Anita Remache - GUIA Nivel A2.2 - Periodo Junio-Agosto 2021

II PERÍODO
GUÍA
ACADÉMICO 2020
DIDACTICA
CENTRO DE IDIOMAS
INGLÉS A2.2
CENTRO DE IDIOMAS
INGLÉS A2.2
Guía didáctica
CÓDIGO: CID-I-0004
NÚMERO DE HORAS SEMANALES: 10
Carreras en las que se imparte esta NIVEL

asignatura
 Centro de Idiomas
A2.2
Autor/a:
Mónica Paulina León Rodríguez
MODALIDAD ONLINE bajo Resolución No. 078-ISTR-OCS-11-06-2020
DEJAMOS HUELLAS EN LA
EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR
INGLÉS A2.2
Guía didáctica
Daisy Natali Abarca Salguero
INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TECNOLÓGICO RIOBAMBA
Diagramación y diseño digital:

Unidad de Comunicación
Teléfono: +593 32 306 254
Av. Lizarzaburu S/N y Av. La Prensa
www.itsriobamba.edu.ec
Its_riobamba@hotmail.com
comunicacionistriobamba@gmail.com
Riobamba-Ecuador
Primera edición
Mayo 2021
La versión digital ha sido aprobada mediante la resolución Nº 078-ISTR-OCS-11-06-

2020, esta guía didáctica fue realizada y aprobada en el Instituto Superior Tecnológico
Riobamba.
31 de Mayo, 2021
Guía didáctica: Inglés A2.2 CENTRO DE IDIOMAS
INDICE
1. PRESENTACIÓN.................................................................................................6
2. BIBLIOGRAFÍA.....................................................................................................8
2.1. Básica................................................................................................................... 8
2.2. Complementaria...................................................................................................8
3. ORIENTACIONES GENERALES PARA EL ESTUDIO.........................................9
3.1. Materiales educativos...........................................................................................9
3.2. Ambiente de aprendizaje......................................................................................9
3.3. Apoyo tecnológico............................................................................................100
3.4. Autoevaluaciones.............................................................................................100
3.5. Normativa APA de citación...............................................................................111
4. PROCESO DE ENSEÑANZA APRENDIZAJE..................................................122
1. UNIDAD I: IF YOU HEAT WATER TO 100 DEGREES, IT BOILS....................122
1.1. Lección 1: If you heat water to 100 degress, it boils.............¡Error! Marcador no

definido.2
1.2. Lección 2: You needn’t be a chef for making spaghetti.......................................20
1.3. Lección 3: Can you discount it a little?................................................................26
2. UNIDAD II: I’M GOING TO PAY FOR THIS LUNCH!..........................................33
2.1. Lección 1: I’m going to pay for this lunch!...........................................................33
2.2. Lección 2: I can’t afford to buy a new car............................................................40
2.3. Lección 3: Sam misses playing with his friends..................................................44
3. UNIDAD III: JOHN IS INTERESTED IN ART BECAUSE IT’S INTERESTING...50
3.1. Lección 1: John is interested in art because it’s interesting.................................50
3.2. Lección 2: It’s a really nice city............................................................................58
3.3. Lección 3: My dog was stolen.............................................................................62
4. UNIDAD IV: SHE LIKES TO EXERCISE, DOESN’T SHE?.................................76
4.1. Lección 1: She likes to exercise, doesn’t she? ...................................................76
4.2. Lección 2: Miguel said that he was glad to see me again ..................................85
4.3. Lección 3: That’s the woman who stole my coat¡Error! Marcador no definido.12
5 INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TECNOLÓGICO RIOBAMBA
5. SOLUCIONARIO..............................................................................................124
6. ANEXOS........................................................................................................... 132

1. PRESENTACIÓN
Estimado estudiante, la presente guía está elaborada para entregar una visión completa de
la asignatura, por lo tanto es una ayuda académica para que usted pueda desarrollarla
desde el principio hasta el fin, en compañía del docente realizando las inquietudes
necesarias que tenga con respecto a lo presentado en la misma.
A través de esta guía, se proporcionará orientaciones precisas para apoyarle en las tareas
de aprendizaje contínuo de forma síncrona y asíncrona. Adicionalmente, en esta guía usted
encontrará referencias bibliográficas que le permitirán acudir a las mismas para expandir de
mejor manera y con un mejor detalle los temas establecidos.
En consecuencia, ésta asignatura tiene como objetivo primordial reforzar el proceso de

aprendizaje y enseñanza del Inglés, el desarrollo académico de los estudiantes y el proceso
comunicativo a través de la competencia lingüística que incluye las cuatro habilidades que
son escuchar, leer, hablar y escribir para certificar el nivel A2.2 enmarcado bajo los
estándares del Marco Común Europeo.
La presente guía didáctica está estructurada en cuatro unidades. En la primera unidad,

abordaremos el uso del condicional 0 & 1, como usar “need” & “needn’t” y el uso de los
cuantificadores “little, a little, few & a few”. En la segunda unidad, abordaremos el uso de
“going to” vs. “will”, como usar los infinitivos y el uso de los gerundios. En la tercera
unidad, abordaremos el uso de los participios que terminan en –ing / ed, el orden de los
adjetivos y el uso de la voz pasiva. En la cuarta unidad, abordaremos el uso de las tag-
questions, el uso de reported speech y las clausulas relativas.
Al respecto, es importante que usted tenga presente que, dada la naturaleza de la

asignatura, las unidades se abordarán secuencialmente como corresponde, pero sin
separarse de lo establecido.
Apreciado estudiante, es conveniente que tome en cuenta que el proceso de aprendizaje es

online debido a la pandemia del COVID-19 por tanto éste nivel, que corresponde al período
académico marzo 2021 – abril 2021, continuamos en la modalidad virtual y por lo cual usted
se halla inmerso en un reto que requiere de su esfuerzo y dedicación, pero en el que no está
solo.

Revise detenidamente el apartado “orientaciones para el estudio” en donde constan

indicaciones importantes para cursar con éxito esta asignatura.
¡Bienvenido, deseo que esta guía didáctica junto con los demás recursos académicos que
se trabajan en conjunto permitan que usted culmine exitosamente esta asignatura!

2. BIBLIOGRAFÍA
2.1. Básica
Abarca, D. (2020). Módulo A2.2. Riobamba, Ecuador.
Este módulo contiene todos los temas del nivel A2.2, los mismos que constan en la
Propuesta para la Enseñanza del idioma Inglés en los institutos técnicos y
tecnológicos superiores públicos del Ecuador.
2.2. Complementaria
Siefring, J (2004) Oxford Dictionary of Idioms. Second Edition. Oxford University

Press.
Stobbe, G (2008) Just Enough English Grammar Illustrated. McGraw-Hill.
Murphy, R (2015) Essential Grammar in Use. Fourth Edition. Cambridge University

Press.
Hall, D (2016) English for Everyone English Grammar Guide. DK Dorling

Kindersley Limited.
Murphy, R (2019) English Grammar in Use. Fifth Edition. Cambridge University

Press.

3. ORIENTACIONES GENERALES PARA EL ESTUDIO
Estimado estudiante, con la finalidad de que usted pueda adquirir las competencias
previstas en esta asignatura debe conocer lo siguiente:
3.1. Materiales Educativos
▪ La guía didáctica: Constituye un excelente recurso, dado que, utilizando un

lenguaje claro y sencillo, va abordando sistemáticamente los temas propuestos,
así como ejemplificándolos de la mejor forma posible.
 Sílabo: Es una herramienta de planificación y organización, que contiene toda la

información necesaria sobre la asignatura: objetivos, contenidos, secuencia
didáctica, metodologías, mecanismos de evaluación y referencias bibliográficas;
con el fin de que el estudiante pueda alcanzar los resultados esperados.
 Planificación: Es el proceso de especificación de la secuencia de actividades

prevista para un período académico, mediante las cuales se pretende conseguir los
objetivos de enseñanza fijados en el sílabo.
 Seguimiento del Sílabo: Es el instrumento que verifica el cumplimiento de las

actividades, objetivos, resultados de aprendizaje específicos, y otros aspectos
considerados en el sílabo.
 Atención al estudiante: Es el instrumento que permite llevar el control de las

actividades de atención a estudiantes en los procesos de docencia, titulación,
prácticas y vinculación.
 Control de cátedra: Es el instrumento que permite llevar el control diario de

asistencia de los estudiantes en cada asignatura.
3.2. Ambiente de Aprendizaje
Es necesario hacer hincapié en que usted es el artífice del proceso formativo y que la
dedicación que le preste a esta asignatura permitirá su aprendizaje.
El ambiente de aprendizaje será interactivo, sincrónico y asincrónico, donde el docente

estará comprometido con el proceso de aprendizaje; los estudiantes se convertirán en
actores con habilidades y modos de trabajo innovadores utilizando tecnologías de
vanguardia, recursos didácticos digitales, comprometidos con el uso responsable de las
herramientas; considerando valores como el respeto, la ética, la tolerancia, la solidaridad,

la ayuda, el compartir y muchos otros, que permitirán una buena convivencia a los
miembros de la comunidad educativa y la sociedad en general.
3.3. Apoyo tecnológico
 Aula Virtual en Moodle Institucional: Los profesores deben hacer uso

obligatorio del aula virtual asignada por cada asignatura de acuerdo a su
distributivo de trabajo.
 Mil Aulas: Es una plataforma educativa virtual que nos permite llevar a cabo un
sistema de gestión de cursos, de distribución libre, este tipo de recurso, ayuda a
los educadores a la configuración de la Comunidad de Aprendizaje On-Line.
 Plataforma Zoom: Es una plataforma de video y audio conferencia online para

empresas, profesionales y colectivos que necesitan mantener reuniones sin que la
distancia sea un impedimento para ello. Zoom funciona directamente desde el
navegador, pero también cuenta con app para iPhone/iPad, app Android,
complemento de Outlook y extensiones para navegador.
 Plataforma Jitsi: Es un proyecto financiado por la empresa Atlassian, con el que

se desarrolla un set de herramientas gratuitas y de código abierto con las que se
puede realizar videoconferencias. Jitsi es una alternativa a las aplicaciones de
video llamadas más populares que llevan desde 2003.
 Plataforma Google Meet: Es la nueva aplicación de videoconferencias de

Google. Cualquier persona con una cuenta de Google podrá iniciar o unirse a
reuniones con la duración de 60 minutos. Los invitados pueden unirse a la
videoconferencia en línea desde cualquier navegador web moderno en su
computadora, sin necesidad de instalar ningún software. También pueden unirse
desde sus dispositivos móviles con la app de Google Meet.
3.4. Autoevaluaciones
Estimado estudiante es muy importante que realice las autoevaluaciones que constan al
final de cada unidad, con la finalidad de que verifique si ha comprendido o no los
contenidos que se van abordando. Los solucionarios de cada autoevaluación se hallan al
término de la guía didáctica.

3.5. Normativa APA de citación
Una cuestión que cabe destacar es la importancia de conocer y manejar la normativa de

citación APA que permitirá gestionar las citas y referencias bibliográficas. A través de
este conjunto de estándares, es posible unificar la forma de presentación de trabajos
escritos a nivel internacional. Su manejo será tan importante en esta etapa.

4. PROCESO DE ENSEÑANZA APRENDIZAJE
1. UNIDAD I: IF YOU HEAT WATER TO 100 DEGREES, IT BOILS
LESSON 1
1.1. If you heat water to 100 degrees, it boils
LANGUAGE BUILDER: Types of Accidents
A Label the pictures with the words in the box.
motorbike accident slip and trip injury lifting and handling accident car accident
cyclist accident holiday accident a pile up accident medical negligence needlestick injury

READING
B. Read and answer the statements with T (true) or F (false) .
I saw an accident this morning while on my way to school. I was standing at the corner of
Park Lane and High Street. A man in a silver sports car was driving down Park Lane very
fast. He was speaking in his cell-phone and he did not stop at the stop sign. He crashed
into a lady in a big blue truck in the middle of the intersection. She was drinking coffee
while driving and it spilled all over her. They both got out of their cars and started yelling at
each other. The police arrived quickly and asked if I would be a witness to the accident.
They will be taking me to the police station later to make a statement.
True or False
……………. The man was drinking coffee while driving.

……………. The lady was on her phone.
……………. The man was calm after the accident.

……………. The accident happened on Park Lane.

……………. The police took a long time to arrive at the accident.
WRITING
C. What do you think?
Have you ever been involved in a car accident?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Do you think it is dangerous to drive while using a cell-phone?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
LISTENING
Track 1 D. Listen the dialogue and answer the statements.
Who had a car accident this morning?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Was Anthony hurt?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
How is Anthony’s neck?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Was Anthony paying attention while he was driving?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Were the people in the other car all right?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Was Anthony going fast?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Was Anthony wearing a seatbelt?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Did the police come?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
When do Anthony need to get his car fixed?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
GRAMMAR: Zero Conditional
Zero Conditional
The zero conditional is used to talk about things which are always true.
When the “if clause” or “conditional clause” comes first, use a comma to separate the clauses.
When the “if clause” or “conditional clause” comes second, don’t use a comma.
IF CLAUSE (condition) MAIN CLAUSE (result)

If / Simple Present Simple Present
when
If you heat water to 100 degrees, it boils.
Whe you freeze water, it becomes ice.
n
MAIN CLAUSE IF CLAUSE (condition)

(result)
Simple Present If / Simple Present
when
People die if they don’t eat.
An apple falls when you drop it.
E . Make the Zero Conditional.
1. If I ……………….. ( wake up) late, I ……………………………. (be) late for work.

2. If my husband ………………….. ( cook ), he ………………………. (cook) the
food.
3. If Julie …………………….. ( not / wear ) a hat, she …………………………….
(get)
sunstroke.
4. If children ……………………. ( not / eat ) well, they ………………………. (not /
be)
healthy.
5. If you …………………… ( mix) water and electricity, you ……………………. (get)
a shock.
6. If people ………………….. ( eat) too many sweets, they ……………………. (get)

fat.
7. If you ………………….. (smoke), you ………………………… (get) yellow fingers.
8. If children ………………….. ( play) outside, they ……………………… (not / get )
overweight.
9. If you ………………………..( heat) ice, it ……………………………. (melt) .
10. If I ……………………. ( speak) to John, he ………………………. (get) annoyed.
11. I ………………….. (feel) good the next day if I …………………………. (go) to bed
early.
12. Lots of people ………………….. (come) if Jenny ………………………… (have) a
party.
13. She……………………….. (buy) expensive clothes if she ……………………. (go)
shopping.
14. My daughter ………………… (pass) her exams if she ……………..…. (work)
hard.
15. David ……………………….. (be) sick if he …………………………. (drink) milk.
16. I ………………….. (like) to visit the museums if I …………………………. (be) in a
new city.
17. The river ………………….. (freeze) if it ……………………………. (be) very cold.
18. I …………………….. (cycle) to work if the weather………………………. (be) fine.
19. My flatmate ………………….. (clean) really well if she

……………………………….
(clean) the house.
20. Everybody …………………….. (be) grumpy if it ………………………. (rain) a lot.
F. Complete the zero conditional sentences with the verb in brackets. Use
contractions where possible.
1. If you press that button, the light …………………….. (come) on.
2. It's easier to sleep if you …………………… ( not / be) stressed.
3. The teacher gets angry if we ……………………… (not / work) hard.
4. If I ………………………. (go) on a boat, I always feel sick.
5. His mother gets annoyed if he ………………….. (be) late.
6. If I ………………………. (not / know) a word, I look in my dictionary.
7. They play football if they …………………………… (not / have) any homework.

8. If you freeze water, it ………………………….. (turn) to ice.

READING: Lie Detectors
G. Read and underline the zero conditional sentences.
Lie detectors detect small changes in a person’s body

when they aren’t telling the truth. If you tell a lie, you feel
stressed. And if you are stressed, your heart starts to beat
faster. The lie detectors measures your heart rate while
you are answering questions. It also checks your
breathing. You breathe slowly if you are relaxed, but if you tell a lie, you breathe more
quickly. Finally, it measures the sweat on your fingers. If you lie, you sweat more.
H. Read again and answer the questions.
What do lie detectors detect?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………..………………………………………………………………………………………………
What do lie detectors measure?
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..….
GRAMMAR: First Conditional
First Conditional
The first conditional is used to talk about future events that are likely to happen.
When the “if clause” or “conditional clause” comes first, use a comma to separate the clauses.
When the “if clause” or “conditional clause” comes second, don’t use a comma.
IF CLAUSE (condition) MAIN CLAUSE (result)
I Simple present Simple future

F
If it rains today, I will stay at home.
If I have time, I will visit my parents this afternoon.
MAIN CLAUSE IF CLAUSE (condition)

(result)
Simple future IF Simple present
You will get a discount if you pay now.

We will miss our bus if we don´t hurry.
I . Make the First Conditional.
1. If I ………………………..( go ) out tonight, I ……………………………. (go) to the cinema.

