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Pedagoga
Inglés B1
1º Idiomas
Idiomas
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UNIT 10 BEHIND THE SCENES
GRAMMAR: GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES
A. El gerund es usado en los siguientes casos:

1. Como el sujeto/objecto/complemento de una frase.
Subject: Reading in the car makes me feel sick.
Object: I find shopping for clothes really boring.

Complement: my favorite sport is swimming.
2. Después de preposiciones.
I’m not very good at making things.
NB to is a preposition in the following verbs:
I look forward to hearing from you soon.
I can’t get used to living without her.
3. Después de ciertos verbo.
Certain verbs expressing likes and dislikes: adore, detest, dislike, enjoy, don’t mind, can’t stand.
Other verbs: admit, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, can’t help, consider, delay, deny, discuss,
dislike, enjoy, feel like, finish, forgive, give up, imagine, involve, keep, mention, mind, miss,
practice, postpone, put off, prevent, quit, recall, recollect, recommend, regret, remember, resent,
resist, risk, suggest, tolerate, understand.
4. Después de ciertas expresiones:

I can’t help laughing at him. (No puedo evitar reírme)
I can’t stand waiting in queues. (No puedo soportar hacer cola.)
There’s / It’s no use crying over spilt milk. (No merece la pena llorar sobre la leche derramada.) (A lo hecho,
pecho).
That car isn’t worth buying. (No merece la pena comprar el coche.)
Helen isn’t used to driving on the left. (Helena no está acostumbrada a conducir por la izquierda)
David couldn’t get used to living in a city. (David no podía acostumbrarse a vivir en la ciudad.)
David has given up smoking. (David ha dejado de fumar.)
Let’s go hiking. (go + ing = para actividades de recreo).
Your car needs cleaning. (need + gerundio = sentido pasivo) (Tu coche necesita ser limpiado).
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B. El infinitive con ‘to’ es usado:
1. Para expresar propósito: I’m learning English to help me get a better job.
2. Después de muchos adjetivos, eg. Surprised, delighted, disappointed, easy, happy, important, lucky,
necessary, normal, possible, surprised: I was surprised to hear she had failed the exam.
3. Después de ciertos verbos: He offered to give her a lift, but she decided to go by train instead.
The following verbs, like promise, are normally followed by the infinitive with to: advise, (can’t) afford,
agree, appear, arrange, ask, attempt, beg, claim, choose, consent, decide, demand, deserve, expect,
fail, force, forget, help, hesitate, hope, learn, main, manage, need, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise,
refuse, regret, remember, seem, struggle, swear, tempt, threaten, volunteer, wait, want, wish .
The infinitive with ‘to’ is also used after: would like, would love, would hate, would prefer.
C. Gerund and infinitives después verbos.

1. Verb + gerund or infinitive.
a. Like, love, hate and prefer are usually followed by the gerund. However, the infinitive is also
possible with little, if any, difference in meaning: I love going / to go for long walks in the hills.
The infinitive is common for specific situations: I hate to interrupt, but we really must be going.
b. Begin, start, continue and intend y pueden ser seguidos por el gerundio o infinitive sin cambio de
significado: When I arrived it started to rain / raining.
c. Forget, remember, go on, mean, need, regret, stop y try pueden ser seguido por el gerundio o
infinitive, pero con cambio de significado.
- Remember / forget + gerund = (not) recordar una acción previa: I remember coming here
when I was young. - I’ll never forget seeing U2 in concert.
Remember / forget + infinitive = (not) recordar lo que tienes que hacer: We must remember to
feed the cat before we go. - Don’t forget to phone me if you need any help.
- Go on + gerund = continuar con la misma actividad: Some footballers go on playing
professionally until they’re nearly 40.
Go on + infinitive= cambiar a una actividad diferente: After a successful career as a football
player, Johan Cruyff went on to become a respected manager.
- Mean + gerund = suponer algo: Dieting usually means giving up things you enjoy.
Mean + infinitive = tener la intención de: I meant to phone the electrician but I forgot.
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- Need + gerund = (significado pasivo): This house needs painting (= needs to be painted)
Need + infinitive = (significado activo): I need to get some new shoes.
- Regret + gerund = sentir una acción realizada con anterioridad: I regret going to see that film: it was
so boring.
Regret + infinitive = sentir lo que vas a decir (formal use): We regret to inform you that we are unable
to repair your washing machine.
- Stop + gerund = para de hacer una actividad que estás haciendo: I’ve stopped smoking: it’s too
expensive.
Stop + infinitive = parar de hacer una cosa para hacer otra: If you’re driving long distances, you
should stop to have a rest every two hours.
- Try + gerund = experimentar para ver que pasará: Try resting for a while: you might feel better then.
- Try + infinitive = hacer un esfuerzo; intentar hacer algo: Alan tried to stop the thief as he ran away.

1. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1. You’re good at …………………..(work) under pressure, so why don’t you become a journalist?
2. The robber denied …………………..(be) anywhere near the bank on that day.
3. Luckily, I managed …………………..(complete) the report on time.
4. They had finished …………………..(record) the interview by lunchtime.
5. The reporter apologized for …………………..(ask) her some tricky questions.
6. It was impossible …………………..(get) to the island because of the storm.
7. The editor instead on …………………..(have) articles of at least 1000 words.
8. The principal invited a newspaper editor …………………..(talk) to the school.
2. Read the news article below and choose the correct option to complete the sentences.
Faye White is the captain of the England and Arsenal Women’s football teams. When she was eight, she really
enjoyed (1) to play / playing football with her brother at the local park. She used to go training with her
brother’s team twice a week and she often dreamt (2) of competing / to compete in world-class football, but
she didn’t join her first proper girls’ team until she was 14. Whenever she got any injuries, she concentrated
(3) to recover / on recovering her fitness level, because it was important for her (4) starting / to start
playing again as soon as possible. She is most proud of the moment when she proved she was capable (5) of
representing / to represent her country.

She advises all young footballers (6) to get / getting into a team as soon as they can and says they should
just think (7) to practice / about practicing as much as they can. She also encourages them (8) to listen /
listening to the advice from their coaches. They shouldn’t worry about (9) not winning / not to win! Most
importantly – they should always believe (10) to give / in giving themselves another chance!
3. Complete the TV report from a dog show with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
‘And it’s a very good afternoon to all our viewers from us here at the Top Class Dog show”. My name is
Katie Preston and I’m reporting from just outside Bristol. Firstly, may I apologise for 1) starting (start) our
broadcast a little late, but I am happy 2) ________ (say) that the rain has now stopped and the show can
begin.
Before 3) ________ (watch) our first contestant, Mrs Bates, with her dog With as Snow, I would like 4)
________ (explain) to our viewers that Hot and Tasty Dog Foods have offered 5) ________ (sponsor)
the show today and are responsible for 6) ________ (provide) all the prizes and prize money. Now, here

comes Mrs Bates and Whites as Snow. White as Snow certainly looks as if he is enjoying 7) ________
(show off) his wonderful white coat… . Oh dear, that was a patch of mud he just stepped in. well, we did
advise the owners 8) ________ (lead) their dogs away from the mud. However, I’m glad 9) ________
(say) that we now have our second contestant, Mr Stone, with his dog. Black Knight. Black Knight certainly
looks capable of 10) ________ (attack) anyone he doesn’t like but he’s a good-looking dog, that’s for
sure. He’s doing well… but, oh dear, I think he’s spotted someone he doesn’t like in the crowd. Oh no! He’s
decided 11) ________ (go) and investigate … . Well, I think perhaps it’s time 12) ________ (make)
contact with our second reporter on the scene, Richard Harris, who is covering the sheepdog trials.
Richard…?’
4. Complete the sentences with the ´-ing form of these verbs.

