Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
V BJNRH NEBCHNE@
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[YJRJN]EBCÒN
Elrhpjbuerch, Cnmustrce`, Bh
Bhdjrbce`,
djrbce`, mj Rjrvcbchs,
Rjrvcbchs, jn
jntrj
trj htrhs.
Jn Bjnsh Nebchne` Jbhnòdcbh, js `e fujntj mj cnfhrdebcòn dås bhdp`jte j cdphrtentj shirj
`e jstrubture jbhnòdcbe mj` peäs. [jrdctcrå, jntrj htrhs, `e ebtue`czebcòn mj `hs mcrjbthrchs mj
`es uncmemjs jbhnòdcbes mj` peäs, jn ncvj`js ph`ätcbhs emdcncstretcvhs, bhdh1 mjpertedjnth,
prhvcnbce y mcstrcth.
@e E`te Mcrjbbcòn mj` Cnstctuth Nebchne` mj Jstemästcbe j Cnfhrdåtcbe (CNJC) jxprjse su entj`emh
rjbhnhbcdcjnth e `hs/es Jdpemrhnemhrjs/es phr `e `eihr quj mjserrh``erån jn j` V Bjnsh
Nebchne` Jbhnòdcbh.
2
V Bjnsh Nebchne` Jbhnòdcbh 9;53 ‒ 9;9;1 Denue` mj`/ mj `e Jdpemrhnemhr/e
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2.9 EB]CVCMEM JBHNÒDCBE [YCNBC[E@ .......................................................................................... 92
2.2 BE]JLHYÄE MJ@ JR]EI@JBCDCJN]H ................................................................
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2.= BJNRH ........................................................................................................................................... 92
2.: BJNRH JBHNÒDCBH .................................................................................................................... 92
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2.5; JD[EMYHNEDCJN]H MJ JR]EI@JBCDCJN]HR ...................................................................... 9=
2.55 JD[YJRE ..................................................................................................................................... 9=
2.59 JNBZJR]E JBHNÒDCBE ............................................................................................................
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2.52 JR]EI@JBCDCJN]H .................................................................................................................... 9=
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2.5: @HBE@ [ÑI@CBH .......................................................................................................................... 9:
2.56 HYLENCQEBCÒN AZYÄMCBE ......................................................................................................... 9:
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2.57 [JYRHNE@ HBZ[EMH
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2.9; YÃLCDJN ]YCIZ]EYCH ............................................................................................................... 9:
2.95 YJLCR]YH ÑNCBH MJ@ BHN]YCIZSJN]J................................................................................
BHN]YCIZSJN]J................................................................................ 9:
2.99 RJYVCBCH [YJR]EMH.................................................................................................................
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2.92 ]JNJNBCE MJ@ @HBE@ @H BE@.................................................................
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2.9: ZICBEBCÒN LJHLYÅFCBE ..........................................................................................................
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2.96 VJN]E .......................................................................................................................................... 96
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CV. BEYEB]JYÄR]CBER ]ÃBNCBER .......................................................................................................
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=.=.5 JD[EMYHNEDCJN]H NEBCHNE@ MJ JR]EI@JBCDCJN]HR ............................................... 2;
=.=.9 JNBZJR]E JBHNÒDCBE NEBCHNE@ MJ JD[YJRER .......................................................... 22;;
=.: CNFHYDEN]J ................................................................................................................................. 2;
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=.3 BHIJY]ZYE JBHNÒDCBE ........................................................................................................... 29
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WC. JD[EMYHNEDCJN]H
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55.5 MJFCNCBCHNJR [EYE J@ JD[EMYHNEDCJN]H...................................................................
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55.9 CNR]YZBBCHNJR [EYE J@ JD[EMYHNEDCJN]H MJ JR]EI@JBCDCJN]HR ................... 565
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BEY]HLYÅFCB E S JD[EMYHNEDCJN]H
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ENJWHR.........................................................
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Jstcdemh/e Jdpemrhnemhr/e
u pertcbcpebcòn jn j` V Bjnsh Nebchne` Jbhnòdcbh 9;53-9;9; sjrå une terje
cdphrtentj pere j` mjserrh``h mj tu fhrdebcòn prhfjschne`, jn te` sjntcmh j` Cnstctuth
V Bjnsh Nebchne` Jbhnòdcbh 9;53 ‒
9;53 ‒ 9;9;1
9;9;1 Denue` mj`/ mj `e Jdpemrhnemhr/e
5
9
V Bjnsh Nebchne` Jbhnòdcbh 9;53 ‒
9;53 ‒ 9;9;1
9;9;1 Denue` mj`/ mj `e Jdpemrhnemhr/e
¸UZCÃNJR RHDHR8
Rhdhs `e cnstctubcòn pñi`cbe dås cdphrtentj mj` peäs jn `h` h quj rjspjbte e `e
ljnjrebcòn y mcfuscòn mj cnfhrdebcòn jstemästcbe hfcbce` quj pjrdctj bhnhbjr,
bh nhbjr,
ene`czer y prhphnjr bedichs jn nujstre shbcjmem, e trevãs mj ph`ätcbes
pñi`cbes mjstcnemes e fevhrjbjr e `es phi`ebchnjs dås vu`njrei`js.
v u`njrei`js. Mj jste
fhrde bhntrciucdhs e` mjserrh``h shstjncmh mj nujstrh peäs.
NZJR]YE DCRCÒN
[rhmubcr y mcfunmcr `e cnfhrdebcòn jstemästcbe hfcbce` quj j` peäs njbjscte, bhn
be`cmem, hphrtuncmem y bhijrture rjqujrcme, bhn j` prhpòscth mj bhntrciucr e`
mcsjõh, dhncthrjh y jve`uebcòn mj ph`ätcbes pñi`cbes y e` prhbjsh mj thde
mj mjbcschnjs mj `hs eljntjs shbchjbhnòdcbhs, j` sjbthr pñi`cbh y `e
bhduncmem jn ljnjre`.
NZJR]YE VCRCÒN
Rhdhs un hrlencsdh `ämjr e ncvj` nebchne` j cntjrnebchne`, quj utc`cze `hs
dås e`ths jstånmerjs djthmh`òlcbhs y tjbnh`òlcbhs pere `e prhmubbcòn y
mcfuscòn mj jstemästcbes hfcbce`js quj bhntrciuyen jfcbezdjntj jn j` mcsjõh
mj ph`ätcbes pñi`cbes mcrclcmes e prhdhvjr j` mjserrh``h mj` peäs.
E]JNBCHN E RZR
NJBJRCMEMJR
BHD[YHDCRH CD[EYBCE@CMEM S
BHN J@ HIAJ]CVCMEM
ZRZEYCH CN]JLYCMEM [YHFJRCHNE@
]YENR[EYJNBCE JUZCMEM S
H[HY]ZNCMEM
BH
BHHY
HYMC
MCNE
NEBC
BC N S
BHH[JYEBCÒN
NH MZ[@CBCMEM
BHD[YHDCRH
BHN @E
E]JNBCÒN MJDENME JFCBCJNBCE
[YCHYC]EYCE
BEYLE [YH[HYBCHNE@
E @ER FZJN]JR DJAHYEDCJN]H BHN]CNZH
CNNHVEBCÒN DJ]HMH@ÒLCBE
BHD[YHDCRH
BHN @E BE[EBCMEM ENÅ@C]CBE
BE@CMEM ]JBNCBE S [YHFJRCHNE@
YJVCRCÒN [JYDENJN]J MJ
@HR [YHBJRHR
V Bjnsh Nebchne` Jbhnòdcbh 9;53 ‒
9;53 ‒ 9;9;1
9;9;1 Denue` mj`/ mj `e Jdpemrhnemhr/e
55
59
V Bjnsh Nebchne` Jbhnòdcbh 9;53 ‒
9;53 ‒ 9;9;1
9;9;1 Denue` mj`/ mj `e Jdpemrhnemhr/e
V Bjnsh Nebchne` Jbhnòdcbh 9;53 ‒
9;53 ‒ 9;9;1
9;9;1 Denue` mj`/ mj `e Jdpemrhnemhr/e
52
5.5 LJNJYE@JR
Hitjnjr cnfhrdebcòn jstemästcbe iåscbe quj pjrdcte berebtjrczer `e jstrubture jbhnòdcbe mj` peäs,
pere j` p`enjedcjnth y fhrdu`ebcòn mj ph`ätcbes mj mjserrh``h jbhnòdcbh y shbce`.
J`eihrer un derbh jstemästcbh, quj scrve mj iesj pere j` mcsjõh mj dujstres mj jdprjses y
jstei`jbcdcjnths, quj pjrdcten `e rje`czebcòn mj jnbujstes jbhnòdcbes bhntcnues.
5.9 JR[JBÄFCBHR
Hitjnjr cnfhrdebcòn jbhnòdcbe iåscbe pere j` sjbthr pñi`cbh? esä bhdh j` prcvemh pere rje`czer
jstumchs mj beråbtjr shbchjbhnòdcbh.
