inkluziuri ganaTleba

cnebebi
da
terminebi

2011
cnobari moamzada

TaTia paWkoriam erovnuli saswavlo gegmebisa da Sefasebis

centris inkluziuri ganaTlebis koordinatori

saredaqcio kolegia:

naTia joxaZe  erovnuli saswavlo gegmebisa da Sefasebis

centris direqtori
mzia wereTeli erovnuli saswavlo gegmebisa da Sefasebis centris
erovnuli Sefasebebis, kvlevebisa da analizis
sammarTvelos ufrosi
Jana kvaWaZe  eqspert-konsultanti
ana laRiZe  eqspert-konsultanti
TinaTin WinWarauli  eqspert-konsultanti

madloba TanamSromlobisaTvis

medea kakaCias  USAID (amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saerTaSoriso

ganviTarebis saagento)
naTia deisaZes Save the Children in Georgia (`gadavarCinoT bavSvebi~-is
warmomadgenloba saqarTveloSi)

mxatvar-dizaineri buba oCiauri

redaqtori-stilisti manana miqelaZe

ISBN 978-9941-0-2999-8

UDC(uak):37(038)+
+81'374.26:37=3531
+37.01
i_59
 sarCevi

winaTqma ....................................................................................... 5

Tavi I.
swavlasa da swavlebasTan dakavSirebuli cnebebi,
terminebi da Teoriebi ................................................................... 6

Tavi II.
samedicino terminebi, diagnozebi da cnebebi . ............... 44

Tavi III.
swavlisa da swavlebis damxmare teqnologiebi . ............ 64

Tavi IV.
konvenciebi, deklaraciebi, rekomendaciebi .................... 69
 winaTqma

inkluziuri ganaTleba aris saganmanaTleblo midgoma da

idea, romlis farglebSic ganaTlebis sistema uzrunvelyofs
yvela bavSvis Tu mozardis xarisxian ganaTlebas zogadsagan­
manaTleblo dawesebulebebSi imis miuxedavad, Tu ra fizikuri,
SemecnebiTi, socialuri, emociuri, lingvisturi, eTnikuri, Tu
sxva maxasiaTebeli gaaCniaT.
winamdebare cnobarSi warmodgenilia inkluziur da speci­
alur ganaTlebasTan dakavSirebuli ZiriTadi termine­bis da
cnebebis ganmartebebi. terminebi mocemulia qarTul da ingli­
sur enebze. es terminebi Seexeba swavlebasa da swav­las, bavS­
vis ganviTarebas. leqsikoni gankuTvnilia maswavleblebisTvis,
peda­gogebisa da aRmzrdelebisTvis, sko­lis administraciisTvis
da mSoblebisTvis. cnobari daexma­re­ba ganaTlebis specialis­
tebs, studentebs, ganaTlebis fsi­qologebsa da ganaTlebis
dargSi momuSave sxva profesiis adamianebs.
cnobarSi inkluziuri ganaTlebis cnebebi da terminebi
Tematurad aris mocemuli da yoveli Temis farglebSi anbanis
mixedviT aris dalagebuli. cnobarSi xuTi ZiriTadi Temaa Se­
suli:
1. inkluziur da specialur swavlasa da swavlebasTan
dakavSirebuli cnebebi da terminebi;
2. inkluziur ganaTlebasTan dakavSirebuli samedici­no
terminebi, diagnozebi da cnebebi;
3. swavlisa da swavlebis damxmare teqnologiebi;
4. saerTaSoriso konvenciebi da inkluziuri ganaT­le­bis
samarTlebrivi CarCo;
5. inkluziuri da specialuri ganaTlebis resursebis sa­
sargeblo eleqtronuli gverdebis misamarTebi maTze
ganTavsebuli informaciis mokle aRweriT;
cnobari aseve moicavs im organizaciebis sias, romelebic
specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebebis mqone bavSvebis ga­
naTlebis sakiTxebze muSaoben.

5
 Tavi I
swavlasa da swavlebasTAn dakavSirebuli
cnebebi, terminebi da Teoriebi

abstraqtuli azrovneba (Abstract thinking) _ azrovnebis saxe,

romelic ar iTvaliswinebs princips „aq da amJamad“, ar­
sebul movlenebs da sagnebs da xasiaTdeba cnebebiTa da
ganzogadebiT. ideebis Tvisebebis ganxilva Tu cnebebs
Soris mimarTebebis gaazreba obieqtebis uSualod arse­
bobis gareSe xdeba. magaliTad, sididis, silamazis cne­
bebis gaazreba konkretuli didi da lamazi obieqtebis
ganxilvis gareSe. abstraqtuli azrovnebis sapirispiro
cnebaa konkretuli azrovneba.
adaptirebuli fizikuri aRzrda (Adapted physical education)
_ fizikuri aRzrdis programa, romelic morgebulia da
maqsimalurad iTvaliswinebs SezRuduli SesaZeblobebis
mqone moswavleebis saWiroebebs; adaptirebuli fizikuri
aRzrdis mizania moswavleTa fizikuri janmrTelobisa
da motoruli funqciebis _ moqnilobis, koordinaciis,
msxvili da natifi motoruli unarebis ganviTareba.
adapturi funqcionireba (Adaptive functioning) _ socialuri
da praqtikuli unar-Cvevebi, romelic gare samyarosTan
urTierTobisTvis aris aucilebeli da yoveldRiur
cxovrebaSi adamianis funqcionirebis adekvaturebas uz­
runvelyofs.
adekvaturi /Sesabamisi ganaTleba (Appropriate education) _
yvela bavSvis individualur saganmanaTleblo saWiroe­
bebsa da SesaZleblobebze morgebuli ganaTleba. adekva­

6
 turi ganaTleba efuZneba moswavleTa SesaZleblobebis,

a
swavlis unaris ganviTarebis, miRwevebis sistematur ped­
agogiur Sefasebas da adaptirebuli programebis, sxva­
dasxva damxmare TvalsaCino masalis Tu teqnologiebis
gamoyenebas.
adreuli skriningi da identifikacia (Early Screening and

Tavi I
Identification) _ bavSvis ganviTarebis darRvevis an daava­
debis rac SeiZleba adreul etapze aRmoCena da dadgena.
akademiuri moswreba (Academic achievements) _ saswavlo pro­
cesis sxvadasxva etapze moswavleTa mier konkretul sag­
nebSi miRebuli codnis jamuri Sefaseba sagnobrivi pro­
gramebiT gaTvaliswinebuli moTxovnebis Sesabamisad.

swavlasa da swavlebasTAn dakavSirebuli

analizi (Analysis) _ azrovnebis operacia, romlis saSuale­
biTac adamiani cnobierebaSi aRqmuli movlenis calke

cnebebi, terminebi da Teoriebi

nawilebs, mxareebsa da Tvisebebs gamoyofs.
analitikuri meTodi an stili (Analytical mode or style) _
nebismieri problemis an davalebis mcire komponentebad,
Semadgenel nawilebad dayofa da misi Rrma analizi.
aradiskriminaciuli Sefaseba (Nondiscriminatory evaluation)
_ uklebliv yvela moswavlisTvis swavlis Tanabari piro­
bebis uzrunvelyofa da Sesabamisi Sefaseba miuxedavad
maTi religiuri, rasobrivi, sqesobrivi da socialuri
warmoSobisa Tu SesaZleblobebisa.
araverbaluri komunikacia (Nonverbal communication) _ ko­
munikacia iseTi araverbaluri saSualebebis gamoyenebiT,
rogoricaa sa­xis gamometyveleba (mimika), Jestebi, sxeu­
lis poza, Sexeba da sxva.
araformaluri ganaTleba (Non-Formal Education)_ nebismieri
dagegmili, mizanmimarTuli da nebayofilobiTi pro­
grama, romelic formaluri saswavlo garemos farglebs
scildeba. araformaluri ganaTlebis programis mizania
moswavlis SesaZleblobebisa da unarebis farTo speqt­

7
 inkluziuri ganaTleba cnebebi da terminebi

ris ganviTareba da sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis kompeten­

ciebis mopoveba.
artTerapia (Art therapy) _ Terapiuli miznebisTvis xelov­
nebis sxvadasxva formis ( mag., xatva, Zerwva, drama da
a.S.) gamoyeneba.
artikulacia (Articulation) _ xmis iogebis saSualebiT samet­
yvelo bgerebis, sityvebis, winadadebebis mkafiod war­
moTqma.
asertuloba (Assertiveness) _ socialuri unar-Cveva, rome­
lic gulisxmobs sxvebTan urTierTobisas sakuTari
uflebebis dacvas da sakuTar azrebs, fiqrebsa Tu sur­
vilebs pirdapiri, magram araagresiuli gziT gamoxatavs.
afeqturi (Affective) _ dakavSirebulia emociebTan, grZno­
bebTan, damokidebulebasTan.
aqselirebuli /igive kompaqturi/ programebi (Accelerated
programs) _ moswavlis mier im saswavlo masalis daCqa­
rebulad gavla, rasac misi Tanatolebi ufro xangrZli­
vi drois monakveTSi gadian, anu Cveulebrivi saswavlo
programis drois ufro mokle monakveTSi dasruleba. am
meTods niWieri bavSvebis swavlebis dros mimarTaven (ix.
niWieri bavSvebi).
aRqma (Perception) _ grZnobis organoebiT (SegrZnebiT) miRebu­
li stimulebis/informaciis gagebis, Semecnebis procesi.

bageebidan amokiTxva (Lip reading) _ metyvelebis gagebis teq­

nika piris, tuCebisa da enis moZraobebis mxedvelobiT
interpretaciis gziT.
bavSvis adreuli ganaTleba (Early child education) _ rva
wlamde asakis bavSvebis swavlebis saganmanaTleblo pro­
gramebi.

8
 a b g
bgera (Sound) _ drekadi garemos nawilakebis rxeva, romelic
talRebad vrceldeba airisebr, Txevad da myar garemoSi.
bgeris fizikuri cneba ar Semoifargleba mxolod adami­
anis mier gagonili bgerebiT. adamiani SeigrZnobs 16-dan
20000 hc-mde sixSiris bgerebs, ufro dabali an maRali
bgerebi ki adamianis smenis miRma rCeba. 16 hercze dabal

Tavi I
bgerebs infrabgera ewodeba, 20000 hercze maRali six­
Sirisas ultrabgera.
bgeris intesivoba (Sound intensity) _ bgeris sididea. inten­
sivoba dakavSirebulia xmauris aRqmasTan da izomeba
decibalebiT.
bgeris sixSire (Sound frequency) _ vibraciis siCqare; dakav­

swavlasa da swavlebasTAn dakavSirebuli

Sirebulia bgeris simaRlis aRqmasTan. sixSire hercebiT
izomeba.

cnebebi, terminebi da Teoriebi

bilingvuri ganaTleba (Bilingual Education) _ qarTulenovan
ganaT­lebis sistemaSi, araqarTulenovani moswavleebis ga­
naTleba rogorc maT mSobliur enaze, aseve qarTul enaze.

gakveTilis gegma (Lesson plan) _ maswavleblis mier Sedgenili

yoveli konkretuli gakveTilis saswavlo instruqciebi,
rutinis da procedurebis detaluri aRweriloba.
gamamdidrebeli (damatebiTi) programebi (Enrichment pro-
grams) _ saswavlo programis gamdidreba damatebiTi mra­
valferovani masaliT moswavlis codnis gafarTovebis
mizniT.
ganzogadeba (Generalization) _ erT konkretul situaciaSi
nas­wavli unar-Cvevebis an qcevis gamoyeneba sxva an msgavs
situaciaSi.
ganmaviTarebeli kiTxva (Developmental reading) _ sistematu­
ri, mizanmimarTuli varjiSi kiTxvis unar-Cvevebis ganviTa­

9
 inkluziuri ganaTleba cnebebi da terminebi

rebisTvis, kiTxvis sxvadasxva strategiebis gamoyenebiT.

ganmaviTarebeli kiTxva aseve gulisxmobs savarjiSoebs
werasa da warmoTqmaSi.
garemo faqtorebi (Environmental factors) _ garemoSi arsebu­
li faqtorebi da stimulebi, romelic gavlenas axdens
ad­amianze, mis qcevasa Tu fsiqikur mdgomareobaze. gare­
mo faqtorebi SeiZleba iyos pozitiuri (dawinaureba
samsaxurSi, sportuli darbazi saxlTan axlos da a.S.),
negatiuri (siRaribe, miwisZvra) da neitraluri (individ­
ualuria yoveli adamianisTvis).
gafantuloba (Distractibility) _ yuradRebis koncentrirebis
problema, romelic vlindeba gonebis swraf gadarTvaSi
sxvadasxva umniSvnelo da aralogikur movlenebze.

dabali akademiuri moswrebis mqone moswavle (Underachiever)

_ moswavle, romelic cudad swavlobs da iRebs dabal
Sefasebas miuxedavad misi gonebriv da inteleqtualuri
SesaZleblobebisa.
davalebis analizi (Task analysis) _ mos­wavlesTan erTad
konk­retuli davalebis detalurad ganxilvis meTodi,
romelic gansazRvravs am davalebis Semadgenel element­
ebs da misi SesrulebisTvis aucile­bel etapebs.
dakvirvebiT swavla, socialuri swavla, modelireba (Obser-
vational learning, Vicarious learning, Social learning, Model-
ing) _ swavla sxvaTa qcevaze dakvirvebis gziT (ix. mode­
lireba).
damatebiTi individualuri muSaoba _ erovnuli da saskolo
saswavlo gegmebiT dadgenili gakveTilebis (saaTebis)
Semdeg maswavleblis damatebiTi muSaoba.

10
 g d
daxmarebis ierarqia (Prompt hierarchy) _ swavlasa da axali
unar-Cvevebis aTvisebis procesSi gamoyenebuli damx­
mare stimulebisa da da damatebiTi miniSnebebis sistema;
mag. yovel gakveTilze moswavlisTvis saSinao davalebis
Caweris Sexseneba an moswavlisTvis damxmare SekiTxvebis
dasma gakveTilis Txrobis procesSi. saswavli qcevisa

Tavi I
Tu Cvevis aTvisebis progresis Sesabamisad, daxmarebis
intensivoba da sixSire TandaTanobiT mcirdeba daxmare­
bebis srul gaqrobamde.
dekodireba /gaSifrva kiTxvis dros (Word decoding) _ asoe­
bis (grafikuli xati) bgerebTan (akustikuri xati) dakav­
Sirebis unari, romelic individs saSualebas aZlevs swo­

swavlasa da swavlebasTAn dakavSirebuli

rad warmoTqvas nabeWdi (naweri) aso an sityva. asoebsa da
bgerebs Soris mimarTebebis codna bavSvebs saSualebas

cnebebi, terminebi da Teoriebi

aZlevs swrafad amoicnon nacnobi sityvebi da sworad
amoikiTxon ucnobi sityvebi.
droebiTi damxmare klasebi (Temporary Support Classes) _
moswavleTa saganmanaTleblo saWiroebebis Sesabamisad,
droebiT Seqmnili damxmare klasebi, sadac moswavle­
ebs SesaZlebloba eZlevaT daZlion swavlis procesSi an
konkretul saganSi warmoqmnili sirTuleebi.
diferencialuri ganmtkiceba (Differential reinforcement) _
ganmtkicebis saxe, romlis drosac xdeba misaRebi qce­
vis ganmtkiceba da problemuri qcevis ignorireba. dife­
rencialuri ganmtkiceba exmareba moswavles, ganasxvavos
sasurveli qceva arasasurveli qcevisgan da ganaviTaros
misaRebi qceva.

11
 inkluziuri ganaTleba cnebebi da terminebi

enis gamartivebuli modeli (Language simple model) _ cnebebi­

sa da movlenebis zedmiwevniT konkretuli ganmartebebi
Tavisufali yovelgvari zedmeti sityvisgan. gamoiyeneba
bavSvebTan, romelTac metyvelebisa da enis aTvisebis
problemebi aqvT.
enis modelirebis meTodebi (Luaguage modelling methods) _
bavSvis fsiqikuri ganviTarebis darRvevis dros, moswav­
leebTan urTierTobisas warmatebiT gamoyenebuli meTo­
debi (ix. enis gamdidrebuli modeli, enis martivi modeli).
erovnuli saswavlo gegma (National curriculum) _ erovnuli
saswavlo gegmiT ganisazRvreba TiToeuli klasis an
safexuris miznebi da maTi dasrulebisTvis misaRwevi
Sedegebi. erovnuli saswavlo gegma iTvaliswinebs, modi­
ficirebul saswavlo gegmebs specialuri saganmanaTle­
blo saWiroebis mqone moswavleebisTvis. zogadi ganaT­
lebis safexurebis mixedviT ganisazRvreba aucilebeli
sagnebi, sagnobrivi jgufebi, saswavlo saaTebis raode­
noba, maTi ganawileba da Tanafardoba. aseve, saswavlo
garemos organizebis pirobebi da rekomendaciebi.

validuroba (Validity) _ testis sandoobis erT-erTi maCvene­

beli, romelic asaxavs testis adekvaturobas (Sesabam­
isoba) gasazomi sferos mimarT. (ramdenad zomavs testi
imas, ris gasazomadac aris Sedgenili).
vizualuri aRqma da diferencireba (Visual_perception and
discrimination) _ vizualuri stimulebis amocnobisa da
diferencirebis, danaxulis aRqmis unari.

