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Fotosíntesis en la naturaleza:
¿De dónde provienen los compuestos orgánicos utilizados por los organismos?
(a) Plants
Elysia chlorotica
¿En dónde ocurre la fotosíntesis?
Estoma
(Guard cells)
Células del
mesófilo
Estomas
Mesophyll
Guard cells
Stomata
CO2 O2
Chloroplast
Mesophyll cell
Outer
membrane
Thylakoid
Intermembrane 5 µm
Stroma Thylakoid space
Granum
space
Inner
membrane
1 µm
Membranas fotosintéticas en bacterias
Resumen de la fotosíntesis
Experimento 2:
H2O CO2
Resumen de la fotosíntesis
Light
Fotólisis
NADP+
estroma
ADP
+ P
i
Calvin
Light Cycle
Reactions
ATP
NADPH
tilacoides
Chloroplast
O2 [CH2O]
(sugar)
Propiedades de la luz:
Absorbed Granum
light
Transmitted
light
Pigmentos fotosintéticos
Pigmentos en el cloroplasto:
Clorofila a
Clorofila b
Carotenoides (anaranjado)
Xantófilos (amarillo)
Otros pigmentos
Ficobilinas (cianobacterias)
CH3 in chlorophyll a
CHO in chlorophyll b
Porphyrin ring:
light-absorbing
“head” of molecule;
note magnesium
atom at center
Hydrocarbon tail:
interacts with hydrophobic
regions of proteins inside
thylakoid membranes of
chloroplasts; H atoms not
shown
Ruta cíclica: genera ATP
Rubisco
3 P P
Short-lived
intermediate
3P P 6 P
Ribulose bisphosphate 3-Phosphoglycerate
(RuBP) 6 ATP
6 ADP
3 ADP Calvin
Cycle
6 P P
3 ATP
1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate
6 NADPH
Phase 3:
Regeneration of 6 NADP+
the CO2 acceptor 6 Pi
(RuBP)
5 P
G3P
6 P
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Phase 2:
(G3P) Reduction
1 P Glucose and
Output G3P other organic
(a sugar) compounds
Adaptaciones
Fig. 10-19
C4 leaf anatomy
Mesophyll cell
Photosynthetic
cells of C4 Bundle-
plant leaf sheath
cell
Vein
(vascular tissue)
Stoma
Fig. 10-20
Sugarcane Pineapple
C4 CAM
CO2 CO2
Mesophyll 1 CO2 incorporated Night
cell Organic acid into four-carbon Organic acid
organic acids
(carbon fixation)
Sugar Sugar
Photosystem STROMA
Photon
Light-harvesting Reaction-center Primary
complexes complex electron
acceptor
Thylakoid membrane
e–
Primary
Primary 4 acceptor 7
acceptor Fd
Pq e–
2 e– 8
H2O e– e– NADP+
Cytochrome
2 H+ NADP+ + H+
complex
+ reductase
1/ O 3 NADPH
2 2
Pc
e–
e– P700
P680 5 Light
1 Light 6
ATP
Pigment
molecules
Photosystem I
(PS I)
Photosystem II
(PS II)