Hitjnjr cnfhrdebcòn jstemästcbe pere j` bedich mj eõh iesj mj `es Bujntes Nebchne`js.
V Bjnsh Nebchne` Jbhnòdcbh 9;53 ‒
9;53 ‒ 9;9;1
9;9;1 Denue` mj`/ mj `e Jdpemrhnemhr/e
5:
56
V Bjnsh Nebchne` Jbhnòdcbh 9;53 ‒
9;53 ‒ 9;9;1
9;9;1 Denue` mj`/ mj `e Jdpemrhnemhr/e
V Bjnsh Nebchne` Jbhnòdcbh 9;53 ‒
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9;9;1 Denue` mj`/ mj `e Jdpemrhnemhr/e
5<
J` V Bjnsh Nebchne` Jbhnòdcbh (V BJNJB), e jajbutersj jn `hs eõhs 9;53-9;9;, sj sustjnterå jn `hs
sclucjntjs mcsphsctcvhs `jle`js1
@e @jy N± 529=7 "@jy Hrlåncbe mj `hs Bjnshs jn j` [jrñ" , pui`cbeme jn j` mcerch hfcbce` J`
[jruenh jn elhsth mj 53:3. Jste nhrde mcsphnj
mcs phnj quj, e pertcr mj 536;, `hs Bjnshs
Bjns hs Nebchne`js mj
[hi`ebcòn y Vcvcjnme, mjijrån `jventersj beme 5; eõhs y `hs Bjnshs Jbhnòdcbhs, Elrhpjbuerchs,
mj Cnmustrce, Bhdjrbce` y mj Rjrvcbchs, jntrj htrhs, beme : eõhs. Jn j` peäs, mjspuãs mj 55 eõhs,
sj jajbuterå j` V Bjnsh Nebchne` Jbhnòdcbh.
V Bjnsh Nebchne` Jbhnòdcbh 9;53 ‒
9;53 ‒ 9;9;1
9;9;1 Denue` mj`/ mj `e Jdpemrhnemhr/e
53
V Bjnsh Nebchne` Jbhnòdcbh 9;53 ‒
9;53 ‒ 9;9;1
9;9;1 Denue` mj`/ mj `e Jdpemrhnemhr/e
95
Js un bhnaunth mj hpjrebchnjs jbhnòdcbes rje`czemes phr `e jdprjse y/h jstei`jbcdcjnth, jn `es quj
sj bhdicnen rjburshs quj cntjrvcjnjn jn j` prhbjsh prhmubtcvh te`js bhdh1 denh mj hire, jqucphs,
detjrces prcdes, j cnsudhs, bhn j` hiajtcvh mj prhmubcr un bhnaunth ghdhlãnjh mj icjnjs y/h sjrvcbchs.
Jn jstj bhntjxth, j` bhnaunth ghdhlãnjh mj icjnjs y sjrvcbchs pjrtjnjbjn e une dcsde betjlhräe
jbhnòdcbe, buye prhmubbcòn js berebtjrästcbe mj une b`esj mj `e b`escfcbebcòn mj ebtcvcmemjs
jbhnòdcbes.
Js `e ebtcvcmem jbhnòdcbe quj sj rje`cze mjntrh mj une dcsde uncmem mj prhmubbcòn y buyh ve`hr
elrjlemh js deyhr h supjre e` quj sj ljnjre
ljn jre jn bue`qucjr htre ebtcvcmem quj sj jajbutj jn jse dcsde
uncmem jbhnòdcbe. @e mjtjrdcnebcòn mj `e ebtcvcmem jbhnòdcbe prcnbcpe` sj rje`czerå e pertcr mj `e
cmjntcfcbebcòn mj `e ebtcvcmem jbhnòdcbe quj ljnjre deyhrjs cnlrjshs.
2.= BJNRH
2.6 B@ERCFCBEB
B@ERCFCBEBCÒN
CÒN CNMZR]YCE@ CN]JYNEBCHNE@
CN]JYNEBCHNE@ ZNCFHYDJ (BCCZ)
Js `e rj`ebcòn quj prjsjnte cnfhrdebcòn shirj `hs jstei`jbcdcjnths quj jxcstjn jn une mjtjrdcneme
uicbebcòn ljhlråfcbe y quj mjserrh``en ebtcvcmemjs jbhnòdcbes. Ljnjre`djntj bhntcjnj
berebtjrästcbes bhdh1 rezòn shbce`, nhdirj bhdjrbce`, ebtcvcmem jbhnòdcbe, hrlenczebcòn aurämcbe,
mcrjbbcòn, pjrshne` hbupemh, jntrj htres.
2.7 JMCFCBEBCÒN
[jrähmh jn j` quj sj dcmj `e ebtcvcmem fcnenbcjre y jbhnòdcbe mj une jdprjse, j` dcsdh quj pere
jfjbths `jle`js, js ljnjre`djntj un eõh be`jnmerch. Bhdprjnmj `es ebtcvcmemjs rje`czemes mjsmj j`
;5 mj jnjrh e` 25 mj mcbcjdirj.
2.5; JD[EMYHNE
JD[EMYHNEDCJN]H
DCJN]H MJ JR]EI@JBCDCJN]HR
JR]EI@JBCDCJN]HR
Jste ebtcvcmem bhnscstj jn `e rjbhpc`ebcòn mj cnfhrdebcòn bhn `es prcnbcpe`js berebtjrästcbes shirj `hs
jstei`jbcdcjnths h uncmemjs jbhnòdcbes buye fcne`cmem js prhmubcr icjnjs, bhdpre y vjnte mj
djrbemjräes y prjstebcòn mj sjrvcbchs uicbemhs mjntrh mj` erje uriene.
2.55 JD[YJRE
Js `e uncmem jbhnòdcbe quj, jn une sh`e uicbebcòn fäscbe, esjnteme jn un `uler mj denjre pjrdenjntj
y mj`cdcteme phr bhnstrubbchnjs h cnste`ebchnjs fcaes, bhdicne ebbchnjs y rjburshs ieah `e mcrjbbcòn mj
une sh`e jntcmem prhpcjterce h bhntrh`emhre, pere rje`czer ebtcvcmemjs mj prhmubbcòn mj icjnjs, h
bhdpre-vjnte mj djrbenbäes h prjstebcòn mj sjrvcbchs, sje bhn fcnjs mj `ubrh h nh.
9=
V Bjnsh Nebchne` Jbhnòdcbh 9;53 ‒
9;53 ‒ 9;9;1
9;9;1 Denue` mj`/ mj `e Jdpemrhnemhr/e
Js `e fhrde `jle` quj thde `e jdprjse pere su funbchnedcjnth, bhnfhrdj bhn `es `jyjs pjruenes, mj
ebujrmh bhn su bhnstctubcòn djrbentc`.
2.5< [JYRHNE@ HBZ[EMH
Js thmh icjn mjstcnemh pere `e bhdpre y vjnte jn j` djrbemh. Ru prcnbcpe` berebtjrästcbe js quj, pere
sjr vjnmcmh h bhdpremh, nh geye scmh hiajth mj trensfhrdebcòn.
Rhn equj``hs prhmubths hitjncmhs mj une bhdicnebcòn mj febthrjs mj prhmubbcòn bhdh detjrce prcde,
cnsudhs, tãbncbes mj feircbebcòn y denh mj hire. Js mjbcr, entjs mj sjr hfrjbcmhs e` pñi`cbh, pesen
phr un prhbjsh mj trensfhrdebcòn.
Rhn `es betjlhräes ieah `es bue`js une [jrshne Neture` h [jrshne Aurämcbe cncbce h tcjnj un njlhbch
rjlcstremh jn RZNE].
J` rãlcdjn trciuterch jstei`jbj `e denjre jn `e quj sj pelen `hs cdpujsths y `hs ncvj`js mj pelhs mj
jsths. Rj pujmj hpter phr unh u htrh rãlcdjn mjpjnmcjnmh mj` tcph y j` tedeõh mj` njlhbch.
2.95 YJLCR]YH ÑNCBH MJ@ BHN]YCIZSJN]J
Rj rjfcjrj e` bòmclh mj cmjntcfcbebcòn quj tcjnjn thmes `es pjrshnes neture`js h aurämcbes quj sj gen
rjlcstremh jn `e Rupjrcntjnmjnbce Nebchne` mj Emuenes y mj Emdcncstrebcòn ]rciuterce (RZNE]), j`
nñdjrh mj YZB js ñncbh y bhnste mj 55 mälcths.
Js cdphrtentj cnmcber quj, pere `es pjrshnes neture`js,
netu re`js, j` nñdjrh mj YZB jdpcjze bhn `hs mälc
mälcths
ths 5;,
5: y 5<, y pere `es pjrshnes aurcmcbes jdpcjze bhn `hs mälcths
mälcths 9;.
Rj
tcphrjfcjrj e `e pjrtjnjnbce
mj tjnjnbce h prhbjmjnbce
(bjmcmh, cnvemcmh, mj` `hbe`
eprhpcemh, jntrjmjhtrhs).
