Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Calculo III 8
Calculo III 8
Laplace transformations
February 7, 2023
[default]
Table of Contents
1 Preliminary concepts.
Class A functions
2 Laplace transformations
Definition of the Laplace transform
[default]
Class A functions
Preliminaries.
Definition.
Una función F : [0, ∞⟩ −→ R se dice que es contı́nua por tramos
puntos.
[default]
Class A functions
Class A functions
Examples
Examples
t +1
1 La función F (t) = no es continua por tramos : [0, ∞⟩
t −1
0, 0 < t < 1
2 F (t) = t 2, 1 < t < 2
0, t > 2
es continua ∀t ≥ 0 salvo en t = 1, 2.
Luego F (t) es continua por tramos en ⟨0, +∞⟩.
3 La función F (t) = JtK es continua por tramos en [0, 5].
[default]
Observations
1 Toda función continua en [a, b] es continua por tamos en
[a, b].
[a, b].
[default]
Definition.
Una función F : [0, ∞⟩ −→ R se dice que es de Orden
| F (t) |≤ ke at ; ∀t ≥ 0
Por ejemplo:
[default]
Additional properties
1 Si F : [0, ∞⟩ −→ R es una función seccionalmente coninua en
[0, ∞⟩ entonces
exponencial.
[default]
Z +∞ Z b
−st
Es decir f (s) = e F (t)dt = lim e −st F (t)dt
0 b→+∞ 0
[default]
2 F (t) = t
7 F (t) = senh at
3 F (t) = tn (∀n ∈ Z+ )
8 F (t) = cosh at
4 F (t) = e at
Resolution
Z +∞ Z b
−st
1 L{a} = e a dt = a lim e −st dt
0 b−→+∞ 0
h 1 ib a h i
=a lim − e −st = − lim e −sb − e −s0
b−→+∞ s 0 s b−→+∞
a a
=− 0 − 1 = con s > 0.
s s
1
En particular, L{1} =
s
[default]
Resolutios
Z +∞ Z b
−st
2 L{t} = e t dt = lim te −st dt.
0 b−→+∞ 0
t 1 h ib
= − e −st − 2 e −st
lim
b−→+∞ s s 0
h b 1 1 i
= lim − e −sb − 2 e −sb + 0 + 2 e −s0
b−→+∞ s s s
1 h b i 1 1
=− lim sb
− 2 lim e −sb + lim
s b−→+∞ e s b−→+∞ b−→+∞ s 2
1 h 1 i 1 1
=− lim sb
− 2 (0) + lim
s b−→+∞ be s b−→+∞ s 2
1
L{t} = 2 con s > 0.
s
[default]
Z +∞ Z b
−st n
3 L{t n } = e t dt = lim t n e −st dt
0 b−→+∞ 0
[default]
n
Como L{t n } = L{t n−1 } entonces
s
2 2 1 2 2
Para n = 2; L{t 2 } = L{t} = · 2 = 3 = 2+1
s s s s s
3 3 2 3·2 3!
Para n = 3; L{t 3 } = L{t 2 } = · 3 = 4 = 3+1
s s s s s
4 4 3! 4·3·2 4!
Para n = 4; L{t 4 } = L{t 3 } = · 4 = 5
= 4+1
s s s s s
n!
Finalmente, L{t n } =
s n+1
[default]
Z +∞ Z +∞
4 L{e at } = e −st e at dt = e −(s−a)t dt
0 0
Z b h 1 −(s−a)t ib
L{e at } = lim e −(s−a)t dt = lim − e
b−→+∞ 0 b−→+∞ s −a 0
1 h i 1
lim e −(s−a)b − e −(s−a)0 = −
=− 0−1
s − a b→+∞ s −a
1
L{e at } = ; ∀s > a
s −a
1
En particular, L{e −t } = ; ∀s > −1
s +1
[default]
+∞ +∞
e at + e −at
Z Z
5 L{cosh at} = e −st cosh atdt = e −st dt
0 0 2
Z +∞ Z +∞
1
L{cosh at} = e −st e at dt + e −st e −at dt
2 0 0
1h i 1h 1 1 i
= L{e at } + L{e −at } = +·
2 2 s −a s +a
1 s +a+s −a
h i 1 h 2s i s
= 2 2
= 2 2
= 2
2 s −a 2 s −a s − a2
s
L{cosh at} = ; ∀s > a
s2 − a2
[default]
Observation
Sea F : [0, +∞⟩ −→ R, entonces
[default]
Theorem 1.
Si F : [0, ∞⟩ −→ R es una función de clase A, entonces existe
[default]
Activities
Activities
Activities
Activities
Firsts Exercises
Hallar la transformada de Laplace de las siguientes funciones:
1 F (t) = cos πt · sen πt sen t, t < 2π
6 F (t) =
2 F (t) = cos2 πt
0, t > 2π
3 F (t) = sen 4t + t4 + e 3t e −3t sen 2t
7 F (t) =
t
4 F (t) = t3 e 5t
8 F (t) = t 3 cos t
t, t < 2
5 F (t) =
2, t > 2
[default]
Activities
Activities
Second Exercise
Demostrar que:
6as 2 − 2a3
1 L{t 2 sen at} =
(s 2 + a2 )3
3
sen t 3 1 1 3
2 L{ } = arctan − arctan
t 4 s 4 2
[default]
Activities
Theorem 3.