2. If you ………………………..( get) back late, I ……………………………. (be) angry.
3. If we ………………………..( not / see ) each other tomorrow, we …………………………….
(see) each other next week.
4. If he ………………………..( come ), I ……………………………. (be) surprised.
5. If we ………………………..( wait ) here, we ……………………………. (be) late.
6. If we ………………………..( go ) on holiday this summer, we ……………………………. (go)
to Spain.
7. If the weather ………………………..( not / improve ), we ……………………………. (not /
have) a picnic.
8. If I ………………………..( not / go ) to bed early, I ……………………………. (be) tired
tomorrow.
9. If we ………………………..( eat ) all this cake, we ……………………………. (feel) sick.
10. If you ………………………..( not / want ) to go out, I ……………………………. (cook) dinner
at home.
11. I ……………………….. (come) early if you ………………………………. (want)

12. They ……………………….. (go) to the party if they ………………………………. (be) invited.
13. She……………………….. (stay) in London if she ………………………………. (get) a job.
14. He ……………………….. (not / get) a better job if he ………………………………. (not /
pass) the exam.
15. I ……………………….. (buy) a new dress if I ………………………………. (have) enough
money.
16. She ……………………….. (cook) dinner if you ………………………………. (go) to the
supermarket.
17. They ……………………….. (go) on holiday if they ………………………………. (have) time.
18. We……………………….. (be) late if we ………………………………. (not / hurry).
19. She ……………………….. (take) a taxi if it ………………………………. (rain)
20. I ……………………….. (not / go ) if you ………………………………. (not / come) with me.
J. Put the verbs in brackets into the gaps. Form a conditional sentence – type I. Only

use the will-future in the main clauses. Mind the position of the if-clause.
1. If we ……………………….. (send) an invitation, our friends ………………………..( come)

to our party.
2. He ……………………….. (not / understand) you if you ……………………….. (whisper).
3. They …………………….. (not / survive) in the desert if they ………………………..
(not /
take) extra water with them.
4. If you ……………………….. ( press) , you ……………………….. ( save) the file.
5. You ………………………. ( cross) the Channel if you ………………….. (fly) from Paris
to
London.
6. Fred …………………….. (answer) the phone if his wife ………………….. (have) a
bath.
7. If Claire ………….…… (wear) this dress at the party, our guests ……………….. (not
/ stay) long.
8. If I ……………….. ( touch) this snake, my girlfriend ……………………….. (not /
scream).
9. She ……………….. (forget) to pick you up if you ……………………….. (not/
phone) her.
10. I ……………………….. (remember) you if you ……………………….. (give) me a photo.
READING
K . Read and answer the statements with TRUE (T) or FALSE (F).
I want to tell you about our life on

this island. My grandfather always
used to tell me that if you want to
succeed in life, you have to work
hard. This was clear when we got
here on this island in Myanmar.
The climate is hot, and there are many hazards here such as when the sea rises, the
beach becomes dangerous. We were sent here as part of our training. They said if we
don’t go, we won’t pass the course. Each day we have to find water and food.
Sometimes when we search we find dangerous animals, and we even found a bomb from
WW2. There is a danger from pirates too. If we hide from the pirates, we might be ok. I
thought that if the weather is good, I’ll be able to make a fire to cook some food, but
making a fire is very difficult with the things we have. If there is no wind tomorrow, we

might hear the sound of crocodiles.
1.His father used to tell him: “if you want to T ( ) / F ( )

succeed in life, you have to work hard.
2.This Island is in Myanmar. T ( ) / F ( )
3.The climate is cold. T ( ) / F ( )
4.There are a few hazards in this island. T ( ) / F ( )
5.When the sea rises, the beach becomes dangerous. T ( ) / F ( )
6.When they search they find domestic animals. T ( ) / F ( )
LISTENING
Track 2 L. Listen and answer the statements with T (true) or F

(false).
1 . He can play with his friends when he finishes his dinner. T ( ) / F ( )

2. They are going to build a tree house. T ( ) / F ( )
3. His mother will be happy if he doesn’t eat his vegetables. T ( ) / F ( )
4. Girls are allowed. T ( ) / F ( )
5. He is taking his boots if it snows. T ( ) / F ( )
6. The ground will be slippery. T ( ) / F ( )
LESSON 2
1.2. You needn’t be a chef for making spaghetti
LANGUAGE BUILDER: Illnesses & Cures
cold flu mumps chicken pox

measles arthritis heart disease cancer

mumps measles heart disease
cancer cold
arthritis flu chicken pox
LISTENING
Track 3
B Listen and circle the statements with T (true) or F (false).
1. A cold makes you cough and sneeze. T( ) / F( )

2. With the flu, people get a headache and T( ) / F( )
a stomachache.
3. Mumps make people have lumps T( ) / F( )
in their necks.
4. Chicken pox and Measles leave T( ) / F( )
you with itchy black dots.
5. People who get arthritis, their T( ) / F( )
bones get stiff and sore.
6. A healthy lifestyle can prevent T( ) / F( )
heart disease.
7. Smokers get liver cancer. T( ) / F( )
C. Listen again. Complete the notes. Use up to three words in each gap. What do
the speaker say about?
1. Some diseases are ………………… and some are not …………………………………

2. A cold makes you ………………… and ……………………………………………………

3. With the flu, you get ……………… and ……………………………………………………

4. If you have the flu, you will feel ………………………………………….You have to stay
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
5. The mumps make you have ……………… in your………………………………………
6. Chicken pox and measles leave you with………………………………….…on your
skin.
7. A healthy lifestyle can prevent ………………………………………………………………
8. Many smokers get…………………………………………………………………………….
READING
D. Read about cures for diseases and answer the questions.
The term "cure" means that, after

medical treatment, the patient no longer
has that particular condition anymore.
Some diseases can be cured. Others,

like hepatitis B, have no cure. The
person will always have the condition, but medical treatments can help to manage the
disease.
Medical professionals use medicine, therapy, surgery, and other treatments to help
lessen the symptoms and effects of a disease. Sometimes these treatments are cures
in other words, they get rid of the disease. For example, doctors treat athlete's
foot using antifungal creams, powders, or sprays that kill the fungus causing the
disease.
When a disease can't be cured, doctors often use treatments to help control it. For
example, one type of diabetes happens when the pancreas does not make enough
insulin to get glucose into cells where it's needed. Doctors treat people with diabetes
using insulin injections and other methods so they can continue to live normal lives.
But right now there's no cure for diabetes. So some people need insulin treatments
for the rest of their lives.
The good news is that researchers are constantly coming up with advances in
medicine. So it's possible that a disease that can be treated but not cured today may
be cured in the future.

1. What does the term “cure” mean?

The term "cure" means that, after medical treatment, the patient no longer has
that particular condition anymore.
2. Does hepatitis B have cure?
Hepatitis B, have not cure.
3. What do medical professionals use to lessen the symptoms and effects
of a disease?
Medical professionals use medicine, therapy, surgery, and other treatments to
help lessen the symptoms and effects of a disease.
4. How do doctors treat athlete's foot?
Doctors treat athlete's foot using antifungal creams, powders, or sprays that
kill the fungus causing the disease.
5. How do doctors treat people with diabetes?
Doctors treat people with diabetes using insulin injections and other methods
so they can continue to live normal lives. But right now there's no cure for
diabetes.
GRAMMAR: Need / Needn’t / Didn’t need to / Needn’t have
Need to / Needn’t / Didn’t need to / Needn’t have
These expressions are related with the necessity to do something.
NEED TO :
Meaning: necesito, necesitas,
necesita etc.
It’s used to express the idea that it’s
necessary to do something. Use: It’s used in present.
Structure: subject + need to + verb +

complement
Examples:
 I need to buy a house.
 She needs to study English.
NEEDN’T Meaning: no necesito, no necesitas

etc.
It’s used to express the idea that
something Use: It’s used in present.
is not necessary.
Structure: subject + needn’t + verb +
complement
Examples:
 She needn’t buy a new
book.
 You needn’t arrive early.

.
Note: Don’t use “to” after “needn’t”

DIDN’T NEED TO
Meaning: no necesitaba / no
necesitabas no necesitábamos etc.
It’s used when something was
unnecessary so we didn’t do it. Use: It’s used in past.
Structure: subject + didn’t need to +

verb + complement
Examples:
 We didn’t need to pay for
the tickets.
 They didn’t need to call their

boss.
Needn’t have Meaning: no tenía que haber, no

tenías que haber etc.
It’s used when something was
unnecessary but you did it. Use: This is the perfect modal form
Structure: subject + needn’t have +

verb p.p. + complement
Examples:
 He needn’t have called his
girlfriend.
 You needn’t have sold

your car so cheap.
E. For each sentence, choose either "needn't have" or "didn't need to" to
fill the spaces.
1. I ……………………………. (go) to work today but I went as I knew they were

really busy on this new contract.
2. I ……………………………. (take) any money to the museum. I didn't realize it
was free to enter.
3. Sheila ……………………………. (get) a taxi to the party. I would have given her a
lift in my car.
4. Oh Mike, you ……………………. (buy) me anything for my birthday! A simple card
would have been perfectly acceptable.
5. Today was the last day of school and we ………………………. (attend) classes in
the afternoon.

6. We went for a lovely walk in the woods yesterday. We took a huge picnic with us
but
there was a café there anyway. We ……………………………. (take) anything!
7. Our boss told us we had an extra three days to finish the project so we
……………………….. (work) so hard.
8. You ……………………………. (say) anything to Carla about the broken vase.
She
understood what had happened anyway.
F. Form statements with needn’t.
1. We clean the bike every day.

We ……………………………………. …………………………every day.
2. They buy new t-shirts.
They …………………………………………………………………………..
3. The pupils be on time today.
……………………………………………………………….. on time today.
4. They go to the computer club today.
…………………………………………………………………………………..
5. The pupils eat lunch at school.
……………………………………………………………………………………
6. They wash the dishes daily.
They……………………………………………………………………… daily.
7. She carries an umbrella. It’s sunny.
……………………………………………………………………….. It’s sunny.
8. You take your shoes off.
You ………………………………………………………………………...........
9. You water the garden tonight.
……………………………………………………………………………tonight.
10. You shout. I can hear you perfectly.
…………………………………………………………………………………….
G. Complete with: didn’t need / needn’t have
1. She …………………………. (walk). I would have given her a lift in my car.

2. We ………………………… (do) overtime. Business seems to be slackening these
days.
3. I ……………………. (write) her telephone number in my diary. I never phoned her
once.
4. I …………………………… (write) her telephone number in my diary. I still had a mind
for
numbers then.
5. We ………………………………… (come) to school today! There is a teachers’ strike.
6. The car wasn’t dirty. You …………………………………….. (wash) it.
7. I …………………………… (tell) her what I felt for her. It was written all over my face.
She
understood.
8. We …………………….. (wait) for the ferry. We found out later that it doesn’t operate in
winter.
9. They ……………………………………… (send) each other postcards. They could e-
mail!
10. You .................................................... (buy) me a newspaper. I’ve already got one!
LESSON 3
1.3. Can you discount it a little?

LANGUAGE BUILDER: Professions and Workplaces
Massage therapist Laboratory animal caretaker Nursing assistant Pediatrician

Home health aide Physician Therapist Pharmacist Dental assistant
…………………………… ………………………….. ………………………..
…………………………… …………………………… ……………………………..
…………………………. ………………………………. ……………………………..
WRITING
B. Write the medical professions to their descriptions.
A ……………………………….. is a physician that specializes in children.

A …………………………… takes on the administrative duties in a dental office, and

they
may be required to perform basic patient care.
A ……………………… is a health care professional in charge of dispensing
prescription
medications to patients and medical facilities.
A …………………helps patients overcome mental disorders that affect their daily lives.
A …………………………… is in charge of assisting a home-bound patient with day-to-
day tasks, like bathing, dressing, and housekeeping.
A ………………………… is a person who uses touch to manipulate muscles in the
body.
A ………………………………. assists workers in veterinary offices and pet clinics.
They
are in charge of feeding and watering pets, and they typically have to clean out cages
that house animals.
A ……………………treats and diagnoses patients. Many of them work in hospitals,
but
they may also operate their own firms.
A ……………………………………is someone who helps a registered nurse or licensed
vocational nurse get through a day at work.
C. Complete the following sentences with the correct workplaces from the box.
laboratory salon office fishing boat hotel library school police station
university bar studio restaurant travel agency bakery court of law
hospital
1. A doctor and a nurse work in a ……………………………….

2. A lawyer and a judge work in a ……………………………….
3. A teacher works in a ……………………………….
4. A professor works in a ……………………………….
5. A secretary works in an ……………………………….
6. A hairdresser works in a ……………………………….
7. A scientist works in a ……………………………….
8. A cook works in a ……………………………….
9. A bartender works in a ……………………………….

10. A policeman and a policewoman work in a ……………………………….
11. A receptionist works in a ……………………………….

12. A baker works in a ……………………………….
13. A photographer works in a ……………………………….
14. A fisherman works in a ……………………………….
15. A librarian works in a ……………………………….
16. A travel agent works in a ……………………………….
GRAMMAR: Quantifiers A little or little & A few or few
QUANTIFIERS
A LITTLE: Meaning: un poco
It has a positive meaning. Use: uncountable nouns

It is used to describe a small quantity,
but possibly it is enough and more Examples:
than expected.
 She saves a little money every
month.
 There is a little pasta.
Meaning: poco
LITTLE
Use: uncountable nouns
It has a negative meaning.
It implies a quantity which is essentially Examples:
small or smaller than expected. This
time the amount is “ almost nothing ”  They made little progress.
or “ nearly nothing”  They have very little knowledge
about Mathematics.
A FEW:
Meaning: unos pocos
It has a positive meaning
It is used to describe a small quantity, Use: plural countable nouns
but possibly it is enough and more
than expected. Examples:
 A few people came to the party.

 They were silent for a few
minutes.
FEW
Meaning: pocos
It has a negative meaning.
It implies a quantity which is essentially Use: plural countable nouns
small or smaller than expected. This
time the amount is “ almost nothing “ Examples:
or “ nearly nothing”.
 Few people understand me.

 Few snakes are dangerous.
D. Write “a few” or “a little”.
1. He speaks ……………….. Spanish, so we were able to find a nice room in Madrid.

2. There are only ……………….. bananas left in the box.
3. We need ……………….. butter for this cake.
4. The teacher gives us ……………….. time to prepare before a test.
5. There are only ……………….. days left to hand in the reports.
6. I bought ……………….. apples in this shop.
7. Could I have ……………….. milk in my coffee, please?
8. Look! There are ……………….. mice on the roof.
9. We saw ……………….. people at the bus stop.
10. We have ……………….. ketchup and ……………….. sausages left.
E. Complete with “little” or “few”.
1. ……………………. sugar
2. ……………………. time
3. ……………………. houses
4. ……………………. cheese
5. ……………………. cars
6. ……………………. money
7. ……………………. children
8. ……………………. girls
9. ……………………. coffee
10. ……………………. hobbies
F. Complete with “a little” or “little”, “ a few” or “few”.
1. The new worker is very lazy. She does …………………………. work.

2. In this region there are ……………………… restaurants. People can’t find any one easily.
3. We’ve got …………………………. money. It’s enough to live with dignity.
4. I’ve got …………………………. free time. My job is too stressful.
5. Yesterday I went to the theatre with …………………………. friends.
6. He is hungry because he has very …………………………. money.
7. She speaks English very well. She has …………………………. mistakes.
8. There are …………………………. guests in this hotel. It’s almost empty.

G. Complete with “few” or “ little”.
1 There’s …………………………. milk in the fridge. Let’s go to the supermarket.

2 You’ve got …………………………. friends. Have you got any problems at school?
3 There are …………………………. apples. We have to buy some.
4 There were …………………………. students in class yesterday. Most of them were ill.
5 We’ve got …………………………. time. Hurry up!
6 I’ve got …………………………. money this month.
NOTAS IMPORTANTES:
En esta unidad los estudiantes han logrado comprender el uso de los

condicionales 0 & 1, así como el uso de need & needn’t y como usar
los cuantificadores “little, a little, few & a few”.
Una vez que hemos finalizado la primera unidad, sugiero que intente
contestar la AUTOEVALUACIÓN 1, la misma que le permitirá verificar
su progreso y de ser el caso obtener una retroalimentación con su
docente para identificar puntos en los que pueda mejorar.
Estimado estudiante revise el solucionario una vez llena la

autoevaluación y compruebe sus conocimientos. En caso de que los
resultados sean insatisfactorios es recomendable volver a revisar la
unidad para su comprensión. Cualquier duda por favor hacerme llegar.

AUTOEVALUACIÓN 1
Read all the questions carefully and answer them.
1. Form the zero conditional.

If you ……….(to mix) red and green, you ……………… (to get) brown.
……………………………………………………………………………………
2. Choose the correct option.
He never …………. (to buy) lunch if he …………… (to have / not)
cash.
 buy / didn’t have
 buys / doesn’t have
 to buy / wouldn’t have
3. Form the first conditional.

I ……….(to clean) the room if you ……………… (to paint) the room.
………………………………………………………………………………….

If the weather …………. (to be) good, we ………….. (to go) to the
beach.
 will be / go
 to be / will go
 is / will go
5. Complete the blank space with “need” or “needn’t”

 You ………………… to get an appointment 2 months is advance
to guarantee seeing the orthodontist.
 She ……………….. take her shoes off.
6. Select the correct option.

She took her money with her but her boyfriend paid.
She ………………….. her money with her because her
boyfriend paid.
 didn’t need to take
 needn’t have taken

She didn’t take her money with her, her boyfriend always paid.
She ……………………. her money with her, because her boyfriend
always paid.
8. Choose the correct option

There’s ……………. tea left.
 few
 little

There were …………… lions there.
 few
 little

I need …………. sleep.
 a few
 a little

2. UNIDAD II: I’M GOING TO PAY FOR THIS LUNCH!
LESSON 1
2.1. I’m going to pay for this lunch!
LANGUAGE BUILDER: Places to eat “At the Restaurant”
starter side dish main course dessert a la carte

cutlery doggie bag tablecloth centerpiece
……………….. …………………….. ………………………
…………………… …………………….. ……………………………
………………………. ………………….. ………………………….

LISTENING
Track 4 B. Listen and answer the questions.
What will Charlie have?

………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………..
What is Elizabeth going to have?
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
How does Charlie want his steak?
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
What would they like to drink?
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
What will Charlie and Elizabeth have for dessert?
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
SPEAKING
C. Work in pairs and make a dialogue ordering something to eat.

