Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
EPOC
EPOC
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Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) website. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease: 2023 Report. goldcopd.org/2023-gold-report-2/. Accessed June 2, 2023.
TIPOS DE EPOC
‐ Enfisema
Consiste en la destrucción
y ensanchamiento de los
alvéolos pulmonares.
‐ Bronquitis crónica
Tos crónica productiva de
por lo menos 3 meses
consecutivos en 2 años
seguidos. 3
Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) website. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease: 2023 Report. goldcopd.org/2023-gold-report-2/. Accessed June 2, 2023.
FACTORES DE RIESGO
‐ Tabaquismo
‐ Exposición a Contaminantes Ambientales
‐ Antecedentes Genéticos
‐ Exposición Ocupacional a Agentes Tóxicos
‐ Infecciones Respiratorias Recurrentes (Haemophilus
Influenzae y Pseudomonas aeruginosa)
‐ Envejecimiento
‐ Déficit de Alfa-1 Antitripsina
‐ Asma No Tratada o Mal Controlada
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Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) website. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease: 2023 Report. goldcopd.org/2023-gold-report-2/. Accessed June 2, 2023.
Etiología y patogénesis
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Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) website. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease: 2023 Report. goldcopd.org/2023-gold-report-2/. Accessed June 2, 2023.
Inflamación y fibrosis + exceso de secreción de moco
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Han MK, Lazarus SC. COPD: diagnosis and management. In: Broaddus VC, Ernst JD, King TE, et al, eds. Murray and Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 64.
Enfisema
Pérdida de elasticidad pulmonar y agrandamiento
anormal de los espacios aéreos distales a los bronquios
terminales
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Han MK, Lazarus SC. COPD: diagnosis and management. In: Broaddus VC, Ernst JD, King TE, et al, eds. Murray and Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 64.
La destrucción del tejido alveolar
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Han MK, Lazarus SC. COPD: diagnosis and management. In: Broaddus VC, Ernst JD, King TE, et al, eds. Murray and Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 64.
● Insuficiencia
hereditaria ( a1-
antitripsina) (AAT)
Es un inhibidor de
proteasas que ayuda a
proteger el pulmón de
enzimas proteasas como
la elastasa que daña el
tejido pulmonar sano y
ayuda a eliminar las
bacterias
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Han MK, Lazarus SC. COPD: diagnosis and management. In: Broaddus VC, Ernst JD, King TE, et al, eds. Murray and Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 64.
11
National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute website. COPD national action plan. www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/education-and-awareness/COPD-national-action-plan. Updated February 9, 2021.
Accessed June 2, 2023.
National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute website. COPD national action plan. www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/education-and-awareness/COPD-national-action-plan. Updated February 9, 2021.
Accessed June 2, 2023.
12
Manifestaciones clínicas
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National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute website. COPD national action plan. www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/education-and-awareness/COPD-national-action-plan. Updated February 9, 2021.
Accessed June 2, 2023.
Signos físicos
- Prolongación de la fase espiratoria y sibilancias.
- Tórax en tonel.
- Postura en tripode.
- Puede surgir cianosis que se advierte en los labios y
lechos ungueales.
14
National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute website. COPD national action plan.
www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/education-and-awareness/COPD-national-action-plan. Updated February 9, 2021. Accessed June 2, 2023.
● Pacientes con predominio de enfisema
“Sopladores rosados” son delgados, no presentan
cianosis en reposo y utilizan de forma notable los
músculos accesorios
15
National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute website. COPD national action plan. www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/education-and-awareness/COPD-national-action-plan. Updated February 9, 2021.
Accessed June 2, 2023.
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Criterios GOLD para valorar gravedad de epoc
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Rochester CL, Nici L. Pulmonary rehabilitation. In: Broaddus VC, Ernst JD, King TE, et al, eds. Murray and Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 139.
Radiografía
● Pueden observarse signos de hiperinsuflación
pulmonar con descenso y horizontalización de ambos
diafragmas
● Aumento del espacio aéreo retroesternal
● Atenuación vascular
● Radiotransparencia
● También pueden detectarse bullas
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Rochester CL, Nici L. Pulmonary rehabilitation. In: Broaddus VC, Ernst JD, King TE, et al, eds. Murray and Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 139.
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Diagnóstico
● Clínica
● Espirometría +++
● Prueba de reversibilidad con broncodilatadores
● Rx de tórax -
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Rochester CL, Nici L. Pulmonary rehabilitation. In: Broaddus VC, Ernst JD, King TE, et al, eds. Murray and Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 139.
Tratamiento
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National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute website. COPD national action plan. www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/education-and-awareness/COPD-national-action-plan. Updated February 9, 2021. Accessed June 2, 2023.
Tratamiento
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GRACIAS
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Bibliografias
Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) website. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease: 2023 Report.
goldcopd.org/2023-gold-report-2/. Accessed June 2, 2023.
Han MK, Lazarus SC. COPD: diagnosis and management. In: Broaddus VC, Ernst JD, King TE, et al, eds. Murray and Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory
Medicine. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 64.
National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute website. COPD national action plan.
www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/education-and-awareness/COPD-national-action-plan. Updated February 9, 2021. Accessed June 2, 2023.
Rochester CL, Nici L. Pulmonary rehabilitation. In: Broaddus VC, Ernst JD, King TE, et al, eds. Murray and Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine. 7th ed.
Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 139.
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