Trabajo de Cesion de Derechos Casaciones

ML]CÝE FL FLZLMDG]
HLNC]HIMCÝE
Irtímuhg 9:01¿.- Mlsiýe fl flrlmdgs.
Hi mlsiýe ls lh imtg fl fispgsimiýe le virtuf flh muih lh mlfletl triesbitl ih mlsigeirig lh

f l r l m d g i l x inir hi prlstimiýe i mirng fl su flufgr, qul sl di gjhinifg i
t ít u h g f is t ie tg .
triesalrir pgr ue
Hi mlsiýe pulfl dimlrsl iue sie lh isletibiletg flh flufgr.
Irtímuhg 9:0>¿.- Agrbihifif fl mlsiýe fl flrlmdgs.
Hi mlsiýe fljl mgestir pgr lsmritg, jijg siemiýe fl euhifif.
Muiefg lh imtg g mgetritg qul mgestituyl lh títuhg fl hi triesalrlemii flh flrlmdg

mgestl pgr lsmritg, lstl fgmubletg sirvl fl mgestiemii fl hi mlsiýe.
Irtímuhg 9:04¿.- Flrlmdgs qul pulfle slr mlfifgs.
Pulfle mlflrsl flrlmdgs qul slie bitlrii fl mgetrgvlrsii jufimiih, irjitrih

g ifbieistritivi.
Irtímuhg 9:03¿.- Mlsiýe flh flrlmdg i pirtimipir le pitribgeig dlrlfitirig.
Vibjiée pulfl mlflrsl lh flrlmdg i pirtimipir le ue pitribgeig dlrlfitirig yi miusifg,

qulfiefg lh mlfletl gjhinifg i nirietizir su mihifif fl dlrlflrg.
Irtímuhg 9:90¿.- Celaimimii fl hi Mlsiýe.
Hi mlsiýe eg pulfl lalmtuirsl muiefg sl gpgel i hi hly, i hi eiturihlzi fl hi

gjhinimiýe g ih pimtg mge lh flufgr.
Lh pimtg pgr lh qul sl prgdíjl g rlstrienl hi mlsiýe ls gpgeijhl ih mlsigeirig fl julei

al, si mgesti flh iestrubletg pgr lh qul sl mgestituyý hi gjhinimiýe g sl prulji
qul lh mlsigeirig hg mgegmíi ih bgbletg fl hi mlsiýe.
Irtímuhg 9:99¿.- Lxtlesiýe fl hi mlsiýe fl flrlmdgs.
Hi mlsiýe fl flrlmdgs mgbprlefl hi triesbisiýe ih mlsigeirig fl hgs privihlnigs,

his nirietíis rlihls y plrsgeihls, isí mgbg hgs immlsgrigs flh flrlmdg trisbitifg, sihvg
pimtg le mgetririg.
Le lh misg fl ue jile fifg le prlefi, fljl slr letrlnifg ih mlsigeirig si lstuvilsl le

pgflr flh mlfletl, bés eg si lstuvilsl le pgflr fl ue tlrmlrg.
Irtímuhg 9:9:¿.- Nirietíi flh flrlmdg mlfifg.

Lh mlfletl lsté gjhinifg i nirietizir hi lxistlemii y lxinijihifif flh flrlmdg mlfifg, sihvg
pimtg fistietg.
Irtímuhg 9:9=¿.- Nirietíi fl hi sghvlemii flh flufgr
Lh mlfletl eg lsté gjhinifg i nirietizir hi sghvlemii flh flufgr, plrg si hg

diml, rlspgefl fletrg fl hgs híbitls fl muietg di rlmijifg y qulfi gjhinifg ih
ping fl hgs ietlrlsls y ih rllbjghsg fl hgs nistgs fl hi mlsiýe y fl hgs qul
lh mlsigeirig diyi rlihizifg piri ljlmutir ih flufgr, sihvg pimtg fistietg.
Irtímuhg 9:96¿.- Mlsiýe hlnih? Lalmtgs.
Muiefg hi mlsiýe gplri pgr bieistlrig fl hi hly, lh mlfletl eg rlspgefl fl su rlihifif,

ei fl hi sghvlemii flh flufgr.
Irtímuhg 9:9<¿.- Ceimig fl hgs lalmtgs fl hi mlsiýe.
Hi mlsiýe prgfuml lalmtg mgetri lh flufgr mlfifg flsfl qul lstl hi imlpti g
hl ls mgbueimifi aldimiletlbletl.
Irtímuhg 9:91¿.- Lxmlpmiýe fl hi hijlrimiýe flh flufgr pgr mubphibiletg fl

hi prlstimiýe.
Lh flufgr qul ietls fl hi mgbueimimiýe g fl hi imlptimiýe, mubphl hi prlstimiýe
rlsplmtg ih mlfletl, eg qulfi hijlrifg ietl lh mlsigeirig si lsti prulji qul fimdg
flufgr mgegmíi fl hi mlsiýe rlihizifi.
Irtímuhg 9:9>¿.- Prlhimiýe le hi mgemurrlemii fl mlsigeirigs.
]i ue bisbg flrlmdg aulsl mlfifg i viriis plrsgeis, prlvihlml hi mlsiýe qul priblrg aul
mgbueimifi ih flufgr g qul lstl dujilri imlptifg.
FGMVZCEI
Irtímuhg 9:01¿.- Flaieimiýe.
 Piri FCL_-PCMI_G, Huis & NIHHÝE, Ietgeig?
‘Hi Mlsiýe fl Mréfitgs ls hi triesbisiýe pgr lh imrllfgr fl hi tituhirifif fl

su
flrlmdg fl mréfitg i gtri plrsgei. Egrbihbletl, ls mgeslmulemii fl ue elngmig
jurífimg le muyi virtuf sl di prgfumifg lsl flsphizibiletg pitribgeiih
(vleti, fgeimiýe, mlsiýe sghitirii piri pinir uei flufi qul tilel lh
imrllfgr mge lh mlsigeirig, ltm.)‒.9
9
FCL_-PCMI_G, Huis & N\HHÝE, Ietgeig. ‘]istlba fl Flrlcdg Mivil‒. Qgluble CC? Ll cgetratg le nlelral, la
rllaciýe gjlinatgria, cgetratgs le lsplcial, cuasi cgetratgs, leriqulcibiletg sie causa rlspgesajilifaf
lxtracgetractual. Lfitgrial Vlcegs. Bafrif? Lspaña. 1° lficiýe. 933:. Pán. :<>.
 Piri IHVLZCEC, Itihig Ieíjih, IBLIH, Gsmir Ogsé y HÝPL_ MIJIEI,
Zgjlrtg B?
‘Dijré mlsiýe fl mréfitg, muiefg uei fl his pirtls sl gjhinul i triesalrir i hi

gtri pirtl lh flrlmdg qul hl mgbpltl mgetri su flufgr, letrlnéefghl lh
títuhg fl mréfitg, si lxistilsl (irt. 96=6, Mýf. Miv.). Ls flmir? hi mlsiýe flh
mréfitg ievghumri lxmhusivibletl hi triesbisiýe flh hifg imtivg fl hi
rlhimiýe jurífimi gjhinimigeih. Qlr eúblrg 966< itlb <.
Mirimtlrls.- Lh mgetritg fl mlsiýe ls?
(9) Mgeslesuih (irt. 9960, Mýf. Miv.), dijifi muleti qul hi letrlni flh títuhg
qul prlvé hi pirtl aieih flh irtímuhg 96=6 flh Mýfing Mivih (mgem. irt. 96<>) ls
sýhg uei mgeslmulemii fl hi mlsiýe, y eg ue rlquisitg fl su laimimii (vlr
irt. 961>, Mýf.
Miv., irn. arisl ‘ieflplefiletlbletl fl hi letrlni flh títuhg‒).
(:) \eihitlrih g jihitlrih, slnúe lh mlsigeirig isubi g eg ihnuei gjhinimiýe arletl
ih mlfletl. Ls isí ueihitlrih hi mlsiýe nrituiti (mlsiýe ‘fgeimiýe‒, irt. 96=>,
Mýf. Miv.; mgem. irt. :9<>), y sge jihitlrihls his mlsigels dlmdis pgr ue prlmig
(mlsiýe ‘mgbprivleti‒ irt. 96=<, Mýf. Miv.; mgem. irt. :9<4), g le mibjig
pg r gtrg jile (mlsiýe ‘plrbuti‒, irt. 96=1, Mýf. Miv.; mgem. irt. :9<1). Muiefg
hgs jihitlrihls, sge tibjiée gelrgsis; le mgetririg, rlsuhtie nrituitis.
(=) Mgebutitivg, mge ieflpleflemii flh mirémtlr mgebutitivg g ihlitgrig flh mréfitg
triesbitifg, puls
flh imrllfgr, sie lh mlsigeirig
flpleflr gjtilel su gjjltg, qul ls hi ievlstifuri
fl éhli ihnuei.
(6) Agrbih eg sghlbel, g eg agrbih, slnúe hgs misgs (eúb. 9=4< y snts.)‒.:
mir, mgetrimtuihbletl, blfiietl imtg jurífimg, sieg tibjiée pgr fispgsimiýe fl hi hly. Pgr su nlelrihifif y su ibphituf sl lemule
 Vibjiée D. Nustivg Pihimig?

Egs fiml qul? ‘Hi mlsiýe ls ue imtg jurífimg mlhljrifg letrl lh mlfletl y
lh mlsigeirig, letrl quilels diml surnir rlhimigels rlmíprgmis? piri lh
mlfletl mgestituyl ue flrlmdg y piri lh mlsigeirig uei gjhinimiýe y tibjiée
ih mgetririg. Fletrg flh Irt. 9:01 eg sýhg mijl ue flrlmdg fl mréfitg, sieg
tgfg gtrg flrlmdg plrsgeih. Lh mlfletl sghibletl mlfl lh flrlmdg i lxinir
hi prlstimiýe; hg muih,
:
IHVLZCEC, Itilig Ieíjal, IBLIH, Gscar Ogsé y HÝPL_ MIJIEI, Zgjlrtg B. ‘Flrlcdg fl Gjlinacigels Mivills
y Mgblrcialls‒ Lfitgrial Ijlllfg-Plrrgt. Julegs Iirls? Irnletiea. 9° lficiýe. 9331. Pán. <<0 y <<:.
= PIHIMCG PCBLEVLH, D. Nustavg. ‘Has Gjlinacigels le ll Flrlcdg Mivil plruaeg‒. Lfitgrial Duallana. Hiba?
Plrú. 6° lficiýe. :00:. Pán. 931.

slnúe hi Lxpgsimiýe fl Bgtivgs, lsté fl imulrfg mge hi eiturihlzi
jurífimi flh imtg fl fispgsimiýe. Lh mlfletl eg sl gjhini i triesalrir hi
prlstimiýe i mirng flh flufgr‒.6
 Piri Alhipl Gstlrhien
hlml qul, pgr hi mlsiýe, lh mlfletl eg sl gjhini i triesalrir hi

rng fl su flufgr. Lh mlfl, sibphlbletl, lh flrlmdg i lxinir hi prlstimiýe; hg qul lsté fl imulrfg mge hi eiturihlzi jurífimi fl
 Piri Alhipl Gstlrhien y Birig Mistihhg?
‘Lh imtg fl mlsiýe eg vi i sineiaimir, fl bgfg ihnueg, hi bgfiaimimiýe g

lxtiemiýe fl hi gjhinimiýe; lsti vi i slnuir silefg hi bisbi qul aul
mlhljrifi letrl lh flufgr y lh imrllfgr grinieih. ]lré hi bisbi gjhinimiýe, hi
bisbi prlstimiýe, slré lh bisbg flufgr; hg qul vi i gmurrir ls qul hi
plrsgei qul mgestituyl hi pirtl imtivi fl hi rlhimiýe gjhinitgrii. Lstg ls lh
imrllfgr, vi i mlflr su flrlmdg i ue
tlrmlrg qul, pgr mgesinuiletl, sl mgevlrtiré le lh eulvg imrllfgr fl lsi rlhimiýe.
Lsl tlrmlrg, letgemls, vi i gmupir lh hunir flh imrllfgr le hi
rlhimiýe gjhinimigeih; hg vi i sustituir pgr mgbphltg, ujiméefgsl le lh hunir
flh imrllfgr, pufilefg ljlrmlr flsfl lh bgbletg le qul hg sustituyi tgfgs
hgs flrlmdgs qul pgfíi ljlrmitir lh ietinug imrllfgr g lh imrllfgr pribinleig.
Fl lsti agrbi, iuequl le hi mlsiýe fl flrlmdgs tlelbgs,
elmlsiriibletl, hi ietlrvlemiýe fl trls sujltgs, sghg sl mgesiflrie mgbg
pirtl lh imrllfgr y lh tlrmlrg‒. 1
 Piri FCL_-PCMI_G, Huis & N\HHGE, Ietgeig?
Hgs sujltgs fl hi mlsiýe flh mréfitg sge lh mlfletl y lh mlsigeirig. Lh
flufgr mlfifg eg ls pirtl le lh elngmig fl mlsiýe ih eg tlelr qul
bieialstir eienúe
>
mgesletibiletg piri qul sl prgfuzmi. Jisti sýhg lh fl mlfletl y mlsigeirig.‒

Zgjlrtg B?
‘Yuilels sge pirtl le lh mgetritg fl mlsiýe. -Le lh mgetritg fl mlsiýe
fl mréfitg, muyg gjjltg ls prlmisibletl hi triesbisiýe fl ue mréfitg, sge
pirtl? lh imrllfgr pribitivg g mlfletl y lh eulvg imrllfgr g mlsigeirig.
6
PIHIMCG PCBLEVLH, D. Nustavg. ‘Has Gjlinacigels le ll Flrlcdg Mivil plruaeg‒. Lfitgrial Duallana. Hiba?
Plrú. 6° lficiýe. :00:. Pán. 93>.
<
G]VLZHCEN PIZGFC, Allipl. ‘Has Gjlinacigels‒. Lfitgrial Nrijlly. Hiba? Plrú. 4° lficiýe. :00>. Pán. 9:<.
1
G]VLZHCEN PIZGFC, Allipl y MI]VCHHG AZLSZL, Barig. ‘Mgbplefig fl Flrlcdg fl las Gjlinacigels‒.
Lfitgrial Pallstra. Hiba? Plrú. 9° lficiýe. :004. Pán. 69=.
>
lxtracgetractual. Lfitgrial Vlcegs. Bafrif? Lspaña. 1° lficiýe. 933:. Pán. :<>.
Lh flufgr qul plrbielml le hi rlhimiýe gjhinimigeih, g mlfifg, eg ls
pirtl le iqulh mgetritg iuequl ”gjviibletl- hl mgemilrel hi triesbisiýe
bisbi. Qlr eúblrg 9=4>‒.4
9 :
Imrllfgr (Mlfletl ZLHIMCÝE O\ZÍFCMI Flufgr (Mlfifg)

Mlsiýe fl flrlmdgs (Vrisbisiýe flh hifg imtivg)
=
Vlrmlrg (Mlsigeirig)
‘Hi mlsiýe fl flrlmdgs ls hi trisbisiýe qul diml lh mrllfgr (mlfletl) fl su

pgsimiýe imtivi le uei rlhimiýe jurífimi, i aivgr fl ue tlrmlrg (mlsigeirig), iue sie hi
ietlrvlemiýe flh flufgr (mlfifg).3
Irtímuhg 9:0>¿.- Agrbi fl hi mlsiýe.

Zgjlrtg B?
‘Vgfi mlsiýe fljl slr dimdi pgr lsmritg, jijg plei fl euhifif, muihquilri qul
sli lh vihgr flh flrlmdg mlfifg, y iuequl éh eg mgestl fl iestrubletg
pújhimg g privifg (irt. 96<6, Mýf. Miv.).
Fl tih bielri hi rlnhi ls hi agrbi lsmriti. Plrg lsti agrbihifif eg ls sghlbel puls,
iue muiefg sl mirlzmi fl lhhi, mgeagrbl ih irtímuhg 9944 flh Mýfing Mivih, ls
pgsijhl flbiefir lh gtgrnibiletg flh iestrubletg aihtietl‒. 90
4
y Mgblrcialls‒ Lfitgrial Ijlllfg-Plrrgt. Julegs Iirls? Irnletiea. 9° lficiýe. 9331. Pán. <<9.
3
HI ZG]I ZLNIHIFG, Ilfg. ‘Flrlcdg fl las Gjlinacigels‒. ].l. Duacdg? Plrú. 1° lficiýe. :090. Pán. 9=4.

‘I tritirsl fl ue imtg fl ibpgrtiemii eg sghg piri quilels mlhljrie lh mgetritg fl
mlsiýe fl flrlmdgs (imrllfgr g mlfletl y tlrmlrg g mlsigeirig), sieg tibjiée piri uei
plrsgei ijlei i fimdi mgevlemiýe (lh flufgr g mlfifg), lh irtímuhg 9:0>° le su
priblr pérriag lxinl qul fimdg imtg sl mgemilrtl pgr lsmritg, jijg siemiýe fl euhifif,
hg qul lquivihl i flmir qul le lstl misg hi agrbihifif ls if sghlbeititlb?
] l n ú e l h p é r ri a g f l h m i ti f g i r tí m u hg 9 : 0 > °
r l it l ri t iv g i h s l ñ i h i r q ul m ui e f g l h i m tg g
f l h M ý f in M iv ih P l r u i e g f 9 3 46 , l s
l h m ge t ri tg qu l m g e s t it u y l l h tí tu h g f l triesalrlemii
flh flrlmdg mgestisl pgr lsmritg, lstl fgmubletg slrviré fl mgestiemii fl hi
mlsiýe‒.99
‘Fl imulrfg mge lh sistlbi flh títuhg y flh bgfg ifiptifg i eulstrg grfleibiletg
jurífimg, piri hi triesalrlemii fl tituhirifif fl ue mréfitg sl rlquilrl fl fgs imulrfgs fl
vghuetifls? ueg fl lhhgs imrllfgr fl uei gjhinimiýe fl triesalrir y lh gtrg lh
imulrfg trishitivg‒9:
‘Hi mlsiýe fljl mgestir pgr lsmritg jijg siemiýe fl euhifif muiefg lh imtg g mgetritg
qul mgestituyl lh títuhg fl hi triesalrlemii flh flrlmdg mgestl pgr lsmritg. Lstl
fgmubletg sirvl fl mgestiemii fl hi mlsiýe. Eulstri hly mivih mgesiflri hi mlsiýe fl
flrlmdg mgbg ue imtg sghlbel. Lh iemisg 1 flh irtímuhg :93° prlsmrijl qul lh
imtg jurífimg ls euhg
pmpugiferéf gf lebg grsltvriisrtsil hirl amgurbrilie pfrgl sim rpitriu ljjiijg

ssuipehlmtigýreii f. lL he sulhifniufe.f gH ip élrxriisatgl efmliih bf lhe imimgtegi
efg irtímuhg 9:0>° fiml qul lh fgmubletg rlsplmtivg pulfl utihizirsl mgbg
prulji fl dijlrsl gplrifg hi mlsiýe fl flrlmdgs‒. 9=
IZVÍM\HG 9:04¿.- Mlsiýe fl flrlmdgs.
90
y99 Mgblrcialls‒ Lfitgrial Ijlllfg-Plrrgt. Julegs Iirls? Irnletiea. 9° lficiýe. 9331. Pán. <<=.
Lfitgrial Pallstra. Hiba? Plrú. 9° lficiýe. :004. Pán. 691.
9:
JIZMDC QLHIGMDINI, Huciaeg. ‘Mýfing Mivil cgbletafg pgr lgs cile bljgrls lsplcialistas‒. Vgbg QC.
Gjlinacigels. Naclta Ourífica. Hiba? Plrú. 9° lficiýe. :006. Pán. =1=.
9= PIHIMCG PCBLEVLH, D. Nustavg. ‘Has Gjlinacigels le ll Flrlcdg Mivil plruaeg‒. Lfitgrial Duallana. Hiba?
Plrú. 6° lficiýe. :00:. Pán. 934.