`e jdprjse. [ujmj sjr prhpch h e`quc`emh u htrh
Rj rjfcjrj e `e uicbebcòn mj zhne y denzene bjnse`, mj ebujrmh bhn `hs p`enhs berthlråfcbhs mj` CNJC.
]edicãn, jstå rjfjrcme e` nñdjrh mj frjntj mj `e denzene y e`
e ` nñdjrh mj` Årje mj Jdpemrhnedcjnth
Bjnse`.
2.9: ZICBEBCÒN LJHLYÅFCBE
]rensebbcòn phr `e bue` une pjrshne (vjnmjmhr) sj bhdprhdjtj e jntrjler un icjn h prjster un sjrvcbch
e htre (bhdpremhr) phr j` quj sj hi`cle e peler j` prjbch bhnvjncmh.
Js j` dhnth dhnjterch thte` mj `es vjntes mj djrbemjräes, prhmubths tjrdcnemhs y/h sjrvcbchs
hitjncmhs mcrjbtedjntj phr `e jdprjse h j` jstei`jbcdcjnth murentj j` pjrchmh mj rjfjrjnbce.
96
V Bjnsh Nebchne` Jbhnòdcbh 9;53 ‒
9;53 ‒ 9;9;1
9;9;1 Denue` mj`/ mj `e Jdpemrhnemhr/e
Bhnstrucr j` derbh dujstre` ebtue`czemh mj jdprjses y jstei`jbcdcjnths pere sjr utc`czemh jn `hs
pjrchmhs cntjrbjnse`js, jn cnvjstclebchnjs jspjbce`czemes mj tcph jbhnòdcbh.
Yjbhpc`er cnfhrdebcòn shirj `es berebtjrästcbes mj `es uncmemjs jbhnòdcbes mj` peäs, bhdh1 j`
nñdjrh mj jdprjses y jstei`jbcdcjnths, `e bentcmem mj pjrshne` hbupemh, `es rjdunjrebchnjs,
vjntes, jlrjshs, ve`hr elrjlemh, y ebtcvhs fcahs. Jste cnfhrdebcòn sjrå b`escfcbeme phr ebtcvcmem
jbhnòdcbe y phr rjlcòn ljhlråfcbe.
Bhnstctucr `e fujntj mj cnfhrdebcòn dås bhdp`jte shirj `e jstrubture jbhnòdcbe mj` peäs.
Escdcsdh, prhphrbchner j` derbh rjfjrjnbce` pere phstjrchrjs jstumchs shirj espjbths jbhnòdcbhs
y phr ådicths ljhlråfcbhs bhdh mjpertedjnth, prhvcnbce y mcstrcth.
Rjrvcr mj fujntj mj cnfhrdebcòn pere `es Bujntes Nebchne`js e ncvj`
ncv j` nebchne` y mjpertedjnte`? esä
bhdh pere jve`uer `hs bedichs jn j` jdp`jh, jntrj htrhs espjbths mj` qujgebjr jbhnòdcbh mj`
peäs.
Js `e jntcmem mj `e bue` sj hitcjnj `e cnfhrdebcòn shirj `es trensebbchnjs mj icjnjs y/h sjrvcbchs
rj`ebchnemhs e `e prhmubbcòn, bhnsudh y fhrdebcòn mj bepcte`. @e uncmem jstemästcbe mj` V Bjnsh
Nebchne` Jbhnòdcbh sjrå j` Jstei`jbcdcjnth.
Jn j` besh mj `es jdprjses quj cncbcerhn sus hpjrebchnjs jn j` eõh 9;53, `e cnfhrdebcòn e
mc`cljnbcer bhrrjsphnmjrå e` pjrähmh mj tcjdph `eihremh jn j` besh mj `es sjbbchnjs mj
`hbe`czebcòn, cmjntcfcbebcòn y berebtjrästcbes mj` jstei`jbcdcjnth.
[ere `es jdprjses quj cncbcerån sus hpjrebchnjs
hp jrebchnjs jn j` eõh 9;9;, `e cnfhrdebcòn e mc`cljnbcer
bhrrjsphnmjrå e` pjrchmh mj tcjdph `eihremh jn j` besh mj `es sjbbchnjs mj `hbe`czebcòn,
cmjntcfcbebcòn y berebtjrästcbes mj` jstei`jbcdcjnth, jxbjpth `es vercei`js mj vjntes enue`js
y pjrshne` hbupemh.
prhpcjterch/e,
mjsclnj bhdhljrjntj, emdcncstremhr/e,
su rjprjsjntentj bhntemhr/e h `e pjrshne quj `e jdprjse h j` jstei`jbcdcjnth
h rjsphnsei`j.
=.6 BHIJY]ZYE LJHLYÅFCBE
J` V Bjnsh Nebchne` Jbhnòdcbh eierberå thme j` årje uriene mj` tjrrcthrch nebchne`? js mjbcr, mj `hs
9= mjpertedjnths y `e [rhvcnbce Bhnstctubchne` mj` Be``eh.
2;
V Bjnsh Nebchne` Jbhnòdcbh 9;53 ‒
9;53 ‒ 9;9;1
9;9;1 Denue` mj`/ mj `e Jdpemrhnemhr/e
JR]CDEMH/E
JD[EMYHNEMHY/E NHR
JNBHN]YEDHR JN JR]E FERJ
MJ@ V BJNRH NEBCHNE@
Meths mj `hbe`czebcòn mj `e uncmem jbhnòdcbe
Meths mj cmjntcfcbebcòn mj `e uncmem jbhnòdcbe
]cph mj `hbe` ([rcvemh / [ñi`cbh)
[jrchmh mj ebtcvcmemjs
Yjmjs shbce`js
Betjlhräe mj` jstei`jbcdcjnth
Hrlenczebcòn aurämcbe
Yãlcdjn trciuterch e` quj pjrtjnjbj `e jdprjse
Ebtcvcmem jbhnòdcbe prcnbcpe` mj` jstei`jbcdcjnth
[rcnbcpe` prhmubth feircbemh, bhdjrbce`czemh h sjrvcbch prjstemh
]cph mj ebtcvcmem jbhnòdcbe (Bhdjrbce`, [rhmubtcve, Rjrvcbch)
Vjntes enue`js
[jrshne` hbupemh
29
V Bjnsh Nebchne` Jbhnòdcbh 9;53 ‒
9;53 ‒ 9;9;1
9;9;1 Denue` mj`/ mj `e Jdpemrhnemhr/e
Ebtcvcmemjs cndhic`cerces
Ebtcvcmemjs prhfjschne`js, bcjntäfcbes y tãbncbes
Ebtcvcmemjs emdcncstretcves y sjrvcbchs mj ephyh
Jnsjõenze ([rcveme)
Ebtcvcmemjs mj etjnbcòn mj `e se`um gudene y mj escstjnbce shbce`
Ebtcvcmemjs ertästcbes, mj jntrjtjncdcjnth y rjbrjetcves
Htres ebtcvcmemjs mj sjrvcbchs
Nh sj cnvjstclerån `es ebtcvcmemjs jbhnòdcbes sclucjntjs1
Elrcbu`ture y Rc`vcbu`ture (elrcbu`ture, lenemjräe, beze, ebtcvcmemjs mj sjrvcbch
bhnjxes, sc`vcbu`ture y jxtrebbcòn mj demjre) phrquj shn cnvjstclemes e trevãs mj`
bjnsh mj uncmemjs elrhpjbuerces.
Emdcncstrebcòn pñi`cbe y mjfjnse? p`enjs mj sjlurcmem shbce` mj efc`cebcòn hi`clethrce,
phrquj sj mcsphnj mj rjlcstrhs emdcncstretcvhs buye cnfhrdebcòn sj hitcjnjn
mcrjbtedjntj mj `es prhpces jntcmemjs.
Ebtcvcmemjs mj `hs ghlerjs jn be`cmem mj jdp`jemhrjs, ebtcvcmemjs cnmcfjrjnbcemes mj
prhmubbcòn mj icjnjs y sjrvcbchs mj `hs ghlerjs pere ush prhpch.
Hrlenczebchnjs y òrlenhs jxtretjrrcthrce`js, phr su
s u neture`jze `e cnfhrdebcòn sj phmrå
hitjnjr e trevãs mj` Dcncstjrch mj Yj`ebchnjs Jxtjrchrjs.
