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Material de Estudio

Asignatura: Ingles V

Unit IV: What's the recipe?

Primer session de dos.

Autor: MSc. Guillermina Eduarda Múa Ibarra

Octubre 2023, Managua.

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 Índice

Contenido
Introducción ...................................................................................................................................2
1 Contenidos de la Unidad ............................................................................................................3
1.1 1. Expression of quantities (a few, a little, a lot, much, many, enough). ............................3
1.2 2. Sequence words (FIRST, THEN, AFTER THAT, FINALLY). ..................................................6
1.2.1 What is a sequence word in a sentence? ....................................................................6
1.2.2 What Are Sequence Words? .......................................................................................6
1.2.3 Common Sequence Words .........................................................................................7
1.3 3. Clause with Before and After, Any. .................................................................................8
1.4 4. Reading: Read about foods indigenous to the Americas. .............................................11
2 Practice.....................................................................................................................................11
3 Homework: ...............................................................................................................................12
4 Bibliografía: ..............................................................................................................................12

Introducción
Apreciados estudiantes, sean bienvenidos al curso Ingles V. En el presente material
tienen contenidos que amplían el conocimiento del idioma ingles así como ejercicios
prácticos que les permitirá desarrollar sus competencias lingüísticas y habilidades de
expresión en el idioma inglés. En esta oportunidad analizaremos la Unit IV: What's
the recipe?
Contents
1. Expression of quantities (a few, a little, a lot, much, many, enough).
2. Sequence words (FIRST, THEN, AFTER THAT, FINALLY).
3. Clause with Before and After, Any.
4. Reading: Read about foods indigenous to the Americas.
Con esta unidad podremos dotarnos de competencias básicas enfocadas en los
siguientes objetivos:
Conceptuales:

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1. Know the different types of recipes that there are in terms of food, medicines and
others.

Procedimentales:
2. Express through exercises, readings the forms of recipes that are in the different
trades.

Actitudinales:
3. Show their knowledge through the application of the exercises, readings and
conversations.

Estructura:
En el material de estudio encontraran la siguiente información:
1- Contenidos explicados de la unidad.
2- Actividades prácticas con sus respectivas orientaciones.
3- Asignación de trabajos en equipos e individuales.

Lqa presente unidad está compuesta de dos sesiones de clase, siendo esta la primera en la
cual utilizaran contenidos que de ustedes ya son conocidos y reforzaran en la segunda sesión
al hablar sobre comidas o contar hechos o historias.

1 Contenidos de la Unidad
1.1 1. Expression of quantities (a few, a little, a lot, much,
many, enough).
What are Quantifiers?
A quantifier is a word that usually goes before a noun to express the quantity of the object;
for example, a little milk. Most quantifiers are followed by a noun, though it is also possible
to use them without the noun when it is clear what we are referring to. For example,
Do you want some milk? – Just a little. (It’s clear that I mean ‘a little milk’.)
There are quantifiers to describe large quantities (a lot, much, many), small quantities (a little,
a bit, a few) and undefined quantities (some, any). There are also quantifiers that express the
idea of a sufficient amount (enough, plenty).

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There are some quantifiers that have a similar meaning but differ because one is used with
countable nouns and the other is used with uncountable nouns. Countable nouns are things
that we can count; for example, a table, two chairs. Uncountable nouns are things that we
cannot count and only have a singular form; for example, some furniture, some fruit.
Much, Many, A lot (of)
We use many, much, a lot (of) to refer to big quantities. We use ‘many’ with countable nouns
and ‘much’ with uncountable nouns, and we can use ‘a lot (of)’ with both countable and
uncountable nouns. In modern English it is very common to use ‘a lot (of)’ in affirmative
sentences instead of ‘many’ and ‘much’.
Examples:
There are many things to do today.
We have a lot of time left, don’t worry.
Many people take the train to work.
Much Italian wine is sold abroad.
She plays a lot of sport.
When we want to emphasize a really big quantity we can add ‘so’ in front of ‘many’ and
‘much’. For example:
There were so many passengers on the train, it was difficult to get off.
She had so much work to do, she stayed at the office until midnight.
A Few, A Little, A Bit (of)
To talk about small quantities we can use ‘a few’ and ‘a little’. We use ‘a few’ with countable
nouns and ‘a little’ with uncountable nouns. It’s also possible to use ‘a bit’ with uncountable
nouns, but it is more informal.
Examples:
We need a few coins for the car park.
Would you like a little milk in your coffee?
They ate a few biscuits with their tea.
The engine needs a little oil.