12
 e v T
vizualur_motoruli integracia (Visual_motor integration)
_ vizualuri stimulebisa da motoruli reaqciis zusti
da Sesabamisi formiT dakavSireba.
vizualur_motoruli integraciuli Terapia (Visual_mo-
tor itegration therapy) _ zogadi koordinaciis, balansis,
xeli-Tvali koordinaciis, Tvalis moZraobis, formebis

Tavi I
amocnobisa da mxedvelobiTi mexsierebis gaumjobesebaze
mimarTuli Terapia.
veqsleris testi WISC (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children
IV) _ veqsleris testi, IV gamocema (WISC-IV, Wechsler
Intelligence Scale for Children _ IV) _ inteleqtis standar­
tizebuli sazomi bavSvebSi. gamoiyeneba kognituri fun­
qciebis Sesafaseblad; iZleva verbaluri, araverbaluri

swavlasa da swavlebasTAn dakavSirebuli

da sruli inteleqtis koeficientebis gamoyvanis Sesa­
Zleblobas.

cnebebi, terminebi da Teoriebi

T

Tavidan aridebis qceva (Avoidance behavior) _ individis mier

ganxorcielebuli qceva, romlis mizania arasasurveli
stimulis/gamRizianeblis Tavidan acileba an droSi ga­
davadeba.
TamaSis Terapia (Play theraphy) _ erT-erTi fsiqoTerapiuli
meTodi, romelic exmareba bavSvs da mozards gaumklavdes
gaurkvevel uaryofiT SegrZnebebsa da matravmirebel
movlenebs.
TanatolTa mxardaWera swavlaSi (Peer tutoring) _ Tanato­
lebis, Tanaklaselebis mier erTmaneTis an specialuri
saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone moswavlis daxmareba
saswavlo davalebis SesrulebaSi, an sxva aqtivobaSi.
Tvali_xelis koordinacia (Eye_Hand coordination) _ Tvalis
moZraobis xelis moZraobasTan kombinirebis unari. mxed­
velobis saSualebiT xelebis moZraobis kontroli.

13
 inkluziuri ganaTleba cnebebi da terminebi

TviT_mastimulirebeli qceva (Self_ stimulatory behavior) _

gan­­meorebadi, stereotipuli, funqciurad damoukidebe­
li qceva, rogoricaa rweva, xelis an mklavis qneva, Tva­
lis sresa da a.S.
TviTSefaseba (Self_esteem) _ indiivdis mier sakuTari Tavis
da sakuTari Rirebulebis Sesaxeb arsebuli warmodgena,
sakuTari unarebis da SesaZleblobebis Sefaseba.

individualuri saswavlo gegma (Individual educational plan) _

werilobiTi dokumenti, Sedgenili specialuri saganmana­
Tleblo saWiroebebis mqone moswavlee­bisTvis. eyrdnoba
erovnul saswavlo gegmas da iTvaliswinebs moswavlis
yvela saganmanaTleblo saWiroebas, am saWiroebis dak­
mayofilebis gzebsa da yvela damatebiT aqtivobas, ro­
melic aucilebelia gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli miznebis
misaRwevad.
individualuri saswavlo gegmis gadaxedva (Revision of indi-
vidual educational plan) _ isg-s gadaxedvis mizania, miRebu­
li gamocdilebis safuZvelze axali saswavlo miznebisa
da ganxorcielebadi aqtivobebis gansazRvra moswavlis
warmatebebis, warumateblobebis, SesaZleblobebisa da
sa­Wiroebebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
individualuri saswavlo gegmis (isg) grZelvadiani mizani
(IEP Long_term goal) _ mizani, romelsac isg-is gundis
wev­rebi SeTanxmebulad ayalibeben da romelsac unda m­i­
aRwios moswavlem isg-Ti winaswar gansazRvruli perio­
dis ganmavlobaSi.
individualuri saswavlo gegmis (isg) moklevadiani miznebi
(IEP Short_term goals) _ safexurebi grZelvadiani miznebi­

14
 T i
sken. (ix. grZelva diani miznebi).Tavis mxriv, moklevadi­
ani miznebic Sedgeba safexurebisgan, kidev ufro patara
miznebisgan, romelsac ufro mcire droiTi intervali
sWirdeba da mkveTrad gansazRvruli TanmimdevrobiT
lagdeba martividan rTulisken.
inkluziuri ganaTleba (Inclusive education) _ aris saganmana­

Tavi I
Tleblo midgoma da idea, romlis farglebSic ganaTlebis
sistema uzrunvelyofs yvela bavSvis Tu mo­zardis xaris­
xian ganaTlebas zogadsaganmanaTleblo da­­wesebulebebSi
imis miuxedavad, Tu ra fizikuri, Semec­nebiTi, socialu­
ri, emociuri, lingvisturi, eTnikuri, rasobrivi, reli­
giuri, sqesobrivi Tu sxva maxasiaTebeli gaaCniaT.

swavlasa da swavlebasTAn dakavSirebuli

inkluziuri ganaTlebasTan dakavSirebuli momsaxureba (In-
clusive Education Related Services) _ yvela tipis momsaxu­

cnebebi, terminebi da Teoriebi

reba, romelic specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiiroe­
bis mqone bavSvs daexmareba swavlasa da adaptaciaSi da
moicavs fsiqologiuri, logopeduri, fizikuri, satran­
s­porto da sxva saxis momsaxurebas. .
inkluziuri ganaTlebis koordinatori (Inclusive education
coordinator) _ skolis mier arCeuli pirovneba, rome­lic
pasuxismgebelia skolaSi inkluziuri ganaTlebis sa­kiT­
xebis koordinirebaze.
inkluziuri ganaTlebis multidisciplinuri gundi (Inclusive
education multidiciplinary team) _ specialistebis gundi,
romlis SemadgenlobaSi Sedian: fsiqologi, okupaciuri
Terapevti, metyvelebis Terapevti, specialuri pedagogi
da zogadi ganaTlebis pedagogi. gundis Semadgenloba
Se­iZleba icvlebodes saWiroebisda mixedviT. multidis­
ciplinuri gundi axdens specialuri saganmanaT­leblo
sa­Wiroebebis mqone bavSvebis identifikaciasa da Sefase­
bas, mSoblebisa da maswavleblebis konsultirebas sssm
bavSvis swavlas, swavlebasa da qcevasTan dakavSirebiT,

15
 inkluziuri ganaTleba cnebebi da terminebi

sssm bavSvebis akademiuri da socialuri miRwevebis Se­

fasebasa da monitorings, skolaSi inkluziuri ganaT­
lebis danergvis xelSewyobas. skolas saskolo StatSi
SesaZlebelia hyavdes mudmivmoqmedi multidisciplin­
uri gundi. aseve, SesaZlebelia mobiluri multidiscip­
linuri gundebis arseboba ganaTlebis sistemis marTvis
organoebTan (ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministro an
resurs-centri).
inkluziuri ganaTlebis saxeebi (Forms of inclusive education)
_ 1) sruli inkluzia; 2) nawilobrivi inkluzia anu inte­
grirebuli swavleba.
integrirebuli swavleba (inkluziuri ganaTlebis erT-erTi
saxe) (Integrated Education) _ gulisxmobs specialuri sa­
ganmanaTleblo saWiroebebis mqone moswavleebis gana­
Tlebas individualuri saswavlo gegmiTa da damxmare sa­
Sualebebis gamoyenebiT zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolis
sivrceSi arsebul specialur klasSi an resurs-oTaxSi.
inteleqti (Intellect) _ adamianis gonebis unari Seimecnos
sam­yaro iseTi kognituri procesebis meSveobiT, rogo­
rebicaa abstraqtuli azrovneba, dagegmva, msjeloba,
prob­­lemebis gadaWra, swavla, yuradReba, mexsiereba,
met­­yveleba da sxv.
inteleqtis donis Sefaseba (Intellect development assessment)
_ pirovnebis Sefaseba misi inteleqtis donis gansazRvr­
is mizniT sxvadasxva tipis inteleqtis sazomi standar­
tizebuli testebis saSualebiT.
inteleqtis koeficienti (IQ _ `aiqiu“) _ sxvadasxva tipis
inte­leq­tis sazomi, standartizebuli testebis Sedegad
miRebuli pi­rovnebis gonebrivi SesaZleblobebis cifro­
brivi maCvenebeli.
interaqtiuli swavleba (Interactive teaching) _ yvela moswav­
lis CarTuloba swavlis procesSi. am dros yoveli mo­

16
 i k
swavle aqtiurad erTveba swavlis procesSi da aravin
aris pasiuri an gariyuli. interaqtiuli swavlis pro­
cesSi moswavle aqtiur rols TamaSobs, maswavlebels da
moswavles mudmivi urTierToba aqvT erTmaneTTan.
intervencia (Intervention) _ saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, pirovnebi­
sTvis gaweuli prevenciuli, samkurnalo, kompensatoru­

Tavi I
li an sasicocxlod mniSvnelovani momsaxureba.

keTebiT swavleba (Practical teaching) _ moswavleebisTvis

swavlasa da swavlebasTAn dakavSirebuli

praq­tikuli davalebis micema da waxaliseba. moswavleebi
asru­leben iseT qmedebebs, romelic xels uwyobs codnis

cnebebi, terminebi da Teoriebi

da Cvevis formirebas.
kiTxvari (sistematizirebuli Canawerebi) (Checklist) _ mona­
cemTa Segrovebis meTodi, romelic gamoiyeneba bavSvis
ganviTarebisa da qcevis Sesaxeb monacemTa Segrovebisa
da Canawerebis gasakeTeblad.
kiTxvisTvis mzaoba (Reading readiness) _ warmoadgens sul
mcire Semdegi unarebis, asakis Sesabamis ganviTarebas: me­
tyveleba, vizualuri aRqma, bgerebisa da nabeWdi masalis
zepirmetyvelebaSi gamoyenebul sityvebTan SeTanxmeba,
interesi wignebis da zogadad nabeWdi masalis mimarT.
kiTxvis sisxarte (Reading fluency) _ teqstis akuratulad da
swrafad, Sesabamisi pauzebiTa da emociebiT kiTxvis tem­
pi an xarisxi.
klasis ganrigi Class routine) _ nebismier skolaSi, klasSi ar­
sebuli garkveuli wesebis CamonaTvali, yoveldRiuri da
Tanmimdevruli saklaso aqtivobebi, magaliTad, misal­
meba, davalebis Semowmeba, gamokiTxva, axali masalis
axs­na da sxva. aqtivobebi xorcieldeba ZiriTadad ucv­

17
 inkluziuri ganaTleba cnebebi da terminebi

leli TanmimdevrobiT, rac moswavleebs uqmnis Sesabamis

ganw­yobas erTi aqtivobidan momdevnoze gadasarTvelad.
klasis rutina uzrunvelyofs klasis disciplinas da
efeqtur funqcionirebas.
kognituri /Semecnebis procesi (Cognitive process) _ fiqris,
swavlisa da simboloTa miniWebis formebi, maT Soris Se­
mecneba, gansja, damaxsovreba, warmosaxva da dasabuTeba.
kognituri / Semecnebis stili (Cognitive style) _ kognitur
fsiqologiaSi niSnavs individis mier azrovnebis, infor­
maciis miRebisa da damaxsovrebis da am informaciis
prob­lemur situaciaSi gamoyenebis upirates formas.
kognicia (Cognition) _ informaciis miRebis, gadamuSavebis,
Senaxvisa da gamoyenebis procesi. warmoadgens iseTi
fsiqikuri procesebis erTobliobas, rogoricaa yurad­
Reba, aRqma, azrovneba, swavla da mexsiereba.
kompetencia (Competence) _ konkretuli amocanis Sesrulebi­
sTvis saWiro unarebis, qcevisa da codnis erToblioba.
konkretuli azrovneba (Concrete thinking) _ azrovnebis saxe,
romelic iTvaliswinebs mxolod „aq da amJamad“ arsebul
sagnebsa da movlenebs da xasiaTdeba cnebebisa da ganzo­
gadebis naklebobiT. abstraqtuli azrovnebis antonimi.
konteqsturi swavla (Situated learning) _ swavla, romelic
xorcieldeba individis konteqstSi/konkretul situa­
ciebSi, aqtivobaSi, kulturul cxovrebaSi CarTulobis
da monawiloebis Sedegad; situaciuri swavlisTvis ar­
sebiTia socialuri urTierTobebi da TanamSromloba,
romlis drosac individi iTvisebs im Rirebulebebs da
qcevebs, romelic am urTierTobebisTvis da TanamSrom­
lobisTvis aris saWiro. aseTi saxis swavla ufro sponta­
nuria da Zaldatanebis gareSe xdeba.
konteqstualuri gavlena (Contextual influences) _ adamianis
garemocvaSi arsebuli faqtori an cvlilebebi, romelic
gavlenas axdens individze.

18
kritikuli azrovneba (Critical thinking) _ problemuri situa­

k
ciis gaanalizebis, mosazrebebis dasabuTebisTvis argu­
mentebisa da kontragumentebis moZiebis, daskvnis ga­
keTebis unari.
kurikulumi (Curriculum) _ saswavlo gegma (ix. saswavlo gegma).
ü kurikulumis (erovnuli saswavlo gegmis) adaptacia _

Tavi I
ar cvlis, magram umniSvnelod amartivebs kurikulu­
mis Sinaarss. kurikulumis adaptacia, ZiriTadad, gu­
lisxmobs maswavleblis droisa da datvirTvis gazr­
das. aseve, specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebebis
mqone moswavlisTvis davalebebis gamartivebas da ra­
odenobis Semcirebas.

swavlasa da swavlebasTAn dakavSirebuli

ü kurikulumis (erovnuli saswavlo gegmis) akomodacia
_ akomodacia ar cvlis erovnuli saswavlo gegmis Si­

cnebebi, terminebi da Teoriebi

naarss, magram damxmare da gamaZlerebeli teqnikebis
da teqnologiebis gamoyenebiT exmareba moswavles im
barierebis daZlevaSi, romelic eqmneba swavlis dros.
davalebebis sirTule da Sinaarsi rCeba igive, rac
zogadad klasisTvis. moswavles aqvs igive saswavlo
Sedegebi, rac zogad erovnul saswavlo gegmaSia aR­
werili.
ü kurikulumis (erovnuli saswavlo gegmis) modifika-
cia _ mo­difikacia cvlis erovnuli saswavlo gegmis
Si­naarss specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebebis
mqone moswavleeebis SemecnebiTi SesaZleblobebis Se­
sabamisad. moswavles aqvs individualuri, modifici­
rebuli kurikulumis Sesabamisi saswavlo Sedegebi.
kurikulumze dafuZnebuli Sefaseba (Curriculum based as-
sesment) _ saswavlo gegmaSi miTiTebuli instruqciebis
gaTvaliswinebiT Sefaseba.
kurikulumis (erovnuli saswavlo gegmis) modifikaciis do-
neebi: arsebobs kurikulumis modifikaciis sxvadasxva

19
 inkluziuri ganaTleba cnebebi da terminebi

do­ne: adaptacia da akomodacia. inkluziur ganaTlebaSi,

damatebiT gamoiyeneba agreTve modificirebuli saswav­
lo gegmis cnebac.

maswavlebelze orientirebuli swavleba (Teacher_centered

instruction) _ swavlebisadmi tradiciuli midgoma, sadac
maswavlebeli gansazRvravs saswavli masalis Sinaarss,
gegmas, axorcielebs saswavlo gegmebs da afasebs mos­
wavlis miRwevebs. aR­niSnuli meTodi, swavlaze mTel pa­
suxismgeblobas akisrebs maswavlebels.
maformirebeli Sefaseba (Formative assessment) _ swavlis pro­
cesis ganviTarebaze orienturebuli Sefaseba. Sefasebis
mizania moswavlis akademiuri miRwevis gaumjobeseba da
swavlis meTodebis morgeba moswavlis saWiroebebze da
ara ubralod moswavlis miRwevis donis Semajamebeli Se­
faseba.
metyveleba (Speech) _ enis vokalizaciis, sametyvelo bgerebis
saSualebiT gadmocemis procesi; metyveleba ar warmoad­
gens enis sinonims. is aris verbaluri komunikaciis pro­
cesi, romlis meSveobiTac mimdinareobs informaciis ga­
ziareba da azrTa gacvla adamianebs Soris.
metyvelebisa da enis Terapia (Speech and language therapy) _
metyve­lebisa da komunikaciuri darRvevebis mkurnaloba.
mkur­na­lobis strategia damokidebulia darRvevis tipsa
da etiologiaze (ix. etiologia).
metyvelebisa da enis Terapevti (logopedi)(Speech and Lan-
guage Therapist) _ specialisti, romelsac aqvs saWiro
kvalifikacia metyvelebis normaluri ganviTarebisa da
misi darRvevebis nebismieri gamovlinebis identifika­
ciis, Sefasebis, konsultaciisa da intervenciis ganxor­