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
5 @e cnfhrdebcòn mj `es jdprjses mj jstes ebtcvcmemjs sjrå hitjncme e trevãs mj `e Rupjrcntjnmjnbce mj Ienbe y
Rjlurhs
V. HYLENCQEBCÒN
HYLENCQEBCÒN MJ@ ]YEIEAH
]YEIE AH MJ BED[H
:.5 FZNBCHNE@
Bhhrmcnemhr/e
Mjpertedjnte`
Ajfj/e mj Ircleme
Jdpemrhnemhr/e
:.9.9 RZ[JYVCRHY/E
RZ[JYVCRHY/E NEBCHNE@
:.9.2 BHHYMCNEMHY/E
BHHYMCNEMHY/E MJ[EY]EDJN]E@
[jrshne rjsphnsei`j mj hrlenczer, mcrclcr, jajbuter y supjrvcser `es terjes mj` jdpemrhnedcjnth
jajbutemes phr j` pjrshne` e su berlh. Ru `eihr prcnbcpe` js `e mj dhncthrjer `e bhijrture
b hijrture y be`cmem
mj `e cnfhrdebcòn. Ajrårqucbedjntj, mjpjnmj mj`/`e Bhhrmcnemhr/e Mjpertedjnte`, jn prhdjmch
tcjnj e su berlh e trjs (2) Jdpemrhnemhrjs/es.
:.9.: JD[EMYHNEMHY/E
JD[EMYHNEMHY/E
V Bjnsh Nebchne` Jbhnòdcbh 9;53 ‒
9;53 ‒ 9;9;1
9;9;1 Denue` mj`/ mj `e Jdpemrhnemhr/e
27
:.2 HYLENCQEBCÒN
HYLENCQEBCÒN ]JYYC]HYCE@
:.2.9 IYCLEME
Js j` årje quj cntjlre `es Årjes mj Jdpemrhnedcjnth mj trjs (2)
jdpemrhnemhrjs/es jn prhdjmch.
:.2.2 YZ]E
Js j` bhnaunth mj Årjes mj Jdpemrhnedcjnth quj sj esclne e un/e Jdpemrhnemhr/e
bhdh berle mj treieah pere thmh j` [jrähmh mj Jdpemrhnedcjnth.
@es Årjes mj Jdpemrhnedcjnth jstån elrupemes phr ebbjscic`cmem y bhntclðcmem
ljhlråfcbe.
@e hpjrebcòn mj bedph jstå mcvcmcme jn sjcs (6) pjrähmhs mj treieah. Beme pjrähmh tjnmrå une
murebcòn mj mcjz (5;) mäes, mcstrciucmhs mj `e fhrde sclucjntj.
- Nujvj (3) mäes mj hpjrebcòn mj bedph
- Zn (5) mäe mj mjsbensh.
J` Årje mj Jdpemrhnedcjnth jstå eshbcemh e `e denzene mj `e zhne bjnse`. [hr jnmj, un/e
Jdpemrhnemhr/e phmräe tjnjr e su berlh1 Zne pertj mj `e zhne, une zhne bhdp`jte y/h zhnes
bhdp`jtes quj sj mcstrciuyen jn dås mj un mcstrcth.
@e cnfhrdebcòn rjlcstreme murentj j` mäe mj treieah tjnmrå quj sjr jxphrtemhs mcercedjntj e`
sjrvcmhr, prjvcedjntj j`/`e Jdpemrhnemhr/e mjijrå gebjr une bhpce mj rjspe`mh (ieboup). E`
dhdjnth mj jxphrter j` erbgcvh bhdprcdcmh (zcp) mj` rjlcstrh jsterå jn fhrdeth WD@.
BZEMYH N» ;5
HYLENCQEBCÒN MJ@ ]YEIEAH MJ BED[H
- Yjunchn mj bhhrmcnebcòn
- Cnste`ebcòn mj` ep`cbetcvh MCJR 9;53 y berle mj derbh mj treieah.
MÄE 5 - Cncbch mj `e ebtue`czebcòn berthlråfcbe y jdpemrhnedcjnth mj
jstei`jbcdcjnths jn j` Årje mj Jdpemrhnedcjnth
V Bjnsh Nebchne` Jbhnòdcbh 9;53 ‒
9;53 ‒ 9;9;1
9;9;1 Denue` mj`/ mj `e Jdpemrhnemhr/e
=;
Mjij tjnjr b`erh `hs hiajtcvhs ljnjre`js y jspjbäfcbhs mj` Bjnsh Nebchne` Jbhnòdcbh. Js
bhdñn quj j`/`e cnfhrdentj sh`cbctj cnfhrdebcòn e` rjspjbth.
Js cnmcspjnsei`j j` bhnhbcdcjnth mjte``emh mj` fhrdu`erch quj utc`czerå, esä bhdh j` denjah
mj` ep`cbetcvh jn tei`jt, edihs shn cnstrudjnths iåscbhs mj` treieah, e fcn mj hitjnjr
rjsu`temhs mj djahr be`cmem.
@e ep`cbebcòn mj` fhrdu`erch mjij sjr ålc` y mcnådcbe, mj `h bhntrerch pujmj rjpjrbutcr jn `e
be`cmem mj `e cnfhrdebcòn, y geste sj bhrrj j` rcjslh mj un rjbgezh.
Dhstrer mcsphscbcòn e eish`vjr `es bhnsu`tes mj`/mj `e cnfhrdentj j cnmcber`j `hs djmchs mhnmj
pujmj uicber`h/e (Mcrjbbcòn mj `e Hfcbcne Bjntre`, bhrrjh j`jbtròncbh y/h nñdjrh mj bj`u`er).
Ieah ncnlñn dhtcvh ustjm mjij hfrjbjr e`lñn cnbjntcvh e bedich mj febc`cter `e jntrjvcste.
V Bjnsh Nebchne` Jbhnòdcbh 9;53 ‒
9;53 ‒ 9;9;1
9;9;1 Denue` mj`/ mj `e Jdpemrhnemhr/e
==
Cnfhrdentj duy hbupemh pere sjr jntrjvcstemh1 Rc j`/`e cnfhrdentj dencfcjste nh tjnjr
tcjdph y nh js phsci`j rje`czer `e jntrjvcste jn j` dhdjnth, mjijrå pjrsuemcr`h j cnscstcr jn
j``h. Rc dentcjnj su ebtctum, prhbjme e bhhrmcner une pròxcde vcscte mjtjrdcnenmh fjbge y ghre
jxebte pere phmjr rje`czer `e jntrjvcste mj` Jdpemrhnedcjnth Nebchne` mj Jstei`jbcdcjnths.
e) Bhnfcmjnbce`cmem mj `e rjspujste
Entjs mj rje`czer `e prcdjre prjlunte, js cdphrtentj cncbcer `e jntrjvcste gebcjnmh ãnfescs mj quj
`hs meths quj prhphrbchnerå j` cnfhrdentj shn jstrcbtedjntj bhnfcmjnbce`js, te` bhdh `h jstei`jbj
j` Mjbrjth Ruprjdh ;=2-9;;5-[BD shirj j` Rjbrjth Jstemästcbh. Jsth sclncfcbe quj `e cnfhrdebcòn
prhphrbchneme js mj beråbtjr sjbrjth, nh sj mcfunmcrå mj denjre cnmcvcmue` y quj thme `e
cnfhrdebcòn rjbhpc`eme sj utc`czerå sh`h bhn fcnjs jstemästcbhs.
i) Dhtcvebcòn e` cnfhrdentj
b) Bhntrh` mj `e jntrjvcste
J`/`e Jdpemrhnemhr/e mjijrå emhpter une ebtctum mj sjrcjmem, nh mjij dhstrersj enschsh nc
epuremh.
Escdcsdh, js cdphrtentj quj bhnhzbe duy icjn j` fhrdu`erch bjnse` y quj scle bucmemhsedjntj
`es cnstrubbchnjs pere j` iujn rjlcstrh mj `e cnfhrdebcòn jn j` ep`cbetcvh, j``h `j merå sjlurcmem e`
dhdjnth mj mjserrh``er su treieah y tjnjr j` bhntrh` mj `e jntrjvcste.
Rc j`/`e cnfhrdentj me rjspujste mj tjdes eajnhs (ph`ätcbe, rj`clcòn h mj prhi`jdes jbhnòdcbhs) h
gei`e mj esunths
tebth mjijrå quj`enhprjlunte
rjthder tcjnjn quj vjr bhn
jvctenmh `e jntrjvcste,
jntrer j`/`emj
e un mcå`hlh, Jdpemrhnemhr/e bhngebjr
jstj dhmh jvcterå dubgh`erle
tcnh`ey
jntrjvcste.
[ere jvcter hitjnjr cnfhrdebcòn quj jstã cnf`ujnbceme phr `hs prhpchs punths mj vcste y `e
pjrshne`cmem mj`/`e Jdpemrhnemhr, js njbjserch utc`czer `hs prhbjmcdcjnths sclucjntjs1
V Bjnsh Nebchne` Jbhnòdcbh 9;53 ‒
9;53 ‒ 9;9;1
9;9;1 Denue` mj`/ mj `e Jdpemrhnemhr/e
=6
Rcle bucmemhsedjntj `es cnstrubbchnjs rjfjrjntjs e `es luäes (rjbuemrhs), pesjs h fc`trhs.
Jn e`lunes prjluntes sj mjijrå `jjr mjte``emedjntj beme une mj `es e`tjrnetcves pere quj
j`/`e cnfhrdentj djnbchnj `e rjspujste.