When we want to refer to a small quantity with a negative sense, we use ‘few’ and ‘little’
without ‘a’. For example:

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Few trains arrive on time. (A small number of trains arrive on train which is a bad thing.)
Little attention is given to the problem of parking. (A small amount of attention is given to
this problem and it’s not good.)
Some, Any
When we want to refer to a plural noun or an uncountable noun, without giving a specific
quantity, we use ‘some’ and ‘any’. We use ‘some’ in affirmatives and ‘any’ in questions and
negatives.
Examples:
We have some free time later this afternoon.
She doesn’t want any coffee.
Do they need any bread?
I went to some meetings in Rome last week.
Will there be any managers at the party?
EXCEPTION!
As is common in English, there is an exception to this rule. When we make requests and
offers, we usually use ‘some’ instead of ‘any’. For example:
Can I have some water please?
Would you like some chocolates?
Enough, Plenty (of)
The words ‘enough’ and ‘plenty’ express the idea of being a sufficient quantity. Both words
can go with countable and uncountable nouns. We use ‘plenty (of)’ to mean there is more
than a sufficient quantity of something. For example:
I need more plates. – No, we don’t. There are plenty!
Slow down. We’ve got plenty of time to get to the station.
We use ‘enough’ to express the idea of having, or not having, a sufficient quantity. For
example:
I think we have enough vegetables so I won’t buy any more.
But we don’t have enough fruit. Let’s get some more.
(wallstreetenglish, s.f.)

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1.2 2. Sequence words (FIRST, THEN, AFTER THAT,

FINALLY).
1.2.1 What is a sequence word in a sentence?
Sequence words are words that help us understand the order of events that are happening in
a narrative or text.
Sequencing words tell us things like what happened first, what happened next, and what
happened that was unexpected. Think of them as signal words that help us identify the next
event and the end of a story.

1.2.2 What Are Sequence Words?

In linguistics, a polysemy word is a piece of language that has more than one metaphorical
sense or meaning. For example, the English word knowledgeable means someone who is
learned in subject matter but also can mean clever, tricky or deceitful.
Words that have multiple meanings and can be used in a variety of different ways are called
polysemic words (polysemous words). Often when you study polysemic words you find that
they have more than one root meaning. This can be confusing at times, but there are several
ways to help you understand the exact meanings of these words.
List of Sequence Words
Beginning Middle Interruption Ending
In the beginning Meanwhile Suddenly In conclusion
At the beginning Then All of a sudden At the end
First After that But then Finally
First of all Later In the end
Firstly Soon To conclude
Initially After awhile At last
Once Next In conclusion
Once upon a time Second To summarise
One day Third Afterward
To begin Secondly Lastly
To start Thirdly After all
Today And By the end
Yesterday Furthermore By this point
Further Eventually
Moreover
Another
In addition
Also
Subsequently

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After
Before
The next day
Later that day
Later that night