Student A: waiter / waitress and Student B: customer.
Yes, please. I’ll have Good afternoon. Are you ready

chicken fried steak. to order?
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
……..
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………
READING
D. Here are four people talking about eating out. After you read,
answer each question with a paragraph number (0 - 4).
1.The last time I went to a

restaurant was about 2
months ago. My wife and I
wanted to celebrate our
wedding anniversary with a
good meal so we went to an expensive Italian restaurant in downtown
Lisbon. We both had pasta to start and for the main course my wife
ordered a steak and I chose fish. For dessert we both ate chocolate
cake topped with fresh cream. Delicious!
2. I went to a restaurant yesterday evening with

my sister's children. It wasn't very expensive
and the menu was very limited. We all had a
burger and French fries, and drank cola. It
wasn't very good.
3. My boyfriend loves spicy

food so this restaurant was

perfect. The waiters were all really friendly and polite, and they played
traditional sitar music which was very relaxing. The menu offered
vegetarian dishes as well as meat dishes served with rice and a sauce,
it depended on how hot you wanted it! I chose a mild beef curry but my
boyfriend had a lamb 'vindaloo' - he also drank 2 liters of water!!
4. My class at the
university went there last
weekend. It's a very
popular type of restaurant
in my country. It generally offers one type of food (a kind of bread with
cheese and tomato sauce) which you then choose what ingredients to
add on top of it. I asked for olives and mushrooms on mine and my
classmates each had something different so we could taste a piece of
each person's meal.
1. In which text did the person go there for a special occasion?
2. In which text did the person visit an Indian restaurant?
3. In which text did the person eat pizza?
4. In which text did the person eat fast food?
5. In which text did someone eat seafood?
6. In which text did the person talk about the atmosphere of the restaurant?
7. Which restaurant was cheap?
8. In which text didn't the person enjoy their meal?
9. In which text did someone eat a very hot dish?
10. In which text did the person have a vegetarian meal?
GRAMMAR: Be going to vs Will

BE GOING TO vs WILL
“Be going to” and “Will” mean

the same and they are used to make Examples:
predictions about the future  She is going to succeed because
she works hard.
.
 She will succeed because she
works hard.
Be going to (but not will) is used to Examples

express a prior plan ( a plan  I bought some wood because I am
made before the moment of going to build a bookcase for my
speaking) apartment.
Examples
Will (but not be going to ) is used to  The chair is too heavy for you to
express a decision the speaker carry alone. I will help you.
makes at the moment of speaking.
E. Is the speaker expressing plans made before the moment of speaking

(prior plans)? If so, circle yes. If not, circle no.
PRIOR PLAN?
1. A: Did you return Carmen’s phone call? yes no

B: No, I forgot. Thanks for reminding me. I’ll call her
right away.
2. A: I’m going to call Martha later this evening. Do you yes no

want to talk her too?
B: No, I don’t think so.
3. A: Jacob is in town for a few days. yes no

B: Really? Great! I’ll give him a call. Is he staying at
his Aunt Lara’s?
4. A: Alex is in town for a few days. yes no

B: I know. He called me yesterday. We’re going to get
together for dinner after I get off work tonight.
5. A: I need some fresh air. I’m going for a short walk. yes no
B: I’ll go with you.
6. A: I’m going to take Hamid to the airport tomorrow yes no

morning. Do you want to come along?
B: Sure.
7. A: We’re going to go to Uncle Scott’s over the break. yes no

Are you interested in coming with us?
B: Gee, I don’t know. I’ll think about it. When do you
need to know?
SPEAKING & WRITING
F. Restate the sentences orally and in writing. Use be going to.
My trip to Thailand
1. I’m planning to be away for three

weeks.
2. My husband and I are planning to
stay in small towns
and camp on the beach.
3. We’re planning to bring a tent.
4. We’re planning to celebrate our wedding anniversary
there.
5. My father, who was born in Thailand, is planning to join us, but he’s planning to stay in a
hotel.
1. …………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. …………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. …………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. …………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. …………………………………………………………………………………………………
G. Complete the sentences with “be going to” and “will”. Use “be
going to” to express a prior plan.

1. A: Are you going by the post office today? I need to mail this letter.
B: Yeah, I ’ll mail it for you.
A: Thanks
2. A: Why are you carrying that package?

B: It’s for my sister. I ‘m going to mail it to her.
3. A: Why did you buy so many eggs?

B: I ………………………………….….. make a special dessert.
4. A: I have a book for Joe from Rachel. I’m not going to see him today.
B: Let me have it. I ……………………………………. give it to him. He’s
in my algebra class.
5. A: Did you apply for the job you told me about?

B: No, I ………………………………… take a few more classes and get
more experience.
6. A: Did you know that I found an apartment on 45th Street? I’m planning
to move soon.
B: That’s a nice area. I …………………………. help you move if you like.
A: Great! I’d really appreciate that.
7. A: Why can’t you come to the party?

B: We ………………………………. be with my husband’s family that
weekend.
8. A: I have to leave. I don’t have time to finish the dishes

B: No problem. I ………………………… do them for you.
9. A: Do you want to go to the meeting together?

B: Sure. I …………………………………… meet you by the elevator in
ten minutes.

LESSON 2
2.2. I can’t afford to buy a new car.
LANGUAGE BUILDER: Ways to Cook
A. Label the pictures with the words in the box.
chop slice dice peel pour add grate whip spread melt knead roll out
………………… ………………. ……………… …....................
……………….. …………….. ………………….. …………………
………………. ………………….. ……………… ………………….

B. Circle the correct answers.
1. Spread / Grate the five slices of bread with jam.

2. Don’t add / whip oil to the salad.
3. Whip / Melt the whipping cream with a whisk.
4. Slice / Roll out two pieces of cheese.
5. He chopped / kneaded a tomato.
6. Dice / Spread the onion for the salad.
7. She peeled / grated the banana to prepare fruit salad.
8. Pour / Peel the milk and eggs.
9. Grate / Roll out the cheese for the pizza.
10. You have to melt / slice the butter.
11. knead / Pour the dough.

12. Roll out / Spread the dough .
C. Work in pairs. Look at the kitchen utensils in the box. Take turns telling
your partner which utensils you use for each task.
spoon whisk chopping board frying pan knife jug

peeler rolling pin grater colander ladle
1. to whip something ………………….. 2. to dice vegetables…………………….......

3.to serve juice………………………… 4. to fry eggs …………………………………
5. to chop onion……………………….. 6. to eat food…………………………………
7. to peel potatoes ……………………. 8 to roll out the dough………………………
9. to grate cheese …………………….. 10. to serve soup………………………….…
11. to drain pasta………………………
SPEAKING
D. Which do you prefer, home cooking or restaurant food? Discuss in pairs.
I prefer home cooking because. It’s cheaper

and I know how food is prepared.
LISTENING
E. Listen and answer the statements with T (true) or F

Track 5
(false).
1. Anne is preparing a surprise for mom and dad. T ( ) / F ( )

2. Anne is making lasagna. . T ( ) / F ( )
3. Anne needs to slice mushrooms, onions and T ( ) / F ( )
broccolis into small pieces.
4. Ann can’t focus on it if Tom keeps walking around T ( ) / F ( )
in the kitchen.
5. Pasta is sweet and so delicious. T ( ) / F ( )
6. Tom added the parsleys. T ( ) / F ( )
GRAMMAR: Verb + Infinitive
VERB + INFINITIVE
Common Verbs followed by Infinitives
want intend seem

need mean appear
would like decide pretend
would love promise learn (how)
hope offer try
expect agree (can’t) afford
plan refuse (can’t) wait
Verb + Infinitive Examples
Some verbs are followed by an  Tom offered to lend me some

infinitive. money.
 I’ve decided to buy a new car.
Infinitive = to + simple form
of the verb.
Negative Form Examples
not + infinitive  I’ve decided not to keep my

old car.
The negative form is formed by  I would like not to sing so
putting on “not” in front of any loudly.
form of the infinitive.
F. Complete each sentence with the correct form of a word from the list.

be fly to hear lend visit

buy get to hurt see watch
eat go to leave tell
1. I’m planning to fly to / to go to Chicago next week.

2. Hasan promised not …………………………. late for the wedding.
3. My husband and I would love ………………………….Fiji.
4. What time do you expect …………………………. Chicago?
5. You seem …………………………. in a good mood today.
6. Nadia appeared …………………………. asleep, but she wasn’t. She was only pretending.
7. Nadia pretended ……………………. asleep. She pretended not …………………….
me when I spoke to her.
8. The Millers can’t afford …………………………. a house.
9. My friend offered …………………………. me some money.
10. Tommy doesn’t like broccoli. He refuses …………………………. It.
11. My wife and I wanted to do different things this weekend. Finally, I agreed …………………
a movie with her on Saturday, and she agreed …………………………. the football game
with me on Sunday.
12. I try …………………………. class on time every day.
13. I can’t wait …………………………. my family again! It’s been a long time.
14. I’m sorry. I didn’t mean …………………………. you.
15. I learned how …………………………. time when I was six. ………………………….
SPEAKING
G. Work in pairs and ask the question.
Where would you like to go on

vacation?

LESSON 3
2.3. Sam misses playing with his Friends.
LANGUAGE BUILDER: Types of Products “Beauty Salon Products”
hair dryer curling iron flat iron water spray bottle hair extensions
curlers hair dye electric razor make up kit
………………………. …………………………. ……………………………
……………………… ……..………………. ………….……………….

………………………… ………………………… ………………………….
LISTENING
Track 6 B. Listen and answer the statements with T (true) or F

(false).
1. Mrs. Jolie would like to make an appointment T ( ) / F ( )

for Scissors Hair Salon.
2. Mrs. Jolie wants to dye her hair. T ( ) / F ( )
3. Mrs. Jolie wants to go to the beauty salon on T ( ) / F ( )
Saturday morning.
4. Her appointment is at 12 o’clock. T ( ) / F ( )
5. Trudy took Mrs. Jolie’s appointment. T ( ) / F ( )
GRAMMAR: Verb + Gerund
VERB + GERUND
Common Verbs followed by Gerunds

The verbs in the list are followed by
gerunds
enjoy avoid encourage
The list also contains phrasal verbs (e.g.,
finish can’t bear don’t mind
put off) that are followed by gerunds.
quit can’t help put off
mind can’t see keep on
The verbs in the list are not followed by:
postpone continue think about
to + simple form of a verb ( an infinitive)
consider detest talk about
discuss deny miss
Verb + gerund Examples

Some verbs are followed by a  I enjoyed walking in the park..

gerund.  Ann finished studying at
midnight.
Gerund = is the ing form of a  David quit smoking.
verb.  I postponed doing my
homework.
 They discussed getting a new
car.
Negative Form Examples
 I considered not going to
not + gerund class.
 I miss not taking walks in the
The negative form is formed by morning.
putting on “not” in front of the
gerund.
C. Complete each sentence with the correct form of a verb from the list.
clean close eat hand in hire pay sleep smoke work
1. The boys own a bakery. They work seven days a week and they are very
tired. They are thinking about
a. …………………………….. fewer hours a day.
b. …………………………….. their shop for a few weeks and going on
vacation.
c. …………………………….. more workers for their shop.
2. Joseph wants to live a healthier life. He made several New Year’s
resolutions. For example he has quit
a. …………………………….. cigars.
b. …………………………….. high – fat foods.
c. …………………………….. until noon on weekends.
3. Martina is a procrastinator.* She puts off

a. …………………………….. her bills.
b. …………………………….. her assignments to her teacher.
c. …………………………….. her apartment.

D. Complete each sentence with a gerund.
1. We discussed driving to the ocean for our vacation.

2. The Porter’s car is too small for their growing family. They’re considering
……………………………. a bigger one.
3. When Martha finished ……………………………….the floor, she dusted the furniture.
4. Beth doesn’t like her job. She is talking about ………………………………. a different job.
5. A: Are you listening to me?
B: Yes. Keep on ………………………… . I’m listening.
6. A: Do you want to take a break?

B: No. I’m not tired yet. Let’s keep on ………………………………… for another hour or so.
7. A: Would you mind …………………………. the window?
B: No problem. I’m too hot too.
LISTENING
Track 7
E. Listen the songs and complete with an infinitive or a gerund.
1. I want ………………………….. free.

2. I need ………………………….. real love.
3. I know I tend ………………………….. so insecure.
4. I’d like ………………………….. myself believe.
5. Struggling ………………………….. rent.
6. There was a time I used ………………………….. in my father’s eyes.
7. I hate ………………………….. up out of the blue uninvited.
8. We refused …………………………..
9. A tiger’s waiting ………………………….. tamed, singing
10. So I cross my heart and I hope ………………………….
11. What am I supposed …………………………..?
12. But I ain’t keen on ………………………….. either.
13. But I can’t help ………………………….. in love with you.
14. I don’t mind ………………………….. every day.
15. Today I don’t feel like ………………………….. anything.
16. Now I’ve done ………………………….. you.

NOTAS IMPORTANTES:
En esta unidad los estudiantes han logrado comprender el
uso de “going to” vs. “will”, el uso de los infinitivos y de los
gerundios.
Una vez que hemos finalizado la segunda unidad, sugiero

que intente contestar la AUTOEVALUACIÓN 2, la misma que
le permitirá verificar su progreso y de ser el caso obtener una
retroalimentación con su docente para identificar puntos en
los que pueda mejorar.
Estimado estudiante revise el solucionario una vez llena

la autoevaluación y compruebe sus conocimientos. En
caso de que los resultados sean insatisfactorios es
recomendable volver a dar un vistazo a la unidad.
AUTOEVALUACIÓN 2
1. Complete with “will” or “be going to” and the verb in parentheses.
Have you got any plans for tomorrow?
Yes, I …………………… my grandparents. (visit)

We are thirsty.
Wait here. I ……………. some water.

 will get
 am going to get
3. Write the word that corresponds to this description.

It is a bag used by a restaurant customer or party guest to take home
leftover food, supposedly for their dog.
…………………………………………………………………………………
4. Complete the blank space with “will” or “be going to”

Meat or fish?
I …………………… have some fish, please.
5. Write the verb that corresponds to this description.

Cut something, especially food into slices.
……………………………………………………………………………......
6. Complete the blank space with the infinitive or gerund.

Fred avoided …………………. to Peter. (talk)
7. Select the infinitive or gerund.

We agreed ……………………….. on the project together.
 to work
 working

It is a roller or clasp around which a lock of hair is wrapped to curl it.
………………………………………………………………………………
9. Order the sentence.

can’t bear / he / so much / responsibility / having
…………………………………………………………………………………………

We are not planning ……………………. the hotel much longer.
 renovating
 to renovate
3. UNIDAD III: JOHN IS INTERESTED IN ART BECAUSE IT’S INTERESTING
LESSON 1
3.1 John is interested in art because It’s interesting
LANGUAGE BUILDER: Shopping Habits and Money
bill (US) / note (GB) fiver = a £ 5 note tenner = a £ 10 note cheque (GB) / check (US)
a penny a nickel a dime a quarter a half buck / dollar quid / pound euro
……………… ……………………….. ………………. ………………….
………………… ……………………. ……………………. …………………

………………. ……………………….. ……………………. ………………….
READING
B. Read and answer the questions.
Money is what you

use to buy things.
You may earn
money from
completing
household chores,
getting good grades, for your allowance, or for losing a tooth! Money is
very important in our world and comes in many different forms.
People have been using money for hundreds of years. Before money
gave specific values for things, people simply traded items. In the
United States, we use the dollar as our currency or money, but people
in different parts of the world use different currencies, though some
countries also use or accept our dollars.
People earn money from the jobs, they work and use that money to
save for the future, pay for their houses, cars, food, taxes, medical
needs and household items among other things. Even things such as
turning the lights on, using the air conditioning or heat, and connecting
to the internet cost money.
 How long have people used money for ?  According to the author of
this story, money is
a. They started recently
b. hundreds of years a. very important
c. thousands of years b. only used in
d. since the beginning of time America

c. only earned by
adults
d. not very important
 The dollar is  What did people do before

there was money?
a. used in every country in the world
b. never used in other countries a. They just never got
c. not used very much in the United what they needed
States. b. They made
d. used in the United States everything themselves
c. The story doesn’t tell
d. People traded to get
what they needed.
 Select all of the things that money might

be used for
a. to pay bills
b. to buy things
c. to save for the future
d. to pay you for doing your chores
SPEAKING
C. Shopping habbits Survey
Work in pairs and ask your classmate.
Name: ……………………………………………….
Do you go to the market?
Do you go to the supermarket?
Which supermarket do you go
to?
Do you go to small shops?
Do you go to the town centre?
Which shops are popular in your city and why?

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
Which shops do you like? why?
Use these words to help you write your answers:

big small fresh clean cheap expensive affordable near my house
I like shopping at CCI in Quito. It is near

my house. It is quite big. It is affordable.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
READING: Shopping
D. Read the text and answer the questions.
I go shopping on Saturday. I go to the town centre to buy things for the house,
for my children or for work. Sometimes I go with my husband. We go to a café
for a cup of tea. On the way home, we go to the supermarket to buy food
1. When does Sarah go shopping?

……………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Where does she go?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Who does she go with?
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
4. What does she have in a café?
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
5. Where does she go on the way home?
…………………………………………………………………………………………….

GRAMMAR: Ing / ed Participles
ING / ED PARTICIPLES
A participle is an adjective made

from a verb.
The two types of participles are:
 The present participle (ending ing)

 The past participle (usually ending
-ed, -d, -t, -en, or -n).
Present Participle ( - ing) Examples

It is used to describe the characteristics  I watched an interesting TV
of a person, thing or situation. program about American history
last night.
 The film is boring. Let’s stop
watching it.
Past Participle ( - ed) Examples
It is used to describe how people  I am interested in America
feel about something or someone. history.
It describes an emotion or a feeling.  I am bored of my job. I want to
find another one.
E. Choose the right form for each sentence.
1. The people I work with are …………………………….. with their jobs.

a. satisfied
b. satisfying
2. John was …………………………….. by the news report.

a. disgusted
b. disgusting
3. We thought that the instructions were ……………………………..

a. confusing
b. confused
4. It’s an …………………………….. little story. You should read it.

a. amused
b. amusing
5. Working late every day is ……………………………..

a. tiring
b. tired
6. I’m not really …………………………….. in sport.

a. interesting
b. interested
7. Do you feel …………………………….. about them?

a. worrying
b. worried
8. All this information is making me ……………………………..

a. confusing
b. confused
9. I had a …………………………….. weekend because of the rain.

a. boring
b. bored
10. Young children are often …………………………….. of the dark.

a. scared
b. scaring
F. Choose the correct adjective.
1. My nephew was …………………………. (amused / amusing) by

the
clown.
2. It’s so …………………………. (frustrated / frustrating) ! No matter
how much I study I remember this vocabulary.
3. This lesson is so …………………………. (bored / boring)
4. I’m feeling …………………………. (depressed / depressing) so,
I’m going to home, eat some chocolate, and go to bed early with a
good book.

5. I thought her idea was absolutely ………………………….

(fascinated / fascinating)
6. This maths problem is so …………………………. (confused /
confusing) ! Can you help me?
7. The teacher was really …………………………. (amused /
amusing), so the lesson passed quickly.
8. The journey was …………………………. (exhausted / exhausting) !
Twelve hours by bus!
9. The plane began to move in a rather ………………………….
(alarmed / alarming) way.
10. He was …………………………. (frightened / frightening ) when he
saw the spider.
11. I was really …………………………. (embarrased / embarrasing)
when I fell over in the street.
12. The film was so …………………………. (depressed /
depressing) ! There was no happy ending for any of the characters.
13. I’m sorry, I can’t come tonight. I’m completely ……………………
(exhausted / exhausting)
14. We are going in a helicopter? How ……………………… (excited /
exciting) !
15. Don’t show my baby photos to people, Mum! It’s so
…………………………. (embarrassed / embarrasing)
16. It’s okay, It’s only me. Don’t be …………………………. (alarmed /
alarming)
17. My sister is so …………………………. (excited / exciting)
because she is going on holiday tomorrow.
18. I hate long flights. I’m always really …………………………. (bored /
boring)
19. She looked very …………………………. (confused / confusing)
when I told her we had to change the plan.
20. John was …………………………. (fascinated / fascinating) by
Mandarin when he first started learning languages.
LISTENING
Track 8
G. Listen four TV series scenes and complete with the correct
participle.