Jn `hs beshs mhnmj j`/`e cnfhrdentj nh bhdprjnme `e prjlunte, sj mjijrå djnbchner mj
denjre bhnbcse `e mjfcncbcòn mj jste.
j) Njutre`cmem
J` ep`cbetcvh mj `e tei`jt ge scmh mjserrh``emh pere jvcter `e phscic`cmem mj suljrcr rjspujstes e`/e
`e cnfhrdentj, phr `h tenth, rjsu`te sudedjntj cdphrtentj quj j`/`e Jdpemrhnemhr/e sj dentjnle
NJZ]YE@ jn j` mjserrh``h mj `e jntrjvcste. Rc j`/`e Jdpemrhnemhr/e nh tcjnj bucmemh jn `jjr `es
prjluntes, te` y bhdh eperjbjn jn j` ep`cbetcvh, pujmj e`tjrer mcbge njutre`cmem.
Buenmh j`/`e cnfhrdentj rjsphnmj mj denjre vele h cdprjbcse, j`/`e Jdpemrhnemhr/e mjij
cnmeler mj denjre njutre` mcbcjnmh ‐[hmräe rjpjtcr mj nujvh—, ‐Nh pumj här icjn `h quj mcah—. [hr
ncnlñn dhtcvh, j`/`e Jdpemrhnemhr/e mjij e`tjrer `h jxprjsemh phr j`/`e cnfhrdentj. Nunbe sj
mjij gebjr nhter, ye sje bhn `e jxprjscòn mj` rhstrh h phr j` thnh mj `e vhz, quj j`/`e cnfhrdentj
ge memh une rjspujste cnbhrrjbte h jrrònje.
Dubges vjbjs, j`/`e cnfhrdentj pujmj prjlunter e`/e `e Jdpemrhnemhr/e su hpcncòn h punths mj
vcste, entj jsth, mjij jxbusersj, mjij rjctjrer quj `h dås cdphrtentj js `e cnfhrdebcòn quj ã`/j``e
prhphrbchnj, scn ``jler e` jxtrjdh mj bujstchner e`/e `e cnfhrdentj.
Jn dubges hbeschnjs, j`/`e cnfhrdentj rjsphnmjrå ‐nh sã—, h merå une rjspujste bhn jvescves,
bhntremjbcrå `h quj ge mcbgh entjrchrdjntj h sj rjguserå e bhntjster e `es prjluntes quj sj `j
fhrdu`j, jn jsths beshs, j`/`e Jdpemrhnemhr/e treterå mj mer`j dås bhnfcenze y mjijrå
rjfhrdu`er`j `e prjlunte, gebcãnmh`j sjntcr dås bòdhmh, entjs mj bhntcnuer bhn `e sclucjntj.
[ujmj subjmjr quj `e cnfhrdebcòn h bcjrtes rjspujstes memes phr j`/`e cnfhrdentj nh sjen
setcsfebthrces, pujmj quj sjen cnbhdp`jtes h fujre mj` bhntjxth mj `e prjlunte quj sj jstå
fhrdu`enmh, h pujmj sjr quj j`/`e cnfhrdentj nh jstã bepebctemh pere rjsphnmjr jses prjluntes.
Jn
Jstjte`prhbjmcdcjnth
sctuebcòn, bhnsj
j` fcn mj hitjnjr
mjnhdcne cnfhrdebcòn
‐cnmeler emjbueme,
h shnmjer—. mjijmjij
[ere j``h rje`czer prjluntes
utc`czer pe`eiresemcbchne`js.
quj sjen
njutre`js y nh equj``es quj cnvctjn e mer rjspujstes mjtjrdcnemes.
c) Nh eprjsurer `e jntrjvcste
@es prjluntes mjijn sjr fhrdu`emes peusemedjntj, pere esjlurersj quj j`/`e cnfhrdentj
bhdprjnme `h quj sj `j jstå prjluntenmh. Zne vjz fhrdu`eme `e prjlunte, mjij mårsj`j j` tcjdph
njbjserch pere pjnser y rjsphnmjr. Rc j`/`e cnfhrdentj nh ge bhdprjnmcmh, mjijrå rjpjtcr`j `e
prjlunte scn prcse, y mj sjr njbjserch, gele `e eb`erebcòn rjspjbtcve, scn vercer su sclncfcbemh.
V Bjnsh Nebchne` Jbhnòdcbh 9;53
9;53 9;9;1 Denue` mj`/ mj `e Jdpemrhnemhr/e
=<
e) Bcjrrj mj `e jntrjvcste
Entjs mj se`cr mj` jstei`jbcdcjnth bjnsemh, mjij vjrcfcber quj `e cnfhrdebcòn rjlcstreme jn `e
tei`jt, js `e bhrrjbte y sj ge bhdp`jtemh `e cnfhrdebcòn rjqujrcme.
=7
V Bjnsh Nebchne` Jbhnòdcbh 9;53
9;53 9;9;1 Denue` mj`/ mj `e Jdpemrhnemhr/e
VCC. JD[EMYHNEMHY/E
<.5 JD[EMYHNEMHY/E
<.9 FZNBCHNJR
J`/`e Jdpemrhnemhr/e murentj j` mjserrh``h mj` Jdpemrhnedcjnth Nebchne` mj Jstei`jbcdcjnths,
tjnmrå mhs terjes funmedjnte`js1 Ebtue`czebcòn berthlråfcbe y Jdpemrhnedcjnth mj `hs
jstei`jbcdcjnths, edies terjes `es rje`czerån djmcentj
dj mcentj j` rjbhrrcmh mj su Årje mj Jdpemrhnedcjnth,
mj ebujrmh bhn `hs prhbjmcdcjnths jstei`jbcmhs.
<.2 HI@ CLEBCHNJ
CLEBCHNJR
R
Budp`cr jstrcbtedjntj `es cnstrubbchnjs quj bhntcjnj jstj denue`, esä bhdh `es mcrjbtcves
jdctcmes phr `e Ajfeture mj` [rhyjbth.
Mjsjdpjõer pjrshne`djntj
pjrshne`djnt j su treieah y nh jster ebhdpeõemhs mj pjrshnes
eajnes e` Bjnsh murentj j` mjsjdpjõh mj sus funbchnjs.
<.= [YHGCICBCHNJR
J` berlh mj Jdpemrhnemhr/
Jdpemrhnemhr/e e js crrjnunbce
crrjnunbcei`j,
i`j, se`vh beshs jxbjpbchne`js,
mjijrå prjsjnter su berte mj rjnunbce bhn une entcbcpebc
entcbcpebcòn
òn mj 5: mäes.
Etjdhrczer e `es
`es pjrshnes y/h jntei`er mcsbuschnjs
mcsbuschnjs shirj tjdes ph`ätcbhs,
rj`clchshs h mj bue`qucjr htre änmh`j, eajnes e` bjnsh.
[hr ncnlñn dhtcvh mjij sh`cbcter, nc rjbcicr mcnjrh y/h jspjbcjs mj pertj mj
`hs cnfhrdentjs.
Nh e`tjrer
e`tjrer `hs meths hitjncmhs dhstremhs jn j` ep`cbetcv
ep`cbetcvh.
h.
:9
V Bjnsh Nebchne` Jbhnòdcbh 9;53 ‒
9;53 ‒ 9;9;1
9;9;1 Denue` mj`/ mj `e Jdpemrhnemhr/e
V Bjnsh Nebchne` Jbhnòdcbh 9;53 ‒
9;53 ‒ 9;9;1
9;9;1 Denue` mj`/ mj `e Jdpemrhnemhr/e
:2
:=
V Bjnsh Nebchne` Jbhnòdcbh 9;53 ‒
9;53 ‒ 9;9;1
9;9;1 Denue` mj`/ mj `e Jdpemrhnemhr/e
Mäes prjvchs e` cncbch mj` treieah, j`/`e J`/`e Ajfj/e mj Ircleme murentj j`
Bhhrmcnemhr/e Mjpertedjnte` sj jdpemrhnedcjnth, sj jnberlerå mj
prjsjnterå entj `es euthrcmemjs `hbe`js ljstchner `e mhbudjntebcòn bhn `es
jn `e bepcte` mj
rjsphnsei`j mcstrcte`,rje`czer
scjnmh j`/`e
`es euthrczebchnjs
jdpemrhnemhrjsmje `escnlrjsh mj bhn
jmcfcbebchnjs sus
bhhrmcnebchnjs. @js jxp`cberå shirj `hs bhnbjntrebcòn mj jstei`jbcdcjnths.
hiajtcvhs mj `e ebtue`czebcòn berthlråfcbe (Le`jräe, bjntrh bhdjrbce`, djrbemh,
y jdpemrhnedcjnth mj jstei`jbcdcjnths, jmcfcbch jdprjserce` y bjntrhs
esä bhdh, shirj `e prjsjnbce mj irclemes jdprjserce`js).
mj treieah jn `hs bjntrhs phi`emhs
urienhs mj` mcstrcth.