1.2.3 Common Sequence Words

Beginning
At the beginning: It is used to introduce something.
First: It can also be used in place of ‘in the beginning’.
Initially: It can also be used to describe the first part of a situation.
Middle
Meanwhile: It is usually used to talk about two things happening at the same time, though
not necessarily directly related to each other; one thing happens while another happens
elsewhere
Then: Referring to something that takes place at a certain time in the future.
After that: After can be used in conjunction with all sorts of other words, such as once, till
and so on, to refer to something that is supposed to happen after another thing – for example
once a person has left home, his parents should not worry about him because he will be safe..it
means he is going to go somewhere else after leaving home.
Later: After can be used in conjunction with all sorts of other words, such as once, till and
so on, to refer to something that is supposed to happen after another thing – for example once
a person has left home, his parents should not worry about him because he will be safe.
Interruption
Suddenly: It is often used as an adverb in sentences as a way to describe how something
happens without warning or without any previous indication that something was going to
happen
All of a sudden: It is used to describe the occurrence of something that happens
unexpectedly, especially when it happens very quickly.

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But then: It is used to show the contrast between two actions or thoughts that happen at
different times
Ending
In conclusion: It is used at the
end of an argument or piece of
writing to sum up what has
already been said and to drive
home a final point.
At the end: It is used to
indicate the conclusion of
whatever is being mentioned.
Finally: It is used to indicate
the end of a discussion or
period of time and to express
the idea that nothing else
follows.
Using sequence words is a key
skill for passing the IB exam.
Knowing how to use each word
correctly and effectively is
crucial for making sure your
essay is both readable and
understandable.
CITATION 7es \l 3082 (7esl.com, s.f.)

1.3 3. Clause with Before and After, Any.

The time expressions after, before and when are used to indicate when something happens in
the past, present, or future. Each is a subordinating conjunction which introduces a dependent
clause and can be used at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence.
I went to school after I had finished my homework.
She takes the train when she travels to London.
Mary finished the report before she made the presentation.
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or
After we have discussed the issue, we can make a decision.
When we get up, we take a shower.
Before we left, we visited our friends in Seattle.
After, before and when introduce a full clause and require a subject and verb. Therefore, the
time expressions after, before, and when introduce adverb clauses.
After
The action in the main clause occurs after what occurs in the time clause. Notice the use of
tenses:
Future: What will happen after something occurs.
Time clause: present simple
Main clause: future
We'll discuss the plans after he gives the presentation.
Jack is going to propose to Jane after they have dinner on Friday!
Present: What always happens after something else occurs.
Time clause: present simple
Main clause: present simple
Alison checks her mail after she gets home.
David plays golf after he mows the lawn on Saturdays.
Past: What happened after something (had) occurred.
Time clause: past simple or past perfect
Main clause: past simple
They ordered 100 units after Tom (had) approved the estimate.
Mary purchased a new car after she (had) researched all her options.
Before
The action in the main clause happens before the action described in the time clause.
Notice the use of tenses:
Future: What will happen before something else occurs in the future.
Time clause: present simple
Main clause: future
Before he completes the report, he will check all the facts.

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Jennifer will speak with Jack before she makes a decision.

Present: What happens before something else occurs on a regular basis.
Time clause: present simple
Main clause: present simple
I take a shower before I go to work.
Doug exercises every evening before he eats dinner.
Past: What (had) happened before something else occurred at a point of time in the past.
Time clause: past simple
Main clause: past simple or past perfect
She had already eaten before he arrived for the meeting.
They finished the discussion before he changed his mind.
When
The action in the main clause happens when something else occurs. Notice that "when" can
indicate different times depending on the tenses used. However, "when" generally indicates
that something happens after, as soon as, upon something else occurring. In other words, it
happens just after something else occurs. Notice the use of tenses:
Future: What happens when something else occurs in the future.
Time clause: present simple
Main clause: future
We'll go out to lunch when he comes to visit me. (general time)
Francis will give me a call when he gets the confirmation. (after in a general sense—it could
be immediately, or later)
Present: What always happens when something else occurs.
Time clause: present simple
Main clause: present simple
We discuss the bookkeeping when she comes every month.
Susan plays golf when her friend Mary is in town.
Past: What happened when something else (had) occurred. The past tense of "when" can
indicate that something happened regularly or one specific time in the past.
Time clause: past simple
Main clause: past simple

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She took the train to Pisa when he came to visit her in Italy. (once, or on a regular basis)
They had a great time seeing the sights when they went to New York.
(learn-english-today, s.f.)