20
 m n
cielebisTvis. metyvelebis da enis Terapevtma icis, Tu
rogor unda aswavlos metyvelebis ganviTarebis darR­
vevis, metyvelebaSi problemebis, smenis darRvevisa Tu
daqveiTebis mqone moswavles.
meqanikuri swavla _ swavla gameorebis da aRdgenis gziT sas­
wavli masalis mniSvnelobis gaazrebis gareSe (mag., uaz­

Tavi I
ro marcvlebis an sityvebis dazepireba).
misawvdomoba (Accessibility) _ SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis
mqone pirebTan mimarTebaSi, barierebisgan Tavisufali
garemo, romelic individis saswavlos procesSi maqsim­
alur CarTvas uzrunvelyofs.
miRwevebis testi (Achievement Test) _ moswavlis mier sas­
wavlo masalis aTvisebis Sefasebis testi.

swavlasa da swavlebasTAn dakavSirebuli

monitoringi (Monitoring) _ monacemebis Segrovebisa da
gaanalizebis sistemuri procesi, romelic miznad isa­

cnebebi, terminebi da Teoriebi

xavs mimdinare an dasrulebuli saqmianobis, proeqtis,
programis Tu sxva dagegmili aqtivobis progresis Se­
fasebas. monitoringis mizania gansazRvros, Tu ramdenad
aris miRweuli dasaxuli miznebi.
moswavleze orientirebuli swavleba (Student_centered teach-
ing) _ midgoma, romelic fokusirdeba moswavlis saWiroe­
baze, SesaZleblobaze, interesebze da swavlis stilze.
moswavleze orientirebuli swavlis dros, moswavle aris
aqtiuri swavlis procesSi, igi pasuxismgebelia sakuTar
swavlaze da Tavad akeTebs arCevans, Tu ra iswavlos, ro­
gor iswavlos da ra mizniT. maswavlebeli ganixileba ro­
gorc swavlis procesis mimarTulebis da gezis mimcemi.

natifi motoruli unarebi (Fine motor skills) _ Tvalis kun­

Tebis faqizi da xelis TiTebis falangebis wvrili moZ­

21
 inkluziuri ganaTleba cnebebi da terminebi

raobebi saganTa asaRebad, dasaWerad werisas, xatvisas

da a.S.
niWieri bavSvebi (Gifted children) _ bavSvebi, romelTac axa­
siaTebT gansakuTrebuli inteleqtualuri SesaZleblo­
bebi; SemoqmedebiTi azrovnebis kargad ganviTarebuli
unari; liderobisa da marTvis unari; abstraqciis kar­
gad ganviTarebuli unari; kargad ganviTarebuli fsiqo­
motoruli unarebi; interesebis farTo speqtri.
norma (Norm) _ saSualo, zogadi an standartuli mdgo­
mareoba raime konkretul pirobebSi. norma aRwers sa­
Sualo, tipur an Cveulebriv mdgomareobas (mag., ama Tu
im konkretulis asakis bavSvis mier miRwevebis testSi
miRebuli saSualo qula an axalSobilis saSualo wona).
normaze dafuZnebuli testebi (Norm_referenced tests) _ tes­
tebi, romelTa saSualebiTac xdeba individis funqcioni­
rebis maCveneblebis Sedareba imave asakis sxva individebis
maCveneblebTan. mag. bavSvis kiTxvis unar-Cvevebis Sedar­
eba amave asakis yvela sxva bavSvis kvlevaze dafuZnebul
maCvenebelTan.
normalizacia (Normalization) _ mosazreba imis Sesaxeb, rom
SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirebis yoveldRiuri
cxovreba maqsimalurad unda Seesatyvisebodes sazoga­
doebis danarCeni wevrebis cxovrebis wess.

opoziciur-devianturi qceva (Oppositional defiant disorder)

_ mtruli, daumorCilebeli da agresiuli qceva, gansa­
kuTrebiT, avtoritetul pirebTan urTierTobisas. moswav­
le, romelsac opoziciur-devianturi qceva axasiaTebs,
aris jiuti da daumorCilebeli. uars ambobs davalebis da
miTiTebis Sesrulebaze; gamudmebiT epasuxeba ufrosebs;

22
 n o p
advilad Riziandeba da gamoxatavs uaryofiT reaqciebs;
awyobs tantrums; gamudmebiT sxvebs adanaSaulebs da Tavs
imarTlebs; skolaSi xSirad mosdis uTanxmoeba sxvebTan;
cota megobari hyavs da a.S.

Tavi I
p

pirdapiri swavleba (Direct teaching) _ swavlebis tradiciu­

li forma, romlis mizansac warmoadgens moswavlis mier
unar-­Cvevebis aTviseba. pirdapiri swavleba moiTxovs
sag­nis kargad mcodne piris mier masalis mkafiod, logi­
kuri formiTa da Tanmimdevrulad gadacemas.

swavlasa da swavlebasTAn dakavSirebuli

pragmatuli metyveleba (Pragmatic language) _ metyvelebis

cnebebi, terminebi da Teoriebi

gamoyenebis unari. imis gaazreba, Tu rodis da ra situa­
ciaSi, ra unda iTqvas.
problemuri qcevis identifikacia (Problematic behavior
identfication) _ individis qcevaze dakvirvebis Sedegad
konkretuli qcevis gamoyofa, romelic xels uSlis in­
divids funqcionirebasa da swavlaSi. misi aRwera konkre­
tul terminebSi ise, rom SesaZlebeli iyos SemdgomSi
qcevis sixSiris, intensivobis da xangZlivobis gazomva.
profesiuli ganaTleba (Vocational Education) _ profesiuli
ganaT­lebis saxe, romlis miRebac SeiZleba zogadi gana­
Tlebis sabazo safexuris damTavrebis Semdeg. profe­
siuli ganaTleba emsaxureba praqtikuli unar-Cvevebis
ganviTarebas sxvadasxva xelobis dauflebis mizniT, rac
xels Seuwyobs Semdgom dasaqmebas.

23
 inkluziuri ganaTleba cnebebi da terminebi

Jesti (Gesture, Sign) _ araverbaluri komunikaciis forma,

romlis drosac metyvelebis nacvlad an metyvelebis
paralelurad sxeulis nawilebis, gansakuTrebiT ki xe­
lis moZraoba da saxis mimika gamoiyeneba konkretuli
Setyobinebis, informaciis gadmosacemad.
Jesturi ena (Sign language) _ ena, romelzec metyveleben yru
adamianebi da romelSic akustikuri bgerebi Canacvle­
bulia konkretuli bgeris an sagnis Sesabamisi JestiT.
tuCebis moZraobiT, Jestikulaciis an sxeulis plastikis
saSualebiT xdeba asoebis, cnebebis da sityvebis gadmo­
cema. arsebobs amerikuli Jesturi ena, britanuli Jes­
turi ena, kanaduri Jesturi ena da a.S
regresi_kompensacia (Regression _ recoupment) _ saganmana­
Tleblo sivrceSi naswavli unar-Cvevebis daviwyeba zaf­
xulis ganmavlobaSi, rac axali saswavlo wlidan masalis
Tavidan swavlis saWiroebas warmoSobs.
resurs_oTaxi (Ressource room) _ zogadsaganmanaTleblo
skolaSi arsebuli sivrce, romelic misawvdomia maswav­
leblebisa da moswavleebisTvis da aRWurvilia moswav­
leebis saganmanaTleblo saWiroebebis dakmayofilebis
yvela aucilebeli materialur-teqnikuri saSualebiT.

saganmanaTleblo Sefaseba (Educational Assessment) _ codnis,

unar-Cvevebis, damokidebulebebisa da Rirebulebebis
gazomvis sis­temuri procesi. SeiZleba Sefasdes konkre­
tuli moswavle, moswavleTa jgufi, klasi, mTeli sagan­
manaTleblo dawesebuleba an sistema.

24
 J s
samizne qceva (Target behavior) _ gamoyenebiT qceviT analizSi
es aris qceva, romelsac Wirdeba dakvirveba, gazomva da
Cawera misi Semcirebis an, piriqiT, gazrdis mizniT.
sasignalo qceva (Alarming signals) _ maswavleblisa da mo­
swavleebis mier winaswar SeTanxmebuli miniSnebebis Tu
qcevebis nakrebi, romelsac maswavlebeli an moswavle

Tavi I
sxva­dasxva SemTxvevaSi mimarTvas. magaliTad, yuradRe­
bis miqcevis, qcevis kontrolis, karnaxis da a.S. dros.
es SeiZleba iyos raime Jesti, mxarze Sexeba, sxvadasxva
feris gamafrTxilebeli baraTis Cveneba da sxv.
saswavlo garemo (School environment) _ garemo, romelSic
Seqm­nilia pirobebi da mobilizebulia yvela adamianuri

swavlasa da swavlebasTAn dakavSirebuli

da materialuri resursi moswavlis swavlisa da gana­
TlebisTvis.

cnebebi, terminebi da Teoriebi

saswavlo mizani (Learning goal) _ moswavlis mier swavliT
SesaZeni winaswar gansazRvruli Sedegi da axali gamoc­
dileba. igi moicavs moswavleTa mier asaTvisebeli in­
formaciis, unar-Cvevebisa da Rirebulebebis erTob­l­
iobas. saswavlo miznebs gansazRvravs maswavlebeli an
sa­ganmanaTleblo dawesebuleba, saswavlo procesis ne­
bismi­eri monakveTisTvis (gakveTili, kvira, trimestri,
saswavlo weli, swavlis safexuri da sxva). saswavlo miz­
nebis gansazRvra efuZneba moswavleTa miswrafebebis, sa­
Wiroebebisa da SesaZleblobebis analizis Sedegebs. gaT­
valiswinebulia moswavleTa asakis Sesabamisi fizikuri
Tu fsiqikuri monacemebi, SesaZleblobebi da interesebi.
swavlis stili (Learning styles) _ swavlis tipi, romelic yve­
laze efeqturia konkretuli individisTvis. arsebobs 4
tipis swavlis stili: vizualuri, auditoruli, taqti­
luri da kinetikuri. aseve arsebobs Sereuli forma.
satreningo moduli (Training modules) _ Tanmimdevruli da
organizebuli saganmanaTleblo masala, romelSic gaer­

25
 inkluziuri ganaTleba cnebebi da terminebi

Tianebulia ZiriTadi samuSao teqstebi, mokle Canawerebi

(hendautebi) samuSao SexvedrebisTvis da saxelmZRvanelo
trenerebisTvis. TiToeuli moduli fokusirebulia erT
konkretul Temaze, Tumca masala SeiZleba gansxvavdebo­
des monawileebisa Tu miznebis Sesabamisad.
safexuridan safexurze gadasvlisTvis momzadeba (Transi-
tion services) _ koordinirebuli aqtivobebis erToblio­
ba, romlis mizania moswavlis mier skolidan skolis
Semdgom etapze warmatebuli gadasvlis xelSewyoba. Se­
saZloa moicavdes dasaqmebasTan dakavSirebul konsul­
taciebsac.
sensoruli stimuli (Sensory stimulus) _ mxedvelobiTi, smen­
iTi, taqtiluri, proprioceptuli da sxva gamRiziane­
beli, romelic moqmedebs grZnobaTa organoebze.
skolamdeli asakis bavSvis ojaxis ganaTleba (Early childhood
family education) _ skolamdeli asakis bavSvis ojaxis
wevrebis ganaTlebis programa, romlis mizania ojaxis
mxardaWera skolamdeli asakis bavSvis swavla-aRzrdis
procesSi.
skolis fsiqologi (School Psychologist) _ fsiqologi, ro­
melsac miRebuli aqvs saWiro kvalifikacia saskolo asa­
kis bavSvebTan saganmanaTleblo, emociuri da/Tu qceviTi
problemebis identifikaciis, Sefasebis, konsultaciisa
da Carevis strategiis dagegmvisaTvis. is TanamSromlobs
ganaTlebis sxva specialistebTan da mSoblebTan moswav­
leebisTvis usafrTxo, janmrTeli da keTilganwyobili
garemos Seqmnis da ojaxsa da skolas Soris TanamSrom­
lobis gaZlierebis mizniT.
socializacia (Socialization) _ procesi, romlis saSualebi­
Tac bavSvi iZens pirovnul identobas da xdeba ama Tu im
socialuri jgufis wevri. igi iTvisebs yvela im normas,
Rirebulebebs, qcevebsa da socialur unarebs, romelic

26
 mocemul konkretul socialur jgufs axasiaTebs da ro­

s
melic aucilebelia imisTvis, rom sakuTari sociumis/
Temis cxovrebaSi monawiloeba miiRos.
socialuri aRqma (Social perception) _ kognituri procesebi,
romelTa saSualebiTac socialur garemoSi adamianebi
erTmaneTs aRiqvamen da iqmnian Sexedulebs erTmaneTze.

Tavi I
socialuri kognicia (Social cognition) _ pirovnebis mier so­
cialuri informaciis gadamuSavebis procesi moicavs so­
cialuri urTierTobebis Sesaxeb informaciis kodirebas,
Senaxvas, aRdgenasa da socialur situaciebSi gamoyenebas.
socialuri kompetencia (Social competence) _ socialuri un­
ar-Cvevebi, romelic adamians exmareba daamyaros urTi­

swavlasa da swavlebasTAn dakavSirebuli

erToba sxva adamianebTan. .
socialuri muSaki (Social Worker) _ specialisti, romelic

cnebebi, terminebi da Teoriebi

muSaobs sxvadasxva sistemaSi da daxmarebas uwevs indi­
videbs, ojaxebs da adamianTa jgufebs, romlebic so­
cialurad gariyulni arian an raime saxis (fsiqologiuri,
socialuri, janmrTelobis, finansuri) kriziss ganic­
dian. misi funqciaa, daexmaros beneficiarebs krizisis
daZlevaSi.
socialuri unar-Cvevebi (Social skills) _ nebismieri unar-Cve­
va, romelic saWiroa adamianebs Soris warmatebuli so­
cialur urTierTobisTvis. arsebobs rogorc verbalur
(metyvelebiT), ise araverbalur socialuri unarebi.
specialuri ganaTleba (Special education) _ specialuri sagan­
manaTleblo saWiroebis mqone moswavleTa ganaTleba sas­
wavlo gegmisa da adaptirebuli saswavlo masalis gamo­
yenebiT specialur skolaSi an klasSi.
specialuri klasi (Special Class) _ klasi, romelic dakomp­
leqtebulia specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebebis
mqone moswavleebiT.

27
 inkluziuri ganaTleba cnebebi da terminebi

specialuri maswavlebeli (Special Teacher) _ maswavlebeli,

ro­melsac aqvs Sesabamisi kvalifikacia imisTvis, rom
Seafasos moswavlis swavlebasa da swavlasTan dakavSire­
buli specialuri saWiroebebi; gansazRvros da ganaxor­
cielos swavlebis Sesabamisi strategiebi specialuri sa­
ganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone moswavleTa xarisxiani
ganaTlebis uzrunvelsayofad;
specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroeba (Special educational
needs) _ swavlis sirTuleebi, an SezRuduli SesaZle­
bloba swavlis procesSi, romlis daZlevac moswavles
uWirs.
specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone bavSvi/mo-
swavle (Child/Student with special educational needs) _
bavSvi/moswavle, romelsac Tanatolebis umravlesobas­
Tan SedarebiT swavlaSi siZneleebi aqvs da saWiroebs
damatebiT/specialur saganmanaTleblo momsaxurebas.
specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebebis mqone bavSvis
iden­ti­fikacia da Sefaseba (Identification and evaluation
of children with special educational needs) _ identifika­
cia _ im bavSvebis gamovlena, romelTac SeiZleba hqon­
deT ganviTarebis darRveva da/an swavlis sirTuleebi;
Sefaseba _ am darRvevebis bunebis, xarisxisa da mizeze­
bis gansazRvra.
spe­ci­a­lu­ri sko­la (Spe­ci­al schools) _ spe­ci­a­lu­ri sko­le­bi
iq­m­ne­ba spe­ci­a­lu­ri sa­gan­ma­naT­leb­lo sa­Wi­ro­e­bis mqo­ne
mos­wav­le­e­bis­T­vis da spe­ci­a­liz­de­ba ro­me­li­me kon­k­re­
tu­li sa­gan­ma­naT­leb­lo sa­Wi­ro­e­bis mi­xed­viT. ma­ga­li­Tad,
qce­vis dar­R­ve­vis mqo­ne mos­wav­le­e­bis­T­vis, sen­so­ru­li
dar­­­R­ve­vis mqo­ne mos­wav­le­e­bis­T­vis da sxva.
spontanuri swavla (Incidental learning) _ garSemo myof pireb­
ze dakvirvebiT bavSvis mier qcevebisa da unarebis aT­
viseba, mizanmimarTuli swavlebis gareSe.