NH]E1 Jn besh quj j`/`e Ajfj/e mj Ircleme, nh geye rje`czemh `es ljstchnjs djnbchnemes jn j` pårrefh
entjrchr, j`/`e Jdpemrhnemhr/e, mjijrå rje`czer `es bhhrmcnebchnjs quj bhrrjsphnmen.
i) Yjbjpbcòn y vjrcfcbebcòn mj` mcsphsctcvh tei`jt, mhbudjnths, detjrce`js y ñtc`js mj treieah
J`/`e Ajfj/e mj Ircleme jntrjlerå e beme unh mj `hs/`es Jdpemrhnemhrjs/es quj jstãn e su berlh,
j` mcsphsctcvh tei`jt, mhbudjnths, detjrce`js y ñtc`js esclnemhs, scjnmh vjrcfcbemh phr edihs pere
bjrbchrersj quj jstãn bhdp`jths y jn iujn jstemh mj funbchnedcjnth.
@hs mhbudjnths y detjrce`js quj rjbcicrå shn `hs sclucjntjs1
V Bjnsh Nebchne` Jbhnòdcbh 9;53 ‒
9;53 ‒ 9;9;1
9;9;1 Denue` mj`/ mj `e Jdpemrhnemhr/e
::
@jleah1
Yjbcicrå un `jleah ñncbh pere j` treieah jn beme mcstrcth. Jn j` `jleah jnbhntrerå mj fhrde
cnmjpjnmcjntj y icjn cmjntcfcbemes `e/s berle/s mj `e/s Årje/s mj Jdpemrhnedcjnth e
treieaer, phr pjrchmh.
Mhbudjnths euxc`cerjs1
Ñtc`js1
Bhrrjbthr `äqucmh
@epcbjrh mj tcnte ezu`
@åpcz mj berihnbc``h njlrh, ihrremhr y teaemhr
Yjl`e mj 2; bd
[epj` Ihnm E2 (Rj utc`czerå pere j` `jventedcjnth mj` brhqucs mj uicbebcòn, rjbhrrcmh
y rjlcstrh mj `es jmcfcbebchnjs elrupemes h sjdcmcspjrses mj un bjntrh phi`emh
urienh mj` mcstrcth)
Jqucphs
]ei`jt Le`exy ]ei E, bhn p`en mj meths y ebbjshrchs (Djdhrce jxtjrne, emeptemhr,
berlemhr phrtåtc`).
Cnmudjnterce
J` bei`j y jnbgufj mj berle, mjij berler scn ncnlñn prhi`jde. Escdcsdh, tcjnj
quj bhnter `e tei`jt bhn djdhrce jxtjrne.
:6
V Bjnsh Nebchne` Jbhnòdcbh 9;53 ‒
9;53 ‒ 9;9;1
9;9;1 Denue` mj`/ mj `e Jdpemrhnemhr/e
Escdcsdh, phr `e rjbjpbcòn mj jstj jqucph, `ujlh mj geijr vjrcfcbemh su hpjretcvcmem, fcrderå j`
berlh rjspjbtcvh? j` bue` mjijrå bhnsjrver phrquj djmcentj jstj dcsdh mhbudjnth, rje`czerå `e
mjvh`ubcòn mj` jqucph e` bu`dcner j` treieah mj ebtue`czebcòn berthlråfcbe y jdpemrhnedcjnth.
b) Cnste`ebcòn mj` Ep`cbetcvh MCJR 9;53 j cdphrtebcòn mj` derbh mj treieah
Rj jajbuterå j` prcdjr mäe mj treieah, entjs mj se`cr e bedph.
]jncjnmh `e tei`jt jn pjrfjbtes bhnmcbchnjs, jnbjnmcme y bhdp`jtedjntj berleme, prhbjmjrå e
cnste`er j` ep`cbetcvh MCJR 9;53.
Bhn j` ush mj `e djdhrce jxtjrne, j`/`e Jdpemrhnemhr/e bhpcerå e `e djdhrce cntjrne mj su tei`jt,
j` erbgcvh mj` ep`cbetcvh MCJR 9;53 y j` DEYBH MJ ]YEIEAH, quj `j sjrå jntrjlemh phr j`/`e
Ajfj/e mj Ircleme.
@ujlh cnlrjserå e` dòmu`h ‐Berler Derbh mj treieah— mj` ep`cbetcvh MCJR 9;53 y berlerå j`
erbgcvh mj` DEYBH MJ ]YEIEAH bhn j` bue` rje`czerå `e ebtue`czebcòn berthlråfcbe y
jdpemrhnedcjnth mj jstei`jbcdcjnths jn j` Årje mj Jdpemrhnedcjnth, sjlñn `e prhlredebcòn
quj `j bhrrjsphnme.
[hstjrchrdjntj, mjijrå bhrrhihrer quj j` `cstemh mj denzenes quj sj dujstre jn j` ep`cbetcvh
sjen `es dcsdes quj sj prjsjnten jn j` Brhqucs, ye quj shn `es quj ve c`cljnbcer mjntrh mj su
pjrchmh mj treieah.
m) Yjbhnhbcdcjnth jn leicnjtj mj `e mhbudjntebcòn berthlråfcbe y Årje mj
Jdpemrhnedcjnth, sjlñn `e prhlredebcòn mj rute
J`eihrer `e p`encfcbebcòn mcerce mj` rjbhrrcmh quj rje`czerå j`/`e Jdpemrhnemhr/e phr beme
pjrähmh mj treieah, mjij sjr `h dås ebhrmj bhn `e prhlredebcòn mj rutes quj sj `j ge
esclnemh. Bue`qucjr bedich quj guicjre jn mcbge p`encfcbebcòn mjij sjr euthrczemh phr
j`/`e Ajfj/e mj Ircleme y j`/`e Bhhrmcnemhr/e Mjpertedjnte`.
CD[HY]EN]J
Jdpemrhnemhr/e mjij tjnjr jn bujnte quj
thmes `es prujies y rjvcschnjs sj mjijn
rje`czer entjs mj se`cr e bedph.
NH]E1
NH]E1
Murentj j` rjbhnhbcdcjnth jn leicnjtj e su Årje mj Jdpemrhnedcjnth, su berle e treieaer supjre e
5; denzenes, j` prcdjr rjbhrrcmh sj rje`czerå pere gebjr `e terje mj Ebtue`czebcòn berthlråfcbe y j`
sjlunmh rjbhrrcmh pere j` Jdpemrhnedcjnth jn thmes `es denzenes bhrrjsphnmcjntjs e su berle.
7.9 MZYEN]J J@ JD[EMYHNEDCJN]H
Bhnscstj jn rjprjsjnter jn j` ‐Brhqucs mj` Årje mj Jdpemrhnedcjnth— (fäscbh), thmhs `hs bedichs
hburrcmhs jn `es denzenes y/h jn `hs tcphs y nhdirjs mj `es väes quj `es bcrbunmen, jsth sj
jfjbtuerå djmcentj j` rjbhrrcmh scstjdåtcbh quj rje`cbj j`/`e Jdpemrhnemhr/e denzene phr
denzene jn j` tjrrjnh.
@hs bedichs y/h dhmcfcbebchnjs quj mjtjbtj pujmjn mjijrsj e `e epercbcòn, mjsepercbcòn,
frebbchnedcjnth, fuscòn h rjp`entjh mj denzenes, bhdh bhnsjbujnbce mj` mjserrh``h urienh, te`js
bhdh fhrdebcòn h mjsepercbcòn mj puji`hs aòvjnjs, esjntedcjnth gudenh, eshbcebchnjs mj
vcvcjnme, urienczebchnjs, jntrj htrhs, h bhdh bhnsjbujnbce mj fjnòdjnhs neture`js (scsdhs,
gueybhs, jntrj htrhs).
Bhnter bhn un p`enh ebtue`czemh mj `hs bjntrhs phi`emhs urienhs mj` mcstrcth.
@es cnstrubbchnjs jspjbäfcbes pere `e jajbubcòn mj jste terje, sj mjsbrcijn jn j` ebåpctj 9 mj`
Bepätu`h W ‐Cnstrubbchnjs pere `e ebtue`czebcòn berthlråfcbe mj` brhqucs mj` årje mj
jdpemrhnedcjnth jn fäscbh— mj` prjsjntj denue`.
:7
V Bjnsh Nebchne` Jbhnòdcbh 9;53 ‒
9;53 ‒ 9;9;1
9;9;1 Denue` mj`/ mj `e Jdpemrhnemhr/e
Bhnscstj jn bepter cnfhrdebcòn mj `hs jstei`jbcdcjnths quj rje`czen e`lune ebtcvcmem jbhnòdcbe
jn j` Årje mj Jdpemrhnedcjnth esclneme.
@es cnstrubbchnjs jspjbäfcbes pere `e jajbubcòn mj jste terje sj mjsbrcijn jn j` ebåpctj 9 mj`
Bepätu`h WC ‐Cnstrubbchnjs pere j` jdpemrhnedcjnth mj jstei`jbcdcjnths — mj` prjsjntj
denue`.