Decide interview read report speak take work
1. ………………….the news in a TV studio is very different from street ………………….
2. ………………….in a foreign country can give you a different outlook on life.
3. ………………….which images to include in a video can be quite difficult.
4. ………………….photos of dead or badly injured people is something you never quite get used to.
5. ………………….famous people is exciting at first but it becomes routine after a while.
6. ………………….to victims of terrorist attacks can be quite upsetting.
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5. Complete the sentences with the –ing form or (not) to-infinitive form of an appropriate verb.
1. I can’t avoid ………………….upset when I see violent scenes on the news.
2. I can’t afford ………………….on holiday this year.
3. I didn’t want anyone ………………….that we’d won the lottery, however my husband insisted on
………… everyone.
4. I love this town. I can’t imagine …………………. anywhere else.
5. I’ve decided ………………….that motorbike. It’s too expensive.
6. I aim ………………….all my exams this year.

7. I can’t go straight to bed after ………………….a horror film. It gives me nightmares.
8. I’ve just finished ………………….my articles.
9. I’d like ………………….dinner at home tonight
READING.
1. Read the article quickly. Find out which paragraph mentions the following:
1. The final details 4. The finished product
2. Being on the road 5. Matching pictures to news
3. Other news services 6. News just in
2. Read the article again and choose the best answer, A, B, C or D.

1. What will the person who rang the TV news have to do?
a. Act as if nothing unusual has happened
b. Give an eyewitness account
c. Get connected to a computer
d. Phone for the police
2. What did the correspondent in the village do?
a. Receive reports
b. Try to rescue people
c. Film the disaster
d. Interview the local people
3. Why will images from the archives be used?
a. To make it more interesting
b. To make the pictures look three-dimensional
c. To supply evidence of other similar disasters.
d. To make the floods look more impressive.
4. What is important when reporting the news?
a. The newsreader has to be a story-teller.
b. The news report always has to be the lead story.
c. The news report has to be accurate.
d. The news report has to give all the details.
5. What is meant by the clock’s ticking in paragraph 4?
a. The report is already late.
b. They have to work fast.

c. The noise of the clock is annoying.
d. They have missed the evening news deadline.
6. What are viewers invited to do in emergencies?
a. Take photos of the event.
b. Send text messages to the people in need.
c. Follow the latest weather report
d. Turn on their radios.
7. What must the producer decide about the story?
a. Whether it needs an introduction.
b. If it will be ready for the next news flash.
c. What part of it needs further scripting or editing.
d. What position it will have in the news report.
8. What do we learn about the situation in the village form the final news bulletin?
a. Marry road accidents have taken place.
b. They have no electricity.
c. The bridge has been washed away.
d. The rain hasn’t stopped since the morning.

3. Find words in the article that match these meanings.
a. Side of a river (line 5)
b. Person you work with (line 9)
c. Team of people (line 19)
d. Send information by satellite (line 22)
e. Happening only once (line 30)
f. Serious (line 37)
g. Cause great damage (line 65)
BREAKING NEWS!
Last month I spent a day on work experience, behind the scenes at a TV station. I followed an item of breaking
news from the time it happened, to the point when it appeared on the evening TV news. It was fascinating!

VOCABULARY
1. Find words or phrases in the first article that match these meanings.

1. New news reports coming in at the moment (para 1)
2. Someone who reports from a particular area (para 2)
3. Information you have gathered (para 2)
4. The most recent information about a new story (para 2)
5. A piece of film showing a particular event (para 3)
6. Place where old files, photos and film are stored (para 3)
7. An interesting event (para 3)
8. Send out a radio or television programme (para 3)
9. Short television or radio news report (para 4)
10. Writing the text to go with a piece of film (para 5)
2. Match these nouns to the groups of adjectives (1-5)

Country language news roads weather
1. National latest local dramatic
2. Icy winding busy dangerous
3. Stormy mild freezing fine
4. First official foreign formal
5. English-speaking neighbouring poor developed
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3. Complete the sentences with nouns formed from these verbs.