1.4 4. Reading: Read about foods indigenous to the

Americas.

2 Practice
Ejercicio externo:
Para realizer el ejercicio deben de acceder al siguiente link:
Conjunciones subordinadas de tiempo (BEFORE & AFTER ...
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wo0AqM81zTw

1. Indicate in which of the following sentences "much" / "many" / "little" / "few" or "a lot
of" should be used:
1) There are ____________ people who prefer to work part-time
2) We don't have ________________ time to listen to your arguments
3) You need _________________ time to finish your homework
4) Look at the sky! You can see ________________ birds flying southwards
5) Have you received ____________________ letters from your friend?
6) ______________ people know that you worked abroad for ten years
7) I can see that you have _______________ interest in helping me
8) _______________ cars can go more than 300 km per hour
9) There were _____________ foreigners in that village last summer?
10) I am very busy; I have _____________ things to do
11) Mark is not a millionaire. I am sure he doesn't have _____________ money
12) I put a _____________ bit of sugar in my coffee because I don't like it very sweet
13) Peter has a stomach ache and that is because he ate _______________ biscuits
14) He didn't have ______________ luck. He lost all his money in the casino
15) It is a very small car park; it allows _______________ cars
16) We haven't had ____________________ rain during this year
17) I have _________________ books of the Second World War
18) He made ______________ effort to win the race
19) Martin doesn't eat ______________ Martin doesn't eat
20) Do you have ______________ friends in England?
21) He was very furious and said ______________ nonsense
22) ______________ people can agree with your point of view about immigration
23) After _________________ attempts he could cross the river
24) In the morning you can see ______________ people running to the beach
25) He found ___________________ support in his family when he got divorced.

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Complete the following. Pay special attention to verb tenses.

1. Last night, I went to bed after I ______________________________my homework.

2. Tonight, I will go to bed after I _________________________my homework.
3. Ever since I was a child, I ____________________________________ afraid of
dogs.
4. Jacquie’s contact lens popped out while she _____________________basketball.
5. Be sure to reread your composition for errors before you _________________ it in
to the teacher tomorrow.
6. By the time, I left my apartment this morning, the mail carrier
__________________________ the mail.
7. I have known my best friend since her _____________________________ ten
years old.
8. A black cat ran across the road as I ____________________________my car to
work this morning.
9. By the time I leave this city, I _______________________________ here for four
months.
10. Whenever Mike __________________________________ angry, his nose gets red.
11. I ____________________________ to the beach whenever the weather was nice,
but now I do not have time to do that because I have to study.
12. We will have a big party when __________________________________.
13. The next time I ______________________________to Hawaii, I’m going to visit
Mauna Loa, the world’s largest volcano.
14. I had fried chicken the last time I ____________________________ at that
restaurant.

3 Homework:
Talk about how a Nicaraguan meal is prepared, using the vocabulary of sequence words
and quantity expressions as well as the clauses, before, after and any. (Hablar sobre cómo
se prepara una comida nicaragüense, empleando el vocabulario de las palabras de secuencia
y expresiones de cantidad asi como las clausulas, before, after y any).

4 Bibliografía:
7esl.com. (s.f.). 7esl.com. Obtenido de https://7esl.com/sequence-words/
learn-english-today. (s.f.). learn-english-today. Obtenido de https://www.learn-english-
today.com/lessons/lesson_contents/verbs/future-time-clauses.html
wallstreetenglish. (s.f.). wallstreetenglish. Obtenido de
https://www.wallstreetenglish.com/exercises/what-are-
quantifiers#:~:text=There%20are%20quantifiers%20to%20describe,amount%20(enough%
2C%20plenty).

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