaking and
conversational skills.

I would be happy to attend an interview at a time convenient to

you. Please, do not hesitate to contact me if you require any
further information.
I look forward to hearing from you.
7
Yours sincerely, 8

Mariela Cordova 10

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Unidad Didáctica 2
Applying for a job

GENERAL COMPREHENSION

Activity 1: Write the names of the different parts of the letter:

Date
My address
Ending
Subject
Signature
Destination name and address
Full name
Salutation
Complimentary close
Body

Activity 2: Write true (T) or false (F):

1. (_) Mariela lives in Buenos Aires.

2. (_) She wants to live in the city of Buenos Aires.
3. (_) She wants to change her activity.
4. (_) She is studying English.
5. (_) She never reads the newspaper.
6. (_) She likes talking.

DETAILED COMPREHENSION

Activity 3: Find highlighted in the text the words defined below:

1. Go to/Take:
2. Human Resources:
3. At present:
4. Additional:
5. Because:
6. Ask for:
7. Abilities:

WRITING: A LETTER OF APPLICATION

U2 A1 “A letter of application”. Listen to your teacher.

Writing is easy, if we follow certain steps. Re-read the model letter above. Look at the different
parts of the letter. Here are some other phrases to use:

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Materia: “Inglés”
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Applying for a job

Closing:
Yours sincerely,
Yours faithfully,
Yours truly,

See a video about how to write a cover letter at:

http://video.about.com/esl/Learn-ESL--How-to-Write-a-Cover-Letter.htm

Activity 4: Read and complete the letter below:

87 Carlston St
Redbridge
Hilton (8898)
February 12th, 2013

Mrs Carla Gómez

675 Forfox St
Kenston egt 43Y

__________ Gómez,

I _________ like to apply for the __________ of personal assistant advertised

in today´s Clarín.
As you can see from my CV, I __________ two years´experience as a secretary.
One of them has been in a TV studio and I am __________ in continuing
working in this kind of company.
I enclose my curriculum vitae and will be __________ for interview any day
after February 28th and will be able to take up a new position from March 1st.
I look __________ to your reply.

__________ sincerely,

Sasha Supton

Enc: 1

Activity 5: Read this advertisement and write an answer :

Misiones, Argentina

Nature Guide required to lead forest walks for tourists and to accompany
them during their stay at a forest lodge. Working hours may be any time
between 4 a.m. and 8 p.m. as the tour programme requires. Applicants
should be fit, highly-motivated and have an interest in the natural world. A
sound knowledge of English is essential. Please, contact the address below:
Valcata Jungle Lodge, PO Box 556, Misiones, Argentina.

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Applying for a job

You may watch a video about how to write a cover letter at:
http://video.about.com/esl/Learn-ESL--How-to-Write-a-Cover-Letter.htm

VOCABULARY: APPLYING FOR A JOB

Here is some vocabulary on jobs. Check the meaning of the words in a dictionary:

Aplication form
Apply for a job
Situations vacant - vacancies
Candidate interview
Interviewee
Short list
Recruitment
advertising agency
Advertising jobs

interviewer
interviewee
CV
Hire – take on – employ
Make redundant (formal) - dismiss – fire – give the sack
(informal)
Lose ajob - leave a job – resign – quit

Application letter:
Working experience
Don´t hesitate to contact me
Further information
Personal details
References
curriculum vitae (CV)
Available for interview
Requirements
Qualifications
Contact
e-mail address
tel. Number
job title
duties
responsibilities
days of work
achievement
skills

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Applying for a job

strengths – weaknesses

Employer
Employee
Boss - chief
punctual
be unemployed
a full-time job - a part-time job
flexibility
get a rise
work in shifts
work overtime
a wage cut
wages – salary - fees