28
sruli CarTva /sruli inkluzia/ (Full inclusion) _ specialu­

s
ri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone moswavlis srulad
CarTva zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolis saswavlo proces­
Si TanatolebTan erTad. moswavle eswreba uklebliv yve­
la gakveTils da yvela am gakveTilisTvis aqvs Tavisi
Se­saZleblobisa da saWiroebis Sesabamisi individualuri

Tavi I
saswavlo gegma.
sssm moswavlis portfolio (Student’s portfolio) _ krebuli,
sadac Tavs iyris specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroe­
bis mqone moswavlis Sesaxeb yvela mniSvnelovani infor­
macia, romelic konkretuli moswavlis swavlasa da ga­
naTlebas ukavSirdeba. sssm moswavlis portfolioSi

swavlasa da swavlebasTAn dakavSirebuli

Se­iZleba mocemuli iyos misi samedicino istoria, isg,
moswavlis mier Sesrulebuli davalebebi, romlebic asa­

cnebebi, terminebi da Teoriebi

xaven moswavlis progress da a.S.
standartizebuli testebi (Standardized tests) _ testebi, rom­
lebic tardeba dadgenili da ucvleli instruqciebis,
Sefasebis kriteriumebisa da procedurebis mixedviT.
struqturirebuli swavleba (Structured teaching) _ garemosa
da aqtivobebis vizualuri organizebis sistema, romelic
specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebebis mqone moswav­
leebs exmareba gaigon, Tu ras moiTxoven maTgan.
struq­tu­ru­li dak­vir­ve­ba (Struc­tu­red observation) _ dak­vir­ve­
bis ti­pi, ro­de­sac dam­k­vir­ve­be­li wi­nas­war gan­sazR­v­ravs
sa­miz­ne qce­vas da Sem­deg ak­vir­de­ba mi­si aR­mo­­ce­ne­bis six­
Si­res, xan­g­r­Z­li­vo­bas da­/an in­ten­si­vo­bas.
swavla (Learning) _ swavla warmoadgens qcevaSi an konkre­
tuli saxis qcevis ganxorcielebis potencialSi mdgrad
cvlilebas, romelic praqtikis an sxva formiT gamocdi­
lebis miRebis Sedegia. anu swavla aris ZiriTadi pro­
cesi, romlis saSualebiTac garemo iwvevs mdgrad cvli­
lebas adamianis qcevaSi.

29
 inkluziuri ganaTleba cnebebi da terminebi

swavlebisadmi konstruqtivistuli midgoma (Constructivist

approach) _ ufro metad fokusirebulia moswavlis miR­
wevebsa da gagebis unarze, vidre unar-Cvevebisa da cod­
nis gazomvaze. aseTi midgomis dros gamoiyeneba moswav­
lis mier ukve miRebul codna, romelze dayrdnobiTa da
gaerTianebiT, is iTvisebs axal codnas da iRebs gamoc­
dilebas.
swavlebis meTodebi (Teaching methods) _ saswavlo masalis
wardgenis an saswavlo aqtivobebis ganxorcielebis gza,
teqnika. arsebobs swavlebis sxvadasxva meTodi, rogori­
caa leqciuri meTodi, diskusia, aqtiuri swavla, koope­
raciuli swavleba/mcire jgufebSi muSaoba, integrire­
buli swavleba, keTebiT swavleba da sxva.
swavlis motivacia (Learning motivation) _ mamoZravebeli
Zala, romelic pasuxismgebelia mizandasaxuli, nebismi­
eri qcevis ganxorcielebis dawyebaze, mdgradobasa da
mimarTulebaze. rac ufro metad motivirebulni arian
moswavleebi, miT ukeTesia maTi swavlis xarisxi.
swavlis unaris darRveva (Learning disability) _ centraluri
nervuli sistemis disfunqciiT gamowveuli kiTxvis, we­
risa da maTematikuri unarebis ganviTarebis siZneleebi.
swavlis unaris darRveva vlindeba informaciis Senaxvis,
gadamuSavebisa da axali informaciis warmoebis darRve­
vis saxiT.

universaluri dizaini (Universal design) _ garemos, Senobebis

infrastruqturis mowyoba/adaptacia da saWiro teqnol­
ogiebiT aRWurva imisTvis, rom garemo maqsimalurad
xelmisawvdomi iyos yvela adamianisTvis, maT Soris, Sez­
Ruduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebisTvis, romelTac

30
 s u f q
aqvT gadaadgilebis sirTule, smenis an mxedvelobis dar­
Rveva da sxva.

formaluri ganaTleba _ struqturirebuli saganmanaTleblo

Tavi I
sis­tema, romelic moicavs saganmanaTleblo procesebs
dawyebiTi ganaTlebidan umaRles ganaTlebamde. SesaZle­
belia, formalur ganaTlebaSi adgili hqondes specialur
programebs profesiuli da teqnikuri wvrTvnisTvis.
formaluri ganaTlebis ZiriTadi uzrunvelmyofeli
dawesebulebebia skolebi da umaRlesi saswavleblebi.

swavlasa da swavlebasTAn dakavSirebuli

adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciis da bavS­
vTa uflebebis konvenciis mixedviT, yvela bavSvs unda

cnebebi, terminebi da Teoriebi

hqondes miRebuli elementaruli formaluri ganaTleba.

qcevis ganmtkiceba (Reinforcement of Behaviour) _ garkveuli

qcevis sixSiris, intensivobis an xangZlivobis gazrda an
Semcireba jildos, waxalisebis an ignorirebisa da `das­
jis~ gamoyenebiT. an axali, sasurveli qcevis swavleba;
ganasxvaveben qcevis dadebiT da uaryofiT ganmtkicebas.
dadebiTi ganmtkicebis dros jildo, waxaliseba bavSvs
miewodeba qcevis ganxorcielebisTanave, rac zrdis sa­
surveli qcevis gamovlenis sixSires, xolo uaryofiTi
ganmtkicebis dros bavSvi `isjeba~ ignorirebiT an misT­
vis saurveli saqmianobis aRkveTiT.
qceviTi intervenciis gegma (Behaviour intervention plan) _
qcevis Secvlis, axali qcevis swavlebis gegma, romlis
mizania konkretuli adamianis saWiroebebisa da SesaZleb­

31
 inkluziuri ganaTleba cnebebi da terminebi

lobebis gaTvaliswinebiT arasasurveli, problemuri

qce­vebis Semcireba da Secvla.
qcevis modifikacia/qceviTi Terapia (Behavior modification/
Behavior therapy) _ qcevis cvlileba mizandasaxuli, Tan­
mimdevruli Carevis gziT.

Ria SekiTxva (Open question) _ kiTxva, romelze pasuxic axsna-

gan­martebas saWiroebs. pasuxi ver gaicema ricxobrivi
monacemebiT da verc sityvebiT `diax~ da `ara~.

yuradReba (Attention) _ cnobierebis mimarTva garkveuli sag­

nisa Tu movlenisadmi garkveuli drois ganmavlobaSi.
obieqtis naTlad da garkveulad gancda.
yuradRebis moculoba (Attention span) _ drois monakveTi,
romlis ganmavlobaSic adamiani koncentrirebulia dava­
lebaze gaRizianebisa da interesis dakargvis gareSe.

SegrZneba (Sensation) _ grZnobis organoebis stimulaciiT

gamowveuli subieqturi gancda.
SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebisTvis xelmisawv­
domi garemo _ SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pire­
bisTvis garemoSi barierebis aRmosafxvrelad xdeba ada­
p­tireba: transportis, sagzao niSnebisa da trotuaris,

32
 RySCc
Senobebis, kerZod, tualetis, liftis, mosacdeli oTa­
xis da a.S. sazogadoebriv adgilebSi, jamrTelobis da
sa­reabilitacio instituciebSi pandusebis, brailis da
auditoruli sasignalo sistemebis uzrunvelyofa (PWD
act, 1995).
SemoqmedebiTi azrovneba (Creative thinking) _ originaluri

Tavi I
ideebisa da obieqtebis warmodgena da gamogoneba; es
ideebi da obieqtebi aris mimziveli, saintereso, mniSv­
nelovani an sasargeblo.
Sin swavleba /Home schooling / _ formaluri ganaTlebis erT-
erTi saxe, romlis drosac moswavle iricxeba skolaSi,
magram rigi mizezebis gamo ver eswreba gakveTilebs da

swavlasa da swavlebasTAn dakavSirebuli

iRebs ganaTlebas Sin swavlebis programis farglebSi.
SromiT saqmianobaze dafuZnebuli (Work based learning) _

cnebebi, terminebi da Teoriebi

swavleba da treningi samuSao adgilze, samuSaodan mow­
yvetis gareSe da ara saswavlo, saganmanaTleblo dawese­
bulebaSi.

CanacvlebiTi qcevebi (Replacement behaviors) _ problemuri

qcevis alternatiuli, imave funqciis matarebeli, mag­
ram socialurad misaRebi qceva. magaliTad: yuradRebis
miqcevis mizniT, yvirilis nacvlad, xelis aweva.

cneba (Concept) _ konkretul magaliTebze dayrdnobiT gan­

zogadebuli abstraqtuli azri. moicavs warmodgenebs
sagnebis, procesebis Sesaxeb an saganTa Soris urTier­
Tobebze (mag., magida, Weri, adamiani, wvima, ojaxi, a.S.)

33
 inkluziuri ganaTleba cnebebi da terminebi

waxalisebis strategiebi (Reinforcement Strategies _ moswav­

lis an moswavleTa jgufisTvis SerCeuli individualuri
waxalisebis strategiebi misi/maTi swavlis motivaciis
gazrdis mizniT. waxalisebis strategiebi TiToeuli aq­
tivobisTvis an davalebis SesrulebisTvis gansazRvravs
Sesabamis jildos, romelic SeiZleba iyos materialuri
da/an socialuri.
werisTvis momzadebis unarebi (Pre_writing skills) _ skolam­
deli asakis bavSvis yvela is unari, romelic aucilebe­
lia skolis asakSi weris unar-Cvevis asaTviseblad. weris­
Tvis mosamzadebel unarebad ganixileba wonasworoba _
damoukideblad jdomis da jdomisas xelebis Tvisuflad
gamoyenebis unari; mxrebis, winamxrebisa da mtevnebis
kontroli saweri saSualebis Werisas; nivTebis CaWide­
ba _ taceba; bilateraluri koordinacia _ orive xelis
erTdroulad da koordinirebulad gamoyeneba; Tvalis
da xelis koordinacia da a.S.
winapiroba_qceva_Sedegze dakvirveba (Antecedent _ behavior
_ consequence observation) _ gamoyenebiTi qceviTi analiz­
Si bavSvis problemuri qcevis maprovocirebel mizezebze
da qcevis Sedegze dakvirvebisa da informaciis moZiebis
teqnika.

xangrZlivi mexsiereba (Long_term memory) _ informaciis

xangrZlivi droiT Senaxva.
xanmokle mexsiereba (Short_term memory) _ informaciis Se­
naxva drois SedarebiT mcire (mag., ramdenime wami an
wuTi) an ufro xangrZlivi (mag., ramdenime saaTi) peri­

34
 w x j
odiT. xanmokle da xangrZliv mexsierebad dayofa, zus­
ti droiTi intervalis gamoyofis SeuZleblobis gamo,
xSi­rad gaugebrobas warmoSobs, Tumca mexsierebis da­
zianebis klinikaSi intensiurad gamoiyeneba.
xmis Zala (Sound strength) _ bgeris warmoqmnisTvis vokalu­
ri aparatisa da sunTqvis gamoyenebis unari laparakis

Tavi I
dros.

jgufuri kiTxva (Choral reading) _ sxarti kiTxvis ganviTa­

rebaze mimarTuli strategia, rodesac maswavlebeli

swavlasa da swavlebasTAn dakavSirebuli

axdens sxarti kiTxvis modelirebas, xolo moswavleebi
gundurad imeoreben.

cnebebi, terminebi da Teoriebi

jgufuri muSaoba (Group working) _ monawileebis (jgufis
wevrebis) SeTanxmebuli muSaoba saerTo miznis misaR­
wevad. swavlebis jgufuri meTodi xSirad da efeqturad
gamoiyeneba klasSi.

35
 inkluziuri ganaTleba cnebebi da terminebi

ganaTlebis Teoriebi

bruneris Teoria (Jerome S. Bruner -Theory of Education)

_ amerikeli fsiqologi jerom bruneri (Jerome S. Bruner,
1915) kognituri fsiqologiis erT-erTi fuZemdebelia. man
safuZveli Cauyara kognituri swavlis Teorias ganaTlebis
fsiqologiaSi da ganaTlebis zogad filosofias. bruneris
midgoma swavlebisadmi aris konstruqtivistuli. bruneris
Teoriis mixedviT, swavla aris aqtiuri procesi, sadac mos­
wavleebi arsebuli codnis bazaze qmnian axal ideebsa da
kon­cefciebs.

piaJes SemecnebiTi Teoria (Jean Piaget _ Theory of Cogni-

tive Development) Sveicarieli fsiqologis Jan piaJes (Jean-
Piaget, 1896-1980) Teoriis amosavals warmoadgens mosazreba,
rom ganviTarebis procesSi bavSvi ubralod ki ar reagirebs
garemos zegavlenaze, aramed aqtiurad moqmedebs da iZens
codnasa Tu unar-Cvevebs garemosTan Seguebis procesSi.
bavSvis mier samyaros Semecneba viTardeba ara mxolod cod­
nis dagrovebis TvalsazrisiT, aramed Tvisebrivad icvleba
TviTSemecnebis procesic. swored amitom, bavSvis mier aR­
qmuli samyaro gansxvavdeba mozrdilis mier aRqmuli sam­
yarosgan.

swavlebisadmi konstruqtivistuli midgoma (Constructiv-

ist Tea­ching Methods)
am midgomis mixedviT, adamianebi swavloben azrovnebisa
da gamocdilebis safuZvelze, ris Sedegadac ufro rTu­
li SemecnebiTi unarebi uviTardebaT. aqedan gamomdinare,
konst­ruqtivizmi orientirebulia moswavlis Zalisxmevaze.
moswavle swavlis (an Semecnebis) procesis aqtiuri monawilea.

36
 socialuri konstruqtivizmi _ socialuri konstruqti­
vizmis Teoria gansakuTrebul xazs usvams swavlas socialur
konteqstSi da sxvebTan urTierTobiT.

gardneris Teoria mravalmxrivi inteleqtis Sesaxeb (Ho­

ward Gardner _ Theoty of Multiple Intelligence).