Commentate create direct employ inspect lecture research
1. He became a radio sports …………………after he gave up professional football.
2. After completing his Masters degree here, Pete will stay on as a …………………
3. Peter Jackson, the well-known film …………………, arrived in London yesterday.
4. Stephen Hillenburg was the …………………of SpongeBob SquarePants.
5. Most news programmes use a(n) …………………to find the background information.
6. The BBC is a very big …………………in Britain, with thousands of people working there.
7. The Health and Safety …………………came to the studios the other day.
LISTENING
1. Listen to the interview and complete the sentences. (2.8)
1. Daisy agrees that the public show a lot of …………………….in the lives of celebrities.
2. You can often read …………………. comments about celebrities on gossip sites.
3. …………………….isn’t always necessary to become a celebrity.
4. Film stars are not often …………………. in interviews with reporters.
5. Paparazzi can often earn a huge amount of ……………. for just one short of a celebrity.
6. Not all stars want to avoid having their picture in the …………………….
7. In Ancient Greece, the heroes were mainly …………………….
8. Later on, the work of …………………….was published in newspapers.
9. When you are famous, you have a lot of ………………. to deal with.
10. When Daisey is chasing an exclusive, …………………. isn’t important to her.
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SESSON 2
GRAMMAR: PHRASAL VERBS
1. Match the phrasal verbs to the meanings.
Continue delay hide investigate meet someone unexpectedly practice search for

tackle try to improve try to understand
1. A. look into B. look for
2. A. hold up B. hold back
3. A. go about B. go on
4. A. work out B. work on
5. A. run into B. run through
2. Complete the sentences with the correct form of phrasal verbs from exercise 1.
1. Police are ………………… the theft of five thousand mobile phones from a local store. The manager is said
to be ‘hopping mad’
2. When the star was interviewed about her personal life, the reporter felt that she was …………………
important information.
3. She got some advice from an experienced journalist about how to …………………writing good articles.
4. If you want to write the news, you’re going to have to …………………your spelling!
5. Let’s just …………………what questions you’re going to ask in the interview.
3. Replace the underlined parts of the sentences with the correct phrasal verb in the correct form.
Look up to/ look down on
1. The young reporter admired Ken, who’d been a journalist for thirty years.
2. The local people don’t like anyone who throws litter around their lovely park.
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Go in for / go along with
3. I never wanted to accept their ideas but I had to in the end.
4. Dave decided to have a career in the media.
Put up with / put in for
5. Sue’s applied for the position of assistant teen reporter
6. The editor never tolerates articles that are boring!
4. Complete the text with one word which best fits each gap.
THE SCHOOL NEWS
Have you ever thought of setting up a school newspaper? Or, if your school already has one, have you ever 1
____________ the chance to write an article for it? There must 2) ____________ things to write about
and you never know – one day you might go in 3) ____________ a career in journalism!