You may read more about this topic at:

http://www.learnenglish.de/vocabulary/jobs.htm
http://www.flo-joe.co.uk/preliminaryenglish/vocabulary/applying-for-a-job.htm
http://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exercise-english-2/exercise-english-68115.php
http://www.learn-english-today.com/business-english/employment-vocabulary.html

Activity 6: Answer:

1. What do you fill in when you aply for a job?

2. Who interviews you?
3. After all the candidates have been interviewed, the select the best ones,
what do we call the list of candidates?
4. What do we call the people who do not have a job?
5. Give a synonym to “hire” a person:
6. Give a synonym to “fire” a person:
7. What do we call the vacant positions?
8. What does a lawyer get as payment?
9. What does a teacher at school get as payment?
10. What does a factory worker get as payment?

Activity 7: Complete:

1. I´m tired because I´ve been working _________ .

2. Alfonso works one week in the morning and the next week in the
afternoon, he works in __________ .
3. The things that I have to do at work are my __________ .
4. If I can go to an interview I am __________ .
5. If they make __________ they fire me.
6. All the people who apply for a job a re __________ .
7. If you do not want to continue working you may __________ .

LISTENING: EXAM FEAR

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Before an exam, some people feel afraid, nervous, excited, uncomfortable. Others feel
confident and relaxed. How do YOU feel before an exam?

U2 A2 “Exam Fear”. Listen to the teenagers and do the activity below:

Activity 8: Listen and complete the chart:

Teenager Is worried about …

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READING: AN INCREDIBLE STORY

Read the text and do the activities below:

In the early hours of New Year´s day, Mr Banks noticed

that his wife –who suffers from epilepsy- did not seem well.
When his wife became unconscious he called the doctor.
After examining Mrs Banks the doctor told Mr Banks that his
wife was dead.
Mrs Banks, a 61-year-old farmer´s wife from
Cambridgeshire, was immediately taken to the mortuary at
the nearby hospital. That night, the undertaker who was
working in the mortuary was busy in the room where Mrs
Banks lay. Suddenly he heard some strange sounds. When
he turned round he saw Mrs Banks moving. Shocked, the undertaker ran to get help from
the medical staff at the hospital.
Doctors from the main hospital rushed to the mortuary. They soon discovered that 9
Mrs Banks had certainly been unconscious for several hours but was by no means dead.
She was instantly taken to hospital for further examination and treatment.
At 6.00 a.m. on NewYyear´s day the local police informed the banks that Mrs Banks
Materia: “Inglés”
Unidad Didáctica 2
Applying for a job

GENERAL COMPREHENSION

Activity 9: Write the names of the different parts of the letter:

1. (__) This terrible case happened on a 1st of January.

2. (__) Mrs Banks was still in the hospital when she started to move.
3. (__) The doctors told Mr Banks that his wife wasn´t dead.
4. (__) Mrs Banks cannot talk with her family.
5. (__) Mr and Mrs Banks got married forty years ago.

GRAMMAR: PAST FORMS

U2 A3 “Past Forms”. Listen to your teacher.

Simple
Past?

Past
Perfect?
Past
Continuou
s?

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a- The Simple Past Tense refers to a past action.

Examples: We finished our work at 5.00 last Monday.

I lived in New York for 10 years.
He married a woman who lived in the same village

We usually use a past time expression (like last Monday, Two days ago, In 2007, etc.)

b- The Past Perfect Tense refers to a past action before another past action.

Example: We had finished our work when our boss called us.

Both actions are past. First, we finished the work. Then, our boss called us.

Example: John had never been to London before we went there last year.

c- The Past Progressive Tense indicates duration. If we want to make it clear that the activity
had certain duration in the past, we use this tense.

Example: What were you doing at 9:00 yesterday? I was cooking dinner.

Both actions are past. We show that the action was taking place (sucediendo) at that specific
time, it was “in progress” at 9:00.