Tavi I
amerikelma fsiqologma, hovadr gardnerma (Gardner,
1943-) ganavi­Tara `mravalmxrivi inteleqtis Teoria,~ rom­
lis mixedviT arsebobs 8 erTmaneTisgan gansxvavebuli in­
teleqtis saxe da misi Sesabamisi swavlis stili. inteleqtis
es saxeebia: lingvisturi, maTematikur-logikuri, vizua­
lur-sivrciTi, sxeulebriv-kinesTetikuri, musikaluri, in­

swavlasa da swavlebasTAn dakavSirebuli

terpersonaluri, intrapersonaluri da naturalisturi.

cnebebi, terminebi da Teoriebi

golmanis Teoria emociuri inteleqtis Sesaxeb (Daniel
Goleman_ Theory of Emotional Intelligence).
amerikeli fsiqologi daniel golmani (Goleman, 1946-)
ayalibebs Teorias emoci­uri inteleqtis Sesaxeb, romelic
aris adamianis unari gaigos sakuTari grZnobebi, gamoxa­
tos sxvis mimarT empaTia da moax­dinos emociebis efeqturi
regulireba/marTva. sainteresoa, rom emociuri inteleqtis
done/xarisxi ar dgindeba gonebrivi inteleqtis sazomi tes­
tebiT. am Teoriis mixedviT, adamianis warmatebis winaswarme­
tyvelebisTvis ufro mniSvnelovania maRali donis emociuri
inteleqtis qona, vidre maRali donis zogadi inteleqti­
sa. ganasxvaveben emociuri inteleqtis xuT ZiriTad unars:
TviTSemecneba, TviTregulacia, motivacia, em­paTia da so­
cialuri unar-Cvevebi.

diuis ganaTlebis koncefcia (John Dewey _ Educational

Philosophy) amerikeli filosofosi, fsiqologi da ganaT­
lebis specialisti jon diui (Dewey, 1859-1952) aris pro­

37
 inkluziuri ganaTleba cnebebi da terminebi

gresuli ganaTlebis principebis aqtiuri ide­ologi. misi

ganaTlebis koncefcia efuZneba or ZiriTad amo­savals: (1)
ga­naTleba unda emyarebodes gamocdilebas, radgan gamoc­
dileba mniSvnelovanwilad gansazRvravs adamianis moma­vals
da (2) ganaTleba socialuri funqciis matarebeli unda iyos,
radgan swored ideebisa da gamocdilebis gaziarebiT mi­
iRweva socialuri progresi.
vizualur-sivrciTi inteleqtis mqone adamianebi _ am ti­
pis inteleqtis mqone adamianebs aqvT vizualuri (mxedvelo­
biT mocemuli) samyaros zusti aRqmisa da vizualuri ga­
mocdilebis gamoyenebis kargi unari. isini yvelaze kargad
swavloben vizualuri warmodgenebis (xati, ferebi, suraTebi,
grafikuli naxatebi) saSualebiT da iyeneben maT xelovnebis
dargSi sxvadasxva saqmianobis dros (ix. gardneris Teoria
mravalmxrivi inteleqtis Sesaxeb).
interpersonaluri inteleqtis mqone adamianebi _ in­te­
leqtis am tipis adamianebs aqvT sakuTari samuSaos kargad
dauflebisa da sxvebis motivirebis unari. maT SeuZliaT
sx­vaTa grZnobebis, xasiaTisa da survilebis Tanagancda.
Tanau­grZnoben sxvebs, esmiT maTi `gasaWiri,~ xSirad asrule­
ben mediatoris an lideris rols ama Tu im konfliqtis
mogvare­baSi. isini yvelaze kargad sxvebTan urTierTobisas
swavloben (ix. gardneris Teoria mravalmxrivi inteleqtis
Sesaxeb).
intrapersonaluri inteleqtis mqone adamianebi _ am ti­
pis inteleqtis mqone individebs aqvT sakuTari Tavis Secno­
bis, sakuTari cxovrebisa da swavlis procesis marTvis una­
ri. isi­ni kargad icnoben sakuTar Tavs, kargad xvdebian ra
surT da cdiloben sakuTari miznebis ganxorcielebas. es ex­
mareba maT da gadawyvetilebis miRebis dros arsebul cod­
nas sworad iyeneben. aseTi tipis adamianebs uyvarT marto
da damoukide­blad muSaoba. isini yvelaze kargad `marto~

38
swavloben (ix. gardneris Teoria mravalmxrivi inteleqtis
Sesaxeb).

kolbis Teoria swavlis stilis Sesaxeb (David Kolb _ Ex-

periential Learning Theory (learning styles) Model)
gana­Tlebis amerikeli specialisti devid kolbi (Kolb,

Tavi I
1939-) gvTavazobs zrdas­rulTa swavlis Teorias, e.w. `zrda­
srulTa swavlis cikls,~ romelic aRweriTi xasiaTisaa. am
ciklis mixedviT, arsebobs swavlis oTxi safexuri, romelic
erTmaneTs mosdevs. swavla iwyeba konkretuli gamocdilebis
miRebiT, romelsac mosdevs am gamocdilebis gacnobiereba
ukve arsebul codnaze dayrdno­biT (pirovnuli refleqsia).

swavlasa da swavlebasTAn dakavSirebuli

aqtiurad moqmedi individi swavlobs keTebiT, qmede­
biT. upiratesobas aniWebs axal, saintereso gamocdilebas.

cnebebi, terminebi da Teoriebi

igi aq­tiurad erTveba proeqtebSi, jgufur diskusiebSi,
problemebis gadawyvetaSi, TamaSebSi da simulaciebSi. misi
ZiriTadi fi­losofiaa `erTxel yvelaferi unda scado.~ prag­
matisti swav­lobs azrovnebiT, fiqriT. mas axasiaTebs idee­
bis, Teoriebis ga­dasinjva, raTa darwmundes maT WeSmarite­
baSi. cdilobs axali ideebis praqtikaSi danergvas, uyvars
praqtikuli problemebis gadaWra da damoukideblad swavla.
xSirad svams kiTxvas: `ro­gor SemiZlia amis praqtikaSi gan­
xorcileba?~ misi ZiriTadi filosofiaa _ `Tuki praqtikaSi
amarTlebs, e.i. kargia.~ Teo­retikosi swavlobs dakvirvebiT
da ganWvretiT. misTvis ideebi Zalzed mniSvnelovania, xSir­
ad svams kiTxvas `amas aqvs azri?”, swavlis dros axasiaTebs
analitikuri, konceptualuri mid­goma, romelic mWidrod
ukavSirdeba logikur azrovnebas da racionalur Sefase­
bas. is ukeT sawavlobs direqtivebis saSu­alebiT, rodesac
meti yuradReba eTmoba Teoriebs da siste­mur analizs. misi
ZiriTadi filosofiaa _ `Tu logikuria, e.i. kargia.~ refleq­
turad moazrovne swavlobs SegrZnebebsa da gamocdilebaze

39
 inkluziuri ganaTleba cnebebi da terminebi

dayrdnobiT. misTvis jgufSi da wyvilebSi muS­aobiT miRebu­

li gamocdileba yovelTvis Sedegiania, mas ain­teresebs ada­
mianebTan urTierTobis emociuri elementebi. misi ZiriTadi
filosofiaa _ `asjer gazome, erTxel gaWeri.~

kolbergis moralurobis ganviTarebis Teoria (Lawrence

Kohlberg _ Theory of Moral Development). amerikeli fsiqol­
ogis, lourens kolbergis (Kohlberg, 1927-1987) Teoria ikv­
levs Tu rogor xdeba adamianis moraluri ganviTareba. am
ukanasknels ainteresebs pirovnebis unari aRiqvas da gaigos
sxva ada­mianebis gansxvavebuli perspeqtivebi. roluri unar-
Cvevebis gan­viTareba SeiZleba ganvixiloT, rogorc moralu­
ri ganviTarebis erT-erTi adreuli safexuri. moraluro­
bis ganviTareba iwyeba 12 wlidan, rodesac mozardisTvis
mTavar amocanas warmoadgens `sakuTari Tavis identurobis~
formireba. bavSvi svams kiTxvebs: `vin var me?~ `ra aris CemT­
vis mniSvnelovani cxovrebaSi?~ igi iwyebs sakuTari social­
uri kogniciis gagebas, anu cdilobs gai­gos, Tu rogor aRiq­
vamen mas sxvebi.

perkinsis Teoria swavlis Sesaxeb (David Perkins _Theory of

Intelligence). ganaTlebis special­istis, devid perkinsis (Per-
kins, 1992) `Teoria erTi~ ganixilavs informaciis miwodebis
im formebs, romelic xels uwyobs azrovnebis amoqmedebas
da Sesabamisad, efeqtur swavlasa da swavlebas. am Teoriis
mixedviT, adamiani imas swavlobs, risi swavlis logikuri
SesaZlebloba da motivaciac aqvs. `Teoria erTis~ mixed­
viT, raimes kargad Semecneba moiTxovs Semdegi pirobebis
gaT­valiswinebas: naTeli informacia: miznebis da mosalod­
neli Sedegebis gansazRvra; SemecnebiTi praqtika: aqtiuri
da saaz­rovno procesebiT datvirTuli praqtika im saganSi,
rasac moswavle swavlobs;

40
 rojersis gamocdilebaze dafuZnebuli swavleba (Carl
Rogers _ Theory of Personality)
amerike­li fsiqologi karl rojersi (Carl Rogers, 1902-
1987) aris human­isturi fsiqologiis fuZemdebeli. man Camo­
ayaliba moswavlis gamocdilebaze dafuZnebuli (Student cen-
tered learning) swav­lebis idea, rodesac swavlebis procesSi

Tavi I
maqsimalurad xdeba moswavlis survilebisa da saWiroebe­
bis gaTvaliswineba. ga­mocdilebaze dafuZnebuli swavlebis
dros moswavle TviTon aris aqtiuri da iniciativiani.

socialur_kognituri Teoria /bandura, miSeli/ (Social

Cognitive Theory)

swavlasa da swavlebasTAn dakavSirebuli

socialur-kognituri Teoriis TvalsaCino warmomadgen­
lebis, albert banduras (Albert Bandura, 1925-) da ualter

cnebebi, terminebi da Teoriebi

miSelis (Walter Mischel, 1930-) mixedviT, swavla da ganviTa­
reba efuZneba ara mxolod pirad gamocdilebis SeZenis pro­
cess, aramed, umetesad, sxva adamianTa qcevaze dakvirvebasa
da modelirebas. swavla dakvirvebis saSualebiT niSnavs sxva
adamianze dakvirvebis Sedegad qcevis rTuli nimuSebis aT­
visebis unars. am unaris saSualebiT adamianebs SeuZliaT
gan­Wvriton qcevis SesaZlo Sedegebi (sxvis magaliTze) da
Tavidan aicilon arasasurveli Secdomebi.

selmanis Teoria socialuri unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebis

Sesaxeb(Robert Selman _ Social Skills Development Theory)
amerikeli fsiqologis, robert selmanis (Robert Selman,
1980) Teoria exeba socialuri unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas.
misi azriT, adamianis Semecnebis (azrovnebis, kogniciis)
ganviTare­basTan erTad xdeba socialuri unar-Cvevebis eta­
pobrivi gan­viTarebac. socialuri unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba
mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli roluri unar-Cvevebis _ movlena­
Ta socialuri konteqstis sxvadasxva perspeqtividan, sxva­

41
 inkluziuri ganaTleba cnebebi da terminebi

dasxva kuTxidan xedvis da Sefasebis unaris ganviTarebaze.

sxvis rolSi Sesv­lis unaris arqona bavSvs xels uSlis daina­
xos movlenebi sxva adamianis perspeqtividan. garda amisa,
sxvis rolSi Sesvlis unaris gareSe bavSvs uWirs sxva adamia­
nis grZnobebisadmi em­paTiis gamoxatva. es unari viTardeba
bavSvis asakobriv zrdas­Tan erTad.

swavlebis bihevioristuli midgoma /b. f. skineris / (Bur-

rhus Frederic Skinner –Behaviorism).
bihevioriz­mis erT-erTi TvalsaCino warmomadgenlis,
amerikeli fsiqol­ogis, skineris (Burrhus Frederic Skinner, 1904-
1990) mixedviT, adamianis qce­vis CamoyalibebaSi gadamwyveti
roli ekisreba gare faqtorebs da im gamocdilebas, romelsac
igi socialur garemoSi iZens. pirovnuli Taviseburebebis
miuxedavad, bavSvs SeuZlia nebi­smieri qcevis swavla, Tu mas
saTanado ganmtkiceba mohyve­ba. skinerma eqsperimentis safuZ­
velze daadgina, rom qcevis warmateba/warumatebloba gansaz­
Rvravs moxdeba Tu ara am qcevis swavla. swavlis am formas
skinerma instrumentuli swavla uwoda. instrumentul swav­
las safuZvlad udevs or­ganizmis aqtiuri moqmedebebi gare­
moSi. Tu raime SemTxveviTi moqmedeba sasargeblo aRmoCndeba,
misi ganmtkiceba xdeba miR­weuli SedegiT.

sxeulebriv-kinesTetikuri inteleqtis mqone adamianebi _

am tipis inteleqtis mqone adamianebs aqvT sxeulis marTvis,
misi moZraobebis gakontrolebisa da Secvlis kargi unari.
am tipis adamianebs kargad exerxebaT fizikuri aqtivobebi.
isini yvelaze kargad `keTebis~ procesSi, anu aqtiuri swav­
lebiT, moZraobebiT da samuSaos xeliT Sesrulebis dros
swavloben (ix. gardneris Teoria mravalmxrivi inteleqtis
Sesaxeb).

42
 uznaZis midgomebi TamaSsa da swavlaze _ cnobili qarTve­
li fsiqologi dimitri uznaZe (1886-1950w.w.) Tavisi Teoriis
fargleb­Si aSuqebs bavSvis TamaSisa da swavlis fsiqologiur
bunebas da funqcias.
uznaZis azriT, moZraoba, aqtiuroba yvela cocxali or­
ganizmis bunebrivi mdgo­mareobaa. cocxali organizmis asamo­

Tavi I
qmedeblad masze raime gamRiz­ianebelis zemoqmedeba aucile­
beli ar aris. cocxali organizmis bunebrivi Ta­viseburebaa
masSi arsebuli Zalebis moqmedeba, aqtivoba. am Tavisebure­
bas uznaZe funqcionalur tendencias uwodebs.
d. uznaZis Teoriis Tanaxmad, TamaSis ZiriTad arss bavS­
vis Ses­aZleblobaTa aqtivacia warmoadgens. kerZod, bavSvi

swavlasa da swavlebasTAn dakavSirebuli

ara mxolod im ZalebiTaa aRWurvili, romelic biologiu­
rad mniSvnelova­nia misi ganviTarebis am etapze, aramed im

cnebebi, terminebi da Teoriebi

ZalebiTac, romelic man memkvidreobiT miiRo da romelic
mniSvnelovani iqneba gan­viTarebis Semdgom etapebze.

43
 Tavi II
samedicino terminebi, diagnozebi da cnebebi

abilitacia (Habilitation) _ sxvadasxva specialuri programis,

aqtivobis, midgomis gamoyenebiT, axali unar_Cvevebis
ganviTarebis xelSewyoba SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis
mqone pirebisTvis.
agnozia (Agnosia) _ (berZn. a uary. naw., gnosis Semecneba,
cod­na) _ saganTa, adamianTa da movlenaTa cnobis unaris
nawilobrivi an sruli dakargva, rac Tavis tvinis qerqis
sxvadasxva saxis dazianebiTaa gamowveuli. arCeven agno­
ziis smeniT, mxedvelobiT, taqtilur ( anu SexebiT) da
sxva formebs. agnozias ar iwvevs sensoruli problemebi
(mag. mxedvelobis an smenis darRveva), yuradRebis kon­
centraciis an saganTa da movleneTa dasaxelebis uuna­
roba.
agrafia (Agraphia) _ (berZn. a uary. naw., grapho vwer) _ Tavis
tvinis sxvadasxva warmoSobis dazianebis Tu disfunqciis
Sedegad weris unaris darRveva. agrafia, Cveulebriv, Tan
axlavs afazias (ix. afazia) da aleqsias (ix. aleqsia), Tum­
ca, calkeul SemTxvevebSi, SeiZleba sxva lingvisturi
darRvevebis gareSec gamovlindes.
akalkulia (Acalculia) _ Tavis tvinis dazianebis Sedegad
anga­riSis unaris SeZenili darRveva. xSirad Tan axlavs
aleqsia (ix. aleqsia) da ricxvebis agrafia (ix. agrafia).
akalkuliis dros irRveva rogorc weriTi, aseve zepiri
angariSis unari. akalkuliis msubuqi formebis SemTx­
vevaSi, martivi opreaciebis ganxorcieleba, rogoricaa

44
 mimateba-gamokleba, jer kidev SesaZlebelia, Tumca gam­

a
ravleba-gayofis operaciebi mTlinad SeuZlebelia.
alalia (Alalia) _ rusuli logopeduri skolis klasifikaciis
Tanaxmad, metyvelebis ganviTarebis procesis darRveva;
axasiaTebs metyvelebis ganviTarebis neli tempi an mety­
velebis uunaroba.

Tavi II
aleqsia (Alexia) _ (berZn. a uary. naw., lexis sityva) _ Tavis
tvi­nis dazianebis an disfunqciis Sedegad kiTxvis unaris
SeZenili darRveva. Cveulebriv, vlindeba rogorc afa­
ziis (ix. afazia) erT-erTi simptomi.
anoreqsia (Anorexia) _ kvebiTi aSlilobis forma, romelic
vlindeba sakvebis miRebis survilis Sesustebis an sruli
dakargvis saxiT.

samedicino terminebi, diagnozebi da cnebebi

anoqsia (Anoxia) _ sxeulis romelime nawilis qsovilSi an mis
mkvebav sisxlZarRvTa sistemaSi Jangbadis nakleboba.
aspergeris sindromi (Asperger syndrome) _ /autisturi speq­
t­­ris darRveva/ _ mdgomareoba, roca adamians ganviTare­
buli metyveleba da normaluri inteleqti aqvs, magram
uWirs komunikacia, axasiaTebs wesebisa da ritualebis
ak­viatebuli dacva, ucnauri, eqscentruli qceva.
apraqsia (Apraxia) _ Tavis tvinis dazianebis Sedegad, nas­
wavli, mizandasaxuli moZraobebis ganxorcielebis uuna­
roba.
artikulaciis specifikuri darRveva _ metyvelebiTi bge­re­
bis warmoTqmis problemebi, ris gamoc bavSvi amaxinjebs
calkeul bgerebs, metyvelebisas tovebs asoebs, amatebs
an cvlis erT bgeras meoreTi. am Secdomebis gamo bavSvis
metyveleba xSirad gaugebaria garSemo myofTaTvis. ar­
tikulaciis specifikuri darRveva ar iwvevs metyvelebis
ganviTarebis darRvevas.
ataqsia (Ataxia) _ (berZn. a uary. naw., taxis ganlageba, ganrigi,
wesrigi) _ nebismier moZraobaTa koordinaciis darRveva.
vlindeba rogorc moZraobis, aseve dgomis dros.