We asked Ben, a young journalist, why he had started writing for his school newspaper. ‘Well,’ he said, ‘I got
involved in the newspaper in order to understand how to go 4) ____________ writing interesting articles. I
also wanted to find out more about the different jobs involved and 5) ____________ out which one I might
be interested 69 ____________ doing later on.’
He then told us 7) ____________ to choose a topic. ‘Try finding out about students who take part in
volunteer work in their free time. For instance, it’s worth writing about the student who wins a local
photography competition. And don’t 8) ____________ to include any stories about animals – they’re always
popular!’
‘Recently,’ he added, ‘in one of my articles, I congratulated a girl on rescuing a poor dog that had 9)
____________ hit by a car. In this case, the dog had a lucky 10) ____________ since the student took
it to a local vet 11) ____________ managed to save its life. In this way, you encourage readers not only 12)
____________ take up new hobbies or activities but also to care about important issues.’
5. Look at the possible patterns for phrasal verbs and use the phrasal verbs given in these examples
to complete the gaps in the table. Then choose between the options in italics in the table.
Run over: I ran a man over / I ran over a man / I ran him over
Look up to: I really look up to my mum.
Turn up: We were expecting to see Jim, but he didn’t turn up.
Run into: I ran into Ashley while I was shopping the other day
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1. Phrasal verb without an object.
Some phrasal verbs cannot take an object. These include 1) ____________, break in, catch on, go on
(+ - ing), slow, down, speed up, watch out, work out (=do physical exercise)
2. Verb + particle + object / + object + participle
With some phrasal verbs the particle can be separated from its object. It can be placed both before and
after the object, if the object is a noun. If the object is a pronoun the particle must come 2) before /
after it. These include 3) ____________, bring up, hold back, hold up, let down, try on.
3. Inseparable phrasal verbs: verb + particle + object.
With some phrasal verbs the particle cannot be separated from its object. These include 4)
____________, get off, go with, look after, look for, look into, work on.
4. Verb + two particles + object
When a phrasal verb has two particles we must place the particle 5) before / after the object. Phrasal
verbs of this type include 6) ____________, go along with, go in form, look down on, put in for, put

up with.
6. Complete the sentences with the correct form of these phrasal verbs. If there is an object in
brackets, put this in an appropriate place.
Bring up look after look down on look for let down run out of work out
1. I’m ……………………..Have you seen them anywhere. (my glasses)
2. Circuit training is a great way of ……………………..
3. I hope we see a service station soon. We’ve nearly ……………………..(petrol)
4. He’s a bit of a snob. He ……………………..who haven’t got much money (people)
5. Your kids are really polite. You’ve ………………… really well. (them)
6. My neighbours have got a lovely dog. We always ……………………..when they go on holiday (it)
7. Remember you promised to help me tomorrow. Don’t ……………………..(me).
7. Complete the sentences with these nouns. All the nouns are based on phrasal verbs that have
appeared in these units.
Break-in breakup build-up getaway letdown rip-off take-off workout
1. The plane is now ready for ……………………..
2. Today many ex-couples remain friends after their ……………………..
3. The bank robbers made their ……………………..in a stolen car.
4. Garlic can help prevent the ……………………..of cholesterol in our arteries.
5. I expected the excursion to be really good, so in the end it was a real ……………………..
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6. They charged us 10 euros for a hamburger. What a ……………………..!
7. We put in a burglar alarm after the …………………..
8. I always feel much better after my …………………… at the gym.
WRITING: INFORMAL EMAILS AND LETTERS

SPORTS CLUB
You have joined a sports club. You have 5 messages from another club member. Write short answers to respond
to each message (1-5 words)

A. What’s your favourite sport?
B. What are you wearing today?
C. What’s your favourite colour?
D. Do you have any brother or sisters?
E. What did you do yesterday?
PART 2
You are a new member of a sports club. Complete the information by writing in full sentences using 20-30
words. You have 7 minutes to complete this task.
Please write about the different sports you like doing and what days you would like to use the sports
club and gym.
PART 3
You are a new member of a sports club. You are chatting to another member in the online chat room. Respond
to the messages using full sentences in 30-40 words per response.
You have 10 minutes to complete the task.
Hi, I see you are new to the sports club. I’ve been a member for a year now because I need to be fit for
my job. Why did you choose this sports club?
Which activities or classes are you going to join? How many times a week are you planning on going?
Really? What do you think about the membership fee and the price of the classes?
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PART 4
You are a member of a sports club and you have received this email from the manager.
Dear member,
I am writing to inform you that all aerobics classes next week will be cancelled because the instructor is going
away on holiday. Extra classes will be offered upon his return. I apologise for any inconvenience caused.
Unfortunately, we will not be able to offer a refund for these classes.
The Manager
Go Fitness Sports Club & Spa
A: Write an email to your friend, who is also a member of the sports club, explaining your feelings
about the changes and what you think the cub should do about the situation. You should use informal
English and write 40-50 words. You have 10 minutes.