JD[EMYHNEMHY/E1
Rc j` Årje mjberthlråfcbe
Ebtue`czebcòn Jdpemrhnedcjnth
jn thmesjstå bhnfhrdemey j`phrsclucjntj
`es denzenes dås mjrjbhrrcmh
5; denzenes,
pere `e j`terje
prcdjr rjbhrrcmh sj rje`czerå pere `e
mj` Jdpemrhnedcjnth.
Cndjmcetedjntj mjspuãs prhbjmjrå e ljnjrer sus erbgcvhs WD@ jn `e djdhrce cntjrne mj `e tei`jt
(MCJR 9;53/Ieboup). Escdcsdh, bhpcerå e `e berpjte brjeme jn `e djdhrce jxtjrne. @ujlh, bhn j`
ush mj `e djdhrce jxtjrne, HI@CLE]HYCEDJN]J `hs bhdpertcrå bhn j`/`e Ajfj/e mj Ircleme y
mj ebujrmh bhn qucjn `h sh`cbctj, phr jajdp`h, j`/`e Bhhrmcnemhr/e Mjpertedjnte` h Rupjrvcshr/e
Nebchne`.
JD[EMYHNEMHY/E1
]jnle jn bhnscmjrebcòn `h sclucjntj.
J` ncvj` mj bcjrrj sj merå phr pcsh, i`hbos, jstei`jbcdcjnth bhnbjntremh, frjntj y denzene.
@e denzene sj mjij jxphrter e` sjrvcmhr bhn jstemh bjrremh j` ñ`tcdh mäe mj` pjrchmh mj treieah.
Bu`dcnemh j` pjrchmh mj treieah (mäes jfjbtcvhs dås rjbupjrebcòn), sj mjijrå bedicer j` jstemh e
‐Bjrremh—, e pjser quj jxcsten jstei`jbcdcjnths bhn rjsu`temh mcstcnth e Bhdp`jth (5) quj nh sj geyen
phmcmh rjbupjrer murentj j` pjrähmh.
Mj sjr njbjserch j`/`e Jdpemrhnemhr/e cnlrjserå e` ‐ Rcstjde \ji mj Vjrcfcbebcòn y ]rensfjrjnbce mj
Meths ‒ MCJR 9;53-9;9;— djmcentj su usuerch y b`evj, pere vjrcfcber quj `hs erbgcvhs treieaemhs y
jnvcemhs e` sjrvcmhr murentj `e hpjrebcòn mj bedph jstãn bhnfhrdjs. (Vjrcfcber jn j` Enjxh `hs peshs
pere j` cnlrjsh
J` jnväh e` scstjde)
mj cnfhrdebcòn e` sjrvcmhr sjrå rje`czemh
rje`czem h HI@CLE]HYCEDJN]J mhs vjbjs e` mäe, j` prcdjr jnväh
e` djmchmäe y j` sjlunmh bu`dcneme su ahrneme mj treieah.
V Bjnsh Nebchne` Jbhnòdcbh 9;53 ‒
9;53 ‒ 9;9;1
9;9;1 Denue` mj`/ mj `e Jdpemrhnemhr/e
:3
LYÅFCBH N» ;5
]EYJER LJNJYE@JR MZYEN]J J@ JD[EMYHNEDCJN]H
• Yjb
Yjbhnhhnhbcd bcdcjn
cjnth
th mj `e denzen
denzene. e.
• Vj
Vjrcrcfcfcbe
bebc
bcòn
òn mj bedi
bedichchss mj fh
fhrd
rde,
e, tede
tedeõh
õh y mc
mcdj
djns
nscò
cònn mj `e
denzene.
berthlråfcbe
Ebtue`czebcòn • frjntjs.
Ve`cmebcòn mj` tcph y nhdirj mj väes jn beme unh mj `hs
• Cmjntcfcbebcòn mj jmcfcbebchnjs y j` nñdjrh mj
jste
jstei`
i`jb
jbcd
cdcj
cjnt
nthhs j cn
cnst
stctctuubc
bchn
hnjs
js pñ
pñi`
i`cb
cbes
es vc
vcsc
sci`
i`js
js jn be
beme
me
un
unhh mj `hs
`hs frjn
frjntj
tjs.
s.
JD[EMYHNEMHY/E
6;
V Bjnsh Nebchne` Jbhnòdcbh 9;53 ‒
9;53 ‒ 9;9;1
9;9;1 Denue` mj`/ mj `e Jdpemrhnemhr/e
.
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@
V Bjnsh Nebchne` Jbhnòdcbh 9;53 ‒
9;53 ‒ 9;9;1
9;9;1 Denue` mj`/ mj `e Jdpemrhnemhr/e
65
Zne bhpce mj` cnfhrdj sjrå jntrjleme e`/e `e Ajfj/e mj Ircleme, aunth bhn j` rjsth mj `e
mhbudjntebcòn.
Edies ih`ses mjijrån sjr cnb`ucmes jn une tjrbjre ih`se, `e dcsde quj mjij jster mjicmedjntj
rhtu`eme cmjntcfcbenmh mjpertedjnth, prhvcnbce, mcstrcth, zhne y ircleme e` quj bhrrjsphnmj.
Escdcsdh, mjij cnmcber j` nñdjrh mj rute esclneme.
69
V Bjnsh Nebchne` Jbhnòdcbh 9;53 ‒
9;53 ‒ 9;9;1
9;9;1 Denue` mj`/ mj `e Jdpemrhnemhr/e
V Bjnsh Nebchne` Jbhnòdcbh 9;53 ‒
9;53 ‒ 9;9;1
9;9;1 Denue` mj`/ mj `e Jdpemrhnemhr/e
62
6=
V Bjnsh Nebchne` Jbhnòdcbh 9;53 ‒
9;53 ‒ 9;9;1
9;9;1 Denue` mj`/ mj `e Jdpemrhnemhr/e
3.5 JN]YJLE MJ@ E[@CBE]CVH MCJR 9;53 S DEYBH MJ ]YEIEAH E@ [JYRHNE@ MJ BED[H
Jsths erbgcvhs sjrån rjdctcmhs phr `e Ajfeture mj Hpjrebcòn mj Bedph väe bhrrjh j`jbtròncbh e` j-
dec` cnstctubchne` mj`/mj `e Mcrjbthr/e Mjpertedjnte` bhn etjnbcòn e` bhrrjh pjrshne` mj`/mj `e
Bhhrmcnemhr/e Mjpertedjnte`, jstj ñ`tcdh
ñ`tcdh sjrå rjsphnsei`j mj vj`er mj quj thmhs `hs erbgcvhs
jnvcemhs sjen bhpcemhs emjbuemedjntj e trevãs mj `e djdhrce jxtjrne h RMberm e `hs/`es Ajfjs/es
mj Ircleme y jsth e `hs/`es Jdpemrhnemhrjs/es vjrcfcbenmh quj beme unh mj `hs funbchnerchs mj
bedph, tjnlen jn sus tei`jt, thmhs `hs erbgcvhs rjdctcmhs.
J`/`ebhrrjh
väe Bhhrmcnemhr/e Mjpertedjnte`
j`jbtròncbh bhduncberå ieahquj
e` Mcrjbthr/e Mjpertedjnte` rjsphnseic`cmem, tenth mj denjre
ge rjbcicmh y mcstrciucmh e thmh j`vjrie` bhdhe
pjrshne`
su berlh `hs erbgcvhs djnbchnemhs.
Bhdh meths emaunths jn j` bhrrjh j`jbtròncbh mjijn fclurer1
@cste mj Zsuerchs
V Bjnsh Nebchne` Jbhnòdcbh 9;53 ‒
9;53 ‒ 9;9;1
9;9;1 Denue` mj`/ mj `e Jdpemrhnemhr/e
6:
Zne vjz vjrcfcbemh quj `hs erbgcvhs sjen `hs bhrrjbths, prhbjmjr e bhpcer`hs e une berpjte jn une
[B pjrshne`, buyh nhdirj sjrå1 ‐ EpoXMcjs9;53.
@e berpjte brjeme jn `e [B mjijrå sjr bhpceme e `e
djdhrce jxtjrne h terajte RM berm, gebcjnmh ush mj`
emeptemhr ZRI.
JD[EMYHNEMHY/E1
Rj me `e cnstrubbcò
cnstrubbcònn mj mer un thquj jn j` ihtòn
‐Eircr— nc icjn sj tjrdcne mj cnste`er j` ep`cbetcvh
MCJR 9;53,
9;53, ye quj sjrå `e ñncbe denjre quj sj
pujmen brjer emjbuemedjntj `es berpjtes phr
mjfeu`t MCJR 9;53/IEBOZ[R `e djdhrce
cntjrne (DDB cntjrne) `e dcsde quj sj vcsue`cze
beme vjz quj sj rje`cbj bue`qucjr tcph mj
jxphrtebcòn phr pertj mj `hs funbchnerchs
bjnse`js bhdh berpjte suljrcme pere luermer
sus erbgcvhs h bhpces mj sjlurcmem (Ieboup).