1.
AGITATED / AGITATING
Miranda thinks she is having a heart attack. She goes to the

hospital. Miranda is ……………………… She feels
………………………… The situation is ……………………………
2. AMAZING / AMAZED
Meredith finds out she’s been dominated for an award. Maggie

thinks the situation is ………………………….. Maggie asks
Meredith if she is …………............. .
3. EXHAUSTED / EXHAUSTING
Miranda is talking to her husband Ben about managing her life and
career. Her life is ………………………. She feels
…………………………. . Her husband is ………………………….
4. AMAZING / AMAZED
Jane tells Stacy about the night she spent with her boyfriend. The
night was …………………….. Her boyfriend was
………………………….. and made her feel
…………………………………….. She was ………………………..
and made him feel …………………………………… They were
………………………………., together.

LESSON 2
3.2 It’s a really nice city
LANGUAGE BUILDER: Hobbies and Personalities
dancing gardening doing puzzles riding a horse climbing cycling painting cooking
hard – working friendly calm honest impatient nervous brave bad-tempered

…………………….. ………………………… ………………… ………………………………
…………..
……………. ….. ……………………. …………………………..

………………………….
……………………….. …………………………. …………………………… ………………………….
…………………. ………………………………. ……………………………. …………………………….
LISTENING
Track 9 B. Listen the dialogue between Tony and

Samantha and
circle if the statement is true or false.
1. Samantha and Tony met Scot Finch from university. T( ) / F( )
2. Scot Finch was shy and polite. T( ) / F( )
3. Scot Finch is in Japan now. T( ) / F( )
4. Scot Finch stole a lot of money from the bank that T( ) / F( )

he was working at.
5. Scot Finch wasn’t very sociable. T( ) / F( )
6. Scot Finch was helpful, kind, intelligent. T( ) / F( )

and charming.

READING
C. Read the article and tick true or false.
Many pupils of our school have interesting hobbies. Lara is 11 years old
she likes writing poems and painting pictures.
Tom is 15 years old and he has very interesting hobbies. He likes dancing,
designing internet sites and playing the piano.
Robert is almost 13 years old. His hobbies are playing football and reading
detective stories. Our pupils do many interesting things and they are very
busy.
They also have different subjects. Tom is the best pupil at math. Lara is
good at art and literature and Robert is one of the best pupils at PE. Their
hobbies help them study well too.
1. Lara’s hobby is math. T( ) / F( )

2. Playing football is Robert’s hobby. T( ) / F( )
3. Lara is good at art. T( ) / F( )
4. Robert is 15 years old. T( ) / F( )
5. Tom is good at literature. T( ) / F( )
6. John is a reporter. T( ) / F( )
GRAMMAR: Order of Adjectives
ORDER OF ADJECTIVES
Adjectives denoting attributes usually occur Examples:

in a specific order. Generally, the adjective  I love that really big old green
order in English is: car. [quality - size - age - color ]
1. Quantity or number
 My sister adopted a beautiful big
2. Quality or opinion white bulldog. [ quality - size -
1. 3. Size color]
2. 4. Age
3. 5. Shape  It is a wonderful old Italian clock.
[opinion - age –-origin]
4. 6. Color
5. 7. Nationality, other place of origin  Some slim new French trousers
6. 8. Material [size - age - origin]
7. 9. Purpose or function
 I bought a pair of black leather
shoes. [color - material]
 A big square blue box. [size -

shape - color]
When there are two adjectives that are Examples

from the same group, the word “ and”  The house is green and red.
is placed between the two adjectives.  The library has old and new
books.
When there are three or more adjectives Examples

from the same adjective group, place a  We live in the big green,
comma between each of the coordinate white and red house at the end of
adjectives: the street.
 My friend lost a red,
black and white watch.
D. Tick the correct option.
1. Andrea had a ________ in her hair yesterday.
o nice yellow bow

o yellow nice bow
o bow nice yellow
2. She lost a ________ .
o small white cat

o cat small white
o white small cat
3. I bought ________ oranges.
o great some big

o big great some
o some great big
4. We met ________ people at the conference.

o very smart two

o two very smart
o very two smart
5. The clown was wearing a ________ hat.
o big green yellow

o big green and yellow
o yellow and green big
6. The cookies that you ________ .
o smell delicious baked

o baked smell delicious
o delicious smell baked
7. Is it ________ ?
o cold getting outside

o getting cold outside
o getting outside cold
8. The course you are ________ .
o taking sounds interesting

o sounds interesting taking
o interesting sound taking
9. My uncle wore a ________ to the wedding.
o silk blue tie

o tie blue silk
o blue silk tie
10. Have you met that _____ next door?
o cute boy new

o cute new boy
o new boy cute
E. Order the adjectives.
1. We wanted …………………………………………. ( metal / a / grey ) table.

2. They bought …………………………………………. ( red / a / new ) car.
3. She went home and sat on her ………………………………………… ( wooden / old / ) bed.
4. He bought a …………………………………………. ( woollen / British / fabulous ) suit
5.. They have …………………………………………. ( Dutch / black ) bicycles.
6.He wants …………………………………………. ( French / delicious ) cheese.
7. …………………………………………. ( young / a / pretty ) girl walked into the room.
8. He has …………………………………………. ( a lot of / old / interesting ) books.
9. She bought …………………………………………. ( plastic / a / red / new ) gnome.

10. He is looking for …………………………………………. ( leather / a / black / stylish ) bag.
SPEAKING
F. Describe yourself using the order of adjectives.

.
Hi. I am an intelligent, short, young,

tanned woman.
LESSON 3
3.3 My dog was stolen
LANGUAGE BUILDER: Places for Sports
track tennis court baseball field soccer field ice rink

pool volleyball court golf course basketball court

…………………….. ………………………..
…………………………
…………………… ……………………….. ………………………......
……………………… …………………………… ……………………....
LISTENING
Track 10 B. Listen four conversations about sports and complete

the spaces.
1. Julia: Hey James! What do you think of ………………….. ?

James: I ………… it. Actually, I like lots of ……………...
Julia: Oh yeah. What sports do you like?
James: Let’s see. I like ……………and …………………… and specially ………………. It’s
my favorite
Julia: …………….. is my favorite too. So, when do you ………… it?
James: in the fall. In ………………...
2. Clark: What ………………. do you like Briana?

Briana: You know I don’t like sports very much.
Clark: So, you never …………… sports?

Briana: No, I don’t. Oh wait, I do like ……………………..
Clark : Oh really! When do you play ……………… ?
Briana: about once a …………. I play with a friend at my gym.
3. Ciara: Do you play …………………. Mathew?

Mathew: Oh no ! I think it’s a little ………………...
Ciara: I see. Do you like any sports?
Mathew: Oh sure! My favorite sport is …………………. I love baseball. That’s an exciting sport.
Ciara: …………………. do you play?
Mathew: Well I don’t really play. I’m too …………….., but I ……………. it on …….. a lot.
4 Michael: Do you play ………………… Nicole?

Nicole: it’s ok, but it’s not my favorite.
Michael: What is your ……………………………………..?
Nicole: I guess my favorite sport is ………………………….
Michael : Really! ……………….. do you play …………………….?
Nicole: oh! I don’t play basketball, but a lot of my friends do and I love to watch them play.
SPEAKING
C. Work in pairs and ask the following questions.
Do you like any sport?

What sport do you practice?
How often do you practice your favorite sport?
GRAMMAR: The Passive Voice
Passive Voice
8. The passive voice is used to show Active

interest
9. in the person or object that
eats
experiences an action rather than the
person or object that performs the action.
10. 18. (a) The mouse eats the cheese.
11. Using “By”
s o
12. If we want to say who or what
performs
13. the action while using the passive19. Passive

voice,
(b) The cheese is eaten by the mouse.
14. we use the preposition “by”
15. s o
16. The passive voice is often used in
formal texts.
is eaten
17. by
In (a) : The object in an active

sentence becomes the
subject in a passive
sentence.
In (b) : The subject in an active

sentence becomes the
object in a passive
sentence.
Forms of the Passive
The passive voice in English is composed ELEMENT 1 ELEMENT 2

of two elements: the appropriate form of + past participle
the verb 'to be'
“Be” can be in any of its forms:
Simple Present Active: Farmers grow corn.

 am / is / are + past participle
Passive: Corn is grown by farmers.
Simple Past Active: The news surprised Sara.

 was / were + past participle
Passive: Sara was surprised by the news.
Present Progressive Active: Diana is copying the letters.
 is / are / am + being + past

participle Passive: The letters are being copied by

Diana.
Past Progressive Active: Alice was sweeping the floor.

 was / were + being + past
participle Passive: The floor was being swept by Alice.
Present Perfect Active: Jack has mailed the letter.

 has been - have been + past
participle Passive: The letter has been mailed by Jack.
Past Perfect Active: Andrea had cleaned the house.

 had been + past participle
Passive:The house had been cleaned by
Andrea.
Simple Future: Will

 will be + past participle Active: Mr. Smith will plan the wedding.
Passive: The wedding will be planned by Mr.

Smith.
Simple Future: going to

 is / are / am + going to + be + past Active: Sue is going to write the report.
participle
Passive: The report is going to be written by
Sue.
D. Change the active verbs to passive by adding the correct form of be.
Include the subject of the passive sentence.
SIMPLE PRESENT
1. The teacher helps Eva. ………………………………………………………

2. The teacher helps me. ………………………………………………………
3. The teacher helps us. ………………………………………………………
4. A mass of gases wrap around our planet. ……………………………………..
5. They make many movies in Hollywood. …………………………………….
6. We receive the newspaper every day. …………………………………….
7. They pay us every Friday. ……………………………………………………..
8. Thomas washes the dishes. ……………………………………………………..

9. Franks feeds the dogs. ……………………………………………………..
10. Maria prepares the food. ……………………………………………………..
SIMPLE PAST
1. The teacher helped him. …………………………………………………………………………

2. The teacher helped them. …………………………………………………………………………
3. The Beatles wrote “A Hard Day’s Night” ……………………………………………………….…
4. Spielberg directed the movie ET. ………………………………………………………………..
5. My father built this house. …………………………………………………………………………
6. They delivered your new sofa. ………………………………………………………………..
7. Alex found the key. ………………………………………………………………………………….
8. Andrew made mistakes. …………………………………………………………………………
9. He loved that woman. ………………………………………………………………………...
10. Anita cleaned the rooms. …………………………………………………………………………
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
1. The teacher is helping us. ………………………………………………………………………….

2. The teacher is helping her. ………………………………………………………………………….
3. David is cleaning the kitchen. …………………………………………………………………
4. My father is paying the bills. ………………………………………………………………………….
5. The gardener is trimming the bushes. …………………………………………………………….
6. Kelly is setting the table. ………………………………………………………………………….
7. My mother is watering the plants. …………………………………………………………………
8. Arthur is doing the laundry. ………………………………………………………………………...
9.My uncle is driving us to school. …………………………………………………………………..
10. Melissa is singing a love song. …………………………………………………………………...
PAST PROGRESSIVE
1. The teacher was helping me. ………………………………………………………………

2. The teacher was helping him. ……………………………………………………………………
3. He was booking the flights. …………………………………………………………..…………..
4. Rose was cleaning the shoes. …………………………………………………………………….
5. Ann was writing the note. …………………………..…………………………………………..
6. They were washing the car. ……………………………………………………………..………..
7. We were looking for the key. ……………………………………………………………………….

8. They were using the towels. ……………………………………………………………………….

9. I was eating dinner at 7 p.m. ……………………………………………………………………….
10. Marco was watching the news. ………………………………………………….…………..
PRESENT PERFECT
1. The teacher has helped Luis. …………………………………………………………………

2. The teacher has helped Adriana. ……………………………………………………………………
3. Someone has stolen my bike. ……………………………………………………………………...
4. The children have eaten the cookies. ………………………………………………………………
5. Aamir has sold his coin collection. …………………………………………………………………
6. Ciara has cleaned the cellar. ……………………………………………………………………….
7. Katrina has prepared pancakes. …………………………………………………………………….
8. George has called Peter. ……………………………………………………………………………...
9. Laila has bathed the dogs. ……………………………………………………………………………
10. He has written a book. ……………………………………………………………………………….
PAST PERFECT
1. The teacher had helped Peter and Adam. ………………………………………………………..

2. The teacher had helped the dog. ……………………………………………………………………
3. They had visited their granny. ……………………………………………………………………….
4. Picasso had painted Guarnica. ……………………………………………………………………...
5. The cleaner had cleaned the office. ……………………………………………………………….
6. Alejandro had written three books. ………………………………………………………………….
7. Joe and Peter had told the story. ……………………………………………………………………
8. Margarita had loved Rene. …………………………………………………………………………..
9. They had built a new stadium. ………………………………………………………………………
10. The wolf had eaten the princess. ………………………………………………………………….
SIMPLE FUTURE “WILL”
1. The teacher will help me. ………………………………………………………………………….

2. The teacher will help John and me. ………………………………………………………………….
3. The students will give a presentation tomorrow. …………………………………………………..
4. We will complete the renovations next week. ……………………………………………………...
5. John will tell you later. ………………………………………………………………………………..
6. Sophia will sign the deal. ……………………………………………………………………………..
7. He will buy the milk. ………………………………………………………………………………….

8. I will drink all the milk. ………………………………………………………………………………...

9. They will clean all the windows. …………………………………………………………………….
10 A woman will repair a computer. ………………………………………………………………….
SIMPLE FUTURE: “GOING TO”
1. The teacher is going to help you. ……………………………………………………………………

2. The teacher is going to help Nancy. …………………………………………………………………
3. They are going to buy a new house. ………………………………………………………………..
4. Wilson is going to paint the building. ………………………………………………………………...
5. Susan is going to give Paul a kiss. …………………………………………………………………..
6. I am going to hide the treasure. ………………………………………………………………………
7. We are going to take a French course. ……………………………………………………………..
8. They are going to drink two pints at Paul’s house. …………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
9. Henry is going to steal all the food. …………………………………………………………………
10. The dog is going to bite that man. …………………………………………………………………
E. Complete the blank spaces with the passive.
An office building at night.
1. The janitors clean the building at night.

The building ………… clean….. by the janitors at night.
2. Window washers wash the windows.

The windows ………… wash….. by window washers.
3. The security guard found an unlocked door.

An unlocked door ……………………………… found by the security guard.
4. A window washer is washing a window right now.

A window …………………………… wash….. by a window washer right now.
5 The janitors were mopping the floor.

The floor ……………………….. mopp….. by the janitors.

6. The security guard has checked the offices.

The offices ……………………………… check….. by the security guard.
7. The security guard had discovered an open window.

An open window ……………………………… discover….. by the security guard.
8. The owner will visit the building tomorrow.

The building ……………………………… visit….. by the owner tomorrow.
9. The owner is going to announce new parking fees.

New parking fees ………………………………………… announce….. by the owner.
10. The owner is going to call all the employees.

All the employees ……………………………… call….. by the owner.
READING: How is paper produced?
F. Read the article and answer the questions.
Paper is produced from wood. The fibers of wood from trees are
mixed with water until they become a soft wet pulp, which is dried.
This method of paper – making was introduced in the 2 nd century
BC in China. However, early writing material wasn’t always made
from wood. In fact, the word paper comes from papyrus plants
which were used by the Egyptians to make a form of paper in 3,000 B.C. When machines for
paper making were invented in the 19th century, paper became easy to afford. Today, one of the
problems with the huge production of paper is that a chemical called chlorine is added to make
the paper white. Recycling is important, because chlorine isn’t needed and less energy is used
for recycled paper.
1. How is paper produced?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. When was the method of paper – making introduced?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
3. Where was the method of paper – making introduced?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
4. When were the machines for paper invented?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
5. What chemical is added to make the paper white?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
LISTENING
Track 11 G. Listen some scenes from TV series and complete

the
blank spaces with the passive voice.
THE GOOD WIFE

And they organized a boycott.
And when …………… the boycott ……………………….?
June 10
HOW TO LIVE WITH YOUR PARENTS

So, Thursday night
I’ll pick you up
Great, I’ll …………….. ………………….. up by you.
Great!
SEAN SAVES THE WORLD

I did it!
You have ……………….. …………………….. by me!

THE GOOD WIFE

Why are you out here?
My computer’s …………….. …………………….
By who?
THE GOOD WIFE

I’ve ……………… ………………….. to testify in the Sorrentino gun case.
You’ve …………….. ……………………. ? By whom?
Alicia Florrick
SEAN SAVES THE WORLD

Hunter, you do well with the ladies.
You know, It’s ………….. …………………. that I have game.
I’m the one who said it, but still
NASHVILLE
Why don’t you stop trying to help people who can’t …………….. …………………… ?
NOTAS IMPORTANTES:
uso de los participios que terminan en ing / ed, así como el
orden de los adjetivos y la voz pasiva.
Una vez que hemos finalizado la tercera unidad, sugiero que

intente contestar la AUTOEVALUACIÓN 3, la misma que le
permitirá verificar su progreso y de ser el caso obtener una


AUTOEVALUACIÓN 3

The movie is ……………………… .
 bored
 boring
2. Complete the sentence with the correct participle.

I couldn’t remember her name. I felt so …………………………. !
 embarrassed
 embarrasing
3. Circle the correct participle.

Mike can’t solve this math problem. He feels very frustrated / frustrating. Math is just so
confusing / confused.
4. Choose the correct order of adjectives.

She has ………………………. eyes.
 brown beautiful
 beautiful brown
5. Complete the sentence using the adjectives in the correct order. (wooden /
wonderful / a / old )
They live in …………………………………………….. house.

……………………… coin
 A foreign old
 An old foreign
……………………… shoes
 Awful white
 White awful
7. Circle the correct option for this description.

This is the single European currency.
 Dollar
 Euro
 Peso
8. Change this active sentence into a passive sentence.

They will visit their granny next week.
…………………………………………………………………………………
9. Select the correct option to complete the blank space.

The jewels ……………………… in the cellar last week by him.
 are being hidden
 were hidden
 are hidden
10. Make these sentences passive.

Steven has forgotten the book.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
She plays handball every weekend.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
4. UNIDAD IV: SHE LIKES TO EERCISE, DOESN’T SHE?
LESSON 1
4.1 She likes to exercise, doesn’t she?
LANGUAGE BUILDER
action film drama family film rom coms horror film

sci – fi film romantic film adventure film comedy

…………………… …………………………………… ………………………….
……………………………. …………………………….. …………………………
……………………………. ……………………………… …………………………….
SPEAKING
B. Work in pairs and ask the kind of films he or she likes.
What kind of films do you like and why?
I like comedy films because they are

really funny.
READING: Are cartoons always nice?
C. Read the text and answer the statements with true or false.

The first time I took my

daughter to the movie
theater, she was 6 and the
movie was “Bambi”. I’m a
movies lover, so I had
chosen it carefully and
thought a cartoon movie
would be an effective
introduction to the Seventh Art World.
Everything was going just fine until Bambi’s mother was shot and killed. My daughter got
anguished and asked to go home in the middle of the movie. Fortunately later choices turned
out OK and she likes movies as much as I do. My point is: are cartoons really safe for kids? Or
do parents need to pay attention to the type of cartoons kits are watching during their spare
time?
Once I sat on the sofa to watch a cartoon with my 8 – year – old son and got completely
dumbfounded when I realized a cartoon character was organizing right in front of us, bleeding
as if it was an action adult movie! Everybody knows that the cartoon “The Simpsons” doesn’t
spread nice manners or behavior, but what about the “kid stuff” they display in the afternoon for
young children?
The next time you take a kid to the movies maybe a cartoon doesn’t make the best choice,
unless you take the time to watch it and analyze its content first. Or you take the risk of
exposing your child to messages, she / he isn’t prepared to get yet.
1. Bambi is a cartoon movie. T ( ) / F ( )

2. There isn’t violence in cartoon movies. T ( ) / F( )
3. Bambi’s father is killed in the movie. T ( ) / F ( )
4. Children are exposed to violence content T ( ) / F ( )
watching cartoons.
5. Parents shouldn’t worry about the T ( ) / F ( )
cartoons content.
6. “The Simpsons” spreads nice manners T ( ) / F ( )
and behavior.
7. Young children may feel anguished T( ) / F ( )
when they are exposed to things

that are not prepared to deal with.
8. Before taking a child to the movies, T ( ) / F ( )
It’s important to check the movie
content.
LISTENING
Track 12 D. Listen the conversation between Sally and Tom and

answer the questions.
1. What kind of movies does Sally like?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
2. What is Sally’s favorite romance movie?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………..
3. Who star Titanic?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………….……………..
4. What kind of movies does Tom like?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….……..
5. What is Tom’s favorite action movie?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….……..
6. Who stars The Last Samurai?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………....
GRAMMAR: Tag - Questions
TAG - QUESTIONS
Tag – questions are short questions Positive Statement

at the end of statements. They are It’s followed by a negative tag – question
mainly used in speech when we want to.
Examples:
 Jack is from Spain, isn’t he?
 confirm that something is true

or not Negative Statement
It’s followed by a positive tag – question
 encourage a reply from the person
we are speaking to
Examples:
 They aren’t funny, are they?
20. Tag-questions are formed with the
auxiliary and the appropriate subject.
Forms of Tag - questions
Present: to – be Examples
+ -  Miguel is handsome, isn’t he?
am – is – are aren’t – isn’t  Linda isn’t my new manager, is
she?
 Ted and Laurie are on vacation,
aren’t they?
 I am wrong, aren’t I?
 I am not the next on the list, am
I?
Past: to – be
+ - Examples
was – were wasn’t – weren’t
 You were a member of the chess
club, weren't you?
 Nancy wasn't your girlfriend, was
she?
Simple Present
Examples
+ -
do – does don’t – doesn’t  Michael works in a
factory, doesn't he?
 Milena doesn't like soccer, does
she?
Simple Past
+ - Examples:
did didn’t  Tom and Jerry traveled to San

Francisco last week, didn't they?
 Jennifer didn't forget the wedding
anniversary, did she?
Present Progressive
+ - Examples
am – is – are aren’t – isn’t  I am not thinking straight, am I?
 I am calling to customer
service, aren't I?
Past Progressive
+ - Examples
was – were wasn’t – weren’t  They were playing baseball,
weren’t they?
 Daniel wasn’t listening to music
in his room, was he?
Present Perfect
+ - Examples
has – have hasn’t – haven’t  Lisa and Tom have gone on
vacation, haven't they?
 Charles has not written the
letter, has he?
Examples
Past Perfect  The dog had been sickl, hadn’t
it?
+ -  Linda hadn't changed her
had hadn’t password in many years, had
she?
Examples
Simple Future: Will
 Margaret will talk to the
+ -
supervisor, won't she?
will won’t
 John will not fix the car, will he?
Examples
 Edith and George are going to
Simple Future: going to
explain the instructions, aren't
they?
+ -
 The next season of this show is
am – is – are aren’t – isn’t
not going to air next month, is it?
Examples:
 Improve the design of the logo,
will you?
Imperatives
 Don’t make a scene, will you?
+ -
 Let’s dance to this song, shall
will you will you
we?

 Let’s not settle for less, shall

we?
E. Make tag- questions.
PRESENT “VERB TO-BE”

 I am a good student, ……………………………………
 You aren’t beautiful, ……………………………………
 He isn’t a student, ……………………………………
 I am not absent from class today, ……………………………………
 The pencil isn’t on the desk, ……………………………………
 We are old friends, ……………………………………
 They are classmates, ……………………………………
PAST “VERB TO-BE”

 I was in Hong Kong,……………………………………
 You weren’t available, ……………………………………
 He was a teacher, ……………………………………
 She wasn’t drunk, ……………………………………
 The sky was clear, ……………………………………
 We weren’t in the disco, ……………………………………
 The children were in the garden, ……………………………………
SIMPLE PRESENT
 I read the newspaper every day, ……………………………………
 You don’t come to school by bus, ……………………………………
 He works very hard, ……………………………………
 She doesn’t like to sit in the sun, ……………………………………
 The dog eats very much, ……………………………………
 We play in the park every day, ……………………………………
 They don’t live in Boston, ……………………………………
SIMPLE PAST
 I didn’t travel around your country last summer, ……………………………………
 You saw his face, ……………………………………
 He didn’t save her life, ……………………………………
 She went by bus in that occasion, ……………………………………
 My dog died yesterday, ……………………………………
 We didn’t paint our house, ……………………………………
 They waited 2 hours at the doctor’s office, ……………………………………
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
 I'm fixing the machine, ……………………………………
 You aren’t cleaning the room now, ……………………………………
 He is sleeping, ……………………………………
 She isn’t looking for the book which she lost, ……………………………………
 It's raining, ……………………………………
 We aren’t taking a bath, ……………………………………
 They're waiting for you, ……………………………………
PAST CONTINUOUS
 I was reading the newspaper in the living room, ……………………………………
 You weren’t working very hard yesterday, ……………………………………
 He was playing in the park, ……………………………………
 She wasn’t doing the work of two people, ……………………………………
 The plane wasn’t leaving the airport, ……………………………………
 We were speaking German, ……………………………………
 They were selling books there, ……………………………………
PRESENT PERFECT
 I haven’t worked for my uncle, ……………………………………
 You have finished your homework, ……………………………………
 He hasn’t talked for more than two hours, ……………………………………
 She hasn’t visited them once a week for the last year, ………………………………
 It has rained once a week for the last month, ……………………………………
 We have returned our car at last, ……………………………………
 They haven’t completed the project, ……………………………………
PAST PERFECT
 I hadn’t read the book that you gave me yesterday, ………………………………
 You had spoken with him several times, ……………………………………
 He hadn’t lent money to you many times, ……………………………………
 She had lost my book, ……………………………………
 We hadn’t forgotten what we said, ……………………………………
 I had been here before, ……………………………………
 They hadn’t forgiven what she did, ……………………………………
FUTURE “WILL”
 I will buy a car soon, ……………………………………
 You won’t stay home today, ……………………………………
 He will choose the cake, ……………………………………
 She won’t wait for a couple of hours, ……………………………………
 It will snow, ……………………………………
 We won’t call you later, ……………………………………
 They will finish school in two years, ……………………………………
FUTURE “GOING TO”

 I am not going to see you tomorrow, ……………………………………
 You are going to do it,……………………………………
 He isn’t going to visit her next week, ……………………………………
 She isn’t going to wait me after the show, ……………………………………
 It is going to be a cold day, ……………………………………
 We are going to stay home tonight, ……………………………………
 They aren’t going to spend the day together,……………………………………
IMPERATIVES
 Bring me a glass of water, ……………………………………
 Take a step, ……………………………………
 Don’t touch my phone, ……………………………………
 Don’t be excited about everything, ……………………………………
 Let’s play with intensity and courage,……………………………………
 Let’s clean the house,……………………………………
 Let’s not pack warm clothes, ……………………………………
 Let’s not get out, ……………………………………
F. Put in the correct questions tags.
 She is collecting stickers, …………………………………….. ?

 We often watch TV in the afternoon, …………………………………….. ?
 You have cleaned your bike, …………………………………….. ?
 John and Max don't like maths, …………………………………….. ?

 Peter played handball yesterday, …………………………………….. ?
 They are going home from school, …………………………………….. ?
 Mary didn't do her homework last Monday, …………………………………….. ?
 He have bought a new car, …………………………………….. ?
 Kevin will come tonight, …………………………………….. ?
 I'm clever, …………………………………….. ?
LESSON 2
4.2 Miguel said that he was glad to see me again
LANGUAGE BUILDER: Inventions and Inventors
A. Label each invention with the inventor.
telescope basketball elevator light bulb radio

car airplane television telephone
Thomas Edison The Wright Brothers Galilelo

……………….. ……………………. …………………………..

Alexander Graham Bell James Naismith Philo
Farnsworth
………………….. ……………………. ………………………...

Guillermo Marconi Elisha Otis Henry
Ford
……………………… ………………………. ……………………….
B. Write the names of the inventors next to each invention.
1. Telescope was invented by ……………………………………………………………………………

2. The basketball was invented by ……………………………………………………………………..
3. The elevator was invented by ………………………………………………………………………..
4. The light bulb was invented by ……………………………………………………………………….
5. The radio was invented by ……………………………………………………………………………
6. The car was invented by ………………………………………………………………………………
7. The airplane was invented by …………………………………………………………………………
8. The TV was invented by ……………………………………………………………………………….
9. The telephone was invented by ..……………………………………………………………………..
READING: Galileo and his telescope
C. Read and answer the questions.

Galileo Galilei was born in the year 1564 in the town of

Pisa, Italy. When he was 20 years old, he was studying
in Pisa, His father wanted him to be a doctor, but
Galileo was bored with school except for math.
Because math was the one subject where he was
doing well, the court mathematician offered to tutor him
privately so he could become a qualified
mathematician. Galileo’s father was disappointed , but he agreed.
Because he needed to earn money, Galileo began experimenting with different things,
trying to come up with some sort of invention that he could sell for money. He had a little
bit of success with his invention that was like a compass that could be used to measure
plots of land. He had already experimented with pendulums, thermometers, and magnets.
When he heard that a Dutch inventor invented something called a spyglass, but was
keeping it a secret, Galileo decided to work on one of his own. Within 24 hours, he had
invented a telescope that could magnify things to make them appear ten times larger than
real life.
One night, he pointed his telescope toward the sky, and made his first of many space
observations: the moon was not smooth, like everyone thought. The moon was covered in
bumps and craters. As technology has improved, first Galileo, and then many others, have
made improvements on the telescope, the wonderful device that allows to see from a
distance.
1. When was Galileo born?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Where was Galileo born?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. What was the subject that Galileo was doing well?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. What things had Galileo experimented with?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. How long did Galileo take to invent a telescope?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. What is a telescope used for?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
LISTENING
Track 13 D. Listen the dialogue and circle the correct answer.
1. What did Gina get for her birthday?

a. a telescope b. a microscope c. a basketball
2. What is the natural satellite of Earth planet?

a. the sun b. the moon c. the stars
3. Ben thought that the moon was a

a. galaxy b. comet c. planet
4. A planet moves around the

a. sun b. moon c. comet
5. Which planets are closest to Earth?

a. Jupiter / Venus b. Mars / Venus c. Pluto / Saturn
6. Many scientists believe that Mars has

a. rivers and oceans b. deserts c. lakes
GRAMMAR: Quoted Speech
QUOTED SPEECH
Quoted Speech (Direct Speech )

The exact words that someone says
are called quoted speech. Quotation
marks “ ” are used.
SPEAKERS’ EXACT WORDS QUOTING THE SPEAKERS’ WORDS

Jane: Cats are fun to watch. Jane said, “Cats are fun to watch.”
Mike: Yes, I agree. They’re Mike said, “ Yes, I agree. They’re graceful
graceful and playful. Do you and playful. Do you have a cat?”
have a cat?
HOW TO WRITE QUOTATIONS

1. Add a comma after said. Jane said,
2. Add quotation marks. Jane said, “
3. Capitalize the first word of Jane said, “ Cats
the quotation.
4. Write the quotation. Add a Jane said, “ Cats are fun to watch .
final period.
5. Add quotation marks after Jane said, “ Cats are fun to watch.”
the period.
Mike said, “ Yes, I agree. They’re graceful When there are two (or more) sentences
and playful. Do you have a cat?” is a
quotation, put the quotation marks at the
INCORRECT beginning and end of the whole quote.
Mike said, “ Yes, I agree.” “ They’re
graceful Do not put quotation marks around each
and playful.” “Do you have a cat?” sentence.
“ Cats are fun to watch,” Jane said Notice that a comma (not a period) is
used at
the end of the quoted sentence because
Jane said comes after the quote.
“Do you have a cat?” Mike asked
Notice that a question mark (not a
comma) is
used at the end of the quoted question.
E. Make sentences in which you quote the speaker’s exact words. Use said or
ask. Punctuate carefully.
1. ANN: My sister is a student.
Ann said, “My sister is a student.” or “My sister is a student,” Ann said
2. ANN: Is your brother a student?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. RITA: We’re hungry.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. RITA: Are you hungry too?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. RITA: Let’s eat the food is ready.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. JOHN F KENEDDY: Ask not what your country can do for you. Ask what
you
can do for your country.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
F. A teacher recently had a conversation with Roberto. Practice punctuating

their quoted speech.
(TEACHER) You know sign language, don’t you I asked Roberto.

(ROBERTO) Yes, I do. My parents are deaf He replied.
(TEACHER) I’m looking for someone who knows sign language. A deaf student is
going to visit our class next Monday I said. Could you interpret for her I
asked.
(ROBERTO) I’d be happy to he answered. Is she going to be a new student?
(TEACHER) Possibly I said. She’s interested in seeing what we do in our English
classes.
READING: The Ugly Duckling
G. Read the story. Underline the quoted speech.
Once upon a time, there was a

mother duck. She lived on a farm
and spent her days sitting on her
nest of eggs. One morning, the
eggs began to move and out came
six little ducklings. But there was
one egg that was bigger than the rest, and it didn’t hatch. The mother didn’t remember
this egg. “I thought I had only six,” she said. “But maybe I counted incorrectly”
A short time later, the seventh egg hatched. But this duckling had gray feathers, not
brown like his brothers, and was quite ugly. His mother thought, “ Maybe this duck isn’t
one of mine.” He grew faster than his brothers and ate more food. He was very clumsy,
and none of the other animals wanted to play with him. Much of the time he was alone.

He left unloved by everyone, and he decided to run away from the farm. He asked
other animals on the way, “Do you know of any ducklings that look like mine?” But
they just laughed and said, “You are the ugliest duck we have ever seen.” One day,
the duckling looked up and saw a group of beautiful birds overhead. They were white,
with long slender necks and large wings. The duckling thought, “I want to look just
like them”
He wandered alone most of the winter and finally found a comfortable bed of reeds in a
pond. He thought to himself, “ No one wants me. I’ll just hide here for the rest of my
life.” There was plenty of food there, and although he was lonely, he felt a little happier.
By springtime, the duck was quite large. One

morning, he saw his reflection in the water. He
didn’t even recognize himself. A group of swans
coming back from the south saw him and flew
down to the pond. “Where have you been?” they
asked. “You’re a swan like us.” As they began to
swim across the pond, a child saw them and said,
“Look at the youngest swan. He’s the most
beautiful of all.” The swan beamed with happiness, and he lived happily ever after.
SPEAKING
H. Work in pairs and answer this question.
What lesson does this story This story teaches us to love and
teach? accept ourselves with our values
and defects.
GRAMMAR: Reported Speech

REPORTED SPEECH
Reported Speech (Indirect Speech ) In Formal English

The idea that you give of a speaker’s The verb in the noun clause is in a past
words is called indirect speech. form, when the words are reported later.
That In Informal English

In indirect speech, the conjunction The verb in the noun clause is not
“that” is optional. You can use it changed
or you can leave it out. to a past form, especially when words are
reported soon after they are said.
 Don’t use quotation marks
with indirect speech.
 Change the tense of the verb
if it is formal reporting.
 Change the pronouns
and determiners.
21.
Common Reporting Verbs:
say / tell / ask / answer / reply
Say Examples
It is the most common reporting verb  Kay said (that) she was hungry.
and it is followed immediately by a
noun clause
Tell Examples
It is also commonly used and it needs  Kay told me (that) she was
to be followed by an object pronoun hungry.
or a name and then by noun clause.  Kay told Tom (that) she was
hungry.
Asked Examples
It is used to report questions. Quoted:
 Ken asked me, “Are you tired?”
Reported:
 Ken asked (me) if I was tired.
Questions are also reported by using:

Examples:
 want to know
 Ken wanted to know if I was
 wonder tired.
 inquire
 Ken wondered if I was tired.

 Ken inquired if I was tired.
Answer & Reply

They are often used to report Examples
replies. Quoted:
 I said, “I am not tired”
Reported:
 I answered (that) I wasn’t tired.
 I replied (that) I wasn’t tired.
TIME EXPRESSIONS WITH REPORTED

SPEECH
Time and place references are TIME REFERENCES
also changed in Reported Speech.  yesterday - the day before /
the previous day
TIME REFERENCES
 last week - the week before /
 today - that day the previous week
 tonight - that night  last month - the previous
 tomorrow - the following day / month
the next day  last year - the previous year
 next week - the following week /  a week ago - a week before
the week after  this week (for time) - that
 next month - the following month week
 next year - the following year  these days - those days
 this / that (adjectives) - the
 now - then / at that time
PLACE REFERENCES
Here - there
PAST TENSE
DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH

(formal or later reporting) (informal or immediate
reporting)
(DS) Past: to – be
(RS) Past Perfect
Tom said, “I was in my Tom said (that) he had been in Tom said (that) he was in his
house with my wife.” his house with his wife. house with his wife.

reporting)
(DS) Past Simple
(RS) Past Perfect
John said, “I did John said (that) he had done John said (that) he did
exercises.” exercises. exercises.

reporting)
((DS) Past Perfect
(RS) Past Perfect
Ana said, “I had visited Ana said (that) she had visited Ana said (that) she had visited
the Louvre .” the Louvre. the Louvre.

(formal or later (informal or immediate reporting)
reporting)
(DS) Could
(RS) Had been able to
He told me, “They couldn’t He told me (that) they He told me (that) they couldn’t
do it.” hadn’t be able to do it. do it.

reporting)
(DS) Past Continuous

(RS) Past Perfect
Continuous
Raul said, “I was Raul said (that) he had Raul said (that) he was playing
playing been playing football. football.
football.”
PRESENT TENSE

(formal or later reporting) (informal or immediate reporting)
(DS) Present: to – be
(RS) Past: to – be
Susan said, “I am Susan said (that) she was Susan said (that) she is tired.
tired.” tired.

reporting)
(DS) Present Simple

(RS) Simple Past
They said, “Amanda has They said (that) Amanda They said (that) Amanda has to
to work tomorrow.” had to work the next day. work tomorrow.

DS) Present Progressive

(RS) Past Progressive
Robert said, “I Robert said (that) he was Robert said (that) he is listening
am listening to music. to music.
listening to music.”

(DS) Present Perfect

(RS) Past Perfect
Karol said, “I Karol said (that) she had Karol said (that) she has finished
have finished her work. her work.
finished my work.”

reporting)
(DS) Can
(RS) Could
He said, “I can He said (that) he could He said (that) he can work hard.
work work hard.
hard.”
FUTURE TENSE

reporting)

(DS) Future: WILL

(RS) WOULD
My mom said, “You will My mom said (that) I My mom said (that) I will
go with me to the would go with her to the go with her to the doctor.
doctor.” doctor.

(DS) am-is-are: going to

(RS) was-were: going to
Tomy said, “I am going Tom said (that) he was Tom said (that) he is going to
to going to clean the house. clean the house.
clean the house.”
A. Rewrite the direct speech as reported speech to complete the sentences

Use contractions where possible.
1. 'I'll send you a postcard.' He told us that he ………………………………….. us a postcard.
2. 'We've bought a new car.' They told me they ………………………………………… a new car.

3. 'I don't speak German.' She said that she ……………………………………… German.
4. 'You failed your art exam.' You said that we ……………………………….our art exam.
5. 'I can't drive.' He said …………………………………………………………………. drive.
6. 'You look nice.' He told me that I ……………………………………………………… nice.
7. 'We're going ice-skating.' They said they ……………………………………. ice-skating.

8. 'The students aren't listening to me.' The teacher said the students ……………….
……………. … to her.
B. Change the pronouns from quoted speech to reported speech.
1. Mr. Smith said, “ I need help with my luggage.”

Mr. Smith said that he needed help with his luggage.
2. Mrs. Hart said, “ I am going to visit my brother.”

Mrs. Hart said that ……………. was going to visit ……………….. brother.
3. Sergey said to me, “I will call you.”

Sergey said …………………… would call ……………… .
4. Rick said to us, “I’ll meet you at your house after I finish my work at my house.”
After ……………………… finished ………………… work at ……………….. house.
C. Complete the reported speech sentences. Use formal verb forms.
1. Sonia said, “I need some help.”

Sonia said (that) she needed some help.
2. Linda said, “I’m meeting David for dinner.”

Linda said (that) she ………………………………….. David for dinner.
3. Mrs. Chavez said, “I have studied in Cairo.”

Mrs. Chavez said (that) she ………………………………….. in Cairo.
4. Kazu said, “I forgot to pay my electric bill.”

Kazu said (that) he ………………………………….. to pay his electric bill.
5. Barbara said, “I am going to fly to Hawaii for my vacation.”

Barbara said (that) she ………………………………….. to Hawaii for her vacation.
6. I said, “I’ll carry the box up the stairs. ”

I said (that) I ………………………………….. the box up the stairs.
7. Tarik said to me, “I can teach you to drive. ”

Tarik said (that) he ………………………………….. me to drive.
D. Change the quoted speech to reported speech. Change the verb in quoted speech to a
past form in reported speech if possible.
1. Jim said, “I’m sleepy”

Jim said (that) he was sleepy.
2. Kristina said, “I don’t like chocolate.”

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Carla said, “I’m planning to take a trip with my family.”

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Ahmed said, “I have already eaten lunch.”

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Kate said, “I called my doctor.”

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. Mr. Rice said, “I’m going to go to Chicago.”

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Pedro said, “I will be at your house at ten.”

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. Emma said, “I can’t afford to buy a new car.”

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. Olivia says, “I can’t afford to buy a new car.”

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. Mrs. Acosta said, “I want to see you in my office after your meeting with your
supervisor”
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
E. Finish the sentences using Reported Speech. Always change the tense, although it is
sometimes not necessary.
1. John: "Mandy is at home."

John said (that) …………………………………………………………………………….
2. Max: "Frank often reads a book."

Max told me (that) ………………………………………………………………………...
3. Susan: "I'm watching TV."

Susan said to me (that) …………………………………………………………………..
4. Simon: "David was ill."

Simon said (that) …………………………………………………………………………..
5. Peggy: "The girls helped in the house."

Peggy told me (that) ……………………………………………………………………...
6. Richard: "I am going to ride my skateboard."

Richard said to me (that) …………………………………………………………………
7. Stephen and Claire: "We have cleaned the windows."

Stephen and Claire told me (that) ………………………………………………………
8. Charles: "I didn't have time to do my homework."

Charles remarked (that) …………………………………………………………………
9. Mrs. Jones: "My mother will be 50 years old."

Mrs. Jones told me (that) …………………………………………………………………
10. Jean: "The boss must sign the letter."

Jean said (that) …………………………………………………………………………..
READING: Guess Who I Bumped Into?
F. Read this short excerpt about a funny incident in the park. Once you have
finished, answer the reading comprehension questions.

Tim wandered along the path thinking aloud, "If I continue this diet I should lose twenty
pounds
by the end of..." when BOOM! he bumped into another city dweller out for a day's walk
in the park.
"I'm terribly sorry," he apologized, "I was so caught up in my thoughts, I didn't see you!"
he
managed to stammer.
Smiling, Sheila responded, "It's OK. Nothing's broken... No really, I wasn't watching my
step either."
Suddenly they both stopped making excuses and stared at each other.
"Don't I know you from somewhere?" inquired Tim while Sheila exclaimed, "You're Tim,
Jack's brother, aren't you?!"
They both began to laugh as they had met each other the week before at a party that
Jack had given.
Still laughing, Tim suggested, "Why don't we have a cup a coffee and donut?" to which
Sheila replied, "I thought you wanted to continue your diet!" They both were still
laughing by the time they reached the Swimming Donut cafe.
1. Why did Tim bump into Sheila?

o He was on a diet.
o He wasn’t paying attention.
o He was writing his thoughts down.
2. Where do they live?

o In the park
o In the city
o In the countryside.
3. Whose fault was the incident?

o Tim’s
o Sheila’s
o It’s not clear.
4. Where did they first meet?

o In the park
o At Tim’s brother’s house
o At the Swimming Donut.
5. Why was Tim’s suggestion funny?

o He was supposedly on a diet.
o The name of the cafe was strange.
o They were on a walk and there were no donuts in the park.
6. As he was walking down the path Tim said if he ……………. his diet he …………………
lose
twenty pounds.
o continues / should
o continued / should
7. We bumped into each other. He apologized saying he ……………… terribly sorry.

o was
o is
8. I told him it was OK, that nothing ………………… broken.

o had
o was
o both are correct
9. Tim said he had been so caught up in ……………………. thoughts that he …………….

me.
o his / hadn’t seen
o my / didn’t see
10. He seemed embarrassed, so I added that I …………………. my step either.

o hadn’t watched
o hadn’t been watching
LISTENING
Track
G. 20
Listen the conversation and answer T (true) or F
(false).
1. Amanda’s boss is single. T ( ) / F ( )

2. Amanda’s boss has a family and three children. T ( ) / F ( )
3. Alfred wants to tell Josua something about Amanda. T ( ) / F ( )
4. Josua is all ears. T ( ) / F ( )
5. Alfred asked Amanda if she was surprised. T ( ) / F ( )
6. Amanda is in love with her boss. T ( ) / F ( )
7. Amanda told Alice everything about her boss. T ( ) / F ( )
8. Amanda’s boss invited Alice to have dinner in T ( ) / F ( )
an Italian Restaurant.
GRAMMAR: Reported Speech (Commands)
REPORTED SPEECH (Commands)
Reported Speech (Commands ) Affirmative Commands
There is no backshift of tenses with to + infinitive

commands in Reported Speech.
You only have to change the person Negative Commands

and shift expressions of time / place.

not + to + infinitive
Suggestions
gerund
Common Reporting Verbs:

Affirmative Commands
Tell: decir / contar
Request: solicitar / pedir Examples
Order: ordenar / pedir  (DS) Dad: “Do your homework”
Ask : preguntar / pedir  (RS) Dad told me to do my
Advise: aconsejar homework.
Allow: permitir
Forbid: prohibir Negative Commands
Want: querer / desear
Suggest: sugerir Examples
Warn: advertir  (DS) Teacher: “Don’t talk to your
Instruct: ordenar / mandar friend ”
 (RS) The teacher told me not
to talk to my friend.
In more formal statements we use the
following verbs: order, command, request,
urge, beg, warn, remind. Suggestions
Examples
 (DS) Father: “Let’s watch a film”
 (RS) Father suggested
watching a film
 (RS) Father suggested that we
should watch a film.
AFFIRMATIVE COMMANDS
DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH
“Come home quickly”, I always said to Carol requested him to come home quickly.
him.
(Carol)
“Please stand up and set to work”, My boss ordered me to stand up and set to work.
My
boss told me.
“Put your hands up”, The police The police officer instructed him to put
officer his hands up.
asked him.
NEGATIVE COMMANDS
“Don’t forget to practice every day”, Daniel advises not to forget to practice
Daniel every day.
says. Daniel advises to practice every day.
“Don’t eat junk food”, The The doctor forbade my sister to eat junk food.
doctor
told my sister.
SUGGESTIONS
“Lets have a ride in the afternoon Jake suggested his girlfriend having a ride in the
”, afternoon.
Jake told his girlfriend.
Jake suggested his girlfriend that we have a ride
in the afternoon.
Jake suggested his girlfriend that we should have

a ride in the afternoon.
A. Complete the sentences in reported speech. Note the change of pronouns in

some sentences.
1. She said, "Go upstairs."

→ She told me …………………………………………………………………………………

2. "Close the door behind you," he told me.

→ He told me ………………………………………………………………………………….
3. "Don't be late," he advised us.

→ He advised us ……………………………………………………………………………….
4. "Stop staring at me," she said.

→ She told him ………………………………………………………………………………..
5, "Don't be angry with me," he said.

→ He asked her ………………………………………………………………………………
6. "Leave me alone," she said.

→ She told me ………………………………………………………………………………
7. "Don't drink and drive," she warned us.

→ She warned us …………………………………………………………………………..
8. "John, stop smoking," she said.

→ She told John …………………………………………………………………………
9. "Don't worry about us," they said.

→ They told her ……………………………………………………………………………
10. "Meet me at the cinema." he said.

→ He asked me ………………………………………………………………………….
B. Finish the sentences using Reported Speech.
1. Andrew: "Clean the blue bike!"

Andrew told me ……………………………………………………………………………..............
2. Jessica: "Write a text message!"

Jessica told me ……………………………………………………………………………………...
3. Nelly: "Help Peter's sister!"

Nelly told me ……………………………………………………………………………………….

4. Fred: "Wash your hands!"

Fred told me …………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Anna: "Open the window!"

Anna told me ………………………………………………………………………………………...
6. Tom: "Come at 8!"

Tom told me ………………………………………………………………………………………….
7. Teacher: "Do your homework!"

The teacher told me ………………………………………………………………………………...
8. Doris: "Dance with me!"

Doris told me ………………………………………………………………………………………...
9. Sabine: "Meet Sandy at the station!"

Sabine told me ………………………………………………………………………………………
10. Victoria: "Check your e-mails!"

Victoria told me ……………………………………………………………………………………...
C. Complete the spaces with Reported Commands.
1. Karen: "Don't play football in the garden!"

Karen told me ……………………………………………………………………………………...
2. Teacher: "Don't forget your homework!"

The teacher reminded me …………………………………………………………………………
3. Mike: "Don't shout at Peter!"

Mike told me ……………………………………………………………………………………...
4. Yvonne: "Don't talk to your neighbor!"

Yvonne told me ……………………………………………………………………………………...
5. Denise: "Don't open the door!"

Denise told me ……………………………………………………………………………………...

6. Marcel: "Don't sing that song!"

Marcel reminded me ………………………………………………………………………………
7. Jane: "Don't watch the new film!"

Jane advised me …………………………………………………………………………………….
8. Walter: "Don't ring Romy on Sunday!"

Walter told me ……………………………………………………………………………………...
9. Lisa: "Don't fly via Paris!"

Lisa advised me ……………………………………………………………………………………..
10. Jamie: "Don't eat so much junk food!"

Jamie reminded me …………………………………………………………………………………
GRAMMAR: Reported Speech (Questions)
REPORTED SPEECH
A reported question is when The most common reporting

we tell someone what another verb for questions is:

person asked. To do this, we  ask
can use direct speech or
indirect speech.
We can also use verbs like:
 enquire
 want to know
 wonder
YES / NO QUESTIONS
Examples:
In yes / no questions, we use:
Direct Speech
 if “Are you going to the Helsinki
conference?” He asked me.
 whether
Indirect Speech
to report the question. However He asked me if I was going to the
Helsinki conference.
“If” is more common.
Direct Speech
“Have you finished the project yet?” She
asked us
Indirect Speech
She asked us whether we'd finished the
project yet.
QUESTIONS WITH A QUESTION WORD
Direct Speech
In what, where, why, who, “What time does the train leave?”, He
asked me
when or how questions, we
Indirect Speech
use the question word to He asked (me) what time the train left.
report the question.

Direct Speech
“Where did he go?” She asked
Indirect Speech
She asked where he’d gone.
OFFERS, REQUESTS &

SUGGESTIONS
If the question is making an OFFERS
offer, request or suggestion, 'Would you like me to help you?'

He offered to help me.

REQUESTS
we can use a specific verb
'Can you hold this for me, please?'
pattern instead, for example: She asked me to hold it.
 offer + infinitive
SUGGESTIONS
 ask + infinitive
'Why don't we check with Joel?'
 suggest + ing. She suggested checking with
Joel.
MORE EXAMPLES

reporting)
(DS) Simple Past
(RS) Past Perfect
“Did she move to Florida?”, Her mother asked if she had Her mother asked if she
Her mother asked. moved to Florida. moved to Florida.

reporting)
(DS) Present Progressive
(RS) Past Progressive
“Are you working on I asked him if he was I asked him if he is

weekends?”, I asked him.. working on weekends. working on weekends.

reporting)
(DS) Present Simple
(RS) Past Simple
“Do you like onion?”, The The waiter asked me if I The waiter asked me if
waiter asked me. liked onion. I like onion.

reporting)
(DS) Future : Will
(RS) Would

“What time will you leave She wanted to know what She wanted to know what
Tomorrow?”, She asked time you would leave the time you will leave
you. following day. tomorrow.

reporting)
(DS) Past Simple
(RS) Past Perfect
“Where did you and Tom We ask you where you and We ask you where you
meet ?”, We asked you. Tom had met. and Tom met.
A. Complete the sentences in reported speech. Note the change of pronouns and
tenses.
1. "Where is my umbrella?" she asked.

→ She asked …………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. "How are you?" Martin asked us.

→ Martin asked us ………………………………………………………………………………………
3. He asked, "Do I have to do it?"

→ He asked ………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. "Where have you been?" the mother asked her daughter.

→ The mother asked her daughter …………………………………………………………………….
5. "Which dress do you like best?" she asked her boyfriend.

→ She asked her boyfriend ……………………………………………………………………………
6. "What are they doing?" she asked.
→ She wanted to know ………………………………………………………………………………….
7. "Are you going to the cinema?" he asked me.

→ He wanted to know …………………………………………………………………………………
8. The teacher asked, "Who speaks English?"

→ The teacher wanted to know ………………………………………………………………………
9. "How do you know that?" she asked me.

→ She asked me ………………………………………………………………………………………
10. "Has Caron talked to Kevin?" my friend asked me.

→ My friend asked me ………………………………………………………………………………
B. Finish the sentences using Reported Speech.
1. Christopher: "Do you want to dance?"

Christopher asked me ………………………………………………………………………………
2. Betty: "When did you come?"

Betty wanted to know ……………………………………………………………………………….
3. Mark: "Has John arrived?"

Mark asked me ………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Ronald: "Where does Maria park her car?"

Ronald asked me ……………………………………………………………………………………
5. Elisabeth: "Did you watch the latest film?"

Elisabeth asked me …………………………………………………………………………………
6. Mandy: "Can I help you?"

Mandy wanted to know …………………………………………………………………………….
7. Andrew: "Will Mandy have lunch with Sue?"

Andrew asked me …………………………………………………………………………………...
8. Justin: "What are you doing?"

Justin asked me ……………………………………………………………………………………..
9. Frank: "How much pocket money does Lisa get?"

Frank wanted to know ………………………………………………………………………………
10. Anne: "Must I do the shopping?"

Anne asked …………………………………………………………………………………………..
C. Finish the sentences using Reported Speech.
1. Mandy: "Are the boys reading the book?"

Yesterday Mandy asked me ……………………………………………………………………….

2. Jason: "Who gave you the laptop?"

Yesterday Jason wanted to know …………………………………………………………………
3. Robert: "Is Tim leaving on Friday?"

Yesterday Robert asked me ……………………………………………………………………….
4. Daniel: "Will it rain tomorrow?"

Yesterday Daniel asked me ………………………………………………………………………..
5. Jennifer: "Where do you play football today?"

Yesterday Jennifer wanted to know ………………………………………………………………
6. Nancy: "Why didn't Nick go to New York last summer?"

Yesterday Nancy wanted to know …………………………………………………………………
7. Barbara: "Must I do my homework this afternoon?"

Yesterday Barbara asked me ……………………………………………………………………..
8. Linda: "Did Max fly to London two weeks ago?"

Yesterday Linda wanted to know …………………………………………………………………
9. Grandmother: "Where are my glasses?"

Yesterday Grandmother asked me ………………………………………………………………
10. A man: "When does the train to Liverpool leave?"

Yesterday a man asked me ………………………………………………………………………..
LESSON 3
4.3 That’s the woman who stole my coat

LANGUAGE BUILDER: Computer
desktop laptop printer modem mouse pad

monitor central processing unit keyboard mouse
……………………. ………………………………….. …………………………………
……………………….. …………………………………. …………………………..
………………………….. ……………………………. …………………………………..
READING: Who was Steve Jobs?
B. Read and answer the statements with T (true) or F (false).
Do you have an iPad, iPod, iPhone, a smartwatch or Mac

computer? If you don’t, you probably know someone who has one (or wants one)!
Steve Jobs made the company Apple that created these things that are now such
an important part of the lives of millions of people.
He was born on February 24, 1955, in San Francisco, California. When he was a
boy, he had a special hobby: he liked to take apart televisions and put them back
together again. He was a very good student in school and even skipped a grade.
After he finished grade four, he went into grade six, and in 1972, when he was
seventeen, he graduated from high school. He then began his studies in Reed
College, in Portland, Oregon, but dropped out after six months.
Deciding to quit was not at all easy. It was difficult, but as Jobs later said, “I had no
idea what I wanted to do with my life.” Two years later in 1974, he travelled to
India, and while there he learned about Buddhism.
After Steve Jobs returned to the United States, he found a job as a video
game designer at a company called Atari, and two years after that, in
1976, when he was only twenty-one years old, he created his own
company Apple Computer with his friend, Steve Wozniak. Steve Jobs
later got married in 1991 and had four children. Unfortunately, doctors
discovered that he had cancer on 2003 and in 2011 he died at the age of only 56.
1. Steve Jobs made the Company Apple. T ( ) / F ( )

2. He was born on February 25 1955. T ( ) / F ( )
3. He liked to take apart televisions and put T ( ) / F ( )
them back together again.
4. He was a very bad student in school. T ( ) / F ( )
5. When he was eighteen, he graduated T ( ) / F ( )
from high school.
6. He learned about Buddhism in India. T ( ) / F ( )
7. He found a job as a video game designer. T ( ) / F ( )
8. When he was only twenty-two years old, T ( ) / F ( )
he created his own company.
9. Steve Jobs got married in 1991. T ( ) / F ( )
10. He died at the age of only 66. T ( ) / F ( )
LISTENING
Track 15 C. Listen the dialogue between Alice and

Alessandro and
answer the questions.
1. Did Alessandro own a personal laptop when he was in the university?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. How often does Alessandro use the computer?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. What does Alessandro do?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. What are the advantages of using the computer?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Does Alessandro use other high-tech devices besides computers?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
GRAMMAR: Relative Clauses
RELATIVE CLAUSES
Relative clauses give additional

Subject Pronoun
information about people or
things without starting another If the relative pronoun is followed by a
sentence. They join two English verb, the relative pronoun is a subject
sentences into one sentence. pronoun. Subject pronouns must always
be used.
Relative Pronouns
 That’s the dog which bit me.
Pronoun Use
who people
whom people
which animals & things
that people, animals & things
whose possession Object Pronoun
(people, animals & things)
If the relative pronoun is followed by a
noun or pronoun, the relative pronoun is
an object pronoun. Object pronouns can
be dropped in defining relative clauses
 That’s the dog (which) I adopted.

TYPES OF RELATIVE CLAUSES
Defining Relative Clauses Non – defining Relative Clauses

They give essential information to They give additional information about
define which person or thing we are the person or thing we are talking about.
talking about in a larger group of If a non-defining relative clause is
people or things, without that removed from a sentence, we lose some
information, the sentence will detail, but the overall meaning of the
be meaningless. sentence remains the same. We don't
need this information to understand the
sentence.
Characteristics
 Have essential information Characteristics
about the person or thing.  Have additional information
 Don’t use commas to separate about the person or thing.
the sentence.  Use commas to separate the
 If we remove the subordinate sentence.
clause, the sentence is  If we remove the subordinate
meaningless. clause, the sentence still
 We can replace the relative makes sense.
pronouns “which” & “who”  We can not replace the relative
by “that” pronouns “which” & “who”
 You can omit the relative by “that”.
pronoun when the relative  You can not omit the relative
pronoun is an object pronouns.
pronoun.
Example: Example:
Imagine, Tom is in a room with

three girls. One girl is talking to Tom
and you ask somebody whether he
knows this girl.

Imagine, Tom is in a
room with only one girl.
Here the relative clause defines which
They are talking to
of the three girls you mean. each other and you ask
somebody whether he
 Do you know the girl who is knows this girl.
talking to Tom?
Here the relative clause
is non-defining because in this situation it
is obvious which girl you mean.
 Do you know the girl, who is

talking to Tom?
MORE EXAMPLES
WHO Independent Clause

She is my daughter. My daughter is 4
 Who: is used for people
years old.
Meaning: quien / quienes
Defining Relative Clause
She is my daughter who is 4 years old.
Non - defining Relative Clause

My daughter, who is 4 years old, is in the
school.
WHOM Independent Clause

They are our new friends. We met them in
Paris
 Whom: is used for people
especially in non-defining They are our new friends whom we met
relative clauses in Paris.
(in defining relative clauses Non - defining Relative Clause
we prefer who) Our friends, whom we met in Paris, are in
England.
Meaning: a quien / a
quienes
WHICH Independent Clause
This is my dog Spike. Spike jumps very
high.
 Which: is used for places,
animals or things
This is my dog Spike which jumps very
Meaning: el / la cual high.
los / las cuales

My dog Spike, which is at the vet, jumps

very high.
THAT
Independent Clause
 That: is used for people, Luis is at the hotel. The hotel is near his
house.
animals or things in defining
relative clauses Defining Relative Clause
Luis is at the hotel that is near his house.
(who or which are also
possible) Non - defining Relative Clause
The hotel, that is near Luis’s house, is
Meaning: que elegant.
WHOSE
 Whose: is used for people
Independent Clause
when we want to show He is Michael. Michael is John’s father.
possession.
Meaning: de quien / cuyo / He is Michael whose son is John.
cuyas
Michael, whose son in John, is here.
D. Add the phrase in brackets to the sentence using “that” or “who” and a relative
clause.
1) She worked for a man. (the man used to be an athlete)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….....
2) They called a lawyer. (the lawyer lived nearby)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….....
3) The customer liked the waitress. (the waitress was very friendly)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….....
4) We broke the computer. (the computer belonged to my father)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….....
5) I dropped a glass. (the glass was new)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….....
6) She loves books. (the books have happy endings)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….....
7) They live in a city. (the city is in the north of England)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….....
8) The man is in the garden. (the man is wearing a blue jumper)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….....
9) The girl works in a bank. (the girl is from India)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….....
10) My sister has three children. (my sister lives in Australia)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….....
11) The waiter was rude. (the waiter was wearing a blue shirt)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….....
12) The money is in the kitchen. (the money belongs to John)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….....
13) The table got broken. (the table was my grandmother's)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….....
14) The television was stolen. (the television was bought 20 years ago)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….....
15) The fruit is on the table. (the fruit isn't fresh)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
E. Choose the correct relative pronoun (who, which, whose)
1. This is the bank …………………. was robbed yesterday.

2. A boy …………………. sister is in my class was in the bank at that time.
3. The man …………………. robbed the bank had two pistols.
4. He wore a mask …………………. made him look like Mickey Mouse.
5. He came with a friend …………………. waited outside in the car.
6. The woman …………………. gave him the money was young.
7. The bag …………………. contained the money was yellow.
8. The people …………………. were in the bank were very frightened.
9. A man …………………. mobile was ringing did not know what to do.
10. A woman …………………. daughter was crying tried to calm her.
11. The car …………………. the bank robbers escaped in was orange.
12. The robber …………………. mask was obviously too big didn't drive.
13. The man …………………. drove the car was nervous.

14. He didn't wait at the traffic lights …………………. were red.
15. A police officer …………………. car was parked at the next corner stopped and
arrested them.

F. Decide whether the relative pronoun is a subject pronoun or an object pronoun.
1. Do you know the girl who I danced with? -

………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. Do you know the girl who danced with me? -
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
3. The apples that are lying on the table are bad. -
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
4. The apples that we bought in the shop are bad. -
………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. We will stay at a hotel which is not far from the beach. -
…………………………………………………………………………………….………..
6. We will stay at a hotel which my friend has recommended to us. -
………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. That is a museum which I like very much. -
………………………………………………………………………………………….…..
8. That is a museum which lies in the heart of the town. -
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
9. This is the man who Barbara visited in Scotland. -
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
10. This is the man who lives in Scotland.-
……………………………………………………………………………………….…….
G. Add the phrase in brackets to the sentence using a relative clause. Use “that” or
no pronoun.
1) She bought the computer. (her brother had recommended the computer)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2) He lost the money. (I had given him the money)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3) We called the taxi company. (Julie often uses the taxi company)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4) John met a girl. (I used to employ the girl)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5) Lucy called the doctor. (my mother knows the doctor)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6) He brought a woman. (I used to often meet the woman)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7) We employed the lawyer. (Julie recommended the lawyer)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8) The fruit is on the table. (I bought the fruit)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9) The wallet belongs to John. (Lucy found the wallet in the garden)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10) The food was delicious. (David cooked the food)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
11) The car was stolen. (my father gave me the car)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
12) The man was arrested. (I reported the man to the police)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
13) The doctor was right. (Lucy asked the doctor about her problem)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
14) The waitress was very pretty. (my brother dated the waitress)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
15) The secretary is in the office. (the boss likes the secretary)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
16) We ate the fruit. (I bought the fruit)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
READING: My Beautiful balloon

H. Read and answer the statements with T (true) or F (false).
Kim Armstrong has always dreamed of flying. One

day he went to a store where he bought weather
balloons and tanks of helium. Back home, Kim
attached helium-filled balloons to his garden chair
which he had tied down. Then he gathered
together sandwiches, drinks and a pellet gun that
he planned to use to break balloons when he wanted to come down to earth again.
Kim thought he would float about 30 feet above his house. However, when he cut the
rope that held the chair, he sped up to 11,000 feet. Afraid to shoot the balloons at that
altitude, he drifted for 14 hours. By that time he was heading towards an international
airport.
Kim was spotted by a pilot who radioed the control tower. The pilot described kim as an
armed man who was floating along the chair. When radar confirmed the existence of
an object that was heading toward an airport, a helicopter was sent to investigate.

The helicopter found him, whom the crew rescued after they decided that he was not
dangerous. To do so, they lowered a rescue line that Kim attached to his chair. Kim
was pulled back to the ground where he was arrested for violating airspace laws.
1. Kim Armstrong has always dreamed of flying. T( ) / F ( )

2. Kim bought color streamers in a store. T( ) / F ( )
3. Kim attached helium-filled balloons to his garden chair. T( ) / F ( )
4. Kim gathered together magazines and newspapers. T( ) / F ( )
5. Kim sped up to 11,000 feet. T( ) / F ( )
6. Kim drifted for 14 hours. T( ) / F ( )
7. A plane was sent to investigate. T( ) / F ( )
8. Kim was arrested for violating airspace laws. T( ) / F ( )
NOTAS IMPORTANTES:
uso de las tag-question, asi como el uso de reported speech
y las clausulas relativas.
Una vez que hemos finalizado la cuarta unidad, sugiero que

intente contestar la AUTOEVALUACIÓN 4, la misma que le
permitirá verificar su progreso y de ser el caso obtener una

AUTOEVALUACIÓN 4
1. Make negative tags.

 It is raining, ………………………………..
 They live in Lugo, ………………………..
 Alan is handsome, ……………………….
 We spent a good time, …………………..
2. Make affirmative tags.

 Ann doesn’t like me, ………………………………………….
 I was not the best, …………………………………………....
 You won’t do it, ………………………………………………..
 Cristina has not called the police, ……………………………
3. Make sentences in which you quote the speaker’s exact words. Use “said” or “ask”.
 Mike: I live in the city center.
……………………………………………………………………………………….
 Teresa: We are going to call Allan.
…………………………………………………………………………………………

 She said “Shall we start?”
 Shall we start? She said.
 Shall we start?, She said.
5. Report the sentences using the informal report speech. (PRESENT)

 “ I am hungry”
He says that ……………………………………………………..…… .
 “ I don’t like Peter.”
She says she ………………………………………………….……..
6. Report the sentences using the formal reported speech. (PAST)

 “My granddad was a pilot.”
He said that ………………………………………………………….
 “I have bought a tie.”
She said she ………………………………….…………………..
7. Complete the sentences with reported commands.

 “Close the door.”

The teacher told me ……………………………………….

 “Don’t make noise here”
He advised us ……………………………………………….
 “Let’s study for the exams”
Amanda ordered us …………………………………………
8. Report these questions.

 “Where is the dog?”
He asked me …………………………………………..
 “Do you play tennis?”
Lisa wanted to know …………………………………..
9. Add the phrase in brackets to the sentences using a relative clause.

 I broke the plate. The plate was a wedding present.
………………………………………………………………………………………
 They found the money. I dropped the money.
………………………………………………………………………………………
 The girl is on TV tonight. I met the girl yesterday.
………………………………………………………………………………………
 He likes films. The films come from Asia.
………………………………………………………………………………………
10. Complete the blank spaces with a relative pronoun.

 Hasan is the person ……………. the manager wants to see.
 The car, ……………..was designed by a foreign company, won the race.
5. SOLUCIONARIO
AUTOEVALUACIÓN 1
PREGUNTA RESPUESTA
1. Form the zero conditional.
mix / get
If you ……….(to mix) red and green, you ………………
(to get) brown.

buys / doesn’t have
He never …………. (to buy) lunch if he ……………
(to have / not) cash.
 buy / didn’t have

 buys / doesn’t have
 to buy / wouldn’t have
3. Form the first conditional.

will clean / paint
I ……….(to clean) the room if you ………………
(to paint) the room.

ss / will go
If the weather …………. (to be) good, we
………….. (to go) to the beach.
 will be / go
 to be / will go
 is / will go
5. Complete the blank space with “need”

need
or “needn’t”
 You ………………… to get an
appointment 2 months is advance to needn’t
guarantee seeing the orthodontist.

 She ……………….. take her shoes
off.
needn’t have taken
She took her money with her but her boyfriend
paid.
She ………………….. her money with her

because her boyfriend paid.


didn’t need to take
She didn’t take her money with her, her
boyfriend always paid.
She ……………………. her money with her,
because her boyfriend always paid.
8. Choose the correct option

little
There’s ……………. tea left.
 few
 little

few
There were …………… lions there.
 few
 little

a little
I need …………. sleep.
 a few
 a little
AUTOEVALUACIÓN 2
PREGUNTA RESPUESTA

1. Complete with “will” or “be going to” and the verb in

am going to visit
parentheses.
Have you got any plans for tomorrow?
Yes, I …………………… my grandparents. (visit)

will get
We are thirsty.
Wait here. I ……………. some water.
 will get
 am going to get
doggie bag
3. Write the word that corresponds to this
description.
It is a bag used by a restaurant customer or party
guest to take home leftover food, supposedly for their
dog.
will
4. Complete the blank space with “will” or “be going to”
Meat or fish?
I …………………… have some fish, please.
slice
5. Write the verb that corresponds to this description.
Cut something, especially food into slices.
6. Complete the blank space with the infinitive or gerund.

talking
Fred avoided …………………. to Peter. (talk)
7. Select the infinitive or gerund.

to work
We agreed ……………………….. on the project together.
 to work
 working

curlers
It is a roller or clasp around which a lock of hair is wrapped to
curl it.
9. Order the sentence.

He can’t bear having so
can’t bear / he / so much / responsibility / having
much responsibility.
to renovate
We are not planning ……………………. the hotel much longer.

 renovating
 to renovate
AUTOEVALUACIÓN 3
PREGUNTA RESPUESTA

boring
The movie is ……………………… .
 bored

 boring
2. Complete the sentence with the correct

embarrassed
participle.
I couldn’t remember her name. I felt so
…………………………. !
 embarrassed
 embarrasing
3 . Circle the correct participle.

frustrated
Mike can’t solve this math problem. He feels very
confusing
frustrated / frustrating. Math is just so confusing /
confused.
4. Choose the correct order of adjectives.

beautiful brown
She has ………………………. eyes.
 brown beautiful
 beautiful brown
5. Complete the sentence using the adjectives in

They live in a wonderful old wooden
the correct order. (wooden / wonderful / a / old )
house.
They live in ……………………………………………..
house.

An old foreign
……………………… coin
 A foreign old
 An old foreign Awful white
……………………… shoes
 Awful white
 White awful
7. Circle the correct option for this description.

Euro
This is the single European currency.
 Dollar
 Euro
 Peso

8. Change this active sentence into a passive

Their granny will be visited by
sentence.
them next week.
They will visit their granny next week.
………………………………………………………………
…
9. Select the correct option to complete the blank

were hidden
space.
The jewels ……………………… in the cellar last week
by him.
 are being hidden
 were hidden
 are hidden
10. Make these sentences passive.

The book has been forgotten by
Steven has forgotten the book.
him.
…………………………………………………………
She plays handball every weekend.
………………………………………………………… Handball is played by her every
weekend.
AUTOEVALUACIÓN 4
PREGUNTA RESPUESTA
1. Make negative tags.

It is raining, isn’t it?
 It is raining, ………………………………..
They live in Lugo, don’t they?
 They live in Lugo, ………………………..
 Alan is handsome, ………………………. Alan is handsome, isn’t he?
 We spent a good time, …………………..
We spent a good time, didn’t we?