B: Now respond to the manager by writing a forma email. You should include your feelings about the
situation, and what you think the club should do about the situation. Write 120-150 words. You have
20 minutes.
LISTENING
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SESSON 3 SPEAKING
APTIS:
PART 1
Do you have any pet?
Would you buy a pet to a child?
What’s your favourite pet?
PART 2

Describe this picture
• What do you think about using mobile phones while eating?

• Tell me about the best use of mobile phones when eating.
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PART 3
Compare these pictures
• Which dinner do you prefer?
• Tell me about you used to do when having dinner with someone.

PART 4
1. Tell me about a surprise you received.
2. Tell me what you were you doing when you received it.
3. Tell me about a surprise you would like to give.
TRINITY: LEARNING A SECOND LANGUAGE

1. Can a good teacher influence how well you enjoy learning a language?
2. Is it possible to teach yourself a language?
3. What careers are possible if you speak a foreign language?
4. What languages would you like to learn in future?
5. What different techniques do you have for learning vocabulary?
6. Do you need to write in a foreign language?
7. Do you need to use your foreign languages at work?
8. Do you think that knowing a foreign language might encourage you to live abroad in future?
9. Is it a good idea to learn a language from a non-native speaker of that language?
10. Are there any disadvantages?
11. Do you know how large your vocabulary is in your foreign language?
12. Could you teach your mother tongue to someone else?
13. What personal qualities do you need to be an effective language learner?
14. What tools can help you learn a foreign language?
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15. Have you ever made a telephone call in a foreign language?
16. If yes, how did it go?
17. Do you ever read websites in a foreign language?
18. Is it possible to learn a language without studying grammar?
19. Is knowing grammar more important than knowing vocabulary?
20. Have teaching methods for language learning changed over the last 50 years?
21. To speak a language well, why is it important to have an understanding of idioms?
22.How did your best language teacher help you?
23. Have you had any particularly poor language learning experiences?
24. How old should a child be when a school introduces the first foreign language?
25.Are teenage language exchange programs useful? Why? / Why not?
LISTENING

1. You’re going to hear a talk about an animal called a hyena. You will hear the talk twice. As you
listen, write down some notes about what you hear, if you want to. Then, I will ask you six
questions on some facts about hyenas. Are you ready?
The task will play twice.
Now I will ask you some questions. You only need to answer in a few words.
2. You’re going to hear a short talk about science. You will hear the talk twice. The first time, just
listen. Then I’ll ask you to tell me in a few words what the speaker is talking about. Are you
ready?
The task will play once.
Now tell me in a few words what the talk is about.
Now listen to the talk again. Write down some notes about what you hear, if you want to. Then
I’ll ask you to tell me six pieces of information about the first colour film. Are you ready?
The task will play once.
Now tell me six pieces of information about the audio.
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READING

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GRAMMAR: GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES

A. El gerund es usado en los siguientes casos:

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4. Después de ciertas expresiones:

C. Gerund and infinitives después verbos.

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4. Complete the sentences with the ´-ing form of these verbs.

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2. Read the article again and choose the best answer, A, B, C or D.

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Estudiar sin publi es posible. Compra Coins.

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2. Match these nouns to the groups of adjectives (1-5)

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Estudiar sin publi es posible. Compra Coins.

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Estudiar sin publi es posible. Compra Coins.

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WRITING: INFORMAL EMAILS AND LETTERS

Reservados todos los derechos.

Reservados todos los derechos.

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• What do you think about using mobile phones while eating?

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TRINITY: LEARNING A SECOND LANGUAGE

Compra Coins y descarga sin publicidad.

Reservados todos los derechos.

Estudiar sin publi es posible. Compra Coins.

Estudiar sin publi es posible. Compra Coins.

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