45
 inkluziuri ganaTleba cnebebi da terminebi

atipiuri autizmi (Atypical autism) _ ganviTarebis pervasiuli

aSliloba, romelic autizmisgan gansxvavdeba dawyebis
asakiT, an ar vlindeba autizmis yvela diagnostikuri
kriteriumis samive sferoSi (metyveleba, komunikacia,
stereotipuli qceva).
audiograma (Audiogram) _ arsebuli smenis vizualuri rep­
rezentacia. audiograma grafikulad zomavs smenis Sem­
deg sixSireebs: 250Hz  500 Hz  1000Hz  2000Hz  4000Hz 
6000Hz  and 8000Hz.  bgerebis daxasiaTeba SesaZlebelia
maTi sixSiris (simaRlis) da intensivobis (xmamaRla,
xmadabla) terminebiT. sixSire izomeba hercebSi (Hz). in­
tensivoba, anu xmamaRlobis an xmadablobis maCvenebeli,
izomeba decibelebSi (dB).
audiologia (Audiology) _ mecniereba smenis Sesaxeb. kavSir­
Sia smenis etiologiasTan, smenis daqveiTebis identifi­
kaciasa da SefasebasTan, aseve smenis daqveiTebis mqone
pirTa sareabilitacio momsaxurebasTan.
audiologi (Audiologist) _ Sesabamisi ganaTlebis mqone spe­
cialisti, romelic smenas afasebs da smenis daqveiTebis
mqone pirebs sTavazobs sareabilitacio momsaxurebas.
autizmi (Autism) _ Tavis tvinis ganviTarebis neirobiolo­
giuri darRvevis Sedegi, rac mniSvnelovan gavlenas ax­
dens bavSvis verbaluri da araverbaluri komunikaciis
damyarebis, socialuri urTierTobebis Camoyalibebisa
da gonebrivi ganviTarebis procesebze. autizmis mqone
bavSvs darRvevebi aqvs socialuri unarebis, komunikaci­
is, metyvelebisa da qcevis ganviTarebaSi.
afazia (Aphasia) _ (berZn. a uary. naw., phasis metyveleba) _
metyvelebis darRveva Tavis tvinis dazianebis Sedegad.
xasiaTdeba dasaxelebis, verbaluri moqnilobis, gagebisa
da gameorebis, aseve werisa da kiTxvis sxvadasxva saxis
aSlilobebiT. arsebobs afaziis bevri forma Tavis tvi­

46
 a b g
nis dazianebis lokalizaciis, metyvelebis darRveuli
funqciisa da formis mixedviT. mniSvnelovania aRiniS­
nos, rom afazia viTardeba maSin, rodesac pacients Tavis
tvinis dazianebamde metyvelebis ganviTarebis problema
ar aReniSneboda.

Tavi II
b

bavSvobis dezintegraciuli aSliloba (Childhood disintegra-

tive disorder) _ miekuTvneba pervesiuli (yovlismomcve­
li) aSlilobebis jgufs da xasiaTdeba sul mcire 2 wlis
asakamde metyvelebis, komunikaciuri unarebis, TamaSisa

samedicino terminebi, diagnozebi da cnebebi

da adaptaciuri qcevebis normaluri ganviTarebiT, Semd­
gom ki metyvelebisa da komunikaciis SeZenili unarebis,
TamaSisa da adaptaciuri qcevebis uecari an TandaTano­
biTi dakargviT.

ganviTarebis Seferxeba (Developmental delay) _ bavSvis fizi­

kur, kognitur, qceviT, emociur an socialur ganviTa­
rebaSi asakabovriv normasTan (TanatolebTan) SedarebiT,
ganviTarebis mniSvnelovani CamorCena (Seferxeba, Sene­
leba).
goldenharis sindromi (Goldenhar syndrome) _ iSviaTi Tan­
dayolili sindromi, romlisTvisac damaxasiaTebelia
yuris, cxviris, rbili sasis, tuCebis da qveda ybis aras­
ruli ganviTareba.
gonebrivi CamorCeniloba (Intelectual Disability) _ fsiqikuri
ganviTarebis darRvevis forma. aRniSnuli mdgomareoba
Tavs iCens adreul asakSi da mTeli cxovrebis manZil­
ze gavlenas axdens adamianis fsiqikur ganviTarebasa

47
 inkluziuri ganaTleba cnebebi da terminebi

da Cvevebis Camoyalibebis procesze. gonebriv CamorCe­

nilobas axasiaTebs inteleqtualuri funqcionirebis
daqveiTeba da adaptaciuri unarebis (komunikacia, TviT­
momsaxureba, socialuri Cvevebi, swavla, muSaoba, das­
veneba, saojaxo saqmianoba) ori an meti sferos darRveva.
gonebrivi CamorCenilobis xarisxebi:
 msubuqi gonebrivi CamorCeniloba /IQ 50-69/ (Light In-
telectual disability) gonebrivi CamorCenilobisa da fsi­
qikuri ganviTarebis darRvevis forma, rodesac:
- mozrdilebSi gonebrivi asaki Seesabameba 9-12 wels;
- vlindeba normaluri socialuri urTierTobebis da­
myarebisa da sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi monawileo­
bis miRebis unari.
 saSualo gonebrivi CamorCeniloba /IQ 36-49/ (Intelectual
disability) _ gonebrivi CamorCenilobisa da fsiqikuri
ganviTarebis darRvevis forma, rodesac:
- mozrdilebSi gonebrivi asaki Seesabameba 6-9 wels;
- irRveva TviTmomsaxurebis unarebi;
- umravlesobas SeuZlia SeiZinos adekvaturi komiuni­
kaciuri da sabazo akademiuri unarebi;
- saWiroebs sxvadasxva donis daxmarebas sazogadoe­
baSi cxovrebasa da muSaobisTvis.
 mZime gonebrivi CamorCeniloba /IQ 20-49/ (Severe Intelec-
tual disability)) _ gonebrivi CamorCenilobisa da fsiqi­
kuri ganviTarebis darRvevis forma, rodesac:
- mozrdilebSi gonebrivi asaki Seesabameba 3-6 wels;
- Cveulebriv saWiroebs mudmiv daxmarebas.
 Rrma gonebrivi CamorCeniloba /IQ 20-ze naklebia/
(Profound Intelectual disability)) _ gonebrivi CamorCeni­
lobisa da fsiqikuri ganviTarebis darRvevis forma,
rodesac:

48
 g d
- mozrdilebSi gonebrivi asaki Seesabameba 3 wlamde
asaks;
- vlindeba TviTmomsaxurebis, gadaadgilebis da ko­
munikaciis mZime darRvevebi.

Tavi II
daunis sindromi (Down Syndrome) _ qromosomuli darR­
veva, romlis drosac adamians 46 qromosomis nacvlad
aqvs 47 qromosoma (21_e qromosomaze wyvilis nacvlad
aris sami qromosoma). zedmeti qromosoma iwvevs dau­
nis sindromis­Tvis damaxasiaTebel fizikur da fsiqikur

samedicino terminebi, diagnozebi da cnebebi

Taviseburebebs. daunis sindromisTvis damaxasiaTebeli
yvelaze gavrcelebuli fizikuri niSnebia: kunTTa daba­
li tonusi-hipotonia; saxis brtyeli profili; cxviris
farTo, CaRrmavebuli xidi, patara cxviri; Tvalis iri­
bi Wrili; deformirebuli yuri; mokle, farTo xelebi,
xelisgulze erTi Rrma xazi; me-5 TiTze oris nacvlad
erTi mosaxreli saxsari; didi daSoreba fexis did da
meore TiTs Soris; piris patara zoma; piris zomasTan Se­
darebiT didi ena; ganieri terfi patara TiTebiT; mokle
kiseri; patara Tavi; epikantusi _ Tvalebis Sida kuTxe­
Si kanis patara naoWi. daunis sindromis mqone bavSvebSi
xSiria: gulis Tandayolili manki, saWmlis gadamuSavebis
problemebi, bavSvobis periodis leikemia, mxedvelobis
da smenis darRvevebi. daunis sindromisaTvis damaxasi­
aTebelia sxvadasxva xarisxis gonebrivi CamorCeniloba.
dizontogenezi (Dysontogenesis) _ [berZn. dys- darRveuli,
man­kieri, (on naT.ontos) arseba, genesis warmoSoba] _ on­
togenezis darRveva, individis normaluri ganviTarebis
darRveva anu anomaluri ganviTareba ganpirobebuli
endo da egzogenuri faqtorebiT.

49
 inkluziuri ganaTleba cnebebi da terminebi

disleqsia (Dyslexia) _ disleqsia, viwro mniSvnelobiT, kiTx­

vis unaris darRveva, xolo farTo mniSvnelobiT, met­
yvelebiT gaSualebuli swavlis unaris daqveiTeba, rome­
lic xasiaTdeba kiTxvis, werisa da zepiri metyvelebis
problemebiT.
disleqsiis saxeebi (Types of Dyslexia):
diseideturi disleqsia (Dyseidetic dyslexia) _ sityvis, ro­
gorc mTlianobis, aRqmisa da wakiTxvis darRveva. am Sem­
TxvevaSi SeuZlebelia sityvebis vizualuri konfigura­
ciis cnoba, Tumca SesaZlebelia fonetikuri analizi.
disfazia (Dysphasia) _ Tavis tvinis dazianebiT gamowveuli
metyvelebis darRveva, laparakisa da sxvisi naTqvamis
gagebis sruli an nawilobrivi SeuZlebloba.
disfonetikuri disleqsia (Dysphonetc dyslexia) _ asosa da
bgeras Soris mimarTebis gagebis siZnele. am SemTxvevaSi
adgili aqvs sityvis fonetikuri analizis (fonetikuri
dekodireba/kodirebis) darRvevas, sityvis wakiTxva vi­
zualuri niSnebis mixedviT xdeba.
Sereuli difonetikuri–diseideturi disleqsia (Mixed
dyseidetc_disphonetic dyslexia) _ rogorc sityvaSi asosa
da bgeras Soris mimarTebis gagebisa da identifikaciis,
aseve sityvis, rogorc vizualuri mTloanobis aRqmisa
da wakiTxvis unaris darRveva.
L–tipis disleqsia (L_type dyslexia) _ kiTxvisas darRveulia
marjvena hemisferosTvis damaxasiaTebeli strategiebis
gamoyeneba, am tipis disleqsiis mqone adamianebi kiTxvi­
sas upiratesad lingvistur (fonologiur) strategias
mimarTaven. isini kiTxuloben swrafad, magram arazustad
da asoebis gamotovebiT.
P–tipis disleqsia (P_type dyslexia) _ kiTxvisas darRveulia
marcxena hemisferosTvis damaxasiaTebeli strategiebis
gamoyeneba. am tipis disleqsiis mqone adamianebi kiTx­

50
 d e
visas upiratesad vizualur_sivrciT strategias mimar­
Taven. isini kiTxuloben nela, fragmentulad, magram
zustad.
disfunqcia (Dysfunction) _ organos anomaliuri an arasru­
lyofili funqcionireba.

Tavi II
e

egocentrizmi (Egocentrism) _ mxolod sakuTar `me”-ze zrun­

va da/an sakuTar saWiroebebsa da survilebze koncen­
trireba.
emociuri sferos darRvevebi (Emotional disorders) _ dar­

samedicino terminebi, diagnozebi da cnebebi

Rveva, romelic pirvel rigSi gavlenas axdens qcevaze,
guneba-ganwyobilebasa da emociebze.
epilefsia (Epilepsy) _ [berZn. epilepsia daWera, Seteva, (epi-
lambano xels vtaceb, viWer)] _ Tavis tvinis qronikuli
daavadeba, romelic xasiaTdeba ganmeorebiTi epilefsiu­
ri gulyrebiT.
epilefsiuri gulyra _ gulyrebi mravalferovania da SeiZ­
leba hqondes krunCxvis, cnobierebis Secvlis, fsiqo-mo­
toruli aRgznebis, mgrZnobelobis, emociuri da vegeta­
tiuri funqciebis moSlilobis saxe.
etiologia (Etiology) _ [berZn. Aitia (aetia) mizezi, logos moZ­
Rvreba] _ 1. moZRvreba daavadebis warmomSobi mizezebisa
da pirobebis Sesaxeb; 2. ama Tu im daavadebis gamomwvevi
mizezebi.
eqolalia (Echolalia) _ sxvisi naTqvami sityvebis an frazebis
uneblie gameoreba.

51
 inkluziuri ganaTleba cnebebi da terminebi

verbaluri dispraqsia (Verbal dyspraxia) _ metyvelebis mo­

toruli darRveva, rac vlindeba sametyvelo aparatis
kunTebis moqmedebis programirebis darRvevaSi. verbal­
uri dispraqsiis mqone bavSvs uWirs bgerebis, marcvlebi­
sa da sityvebis gamoTqma, radgan ar SeuZlia pirisTvis
(mag. tuCebi, ena, nikapi) metyvelebisTvis saWiro pozis
micema. amis Sedegad bavSvebi ver aerTianeben bgerebs
marcvlebSi da marcvlebs sityvebSi.
vestibularuli aparati (Vestibular aparatus) _ Sida yuris
sistema, romelic afiqsirebs sxeulis moZraobasa da
pozis cvlilebebs.
vestibularuli sistema (Vestibular system) _ sensoruli sis­
tema romelic pasuxismgebelia wonasworobaze, sivr­ceSi
orientaciasa da moZraobebze.
viliamsis sindromi (Williams syndrome) _ neiroganviTarebis
iSviaTi genetikuri darRveva, romelsac iwvevs me-7 qro­
mosomaze genetikuri masalis nakleboba im genis CaTvliT,
romelic cilis elastins qmnis. misTvis damaxasiaTebelia
mkafiod gamoxatuli `elfiseburi~ saxe da dabali cxvi­
ris Zvali, qcevis uCveulod mxiaruli manera da ucxo
adamianebTan kontaqtis advili damyareba. aseve sindro­
misTvis damaxasiaTebelia sxvadasxva unaris araTanabari
ganviTareba, rac ganviTarebis Seferxebis da/an swavlis
unaris darRvevis saxiT vlindeba da kombinirebulia kar­
gad ganviTarebul eqspresiul metyvelebasTan. viliam­
sis sindromis mqone pirebSi xSiria kardiovaskularuli
problemebi.

52
 v T i
T

Tandayolili (born) _ dabadebisas arsebuli.

Tandayolili darRveva (Congenital disorder) _ mucladyofnis
periodSi nayofis dazianebis Sedegi. SesaZloa gamowveu­
li iyos genetikuri an qromosomuli anomaliiT an Tavad

Tavi II
saSvilosnoSi arsebuli problemiT. darRvevis Sedegebi
bevradaa damokidebuli dazianebis simZimesa da dabadebis
Semdgomi garemos rTul urTierTqmedebaze
Tvali_xelis koordinacia (Eye_Hand coordination) _ Tvalis
moZraobis xelis moZraobasTan kombinirebis unari. mxed­
velobis saSualebiT xelebis moZraobis kontroli.

samedicino terminebi, diagnozebi da cnebebi

TviT_mastimulirebeli qceva (Self_ stimulatory behavior) _
ganmeorebadi, stereotipuli, funqciurad damoukidebe­
li qceva, rogoricaa rweva, xelis an mklavis qneva, Tva­
lis sresa da a.S.
TviTmimarTva (Self_referencing) _ sakuTari gamocdilebis,
rogorc informaciis wyaros gamoyeneba.

idiopaTiuri (Idiopathic) _ spontanuri da/an ucnobi warmo­

Sobis paTologiuri mdgomareoba, romelic ar warmoad­
gens raime sxva daavadebis an tramvis Sedegs.
intervencia (Intervention) _ saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, pirovnebis­
Tvis gaweuli prevenciuli, samkurnalo, kompensatoruli
an sasicocxlod mniSvnelovani momsaxureba.

53
 inkluziuri ganaTleba cnebebi da terminebi

kros-modaluri (Cross_Modal) _ erTze meti meTodis mom­

cveli.
krunCxva/gulyra (Seizures) _ warmoiSoba Tavis tvinis qer­
quli neironebis uecari, Zlieri da hipersinqronuli
ganmuxtvis Sedegad. gamoyofen krunCxvis or ZiriTad
jgufs: fokluri anu parcialuri gulyrebi, romlis
drosac sawyisi ganmuxtva dakavSirebulia Tavis tvinis
erTi hemisferos ama Tu im ubanTan da generalizebu­
li gulyrebi, romelic simultanurad axdens gavlenas
orive hemisferoze.

memkvidreobiTi (Heredity) _ mSoblebisgan, erTi genis an ge­

nebis kompleqsiT gadacemuli damaxasiaTebeli niSnebi.
mxedvelobis darRveva (Vision impairement): mxedvelobis
darRveva an susti mxedveloba niSnavs, rom saTvaleebis,
kontaqturi linzebis, samedicino da Tavad qirurgiuli
Carevis Sedegadac ki, adamaians uWirs danaxva. mxedve­
lo­bis darRveva moicavs areals mxedvelobis susti daq­
veiTebidan srul usinaTloobamde.
mxedvelobiTi /vizualuri/ dacva (Visual defensiveness) _ ga­
daWarbebuli mgrZnobeloba sinaTlis mimarT. adamianebi
Tavs arideben karg ganaTebas (dRis Suqi; televizoris
gamosxiveba da a.S.), ramdgan is iwvevs Tvalebis tkivils.
mxedvelobiTi (vizualuri) informacia (Visual information) )
_ mxedvelobiTi SegrZnebis gziT miRebuli informacia.
mxedvelobiTi mexsiereba (Visual memory) _ vizualuri in­
formaciis kodireba, Senaxva da aRdgena.

54
 k m n
mxedvelobis simaxvilis da usinaTlobis klasifikacia (Clas-
sification of low vision):
· msubuqi _ Mild _ 20/30-20/60
· saSualo _ Moderate _ 20/70-20/160
· mZime _ Severe _ 20/200-20/400
· Rrma _ Profound _ 20/500-20/1,000

Tavi II
· usinaTlobasTan /sibrmavesTan/ miaxloebuli _ 20/1,000
naklebi
· usinaTloba /sibrmave/ total blindness, no Light Percep-
tion _ sinaTlis SegrZnebis, danaxvis unaris arqona.
mxedvelobis veli (Visual field) _ rodesac normalurad mxed­
veli adamianis mzera win aris mimarTuli, is xedavs aseve

samedicino terminebi, diagnozebi da cnebebi

orive mxares (marjvniv da marcxniv) Tvalis moZraobis
gareSe. es areali, romelic erTdroulad aRiqmeba uZra­
vi, win mimarTuli mzeriT, aris mxedvelobis veli. mxed­
velobis nervebi orive Tvalidan isea ganawilebuli, rom
nervuli boWkoebi orive Tvalis marjvena nawilidan mi­
emarTeba Tavis tvinis marjvena nawilSi da nervuli boW­
koebi orive Tvalis marcxena nawilidan _ Tavis tvinis
marcxena nawilSi.

nayofis alkoholuri sindromi (Fetal alcohol syndrome) _ vi­

Tardeba mucladyofnis periodSi, orsulis mier alko­
holis Warbi, sistematuri miRebis Sedegad da Seuqcevad
xasiaTs atarebs. nayofis alkoholuri sindromi Tan­
dayolili defeqtebis erTobliobaa, romelic moicavs
centraluri nervuli sistemis disfunqcias, qala-sax­
is anomaliebs, qcevisa da fsiqikuri ganviTarebis dar­
Rvevebs.

55
 inkluziuri ganaTleba cnebebi da terminebi

nawilobriv mxedveli (Partially sighted) _ termini, romelic

oficialurad gamoiyeneba 20/70-dan 20/200-mde mxedve­
lobis simaxvilis aRsawerad. aseve gamoiyeneba mxedvelo­
bis iseTi daqveiTebis aRsawerad, rodesac `gamoyenebadi~
mxedveloba SenarCunebulia.
nevrologiuri (Neurological) _ centraluri nervul siste­
masTan dakavSirebuli.
nevrologiuri darRvevebi (Neurological disorder) _ darRveva
centraluri nervuli sistemis funqcionirebaSi.
nistagmi (Nystagmus) _ [berZn. nystagmos Tvlema] _ Tvalis
kaklis uneblie, ritmuli, sinqronuli gverdiTi, zeviT-
qveviT mimarTulebis an brunviTi xasiaTis moZraobebi.
SeiZleba iyos Tandayolili, an SeZenili (mravlobiTi
sklerozis, labirinTis an naTxemis daavadebisa da sxv.
dros).
norma (Norm) _ saSualo, zogadi an standartuli mdgoma­
reoba raime konkretul pirobebSi. norma aRwers saSu­
alo, tipur an Cveulebriv mdgomareobas (mag. ama Tu im
konkretulis asakis bavSvis mier miRwevebis testSi miRe­
buli saSualo qula an axalSobilis saSualo wona).
normaze dafuZnebuli testebi (Norm_referenced tests) _
testebi, romelTa saSualebiTac xdeba individis fun­
qcionirebis maCveneblebis Sedareba, imave asakis sxva
individebis maCveneblebTan. mag. bavSvis kiTxvis unar-
Cvevebis Sedareba, amave asakis yvela sxva bavSvis kvle­
vaze dafuZnebul saSualo maCvenebelTan.

okularuli (mxedvelobiTi) (Ocular) _ TvalTan dakavSire­

buli.

56
 n o p s
otologia (otiatria) (Otology) _ biomedicinis dargi, ro­
melic swavlobs rogorc yuris normalur anatomias
da fiziologias, ise mis daavadebebs, diagnostikasa da
mkurnalobas.

Tavi II
paTologia (Pathology) _ mecniereba daavadebis warmoSobisa
da daavadebiT gamowveuli struqturuli da funqciona­
luri cvlilebebis Sesaxeb.
pediatria (Pediatrics) _ medicinis sfero, romelic Cvilis,
bavSvisa da mozardis janrTelobis sakiTxebiTaa dakave­

samedicino terminebi, diagnozebi da cnebebi

buli.
postnataluri (Postnatal) _ dabadebis Semdgom aRmocenebuli.
prenataluri (Prenatal) _ dabadebamde (mucladyofnis peri­
odSi) arsebuli an aRmocenebuli.
presbiopia / distanciuri mxedveloba/ (Presbyopia) _ [berZn.
presbys moxuci, opsis mxedveloba] _ moxucebulobiTi
Sorsmxedveloba. naTeli mxedvelobis uaxlesi wertilis
Secvla, rac asakTan dakavSirebuli brolis elastiuro­
bis daqveiTebis Sedegia; asakSi Sesuli adamianebi or­
mxriv amozneqil saTvaleebs xmaroben, romlebic avsebs
brolis dasustebul gardamtexunarianobas.

socialuri komunikaciis darRveva (Social Communication

Disorder) _ axasiaTebs metyvelebis, Jestebis, mzerisa da
mimikis gamoyenebis problemebi sxvebTan komunikaciis
dawyebisa da gagrZelebisas. am dros bavSvs uWirs sau­
barSi adekvaturad CarTva, distanciis dacva da mimarT­

57
 inkluziuri ganaTleba cnebebi da terminebi

visa da komunikaciis swori formebis gamoyeneba imis

mixedviT, Tu vis esaubreba _ maswavlebels, mSobels, me­
gobars Tu ucxo adamians.

ynosviTi dacva (Olfactory defensiveness) _ gadaWarbebuli

mgrZnobeloba an reaqcia sunebze.
yru-usinaTlo (Deaf_ blind) _ vizualuri da smeniTi darR­
vevebis mqone piri
yuradRebis deficitisa da hiperaqtiurobis sindromi
(ADHD –Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) _ cent­
raluri nervuli sistemis funqcionirebis darRveva,
romelic moicavs yuradRebis koncentraciis deficits
(uyuradReboba, gonebagafantuloba), impulsurobas (un­
eblie qcevis SeCerebisa da gakontrolebis sirTule),
hiperaqtiurobas (fizikuri mousvenroba, moZraobaTa si­
Warbe), rasac xSirad erTvis emociuri moumwifebloba,
agresiuloba da dabali akademiuri moswreba.

SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis modelebi (Models of disabili-

ties) _ SezRuduli SesaZleblobis modelebi xsnis da
sxva­dasxva WrilSi ganixilavs individis SezRudul SesaZ­
leblobas Tu specialur saganmanaTleblo saWiroebas.
arsebobs ori ZiriTadi modeli, romelic yvelaze metad
axdens gavlenas SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis Sesaxeb
arse­bul Tanamedrove Sexedulebebze. es aris SezRudu­
li SesaZleblobebis samedicino modeli da SezRuduli
SesaZeblobebis socialuri modeli.

58
 y S
SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone piri _ adamiani, romelsac
daavadebis, travmis, gonebrivi Tu fizikuri defeqtis
Sedegad, janmrTelobis met-naklebad moSlis gamo, darR­
veuli aqvs organizmis sasicocxlo funqciebi. es ki ga­
napirobebs profesiuli Sromis unaris srul an nawilo­
briv dakargvas, anda yofacxovrebis arsebiT gaZnelebas,

Tavi II
rasac igi mihyavs qmedobaunarianobis droebiT an mudmiv
SezRudvamde da socialuri dacvis saWiroebamde (saqar­
Tvelos kanoni samedicino, socialuri eqspertizis Ses­
axeb, zogadi debuleba, muxli 3, http://moh.gov.ge/ge_
pdf/kanonebi/8.pdf);
dakavSirebuli cnebebis ganmarteba (iqve):

samedicino terminebi, diagnozebi da cnebebi

T) qmediTunarianoba _ TviTmomsaxurebis, gadaadgilebis,
orientaciis, urTierTobis, TviTkontrolis, swavli­
sa da SromiTi saqmianobis unari;
i) qmediTunarianobis SezRudva _ janmrTelobis moSliT
gamowveuli adamianis saqmianobis normidan gadaxra,
rac xasiaTdeba TviTmomsaxurebis, gadaadgilebis,
ori­entaciis, urTierTobis, TviTkontrolis, swavli­
sa da SromiTi saqmianobis unaris SezRudviT;
k) qmediTunarianobis SezRudvis xarisxi _ janmrTelobis
moSlis Sedegad gamowveuli adamianis saqmianobis nor­
midan gadaxris sidide.
sityva `invalidi~ saqarTvelos parlamentis dadgeni­
lebiT, 1995 wlidan amoRebulia xmarebidan da Canacv­
lebulia terminiT `SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone
piri”.
SezRuduli SesaZleblobis samedicino modeli (Medical
model of disability) _ samedicino modelis mixedviT, Sez­
Ruduli SesaZlebloba ganixileba, rogorc SezRuduli
SesaZleblobis mqone piris problema, sirTule, „naklo­
vaneba“. imisTvis, rom ganxorcieldes SezRuduli SesaZ­

59
 inkluziuri ganaTleba cnebebi da terminebi

leblobebis mqone piris sazogadoebaSi integracia, unda

moxdes am „naklovanebis“ aRmofxvra (Tuki es SesaZlebe­
lia), anu unda Seicvalos Tavad individi, moergos gare­
mos da sazogadoebis moTxovnebs.
SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis socialuri modeli (Social
Model of Disability) _ socialuri modelis Tanaxmad, ada­
mianis SesaZleblobebs zRudavs is fizikuri, socialuri
Tu sxva barierebi, romelic arsebobs garemosa da so­
ciumSi. sociumi da garemo Tavisi wyobiT da organize­
biT axdens SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone adamiane­
bis diskriminacias da maTi sazogadoebrivi cxovrebidan
gariyvas. socialur modelSi aqcenti keTdeba garemosa
da sociumis, da ara individis, adaptirebis saWiroebaze,
raTa garemoSi maqsimalurad Semcirdes is barierebi, ro­
melic zRudavs adamianis SesaZleblobebs da aqcevs mas
SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirad.
SfoTviTi reaqcia (Anxiety reaction) _ xSirad warmoiSoba obieq­
turi mizezis ararsebobis fonze. warmoadgens fiziolo­
giur da fsiqologiur mdgomareobas, romelic xasiaTdeba
SiSis Zleri SegrZnebiT, safrTxis gancdiT da Tan axlavs
iseTi fizikuri simptomebi, rogorebicaa oflianoba, gax­
Sirebuli pulsi, sunT­qvis garTuleba da sxva.

centraluri nervuli sistema (Central nervous system) _ ner­

vuli sistemis nawili, urTierTdakavSirebuli nervu­
li boWkoebis rTuli qseli, romelic aerTianebs Tavis
tvinsa da zurgis tvins da pasuxismgebelia organizmis
yvela nawilis aqtivobaze.

60
 S c
cerebruli dambla (Cerebral palsy) _ Tavis tvinis erTi an
ram­denime ubnis dazianebis an ganviTarebis darRvevis
Sedegi, romelsac axasiaTebs sxeulis moZraobebisa da
kunTTa tonusis sxvadasxva saxisa da xarisxis darRveva.
bavSvis Tavis tvini SeiZleba daziandes muclad yofnis,
mSobiarobis an Cvilobis dros. cerebrul damblas Ses­

Tavi II
aZlebelia ganviTarebis sxva darRvevebic axldes, maga­
liTad, gonebrivi CamorCeniloba, epilefsia, mxedvelo­
biTi da smeniTi darRvevebi. kunTTa tonusis darRvevebis
mixedviT gamoyofen cerebruli damblis Semdeg formebs:
spastiuri forma (Spastic Cerebral Palsy) _ kunTebis maRa­
li tonusi, kunTebis daWimuloba. cerebruli damblis

samedicino terminebi, diagnozebi da cnebebi

yvelaze gavrcelebuli forma. adamians uWirs pozis Se­
c­v­la, erTi pozidan meoreSi gadasvla, nebiTi moZraobis
Sesruleba.
aTe­to­i­du­ri for­ma (Athe­to­id Cerebral Palsy) _ am dros kun­
T­Ta to­nu­si mer­ye­obs sus­t­sa da Zli­ers So­ris, ad­gi­li aqvs
spaz­mebs, kun­T­Ta to­nu­sis awe­vis Se­te­vebs daq­ve­iT ­ e­bu­li
to­nu­sis fon­ze. amis ga­mo, bav­Sv­ ebs aRe­niS­ne­baT uneb­lie
moZ­ra­o­be­bi _ hi­per­ki­ne­ze­bi, ro­mel­Tac ver akon­t­ro­le­ben
(ki­du­re­bis, sa­xis kun­Te­bis, kis­ris). bav­S­vis ne­bi­Ti mo­to­
ru­li aq­ti­vo­ba gar­Tu­le­bu­li­a, uWirs sxva­das­x­va po­zis mi­
Re­ba da Se­nar­Cu­ne­ba, ele­men­ta­ru­li moq­me­de­bis Se­su­le­ba.
ataqsiuri forma (Ataxic Cerebral Palsy) _ xasiaTdeba moZ­
raobis koordinaciis, wonasworobis darRveviT kunTTa
daZa­bulobasTan an modunebasTan erTad.
ato­nu­ri for­ma (Ato­nic Cerebral Palsy) _ `rbi­li~ for­ma,
ro­de­sac ga­mo­xa­tu­lia kun­T­Ta to­nu­sis Zli­e­ri daq­ve­i­
Te­ba, kun­Te­bis mo­du­ne­ba. ada­mi­ans uWirs Ta­vis da­We­ra,
did­xans jdo­ma, dgo­ma, si­a­ru­li, sxe­u­li moS­ve­bu­li­a.
kidurebis dazianebis mixedviT ganasxvaveben cerebruli
damb­­lis Semdeg formebs:

61
 inkluziuri ganaTleba cnebebi da terminebi

ormagi hemiplegia _ cerebruli damblis forma, rodesac

mo­to­ruli darRvevebi oTxive kidurSi vlindeba, magram
ufro gamoxatulia xelebSi, vidre fexebSi.
spastikuri diplegia (litlis sindromi) _ cerebruli
damb­lis yvelaze xSiri forma. misTvis damaxasiaTebe­
lia motoruli darRvevebi oTxive kidurSi, magram ufro
Zlierad qveda kidurebSi. di- niSnavs ors, xolo plegia-
damblas. vlindeba pirvelive TveebSi.
spastikuri hemiplegia _ he­mi- niS­navs na­xe­vars, ple­gi­a-
dam­b­las. igi xa­si­aT­de­ba mo­to­ru­li dar­R­ve­ve­biT sxe­u­lis
ro­me­li­me mxa­res, am dros fe­xe­bi nak­le­bad zi­an­de­ba, vid­­­
re xe­le­bi.
tetraplegia _ rodesac oTxive kidurSi Zlier gamoxatu­
lia motoruli darRvevebi, rac ukiduresad amZimebs
bavSvis mdgomreobas.

xmis darRveva (Voice disorder) _ xmis tembris, simaRlis an

xarisxis darRveva, rac msmenels xels uSlis misi met­
yvelebis gagebaSi. am darRvevas SeiZleba Tan axldes tki­
vilis SegrZneba laparakis dros.

hemofilia (Hemohilia) _ Tromboplastinisa da fibrinis ga­

momuSavebis nakleboba, ris gamoc sisxli kargavs Sede­
debis unars da mcire nakawrmac ki SeiZleba sasikvdilo
sisxldena gamoiwvios.
hidrocefalia _ wyalmanki (Hydrocephalus, «water on the
brain») _ paTologiuri mdgomareoba, romelic Tavis qa­

62
 s x h
laSi Tav-zurg-tvinis siTxis Warbi raodenobiT xasiaT­
deba. mkurnalobis dagvianebis SemTxvevaSi uaryofiT
gavlenas axdens bavSvis ganviTarebaze.
hiperaqtivoba (Hyperactivity) _ qceva, romelic xasiaTdeba
gadaWarbebuli motoruli aqtiurobiTa da mousvenrobiT.
hipermgrZnobeloba (Hypersensitivity) _ ukiduresad maRali

Tavi II
mgrZnobeloba stimulebze.
hiperopia, hipermetropia (Hyperopia, Hypermetropia) _ Sors-
­ mxedveloba; vlindeba axlomxedvelobis unaris daqvei­
Tebis saxiT. adamiani bundovnad xedavs axlo manZilze
gan­lagebul obieqtebs fokusirebis mcdelobis miuxe­
davad.

samedicino terminebi, diagnozebi da cnebebi

hipoTeza (Hypothesis) _ fenomenis an movlenis savaraudo
axsna, saWiroebs damtkicebas kvlevis CatarebiT an sxva
gziT.
hi­­pom­­­g­­­r­­­Z­­­no­­be­­lo­­ba (Hypo­­sen­­­si­­ti­­vity) _ uC­­­ve­­u­­lod da­­ba­­li
mgrZno­­be­­lo­­ba sti­­mu­­leb­­­ze.

