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Revista de Psicología Clínica y Consultoría, Vol 81 (5), Oct 2013, 800-809. doi: 10.1037/a0032469
Abstracto Objetivo: La investigación anterior ha encontrado que los mensajes para dejar de fumar
pueden ser diseñados para aparecer como medida (medida con placebo) y el resultado en los
resultados superiores en comparación con mensajes estándar. En el presente estudio, se intentó
(a) para probar la eficacia de la sastrería placebo para el abandono del hábito de fumar y (b) a
examinar la influencia del estilo de procesamiento cognitivo. Método: En un estudio controlado de
2 brazos aleatorizado, 424 fumadores (M = 19,66 cigarrillos al día) de la comunidad (mujeres 57%,
30% caucásicos, 40% afroamericanos, 29% hispanos, con una edad media = 42 años) fueron
aleatoriamente asignados a recibir placebo 4 folletos personalizados o 4 folletos estándar de 3
meses. Los participantes completaron una medida del estilo de procesamiento cognitivo
sistemático contra heurística al inicio del estudio. El resultado primario fue de 7 días prevalencia
puntual de abstinencia (ppa). Veintiocho días de abstinencia continua, evaluación de contenidos, y
la disposición para dejar de fumar fueron los resultados secundarios. La hipótesis de que la
sastrería placebo sería superior a los materiales estándar y que el efecto será moderado por el
estilo de procesamiento cognitivo (sistemática y heurística). Resultados: Como era de esperar, la
adaptación con placebo llevado a una mayor 7-días ppa a los 3 meses y una mayor abstinencia
continua de 28 días a 6 meses. Estilo de procesamiento cognitivo moderado el efecto sobre 7-días
ppa, de tal manera que los folletos placebo y personalizable producen mayor cesación entre los
participantes con tendencias heurísticos de procesamiento de información. Conclusiones: Los
resultados apoyan el papel causal de la sastrería placebo para dejar de fumar a corto plazo, sobre
todo para las personas que procesan la información usando estrategias heurísticas. Se discuten las
implicaciones para las intervenciones a medida. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, todos
los derechos reservados)
CITATION
Database: PsycARTICLES
[ Journal Article ]
The effect of placebo tailoring on smoking cessation: A randomized controlled trial.
Webb Hooper, Monica; Rodríguez de Ybarra, Denise; Baker, Elizabeth A.
Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, Vol 81(5), Oct 2013, 800-809. doi:10.1037/a0032469
ABSTRACT
1. Objective: Previous research has found that smoking cessation messages can be designed to appear as tailored
(placebo tailored) and result in superior outcomes compared to standard messages. In the current study, we aimed (a) to
test the efficacy of placebo tailoring for smoking cessation and (b) to examine the influence of cognitive processing style.
Method: In a 2-arm randomized controlled trial, 424 smokers (M = 19.66 cigarettes per day) from the community (57%
female, 30% Caucasian, 40% African American, 29% Hispanic; mean age = 42 years) were randomly assigned to receive 4
placebo-tailored booklets or 4 standard booklets over 3 months. Participants completed a measure of systematic versus
heuristic cognitive processing style at baseline. The primary outcome was 7-day point prevalence abstinence (ppa). Twenty-
eight-day continuous abstinence, content evaluations, and readiness to quit were secondary outcomes. We hypothesized
that placebo tailoring would be superior to standard materials and that the effect would be moderated by cognitive
processing style (systematic and heuristic). Results: As expected, placebo tailoring led to greater 7-day ppa at 3 months and
greater 28-day continuous abstinence at 6 months. Cognitive processing style moderated the effect on 7-day ppa, such that
the placebo-tailored booklets produced greater cessation among participants with heuristic information processing
tendencies. Conclusions: Findings support a causal role of placebo tailoring for short-term smoking cessation, particularly for
individuals who process information using heuristic strategies. Implications for tailored interventions are discussed.
(PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved)
Beber alcohol y los problemas relacionados con planificados: Una prueba preliminar del modelo de
conducta de consumo no planificado.
Psicología de las Conductas Adictivas, Vol. 27 (3), Sep 2013, 584-595. doi: 10.1037/a0030901
abstracto
[Aviso Corrección: Un Errata para este artículo fue reportado en el Vol. 27 (3) de la Psicología de
Conductas Adictivas (véase el acta 2013-33297-001). Se produjo un error en la Tabla 4. La
correlación entre la alternativa de bebida y género fue dado como 0.22, pero debería haber sido
0,22.] Muchas investigaciones enlaces impulsividad con el consumo de alcohol y los problemas. En
2 estudios, beber no planificado (o impulsivo) se evalúa directamente para determinar si tiene
efectos directos sobre el consumo de alcohol y los problemas relacionados con el alcohol. En el
Estudio 1, examinamos si la bebida no planificada sirve como un mediador proximal de los efectos
de los rasgos de impulsividad-como en los resultados relacionados con el alcohol. Con una
muestra de 211 estudiantes universitarios, los bebedores, se encontró que la escala de bebida no
planificado fue significativamente relacionado con el consumo de alcohol, y quizás más
importante, tuvo un efecto directo sobre los problemas relacionados con el alcohol, incluso
después de controlar la frecuencia y cantidad de consumo de alcohol. Además, beber no
planificado mediado parcialmente los efectos negativos de la urgencia de los problemas
relacionados con el alcohol. En el Estudio 2, se examinó si las cuentas potable planificados para
una variación única en los resultados relacionados con el alcohol cuando se controla por el uso de
estrategias de comportamiento de protección. Con una muestra de 170 estudiantes universitarios,
que replicaron los hallazgos del Estudio 1, en que la escala no planificada potable tiene un efecto
directo significativo sobre los problemas relacionados con el alcohol, incluso después de controlar
el consumo de alcohol, este efecto se mantuvo cuando se controla por el uso de estrategias de
comportamiento de protección . Las limitaciones incluyen las muestras modestas dimensiones y el
diseño de la sección transversal. Se proponen orientaciones futuras para probar el modelo de
conducta de consumo no planificado. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, todos los derechos
reservados).
