UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE INGENIERÍA

Facultad de Ingeniería Química y Textil

Departamento Académico de Ingeniería Química
Cinética química y diseño de reactores I (PI225A)

DISEÑO DE REACTORES ISOTÉRMICOS

La reacción entre el amoníaco (A) y el formaldehído (B) para producir

hexametilentetramina (C) se muestra a continuación:

4A + 6B → C + 6D

La cinética de reacción se expresa con las siguientes ecuaciones:

rA = -4k.A.B^2 rB = -6k.A.B^2

Realizando el balance de moles por cada componente, tenemos lo siguiente:

A = Ao.(1 - xA) B = Bo - 1,5.Ao.xA

a. El volumen de 1 CSTR.
3
Ao ≔ 1 ⋅ ――― Bo ≔ 3 ――― F ≔ 1 ⋅ ―― T ≔ 20 xA ≔ 0.9
10 -3 3 10 -3 3
-3090.
―――― 2
T
A ≔ Ao ⋅ ⎛⎝1 - xA⎞⎠ B ≔ Bo - 1.5 ⋅ Ao ⋅ xA k ≔ 1420 ⋅ ⋅ ―――
2

Ao - A 3
τCSTR ≔ ―――― = 22 VCSTR ≔ F ⋅ τCSTR ∴ VCSTR = 22
4 ⋅ k ⋅ A ⋅ B2

b. El volumen de 1 PFR.
A
⌠ 1
τPFR ≔ ⎮ ―――――――――― d A = 3.8 VPFR ≔ F ⋅ τPFR
⎮ -4 ⋅ k ⋅ A ⋅ ⎛B - 1.5 ⋅ ⎛A - A⎞⎞ 2
⌡ ⎝ o ⎝ o ⎠⎠ 3
Ao ∴ VPFR = 4

c. El volumen mínimo de 2 CSTR en serie.

Ao - A1 A1 - A
τ1 ⎛⎝A1⎞⎠ ≔ ―――――――――― 2
τ 2
⎛⎝A1⎞⎠ ≔ ―――――――――
2
4 ⋅ k ⋅ A1 ⋅ ⎛⎝Bo - 1.5 ⋅ ⎛⎝Ao - A1⎞⎠⎞⎠ 4 ⋅ k ⋅ A ⋅ ⎛⎝Bo - 1.5 ⋅ ⎛⎝Ao - A⎞⎠⎞⎠

d ⎛ ⎞
f ⎛⎝A1⎞⎠ ≔ ―― ⎛⎝τ1 ⎛⎝A1⎞⎠ + τ2 ⎛⎝A1⎞⎠⎞⎠ A1 ≔ ⎜f ⎛⎝A1⎞⎠ , A1 , 0.2 ――, 0.4 ――
⎟ = 0.307 ――
dA1 ⎝ ⎠

τ1 ⎛⎝A1⎞⎠ = 3.9 τ2 ⎛⎝A1⎞⎠ = 5.1 V1 ≔ F ⋅ τ1 ⎛⎝A1⎞⎠ V2 ≔ F ⋅ τ2 ⎛⎝A1⎞⎠

3 3
∴ V1 = 4 V2 = 5

Ing. Marcos Surco Álvarez

Creado con PTC Mathcad Express. Consulte www.mathcad.com para obtener más información.
UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE INGENIERÍA
Facultad de Ingeniería Química y Textil
Departamento Académico de Ingeniería Química
Cinética química y diseño de reactores I (PI225A)

d. El volumen 2 CSTR idénticos en serie.

⎛ ⎞
g ⎛⎝A1⎞⎠ ≔ τ1 ⎛⎝A1⎞⎠ - τ2 ⎛⎝A1⎞⎠ A1 ≔ ⎜g ⎛⎝A1⎞⎠ , A1 , 0.2 ――, 0.6 ――
⎟ = 0.284 ――
⎝ ⎠

τ1 ⎛⎝A1⎞⎠ = 4.5 τ2 ⎛⎝A1⎞⎠ = 4.5 V1 ≔ F ⋅ τ1 ⎛⎝A1⎞⎠ V2 ≔ F ⋅ τ2 ⎛⎝A1⎞⎠

3 3
∴ V1 = 5 V2 = 5

e. El volumen de 1 CSTR y 1 PFR idénticos en serie.

Primer caso: Consideramos primero el reactor tipo CSTR.

A
Ao - A1 ⌠ 1
τ1 ⎛⎝A1⎞⎠ ≔ ―――――――――― 2
τ ⎛ A
2 ⎝ 1⎠
⎞ ≔ ⎮ ――――――――――
2
dA
4 ⋅ k ⋅ A1 ⋅ ⎛⎝Bo - 1.5 ⋅ ⎛⎝Ao - A1⎞⎠⎞⎠ ⎮ -4 ⋅ k ⋅ A ⋅ ⎛⎝Bo - 1.5 ⋅ ⎛⎝Ao - A⎞⎠⎞⎠
⌡
A1

⎛ ⎞
h ⎛⎝A1⎞⎠ ≔ τ1 ⎛⎝A1⎞⎠ - τ2 ⎛⎝A1⎞⎠ A1 ≔ ⎜h ⎛⎝A1⎞⎠ , A1 , 0.2 ――, 0.6 ――
⎟ = 0.37 ――
⎝ ⎠

τ1 ⎛⎝A1⎞⎠ = 2.7 τ2 ⎛⎝A1⎞⎠ = 2.7 V1 ≔ F ⋅ τ1 ⎛⎝A1⎞⎠ V2 ≔ F ⋅ τ2 ⎛⎝A1⎞⎠

3 3
∴ V1 = 3 V2 = 3

Segundo caso: Consideramos primero el reactor tipo PFR.

A1
⌠ 1 A1 - A
τ1 ⎛⎝A1⎞⎠ ≔ ⎮ ―――――――――― dA τ2 ⎛⎝A1⎞⎠ ≔ ―――――――――
⎮ -4 ⋅ k ⋅ A ⋅ ⎛B - 1.5 ⋅ ⎛A - A⎞⎞ 2 4 ⋅ k ⋅ A ⋅ ⎛⎝Bo - 1.5 ⋅ ⎛⎝Ao - A⎞⎠⎞⎠
2

⌡ ⎝ o ⎝ o ⎠⎠
Ao

⎛ ⎞
n ⎛⎝A1⎞⎠ ≔ τ1 ⎛⎝A1⎞⎠ - τ2 ⎛⎝A1⎞⎠ A1 ≔ ⎜n ⎛⎝A1⎞⎠ , A1 , 0.1 ――, 0.6 ――
⎟ = 0.195 ――
⎝ ⎠

τ1 ⎛⎝A1⎞⎠ = 2.3 τ2 ⎛⎝A1⎞⎠ = 2.3 V1 ≔ F ⋅ τ1 ⎛⎝A1⎞⎠ V2 ≔ F ⋅ τ2 ⎛⎝A1⎞⎠

3 3
∴ V1 = 2 V2 = 2

Ing. Marcos Surco Álvarez

Creado con PTC Mathcad Express. Consulte www.mathcad.com para obtener más información.