BIVLZCI FL MGEVZGQLZ]CI O\FCMCIH.
P\LFL MLFLZ]L FLZLMDG]

Y\L ]LIE?
BIVLZCI FL MGEVZGQLZ]CI
IZJCVZIH.
BIVLZCI FL MGEVZGQLZ]CI IFBCEC]VZIVCQI.
 Piri FCL_-PCMI_G, Huis & N\HHGE, Ietgeig
Mlsiýe fl mréfitgs hitinigsgs.- Iue muiefg, pgr hg nlelrih, lh mréfitg

mlfifg fljl slr ue mréfitg lxistletl y hlnítibg, sl ifbitl hi mlsiýe fl ue mréfitg
hitinigsg.
]lnúe lh pérriag
lh bgbletg le qul :° flh irtímuhg
di sifg 9.<=<,
mgetlstifi lh mréfitg
hi flbiefi sl tilel
rlhitivi pgr hitinigsg flsfl
ih bisbg.
Le hi mlsiýe fl mréfitg hitinigsg sl mgemlfl ih flufgr mlfifg hi aimuhtif fl hijlrirsl fl
hi flufi, piniefg eg su ibpgrtl egbieih, sieg lh prlmig sitisalmdg pgr lh
mlsigeirig (irt. 9.<=<). Ls hhibifg trifimigeihbletl rltrimtg fl mréfitg hitinigsg,
iestrubletiefg piri humdir mgetri hgs lsplmuhifgrls fl mréfitgs, qul
imgstubjrie ifquirirhgs i jijg prlmig piri humrirsl i mgsti flh flufgr‒. 96
‘Lh irtímuhg 9:04° sl rlailrl i hi triesalrlemii fl mréfitgs hitingsgs y nuirfi rlhimiýe
mge lh irtímuhg 9603° flh Mýfing Mivih, qul lstijhlml qul hi prlstimiýe bitlrii
fl hi gjhinimiýe mrlifi pgr lh mgetritg pulfl vlrsir sgjrl jilels sujltgs i hitinigs. ]i
jile eg lstijhlml fl bielri lxprlsi, lh mlfletl tilel lh fljlr fl ieagrbir ih
mlsigeirig, ietls fl mlhljrir lh títuhg, imlrmi flh mirémtlr hitinigsg flh mréfitg
fljlr prlmgetrimtuih fl hi
mimegagertrbiitgm iýy ef),l fhgls titéh rbiieeglsr if lqh ubl islbh gm.ls]igi elih
rmigl spiguelifriig tlgsb iiera ghirb filfmgis fiýle hif lm gmelthrlgjvrlirs ilih,
silefg ésti jufimiih, sl prgfumiré uei sumlsiýe prgmlsih mgeagrbl ih irtímuhg
904° flh Mýfing Prgmlsih Mivih. Isí, lh mlsigeirig sumlfl le lh prgmlsg ih
mlfletl. Fl dijlr gpgsimiýe, lh mlfletl sl bietilel le lh prgmlsg mgbg hitismgesgrtl
fl su sumlsgr.
]gbgs fl hi gpieiýe qul, le tih sletifg, lh flufgr mlfifg tlefré flrlmdg i sustituirsl
ih mgbprifgr (mlsigeirig). Lh rltriyletl (flufgr mlfifg) piniré ih mgbprifgr lh prlmig
qul piný pgr lh mréfitg (rlmuérflsl qul lh prlmig pinifg eg mgiemifl mge lh vihgr
egbieih flh
96
rllaciýe gjlinatgria, cgetratgs le lsplcial, cuasi cgetratgs, leriqulcibiletg sie causa

rlspgesajilifaf lxtracgetractual. Lfitgrial Vlcegs. Bafrif? Lspaña. 1° lficiýe. 933:. Pán. :19.
mréfitg). ]l prgfumiré letgemls hi mgesghifimiýe y, pgr tietg, hi lxtiemiýe fl hi
rlhimiýe gjhinitgrii (irtímuhg 9=00°)‒.9<
‘Eulstrg Mýfing Mivih prlsmrijl qul sl plrbitl hi mlsiýe fl flrlmdgs qul slie fl
bitlrii fl mgetrgvlrsii jufimiih. Irjitrih g ifbieistritivi. Hi mlsiýe sl diml le lh
lstifg le qul sl lemuletrl lh mgrrlspgefiletl prgmlsg. Lh mlsigeirig sl sustituyl
ih mlfletl le tih agrbi qul flpleflré flh rlsuhtifg aivgrijhl g flsaivgrijhl. Lh
mlsigeirig di fl qulfir le inuih situimiýe jurífimi qul hi qul dujilri qulfifg lh
mlfletl sieg dujilri mlfifg su
flrlmdg‒.91
‘Hi mlsiýe fl ihnúe flrlmdg sgjrl lh qul lxisti mgetrgvlrsii plefiletl pulfl
nlelrirsl pgr fivlrsgs bgtivgs. \eg fl lhhgs pgfríi slr hi vghuetif flh imrllfgr
mlfletl flhijlrirsl fl hi rlhimiýe gjhinimigeih y flh slnuibiletg y suplrvisiýe flh
trébitl le lh qul sl vletihi fimdi mgetrgvlrsii. Plrg lh bgtivg bés ibpgrtietl pgfríi
slr lh fl eg lstir i his rlsuhtis fl ue prgmlsg qul pulfl slr lxitgsg g eg.
Le lh misg fl uei mlsiýe fl flrlmdgs hitinigsgs, sghg sl rlqulriríi pgelr le
mgegmibiletg flh Oulz hi mlsiýe, hi qul fljlré slr mgbueimifi g egtiaimifi i hi gtri
pirtl, si lsti eg di bieialstifg prlviibletl su isletibiletg. Hgs bisbgs
priemipigs sl iphimirée piri hi mlsiýe fl flrlmdgs le ue prgmlsg irjitrih g
>
ifbieistritivg‒.9
‘·Muéefg ls hitinigsg ue mréfitg7 Lh irtímuhg 9<=<° flh Mýfing Mivih lspiñgh slñihi qul
puperl mmisréifbitgs elgs sghitirngisg,s fgl sfls fqlu lq fulj iýs ld imglerstls. tFl li
i mhuil rflgb migef Ei ivrlihrirtgiv Pi érilh z,b lihs bmrgé figtg,
sl mgesiflriré hitinigsg biletris lh prgmlsg eg lsté tlrbieifg‒. 94
Irtímuhg 9:03¿.- Mlsiýe flh flrlmdg fl pirtimipimiýe.
‘Lh pitribgeig ls uei ueifif ijstrimti (ueifif jisifi le hi ueifif flh tituhir)
mgbpulsti pgr his tituhirififls fl ue sujltg fl flrlmdg y muyi auemiýe priemipih auemiýe
ls? ]lrvir fl nirietíi piri hgs imrllfgrls… Le tih sletifg, ih triesalrirsl lh flrlmdg i
pirtimipir le ue pitribgeig dlrlfitirig yi miusifg, sl triesailrl, le mgejuetg, tgfis y
mifi uei fl his situimigels jurífimis sujjltivis qul mgbpgele lh pitribgeig dlrlfitirig.
mmLgh bppiutrlibstge isgý hdgl rplgfri tirqigu lshhlirsíi tituehi rsifuijfmlgse

juqeutgl fsgleh ptiritreibsbgeisiigj hlpslrsbggeritihs, ymii uqsiu.lF l stiéh
bielri, qul sl lxmhuyle, pgr ljlbphg, his situimigels jurífimis sujjltivis
flufgris ietuitu plrsgeil‒.93
9<
JIZMDC QLHIGMDINI, Huciaeg. ‘Mýfing Mivil cgbletafg pgr lgs cile bljgrls lsplcialistas‒. Vgbg
QC.
Gjlinacigels. Naclta Ourífica. Hiba? Plrú. 9° lficiýe. :006. Pán. =11.
91
Plrú. 6° lficiýe. :00:. Pán. :09.
9>
Lfitgrial Pallstra. Hiba? Plrú. 9° lficiýe. :004. Pán. 694.
94
JIZMDC QLHIGMDINI, Huciaeg. ‘Mýfing Mivil cgbletafg pgr lgs cile bljgrls lsplcialistas‒. Vgbg QC.
Gjlinacigels. Naclta Ourífica. Hiba? Plrú. 9° lficiýe. :006. Pán. =1>.
93 JIZMDC QLHIGMDINI, Huciaeg. ‘Mýfing Mivil cgbletafg pgr lgs cile bljgrls lsplcialistas‒. V gbg
QC. Gjlinacigels. Naclta Ourífica. Hiba? Plrú. 9° lficiýe. :006. Pán. =13-=>0.
‘Hi triesalrlemii flh flrlmdg i pirtimipir le ue pitribgeig dlrlfitirig yi miusifg.
Lh dlrlflrg pulfl fispgelr?
9) Fl hi tituhirifif fl his situimigels jurífimis sujjltivis mgemrltis qul mgbpgele
lh pitribgeig dlrlfitirig;
:) Fl hi mugti qul le lh bisbg hl mgrrlspgefl pgr dijlr sifg hhibifg mge gtrgssujltgs fl
flrlmdg (misg fl mgbueifif dlrlfitirii); g,
=) Flh pitribgeig dlrlfitirig mgbg ue tgfg, sie leublrir his situimigels jurífimis
sujjltivis fl qul sl mgbpgel.
Zlsplmtg i hi triesalrlemii fl his situimigels jurífimis sujjltivis mgemrltis
qul mgbpgele lh pitribgeig dlrlfitirig egs rlbitibgs i hg vistg ietlrigrbletl.
Iquí ieihizirlbgs hgs supulstgs flsmritgs le hgs ítlbs :) y =).
Fl mgeagrbifif mge lh irtímuhg 9:03° flh Mýfing Mivih. Lsti fispgsimiýe fljl
fistienuirsl fl hi mgetleifi le lh irtímuhg 960<° flh bisbg Mýfing qul
lstijhlml? "Ls euhg tgfg mgetritg sgjrl lh flrlmdg fl sumlflr le hgs jilels fl uei
plrsgei qul eg di bulrtg g muyi bulrtl sl inegri".
Lh flrlmdg i pirtimipir le ue pitribgeig dlrlfitirig yi miusifg. "Si miusifg"
sineiaimi
qul hi iplrturiflhfl"flrlmdg
triesalrlemii hi sumlsiýe yi sl prgfujg
i pirtimipir (irtímuhg 110° flh
fl ue pitribgeig Mýfing).
dlrlfitirig Hi
yi miusifg" supgel
qul lh dlrlflrg
flmifl triesalrir "le mgejuetg" tgfis his tituhirififls fl his situimigels
jurífimis sujjltivis qul hl mgrrlspgefle le lh pitribgeig dlrlfitirig, sie
lsplmiaimir his tituhirififls fl his qul sl mgbpgel.
Ngbls, ih rlsplmtg, slñihi? "Hi mlsiýe fl hi dlrlemii tilel mgbg gjjltg
lh egbledlrlfitiriub, lstg ls, ue pitribgeig sie lsplmiaimimiýe fl hgs jilels y
fl his flufis".
Hi tituhirifif flh pitribgeig dlrlfitirig pulfl triesalrirsl ietls fl hi rleuemii y
supgel qul hi sumlsiýe sl lemuletrl iefivisi.
Hi triesalrlemii fl hi "mugti dlrlfitirii" sl pulfl prgfumir muiefg lxistl uei
mgbueifif dlrlfitirii. Eg gjstietl, fljl tlelrsl prlsletl qul eg fljl mgeauefirsl?
"... hi mlsiýe g leijleimiýe flh flrlmdg fl dlrlemii mge hi leijleimiýe fl hi
mugti pirtl le lh mgefgbieig qul tilel pgr gjjltg hgs jilels qul lrie fl prgpilfif
flh miusietl y qul hgs dlrlflrgs ifquilrle le mgbúe pgr lh bgfg fl ifquirir sumlsiýe
pgr miusi fl bulrtl. Lh flrlmdg fl hi dlrlemii rlmil sgjrl uei ueivlrsihifif jurífimi g
uei pirtl fl lhhi..." :0
‘]l iemhuyl inuihbletl le hi mlsiýe fl flrlmdgs lh flrlmdg i pirtimipir le ue
pitribgeig dlrlfitirig yi imusifg. Yulfiefg lh mlfletl gjhinifg i nirietizir su
mihifif fl dlrlflrg. Mgbg lxprlsi lh eublrih 9:03° sl triti fl hi mlsiýe fl
flrlmdgs dlrlfitirigs. Mgbg imhiri hi lxpgsimiýe fl bgtivgs, sl mlfl lh flrlmdg
eg i hi dlrlemii, sieg i ue pitribgeig dlrlfitirig yi miusifg.
:0 JIZMDC QLHIGMDINI, Huciaeg. ‘Mýfing Mivil cgbletafg pgr lgs cile bljgrls lsplcialistas‒. Vgbg QC.
Gjlinacigels. Naclta Ourífica. Hiba? Plrú. 9° lficiýe. :006. Pán. =>>-=>4.
Lh mlfletl elmlsiriibletl fljl nirietizir su mihifif fl dlrlflrg y lsti ls uei
mulstiýe fl flrlmdg y eg fl dlmdg. ]l imhiri qul eg mijl hi mlsiýe flh flrlmdg i hi
dlrlemii le hi agrbi mgbg iefimi lh irtímuhg 960<° qul fiml ‘Ls euhg tgfg mgetritg
sgjrl lh flrlmdg fl sumlflr le hgs jilels fl uei plrsgei qul eg di bulrtg g muyg
:9
bulrtl sl inegri‒.
‘Piri qul riji his egrbis flh mitifg prlmlptg, jistiré mge lh aihhlmibiletg flh miusietl,
yi qul le virtuf fl hgs fispulstg pgr lh irtímuhg 110° flh Mýfing Mivih, flsfl lh
bgbletg fl hi bulrtl fl uei plrsgei, hgs jilels, flrlmdgs y gjhinimigels qul
mgestituyle hi
dlrlemii sl triesbitle i sus sumlsgrls. Zlpun::eiríi i hgs bés lhlbletihls
priemipigs
étimgs fispgelr fl lvletuihls dlrlemiis auturis‒ .
Irtímuhg 9:90¿.- Celaimimii fl hi mlsiýe.
HI HLS.
HI ML]CÝE EG P\LFL
LALMV\IZ]L HI EIV\ZIHL_I FL HI GJHCNIMCÝE .
M\IEFG IH PIMVG MGE LH FL\FGZ.

]L GPGEL I?
 Piri IHVLZCEC, Itihig Ieíjih, IBLIH, Gsmir Ogsé y HÝPL_ MIJIEI,

Zgjlrtg B? ‘Eg gjstietl hi mlsiýe fl ihnuegs mréfitgs lsté ibplfifi?
9. Muiefg blfii ‘prgdijimiýe lxprlsi g ibphímiti fl hi hly‒ g flh ‘títuhg bisbg

flh
smlré ifpitghim‒ i(i frtim. d9g6 6p6rl imel apietgl,, lMeý fm.u Mieivtg.) ;h il em
uhigsti s sggmmiliifhi lfsl,s l meg pbrliermmiipiihgl,s ie”iphgilre iljjlhlb
(pihrgt.-
<>, hly 93.<<0), eg gjstietl hg muih mijl hi mlsiýe fl mugtis fl
sgmilfifls fl rlspgesijihifif hibitifi y pgr immigels sujlti i his
fispgsimigels flh lstitutg sgmiih (irts. mits.),
:. Muiefg sl triti fl ‘flrlmdgs iedlrletls i his plrsgeis, g qul mgbprlefie
dlmdgs fl inuih eiturihlzi‒ (irt. 966<, Mýf. Miv.),
=. Hgs mréfitgs le nlelrih ‘lblrnletls fl hi rlhimiýe hijgrih‒ (irt. 964, hly :0.>66);
6. Hi ieflbeizimiýe pgr immifletls fl trijijg (irt. 9=, iem. :°, hly :0.>66);
<. Hgs mréfitgs mgetri plrsgeis jurífimis eg sge mlfijhls i sus ifbieistrifgrls‒ (irt.
966:, Mýf. Miv.),
:9
Plrú. 6° lficiýe. :00:. Pán. :09.
:: G]VLZHCEN PIZGFC, Allipl y MI]VCHHG AZLSZL, Barig. ‘Mgbplefig fl Flrlcdg fl las Gjlinacigels‒.
Lfitgrial Pallstra. Hiba? Plrú. 9° lficiýe. :004. Pán. 693

1. Ei hgs sge i hgs ijgnifgs y prgmurifgrls, g i hgs julmls y auemigeirigs
jufimiihls, hgs mgrrlspgefiletls i prgmlsgs le qul ‘ljlrmilsle g dujilsle
ljlrmifg sus gaimigs: (irt. Mit.);
>. Ei sl pulfle mlflr mréfitgs mgetri lh Lstifg i aivgr fl auemigeirigs pújhimgs‒ (irt.
966=, Mýf. Miv.),
4. Ei lh flrlmdg i ihibletgs auturgs‒ (irt. 96<=, Mýf. Miv.), ltmétlri‒.:=
‘Hi mlsiýe eg pulfl lalmtuisl muiefg sl gpgel i hi hly, i hi eiturihlzi fl hi gjhinimiýe

g ih pimtg mge lh flufgr.
Lh pimtg pgr lh qul sl prgdíjl g rlstrienl hi mlsiýe ls gpgeijhl ih mlsigeirig fl julei al.
]i mgesti flh iestrubletg pgr éh sl mgestituyý hi gjhinimiýe g sl prulji qul lh mlsigeirig
hg mgegmíi ih bgbletg fl hi mlsiýe‒:6
‘Le lsti egrbi sl lstijhlml trls supulstgs le hgs muihls hi mlsiýe fl flrlmdgs eg sl lemuletri plrbitifi. Lhhgs sge hgs sinuiletls?
Muiefg sl gpgeni i egrbi hlnih fl mirémtlr ibplritivg g

prgdijitivg.Lstl supulstg eg rlquilrl fl biygr lxphimimiýe.
Muiefg sl gpgeni i hi eiturihlzi fl hi gjhinimiýe. Le lh slnuefg misg eg
sl
pulfl
rlsplmtgmlflr sie lh isletibiletg flh flufgr, hi gjhinimiýe ls ietuitu plrsgeil mge
ih imrllfgr.
Muiefg lxisti pimtg mlhljrifg letrl lh imrllfgr y lh flufgr fl hi gjhinimiýe pgr
lh muih sl prgdíji qul lh imrllfgr mlfi sus flrlmdgs i uei tlrmlri plrsgei,
ijlei i hi rlhimiýe gjhinimigeih‒.:<
Piri lh iutgr lspiñgh sge mréfitgs lstrimtibletl plrsgeihls? ‘Iqulhhgs qul sl

justiaimie,
pgr isí flmirhg, mgbg mgeslmulemii fl uei lsplmiih muihifif fl su tituhir. ]urnl i hi vifi
jurífimi mge hi biri pulsti le ue fltlrbieifg sujltg, prlmisibletl pgrqul lstl pgsll tih
muihifif g sl lemuletri le uei situimiýe lsplmiih, eg mgemijiéefgsl hi sustitumiýe fl
su tituhir le muietg flmilríi g fljiríi tgtihbletl fl sujsistir hi prgpii rizýe
fl su lxistlemii‒ :1
‘Le eulstrg Mýfing Mivih lemgetribgs hgs sinuiletls irtímuhgs qul rlsuhtie plrtieletls?
Irtímuhg 44:°.- Eg sl pulfl lstijhlmlrmgetrimtuihbletl hi prgdijimiýe fl

leijleir g nrivir, sihvg qul hi hly hg plrbiti".
Irtímuhg 3:1°.- His rlstrimmigels fl hi prgpilfif lstijhlmifis pgr pimtg piri qul surtie
lalmtg rlsplmtg i tlrmlrgs, fljle iesmrijirsl le lh rlnistrg rlsplmtivg".
:=
y:6 Mgblrcialls‒ Lfitgrial Ijlllfg-Plrrgt. Julegs Iirls? Irnletiea. 9° lficiýe. 9331. Pán. <<:-<<=.
Plrú. 6° lficiýe. :00:. Pán. :0:-:0=.
:<
Lfitgrial Pallstra. Hiba? Plrú. 9° lficiýe. :004. Pán. 6:0-6:9.
:1 JIZMDC QLHIGMDINI, Huciaeg. ‘Mýfing Mivil cgbletafg pgr lgs cile bljgrls lsplcialistas‒. Vgbg
QC.
Biletris qul lh irtímuhg 44:° flh Mýfing sl rlailrl i hi privimiýe tgtih fl hi mipimifif
g aimuhtif fl fispgsimiýe lstijhlmifi "mgetrimtuihbletl", lh irtímuhg 3:1° flh
Mýfing sl rlailrl i hi privimiýe pirmiih.
Lh irtímuhg 44:° flh Mýfing mgesinri lh priemipig fl hijlrtif fl tréaimg prgpig fl
ue sistlbi hijlrih y prltlefl lvitir qul hgs jilels slie sustriífgs flh mgblrmig. Lh
dlmdg fl lxmhuir flh blrmifg ue jile ibphimi uei rlstrimmiýe ih priemipig fl hi hijrl
triesbisijihifif, ibpifilefg hi elmlsirii mirmuhimiýe fl hi riqulzi‒.
Le lh bisbg sletifg Fílz-Pimizg lxphimi? "...Cis prgdijimigels fl fispgelr
sineiaimie rlstrimmigels y trijis i hi hijlrtif fl mgblrmig y lh tréaimg fl hgs
jilels, mgsi qul le eulstrg sistlbi sl mgesiflri mgbg ihng lmgeýbimibletl
vletijgsg, sl mgesiflri jlelaimigsg qul hgs jilels le nlelrih, y le lsplmiih, hi
tilrri,pulfie mibjiir aieihbletl fl biegs:>
Irtímuhg 9:99¿.- Ébjitg fl hi mlsiýe.
 Piri FCL_-PCMI_G, Huis & N\HHGE, Ietgeig? ‘Lh gjjltg fl hi mlsiýe ls

tgfg mréfitg qul sli triesbisijhl. Fl mgeagrbifif mge lh irtímuhg 9.99:, hi rlnhi
nlelrih ls hi mlfijihifif fl hgs mréfitgs, lxmlptg muiefg hi hly (mar. irt.9<9)
g his pirtls
fispusilrge hg mgetririg. Le lstl úhtibg supulstg lxistiré uei iemlfijihifif
mgevlemigeih, qul slré gpgeijhl pgr lh flufgr mlfifg ih mlsigeirig, silbprl qul
éstl hi mgegmilsl, le gtris pihijris, qul aulsl fl bihi al, muyi prulji
mgrrlspgeflré i iqulhflufgr.
Pgr gtri pirtl, slnúe lh irtímuhg 9.<:3, hi vleti g mlsiýe fl ue mréfitg mgbprlefl hi
fl tgfgs sus immlsgrigs, mgbg hi aiiezi, dipgtlmi, prlefi g privihlnig,
leublrimiýe blribletl ljlbphiaimitivi. Iflbés, eg fl mirémtlr ibplritivg. His pirtls
pulfle lxmhuir fl hi mlsiýe ihnuei nirietíi g his prlstimigels immlsgriis.
Letgemls, ih slr iquéhhis immlsgriis fl ue mréfitg fl tih bgfg qul sie lh bisbg eg
pulfle lxistir, flsipirlmle.
Isí, pgr ljlbphg, hi eg triesbisiýe fl hi dipgtlmi lxtienul hi bisbi‒. :4
‘Lh priblr pérriag fl lsti egrbi slñihi hgs lhlbletgs mgbprlefifgs fletrg fl hi mlsiýe
fl flrlmdgs, sihvg qul sl pimtl le mgetririg. Éstgs sge hgs sinuiletls?
i. Hgs privihlnigs? letlefiéefgsl mgbg tihls his ýrflels fl prlhimiýe piri lh
mgjrg fl uei flufi g piri hi ljlmumiýe fl ihnuei nirietíi.
j. His nirietíis rlihls? prlefi, ietimrlsis, dipgtlmi g, fl slr lh misg, nirietíi
bgjihiirii.
m. His nirietíis plrsgeihls? aiiezis g, fl slr lh misg, nirietíi bgjihiirii.
f. Hgs flrlmdgs immlsgrigs flh flrlmdg mlfifg? g sli, tgfgs iquéhhgs qul
sl dujilsle mgestituifg ih ibpirg fl iqulh flrlmdg.
:>
QC.
:4
lxtracgetractual. Lfitgrial Vlcegs. Bafrif? Lspaña. 1° lficiýe. 933:. Pán. :<>-:<4.
Piri lh misg le qul lh flrlmdg mlfifg lstuvilsl nirietizifg pgr uei prlefi fl
imulrfg mge lh supulstg flh slnuefg pérriag flh irtímuhg 9:99°, pgfríibgs
flfumir trls pgsijihififls?
i. Yul lh jile fifg mgbg nirietíi pinegritimii sl lemuletrl le pgflr
flh imrllfgr, misg le lh muih éstl fljlré letrlnirhg ih tlrmlrg-mlsigeirig.
j. Yul lh jile fifg mgbg nirietíi pinegritimii sl lemuletrl le pgflr fl
uei plrsgei fistieti flh imrllfgr y flh tlrmlrg-mlsigeirig, g sli, qul sl
lemuletrl
le pgflr fl gtrg tlrmlrg, misg le lh muih lh tlrmlrg eg fljlré letrlnirhg
ih mlsigeirig, sieg qul plrbielmlré mgbg tlelfgr flh bisbg.
m. Yul lh jile fifg mgbg nirietíipinegritimii sl lemuletrl le pgflr
flh tlrmlrg- mlsigeirig, misg le lh muih tibpgmg dijré elmlsifif fl letrlni
ihnuei, puls hg vlefríi pgslylefg justibletl quile hg rlquilrl piri
islnurirsl lh mubphibiletg fl hi gjhinimiýe flh flufgr-mlfifg‒.:3
‘Ih rlsplmtg, lh slnuefg pérriag flh irtímuhg 9:99° flh Mýfing lstijhlml hi gjhinimiýe
flh mlfletl fl letrlnir hi mgsi fifi le prlefi, sihvg qul hi mgsi lstuvilri le pgflr
fl ue tlrmlrg, le muyg misg éstl mgetieuiré mgbg flpgsitirig.
Le eulstrg grfleibiletg jurífimg rlsuhti fl iphimimiýe lh irtímuhg 43:° flh Mýfing,
qul lstijhlml qul hgs arutgs mivihls plrtlelmle ih tituhir flh flrlmdg.
sLsieh vtgi h psilmetgif fgi,s htgiest gie, tlirh lmslfsl qeut l, slle fhil vbllefniuflie l
dei sqtuil l dh ibsgtib lseltg bfglb hil meltgs ilýse lphl rtitluehilrm lfel,h
=0
mréfitg. Flsfl hi mlsiýe plrtlelmle ih mlsigeirig‒.
‘Fl imulrfg mge lh rlmurrletl, lh irtímuhg 9:99° flh Mýfing Mivih, rlalrletl i hi mlsiýe
fl flrlmdgs, mgbprlefl his nirietíis rlihls g plrsgeihls flh gjhinifg i mubphir lh
flrlmdg mlfifg, ls flmir his nirietíis, y eg iqulhhis gtgrnifis pgr tlrmlrgs, hg
qul qulfiji imhirifg mge hg prlsupulstifg le lh irtímuhg 96=3° flh Mýfing Mivih
qul prlvé qul his nirietíis mgestituifis pgr tlrmlris plrsgeis eg pisie ih mlsigeirig,
sie hi iutgrizimiýe fl iqulhhis; egrbi qul mgrrlspgefíi i hi mlsiýe fl flrlmdgs, plrg
qul slnúe lh rlmurrletl fljíi slr iphimifi ietl lh vimíg sgjrl hi rlnuhimiýe fl
his nirietíis gtgrnifis pgr tlrmlrgs le hi mlsiýe fl flrlmdgs.
]lnúe hi Mgrtl ]uprlbi, lstg sl lemgetriríi justiaimimiýe qul hg qul lsté le julng
sghg sge hgs flrlmdgs flh imrllfgr, qulfiefg ietienijhls hgs fljlrls flh flufgr,
muyg isletibiletg i hi mlsiýe eg rlquilrl, pgr hg muih his nirietíis gtgrnifis
piri lh =9
mubphibiletg fl lstgs fljlrls tibpgmg fljle slr bgfiaimifis‒
‘Lh lrrgr fl eulstrg Mýfing le lsti bitlrii, ipirtl fl gtrgs qul eg sge flh
misg, ls rlnuhir hi mlsiýe mgbg ue ipéefiml fl hi fismiphiei egrbitivi fl hi
mgbprivleti lxmhusivibletl (irt. 9.<:1 y sinuiletls), silefg isí qul, slnúe su
miusi justiaimitivi, dijrée fl letrir le auemiýe his egrbis jurífimis rlhitivis i ésti. Pgr
ljlbphg, si lh mréfitg sl triesbitl pgrqul sl fgei ih mlsigeirig, hgs rlquisitgs fl
mipimifif y fl agrbi
:3
Lfitgrial Pallstra. Hiba? Plrú. 9° lficiýe. :004. Pán. 6::.
=0
QC.
Gjlinacigels. Naclta Ourífica. Hiba? Plrú. 9° lficiýe. :006. Pán. 600.
=9 ‘Masuística fl Ourispruflecia Mivil‒. Fiálgng cge la Ourispruflecia. Naclta Ourífica. Hiba? Plrú. 9° lficiýe.
:099. Pán. :31-:3>.

ibpulstgs piri his fgeimigels; si ls pgr mgbprivleti, his prgdijimigels piri mgbprir flh
irtímuhg 9.6<3, ltm.
Hi egrbitivi fl hi mlsiýe fl mréfitg ls iphimijhl i hi triesbisiýe fl flrlmdgs y

immigels (irt. 9.<:1. Qif hi rújrimi flh mipítuhg fgefl sl lemuifrie hgs irtímuhgs 9.<:1-
=:
9.<=1).‒
Irtímuhg 9:9:¿.- Nirietíi flh flrlmdg mlfifg.
Piri FCL_-PCMI_G, Huis & N\HHGE, Ietgeig? ‘]lnúe lh irtímuhg 9.<:3, lh vleflfgr fl
julei al rlspgefl fl hi lxistlemii y hlnitibifif flh mréfitg ih tilbpg fl hi vleti.
Ls fufgsg lh sineiaimifg fl hi nirietíi pgr hi hlnitibifif flh mréfitg. \e slmtgr
fgmtrieih gpiei qul lh hlnishifgr sl rlailrl i qul lh mréfitg diyi sifg mgestituifg
véhifibletl, qul sli ue títuhg hlnih fl gjhinimiýe, le gtris pihijris, qul eg
ifghlzmi fl vimigs qul hg pulfie flstruir (pgr ljlbphg? lh títuhg fl fgefl eimiý ls
ieuhifg, g ls rlsmiefifg). Gtrgs iutgrls mrlle qul hi hlnitibifif isí letlefifi sl
mgeauefl mge hi nirietíi pgr hi lxistlemii, y mgemrltie iquéhhi le qul lh mréfitg
plrtlelzmi ih mlfletl, y qul éstl tleni aimuhtifls fl trisbitirhg hijrlbletl.
tHtéim enimigri. eHtiíi m gpegmru rhirl elmxiis tflle miiu iyhq uhlilnriitib filf ilfs
tifsl hf gmsré mfiritmgu esgti lesm iiuse dii rnéi rqiuelt íil h ellen sglmeigt ifgl
mlsiýe sli euhg pgr aihti fl ue prlsupulstg gjjltivg.
Hi rlspgesijihifif flh mlfletl mlsi muiefg lh mréfitg sl diy vlefifg mgbg fufgsg,
ls flmir, muiefg lh mlsigeirig diyi sifg ifvlrtifg fl hgs rilsngs qul pgfíi
mgrrlr hi lxistlemii y hlnitibifif flh mréfitg.
Lh rénible hlnih sgjrl hi rlspgesijihifif pgr lxistlemii y hlnitibifif flh mréfitg
ls iflmuifg muiefg hi mlsiýe tilel uei miusi gelrgsi, plrg eg muiefg ls nrituiti. Le
lstl úhtibg misg, iphimiefg lh priemipig sgjrl lh qul sl jisi lh irtímuhg 1=4, lh
mlfletl eg rlspgeflré fl eifi ei lh mlsigeirig eifi pgfré prltleflr pgrqul
eifi di letrlnifg, sihvg slnuribletl si lh mlfletl ls fl bihi al y i mgeslmulemii
fl hi mlsiýe sl hl die irrgnifg plrjuimigs ih mlsigeirig fistietgs fl hgs prgpigs y
lsplmíaimgs fl hi aihti fl rlihizimiýe flh mréfitg (pgr ljlbphg? lh mlsigeirig di
pinifg hgs nistgs fl hi lsmrituri
pújhimi fl hi mlsiýe)‒. ==
Piri IHVLZCEC, Itihig Ieíjih, IBLIH, Gsmir Ogsé y HÝPL_ MIJIEI, Zgjlrtg B?
‘Lh mlfletl nirietizi ih mlsigeirig pgr lvimmiýe (irt. :03>, Mýf. Miv.) sýhg le lh misg le
qul hi mlsiýe ls gelrgsi (eg nrituiti) (irt. 9646, Mýf. Miv.; mgem. irts. :043, :9<> y
:96< y sins.), le lstgs ihmiemls?
(9) Lxistlemii y hlnitibifif flh mréfitg? ‘lh mlfletl fl julei al rlspgefl fl hi
lxistlemii, y hlnitibifif flh mréfitg ih tilbpg fl hi mlsiýe, i eg slr qul hg diyi
=:
rlspgesajilifaf lxtracgetractual. Lfitgrial Vlcegs. Bafrif? Lspaña. 1° lficiýe. 933:. Pán. :<>.
==
rlspgesajilifaf lxtracgetractual. Lfitgrial Vlcegs. Bafrif? Lspaña. 1° lficiýe. 933:. Pán. :<4-:<3.
mlfifg mgbg fufgsg‒ (irt. 96>1, Mýf. Miv.); ‘si lh mréfitg eg lxistíi ih tilbpg fl
hi mlsiýe, lh mlsigeirig tlefré flrlmdg i hi rlstitumiýe flh prlmig pinifg,
mge ieflbeizimiýe fl pérfifis l ietlrlsls, bis eg tlefré flrlmdg piri
lxinir hi fialrlemii letrl lh vihgr egbieih flh mréfitg mlfifg, y lh prlmig fl
hi mlsiýe‒ (irt. 96>>, Mýf. Miv.). Hi ieflbeizimiýe lsté rlnifi pgr lh irtímuhg :
994 y sinuiletls flh Mýfing Mivih (MGEM. IZV]. :9<1 S :9<4)‒. =6
‘Lh prlmlptg rlnuhi fgs prlmlptgs?
i. Hi nirietíi fl hi lxistlemii fl hi gjhinimiýe, g sli, qul hi gjhinimiýe qul

sl lsté mlfilefg rlihbletl diyi surnifg piri lh Flrlmdg le ue
fltlrbieifg bgbletg, y qul eg sl lemuletrl lxtienuifi pgr muihquilri fl his
agrbis prlvistis pgr hi hly.
]i lh imrllfgr nirietizi qul lh mréfitg lxistl, lsté nirietiziefg qul eg sl triti
fl uei gjhinimiýe euhi; qul eg sl tritl fl uei gjhinimiýe yi pinifi,
puls lhhg supgefríi qul sl lxtienuiý; y qul eg sl tritl fl uei gjhinimiýe
qul diyi mifumifg, pgrqul si ihng mifumi, mifumi lh flrlmdg y eg sýhg hi
prltlesiýe.
j. Hi nirietíi fl hi lxinijihifif flh flrlmdg mlfifg, letlefifi lsti lxinijihifif

eg mgbg lh mgjrg, lalmtivg fl hi prlstimiýe, sieg mgbg hi pgsijihifif hlnih fl
lxinir su
m u b p h i b il e t g ( ie f l p l e f i e tl b l e tl fl
p p g sij i h i fi f hl n i h l s té rl a lr if i , mg e m rl t i
si hi l x i n ij ih if i f t l e n i é x i tg g e g ). L
b l e tl , i h d l m d g f l q u l h i p rl s m r ip m i ý e
s ti
e g diyi prlsmritg, puls fl dijlr gmurrifg lstg, sibphlbletl fljiríi fl slr
lxinijhl. Lsti nirietíi sl rlfuml i qul pulfi flbgstrirsl hi lxistlemii fl hi
gjhinimiýe y qul su mubphibiletg sli pgsijhl.‒=<
‘Hi gjhinitgrilfif flh prlmlptg lsté rlalrifi i hi lxistlemii flh flrlmdg qul sl mlfl y
i su hlnitibifif. Fl lstl bgfg, sl nirietizi ih mlsigeirig hi ifquisimiýe fl ue
flrlmdg vinletl y, flsfl hulng, su lxinijihifif. Pgr lhhg, fl eg blfiir pimtg le
mgetririg, lh mlfletl fljl rlspgeflr pgr hi lxtiemiýe flh flrlmdg qul mlfl‒.=1
‘Zlsuhti ibpgrtietl flstimir qul eulstrg Mýfing eg fistienul letrl mlfletl fl julei g
bihi al. Ei tibpgmg lxphimi le qué mgesistl hi rlspgesijihifif.
Zlsplmtg i hi rlspgesijihifif pgr hi lxinijihifif flh mréfitg mlfifg, mijl dimlr
ihnueis prlmisigels.
]i hg qul sl mlfilri aulri ue mréfitg sujltg i ue phizg le jlelaimig flh flufgr
(g fl ibjgs), rlsuhti mhirg qul éstl lstiríi auemigeiefg mgbg ue híbitl i hi
lxinijihifif flh mréfitg (si aulri le jlelaimig fl ibjgs tibjiée auemigeiríi mgbg híbitl i
hi prlstijihifif), lstg sineiaimi qul lhimrllfgr eg pulfl prltleflr flh flufgr hi
ljlmumiýe fl hi prlstimiýe; le gtris pihijris, lh mréfitg ls ielxinijhl disti lh vlemibiletg
flh phizg.
=6
y Mgblrcialls‒ Lfitgrial Ijlllfg-Plrrgt. Julegs Iirls? Irnletiea. 9° lficiýe. 9331. Pán. <<6.
=<
Lfitgrial Pallstra. Hiba? Plrú. 9° lficiýe. :004. Pán. 6:=.
=1
G]VLZHCEN PIZGFC, Allipl. ‘Has Gjlinacigels‒. Lfitgrial Nrijlly. Hiba? Plrú. 4° lficiýe. :00>. Pán. 9=0.
Pgfríi plesirsl qul si sl mlfl ue mréfitg sujltg i phizg (le jlelaimig flh flufgr g
fl ibjis pirtls), lh mlfletl lstiríi gjhinifg i rlspgeflr arletl ih mlsigeirig,
hg muih eg slríi mgrrlmtg, sihvg qul sl dujilsl lstijhlmifg le lh mgetritg qul hg qul sl
mlfíi lri ue mréfitg ieblfiitibletl lxinijhl.
Hi lxinijihifif i hi qul sl rlailrl lh irtímuhg 9:9:° flh Mýfing ls uei fl
mirémtlr flaieitivg, mgbg pgfríi sumlflr le lh misg fl hi prlsmripmiýe.
Zlsplmtg i hi ihlnitibifif
eienuei rlalrlemii lsplmíaimi. flh triesalrletl, tibpgmg eulstrg Mýfing diml
Egsgtrgs mgesiflribgs qul fljle tlelrsl le muleti hgs priemipigs flh sistlbi
fl triesalrlemii fl tituhirififls fl situimigels jurífimis sujjltivis. Le tih sletifg,
fljlbgs mgesiflrir mgbg rlnhi nlelrih lh priemipig flh elbi phus iuris, hg qul
sineiaimi qul eg prgmlfl hi triesalrlemii g mlsiýe fl ue mréfitg ijleg.
Le tih sletifg, fljle fistienuirsl fgs supulstgs?
9. Yul lh mlsigeirig mgegzmi qul lh mlfletl ls lh vlrfiflrg tituhir, le muyg misg
sl iphimiré hg vistg piri lh supulstg fl hi prgpilfif;
:. Yul lh mlsigeirig eg mgegzmi qul lh mlfletl ls lh vlrfiflrg tituhir, le muyg
misg lh mlsigeirig pgfré rlsmiefir lh mgetritg (títuhg) (irtímuhgs 9<=3° y
9<69° flh Mýfing).
Ifviértisl qul lh rilsng fl hi ielxistlemii g fl hi ihlnitibifif pulfl slr itrijuifg

ih
=>
mlsigeirig, plrg le tih misg, lh mlfletl rlspgefl pgr lh dlmdg prgpig‒.
Irtímuhg 9:9=¿.- Nirietíi fl hi sghvlemii.
Piri FCL_-PCMI_G, Huis & N\HHGE, Ietgeig? ‘His rlhimigels letrl mlfletl
y mlsigeirig.- Lh Mýfing Mivih his ijgrfi le hgs irtímuhgs 9.<:3 y 9.<=0,
flfimifgs rlsplmtivibletl, i hi rlspgesijihifif pgr hi lxistlemii y hlnitibifif flh
mréfitg, y i hi nirietíi pgr hi sghvlemii flh flufgr mlfifg‒.=4
‘ L h M ý fi n g M iv ih e g f ai e l h i ie s g hv l e m i i .
9 49 °, f i m d g M ý f in g ls t i j h l m l ? " ] l p r l s
E g g j s t i e tl , l e l h s n u e f g p é r r i a g f l h i rt ím
u b l h i i e sg hv l e m i i f l h f l u f g r s i f l e t r g f l
u hg
hg s quieml fíis fl su lbphizibiletg jufimiih, eg nirietizi hi flufi g eg slñihi
jilels hijrls fl nrivible pgr vihgr suaimiletl piri lh mubphibiletg fl su prlstimiýe.
Lh mlfletl eg isubl hi rlspgesijihifif pgr hi sghvlemii flh flufgr mlfifg. ]
ýhg rlspgeflríi si his pirtls isí hg lstijhlmle lxprlsibletl, le muyg misg, fljl?
9. Zllbjghsir hg rlmijifg mgbg mgetriprlstimiýe (pgr ljlbphg? lh prlmig, si lh
títuhg ls uei mgbprivleti);
=>
QC. Gjlinacigels. Naclta Ourífica. Hiba? Plrú. 9° lficiýe. :006. Pán. 699-69:.
=4
lxtracgetractual. Lfitgrial Vlcegs. Bafrif? Lspaña. 1° lficiýe. 933:. Pán. :<4.
:. Lh ping fl hgs ietlrlsls; y,
=. Lh rllbjghsg fl hgs nistgs fl hi mlsiýe y fl hgs qul lh mlsigeirig diyi rlihizifg
piri ljlmutir ih flufgr.
Fljl ifvlrtirsl qul lh mlfletl, muiefg isubl lh rilsng fl hi iesghvlemii,
sýhgrlspgefl fletrg fl hgs híbitls fl muietg di rlmijifg; le gtris pihijris, qul
eg isubl uei rlspgesijihifif pgr lh vihgr egbieih flh mréfitg‒. =3
‘Ih nirietizir hi sghvlemii flh flufgr, lh imrllfgr lsté nirietiziefg qul lh pitribgeig f l
éstl ls hg suaimiletlbletl sýhifg mgbg piri rlspgeflr arletl i lsi gjhinimiýe.
Idgri jile, rlsuhti mhirg qul lh imrllfgr mlfletl nirietizi qul lh flufgr ls sghvletl lh
fíi le qul sl mlhljri lh imulrfg fl mlsiýe… Ls lvifletl qul si hi gjhinimiýe eg
vlemil ri lh bisbg fíi le qul sl mlhljri hi mlsiýe, sieg trls blsls flspués, lh
imrllfgr mlfletl eg sýhg tlefríi qul nirietizir hi sghvlemii lh fíi fl dgy, pgrqul lsg
fl eifi slrviríi ih tlrmlrg mlsigeirig, fl iquí qul pgfríi letleflrsl qul lh phizg sl
prgrrgni disti qul hi gjhinimiýe sli pinifi.
Hg rlmgblefijhl slríi qul sl lstijhlmilri ue phizg, puls, mgbg rlsuhti lvifletl,
slríi tlbirig nirietizir hi sghvlemii fl bielri plrbieletl l ieflaieifi. Fl eg
lstijhlmlr ue phizg, lh imrllfgr mlfletl viviré le mgestietl iemlrtifubjrl. Ls mhirg, le
misg mgetririg, qul his gjhinimigels blemigeifis sujsistirée i aihti fl pimtg le
mgetririg, plrg qul
mmmlgfeltreitmltu yi hm‒.l6s0 igeirig silbprl bietlefrée hi bés ibphii hijlrtif piri
bgflhir su rlhimiýe
Irtímuhg 9:96¿.- Mlsiýe hlnih.
M\IEFG LH ML]CÝE GPLZI PGZ BCEC]VLZCG

FL HI HLS, LH MLFLEVL EG ZL]PGEFL?
FL ]\ ZLIHCFIF.
EC FL HI ]GHQLEMCI FLH FL\FGZ.
‘Fl imulrfg i hg prlvistg le lsti egrbi, si hi mlsiýe surnilsl, eg pgr vghuetif flh
mlfletl, sieg pgr biefitg hlnih, fimdg mlfletl eg rlspgeflríi fl su rlihifif
(térbieg
=3
QC.
Gjlinacigels. Naclta Ourífica. Hiba? Plrú. 9° lficiýe. :006. Pán. 69=-696.
60 G]VLZHCEN PIZGFC, Allipl y MI]VCHHG AZLSZL, Barig. ‘Mgbplefig fl Flrlcdg fl las Gjlinacigels‒.
Lfitgrial Pallstra. Hiba? Plrú. 9° lficiýe. :004. Pán. 6:<.

fletrg flh muih lh Mýfing Mivih mgbprlefl i hi lxistlemii fl hi gjhinimiýe y i
hi lxinijihifif fl hi bisbi), ei fl hi sghvlemii flh flufgr.
Hi sghumiýe phietlifi pgr lh irtímuhg 9:96°flh Mýfing rlsuhti justi y hýnimi. Lh
supulstg flh mitifg eublrih eg ls iquéh le qul hi mlsiýe fl flrlmdgs gplri bgrtis
miusi, puls iquí lh miusietl, pgr rizgels gjviis, fl eifi rlspgeflríi ietl sus
dlrlflrgs. Hi dipýtlsis prlvisti pgr lh Mýfing sl rlailrl, sie fufi, i uei mlsiýe hlnih
fl flrlmdgs ietlr vivgs.69
‘Mgejuetibletl i hi mlsiýe vghuetirii, lxistle misgs le hgs qul hi triesalrlemii fl
hi
situimiýe jurífimi imtivi fl hi rlhimiýe gjhinitgrii, gplri pgr biefitg fl hly.
]i jile i hi mlsiýe hlnih hl sge iphimijhls pgr ieihgníi bumdis fl his egrbis vistis
piri hi mlsiýe vghuetirii, eg gmurrl hg bisbg rlsplmtg fl his nirietíis le hi
mlsiýe; isí, muiefg sl triti fl uei mlsiýe hlnih, lh mlfletl eg lsté gjhinifg i
nirietizir ei hi lxistlemii ei hi sghvlemii flh flufgr‒.6:
Irtímuhg 9:9<¿.- Bgbletg flsfl qul surtl lalmtg hi mlsiýe.
Piri IHVLZCEC, Itihig Ieíjih, IBLIH, Gsmir Ogsé y HÝPL_ MIJIEI, Zgjlrtg
B?
‘Hi egtiaimimiýe g hi imlptimiýe.- Muiefg lh flufgr ls egtiaimifg fl hi mlsiýe
flh
mréfitg, g hi imlpti, sl prgfuml ‘lh lbjirng flh mréfitg i aivgr flh mlsigeirig‒ (irt. 961>,
Mýf. Miv.).
Pgr hi egtiaimimiýe sl hl mgbueimi ih flufgr ‘hi mgevlemiýe bisbi fl hi mlsiýe, g
hi sustiemii fl lhhi‒ (irt. 9610, Mýf. Miv.). ]u imlptimiýe prgfuml inuih lalmtg;
fljl imhirirsl, lbplrg, qul lsti imlptimiýe sýhg sineiaimi tgbir mgbueimimiýe fl hi
mlsiýe flh mréfitg, plrg fl eienuei bielri ibphimi ”i hi ievlrsi qul le hi
triesbisiýe fl flufis, vlr eúblrg 96=6- qul lh mlfifg lsté fl imulrfg mge fimdi
mlsiýe.
I tihls aiels, mijl inrlnir, eg jisti lh mgegmibiletg iefirlmtg fl hi mlsiýe qul
diyi tleifg lh flufgr (irt. 9619, Mýf. Miv.).
Zlsplmtg fl hgs flbés tlrmlrgs, piri qul hi triesalrlemii flh mréfitg hls sli gpgeijhl
ls blelstlr qul diyi dijifg egtiaimimiýe (irt. 96<3, Mýf. Miv.) dlmdi ‘pgr ue imtg
pújhimg‒ (irt. 961> ie aiel, Mýf. Miv.). Lsti lxprlsiýe ihufl ih iestrubletg pújhimg (irt.
3>3, Mýf. Miv.).
Lh rlquisitg fl hi egtiaimimiýe ih flufgr mlfifg eg rinl le milrtgs misgs fl
mlsiýe fl flrlmdgs qul mgbpgele uei mirtlri fl mréfitgs, ‘silbprl qul
=
lxisti prlvisiýe mgetrimtuih le tih sletifg‒ (irts. >0 y >:. Cem. I, hly :6.669)‒. 6
69
Lfitgrial Pallstra. Hiba? Plrú. 9° lficiýe. :004. Pán. 6:>.
6:
QC.
Gjlinacigels. Naclta Ourífica. Hiba? Plrú. 9° lficiýe. :006. Pán. 6:0.
6=IHVLZCEC, Itilig Ieíjal, IBLIH, Gscar Ogsé y HÝPL_ MIJIEI, Zgjlrtg B. ‘Flrlcdg fl Gjlinacigels Mivills
y Mgblrcialls‒ Lfitgrial Ijlllfg-Plrrgt. Julegs Iirls? Irnletiea. 9° lficiýe. 9331. Pán. <<<.
‘Hi egtiaimimiýe g mgbueimimiýe, sinuilefg hi tlrbieghgníi utihizifi pgr eulstrg Mýfing,
eg rlquilrl uei agrbi prlvisti le hi hly y, silefg uei flmhirimiýe fl vghuetif
rlmlptimii, rlsuhtie fl iphimimiýe ieihýnimi hgs irtímuhgs 9=>=° y 9=>6° flh Mýfing; ls
flmir qul hi mgbueimimiýe sl letleflré, le priemipig, plralmmigeifi, muiefg sli
mgegmifi pgr lh flstieitirig, lxistilefg hi prlsuemiýe fl qul hi mgbueimimiýe sl
mgesiflri mgegmifi le lh bgbletg le qul hhlni i hi firlmmiýe flh flstieitirig‒.66
‘Prlviibletl rlsuhti gpgrtueg rlitlrir qul, fl imulrfg mge eulstrg Mýfing, hi mlsiýe ls
ue mgetritg bgfiaimitgrig letrl lh mlsigeirig y lh mlfletl, le lh muih eg elmlsiti
ietlrvleir lh flufgr mlfifg. Le tih sletifg, hi lxprlsiýe imlptimiýe qul sl utihizi le lh
irtímuhg ietls
triesmritg, eg mgestituyl uei fl his flmhirimigels fl vghuetif qul mgeagrbi
lh mgesletibiletg.
Eg ls puls elmlsirii, piri hi plralmmiýe fl hi mlsiýe, eienuei bieialstimiýe fl
vghuetif fl pirtl flh flufgr mlfifg. Hi mlsiýe surtiré lalmtgs rlsplmtg ih flufgr mlfifg
flsfl qul éstl tgbi mgegmibiletg fl lhhi y, mgbg yi vibgs, éstl pulfl slr gjtleifg
pgr muihquilr blfig, iuequl lh egrbih slré hi mgbueimimiýe g egtiaimimiýe.
Lh mgesletibiletg g hi imlptimiýe flh flufgr mlfifg rlsuhti elmlsirig, i eulstrg juimig,
le fgs supulstgs?
9. Le hi blfifi le qul hi mlsiýe bgfiaiqul hi pgsimiýe flh flufgr puls, mgbg slñihi
mElisviýierr"g( 99P)é; rylz, "hi situimiýe flh flufgr eg pulfl lbplgrirsl

pgr virtuf fl
:. Le lh misg qul letrl lh "sujltg imtivg grinieirig" y lh "sujltg pisivg" lxisti ue
pimtg pgr lh muih sl prgdíjl g rlstrienl hi mlsiýe (pimtg fl ege mlflefg).
Hi mlsiýe, pgr tietg, prgfuml lalmtg rlsplmtg flh flufgr, mlfifg flsfl lh bgbletg
le qul éstl sl ieagrbi fl lhhi (mgegmibiletg firlmtg g iefirlmtg).
\ei vlz qul lh flufgr mlfifg mgegml fl hi mlsiýe pulfl prgmlflr fl hi
sinuiletl bielri?
9. Lh flufgr mlfifg pulfl bgstrir su mgeagrbifif mge hi mlsiýe prgfumifi;
:. Lh flufgr mlfifg pulfl bgstrir su rlmdizg rlsplmtg i hi mlsiýe prgfumifi;
=. Lh flufgr mlfifg pulfl, sibphlbletl, nuirfir sihlemig.
His
flmir,fgs
ueipriblris pgsijihififls
fispgsimiýe fl éeibgsupgele, fl pirtl
bieialstifi flh flufgrrlsplmtg
lxtlrigrbletl mlfifg, uei
fl hiimtituf;
mlsiýels
rlihizifi. Hi
úhtibi, lh sihlemig flh flufgr mlfifg.
Lh sihlemig, fl mgeagrbifif mge lh irtímuhg 96:° flh Mýfing, eg ibpgrti bieialstimiýe fl
<
vghuetif‒. 6
Irtímuhg 9:91¿.- Mubphibiletg fl hi prlstimiýe ietls fl hi mgbueimimiýe fl hi mlsiýe.
66
QC.
Gjlinacigels. Naclta Ourífica. Hiba? Plrú. 9° lficiýe. :006. Pán. 6:=.
6< JIZMDC QLHIGMDINI, Huciaeg. ‘Mýfing Mivil cgbletafg pgr lgs cile bljgrls lsplcialistas‒. Vgbg
QC.
Gjlinacigels. Naclta Ourífica. Hiba? Plrú. 9° lficiýe. :006. Pán. 6:6-6:<.
B? ‘]ituimiýe ietlrigr i hi egtiaimimiýe ih mlfifg g imlptimiýe. - ]ijlbgs
qul hi egtiaimimiýe ih mlfifg g hi imlptimiýe fl éstl, prgvgmi lh lalmtg fl lbjirnir lh
mréfitg i aivgr flh mlsigeirig.
Ietls fl lstl jhgqulg, lh flufgr pulfl dijlrhl pinifg ih mlfletl (irt. 9614, Mýf. Miv.),
g su flufi pulfl dijlrsl lxtienuifg tgtih g pirmiihbletl pgr gtri miusi (irt. 9613,
Mýf.
pMpgivs.t)l, rimgir sgrlsm hlieb ghg sf lmhu imhlsi gheli rmigi j(li rgt.p g9e6l1r3 ,l
sMiýsf .m irMmiuve.)s, timegmeii shi msggbhig lfxlmalepsmiiý ei eft l lhih
mgbplesimiýe (irt. 96>6, Mýf. Miv.; sgjrl lstg vlr eúb, 9643).
Pgr su pirtl, lh mlsigeirig pulfl, letrltietg, primtimir imtgs mgeslrvitgrigs (irt.

96>:,
Mýf. Miv.)‒.61
‘Lh priemipig nlelrih qul sl pulfl flfumir fl lsti egrbi ls qul lh flufgr qul ietls
fl hi mgbueimimiýe g fl hi imlptimiýe mubphl mge hi prlstimiýe rlsplmtg ih
imrllfgr mlfletl, qulfi hijlrifg ietl lh mlsigeirig y, pgr lh mgetririg, eg qulfi
hijlrifg ietl lh mlsigeirig si éstl prulji qul lh flufgr mgegmíi fl hi mlsiýe rlihizifi.
Lsti úhtibi lxmlpmiýe triti fl uei dipýtlsis buy rlbgti. ]lríi lh misg fl ue
flufgr lxmlsivibletl nlelrgsg qul lsté flslgsg fl pinir fgs vlmls. ]ie fufi, sge
buy pgmg
arlmuletls hgs flufgrls fl lsti lsplmil‒. 6>
‘Biletris lh flufgr mlfifg eg tleni mgegmibiletg fl hi triesalrlemii flh mréfitg,

ls lvifletl qul slnuiré mgesiflriefg mgbg su imrllfgr ih mlfletl. Pgr lhhg, lh
irtímuhg 9:91° flh Mýfing qul hg fispgel.
h mlfletl ietls fl hi egtiaimimiýe fl hi mlsiýe, pulfl rlsubirsl le lh sletifg fl qul lh mlfletl sinul silefg lh vlrfiflrg tituhir flh mréfit
Piri egsgtrgs, sl triti fl ue supulstg fl prgtlmmiýe i hi ipirilemii jurífimi. Le

tih
sletifg, ietls qul lh flufgr mlfifg tgbl mgegmibiletg fl hi mlsiýe, lh imrllfgr
grinieih ls, rlsplmtg ih mlfifg, ue "imrllfgr ipirletl". Lh imrllfgr ipirletl ls
iquéh qul
ipirlml mgbg imrllfgr vlrfiflrg, sie slrCg pgr muihquilr miusi.
Le tih sletifg rlsuhti gpgrtueg mitir lh irtímuhg 9::<° flh Mýfing?
"Irtímuhg 9::<°.- Lxtienul hi gjhinimiýe lh ping dlmdg i plrsgei qul lsté le
pgslsiýe flh flrlmdg fl mgjrir, iuequl flspués sl hl quitl hi pgslsiýe g sl
flmhirl qul eg hi tuvg".
61
y Mgblrcialls‒ Lfitgrial Ijlllfg-Plrrgt. Julegs Iirls? Irnletiea. 9° lficiýe. 9331. Pán. <<<.
6> G]VLZHCEN PIZGFC, Allipl y MI]VCHHG AZLSZL, Barig. ‘Mgbplefig fl Flrlcdg fl las Gjlinacigels‒.
Lfitgrial Pallstra. Hiba? Plrú. 9° lficiýe. :004. Pán. 6:3.
Hi pgslsiýe flh flrlmdg fl mgjrir eg sl rlailrl i hi fltletimiýe bitlriih flh
títuhg rlsplmtivg le lh bgbletg flh mgjrg, sl ihufl i iqulhhgs supulstgs le qul
furietl ue milrtg tilbpg ietlrigr ih ping, ihnuile di ngzifg pimíaimi y pújhimibletl fl
hi mihifif fl imrllfgr, mge prlsmieflemii fl qul hg aulsl g eg vlrfiflribletl.
Hi prgtlmmiýe flh flufgr mlfifg, arletl ih imrllfgr ipirletl, prltlefl rlfumir hgs
mgstgs fl triesimmiýe, qul ibphimiríi, i tgfgs hgs flufgrls, tlelr qul ieagrbirsl
si sl di prgfumifg uei mlsiýe.
Hi mirni fl hi prulji qul lh flufgr mlfifg mgegmíi fl hi mlsiýe, mgrrlspgeflré
ih
mlsigeirig, quile fl eg pgflrhg prgjir sýhg pgfríi rlmhibir lh ping flh mlfletl‒. 64
Irtímuhg 9:9>¿.- Prlvihlemii fl hi mlsiýe.
(*) Irtímuhg flrgnifg pgr hi ]lxti Fispgsimiýe Aieih fl hi Hly Eª :41>>, pujhimifi lh 09
birzg :001, vinletl i hgs egvleti fíis fl hi pujhimimiýe fl hi mitifi Hly.
B?
‘Prlvihlml lh flrlmdg flh mlsigeirig qul priblribletl ‘di egtiaimifg hi mlsiýe ih
g di gjtleifg su imlptimiýe iutéetimi, iuequl su trispisg sli pgstlrigr le almdi‒
(irt.
96>0, Mýf. Miv.).
]i diy viriis egtiaimimigels fl uei mlsiýe le lh bisbg fíi, ‘hgs fialrletls
mlsigeirigs qulfie le inuih híeli, iueq ul his mlsigels sl dujilsle dlmdg le
fivlrsis dgris‒ (irt. 9611, Mýf. Miv.; mgem. irt. :6), lstg ls, mgemurrle i prgrriti‒. 63
‘Lh irtímuhg 9:9>° aul flrgnifg lxprlsibletl pgr hi Hly fl hi Nirietíi Bgjihiirii.
Le lsl sletifg, rlsuhti gpgrtueg slñihir qul fimdi Hly lstijhlml ue grfle fistietg
fl prlalrlemii ietl hi lvletuih mgemurrlemii fl mlsigeirigs?
LOLBPHG FL ML]CÝE FL FLZLMDG].
9. Hi slñgri Iflhi ]éemdlz susmrijiý ue mgetritg fl mgbprivleti i phizgs mge

lh slñgr Jleitg Hýplz, quile i hi almdi iúe hl iflufi ]/. 90,000.00.
Pirihlhibletl, hi slñgri Iflhi ]éemdlz ls flufgri fl hi slñgri Mirghiei
Zivlri, fljifg i ue mgetritg fl butug susmritg mge almdi ietlrigr ihpriblrg,
pgr hi bisbi mietifif fl
64
QC.
Gjlinacigels. Naclta Ourífica. Hiba? Plrú. 9° lficiýe. :006. Pán. 6:4-6:3.
63 IHVLZCEC, Itilig Ieíjal, IBLIH, Gscar Ogsé y HÝPL_ MIJIEI, Zgjlrtg B. ‘Flrlcdg fl Gjlinacigels
Mivills y Mgblrcialls‒ Lfitgrial Ijlllfg-Plrrgt. Julegs Iirls? Irnletiea. 9° lficiýe. 9331. Pán. <<1.
fielrg. Vriesmurrifg lh phizg fltlrbieifg fl 9 iñg, hi slñgri Mirghiei Zivlri
hl rlquilrl lh ping i su flufgri hi slñgri Iflhi ]éemdlz, quile le lsl
bgbletg muleti, piri mubphir mge su gjhinimiýe, mge hi miemlhimiýe qul
fljl dimlr lh slñgr Jleitg Hýplz i su aivgr. Le lstl bgbletg hi slñgri
Iflhi ]éemdlz sl lemuletri le hi fisyuetivi fl, g jile susmrijir ue
mgetritg fl mlsiýe fl flrlmdgs mge hi slñgri Mirghiei Zivlri, mlfilefg su
flrlmdg piri lxinir lh ping fl hi prlstimiýe ih slñgr Jleitg Hýplz, g jile,
triesalrir lh flrlmdg qul gstleti rlsplmtg ih slñgr Jleitg Hýplz, blfiietl hi
letrlni fl ue títuhg vihgr le lh muih lh slñgr Jleitg Hýplz sl mgestituyl le
gjhinifg priemipih. Phietlifg lh misg, vlrlbgs qué slríi bés vletijgsg piri
hi slñgri Iflhi ]éemdlz, mgbg flufgri y qué hl mgevlefríi imlptir i hi slñgri
Mirghiei Zivlri, mgbg imrllfgri.
Lh slñgr Jleitg Hýplz ifquiriý su gjhinimiýe pgr ue mgetritg fl
mgbprivleti susmritg mge hi slñgri Iflhi ]éemdlz, biletris qul lh títuhg
fl hi mlsiýe fl flrlmdgs fl hi slñgri Iflhi ]éemdlz i aivgr fl hi slñgri
Mirghiei Zivlri, sl fi blfiietl uei mlsiýe sghvlefimiusi, qul sl mgeainuri
muiefg hi mlsiýe ls ue blfig fl pinir uei flufi qul tilel lh mlfletl
arletl ih mlsigeirig, aieihbletl firé qul lh gjjltg fl hi mlsiýe, slré hi
aimuhtif qul ifquiriré hi slñgri Mirghiei Zivlri fl lxinir lh ping fl hgs ]/.
90,000.00 ih slñgr Jleitg Hýplz, le hunir fl hi slñgri Iflhi ]éemdlz. Fl tih
bielri qul hi slñgri Mirghiei Zivlri, mge lh fgmubletg qul imrlfiti hi
mlsiýe fl flrlmdgs, tilel hi aimuhtif fl lxinir ih slñgr Jleitg Hýplz lh
mubphibiletg fl hi prlstimiýe qul bietleíi arletl i su
vivimirjlhlf fglri q purlib hiin lseliñig hri sIlfñlghiri ] Iéfelmhdil ]z

émeumbdlpzhi, ym gieh psui rlgmjlhinr,i lmsiýtie syl qríuil u heii s algñrgbri
Mirghiei Zivlri vli sitisalmdg su mréfitg.
O \Z C] PZ \FL EM CI ] FL ML ] CÝE FL FL Z L M DG] .
9. MI ] . E¿ =>:-:001 IZ LY\CP I.
MI ] . E¿ =>:-:001 IZ L Y\CPI . Ljlmumiýe fl Nirietíis. Hibi, slis fl sltilbjrl flh fgs bih slis.-
HI ]IHI MCQCH VZIE]CVGZCI FL HI MGZVL ]\PZL BI FL O \]VCMCI FL HI Z LPßJHCMI,
visti hi miusi eúblrg trlsmiletgs sltletifýs - fgs bih slis, le Iufilemii Pújhimi fl hi almdi, y
prgfumifi hi vgtimiýe mge irrlnhg i Hly lbitl hi sinuiletl sletlemii;
BI VL Z CI FL H Z L M \Z ] G? ]l triti flh rlmursg fl misimiýe Cetlrpulstg pgr Zgnlr Miemig
Irrlfgefg Nirmíi, blfiietl lsmritg fl agjis fgsmiletgs filmigmdg, mgetri hi rlsghumiýe lbitifi
pgr hi Priblri ]ihi Mivih fl hi Mgrtl ]uplrigr fl Oustimii fl Irlquipi, fl agjis fgsmiletgs
trls, su almdi trlml fl juhig flh fgs bih miemg, qul Zlvgmiefg pirmiihbletl lh iutg, qul flmhiri
Ceauefifi hi mgetrifimmiýe; Zlagrbéefghi flmhirirge? Cbprgmlfletl hi mitifi mgetrifimmiýe
y Mgeairbirge
pirmiihbletl lh iutg, le muietg sl Fispgel lh rlbitl fl hgs fgs iebuljhls bitlrii fl hitis;
A\EFIBLEVG] FLH ZLM\Z]G? Yul, mgemlfifg lh rlmursg fl misimiýe, aul flmhirifg
Prgmlfletl pgr rlsghumiýe fl almdi fgml fl fgml fl biyg flh fgs bih slis, pgr hi miusih prlvisti
le lh iemisg slnuefg y tlrmlrg flh irtímuhg trlsmiletgs gmdletiséis flh Mýfing Prgmlsih Mivih; lstg
ls, hi ieiphimimiýe fl egrbis fl flrlmdg bitlriih y hi mgetrivlemiýe i his egrbis
qul
iniirtríimeuthigzi be ishu f fglsrmlilmdegtg ish qfulijeifmgl ,f plrhg Mmlýsfgin; gi )M

livei h,l hi prnriublr emtisegf gs lqñuilh,i lqh uMlý fslin gd iM ieviih plhismtifjghlmllh
leL H I Z VÍM\HG BCH FG] MCL EVG] Y\CEM L qul hi Mls iýe fl Flrlmdgs prgfuml lalmtg
mgetri lh flufgr flsfl qul éstl hi imlpti g hl ls mgbueimifi aldimiletlbletl, dijiéefgsl
ieiphimifg lsti egrbi phisi eg lxistl hi Mlsiýe fl Flrlmdgs ihlnifi; y, j) le lh slnuefg misg
sl Cefimi hi mgetrivlemiýe fl hgs eublrihls C, CC, 999 flh Vítuhg Prlhibieir, miletg egvletimuitrg
y slismiletgs egvleti flh Mýfing Prgmlsih Mivih, sgstleilefg j sinuiletl? j.i) i lalmtgs fl ljlrmlr
phleibletl su flrlmdg fl flalesi rlsuhtiji iefisplesijhl qul sl imtúle hgs blfig i prgjitgrigs
elmlsirigs qul imrlfitle hi mlsiýe fl hi dipgtlmi bitlrii fl ljlmumiýe, silefg uei mirti
egtiriih hi úeimi pruljl véhifi l ifýeli piri imhirir hi plralmti mlsiýe fl flrlmdgs fl Jiemg
Hitieg i aivgr fl Cetlrjiek;
jp.uiil) sl dh iO urlzs uelght gd ihi lfj lrbmiifegf siu s iaeu egmrifýle filr ifmirtulimmtgiýr ef
fllh phirg pmrluslgj ie i ifdýie jluis ym ieflgm lseimrgiie tqruilr hsiu vsltlreftilf g; flsvirtúl
hgs irnubletgs flh rlmurrletl, vuhelréefgsl su flrlmdg fl prgpilfif, fl flalesi, lh
priemipig fl firlmmiýe flh prgmlsg, fljéefgsl fl hifg hi aieihifif flh prgmlsg y fl hi prulji; y
j.iii) Yul lh Oulz fljiý, fl gaimig, imtuir uei plrimii mgetijhl mge hi aieihifif fl fltlrbieir lh
sihfg flufgr; MGE]CFLZIEFG?
Priblrg.- Yul, lh rlmursg fl misimiýe tilel mgbg aiels lslemiihls hi mgrrlmti iphimimiýe l
ietlrprltimiýe flh flrlmdg gjjltivg y hi ueiaimimiýe fl hi jurispruflemii eimigeih fé hi Mgrtl
]uprlbi fl Oustimii, mgeagrbl sl slñihi le lh irtímuhg trlsmiletgs gmdletimuitrg trlsmiletgs
gmdletimuitrg flh Mýfing Prgmlsih Mivih;
] ln uefg? Yul, lh jiemg ljlmutietl Cetlrpgel flbiefi fl ljlmumiýe fl nirietíi
firiniéefghi mgetri lh rlmurrletl y gtrgs ljlmutifgs i aie fl qul mubphie mge pinirhl mitgrml
bih slismiletgs gmdletisiltl fýhirls iblrimiegs mge slsletiséis mletivgs fl fýhir, jijg
iplrmijibiletg fl grfleirsl lh rlbitl fl hgs jilels fifgs le nirietíi;
Vlrmlrg.- Yul, ifbitifi i trébitl hi flbiefi y fimtifg lh biefitg fl ping, sýhg lh
rlmurrletl Zgnlr Miemig Irrlfgefg Nirmíi flfuml su mgetrifimmiýe hi muih hi sustleti le hi
ielxinijihifif fl hi gjhinimiýe y slñihi qul hi gjhinimiýe aul mgetriífi i aivgr flh Jiemg Hitieg
pgr hg qul lh úeimg hlnitibifg piri ietlrpgelr hi prlsletl immiýe ls lh mitifg Jiemg; lrng,
Cetlrjiek eg tilel hlnitibifif piri gjrir; eg sl di imrlfitifg hi vihiflz fl hi mlsiýe ei qul hi
flufi sli lxinijhl; ih eg lxistir víemuhg mge hi ljlmutietl, eg sl di imrlfitifg lh sihfg flufgr; FL
MGEAGZBCFIF M GE LH IZ VÍM\HG BCH FG]M CLEVG] Y\CEML FL H MÝFCNG MCQCH HI ML
]CÝE ]\ZVL LA LMVG] MGEVZI LH FL\FGZ FL]FL Y\L L] IMLPVIFI G
HL L] MGB\ECMIFI ALDIMCLEVLBLEVL; LE L]VL MI]G, EG LTC]VL
BIECAL]VIMCÝE PGZ PIZVL FLH MLFCFG EC ]L DI IM ZL FCVIFG MGB\ECMIMCÝE
ALDIMCLEVL, I] Í PIZ VL FL HI M L] CÝE
I H\FCF I , CEM\Z Z CÉ EF G] L L E MI \] I H FL E\HCF I F; GA Z L ML MGBG BL FCG]
PZGJI VGZCG] HI ] L] MZCV\ZI ] PßJHCMI] Y\L GJZI E LE I \VG]; Muirtg? Yul, lh
I Yug, fimti lh iutg flaieitivg fl priblri iestiemii pgr lh qul flmhiri ieauefifi hi
mgetrifimmiýe y fispgel lh rlbitl fl hgs jilels fifgs le nirietíi, slñihiefg qul hi ielxinijihifif
fl hi gjhinimiýe
msmilr rpnrg fpulmelf imlueitle fgl é smtuib splh ibleilmeutlge; trle s uijultgis i l uh em gp-
hilzjlgm tugtfiifvgí ie ge gd vil eimirflgf igti sfgb qlutilf ih i gmjgheinfii miiýe
pulsti i mgjrg sl lemuletrl sujlti iegei fl his mgefimigels ietls slñihifis; lh Jiemg
ljlmutietl sl lemuletri hlnitibifg piri ietlrpgelr hi prlsletl immiýe pgr muietg his dipgtlmis
mgestituifis i aivgr flh Jiemg Hitieg die sifg mlfifis i aivgr flh Cetlrjiek, mlsigels
qul sl lemuletrie fljifibletl iesmritis; mge hgs tlstibgeigs fl Lsmrituri Pújhimi y hiquifimiýe
fl sihfg flufgr sl di imrlfitifg hi gjhinimiýe pulsti i mgjrg; iphimi lh irtimuhg bih fgsmiletgs
filmieulvl flh Mýfing Mivih y sltlmiletgs vlietl flh Mýfing Prgmlsih Mivih;
Yuietg? Yul, iplhifi i hi rlsghumiýe, lsnribilefg hgs bisbgs irnubletgs qul su
mgetrifimmiýe, ls ijsulhti pgr hi ]ihi Zlvisgri quile Zlvgmi lh lxtrlbg fl hi rlsghumiýe flh I
Yug pgr lh qul flmhiri ieauefifi hi mgetrifimmiýe y Zlagrbéefghi hi flmhiri Cbprgmlfletl,
mgeairbiefg lh lxtrlbg rlalrifg ih biefitg i rlbitl fl hgs jilels fifgs le nirietíi,
slñihiefg, letrl gtrgs irnubletgs, qul hi ielxinijihifif flfumifi eg lsté sustletifi le ihnuei
rizýe fl bgfg, hunir g tilbpg, úeimis miusihls piri mgetriflmir lh biefitg; hi mlsiýe fl
flrlmdgs sl lemuletri iesmriti,
pgr hg qul ls fl iphimimiýe lh priemipig rlnistrih mgetleifg le lh irtímuhg fgs bih fgml flh Mýfing
]ustietivg, eg pufilefg sgstlelr lh ljlmutifg qul eg tleíi mgegmibiletg fl hi bisbi;
] lxtg.- Yul, ls prlmisg ieihizir hgs vimigs rlalrifgs i hi mgetrivlemiýe fl his egrbis
qul nirietizie lh flrlmdg i ue fljifg prgmlsg, le priblr hunir, pulstg qul hi mgeainurimiýe fl
ihnueg fl lstgs, ibphimirhi qul eg sl prgfuzmi ue prgeuemiibiletg sgjrl lh vimig
sustietivg tibjiée fleuemiifg;.biletris eg sl rlsulhvi hgs vimigs prgmlsihls;
] étibg? Yul, mge rlhimiýe ih puetg j.i), lh irtímuhg miletg gmdletigmdg flh Mýfing Prgmlsih Mivih
hgs blfigs prgjitgrigs tilele pgr aieihifif imrlfitir hgs dlmdgs lxpulstgs pgr his pirtls,
prgfumir mlrtlzi le lh Oulz rlsplmtg fl hgs puetgs mgetrgvlrtifgs y auefibletir sus flmisigels;
Gmtivg? Yul, hi ]ihi ]uplrigr, ih bgbletg fl rlsghvlr lh mgeahimtg, sgjrl lstl ítlb di
slñihifg lxprlsibletl, mgbg yi sl tilel fimdg, qul lh irnubletg fleuemiifg eg sl
ijusti i hi miusih ievgmifi fl ielxinijihifif fl hi gjhinimiýe, pulstg qul ésti diml rlalrlemii i
uei mirmuestiemii fl bgfg hunir g tilbpg; iflbés, sl hl iefimý qul hi mlsiýe fl flrlmdgs mgrrl
iesmriti le hgs Zlnistrgs Pújhimgs, pgr hg qul le iphimimiýe flh irtímuhg fgs bih fgml flh Mýfing
Mivih, lh ljlmutifg eg pulfl ihlnir flsmgegmibiletg flh mgetleifg flh isiletg rlnistrih rlsplmtg
fl hgs jilels dipgtlmifgs;
Egvleg.- Yul, pgr lefl, dimilefg ue ieéhisis flh vimig fleuemiifg, lstl ]uprlbg
Vrijueih mgemhuyl qul lh rizgeibiletg lalmtuifg pgr hi ]ihi fl Irlquipi ls lh mgrrlmtg, tgfi vlz
qul ueg fl hgs pihirls fl ue Grfleibiletg Ourífimg ls lh rlspltg y bietleibiletg flh
Priemipig fl
]lnurifif Ourífimi, lh bisbg qul rlpgsi, letrl gtrgs, le hi letififls qul jriefie
ieagrbimiýe aiflfinei sgjrl hgs imtgs qul rlihizie hgs inletl lmgeýbimgs fletrg fl hi sgmilfif;
pgr lefl, si lh Jiemg ljlmutietl agrbihizý lh imtg gjhinimigeih fl hi mlsiýe fl flrlmdgs y
prgmlfiý i su Cesmripmiýe le hgs Zlnistrgs Pújhimgs, lsté sitisaimilefg lh rlquisitg fl hi
pujhimifif lxinifg pgr hi Hly, tleilefg prlsletl qul pgr fispgsimiýe flh irtimuhg fgs bih fgml flh
Mýfing Mivih, lh hlnishifgr
eg prlsubl,
mgetleifg siegiesmripmigels,
fl his qul flmhirihguei
qulvlrfif
ibphimi hlnih, slnúe hi
qul mgegmle muih, tgfgs mgetleifi
hi ieagrbimiýe hgs miufifiegs sijle flh
le hgs isiletgs
rlnístrihls, pgr hg qul lstiríibgs ietl ue supulstg fl mgbueimimiýe aldimiletl;
Fémibg? Yul, silefg lstg isí, y ieihizifg his mirmuestiemii fl lstl misg, lstl ]uprlbg
Vrijueih mgesiflri qul hi mirti i hi qul diml rlalrlemii lh rlmurrletl eg elmlsiriibletl
ls lh úeimg blmieisbg fl imrlfitimiýe fl hi rlihizimiýe fl hi mlsiýe; ls bés, le virtuf i lhhg,
lh irtímuhg bih fgsmiletgs slis flh Mýfing Mivih slñihi fl bielri lxprlsi qul hi mlsiýe
pulfl dimlrsl (mgeagrbirsl) iúe sie lh isletibiletg flh flufgr, le tietg qul lh irtímuhg bih
fgsmiletgs quieml fispgel qul hi mlsiýe prgfuml lalmtg mgetri lh flufgr mlfifg flsfl qul
éstl hi imlpti g hls ls mgbueimifi aldimiletlbletl, silefg qul fimdis iesmripmigels
mgestie le isiletgs rlsplmtivgs flsfl lh vlietiueg fl birzg flh fgs bih fgs, lstg ls, misi fgs
iñgs ietls fl hi ietlrpgsimiýe fl hi flbiefi, pgr hg qul lstl lxtrlbg flvilel le ieauefifg;
\efémibg.- Yul, mge rlhimiýe ih puetg j.ii), lalmtivibletl, lh eublrih CC flh Vítuhg Prlhibieir
flh Mýfing Prgmlsih Mivih prlsmrijl qul hi firlmmiýe flh prgmlsg lsté i mirng flh Oulz, quile hi
ljlrml fl imulrfg i hg fispulstg le lstl Mýfing;
Fugfémibg? Yul, le lh misg fl iutgs, eg sl ujimi lh vimig fleuemiiefg pgr lh rlmurrletl, yi qul
furietl tgfi hi slmulhi fl lsté prgmlsg fl ljlmumiýe fl nirietíi, qul pgr su eiturihlzi
ls subirisibg, tietg lh I Yug mgbg lh If Yulb die flsirrghhifg su trijijg, fletrg fl
hgs
pirébltrgs lxinifgs pgr hi hly y gtgrniefg rlspulstis hlnihls y mgdlrletls i hgs irnubletgs
fl his pirtls;
Fémibg Vlrmlrg.- Yul, pgr hg flbés, hi vlrfif fletrg fl lstl prgmlsg, ls hi lxistlemii fl uei
gjhinimiýe milrti, lxprlsi y lxinijhl, mgetleifi le lh títuhg fl ljlmumiýe, qul eg di sifg
flsvirtuifi le muietg i su ping, pgr hg qul lstl vimig flvilel le Ceauefifg;
Fémibg Muirtg? Yul, mge rlhimiýe ih puetg j.iii), lh irtimuhg miletg egvletimuitrg flh Mýfing
Ifjltivg prlsmrijl qul muiefg hgs blfigs prgjitgrigs garlmifgs pgr his pirtls slie Cesuaimiletls
piri agrbir mgevimmiýe, lh Oulz, le flmisiýe bgtivifi l ieibpuneijhl, pulfl grfleir hi imtuimiýe
fl hgs blfigs prgjitgrigs ifimigeihls qul mgesiflrl mgevleiletls;
Fémibg Yuietg? Yul, mgeagrbl ih tlxtg mhirg y prlmisg fl hi egrbi prgmlsih ietls
ihufifi, hi aimuhtif prgjitgrii flh Oulz, tie fismutifi pgr ihnuegs prgmlsihistis, ls, hlnihbletl,
uei pgtlstif egrbitivi qul hl di gtgrnifg lh hlnishifgr ih Oulz, quile fismrlmigeihbletl,
pulfl lbphlirhi, muiefg hg mgesiflrl elmlsirig;
Fémibg ]lxtg? Yul, silefg lstg isí, le lstl prgmlsg fl ljlmumiýe fl nirietíi, eienuei fl his
iestiemiis di mgesiflrifg elmlsirig lbphlir fimdg fispgsitivg hlnih, pgr hg qul, eg sl
mgeainuri eienúe vimig prgmlsih rlalrifg i lstl ítlb, ei pulfl prltleflrsl mgebieir i
muihquilr Oulz i hi
immumtiueifmgiý leh pfrlg puige ir lpmrurlrljeit lf elg g hiaim digi, smguhiimeitiffgg é esit
gbsl emgi gheii mfge fslifeltrgl ef lph lfrltiseilrertglhh ge fi lbh upmrgdmgl sbgl, epgsr hg
qul lstl lxtrlbg tibjiée flvilel le ieauefifg; Fémibg ] étibg? Yul, mge rlhimiýe ih puetg i),
le priemipig, hi miusih sl mgeainuri muiefg "(...) lh Oulz mgbprulji mirmuestiemiis qul
sge
supuls tgs gjhin ifgs fl hi iphim imiýe fl uei egrbi fltlrbieifi, eg gjs tietl hg muih, eg
hi iphimi. Lh Oulz di Cnegrifg, flsmgegmifg g sgshiyifg hi egrbi plrtieletl. Lstl lrrgr
sl mgbltl le hi prlbisi flh Flrlmdg nlelrihbletl sl mgrrlhimigei mge hi iphimimiýe
iefljifi,
pils s i hi egr bi iphimifi ls ibplrtieletl i hi rlhimi ýe aémtimi, ls buy prgjijhl qul lh O
ulz tibjiée diyi fljifg fl iphimir iqulhhi egrbi qul ls prlmisibletl, hi
iflmuifi(…)‒ (Lh Zlmursg fl Misimiýe Mivih; Bieulh ]éemdlz Pihimigs Piivi; Lfimigels
Hlnihls y Lfitgriih ]ie Birmgs; Vlrmlri Lfimiýe; Hibi - Plrú; priblrg fl jueig; péniei
egvletisiltl); fl fgefl sl tilel qul, gjjltivibletl, hi egrbi fleuemiifi eg di sifg
iphimifi; silefg elmlsirig fltlrbieir hi
plrtielemii fl lsti egrbi fletrg flh prgmlsg; ls isí qul, lh irtímuhg bih fgsmiletgs slis flh
Mýfing Mivih slñihi, mgbg yi sl di lxprlsifg, qul? "hi mlsiýe ls lh imtg fl fispgsimiýe le virtuf
,flh muih lh mlfletl triesbitl lh flrlmdg i lxinir hi prlstimiýe i mirng fl su flufgr, qul sl di
gjhinifg i triesalrir pgr ue títuhg fistietg";
Fémibg Gmtivg.- Yul, hi mlsiýe sl mgemlptúi mgbg; "hi rleuemii g triesbisiýe, nrituiti
u gelrgsi, qul sl diml fl mgsi, mréfitg, immiýe g flrlmdg i aivgr fl gtri plrsgei"
(Nuihhlrbg Mijielhhis fl Vgrrls, jurífimg lhlbletih Lfitgri Dlhiisti, Fémibi Vlrmlri
Lfimiýe i mirng fl Nuihhlrbg Mijielhhis fl hi Mulvis, Julegs Iirls - Irnletiei, bih
egvlmiletgs gmdletigmdg, péniei slsletieulvl; Fémibg Egvleg.- Yul, hi mlsiýe fl
flrlmdgs sl lemuletri rlnuhifi le lh Hijrg slxtg, fl his gjhinimigels―le hi slmmiýe priblri,
fl his gjhinimigels y sus bgfihififls, le lh títuhg gmtivg, fl hi triesbisiýe fl his
gjhinimigels, pgr hg qul ls iphimijhl i tgfis his rlhimigels
jurífimis gjhinimigeihls;
QCNÉ]CBG.- Yul, sge lhlbletgs fl, hi mlsiýe fl flrlmdgs? i) uei rlhimiýe jurífimi prllxistletl
i hi mlsiýe y qul sli susmlptijhl fl slr mlfifi sie muyi lxistlemii eg pgfríi mgeainurirsl hi
rlalrifi mlsiýe; j) his pirtls fl lsti rlhimiýe gjhinimigeih lstée mgestituifis pgr ue
mlfletl y ue mlsigeirig; m) qul sl triesbitl ue flrlmdg i lxinir fltlrbieifi prlstimiýe; f) qul
hi mlsiýe sli éh bgfg fl triesalrir ue títuhg fistietg;
QCNL]CBG Priblrg.- Yul, mgeagrbl yi sl di slñihifg, lstibgs le ue misg fl
ljlmumiýe fl nirietíi, le fgefl sl prltlefl lh mgjrg fl uei flufi qul ls milrti, lxprlsi y
lxinijhl, mgeagrbl hg die slñihifg hgs binistrifgs y eg di elnifg lh rlmurrletl ei hgs mg-
ljlmutifgs; silefg lstg isí, fl imulrfg mge hi eiturihlzi flh prgmlsg, sl rlquilrl piri
ieimiir hi prlsletl immiýe ue títuhg ljlmutivg, lh bisbg qul mgrrl le, iutgs y, mgeagrbl
tibjiée die slñihifg hgs julmls, rlúel hgs rlquisitgs lstijhlmifgs le hi hly, pgr hg qul ls
viijhl hi ljlmumiýe flh bisbg; ls bés, hi ]ihi
]uplrigr eg sghg di rlspgefifg lh inrivig flsmritg pgr lh iplhietl sieg qul hl di
slñihifg, lxprlsibletl, qul lh irnubletg pgr éstl lsnribifg eg sl ijusti i hi miusih
fl mgetrifimmiýe agrbuhifi;
QCNL ]CBG ]lnuefg? Yul, silefg lstg isí, ieihiziefg i rlspulsti gtgrnifi pgr hgs
binistrifgs ih irnubletg fl flalesi flh rlmurrletl, sl pulfl mgemhuir qul hi egrbi Cevgmifi eg
tilel elxg fl miusihifif mge hi rlsghumiýe fimtifi le iutgs, y qul sli susmlptijhl fl ieéhisis
misitgrig; iúe isí, mgeagrbl yi sl di slñihifg, lh supulstg flh irtímuhg bih fgsmiletgs quieml
flh Mýfing Mivih sisl mubphl le lh misg fl iutgs, pulstg qul, mgbg tibjiée di dlmdg
blemiýe lxprlsi hi ]ihi
]uplrigr, lh flufgr di sifg mgbueimifg fl hi mlsiýe fl flrlmdgs, pulstg qul lsti mgrrl Cesmriti
le hgs Zlnistrgs Pújhimgs, silefg uei vlrfif hlnih, prlvisti le lh irtímuhg fgs bih fgml; flh
Mýfing
Mivih, qul éstl y tgfgs hgs mg-ljlmutifgs, isí mgbg tgfgs hgs inletls lmgeýbimgs, tilele
mgegmibiletg phleg flh mgetleifg fl hgs isiletgs rlnístrihls, eg pufilefg ihlnir su
Cneýrlehi sgjrl lstl ítlb; silefg lstg isí, hi iphimimiýe fl hi egrbi Cevgmifi eg
mibjii hi flmisiýe ifgptifi pgr his iestiemiis, pgr hg qul lstl lxtrlbg flvilel le
ieauefifg; pgr his rizgels flsmritis, fl mgeagrbifif mge lh irtímuhg trlsmiletgs
egvletisiltl flh Mýfing Prgmlsih Mivih; flmhirirge? CEA\EFIFG lh rlmursg fl misimiýe,
ietlrpulstg i agjis fgsmiletgs filmigmdg pgr Zgnlr Miemig Irrlfgefg Nirmíi; le
mgeslmulemii? EG MI] IZ GE hi rlsghumiýe fl Qisti fl agjis, fl agjis fgsmiletgs trls, su almdi
trlml l juhig flh fgs bih miemg; MGEFLEIZGE ih rlmurrletl ih
Ppirgnmgl sfilh ; iFsCl] Pm\gs]tiCLsZ yG Emg hsit gpsu jfhlimh irmliýmeu rsfgu,h ii psírí
lmsglbetgý irl shig hubmuiýhtei lfel luh eFii i\rige ifGiafim iifhl L Zh Plalruliemgii, jijg
rlspgesijihifif; le hgs slnuifgs pgr lh Jiemg Cetlreimigeih flh Plrú Cetlrjiek - mge Zgnlr
Miemig Irrlfgefg Nirmíi sgjrl Ljlmumiýe fl Nirietíi; y, hgs flvghvilrge.- ]].
VCMGEI PG]VCNG, MIZZCGE H\NG, ALZZLCZI QCHFG_GHI, PIHGBCEG NIZMÍI,
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L jlmumiýe fl Nirietíi Dipgtlmirii.
Hibi, miemg fl Gmtujrl flh Fgs Bih Muitrg.
HI ]I HI VZIE]CVGZCI FL HI M GZVL ]\PZLBI FL O\]VCMCI FL HI ZLPßJHCMI,
le hi miusi visti le iufilemii pújhimi fl hi almdi lbitl hi sinuiletl sletlemii, BIVLZCI
FLH ZLM\Z]G? ]l triti flh rlmursg fl misimiýe ietlrpulstg pgr lh ljlmutifg, Jiemg îlsl ]
gmilfif
Ieýeibi Ijilrti, mgetri hi rlsghumiýe fl visti fl agjis miletg miemuleti y gmdg, su almdi geml fl
bsblitirlzbg jfrlh fglsh fbgish tbrlihs t,r Cles,u fjlsmishitlrie tEl utghif ghi imptulihifgi,
fCbl pagrgjimsl fmliletltg h iq ufilebmli, ealfmid filf iag ljih sv lmuieitirglmedtigtr éfsl, le
hgs slnuifgs pgr lh Jiemg îlsl]ufiblris ]gmilfif Ieýeibi Ijilrti Qihhimir Mgestrummigels
]gmilfif Mivih fl Zlspgesijihifif Hibitifi y gtrgs, sgjrl Ljlmumiýe fl Nirietíi,
A\EFIBLEVG] FLH Z LM\Z] G ? Hi Mgrtl blfiietl rlsghumiýe flh fgs fl fimilbjrl flh fgs
bih trls, lstibifg prgmlfletl lh rlmursg pgr hi miusih fl ietlrprltimiýe lrrýeli flh irtimuhg
fgs bih quieml flh Mýfing Mivih, lxprlsiefg mgbg auefibletgs?
i) hg qul prlsmrijl lsti egrbi ls qul hi mlsiýe fljl slr mgbueimifi ih flufgr, eg slñihiefg
qul sli ue rlquisitg mgbueimirhg i plrsgei fistieti flh flufgr, mgbg ls lh misg fl hgs
nirietls dipgtlmirigs, hgs muihls tilele mgefimiýe immlsgrii y sujsifiirii le hi rlhimiýe
gjhinimigeih, ls flmir, eg sge flufgr prgpiibletl, sieg nirietls arletl ih iemubphibiletg
flh flufgr, silefg immlsgrigs flh mréfitg mlfifg, pgr hg qul hi Hly eg gjhini i su egtiaimimiýe; y
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j) hi egtiaimimiýe fispulsti le hi egrbi eg lxinl uei agrbihifif lsplmiaimi pgr hg tietg,
hi lalmtuifi blfiietl lh lbphizibiletg fl hi prlsletl flbiefi i hgs mg ” ljlmutifgs
nirietls, le tgfg misg, mubphl mge hi aieihifif lstijhlmifi le hi egrbi;
MGE]CFLZIEFG?
PZCBLZG.- Yul, le priemipig, hi mlsiýe fl flrlmdgs ls, fl mgeagrbifif mge lh irtímuhg bih
fgsmiletgs s lis flh Mýfin g Mivih, lh imtg fl fispgsimiýe le virtuf flh muih lh mlfletl trisbitl
ih mlsigeirig lh flrlmdg i lxinir hi prlstimiýe i mirng fl su flufgr, qul sl di gjhinifg i
triesalrir
pgr ue fistietg. Hi mlsiýe pulfl dimlrsl iue sie lh isletibiletg flh flufgr, hg qul sineiaimi qul
piri hi vihiflz fl hi mlsiýe jisti lh mgesletibiletg lxistletl letrl lh mlfletl y mlsigeirig;
] L N \EFG .- Yul, eg gjstietl hg ietlrigr, piri qul surti lalmtg phlegs lsti mlsiýe arletl ih
flufgr mlfifg y flbés tlrmlrgs, ls elmlsirig qul hl sli mgbueimifg ih flufgr mlfifg fl hi
lxistlemii fl fimdi mlsiýe; pulstg qul éstl inegriefg hi mlsiýe pulfl mubphir su gjhinimiýe
arletl ih mlfletl, eg silefg justg qul lh mlsigeirig lxiji ih mitifg flufgr qul hl pinul
eulvibletl i éh, ifumilefg slr lh imrllfgr imtuih; vihl flmir, hg qul hi hly lxinl piri hi
laimimii fl hi mlsiýe ls lh flufgr mlfifg tgbl mgegmibiletg fl fimdi mlsiýe, hg qul le priblr
grfle fljl prgfumirsl i trivés fl uei egtiaimimiýe mursifi i su plrsgei pgr lh mlfletl; fl
ihhí hi rizýe pgr hi qul lh irtimuhg bih fgsmiletgs quieml flh Mýfing ietls mitifg, lstijhlml
qul ‘Hi mlsiýe prgfuml lalmtg mgetri lh flufgr mlfifg flsfl qul éstl hi imlpti g hi ls
mgbueimifi aldimiletlbletl‒,
VLZMLZG.- Yul, le tih virtuf, si sl tilel qul hi mlsiýe pulfg dimlrsl iúe sie isletibiletg flh
flufgr, plrg i su vlz qul lh flufgr mlfifg fljl tlelr mgegmibiletg fl hi mlsiýe piri qul hl sli
l x in i j hl hi p r l s t i m iý e p g r p i r t l f l h e u l v g i m r l
iih n u e g a i m u ht i i h f l u f g r m l f i f g i q u l i m l p tl g
l f g r , l hh g s in e i ai m i , q u hi mg b u e im i mi ý l e b g f g
e g h i m l s i ý e ; é s t i t il e l p hl e i l ai mi m ii le su m g e tr i
mge su sýhg mgegmibiletg
M\IZVG.- Yul, idgri jile, si jile ls milrtg lh irtimuhg bih fgsmiletgs quieml flh Mýfing
]ustietivg, slñihi qul ‘Hi mlsiýe prgfuml lalmtg mgetri lh flufgr mlfifg flsfl qul éstl hi
imlpti…‒ ésti prlsmripmiýe lsté rlalrifi i hgs misgs le hgs qul plsl eg lxistir mgbueimimiýe i su
plrsgei, lh flufgr mlfifg lxprlsi su imlptimiýe g le hgs qul hi mlsiýe sl gpgel i hi hly, i
hi eiturihlzi fl hi gjhinimiýe g ih pimtg mge lh flufgr, fl mgeagrbifif mge lh irtímuhg bih
fgsmiletgs filz flh mitifg Mýfing, éstl plsl i lhhg, inuihbletl hi imlpti; situimigels le his
muihls hi mlsiýe letgemls prgfuml phleibletl sus lalmtgs.
Y\CEVG.-Yul, isibisbg lh priblr pérriag flh irtímuhg bih fgsmiletgs geml flh Mýfing
Mivih lstijhlml qul hi mlsiýe fl flrlmdgs mgbprlefl hi triesbisiýe ih mlsigeirig fl hgs
privihlnigs his nirietíis rlihls y plrsgeihls, isí mgbg hgs immlsgrigs flh flrlmdg
trisbitifg, sihvg pimtg mgetririg; nirietls qul si jile, eg sge lxprlsibletl mihiaimifgs
tibjiée pgr hi egrbi mgbg ‘flufgrls mlfifgs‒, fljl letleflrsl pgr hi gjhinimiýe fl
nirietíi isubifi arletl ih imrllfgr rlsplmtg flh flufgr qul sge inuihbletl flufgrls fl éstl
imrllfgr, le lstl misg, mlfletl, y isí, le virtuf i hi mlsiýe fl flrlmdgs, flufgrls mlfifgs;
mge flrlmdg i tlelr mgegmibiletg fl hi mlsiýe qul sl diyi prgfumifg rlsplmtg fl hi
gjhinimiýe qul nirietizi;
] L TVG .- Yul, sie lbjirng, fifg qul hi rlalrifi ‘…mgbueimimiýe aldimiletl…‒ ih nirietl fl hi
lxistlemii fl hi mlsiýe fl flrlmdgs eg mgbpgrti sghimituf fl iutgrizimiýe; eg lxistl ýjiml ihnueg
piri qul lsti mgbueimimiýe sl prgfuzmi pgr víi jufimiih i trivés fl hi egtiaimimiýe mge hi flbiefi
qul sl sustleti le fimdi slsiýe;
] L VCBG.- Yul, le lh prlsletl misg, arletl i hi prltlesiýe fl Ljlmumiýe fl Nirietíi
Dipgtlmirii ietlrpulsti pgr lh Jiemg îlsl]ufiblris ]gmilfif Ieýeibi Ijilrti, ietls
Jiemg îlsl Hibitifg, mgetri Qihhimir Mgestrummigels ]gmilfif Mivih Zlspgesijihifif
Hibitifi, mgbg flufgr
priemipih, y mgetri, Zghiefg Nrlngrig Duiyti Bibiei y gtrgs, le mihifif fl nirietls
dipgtlmirigs fl hi mitifi lbprlsi, lstl ljlmutifg di agrbuhifg mgetrifimmiýe ifumilefg qul hi
gjhinimiýe ls
hlix iMniljshliý meg feltr iF hlgrsl mndigrise mtlshl,j tgriffii q luelt rllhh glsh Jmgiesmtgit
ufyll rHgibe id ipy gltlh mJii eim agi v^gril fsllh JHiibeimtigf gf ll hH tibrliie yti q full
sltilbjrl fl bih egvlmiletgs egvleti y eulvl, pgr lh qul hi priblri hl mlfl i hi
slnuefi hi tgtihifif fl sus flrlmdgs rlsplmtg flh mréfitg mge vihhimir Mgestrummigels ]
gmilfif Mivih fl Zlspgesijihifif Hibitifi, mge tgfgs hgs privihlnigs, nirietíis rlihls y
flbés, eg tilel vihiflz ihnuei arletl i hgs nirietls, pulstg qul eg sl gjtuvg su
mgesletibiletg mgeagrbi ih irtímuhg bih muitrgmiletgs trlieti y miemg flh Mýfing Mivih;
GMVIQG.- Yul, hi mitifi mgetrifimmiýe ls flslstibifi pgr éh I Yug blfiietl iutg aieih fl
agjis miletg quieml, iefimiefg qul hi Mlsiýe fl Flrlmdgs ls fistieti fl hi Mlsiýe fl
Pgslsiýe
mMm gestlriemtitbuiilh,e tmgu fygl h filrtuímfughgr mlsf iflgh, yq uqlu lm iltix isltlh
mlgjlbmuetiimfigm, iýqeu fll hl meltgseigmelisr ige gi h sml fieflgm blslitfii ieftlh mirti
egtiriih flh trlieti fl sltilbjrl fl bih egvlmiletgs egvleti y eulvl; rlsghumiýe qul sie
lbjirng, iplhifi pgr lh rlalrifg ljlmutifg; ls flmhirifi Euhi pgr hi ]ihi Zlvisgri; hi
muih fispgel tibjiée hi euhifif fl tgfg hg imtuifg y hi ibprgmlflemii fl hi flbiefi,
jijg lh irnubletg fl qul si jile ls milrtg, piri hi mlsiýe fl flrlmdgs eg sl rlquilrl flh
isletibiletg flh flufgr, eg ls blegs milrtg qul silefg lhl ljlmutifg nirietl dipgtlmirig,
tilel hi mihifif fl flufgr mlfifg, qul pgr tietg, fljiý mgbueimérslhl aldimiletlbletl fl
hi mlsiýe mgeagrbl ih irtímuhg bih fgsmiletgs quieml flh Mýfing ]ustietivg, hg muih di sumlfifg y
qul pgr tietg, eg sl di mubphifg mge ue rlquisitg iefisplesijhl piri hi prgmlflemii fl hi
ljlmumiýe;
EGQLEG.-Yul, tih mgbg sl pulfl iprlmiir, si jile hi ]ihi Zlvisgri ietlrprlti mgrrlmtibletl
lh irtímuhg bih fgsmiletgs quieml flh Mýfing iegtifg, le lh puetg qul isibihi ih ljlmutifg
nirietl mgbg flufgr mlfifg, tibjiée hg ls qul sl lquivgmi ih mgesiflrir témitibletl qul hi
mgbueimimiýe aldimiletl qul fljl dimlrsl i fimdi plrsgei eg pulfl prgfumirsl jufimiihbletl;
fl tih bgfg qul sl iemurrl le lh lrrgr jurífimg fleuemiifg; situimiýe qul fl mgeagrbifif mge lh
iemisg priblrg flh
irtimuhg trlsmiletgs egvleti y slis flh Mýfing Prgmlsih Mivih, mgefuml i qul lsti ]ihi fl Misimýe
sl prgeuemil sgjrl lh mgeahimtg fl ietlrlsls, mgbg iestiemii fl aihhg; qul virtuf, y itlefilefg qul
lh
I Yug rlsulhtg mge irrlnhg i hly hi mgetrifimmiýe flh ljlmutifg, ésti rlsghumiýe fljl
slr mgeairbifi; i his mgesiflrimigels qul prlmlfle, flmhirirge A\EF I FG, lh rlmursg
ietlrpulstg i agjis miletg gmdleti pgr lh Jiemg îlsl]ufiblris ]gmilfif Ieýeibi Ijilrti; le
mgeslmulemii E\HI, hi rlsghumiýe fl visti fl agjis miletg quieml, su almdi vlietigmdg fl birzg
flh fgs bih trls, imtuiefg le slfl flh iestiemii, MGEA CZ BIZ GE hi iplhifi fl agjis
miletg quieml almdifi lh vlietigmdg fl birzg flh fgs bih trls qul flmhiri CEA\EFIFI
hi lxmlpmiýe flfumifi l CBPZGMLFLEVL hi mgetrimmiýe agrbuhifi; le mgeslmulemii, ]
L GZ FL EI lh rlbitl flh iebuljhl; le hgs slnuifgs pgr lh Jiemg
îlsl]ufiblris]gmilfif Ieýeibi Ijilrti mge Qihhimir Mgestrummigels ]gmilfif Mivih fl
Zlspgesijihifif Hibitifi y gtrgs sgjrl Ljlmumiýe fl Nirietíi Dipgtlmirii; y hgs flvghvilrge.-
ZHIG_BIZEV ]L
IDE\VIC]MVGLJ IE
L]MIZ _I L]MI Z_I
ZGFZCN\L_
L]Y\LMDL
LN \]Y\C_I Z GMI. <9
<9 ]C]VLBI PLZ\IEG FL CEAGZBIMCÝE O\ZÍFCMI. Fispgeijll le
dttp
ttp?//s
//spij.biejus.
us.ngj.pl/MHP/lgnieWjurisp.asp. Qisitafg ll 9: fl Oulig fll :099.
MGEVZIVG] FL ML]CÝE FL FLZLMDG].
9. MGEVZIVG FL ZIVCACMIMCÝE S ML]CÝE FL FLZLMDG].
]LÑGZ EGVIZCG?
]CZQI]L \]VLF LTVLEFLZ LE ]\ ZLNC]VZG FL L]MZCV\ZI] P\JHCMI],
\EI FL ZIVCACMIMCÝE S ML]CGE FL FLZLMDG] , Y\L MLHLJZIE FL \EI
PIZVL?
FGE ALHCT LHCI] MDCZZL LF\IZFG, FL EIMCGEIHCFIF PLZ\IEG,
FL GM\PIMCGE LBPHLIFG, CFLEVCACMIFG MGE FGM\BLEVG EIMCGEIH
FL CFLEVCFIF EZG. 9<41:0=3, FL L]VIFG MCQCH QC\FG, MGE FGBCMCHCG ]
CVG LE
\ZJIEC_IMCGE N\]VIQG VLHHG QLHIZFL BIE_IE I ‘M‒ HGVL :0, FLH
F C]VZCVG FL JIZZIEMI, PZGQCEMCI FL JIZZIEMI S FLPIZVIBLEVG FL
HCBI, I Y\CLE LE IFLHIEVL ]L HL FLEGBCEIZI ‘LH MLFLEVL‒; S FL HI
GVZI PIZVL? FGÑI BIZCI FLH MIZBLE SGZKI MDCZZL PI\MIZ, FL
EIMCGEIHCFIF PLZ\IEI, FL GM\PIMCGE LBPHLIFI, CFLEVCACMIFI MGE
FGM\BLEVG EIMCGEIH FL CFLEVCFIF EZG. 66431=6<, FL L]VIFG MCQCH ]
GHVLZI, MGE FGBCMCHCG ]CVG LE
\ZJIEC_IMCGE N\]VIQG VLHHG QLHIZFL BIE_ IEI ‘M‒ HGVL :0,
FLH FC]VZCVG FL JIZZIEMI, PZGQCEMCI FL JIZZIEMI S FLPIZVIBLEVG
FL HCBI, S FGÑI
\Z]\HI ZGMCG MDCZZL PI\MIZ, FL EIMCGEIHCFIF PLZ\IEI, FL
GM\PIMCGE LBPHLIFI, CFLEVCACMIFI MGE FGM\BLEVG EIMCGEIH FL
CFLEVCFIF EZG. 6046146=, FL L]VIFG MCQCH ]GHVLZI, MGE FGBCMCHCG ]
CVG LE \ZJIEC_IMCGE N\]VIQG VLHHG QLHIZFL BIE_IEI ‘M‒ HGVL : 0, FLH
FC]VZCVG FL JIZZIEMI, PZGQCEMCI FL JIZZIEMI S FLPIZVIBLEVG FL
HCBIY\CLE LE IFLHIEVL ]L HL FLEGBCEIZI ‘HG] ML]CGEIZCG]‒. LE
HG] VLZBCEG] S MGEFCMCGEL]
]CN\CLEVL]?
IEVLMLFLEVL]?
PZCBLZG?
LH MLFLEVL BIECACL]VI DIJLZ ]CFG MGES\NL FL Y\CLE LE QCFI A\L
FGÑI BLZS O\IEI PI\MIZ ZCQLZI, Y\CLE AIHHLMCLZI LH VZL] FL
GMV\JZL FLH FG] BCH FCL_ (0=/90/:090) LE LH DG]PCVIH ZLF
I]C]VLEMCIH ZLJINHCIVC L]]IH\F, VIH MGBG HG IMZLFCVI MGE HI
MGPCI HLNIHC_IFI FLH IMVI FL BIVZCBGECG S IMVI FL FLA\EMCGE, Y\L
\]VLF ]LÑGZ EGVIZCG ]L ]LZQCZÉ CE]LZVIZ LE HI L]MZCV\ZI P\JHCMI
Y\L L]VI BCE\VI GZCNCEL.
]LN\EFG?
BI]LCEBMC]CGBEGI, FIB MIGEECASCL\]NVLI L ]HGIM CBLIFEI_FI HHHII
Y \ L
IF Y \ CZ CG F \ LH Z I E V L H I
H G V L : 0 F EIM G‘ME‒S \FNLI
\ZJIEC_IMCGE FZ. N\]VIQG VLHHG QLZHIFL,, FLH FC]VZCVG FL
JIZIEMI, PZGQCEMCI FL JIZZIEMI, FLPIZVIBLEVG FL HCBI, M\SI IZLI
VGVIH L] FL 9<4.90 B:, (MCLEVG MCEM\LEVI S GMDG BLVZG]
M\IFZIFG] MGE FCL_ MLEVCBLVZG] M\IFZIFG]), M\SG] HCEFLZG] S
BLFCFI] PLZCBLVZCMI] ]GE MGBG I MGEVCE\IMCGE ]L FLVIHHIE?
- PGZ LH AZLEVL? MGE HI MIHHL JLZLECML FIQCHI, BCFL 90.<9 BH.
- PGZ HI FLZLMDI LEVZIEFG? MGE LH HGVL :9, BCFL 96.:0 BH.
- PGZ HI C_Y\CLZFI LEVZIEFG? MGE LH HGVL 93, BCFL 9>.6: BH.
- PGZ LH AGEFG? MGE LH HGVL 94, BCFL 90.00 BH.
FCMDI IFY\C]CMCGE ]L DC_G BLFCIEVL L]MZCV\ZI PßJHCMI FL ALMDI
FCLMCGMDG FL BIZ_G FL BCH EGQLMCLEVG] EGQLEVI S MCEMG (94/0=/933<),
IMHIZIFI BLFCIEVL L]MZCV\ZI FL ALMDI QLCEVCE\LQL FL ]LPVCBLJZL FLH
LGLGM]V BGCZH \HE. G N(9G3E/0_3I/:H0L0_9 ), ZIGB]JIH]L ]G,V GFZLN

IF]I\] IEVL ZECGZVI ZPCGZ GFPLCL JVIZZCGI EMHI
I]GMCIMCGE FL QCQCLEFI FZ. N\]VIQG VLHHG QLHIZFL; L]MZCV\ZI] LE HI]
Y\L ]L GBCVCG ]\ CEVLZQLEMCÝE.
FL HI
ZIVCACMIMCÝE?
VLZMLZG?
BLFCIEVL LH PZL]LEVL, FGE ALHCT LHCI] MDCZZL LF\IZFG, LE ]\
MIHCFIF FL MGES\NL FL FGÑI BLZS O\IEI PI\MIZ ZCQLZI, ZIVCACMI S
IMLPVI, LE VGFG] ]\] VLZBCEG] S MGEFCMCGEL], I IFO\FCMIMCÝE S
IFY\C]CMCGE Y\L
GI AQILQHGIZ FL, HIB LBFLCEIEMVCGLE IFZIL, AHIL ZIL]EGVMLC IMICHG EP FZL FQCGQ CLFELF]IM FZZCV. GN \L]EVI QHGI M
FL FLZLMDG]? M\IZVG?
L]VIEFG I HG BIECAL]VIFG LE HI MHI\]\HI PZCBLZI, LH MLFLEVL, LE

MIHCFIF FL DLZLFLZG FL FGÑI BLZS O\IEI PI\MIZ ZCQLZI, MLFL
]\ FLZLMDG I PIZVCMCPIZ LE LH PIVZCBGECG DLZLFCVIZCG FL HI
BLEMCGEIFI PLZ]GEI, I AIQGZ FL HG] ML]CGEIZCG].
Y\CEVG?
FL MGEAGZBCFIF MGE LH IZVÍM\HG 9:03 FLH MÝFCNG MCQCH, LH
MLFLEVL Y\LFI GJHCNIFG I NIZIEVC_IZ ]\ MIHCFIF FL DLZLFLZG,
BGVCQG PGZ LH M\IH QCLEL VZIBCVIEFG HI MGZZL]PGEFCLEVL
]\ML]CÝE CEVL]VIFI IEVL EGVIZCG FL JIZZIEMI OGZNL DLZEIE
ECLQL] MDLE, JIOG LH KIZFLT E°
F9F:G1Ñ6I4, LBEI ZHICI YF\LH ]MLI JZ\B]LMEI S]GL ZHKLI F

LMMDHCZIZL MPGI\BMGI VZI, HS, OF\GEVÑGI M\GZE] \]H\I] ZDGCOMI]CG,
MDCZZL PI\MIZ, HG] ML]CGEIZCG].
]LTVG?
FLH BC]BG BGFG, LH MLFLEVL, LE MIHCFIF FL PZGPCLVIZCG FLH <0% FL
IMMCGEL] S FLZLMDG] ]GJZL LH PZLFCG FL]MZCVG LE HI MHI\]\HI
]LN\EFI, MLFL HI VGVIHCFIF FL ]\] IMMCGEL] S FLZLMDG] I AIQGZ
FL
HG] ML]CGEIZCG].
]LPVCBG?
MGBG MGE]LM\LEMCI FL HI PZL]LEVL ML]CGE, HG] ML]CGEIZCG]
]L MGE]VCV\SLE LE \ECMG] PZGPCLVIZCG] FLH PZLFCG FL]MZCVG
LE HI MHI\]\HI ]LN\EFI.
PZLMCG S AGZBI FLH
MGEVZIVG? GMVIQG?
L HH P Z L M C G P I M VI F G F M G B \E I M
PP G Z H G ] F L Z L M D G ] ML F CF G ] , I ] Í
\ LZ F G L E V Z L H ] PI Z V L ] M
M G B G P G Z HI ] IM M C G E L ] S
G E V Z I V IE V
F L Z L M D G ] , L] HI ]\BI FL]/. 9=,6>>.00 (VZLML BCH
M\IVZGMCLEVG] ]LVLEVI S ]CLVL S 00/900 E\LQG] ]GHL]), Y\L HG]
ML]CGEIZCG] PINIE I LH MLFLEVL LE LALMVCQG FL HI ]CN\CLEVL
BIELZI?
- ]/. 90,904.00 (FCL_ BCH MCLEVG GMDG S 00/900 E\LQG] ]GHL]) PGZ
HI ML]CGE FLHFLZLMDG I PIZVCMCPIZ LE LH PIVZCBGECG
DLZLFCVIZCGFL FGÑI BLZS O\IEI PI\MIZ ZCQLZI.
- ]/. =,=13.00 (VZL] BCH VZL]MCLEVG] ]L]LEVI S E\LQL S 00/900 E\LQG]
]GHL]) PGZ HI] IMMCGEL] S FLZLMDG] ]GJZL LH PZLFCG
FL]MZCVG LE HI MHI\]\HI ]LN\EFI.
]\BI]Y\L ]LZIE MIEMLHIFG] I HI ACZBI FLHI PZL]LEVL BCE\VI ]CE BI]
MGE]VIEMCI Y\L HI] ACZBI] P\L]VI] LE LH CE]VZ\BLEVG P\JHCMG, ]CLEFG
]\] ACZBI] ]\ACMCLEVL MGE]VIEMCI FL PING S ZLMLPMCGE.
H HI ] P VL ] M G E V Z I VI E VL ] F L O IE M G E ]
\\ V CH C _IZ B L F C G F L P IN G , ] CL E F G H I
V I E M CI Y \ L L ] ] \ Q G H \ E V I F E G
M I E M L H I M CG E L E L A L M V CQ G F L
MGEAGZBCFIF MGE HI HLS E° :4936, S ZLNHIBLEVG FL HG] BLFCG] FL PING
FLMZLVG ]\PZLBG E° 06> ” :006 - LA (LALMVCQG, PGZ GPLZIMCGEL] LE HI]
Y\L EG LTC]VL GJHCNIMCGE FL \VCHC_IZ BLFCG] FL PING MGFCN G 004).
GJHCNIMCGEL] FL ]IELIBCLEVG EGQLEG?
LH MLFLEVL FLMHIZI Y\L ]GJZL HG] FLZLMDG] Y\L MLFL EG
PL]I DCPGVLMI, NZIQIBLE, BLFCFI O\FCMCIH G LTVZIO\FCMCIH Y\L
HCBCVL ]\]
IF LZHLHMGD IGH] ] IFIEL LPIZBGCLPECLVFGI FPG SZ H LCJQZCMLM FCGC]EP