Unplanned drinking and alcohol-related problems: A preliminary test of the model of unplanned drinking behavior.
Pearson, Matthew R.; Henson, James M.
Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, Vol 27(3), Sep 2013, 584-595. doi: 10.1037/a0030901
A B S T R A C T [Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported in Vol 27(3) of Psychology of Addictive
Behaviors (see record 2013-33297-001). There was an error in Table 4. The correlation between the Alternative to Drinking
and Gender was given as .22, but should have been .22.] Much research links impulsivity with alcohol use and problems. In
2 studies, unplanned (or impulsive) drinking is assessed directly to determine whether it has direct effects on alcohol use
and alcohol-related problems. In Study 1, we examined whether unplanned drinking serves as a proximal mediator of the
effects of impulsivity-like traits on alcohol-related outcomes. With a sample of 211 college student drinkers, we found that
the Unplanned Drinking Scale was significantly related to alcohol use, and perhaps more important, had a direct effect on
alcohol-related problems even after controlling for frequency and quantity of alcohol use. Furthermore, unplanned drinking
partially mediated the effects of negative urgency on alcohol-related problems. In Study 2, we examined whether unplanned
drinking accounts for unique variance in alcohol-related outcomes when controlling for use of protective behavioral
strategies. With a sample of 170 college students, we replicated the findings of Study 1 in that the Unplanned Drinking
Scale had a significant direct effect on alcohol-related problems even after controlling for alcohol use; this effect was
maintained when controlling for use of protective behavioral strategies. Limitations include the modest sample sizes and the
cross-sectional design. Future directions for testing the Model of Unplanned Drinking Behavior are proposed. (PsycINFO
Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved)
citación
[Artículo de revista]
Behavioral Neuroscience, Vol. 127 (2), abril 2013, 303-310. doi: 10.1037/a0031913
abstracto
CITATION
Database: PsycARTICLES
[ Journal Article ]
The effects of acute nicotine, chronic nicotine, and withdrawal from chronic nicotine on performance of a cued appetitive
response.
Leach, Prescott T.; Cordero, Kristy A.; Gould, Thomas J.
Behavioral Neuroscience, Vol 127(2), Apr 2013, 303-310. doi: 10.1037/a0031913
ABSTRACT
1. Nicotine is a widely used addictive drug, with an estimated 73 million Americans 12 years of age or older having
used a tobacco product in the last month, despite documented risks to personal health. Nicotine alters cognitive processes,
which include effects on attention and impulsivity, a mechanism that may contribute to the addictive properties of the drug.
Individuals with a variety of psychological disorders ranging from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to
schizophrenia smoke at a higher rate than the rest of the population and show deficits in impulse control. The present
studies evaluated the effects of acute, chronic, and withdrawal from chronic nicotine on an operant task that measured
premature and signaled nose pokes, as well as performance efficiency in C57BL/6J mice. Results indicate that acute
nicotine (0.09 mg/kg intraperitoneally) does not alter the acquisition of the task, but does significantly increase performance
efficiency once the behavior has been learned. In contrast, chronic nicotine (0, 6.3, 12.6, and 36 mg/kg/day subcutaneously)
and withdrawal from chronic nicotine had no effect on performance efficiency. These results suggest that initial nicotine use
may have beneficial effects on inhibitory control, but these effects are not maintained with chronic nicotine consumption as
tolerance develops. The findings may provide an explanation for higher rates of smoking in patients with impulse control
issues, as the smoking may represent an initial attempt at self-medication. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all
rights reserved)
citación
[Artículo de revista]
¿Qué beben los estudiantes universitarios quieren saber? Percepciones de los estudiantes de
retroalimentación relacionados con el alcohol.
Psicología de las Conductas Adictivas, Vol. 27 (1), marzo 2013, 214-222. doi: 10.1037/a0031380
abstracto
ABSTRACT
1. Despite major advances and success in finding effective interventions for problematic drinking among college
students, personalized feedback interventions (PFIs) continue to include a range of components that vary widely across
intervention trials. To facilitate research regarding which feedback components may be most effective, the present research
provides preliminary evidence regarding student perceptions of and preferences for different types of feedback components.
Undergraduate student drinkers (n = 397, 41% male) rated their affinity for and skepticism of 14 feedback components and
identified the feedback components that they most preferred. The majority of students preferred information regarding
descriptive normative comparisons and the practical costs of drinking, whereas few reported a desire to learn behavioral
strategies to limit risk or didactic information. High-risk drinkers (n = 228) reported lower ratings for all feedback components
than did low-risk drinkers, and men (n = 162, 41%) provided significantly lower ratings for all feedback components than did
women. This is the first study to document student preferences for the different feedback components included in PFIs. The
current study generates hypotheses regarding components that may increase the efficacy of current feedback interventions
for high-risk drinking. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved)