Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Cálculo
Ingeniería industrial y de sistemas
1
2
Módulo 2: Derivadas
Ejercicio 1.1
U = (x² + 3) U’ = 2x
1
V = (x-¹ + 2) V’ = - ⸻
x²
1
(𝑥 2 + 3) (− ) + (𝑥−1 + 2)2𝑥
𝑥2
1
2𝑥 (𝑥−1 + 2) − 2 (𝑥 2 + 3)
𝑥
1 𝑥2 + 3
2𝑥 ( + 2) −
𝑥 𝑥²
𝑥2 + 3
2 + 4𝑥 −
𝑥²
https://es.symbolab.com/solver/derivative-
calculator/%5Cfrac%7Bd%7D%7Bdx%7D%5Cleft(%5Cleft(x%5E%7B2%7D%2B3
f (x) = (x + 1) (x - 5) (x + 6)
f (x) = (x² - 5x +x-5) (x+6)
f (x) = x3-5x2+x2-5x+6x2-30x+6x-30
f (x) = x3-5x2+x2+6x2-5x-30x+6x-30
f (x) = x3+2x2 -29x-30
f’(x) = 3x2+4x-29
Ejercicio 1.2
3
Módulo 2: Derivadas
(𝑥 2 −2)
1. 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥+2)
Formula
g (x) = x² - 2 | g’ (x) = 2x
h (x) = x + 2 | h’ (x) = 1
Aplicar la formula
(𝑥+2)∗2𝑥−(𝑥 2−2)∗1
f ‘(x) = (𝑥+2)²
2𝑥 2+4𝑥−𝑥 2+2
f ‘(x) =
(𝑥+2)²
𝑥↓3+4𝑥+2
f ‘(x) = (𝑥+2)²
https://es.symbolab.com/solver/derivativecalculator/%5Cfrac%7Bd%7D%7Bdx%7D%5Cleft(
%5Cfrac%7Bx%5E%7B2%7 D-2%7D%7Bx%2B2%7D%5Cright)?or=input
(1−3𝑥 2)
2. 𝑓(𝑥) = √ (𝑥−9)
−3𝑥 2 + 54𝑥 − 1
3
2√−3𝑥 2 + 1) (𝑥 − 9) 2
Módulo 2: Derivadas
Formula
𝑑
𝑣 𝑛 = n𝑣 𝑛−1 * v´
𝑑𝑥
f (x) = (5x + 1) ⁹
f´ (x) = 45 (5x + 1) ⁸
https://es.symbolab.com/solver/derivativecalculator/%5Cfrac%7Bd%7D%7Bdx%7D%5Cleft(
%5Cleft(5x%2B1%5Cright) %5 E%7B9%7D%5Cright)?or=input
f (x) = (x + 2) (x + 3)²
U V
Formula
𝑑 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑢
(𝑈𝑉) = 𝑈 + V 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
U = (x + 2) U’ = 1
V = (x + 3)² V’ = 2 (x + 3) (1) 𝑑
(𝑈𝑉) = 𝑈
𝑑𝑣
+V
𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Formula
𝑑
(𝑈𝑉) = (𝑥 + 2)2(𝑥 + 3)(1) + (𝑥 + 3)2 (1)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑
(𝑈𝑉) = (𝑥 + 3)[2(𝑥 + 2) + 1(𝑥 + 3)]
𝑑𝑥
𝑑
(𝑈𝑉) = (𝑥 + 3)[2𝑥 + 4 + 𝑥 + 3]
𝑑𝑥
𝑑
(𝑈𝑉) = (𝑥 + 3)(3𝑥 + 7)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑
𝑈𝑉 = 3𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 9𝑥 + 21
𝑑𝑥
𝑑
𝑈𝑉 = 3𝑥 2 + 16𝑥 + 21
𝑑𝑣
5
Módulo 2: Derivadas
https://es.symbolab.com/solver/derivativecalculator/%5Cfrac%7Bd%7D%7Bdx%7D%5Cleft(
%5Cleft(x%2B2%5Cright)%5Ccdot%5Cleft(x%2B3
%5Cright)%5E%7B2%7D%5Cright)?or=input
Ejercicio 1.3
Encontrar la derivada de las siguientes funciones
1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑥 + 1)
f (x) = 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑥 + 1)
Formula
UV = u’ * v + u * v’
u = 𝑒 𝑥 | u’ = 𝑒 𝑥
v = (x + 1) | v’ = 1
f’ (x) = 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑥 + 1) + 𝑒 𝑥 (1)
f’ (x) = 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑥 + 1) + 𝑒 𝑥
f’ (x) = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑥
f’ (x) = 𝑒 𝑥 x+2𝑒 𝑥
https://es.symbolab.com/solver/derivativecalculator/%5Cfrac%7Bd%7D%7Bdx%7D%5Cleft(e
%5E%7Bx%7D%5Ccd ot%5Cleft(x%2B1%5Cright)%5Cright)?or=input
𝑥+1
2. 𝑓(𝑥) = ln ( )
𝑥−1
𝑥+1
(x) = 𝐼𝑛 𝑥−1
𝑑𝑓(𝑢) 𝑑𝑓 𝑑𝑢
= ∗
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 1
f = In (u) | 𝑑𝑢 𝐼𝑛(𝑢) = 𝑢
6
Módulo 2: Derivadas
𝑥+1
u = 𝑥−1
1 𝑑 𝑥+1
∗ ( )
𝑢 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 − 1
1 𝑑 𝑥+1 𝑑 𝑥+1 2
𝑥+1 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥−1) | (𝑥−1 ) = −
−−− 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥−1)²
𝑥−1
1 2
( )
𝑥 + 1 (𝑥 − 1)2
−−−
𝑥−1
𝑥−1 2
− ∗
𝑥 + 1 (𝑥 + 1)²
2
−
(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1)
https://es.symbolab.com/solver/derivativecalculator/%5Cfrac%7Bd%7D%7Bdx%7D%5Cleft(ln
%5Cleft(%5Cfrac%7Bx%2B1%7D%7B%20x -1%7D%5Cright)%5Cright)?or=input
1+𝑠𝑒𝑛(3𝑥)
3. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠(2𝑥)
[cos(2𝑥)∗[1+𝑠𝑒𝑛(3𝑥)]′ −[1+𝑠𝑒𝑛(3𝑥)∗[cos(2𝑥)]′
f’ (x) = [cos(2𝑥)]²
[cos(2𝑥)∗[1+𝑠𝑒𝑛(3𝑥)]∗[−2𝑠𝑒𝑛(2𝑥)]
f ‘(x) = [cos(2𝑥)]²
7
Módulo 2: Derivadas
https://es.symbolab.com/solver/derivativecalculator/%5Cfrac%7Bd%7D%7Bdx%7D%5Cleft(
%5Cfrac%7B%5Cleft(1%2
B%5Csin%5Cleft(3x%5Cright)%5Cright)%7D%7B%5Ccos%5Cleft(2x%5Crigh
t)%7D%5Cright)?or=input
T=x T’ = 1
U = sin(x) U’ = cos(x)
V = cos(x) V’ = -sen(x)
Formula
𝑑
(𝑈𝑉) = (sin(𝑥))(−𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥)) + (cos(x))(cos(x))
𝑑𝑥
𝑑 Identidad 𝑑
(𝑈𝑉) = −𝑠𝑖𝑛2 (𝑥)𝑐𝑜𝑠²(𝑥) (𝑈𝑉) = −𝑠𝑖𝑛2 (𝑥)𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑥) = cos (2𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 trigonométrica 𝑑𝑥
de ángulo
doble
f (x) = x+sen(x)cos(x) Identidad cos(2x)=2cos²(x)-1
f (x) = 1+cos(2x) trigonométrica
f (x) = 1+2cos²(x)-1 de ángulo
f (x) = 2cos²(x) doble
https://es.symbolab.com/solver/derivativecalculator/%5Cfrac%7Bd%7D%7Bdx%7D%5Cleft(x
%2B%5Cleft(%5Csin%20%5Cleft(x%5Cright)%
5Ccdot%20%5Ccos%20%5Cleft(x%5Cright)%5Cright)%5Cright)?or=input
Ejercicio 1.4
8
Módulo 2: Derivadas
Formula
𝑑𝑓(𝑢) 𝑑𝑓 𝑑𝑢
= ∗
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥
u = 4x 𝑑 𝑑
(4𝑥) (4𝑥) = 4
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1
f’ (x) = (4𝑥)2+1 ∗ 4
4
f ‘ (x) = 16𝑥2+1
https://es.symbolab.com/solver/derivativecalculator/%5Cfrac%7Bd%7D%7Bdx%7D%5Cleft(
%5Ctan%5E%7B1%7D%5Cleft(4x%5Cright)%5Cright)?or=input
2. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑠𝑒𝑛−1 √𝑥
Formula
9
Módulo 2: Derivadas
𝑑𝑓(𝑢) 𝑑𝑓 𝑑𝑢
= ∗
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥
f = acrsin(u) 𝑑 𝑑 1 𝑑 1 𝑑
arcsin(𝑢) arcsin(𝑢) √1−(𝑢)² 𝑑𝑥 ( √𝑥 )
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥
1 √1 − (√𝑥 )²
=
√1 − 𝑢²
u = √𝑥 𝑑 1 1
(𝑥 )
𝑑𝑥 2 2 √𝑥
1 1 ¹
= 𝑥 −
2 2
1 1
f’ (x) = ∗ 2√𝑥
√1−(√𝑥 )²
1 1
f’ (x) = ∗
√−𝑥+1 2√𝑥
1
f’ (x) =
2 √𝑥 √1−𝑥
https://es.symbolab.com/solver/derivativecalculator/%5Cfrac%7Bd%7D%7Bdx%7D%5Cleft(
%5Csin%5E%7B1%7D%5Cleft(%5Csqrt%7Bx%7D%5Cright)%5Cright)?or=input
Ejercicio 2.1
1. 𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 2 𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = −2
f (x) = -x² + 3x – 2
f (-2) = -4 -6 -2
f (-2) = -12
𝑓 (𝑥) = −𝑥² + 3𝑥 – 2
𝑓’ (𝑥) = −2𝑥 + 3
𝑓’ (2) = −2(−2) + 3
𝑓’ (2) = 4 + 3
10
Módulo 2: Derivadas
𝑓’ (2) = 7= m
Ecuación
𝑦 − 𝑦1 = 𝑚 (𝑥 − 𝑥1 )
𝑦 + 12 = 7𝑥 + 14
𝑦 = 7𝑥 + 14 – 12
𝑦 = 7𝑥 + 2
https://es.symbolab.com/solver/derivativecalculator/tangente%20de%20f%5Cleft(x%5Cright)
%3Dx%5E%7B2%7D%2B3x-2%2Cx%3D
Tangente = (2, 7) m = 8
𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑥³ − 2𝑥² + 3
𝑓’ (𝑥) = 3𝑥² − 4𝑥
𝑓’ (2) = 3(2) ² – 4
𝑓’ (2) = 12 – 4
𝑓’ (2) = 8 = m
Ecuación
𝑦 − 𝑦1 = 𝑚 (𝑥 − 𝑥1 )
𝑦 − 7 = 8𝑥 – 16
𝑦 = 8𝑥 − 16 + 7
𝑦 = 8𝑥 – 9
https://es.symbolab.com/solver/derivativecalculator/recta%20m%3D8%5Cleft(2%2C7%5Crig
ht)?or=input
11
Módulo 2: Derivadas
Ejercicio 2.2
Formula
𝑔(𝑥) ℎ(𝑥)∗𝑔′(𝑥)−𝑔(𝑥)∗ℎ′(𝑥)
Si f (x) = ℎ(𝑥) 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = [ℎ(𝑥)]²
g = 2x | g’ = 2
h = x² + 4 | h’ = 2x
(𝑥 2+4)2−2𝑥(2𝑥)
f (x) = (𝑥 2+4)²
(2𝑥 2+8)−4𝑥²
f (x) = (𝑥 2+4)²
2𝑥 2+8−4𝑥²
f (x) =
(𝑥 2+4)²
−2𝑥 2+8
f (x) = (𝑥 2+4)²
2(−𝑥 2+4)
f (x) = (𝑥 2+4)²
https://es.symbolab.com/solver/derivativecalculator/%5Cfrac%7Bd%7D%7Bdx%7D%5Cleft(
%5Cfrac%7B2x%7D%7B%2 0x%5E%7B2%7D%2B4%7D%5Cright)?or=input
12
Módulo 2: Derivadas
2. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 5
x² 𝑑 𝑑 2x
(𝑥 𝑎 ) = 𝑎 ∗ 𝑥 𝑎−¹ (𝑥 2 ) = 2 ∗ 𝑥²−1
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
-6x 𝑑 𝑑 -6
(𝑥 𝑎 ) = 𝑎 ∗ 𝑥 𝑎−¹ (−6𝑥) = 1 ∗ 6𝑥1 − ¹
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
5 𝑑 0
(𝑥 𝑎 ) = 𝑎 ∗ 𝑥 𝑎−¹
𝑑𝑥
f’ (x) = 2x - 6
https://es.symbolab.com/solver/derivativecalculator/%5Cfrac%7Bd%7D%7Bdx%7D%5Cleft(x
%5E%7B2%7D6x%2B5%5Cright)?or=input
Ejercicio 2.3
1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 10
Derivar
f’ (x) = 2x – 6
Igualar a cero
0 = 2x – 6
Reemplazar en f (x)
Encontrar x 6
x=2=3
13
Módulo 2: Derivadas
f’ (x) = 2x – 6
f’ (2) = 2 (2) – 6
f’ (2) = 4 – 6
f’ (2) = - 2 decreciente
mx=4
f’ (x) = 2x – 6
f’ (4) = 2 (4) – 6
f’ (2) = 8 – 6
f’ (2) = 2 creciente
https://es.symbolab.com/solver/derivativecalculator/puntos%20extremos%20x%5E%7B2%7D
-6x%2B10?or=input
2. 𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 6
Derivar
f’ (x) = -2x + 4
Igualar a cero
14
Módulo 2: Derivadas
0 = -2x + 4
Reemplazar en f (x)
4
Encontrar x -x = 2 = −2 = 𝑥 = 2
Encontrar y f (x) = -x² + 4x + 6
f (2) = -(2) ² + 4 (2) + 6
f (3) = -4 + 8 + 6
f (3) = 10
mx=1
f’ (x) = -2x + 4
f’ (1) = -2 (1) + 4
f’ (2) = - 2 + 4
f’ (2) = 2 creciente
mx=3
f’ (x) = -2x + 4
f’ (4) = -2 (3) + 4
f’ (2) = -6 + 4
f’ (2) = -2 decreciente
Método de segunda derivada
f’ (x) = -2x + 4
f’’ (x) = -2
f’’ (2) = -2 si es negativo es punto máximo
Positivo Punto mínimo
Negativo Punto máximo
Cero No es ni mínimo ni máximo
https://es.symbolab.com/solver/derivativecalculator/puntos%20extremos%20-
x%5E%7B2%7D%2B4x%2B6?or=input
Ejercicio 2.4
Problema 1
Un cartel tiene una superficie de 150 𝑐𝑚2 con márgenes de 3 cm en las partes superior e
15
Módulo 2: Derivadas
𝑑 900
(150 + 4𝑥 + + 24)
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
900
A’ x = 4 - 𝑥²
https://es.symbolab.com/solver/step-bystep/%5Cfrac%7Bd%7D%7Bdx%7D%5Cleft(
150%2B4x%2B%5Cfrac%7B900%7D%7Bx% 7D%2B24%5Cright)?or=input
900
4 - 𝑥² = 0
4x² - 900 = 0
4x² = 900
900
x² = 4 = 225
x = 225
x = 15
y = 150/x
y = 150/15
y = 10
10-4 = 6
Y=6
15-6 = 9
X=9
Módulo 2: Derivadas
Problema 2
Con una lámina cuadrada de aluminio de 12 pulgadas por lado, se quiere construir una caja
sin tapa, cortando cuadrados iguales en las esquinas y doblando los bordes. ¿Cuánto deben
medir por lado los cuadrados recortados para obtener un volumen máximo?, ¿Cuánto mide
dicho volumen?
Volumen= (base)(altura)(ancho)
V=(12-2x) (12-2x) x
Se ocupa que el volumen sea el máximo por lo anterior se deriva la función anterior
−𝑏±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
𝑥1,2 = 2𝑎
−(−96)±√(−96)2−4(12)(144)
𝑥1,2 = 2(12)
−(−96)+48
𝑥1, = =6
2(12)
−(−96)−48
𝑥2, = =2
2(12)
Módulo 2: Derivadas
V = (12-2x) (12-2x) x
𝐴𝑙𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎 𝑥 = 2 𝑖𝑛 (𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑔𝑎𝑑𝑎𝑠)
𝐴𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑜 12 − 2𝑥 = 12 − 2(2) = 8 in
𝐿𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑜 12 − 2𝑥 = 12 − 2(2) = 8 in
https://es.symbolab.com/solver/derivative-calculator/144-
96x%2B12x%5E%7B2%7D%3D0?or=input