Activity 10: Complete the sentences with the verbs in the Simple Past or Past
Continuous:

1. We ____________________ (go) down the street at 120 km when the wheel

____________________ (fall) off.
2. He nearly ____________________ (have) a heart attack when he
____________________ (see) the accident.
3. Uncle Paul ____________________ (get) dressed when he
____________________ (feel) a sharp pain in his leg.
4. The captain ____________________ (shake) the bottle, then
____________________ (take) the cork out.
5. She ____________________ (fill) in a form when the pen
____________________ (run) out of ink.
6. They ____________________ (watch) TV when the lights
____________________ (go) off.
7. Mike ____________________ (not see) his friend because he
____________________ (look) the other way.

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a-
c- Past Simple
Continuou
s?

SIMPLE PAST
TENSE
PAST
CONTINUOUS/PROGRESSIVE
TENSE ➢ Sequence of events

➢ Progress Eg Paul phoned and came home

immediately.
Eg I was eating a snack when
➢ Definite time
Peter arrived.

Eg When I came into the room, all Eg I saw that film last weekend.
my mates were checking the
homework. PAST PERFECT
TENSE

➢ Event before another past event

Eg My hair was wet. I had just had a

shower.

PAST PERFECT
b- Past CONT./PROGRES. TENSE
Perfect?
➢ Event before another past
event, emphasis on duration

Eg I had been drying my hair for

an hour and then it rained!

You may read more about this topic at:

http://www.englishtenses.com/exercise/past_simple_exercise1
Activity 11: Read the sentences and complete it with the verbs in the correct form:

1. They ________________ (be) amazed. They ________________ (hear,

never) of that film.
2. I ________________ (never, eat) such a huge pizza before I
________________ (go) to Italy.
3. By the time his house ________________ (be) repaired, he
________________ (talk) to many masons.
4. After I ________________ (do) the washing-up, I ________________
(watch) my favorite TV program.
5. The concert ________________ (already, begin) when we
________________ (get) there.

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Applying for a job

READING: AN ARTICLE

Read the text and do the activities below:

We are not alone

The idea that aliens might have visited the Earth many
years ago first became popular when Chariots of the Gods?
was published in English. The author, Erich von Daniken,
claims spaceships were observed in Mesopotamia
thousands of years ago and the aliens revealed the secrets of metal making, agriculture
and written language to man. In support of his theories, von Daniken points out that the
mythologies of almost every culture include tales of winged animals and flying machines
and how some ancient drawings look similar to modern astronauts. He also argues that
many ancient achievements and mysteries, from the building of the pyramids in Egypt, to
the detailed maps of ancient sailors, were only possible with the help of these ancient
space travellers.
Von Daniken´s theories have been attacked by many scholars. For example, they argue that
techniques used in the construction of the pyramids are now well-known. His
interpretation of early drawings has also been attacked. Would ancient space travellers
really have looked like modern astronauts? However, lots of people have similar beliefs to
von Daniken. After all, with so many unknown galaxies and stars, it is reasonable to
assume that we are not alone, isn´t it?
Source: Nolasco, R. (2000), New Streetwise Upper Intermediate Student´s Book, Oxford.

GENERAL COMPREHENSION

Activity 12: Write true (T) or false (F):

1. (__) According to Erich von Daniken, aliens were in Argentina and taught
men how to write.
2. (__) There is evidence that aliens existed.
3. (__) Erich von Daniken says that the pyramids in Egypt could not have been
built without the help of aliens.
4. (__) Erich von Daniken’s theories have been generally accepted.

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5. (__) It is unreasonable to think thar aliens exist.

DETAILED COMPREHENSION

Activity 13: Find highlighted in the text the words defined below:

1. first:
2. people who investigate at university:
3. appear:
4. stories:
5. states (vrb):
6. ideas:

LISTENING: ALIEN EXPERIENCE

U2 A4 “Alien Experience”. Listen and do the exercise below:

Activity 14: Listen to the story and write true T) or false (F):

1. (__) The narrator of the experience is a man.