V Bjnsh Nebchne` Jbhnòdcbh 9;53 ‒
9;53 ‒ 9;9;1
9;9;1 Denue` mj`/ mj `e Jdpemrhnemhr/e
6<
Jstj erbgcvh mjij sjr luermemh aunth bhn j` erbgcvh mj` ep`cbetcvh jn `e berpjte E[OXMCJR9;53.
5. E` geijr memh un thquj jn `e hpbcòn eircr, `ujlh mj geijr berlemh j` ep`cbetcvh MCJR9;53, sj
dujstre `e pente``e mj cnlrjsh e` ep`cbetcvh, bhn `hs bedphs ZRZEYCH S B@EVJ jn i`enbh.
2. Fcne`djntj mer un thquj jn `e hpbcòn ‐Ebjpter— y se`mrå une vjntene jdjrljntj bhn j` djnseaj
ICJNVJNMH RCR, mer un thquj jn `e hpbcòn ebjpter j cnlrjser e` ep`cbetcvh.
J` ep`cbetcvh dujstre `e pente``e cncbce` mj` berlemh mj derbh, jn `e pertj supjrchr czqucjrme sj pujmj
mcstcnlucr j` usuerch bhn quj sj ge cnlrjsemh, j` bue` js RCR, (bhn jstj usuerch `e ñncbe hpbcòn e
jajbuter js ‐Berler j` derbh mj treieah—) y j` `ctjre`
`ctjre ` MCJR9;53, jn j` bue` gebcjnmh un thquj sj
mjsp`jlerå j` djnñ prcnbcpe` pere phmjr vjr y ebtcver `hs dòmu`hs e treieaer. Mer un thquj jn
MCJR9;53 y sj`jbbchner j` dòmu`h ‐Berler derbh mj treieah—.
67
V Bjnsh Nebchne` Jbhnòdcbh 9;53 ‒
9;53 ‒ 9;9;1
9;9;1 Denue` mj`/ mj `e Jdpemrhnemhr/e
Eperjbj une vjntene jdjrljntj, `e bue` nhs cnmcbe j` phrbjnteaj mj` evenbj mj berlemh mj` derbh.
Zne vjz bu`dcnemh dhstrerå un djnseaj ‐Cdphrtebcòn bhdp`jteme bhrrjbtedjntj—, mer un thquj
jn ‐Ebjpter— y vh`vjrå e `e pente``e mj cncbch. Bhdh ye sj tjrdcnò j` prhbjsh mj berlemh, se`cr mj`
ep`cbetcvh thbenmh shirj j` ihtòn rjtrhbjmjr , dujstre une vjntene jdjrljntj y pu`ser jn
‐Ebjpter—.
‐Ebjpter—.
Jdpemrhnemhr/e
e) J` ep`cbetcvh dujstre phr mjfeu`t bhdh pente``e prcnbcpe`, `e mj` derbh mj treieah mj` dòmu`h mj
‐Ebtue`czebcòn Berthlråfcbe/Jdpemrhnedcjnth—
Berthlråfcbe/Jdpemrhnedcjnth—. Jn jste pente``e phmjdhs mcstcnlucr jn `e pertj
supjrchr czqucjrme, j` bòmclh mj usuerch, esä bhdh
b hdh `e rute mj treieah y j` `ctjre` MCJR 9;53 quj me
ebbjsh e` djnñ prcnbcpe`. Emjdås, sj vcsue`cze j` djnñ sjbunmerch y j` äbhnh mcsojttj pere
luermer `e cnfhrdebcòn cnlrjseme.
BHNH
BHNH DJN
DJN
RJBZNMEYCH
DJNÑ [YCNBC[E@
i) J` äbhnh js j` Djnñ sjbunmerch quj bhntcjnj `e hpbcòn ‐Cr e Derbh—, ‐ Cr e Qhne— j ‐Cr e
Frjntj—, `h
`h bue`
bue` pjrdctj rjlrjser mj denjre råpcme e` derbh mj treieah.
Jn `e pente``e prcnbcpe` sj jnbujntre tedicãn j` äbhnh quj pjrdctj lreier y peser e `e
sclucjntj pente``e.
Äbhnh ‐Luermer—
Djnñ sjbunmerch bhntcjnj `es
hpbchnjs ‐Cr e Derbh—, ‐Cr e
Qhne— j ‐Cr e Frjntj—,
@hs erbgcvhs ljnjremhs phr j`/`e Jdpemrhnemhr/e bhdh prhmubth mj `es terjes mj
ebtue`czebcòn berthlråfcbe y jdpemrhnedcjnth mj jstei`jbcdcjnths mjijrån sjr
luermemhs jn berpjtes mj treieah brjemes, tjncjnmh jn bujnte `h sclucjntj1
V Bjnsh Nebchne` Jbhnòdcbh 9;53 ‒
9;53 ‒ 9;9;1
9;9;1 Denue` mj`/ mj `e Jdpemrhnemhr/e
<2
[rcdjrh Jn `e djdhrce cntjrne mjij brjer une berpjte bhn su nhdirj bhdh
Jdpemrhnemhr/e (Jajdp`h1 Eiclec` Jstgjr Yucz De`c).
Rjlunmh1 Jn j` cntjrchr mj jse berpjte sj mjij mj brjer mhs (;9) berpjtes, jstes mjijn
mjnhdcnersj sjlñn j` tcph mj treieah e rje`czer y j` nñdjrh mj rute quj `j bhrrjsphnmj.
JdpemrhnedcjnthX Yute5
Eiclec` Jstgjr Yucz De`c
YutesXEphyh
CNFHYDEBCÒN BHN]JNCME
BHN]JNCME JN @E ]EI@J]
ZNCMEM MJ NHDIYJ MJ@/MJ @E BEY[J]E BHN NHDIYJ
NHDIYJ MJ
E@DEBJNE- JD[EMYHNE- MJ@ DÒMZ@H S NÑDJYH
EYBGCVH
DCJN]H MHY/E MJ YZ]E
Jdpemrhnedcjnth
XYute5 Nhdirj mj` Erbgcvh
Eiclec` Jstgjr
Yucz De`c
Nhdirj mj` Erbgcvh
YutesXEphyh
Djdhrce Nhdirj mj` Erbgcvh
Cntjrne
NH]E1 @e mjselrjlebcòn mj `e Nhdnjb`eture mj `hs erbgcvhs Qcp sj mjte``e jn j` mhbudjnth mj` Enjxh mj
Rcstjde \ji mj Vjrcbcebcòn y ]renssfjrjnbce mj Meths ‒
Meths ‒ MCJR
MCJR 9;53-9;9;
<=
V Bjnsh Nebchne` Jbhnòdcbh 9;53 ‒
9;53 ‒ 9;9;1
9;9;1 Denue` mj`/ mj `e Jdpemrhnemhr/e
[ere j` besh mj `hs erbgcvhs ljnjremhs phr `hs/`es Ajfjs/es mj Ircleme bhdh rjsu`temh
mj `es terjes mj supjrvcscòn, mjijrån sjr luermemhs jn berpjtes mj treieah brjemes,
tjncjnmh jn bujnte `h sclucjntj1
[rcdjrh1 Jn `e djdhrce cntjrne sj mjij mj brjer une berpjte bhn j` nhdirj mj`/`e
Ajfj/e mj Ircleme.
Rjlunmh1 Jn j` cntjrchr mj jse berpjte sj mjij mj brjer mhs suiberpjtes dås. @es
berpjtes mjijrån mjnhdcnersj sjlñn j` tcph mj treieah e rje`czer phr j`/`e Ajfj/e mj
Ircleme.
]jrbjrh1 Mjntrh mj `e berpjte YutesXJdpemrhnedcjnth j`/`e Ajfj/e mj Ircleme mjijrå
bhpcer thmes `es berpjtes mj treieah quj fujrhn brjemes phr `hs/`es Jdpemrhnemhrjs/es.
CNFHYDEBCÒN BHN]JNCME
BHN]JNCME JN @E ]EI@J]
NHDIYJ MJ@/ MJ
ZNCMEM MJ E@DEBJNE- BEY[J]E BHN NHDIYJ MJ BEY[J]E NHDIYJ MJ
@E AJFJ/E MJ
DCJN]H IYCLEME DHMZ@H MJ ]YEIEAH DHMZ@H MJ ]YEIEAH
Rupjrvcscòn
Jdpemrhnedcjnth
Yute5
@jhnermh Mevcm
Djdhrce Cntjrne Uucspj [e`hderjs
Yutes Jdpemrhnedcjnth
Jdpemrhnedcjnth Yute9
Jdpemrhnedcjnth
Yute2
V Bjnsh Nebchne` Jbhnòdcbh 9;53 ‒
9;53 ‒ 9;9;1
9;9;1 Denue` mj`/ mj `e Jdpemrhnemhr/e
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