FGL] CHMLCGSE S, QGCJMHCGCN]I GEMF\GH]VLG E]G. GJ]VIEVL
FLMCBG?
HI] PIZVL] MGEVZIVIEVL] FLMHIZIE Y\L LEVZL LH PZLMCG
PIMVIFG S HI] IMMCGEL] S FLZLMDG] Y\L ]L MLFLE LTC]VL HI BI]
O\]VI S PLZALMVI LY\CQIHLEMCI, PGZ HG Y\L FL LTC]VCZ IHN\EI
FCALZLEMCI FL BI] G FL BLEG], ]L DIMLE FL LHHI B\V\I NZIMCI S
ZLMCPZGMI FGEIMCGE.
PING FLH CBP\L]VG PZLFCIH MGZZLPGEFCLEVL IH IÑG LE M\Z]G
FLMCBG PZCBLZG?
]LZI FL M\LEVI S MIZNG FL LH MLFLEVL VGFI] HI] FL\FI]
S GJHCNIMCGEL] Y\L L]V\QCLZIE PLEFCLEVL] DI]VI HI ALMDI FL ACZBI
FLH PZL]LEVL FGM\BLEVG, CEMH\SLEFG LE L]VG] LH PING FLH
CBP\L]VG IH QIHGZ PZLFCIH, ZL]PLMVG FLH CEB\LJHL FL]MZCVG
LE HI MHI\]\HI
]LN\EFI, S GVZG]; S HI] Y\L ]\ZOIE MGE PG]VLZCGZCFIF I HI
H]]G\]] MMZLCP]CMGCGEIEZ FCGL]H. PZL]LEVL FGM\BLEVG ]LZIE FL M\LEVI S MIZNG FL
CEB\LJHL CEIALMVG IH CBP\L]VG FL IHMIJIHI FLMCBG ]LN\EFG?
HI PZL]LEVL ML]CGE FL IMMCGEL] S FLZLMDG] FL]MZCVI LE HI MHI\]\HI
]LTVI, L]VI CEIALMVG IH PING FLH CBP\L]VG FL IHMIJIHI, FL
MGEAGZBCFIF I HG L]VIJHLMCFG LE HI HLS E¿ :>31=, Y\L BGFCACMI LH
IZVCM\HG :< FL HI HLS FL VZCJ\VIMCGE, IPZGJIFG PGZ LH FLMZLVG
HLNC]HIVCQG E¿ >>1, BGFCACMIFG PGZ HI HLS E¿ :>191.
IMMCGEL] S FLZLMDG] EG IALMVG IH CBP\L]VG I HI ZLEVI PGZ ]LN\EFI MIVLNGZCI.
FLMCBG VLZMLZG?
LH MLFLEVL FLMHIZI, Y\L ]GJZL HI] IMMCGEL] S FLZLMDG] FLH
CEB\LJHL BIVLZCI FL HI PZL]LEVL ML]CGE, EG ]L PINI LH CBP\L]VG
I HI ZLEVI,
M G E A G Z BL IH F L M Z LV G ] \P Z L B G
F F LM Z L V G H LN C] H I V CQ G E ° 3 6< , S ] \ I
E ° 0 <6 - 3 3 -L A, ] \ B G F CA CM M C GE P G Z
F LM \ I MC G E F L H C B P \ L ]V G I HI Z L E VI
PGZ FLMZLVG ]\PZLBG E° 041-:006 LA. FLJCFG I Y\L EG LTC]VL
CBP\L]VG Y\L PINIZ, VIH MGBG HG FLMHIZI LE HI MGB\ECMIMCÝE Y\L
\]VLF ]LÑGZ EGVIZCG ]L ]LZQCZÉ CE]LZVIZ LE HI L]MZCV\ZI PßJHCMI
Y\L L]VI BCE\VI GZCNCEI.
MGBPLVLEMCI
O\ZC]FCMMCGEIH FLMCBG
M\IZVG?
IEVL LH CBPZGJIJHL MI]G FLH ]\ZNCBCLEVG FL IHN\E
MGEAHCMVG PZGF\MVG FL HI ]\]MZCPMCGE FLH PZL]LEVL ELNGMCG
O\ZCFCMG IBJI] PIZVL] ]LÑIHIE MGBG ]\] FGBCMCHCG] HG]
CEFCMIFG] LE HI CEVZGF\MMCGE FLH PZL]LEVL FGM\BLEVG, H\NIZL]
FGEFL ]L VLEFZI PGZ QIHCFI] HI] EGVCACMIMCGEL] O\FCMCIHL] G
LTVZIO\FCMCIHL] Y\L D\JCLZIE, S M\IHY\CLZ MIBJCG FGBCMCHCIZCG ]L
GJHCNIE I MGB\ECMIZHG IH GVZG
FBBLL FHCII EEVGLZ MBIIZ ]V\IP EHGLVVIGZZCCIIH..
FLMCBG Y\CEVG?
LE VGFG HG EG PZL]MZCVG PGZ HI] PIZVL] LE LH PZL]LEVL MGEVZIVG ]L
]GBLVLE I HI] EGZBI] FLH MÝFCNG MCQCH S FLBÉ] FLH ]C]VLBI O\ZÍFCMG
Y\L ZL]\HVLE IPHCMIJHL].
NI]VG] EGVIZCIHL] S ZLNC]VZIHL]
FLMCBG ]LTVG?
VGFG] HG] NI]VG] Y\L CZZGN\L HI PZL]LEVL BCE\VI I]C MGBG ]\
PLPH\LJQHICMMGCG]EM GIZ ZL]MPZGCVE\FZCLIE VPL\]J ]HCGMEI FSL

M]I\Z NCEG] MFZLCPHMGC]G EM LL]ECG EHIGZ]C GZ]L. NC]VZG]
INZLN\L \]VLF, ]LÑGZ EGVIZCG HG FL HLS, LTVLEFCLEFI LH
VL]VCBGECG MGZZL]PGEFCLEVL S PI]L HG] PIZVL]
MGZZL]PGEFCLEVL] I HG] ZLNC]VZG] PIZI ]\ CE]MZCPMCGE.
JIZZIEMI, EGQCLBJZL 9< FLH :090.
ALHCT LHCI] MDCZZL LF\IZFG

MLFLEVL
BIZCI FLH MIZBLE SGZKI MDCZZL PI\MIZ \Z]\HI ZGMCG MDCZZL PI\MIZ
ML]CGEIZCG ML]CGEIZCG
:. BGFLHG FL MGEVZIVG FL ML]CÝE FL FLZLMDG].
MGEVZIVG FL ML]CÝE FL FLZLMDG]

Mgestl pgr lh prlsletl fgmubletg lh mgetritg fl mlsiýe fl flrlmdgs qul mlhljrie
fl uei pirtl fge III, ifletiaimifg mge F.E.C. E¿ , fl lstifg mivih sghtlrg y mge
fgbimihig
le ...................., i quile le hg sumlsivg sl flegbieiré LH MLFLEVL; y fl gtri pirtl fge
JJJ, ifletiaimifg mge F.E.C. E¿ ........, fl lstifg mivih sghtlrg y mge fgbimihig le
......................., i quile le hg sumlsivg sl flegbieiré LH ML]CGEIZCG; le hgs térbiegs
mgetleifgs le his mhéusuhis sinuiletls?
IEVLMLFLEVL]?
PZCBLZI.- Mge almdi........ LH MLFLEVL mlhljrý mge fge ............, le hg sumlsivg LH

FL\FGZ, ue mgetritg fl butug le virtuf flh muih lh priblrg letrlný le mihifif
fl préstibg ih slnuefg, hi subi fl ]/. ........ ( y 00/900), piri qul sli flvulhti le
lh
phizg y le hgs flbés térbiegs y mgefimigels pimtifis le lh rlalrifg mgetritg.
]LN\EFI.- LH MLFLEVL flji mgestiemii fl qul i hi almdi fl mlhljrimiýe flh

prlsletl mgetritg, di vlemifg le lxmlsg lh phizg pimtifg piri hi flvghumiýe fl hi
subi butuifi, sie qul LH FL\FGZ diyi mubphifg mge hi rlalrifi flvghumiýe ei diyi
gtgrnifg nirietíi fl mubphibiletg.
VLZMLZI.- Eg gjstietl hi lxinijihifif fl hi gjhinimiýe rlalrifi le his

mhéusuhis ietlrigrls, qul aimuhti i LH MLFLEVL i ljlrmlr his immigels jufimiihls
mgrrlspgefiletls, éstl pgr mgesiflrimigels fl grfle plrsgeih di flmififg mlhljrir lh
prlsletl mgetritg i aie fl mlflr hi tituhirifif sgjrl lh flrlmdg fl mréfitg ietls
blemigeifg piri lh mgjrg fl hi
blemigeifi flufi.
GJOLVG FLH MGEVZIVG?
M\IZVI.- Pgr lh prlsletl mgetritg, LH MLFLEVL triesailrl le aivgr fl

LH ML]CGEIZCG hi tituhirifif sgjrl lh flrlmdg fl mréfitg piri lh mgjrg fl hi flufi
flsmriti le his mhéusuhis priblri y slnuefi fl lstl fgmubletg. LH ML]CGEIZCG, pgr
su pirtl sl gjhini i pinir i LH MLFLEVL hi mgetriprlstimiýe pimtifi le hi
mhéusuhi.........
MIZIMVLZL] FL HI ML]CÝE?
Y\CEVI.- Hi mlsiýe fl hi tituhirifif flh flrlmdg fl mréfitg i qul sl rlailrl hi
mhéusuhi prlmlfletl tilel mirémtlr flaieitivg, pgr hg qul pgr eienúe bgtivg LH
MLFLEVL pgfré ljlrmlr eienuei mhisl fl immigels jufimiihls g lxtrijufimiihls
piri lh mgjrg fl hi subi iflufifi.
]LTVI.- ]l flji mgestiemii fl qul hi mlsiýe fl hi tituhirifif sgjrl lh flrlmdg fl

mréfitg bitlrii fl lstl mgetritg iemhuyl hi aimuhtif piri mgjrir lh mipitih iflufifg, isí
mgbg hgs ietlrlsls y nistgs mgrrlspgefiletls.
]ÉVCBI.- Yulfi letlefifg qul mgbg mgeslmulemii fl hi prlsletl mlsiýe,
LH ML]CGEIZCG qulfi aimuhtifg piri lh ljlrmimig fl tgfis his immigels hlnihls
jufimiihls y lxtrijufimiihls qul lh grfleibiletg jurífimg prlvé, iemhuylefg his blfifis
miutlhirls y fl ljlmumiýe.
BGEVG S AGZBI FL PING FL HI MGEVZIPZL]VIMCÝE?

GMVIQI.- His pirtls fljie lstijhlmifg qul hi prlsletl mlsiýe tilel mirémtlr
gelrgsg, pgr hg qul LH ML]CGEIZCG sl gjhini i pinir i LH MLFLEVL, le
mihifif fl mgetriprlstimiýe, hi subi fl ]/. ......... ( y 00/900 eulvgs sghls);
subi qul sl
miemlhi íetlnribletl le hi almdi fl susmripmiýe flh prlsletl fgmubletg sie
bés mgestiemii qul hi airbi fl his pirtls pulstis le éh.
GJHCNIMCGEL] FLH MLFLEVL?
EGQLEI.- LH MLFLEVL flmhiri qul hi lxistlemii fl hi flufi i qul sl rlailrle

his
imihmérulsfuithifsi sp,r ipbglr rhig qyu ls ilqnuéehf sil, gijshíin im gib ngi
riseut izlixri nyi jrlihisfpigfe, flslr arletmlu lie LtrHi eM Lp]hlCGeiEbIlZeCtGl
le misg qul sl pruljl hg mgetririg.
FÉMCBI.- LH MLFLEVL, isibisbg, sl gjhini i pgelr i fispgsimiýe fl LH

ML]CGEIZCG tgfgs hgs fgmubletgs, blfigs fl prulji l ieagrbimiýe rlhitivgs ih
mréfitg mlfifg, mge lh gjjltg fl qul LH ML]CGEIZCG pulfi ljlrmlr his immigels
mgrrlspgefiletls. LH MLFLEVL y LH ML]CGEIZCG fljlrée mgbueimir his mlsiýe i
LH FL\FGZ pgr hi víi egtiriih.
NI]VG] S VZCJ\VG] FLH MGEVZIVG?

FÉMCBG PZCBLZI.- His pirtls imulrfie qul tgfgs hgs nistgs y trijutgs qul griniel hi
mlhljrimiýe y ljlmumiýe fl lstl mgetritg, slrée isubifgs pgr LH ML]CGEIZCG.
MGBPLVLEMCI VLZZCVGZCIH?
FÉMCBG ]LN\EFI.- Piri lalmtgs fl muihquilr mgetrgvlrsii qul sl nlelrl mge

bgtivg fl hi mlhljrimiýe y ljlmumiýe fl lstl mgetritg, his pirtls sl sgbltle i hi
mgbpltlemii tlrritgriih fl hgs julmls y trijueihls fl ......
FGBCMCHCG?
FÉMCBG VLZMLZI.- Piri hi vihiflz fl tgfis his mgbueimimigels y egtiaimimigels i

his pirtls, mge bgtivg fl hi ljlmumiýe fl lstl mgetritg, ibjis slñihie mgbg sus
rlsplmtivgs fgbimihigs hgs iefimifgs le hi ietrgfummiýe fl lstl fgmubletg. Lh mibjig
fl fgbimihig fl muihquilri fl his pirtls surtiré lalmtg flsfl hi almdi fl mgbueimimiýe
fl fimdg mibjig i hi gtri pirtl, pgr muihquilr blfig lsmritg.
IPHCMIMCÝE ]\PHLVGZCI FL HI HLS?
FÉMCBG M\IZVI.- Le hg eg prlvistg pgr his pirtls le lh prlsletl mgetritg, ibjis

sl sgbltle i hg lstijhlmifg pgr his egrbis flh Mýfing Mivih y flbés flh sistlbi
jurífimg qul rlsuhtle iphimijhls.
Le slñih fl mgeagrbifif his pirtls susmrijle lstl fgmubletg le hi miufif fl ....., i hgs ...
fíis flh bls fl ..... fl ..........
LH MLFLEVL LH ML]CGEIZCG
EGZBI]
IPHCMIJHL]? MÝFCNG
MCQCH?
Irt. 9:01 (Flaieimiýe fl mlsiýe fl flrlmdgs) y ss.

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ML]CÝE FL FLZLMDG]

Irtímuhg 9:01¿.- Mlsiýe fl flrlmdgs.

Hi mlsiýe ls lh imtg fl fispgsimiýe le virtuf flh muih lh mlfletl triesbitl ih mlsigeirig lh

Hi mlsiýe pulfl dimlrsl iue sie lh isletibiletg flh flufgr.

Irtímuhg 9:0>¿.- Agrbihifif fl mlsiýe fl flrlmdgs.

Hi mlsiýe fljl mgestir pgr lsmritg, jijg siemiýe fl euhifif.

Muiefg lh imtg g mgetritg qul mgestituyl lh títuhg fl hi triesalrlemii flh flrlmdg

Irtímuhg 9:04¿.- Flrlmdgs qul pulfle slr mlfifgs.

Pulfle mlflrsl flrlmdgs qul slie bitlrii fl mgetrgvlrsii jufimiih, irjitrih

Irtímuhg 9:03¿.- Mlsiýe flh flrlmdg i pirtimipir le pitribgeig dlrlfitirig.

Vibjiée pulfl mlflrsl lh flrlmdg i pirtimipir le ue pitribgeig dlrlfitirig yi miusifg,

Irtímuhg 9:90¿.- Celaimimii fl hi Mlsiýe.

Hi mlsiýe eg pulfl lalmtuirsl muiefg sl gpgel i hi hly, i hi eiturihlzi fl hi

Lh pimtg pgr lh qul sl prgdíjl g rlstrienl hi mlsiýe ls gpgeijhl ih mlsigeirig fl julei

Irtímuhg 9:99¿.- Lxtlesiýe fl hi mlsiýe fl flrlmdgs.

Hi mlsiýe fl flrlmdgs mgbprlefl hi triesbisiýe ih mlsigeirig fl hgs privihlnigs,

Le lh misg fl ue jile fifg le prlefi, fljl slr letrlnifg ih mlsigeirig si lstuvilsl le

Irtímuhg 9:9:¿.- Nirietíi flh flrlmdg mlfifg.

Irtímuhg 9:9=¿.- Nirietíi fl hi sghvlemii flh flufgr

Lh mlfletl eg lsté gjhinifg i nirietizir hi sghvlemii flh flufgr, plrg si hg

Irtímuhg 9:96¿.- Mlsiýe hlnih? Lalmtgs.

Muiefg hi mlsiýe gplri pgr bieistlrig fl hi hly, lh mlfletl eg rlspgefl fl su rlihifif,

Irtímuhg 9:9<¿.- Ceimig fl hgs lalmtgs fl hi mlsiýe.

Irtímuhg 9:91¿.- Lxmlpmiýe fl hi hijlrimiýe flh flufgr pgr mubphibiletg fl

Irtímuhg 9:9>¿.- Prlhimiýe le hi mgemurrlemii fl mlsigeirigs.

Irtímuhg 9:01¿.- Flaieimiýe.

 Piri FCL_-PCMI_G, Huis & NIHHÝE, Ietgeig?

‘Hi Mlsiýe fl Mréfitgs ls hi triesbisiýe pgr lh imrllfgr fl hi tituhirifif fl

‘Dijré mlsiýe fl mréfitg, muiefg uei fl his pirtls sl gjhinul i triesalrir i hi

 Vibjiée D. Nustivg Pihimig?

Plrú. 6° lficiýe. :00:. Pán. 931.

 Piri Alhipl Gstlrhien

hlml qul, pgr hi mlsiýe, lh mlfletl eg sl gjhini i triesalrir hi

 Piri Alhipl Gstlrhien y Birig Mistihhg?

‘Lh imtg fl mlsiýe eg vi i sineiaimir, fl bgfg ihnueg, hi bgfiaimimiýe g

Mlsiýe fl flrlmdgs (Vrisbisiýe flh hifg imtivg)

‘Hi mlsiýe fl flrlmdgs ls hi trisbisiýe qul diml lh mrllfgr (mlfletl) fl su

Irtímuhg 9:0>¿.- Agrbi fl hi mlsiýe.

 Piri IHVLZCEC, Itihig Ieíjih, IBLIH, Gsmir Ogsé y HÝPL_ MIJIEI,

pmpugiferéf gf lebg grsltvriisrtsil hirl amgurbrilie pfrgl sim rpitriu ljjiijg

IZVÍM\HG 9:04¿.- Mlsiýe fl flrlmdgs.

Plrú. 6° lficiýe. :00:. Pán. 934.

P\LFL MLFLZ]L FLZLMDG]

BIVLZCI FL MGEVZGQLZ]CI IFBCEC]VZIVCQI.

 Piri FCL_-PCMI_G, Huis & N\HHGE, Ietgeig

Mlsiýe fl mréfitgs hitinigsgs.- Iue muiefg, pgr hg nlelrih, lh mréfitg

rllaciýe gjlinatgria, cgetratgs le lsplcial, cuasi cgetratgs, leriqulcibiletg sie causa

Irtímuhg 9:03¿.- Mlsiýe flh flrlmdg fl pirtimipimiýe.

mmLgh bppiutrlibstge isgý hdgl rplgfri tirqigu lshhlirsíi tituehi rsifuijfmlgse

Irtímuhg 9:90¿.- Celaimimii fl hi mlsiýe.

M\IEFG IH PIMVG MGE LH FL\FGZ.

 Piri IHVLZCEC, Itihig Ieíjih, IBLIH, Gsmir Ogsé y HÝPL_ MIJIEI,

9. Muiefg blfii ‘prgdijimiýe lxprlsi g ibphímiti fl hi hly‒ g flh ‘títuhg bisbg

Lfitgrial Pallstra. Hiba? Plrú. 9° lficiýe. :004. Pán. 693

‘Hi mlsiýe eg pulfl lalmtuisl muiefg sl gpgel i hi hly, i hi eiturihlzi fl hi gjhinimiýe

Muiefg sl gpgeni i egrbi hlnih fl mirémtlr ibplritivg g

Piri lh iutgr lspiñgh sge mréfitgs lstrimtibletl plrsgeihls? ‘Iqulhhgs qul sl

Irtímuhg 44:°.- Eg sl pulfl lstijhlmlrmgetrimtuihbletl hi prgdijimiýe fl

Irtímuhg 9:99¿.- Ébjitg fl hi mlsiýe.

 Piri FCL_-PCMI_G, Huis & N\HHGE, Ietgeig? ‘Lh gjjltg fl hi mlsiýe ls

:099. Pán. :31-:3>.

Hi egrbitivi fl hi mlsiýe fl mréfitg ls iphimijhl i hi triesbisiýe fl flrlmdgs y