2. (__) The narrator has no brothers or sisters.
3. (__) The narrator was alone that night.
4. (__) The narrator was afraid when he saw the light.
5. (__) The narrator describes the aliens.
6. (__) He saw human people in the place as well.
7. (__) He appeared on the road again and was alone.

Activity 15: Listen to the story again and fill in the blanks:

(...) We all saw the saucer (1) __________ night. I knew what it was right
away. (2) __________ my brother was a kid, he was (3) __________ by a
saucer and we had promised (4) __________ other that if it happened again,
we (5) __________ not be afraid. I just jumped out and ran (6) __________
the light. I felt no fear. I got close and something hit me. It was (7) __________
an electric blow to my jaw. (...)”

GRAMMAR: FOCUS ON EVENTS: THE PASSIVE

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THE PRESENT PASSIVE

U2 A5 “The Passive”. Listen to your teacher.

These are examples from the text “Drugs and Sports” (From Guía de Estudio de 5º año, unidad
1):

A- “Some athletes use drugs to win a competition.”

B- “Drugs are used by some athletes to win a competition.”

What´s the difference in meaning between sentence A and B?

In sentence A we talk about people. In sentence B we talk about substances.

In sentence A, the focus of attention is “athletes”. It´s the subject of the sentence. The sentence
is about what athletes do. In sentence B, the subject, and the focus of attention, is “drugs”. The
sentence is about drugs, not about athletes.

Sometimes it’s necessary to talk about an event and not who caused it or who did the action.

Which are the verbs in sentence B?

“Drugs are used by some athletes to win a competition.”

Ok. There are two verbs here: “are” and “used”. The first verb is the verb “to be”, it is in the
Simple Present Tense. The second verb is the verb “use”.

What is the form of “use” here?

It´s a past participle (3rd column of the verbs).

Why is “are” there?

The verb “to be” indicates “tense” (tiempo verbal: presente, pasado, futuro). In
this case, “are” indicates present time, because it is a present form.

Together, both verbs (“are” + “used”) refer to the event and not to who did it or who caused it.
Which is the subject of the verb “are used”?

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Atheletes

(El sujeto de la oración no es el que realmente realiza la acción de “usar”. Por lo tanto, este
sujeto no “hace nada”, es un sujeto “pasivo”.)

This construction is The Passive. The sentence is in the present tense, so, this is the Present
Passive.

This is the structure:

S + is/are + V Past Participle

In the Passive we always use the verb “to be” and a past participle form. If we speak in the
present, the verb “to be” is in the present (am/is/are), if we speak in the past, the verb “to
be” is in the past (was/were). The main verb is always a past participle.

U2 A6 “The Passive II”. Listen to your teacher.

Can you find a verb in the present passive in the text “We are not alone”?

Yes!

“(...) they argue that techniques used in the construction of the pyramids are
now well-known.”

THE PAST PASSIVE

Consider the following dialogue between a mother her child:

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The mother arrives home from work and sees that the cookies´ jar is broken:

Mother: Oh! My God! What´s happened to the jar?

Child: Er … Yes, well …
Mother: Yes?
Child: It was broken.
Mother: I can see that, very clearly. Who broke it?
Child: I broke it, mom, I´m terribly sorry …

In the dialogue above, we can see that the child is afraid of his mother´s reaction
to him, because she loved that jar. He thinks she will punish him. So, he wants to
avoid responsibility and says: “It was broken” (“se rompió”) instead of (en vez de)
“I broke it”.

Remember that we use the passive construction when:

- we do not want to say who did it,
- we do not know who did it,
- who did it is not important/is obvious.

The grammatical construction is:

S + was/were + V Past Participle

Remember what we studied:

In the Passive we always use the verb “to be”. If we speak in the present, the verb “to be”
is in the present, if we speak in the past, the verb “to be” is in the past, if we speak using
the Present Continuous, the verb “to be” has “-ing”. The main verb is always a past
participle.