2. Make affirmative tags. Ann doesn’t like me, does she?
 Ann doesn’t like me, ……………………… I was not the best, was I?
 I was not the best, ……………………….. You won’t do it, will you?
 You won’t do it, ……………………………
 Cristina has not called the police, ……… Cristina has not called the police, has she?
3. Make sentences in which you quote the

Mike said, “I live in the city center.”
speaker’s exact words. Use “said” or “ask”.
Teresa said, “ We are going to call Allan.”
 Mike: I live in the city center.
……………………………………………
 Teresa: We are going to call Allan.
……………………………………………

Shall we start? She said.
 She said “Shall we start?”
 Shall we start? She said.
 Shall we start?, She said.
5. Report the sentences using the informal

“I am hungry.”
report speech.
He says that he is hungry.
 “ I am hungry.”
He says that ………………………………………
 “ I don’t like Peter.” “I don’t like Peter.”
She says she ……………………………………. She says she doesn’t like him.
6. Report the sentences using the formal
“My granddad was a pilot.”
reported speech.
He said that his granddad had been a pilot.
 “My granddad was a pilot.”
He said that ……………………………………
 “I have bought a tie.” “I have bought a tie.”
She said she…………………………………… She said she had bought a tie.
7. Complete the sentences with reported

“Close the door.”
commands.
The teacher told me to close the door.
 “Close the door.”
The teacher told me ……………………………
 “Don’t make noise here” “Don’t make noise here.”
He advised us ………………………………….. He advised us not to make noise here.
 “Let’s study for the exams”

Amanda ordered us ……………………………

“Let’s study for the exams.”
Amanda ordered us studying for the exams.

8 Report these questions.
“Where is the dog?”
 “Where is the dog?”
He asked me where the dog was.
He asked me ………………………………….
 “Do you play tennis?”
“Do you play tennis?”
Lisa wanted to know …………………………
Lisa wanted to know if I played tennis.
9. Add the phrase in brackets to the sentences

I broke the plate that was a wedding present.
using a relative clause.
They found the money I dropped.
I broke the plate. The plate was a
wedding present. The girl, I met yesterday, is on TV.
……………………………………… He likes films that come from Asia.

They found the money. I dropped the money.
…………………………………………………
The girl is on TV tonight. I met the girl yesterday.
………………………………………………………
He likes films. The films come from Asia.
……………………………………………………
Hasan is the person who / that the manager wants

10. Complete the blank spaces with a relative to see.
pronoun.
The car, which was designed by a foreign
 Hasan is the person ……………. the
company, won the race.
manager wants to see.
 The car, ……………..was designed by a
foreign company, won the race.
6. ANEXOS
VERBS FOLLOWED BY GERUND
The most important of these verbs are shown below:
VERB MEANING VERB MEANING
ABHOR aborrecer /abominar FEEL LIKE sentir como

ADMIT admitir / aceptar / FORBID prohibir/ privar

reconocer
ADVISE aconsejar/ recomendar FORGIVE perdonar / disculpar

asesorar
AKNOWLEDGE reconocer / admitir / FORGET olvidar

confesar
ALLOW permitir / autorizar HAVE tener
ANTICIPATE anticiparse / prever HATE odiar
AVOID evitar / eludir IMAGINE imaginar
APPRECIATE apreciar / estimar INVOLVE involucrar / implicar
BEGIN comenzar / empezar KEEP mantener / conservar
BE WORTH valer LIKE gustar
CAN’T BEAR no poder tolerar LOVE amar
CAN’T HELP no poder ayudar LOATHE detestar / odiar
CAN’T SEE no poder ver MENTION mencionar / hablar de
CAN’T STAND no poder soportar MIND preocupar / importar
CEASE cesar / parar MISS perder / fallar /

extrañar
CELEBRATE celebrar / festejar MEAN significar / suponer /

querer decir
COMPLETE completar / terminar NEED necesitar
CONTEMPLATE contemplar NECESSITATE necesitar
CONTINUE continuar / seguir NEGLECT descuidar / desatender
CONSIDER considerar / creer OMIT omitir / suprimir
CONFESS confesar / admitir PARDON perdonar / indultar
DEFEND defender / proteger PERMIT Permitir / autorizar
DEFER aplazar / diferir PICTURE imaginarse /

describir
DETEST detestar / odiar POSTPONE posponer / aplazar
DELAY retrasar / demorar PRACTICE practicar
DENY negar / rechazar PREFER preferir
DESPISE despreciar PREVENT evitar / impedir

DISLIKE disgustar PROPOSE proponer (idea o plan)

proponer (matrimonio)
DISCONTINUE suspender / QUIT dejar / abandonar

interrumpir/
discontinuar
DISCUSS discutir / debatir RECALL recordar
DISPUTE disputar / cuestionar RECOMMEND recomendar
DREAD temer / tener miedo RECOLLECT recordar / acordarse de
DON’T MIND No importar REGRET lamentar / sentir /

arrepentirse de
ENCOURAGE animar / alentar REMEMBER Recordar
ENJOY disfrutar REPORT informar / comunicar
ENDURE soportar / aguantar / REQUIRE exigir / necesitar / pedir

resistir
ESCAPE escapar / huir RESENT resentirse de /

ofenderse por
EVADE evadir / eludir RESIST resistirse / oponerse a
ENTAIL implicar RESUME reanudar / continuar
EXCUSE excusar / disculpar / RISK arriesgar / aventurar

perdonar
EXPLAIN explicar SAVE salvar / proteger/

ahorrar
FANCY imaginarse / creer SHIRK eludir / evitar
FINISH terminar SHUN huir de / esquivar
FEAR temer / tener miedo SPEND TIME pasar tiempo
FEIGN fingir / aparentar START comenzar
SUPPORT apoyar / respaldar / SUGGEST sugerir / recomendar

ayudar
STOP detener / parar TOLERATE tolerar / respetar
TRY intentar / probar / UNDERSTAND entender / comprender

ensayar
URGE empujar / incitar WASTE TIME pasar tempo

EXAMPLES:
 He admitted cheating on the test.

 She admitted breaking the window.
 The doctor generally advised drinking low-fat milk.
 Doctors generally advised doing exercise.
 Ireland doesn't allow smoking in bars.
 The European Union doesn’t allow smoking in bars.
 I anticipated arriving late.
 I anticipated getting stuck in traffic.
 He avoided talking to her.
 I avoid going to the dentist.
 I appreciated her helping me
 I began learning Chinese.
 He can't bear having so much responsibility.
 He can’t bear being late.
 He can't help talking so loudly.
 I can’t help drinking so much.
 I can't see paying so much money for a car.
 I can’t see us living in London
 He can't stand her smoking in the office.
 The government ceased providing free healthcare
 He completed renovating the house.
 He continued talking.
 She considered moving to New York.
 The lawyer defended her making such statements
 He delayed doing his taxes.

 He delayed replying to the letter
 He denied committing the crime.
 She despises waking up early.
 She dislikes working after 5 PM.
 She dislikes being ignored.
 We discussed working at the company.

 She dreads getting up at 5 AM.

 She dreads meeting he in-laws.
 I don't mind helping you.
 He encourages eating healthy foods.
 We enjoy hiking.
 He finished doing his homework.
 I have finished working
 I forgot giving you my book.
 I hate cleaning the bathroom.
 I hate doing the ironing.
 He imagines working there one day.
 I can't imagine living in that big house.
 The job involves traveling to Japan once a month.
 She kept interrupting me.
 She likes listening to music.
 I love swimming.
 I love reading.
 He mentioned going to that college.
 Do you mind waiting here for a few minutes.
 She misses living near the beach.
 I miss living in England.
 I miss taking walks in the morning.
 The aquarium needs cleaning.
 Sometimes she neglects doing her homework.
 California does not permit smoking in restaurants.
 He postponed returning to Paris.
 She practiced singing the song.
 He prefers sitting at the back of the movie theater.
 I proposed having lunch at the beach.
 She quit worrying about the problem.

 Tom recalled using his credit card at the store.
 Tony recommended taking the train.
 She recollected living in Kenya.
 She regretted saying that.
 I remember telling her the address yesterday.
 He reported her stealing the money.

 He reported her using office property for her personal use.
 The certificate requires completing two courses.
 Nick resented Debbie's being there.
 He resisted asking for help.
 He risked being caught.
 He started studying harder.
 They suggested staying at the hotel.
 She stopped working at 5 o'clock.
 I tolerated her talking.
 I tolerated them being at the party
 Sam tried opening the lock with a paperclip.
 I understand fishing pretty well.
 They urge recycling bottles and paper.
VERBS FOLLOWED BY INFINITIVES
Many different verbs are followed, or can be followed, by a second verb in the infinitive. All
of the verbs below are followed by a to-infinitive
VERB MEANING VERB MEANING

AFFORD Costearse / permitirse APPEAR aparecer

el lujo
proveer / ofrecer
AIM aspirar / pretender AGREE estar de acuerdo
ATTEMPT intentar / tratar de ARRANGE organizar / ordenar

arreglar
ASK pedir / preguntar BE ABLE ser capaz de
BOTHER molestar / fastidiar
BEG mendigar / pedir BEGIN empezar / comenzar

limosna
rogar a / suplicar a
CAN’T BEAR no poder tolerar CAN’T STAND no poder soportar
CAN’T AFFORD no poder permitirse CAN’T WAIT no poder esperar

TO
CARE cuidar / atender CHANCE probar / tener suerte
CHOOSE elegir / escoger CLAIM reclamar
COME venir CONDESCEN condescender

D
CONSENT consentir CONTINUE continuar / seguir
CEASE cesar / parar
DARE atreverse / osar DECIDE Decidir
DEMAND pedir / solicitar / DESERVE merecer / ser digno de

exigir
demandar / reclamar
DETERMINE determinar / definir DETEST detestar / odiar
DREAD temer / tener miedo
DISLIKE disgustar EXPECT esperar / contar con
ELECT elegir / escoger ENDEAVOR esforzarse / tratar de
FAIL Fallar / fracasar FORGET olvidar
GET obtener / conseguir GROW UP crecer
GUARANTEE garantizar / asegurar HASTEN acelerar / apresurarse
HAPPEN suceder / ocurrir HAVE tener
HESITATE vacilar / oscilar HOPE esperar / tener

esperanza

HATE odiar HELP ayudar
HURRY apresurarse INCLINE inclinar
INTEND intentar LEAP saltar / brincar
LEARN aprender / saber LEAVE salir / dejar
LIKE gustar LONG anhelar
LOVE amar MANAGE gestionar / administrar/

manejar
MEAN significar / suponer NEED necesitar

querer decir
NEGLECT descuidar / desatender OFFER ofrecer
OMIT omitir / suprimir PAY pagar
PLAN planificar / planear PLEDGE prometer / jurar
PROMISE prometer PREPARE preparar
PREFER preferir PRETEND fingir / pretender/

disimular
PROCEED proceder / seguir/ PROPOSE proponer (idea o plan)

avanzar proponer (matrimonio)
PROFESS profesar PROVE demostrar / provar
REFUSE rechazar / negar REMEMBER recordar
REMAIN p/ quedarse REQUEST solicitar / pedir
REGRET lamentar / sentir
RESOLVE resolver SAY decir
SEEM parecer SEEK buscar
SHOOT disparar / tirar / lanzar SHUDDER estremecer

filmar / fotografiar
START comenzar STOP detener / parar
STRIVE esforzarse / luchar SWEAR jurar
STRUGGLE luchar / esforzarse TEND tender / tener

tendencia
atender / cuidar
THREATEN amenazar TRY intentar / probar
USE usar VENTURE aventurarse /

arriesgarse
VOLUNTEER ofrecerse de voluntario VOW prometer / jurar
UNDERTAKE emprender /
comprometerse /
encargarse de
WAIT esperar WANT querer
WISH desear WOULD LIKE gustaría
YEARN añorar / ansiar WOULD LOVE amaría
EXAMPLES:
 I hope to see you next week.

 He claimed to be an expert.
 I managed to reach the top of the hill.
 Would you care to swim?
 He appeared to be lost.
 She seems to be running late.
 Tom agreed to help me.
 His health appeared to be better.
 Naomi arranged to stay with her cousin in Miami.
 She asked to leave.
 He began to talk.
 He can't bear to be alone.
 Nancy can't stand to work the late shift.
 He doesn't care to participate in the activity.
 The government ceased to provide free healthcare.
 I chose to help.
 She claimed to be a princess.
 She continued to talk.
 We decided to go to Hawaii.
 He demanded to speak to Mr. Harris.

 He deserves to go to jail.
 I dread to think what might happen.
 They expect to arrive early.
 He failed to get enough money to pay for the new project.
 I forgot to lock the door when I left.

 Debbie gets to go to the concert next week! Why can't I?
 She happened to be at the bank when it was robbed.
 He hates to clean dishes.
 She hesitated to tell me the problem.
 I hope to begin college this year.
 We intend to visit you next spring.
 I learned to speak Japanese when I was a kid.
 Samantha likes to read.
 We love to scuba dive.
 He managed to open the door without the key.
 I need to study.
 She neglected to tell me the date of the meeting
 Frank offered to drive us to the supermarket.
 We plan to go to Europe this summer
 He prefers to eat at 7 PM
 They prepared to take the test.
 The child pretended to be a monster.
 She promised to stop smoking.
 Drew proposed to pay for the trip.
 The guard refused to let them enter the building.
 I regret to inform you that your application was rejected.
 Did you remember to lock the door when you left?
 Nancy seemed to be disappointed.
 Marge started to talk really fast.
 She swore to tell the truth.
 He tends to be a little shy.
 He threatened to leave forever.
 Mary tried to lift the table, but it was too heavy.
 He vowed to get revenge.
 She waited to buy a movie ticket.
 I want to study Spanish.

 I wish to stay.
 We would like to start now.
 Melanie yearns to travel somewhere exotic.

Anita Remache - GUIA Nivel A2.2 - Periodo Junio-Agosto 2021

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Anita Remache - GUIA Nivel A2.2 - Periodo Junio-Agosto 2021

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II PERÍODO

Carreras en las que se imparte esta NIVEL

MODALIDAD ONLINE bajo Resolución No. 078-ISTR-OCS-11-06-2020

INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TECNOLÓGICO RIOBAMBA

Diagramación y diseño digital:

La versión digital ha sido aprobada mediante la resolución Nº 078-ISTR-OCS-11-06-

3. ORIENTACIONES GENERALES PARA EL ESTUDIO.........................................9

3.1. Materiales educativos...........................................................................................9

3.2. Ambiente de aprendizaje......................................................................................9

3.3. Apoyo tecnológico............................................................................................100

3.5. Normativa APA de citación...............................................................................111

4. PROCESO DE ENSEÑANZA APRENDIZAJE..................................................122

1. UNIDAD I: IF YOU HEAT WATER TO 100 DEGREES, IT BOILS....................122

1.1. Lección 1: If you heat water to 100 degress, it boils.............¡Error! Marcador no

1.2. Lección 2: You needn’t be a chef for making spaghetti.......................................20

1.3. Lección 3: Can you discount it a little?................................................................26

2. UNIDAD II: I’M GOING TO PAY FOR THIS LUNCH!..........................................33

2.1. Lección 1: I’m going to pay for this lunch!...........................................................33

2.2. Lección 2: I can’t afford to buy a new car............................................................40

2.3. Lección 3: Sam misses playing with his friends..................................................44

3. UNIDAD III: JOHN IS INTERESTED IN ART BECAUSE IT’S INTERESTING...50

3.1. Lección 1: John is interested in art because it’s interesting.................................50

3.2. Lección 2: It’s a really nice city............................................................................58

3.3. Lección 3: My dog was stolen.............................................................................62

4. UNIDAD IV: SHE LIKES TO EXERCISE, DOESN’T SHE?.................................76

4.1. Lección 1: She likes to exercise, doesn’t she? ...................................................76

6 INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TECNOLÓGICO RIOBAMBA

En consecuencia, ésta asignatura tiene como objetivo primordial reforzar el proceso de

La presente guía didáctica está estructurada en cuatro unidades. En la primera unidad,

Al respecto, es importante que usted tenga presente que, dada la naturaleza de la

Apreciado estudiante, es conveniente que tome en cuenta que el proceso de aprendizaje es

7 INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TECNOLÓGICO RIOBAMBA

Revise detenidamente el apartado “orientaciones para el estudio” en donde constan

8 INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TECNOLÓGICO RIOBAMBA

Abarca, D. (2020). Módulo A2.2. Riobamba, Ecuador.

Siefring, J (2004) Oxford Dictionary of Idioms. Second Edition. Oxford University

Stobbe, G (2008) Just Enough English Grammar Illustrated. McGraw-Hill.

Murphy, R (2015) Essential Grammar in Use. Fourth Edition. Cambridge University

Hall, D (2016) English for Everyone English Grammar Guide. DK Dorling

Murphy, R (2019) English Grammar in Use. Fifth Edition. Cambridge University

9 INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TECNOLÓGICO RIOBAMBA

3. ORIENTACIONES GENERALES PARA EL ESTUDIO

3.1. Materiales Educativos

▪ La guía didáctica: Constituye un excelente recurso, dado que, utilizando un

 Sílabo: Es una herramienta de planificación y organización, que contiene toda la

 Planificación: Es el proceso de especificación de la secuencia de actividades

 Seguimiento del Sílabo: Es el instrumento que verifica el cumplimiento de las

 Atención al estudiante: Es el instrumento que permite llevar el control de las

 Control de cátedra: Es el instrumento que permite llevar el control diario de

3.2. Ambiente de Aprendizaje

El ambiente de aprendizaje será interactivo, sincrónico y asincrónico, donde el docente

herramientas; considerando valores como el respeto, la ética, la tolerancia, la solidaridad,

3.3. Apoyo tecnológico

 Aula Virtual en Moodle Institucional: Los profesores deben hacer uso

 Plataforma Zoom: Es una plataforma de video y audio conferencia online para

 Plataforma Jitsi: Es un proyecto financiado por la empresa Atlassian, con el que

 Plataforma Google Meet: Es la nueva aplicación de videoconferencias de

11 INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TECNOLÓGICO RIOBAMBA

3.5. Normativa APA de citación

Una cuestión que cabe destacar es la importancia de conocer y manejar la normativa de

12 INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TECNOLÓGICO RIOBAMBA

4. PROCESO DE ENSEÑANZA APRENDIZAJE

1. UNIDAD I: IF YOU HEAT WATER TO 100 DEGREES, IT BOILS