Sea F : [0, +∞⟩ −→ R una función contı́nua y que la función
entonces L{F ′ (t)} = sL{F (t)} − F (0+ ) donde F (0+ ) = lim+ F (t).
t→0
Demostration
Por hipótesis F ′ es función de clase A en [0, +∞⟩, entonces existe
Activities
Theorem 4.
Sea F ′ : [0, +∞⟩ −→ R una función contı́nua y que la función
Activities
Theorem 5.
Sea F : [0, +∞⟩ −→ R una función contı́nua por tramos y de
Activities
Activities
Firsts Exercises
Hallar la Transformada de Laplace de las siguientes funciones:
t
d d2
Z
1 F (t) = te t (sen 2t) 5 F (t) = t −t cos 3tdt
dtZ dt 2 0
t
2 F (t) = e −3t t cos 4tdt 6 F (t) =
Z t t0 Z t
e − cos 2t d
3 F (t) = dt te t t (e 2t sen t)dt.
0Z t 0 dt
t
4 F (t) = t te −3t sen 2tdt
0
[default]
Activities
Resolution
d
1 L{te t (sen 2t)} =?
dt
2
L{sen 2t} = 2
s +4
d 2 2s
L{ (sen 2t)} = s · 2 − sen 2(0) = 2
dt s +4 s +4
d d 2s h 2
(s + 4) − s(2s) i
L{t (sen 2t)} = − = −2
dt ds s 2 + 4 (s 2 + 4)2
2
2s − 8
= 2
(s + 4)2
d 2(s − 1)2 − 8 2s 2 4s − 6
L{e t t (sen 2t)} = = ■
dt [(s − 1)2 + 4]2 (s 2 − 2s + 5)2
[default]
Activities
Z t
2 L{e −3t t cos 4tdt} =?
0
s
L{cos 4t} =
+ 16 s2
d s h (s 2 + 16) − s(2s) i
L{t cos 4t} = = −
ds s 2 + 16 (s 2 + 16)2
s 2 − 16
= 2
(s + 16)2
Z t
1 s 2 − 16 s 2 − 16
L{ u cos 4u du} = · 2 =
0 s (s + 16)2 s(s 2 + 16)2
Z t
(s + 3)2 − 16
L{e −3 u cos 4u du} =
0 (s + 3)[(s + 3)2 + 16)]2
s 2 + 6s − 7
= ■
(s + 3)(s 2 + 6s + 25)2
[default]
Activities
t
e t − cos 2t
Z
3 L{ dt} =?
0 t
1 s
L{e t − cos 2t} = L{e t } − L{cos 2t} = − 2
s −1 s +4
t Z +∞
e − cos 2t 1 u
L{ }= − 2 du
t s u−1 u +4
h 1 i+∞ h √ i+∞
= ln |u − 1| − ln |u 2 + 4| = ln |u − 1| − ln u 2 + 4
2 s s
h |u − 1| i+∞ h |1 − 1/u| i+∞
= ln √ = ln p
u2 + 4 s 1+√ 4/u
2 s
s 2
s +4
= ln(1) − ln √ = ln
2
s +4 s
Z t t √
e − cos 2t 1 2
s + 4
L{ dt} = ln ■
0 t s s
[default]
Activities
Theorem 6.
Sea F : [0, +∞⟩ −→ R una función contı́nua por tramos y de orden
Z +∞
exponencial. Además si L{F (t)} = e −st F (t)dt = f (s),
Z +∞ 0
[default]
Activities
Examples
[default]
Activities
Resolution
∞
e −t − e −3t
Z
1 dt =?
0 t
1 1
L{e −t − e −3t } = L{e −t } − L{e −3t } = − = f1 (s)
s +1 s +3
e −t − e −3t
Z +∞ h
1 1 i
L{ }= − du
t s u+1 u+3
h i+∞ u + 1 .+∞
= ln |u + 1| − ln |u + 3| = ln
u+3 s
s
1 + 1/u .+∞ s + 1
= ln = ln |1| − ln
1 + 3/u s s +3
[default]
Activities
e −t − e −3t s + 3
L{ } = ln
t s +1
Z +∞ e −t − e −3t s + 3
e −st dt = ln
t s +1
0
Z +∞ e −t − e −3t s + 3
lim e −st dt = lim ln
t s +1
s−→0 0 s−→0
∞
e −t − e −3t
Z
dt = ln 3
0 t
[default]
Activities
Resolution
Z +∞
2 t 2 e −2t sen t dt =?
0
1
L{sen t} =
s2 + 1
d2 1 d h −2s i
L{t 2 sen t} = (−1)2 =
ds 2 s 2 + 1 ds (s 2 + 1)2
h (s 2 + 1)2 − s2(s 2 + 1)(2s) i 6s 2 − 2
= −2 =
(s 2 + 1)4 (s 2 + 1)3
Activities
Levantando el lı́mite
Z +∞
6 · 22 − 2
e −2t (t 2 sen t)dt = 2
0 (2 + 1)3
Finalmente,
Z +∞
22
e −2t t 2 sen t dt =
0 125
[default]
Activities
[default]
Activities
[default]