Can you find a verb in the past passive in the text “We are not alone”?

“Earth many years ago first became popular when Chariots of the Gods? was
published in English.”

“The author, Erich von Daniken, claims spaceships were observed in

Mesopotamia.”
Read about ketchup. Did you know the meaning of the word?

About ketchup

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I can’t imagine a more American meal than a burger and fries, and
I can’t imagine a burger and fries without ketchup. Maybe that’s
why I always thought of ketchup as the all-American condiment.
The first ketchup was probably made in China about 350 years ago.
This “ketsiap” was made of fish and shellfish. It did not contain
tomatoes. It became very popular and it was introduced into
Malaysia and then Singapore, where it was known as “kechap”. In
the early 18th century, it was sold to English merchant sailors, who
took it to Britain. Because the British cooks did not have all the ingredients, some of
the Eastern ingredients were replaced. The new sauce was called “ketchup”. Later,
many alternative ingredients were tried, including lemons, walnuts, anchovies …
and, eventually, tomatoes.
Tomato ketchup was introduced into America by English settlers, who called it
“catsup”. The first commercial bottle of ketchup was produced in 1876 by Henry
Heinz. Ten years later, Heinz Tomato Ketchup was first exported to Britain.
Heinz used ripe tomatoes, increased the proportion of vinegar in the recipe
dramatically, added sugar, and flavored it with onion and a special blend of spices.
The result was an extremely viscous condiment that included all the major taste
components—salty, bitter, sweet, sour, and umami (or savory). This winning
combination soon became the American definition of ketchup; although competitors’
recipes differ in the details, the public no longer accepts anything as “ketchup” that
doesn’t fit the pattern of a thick, tangy, tomato-based sauce.

In the text, there are many sentences that speak about the sauce, ketchup. For example, in the
sentence:

“The first ketchup was probably made in China about 350 years ago”,

the important information is about the product, not about who made it. Then, the verb is in the
past passive: “was made”. Check the underlined verbs in the text above:

Activity 16: Present & past passives: Complete the sentences:

1. Steroids ____________________ by some runners. (use)

2. Her knee ____________________ last week. (check)
3. The palace and the pool ____________________ by his son. (build)
4. Ferdinand ____________________ by a dog last Tuesday. (bit)
5. The winner horse ____________________ by Patrizia Smirtner. (ride)

Activity 17: Complete the text with the correct forms of the verbs, active or passive:

The first sandwich (1) ______________ (make) by John Montagu, Earl of Sandwich,
in 1762. He (2) ______________ (use to - play) cards games for a long time and
one day he (3) ______________ (refuse) to stop playing in order to eat. So, his
cook (4) ______________ (prepare) a quick meal putting a piece of meat between
two slices of bread.

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Activity 18: Look at the pictures and answer: What happened to Bart? Use the verbs
below in the active or passive voice:

arrest – bully – injure - poop (on) – praise – sick - fall (into)

Picture What happened to Bart?

1 He ...
2
3
4
5
6

1
6 5

Images retrieved at:

http://en.islcollective.com/resources/search_result?Grammar_Focus=Passive+voice

MORE ABOUT THE PASSIVE

Now consider this sentence:

The exams will be corrected by Friday.

In this case, “who” is obvious: the teacher.

Other examples:
Peter will be fired from work. Please, don´t say a word.

The cake has just been finished. Would you like a bit?

The car is being repaired at the moment. It´ll be ready on Saturday.

Remember: we change the verb “to be” to indicate present, past, future, but we always
use the past participle in the passive voice.

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Can you find a verb in the present perfect passive in the text “We are not
alone”?

YES! “Von Daniken´s theories have been attacked by many scholars.”

Activity 19: Complete the sentences:

1. Mateo ____________________ (invite-Present Perfect) to the party. Have

you?
2. The money ____________________ (find-Present Perfect) by a dog!
Incredible!
3. The dog ____________________ (reward-Simple Future) for his good
action with free food for a year.
4. Now, the dog ____________________ (prepare-Present Continuous) for the
annual parade.
5. It ____________________ (wash-Present Continuous),
____________________ (comb-Present Perfect) and
____________________ (perfume-Present Perfect) for the occasion.

READING: PROBLEMS AND ADVICE

Read the text and do the activities below:

Teenage problems

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When I see an item of clothing in a shop, I am afraid to

go in and buy it. Every time I try to go into a shop I get
embarrassed when the shop assistant speaks to me. I
always think they´re thinking “Nothing in this shop
would ever suit her.”
Mary

I know some people who can´t talk

because of shyness. My problem is the
complete opposite: I can´t stop talking!
You see, if a member of the opposite sex
comes to talk to me, instead of going
quiet, I´m so nervous that I chat like
mad.
Greg
I have no self-confidence and try not to talk
to people as I am sure they wouldn´t want
to talk to me. I have started to think that
this is because I am the world´s most
boring person.
Silvia

Now I am nearly 16 and going into my fifth

year in high school. I think that my feelings
are getting in the way of my success. I feel
like a failure and I hate myself most of the
time. I have very unstable feelings and I am
never sort of sad or sort of angry, it is
always very extreme. I am prone to verbal
and physical violence and tantrums, and I
spend most of my time lying in bed crying
and thinking about harming myself and
others. Felipe

Images retrieved at:

http://www.google.com.ar/search?q=teenage+problems&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=lImwUabkBsPB0AG
8m4CwAQ&sqi=2&ved=0CDEQsAQ&biw=1264&bih=838

GENERAL COMPREHENSION

Activity 20: Write true (T) or false (F):

1. (__) Mary, Greg, Silvia and Felipe have low self-esteem problems.
2. (__) Mary does not enjoy buying clothes because she doesn´t want to talk
to shop assistants.
3. (__) Greg speaks a lot when he talks to a girl.
4. (__) Silvia does not like to talk to boring people.
5. (__) Felipe has psychological problems.
DETAILED COMPREHENSION

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Activity 21: Find highlighted in the text the words defined below:

1. rather than:
2. because:
3. fit:
4. almost:
5. tend to:
6. being an obstacle:
7. shy:

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VOCBABULARY: FEELINGS

We all feel differently in different situations. Look at the faces below:

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Image feelings retrieved at:

https://www.google.com.ar/search?q=feelingfaces&client=firefox-a&rls=org.mozilla:es-
ES:official&channel=np&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=8i23UbrAIsP5iwKKsICABQ&ved=0CCwQsAQ&biw=12
80&bih=920

Activity 22: Complete the sentences:

1. I feel pained when ________________________________________ .

2. I feel loaded when ________________________________________ .
3. I was very surprised when __________________________________ .
4. I´m not a(n) _______________________________________ person.
5. My best friend is a bit ______________________________________ .

This is the end of unit 2. Please, do all the exercises and contact me any time. Let´s
go to unit 3, the last one!

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Materia: “Inglés”
Unidad Didáctica 2
Applying for a job

Summary

In this unit you’ve learnt:

To: By using the structures: And using vocabulary in the

areas of:

Apply for a job. Fear.

Refer to fear and other Past forms (Simple Past, Feelings.
feelings. Past Continuous, Past Exams.
Describe problems and give Perfect, Past Passive). Aliens.
advice. The Passive (Past, present, Teenage problems.
Speak about the past. future). Jobs.
Focus on events.

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Materia: “Inglés”
Unidad Didáctica 2
Applying for a job

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Materia: “Inglés”
Unidad Didáctica 2
Applying for a job

Self –assessment (Answers)

1. Complete the sentences:

Please, send the answer to this exercise via PED for correction. Remember to write your
name, course, unit number and activity number. Thanks.

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