63
 Tavi III
swavlisa da swavlebis damxmare teqnologiebi

b
binokularuli teleskopi (Binocular telescope) _ saTvaleze
damagrebuli teleskopi SeiZleba iyos rogorc monoku­
laruli, aseve binokularuli. misi moxerxebulad tareba
xangrZlivi drois ganmavlobaSia SesaZlebeli da orive
xeli Tavisufalia. gamoyeneba SeiZleba TeatrSi, kalaT­
burTis yurebisas da sxva.
brailis Srifti (Braille) _ frangi tiflopedagogis, lui
brailis mier usinaTlo pirebisTvis Seqmnili Srifti. es
sistema iyenebs amoburcul wertilebs asoebis, ricxvebis
da sxva simboloebis gamosaxatavad da efuZneba ujras,
romelic siganeSi ori amoburculi wertilis, xolo sig­
rZeSi _ sami wertilisgan Sesdgeba.
brailis SriftiT kiTxva (Braille reading) _ usinaTlo pirebi
kiTxuloben erTi xelis saCvenebeli TiTiT, xolo meore
xels mwkrivs miayoleben. isini kiTxuloben Tanabari
siCqariT, horizontaluri moZraobiT da maqsimalurad
zRudaven vertikalur moZraobas. TiTis dawola aucile­
belia, raTa moswavlem kargad SeigrZnos amoburcu­
li wertilebis forma da mas xeli gaayolos. gawafuli
mkiTx­velebi xSirad orive xelis saCvenebel TiTebs iye­
neben kiTxvis procesSi (ix. brailis Srifti).

gadaadgilebis, sivrceSi orientaciis swavleba/ treningi (Mo-

bility instructions/training) _ swavlebis meTodi, romelic

64
 bgkl
gamoiyeneba usinaTlo adamianebisTvis damoukidebeli
gadaadgilebis usafrTxo teqnikis swavlebisTvis skola­
Si, saxlSi, quCaSi, SenobaSi da a.S.
gamaZlierebeli da alternatiuli sakomunikacio sisteme-
bi (Augmentative and alternative communication systems)
_ damxmare saSualeba an sistema, romelic exmareba ko­

Tavi III
munikaciis problemebis mqone pirs urTierTobaSi gare
sam­yarosTan. mag. xmis gamaZlierebeli damxmare saSuale­
bebi, sakomunikacio dafebi.
ganaTebis kontroli (Lightening control) _ saklaso oTax­
is sworad SerCeuli ganaTeba mxedvelobis daqveiTebis
mqone moswavleebisTvis. kiTxvis procesSi mxedvelobis

swavlisa da swavlebis damxmare teqnologiebi

daqveiTebis mqone bavSvebis dasaxmareblad aucilebeli
pirobaa marTebuli ganaTebis uzrunvelyofa.

kurzveili (Kurzweil) _ aris programa, romelic skanirebas

ukeTebs sakiTxav masalas da xmamaRla ukiTxavs mas mos­
wavleebs. es programa usinaTlo da susti mxedvelobis
mqone moswavleebisTvis aris gamiznuli, magram aseve ga­
moiyeneba im moswavleTaTvis, romelTac uWirT kiTxva.

liTonisgan damzadebuli dasayrdnobi konstruqcia (Wal­

kers) _ dasayrdnobi konstruqcia, romelic fizikuri
Sez­Rudvebis mqone adamians damoukidebel gadaadgile­
baSi exmareba.

65
 inkluziuri ganaTleba cnebebi da terminebi

linzebi (lupebi) gamadidebeli funqciiT (Magnifying len-

sis) _ xelis gamadidebeli linza _ gamadidebeli linza
(lupa), romelsac gamoiyeneben sustad mxedveli adamia­
nebi kiTxvis, weris da sxva aqtivobis dros sxvadasxva
distanciaze ganlagebuli obieqtebis gasadideblad. gan­
sakuTrebiT efeqturia xelis gawvdenis manZilze ganla­
gebuli obieqtebis gasarCevad.

misawvdomoba (Accessibility) _ SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis

mqone pirebisTvis barierebisgan Tavisufali garemo,
rac uzrunvelyofs individis maqsimalur CarTulobas
sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi.
mobiloba da orientacia (Orientation) _ mobiloba da orien­
tacia usinaTlo da sustad mxedvel pirebTan mimarTeba­
Si niSnavs sivrcis SegrZnebas da masSi sakuTari sxeulis
poziciis aRqmas da usafrTxo gadaadgilebas.
mobilurobis specialisti (Mobility specialist) _ Sesabamisi
kvalifikaciis mqone specialisti, romelic mobiluro­
bis (maT Soris garemoSi orientaciis) trenings utarebs
usinaTlo pirebs.
monokularuli /erTTvaliani teleskopi/ (Monocular tele-
scope) _ teleskopi, romelic uzrunvelyofs obieqtis
ufro axlos danaxvas, vidre is sinamdvileSi aris. xe­
lis teleskopi aris monokularuli da gamoiyeneba erTi
TvalisTvis.

66
 m n o s
n

niSnulebi (Signs) _ SenobaSi orientaciisTvis kedlebze gak­

ruli sxvadasxva Sinaarsis miTiTebebi (niSnulebi).

Tavi III
o

optometristi (Optometrist) _ mxedvelobis koreqciis speci­

alisti, romelsac SeuZlia mxedvelobis Sefaseba da Se­
sabamisad, saTvalis an kontaqturi linzebis gamowera.
optotipi (Optotype) _ beWduri simboloebi (magaliTad, aso­

swavlisa da swavlebis damxmare teqnologiebi

ebi, geometriuli simboloebi, ricxvebi), romelic mxed­
velobis SefasebisTvis gamoiyeneba im SemTxvevaSi, ro­
de­­sac adamians aRniSnuli testis kiTxvebze sityvieri
pa­suxis gacema SeuZlia.

sainvalido etli (Wheelchair) _ dasajdomi konstuqcia.

gamoiyeneba im SemTxvevaSi, roca adamians damoukideb­
lad gadaadgileba ar SeuZlia. zog SemTxvevaSi, fizi­
kuri problemebis mqone adamianebs SeuZliaT xelebis sa­
SualebiT marTon etli. arsebobs motorizebuli etlebi,
romelTac aqvT Zrava da marTvis saxeluri. etlis zoma
damokidebulia individis asakze.
sas­me­ni apa­ra­ti (He­a­ring aids) _ apa­ra­ti, ro­me­lic ax­dens sme­
nis daq­ve­i­Te­bis sa­Su­a­lo xa­ris­xis ko­req­ci­as maq­si­mum 35-
50%-iT.
specialuri kompiuteruli da damxmare teqnika (Computers
and assistive technologies) _ kompiuteruli teqnikis is
67
 inkluziuri ganaTleba cnebebi da terminebi

saxeobebi da portatiuli kompiuterebi, romlebic aqti­

urad gamoiyeneba specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroe­
bis mqone moswavleebTan.
CCTV (The Closed_circuit television) _ eleqtronuli mowy­
obiloba (videokamera), romelic uzrunvelyofs gamosax­
ulebis mniSvnelovan gadidebas videomonitorze an te­
levizoris ekranze.

huveris joxi (Walking stick for blind) _ usinaTlo an mxedve­

lobis daqveiTebis mqone pirebis gadaadgilebisTvis yve­
laze gavrcelebuli damxmare saSualeba. huveris jo­xis
daxmarebiT usinaTlo piri dabrkolebebis gareSe ga­
daadgildeba. joxis vertikaluri moZraobiT xdeba Se­
mogarenisa da misi SesaZlo cvlilebebis Secnoba (maga­
liTad, trotuari an kibeebi).

68
 Tavi IV

konvenciebi, deklaraciebi, rekomendaciebi

CONVENTIONS, DECLARATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Tavi IV
salamankas deklaracia da specialuri saWiroebis mqone pir­
Ta ganaTlebis samoqmedo gegma (1994) _ deklaracia spe­
cialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone pirTa ga­naT­
lebis principebis, politikis, praqtikis da samoqme­do
gegmis Sesaxeb.
(The Salamanka Statement and Framework For Action On
Special Educational Needs Education is informed by the prin-

konvenciebi, daklaraciebi, rekomendaciebi

ciple of inclusion, by re cognition of the need to work towards
`schools for all~ _ institutions which include everybody, cel-
ebrate differences, support learning, and respond to individual
needs).
kon­ven­cia ga­naT­le­bis sfro­Si dis­k­ri­mi­na­ci­is wi­na­aR­m­deg
(1960) _ ga­naT­le­bis xel­mi­saw­v­do­mo­bi­sa da xa­ris­xi­a­ni ga­
naT­le­bis mi­Re­bis uf­le­ba.
(Convention against Discrimination In Education (1960) _
Right of access to education and to quality of education).
bavSvTa uflebebis konvencia (1989) _ ufaso dawyebiTi ga­
naT­lebis savaldebulo xelmisawvdomoba; fokusire­
ba bavSvis keTildReobasa da ganviTarebaze, bavSvze
zrunvaze.
(Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) _ Right to free
and compulsory primary schooling without any type of dis-
crimination. Emphasis on child well-being and development
and measures to support child care).
saerTaSoriso konvencia bavSvebis Sromis gamoyenebis mav­
ne formebis aRmofxvrisa da myisieri qmedebis Sesaxeb
(1999) _ ufaso dawyebiTi ganaTlebisa da profesiuli ga­

69
 inkluziuri ganaTleba cnebebi da terminebi

naTlebis xelmisawvdomoba. yvela bavSvis mZime samuSao

pirobebidan gamoTavisufleba.
(International Convention concerning the prohibition and
Immediate Action for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of
Child labor (1999) _ Access to free basic education and voca-
tional training for all children removed from the worst forms of
child labor).
kulturuli gansxvavebulobisa da gamoxatvis dacvisa da
xelSewyobis konvencia (2005) _ Tanabari Rirseba da pati­
ciscema yvela kulturis, maT Soris lingvistur umci­
resobebis warmomadgenelTa kulturis mimarT.
(Convention on the protection and Promotion of Diversity in
Cultural expressions (2005) _ Equal dignity of and respect for
all cultures, including the cultures of persons belonging to
linguistic minorities).
SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirTa uflebebis konven-
cia (2006) _ aranairi gariyva ufaso dawyebiTi an saSua­
lo ganaTlebis sistemidan, SezRuduli SesaZleblobis
niSniT. inkluziuri ganaTlebis sistemis uzrunvelyofa
yvela doneze.
(Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006)
_ No exclusion from free and compulsory primary education,
or from secondary education on the basis of disability. Assur-
ance of an inclusive education system at all levels and in life-
long learning).
rekomendaciebi ganaTlebis sferoSi diskriminaciis winaaR-
mdeg (1960) _ yovelgvari diskriminaciis aRmofxvra ga­
naTlebis sferoSi da aseve zomebis miReba am sferoSi
Tanabar uflebebis uzrunvelsayofad.
(Recommendation Against discrimination in Education (1960)
_ Elimination of discrimination in Education, and also the
adoption of measures aimed at prompting equality of opportu-
nity and treatment in this field).

70
rekomendaciebi maswavleblis statusis Sesaxeb (1966) _ qvey­
nebis pasuxismgebloba `swavleba yvelasaTvis ` swori or­
ganizebisTvis.
(Recommendation Concerning the Status of Teachers (1966) _
Responsibility of states for proper education for all (EFA).
rekomendaciebi adamianis uflebebTan da fundamentur Ta-

Tavi IV
visuflebebTan dakavSirebuli saerTaSoriso gagebis, Ta­
namSromlobis, mSvidobisa da ganaTlebis sferosaTvis
(1974) _ pativiscema da gageba yvela xalxis, maTi kultu­
ris, moqalaqeobis, Rirebulebebisa da cxovrebis stili­
sadmi.
(Recommendations Concerning Education for International
Understanding, cooperation and Peace and Education relat-

konvenciebi, daklaraciebi, rekomendaciebi

ing to human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (1974) _
Needs for understanding and respect for all peoples, their cul-
tures, civilization, values and ways of life).
rekomendaciebi mozardebis ganaTlebis ganviTarebisTvis
(1976) _ ganaTlebisadmi inkluziuri midgomebis farTo
xelmisawvdomobis standartebi da saWiroeba. axalgazr­
debisa da mozrdili pirebisTvis ganaTlebis uwyveto­
bisa da saswavlo SesaZleblobebis uzrunvelyofa.
(Recommendations on the Development of Adult education
(1976) _ Norms and Standards for wider access and inclusive
approaches to education. Provision of continuing education
and learning opportunities for youth and adults).
adamianis uflebebis universaluri deklaracia (1948) _ yve­
las aqvs ganaTlebis miRebis ufleba. ganaTleba unda
iyos ufaso, dawyebiT da sabaziso doneze mainc. dawye­
biTi ganaTleba unda iyos savaldebulo.
(Universal Declaration on Human Rights (1948) _ Everyone
has right to education. Education shell be free, at least at el-
ementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall
be compulsory).

71
 inkluziuri ganaTleba cnebebi da terminebi

msoflio deklaracia `ganTleba yvelasaTvis~ _ yvela ada­

mians _ bavSvs, mozards, zrdasruls _ unda SeeZlos mi­
iRos Sedegi, maTi saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis gaTvali­
winebiT dagegmili saganmanaTleblo SesaZleblobebidan.
(World Declaration on Education for All (1980) _ Every per-
son _ child, youth and adult _ shall be able to benefit from
educational opportunities designed to meet their basic learning
needs).
pekinis deklaracia E_9 qveynebisTvis (2001) _ upovari bavS­
vebis (specialuri saWiroebis mqone, migranti, erovnuli
umciresobis warmomadgeneli, Raribi bavSvebi) saganmanaT­
leblo saWiroebaze mimarTuli, qmedebaze orientirebu­
li programebis xelSewyoba
(Beijing Declaration on the E_9 countries (2001) _ Reinforce ac-
tion-oriented programs to meeting the learning needs of disad-
vantaged groups such as children with special needs, migrants,
minorities and the urban/rural poor).
kul­tu­ru­li gan­s­x­va­ve­bu­lo­bis uni­ver­sa­lu­ri kon­ven­cia
(2001) _ ga­naT­le­bis yve­la do­ne­ze, lin­g­vis­tu­ri gan­s­x­va­
ve­bu­lo­bis xel­Sewyo­ba mSob­li­u­ri enis pa­ti­vis­ce­mis fon­
ze. Se­saZ­­­leb­lo­bis far­g­leb­Si, tra­di­ci­u­li pe­da­go­gi­kis
Car­­­T­­­va sa­gan­ma­naT­leb­lo pro­ces­Si, ko­mu­ni­ka­ci­is Se­sa­ba­
mi­si kul­tu­ru­li me­To­de­bis dac­vis, sru­lad ga­mo­ye­ne­bi­
sa da cod­nis ga­da­ce­mis­T­vis.
(Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity (2001) _ Encour-
aging linguistic diversity _ while respecting the mother tongue
_ at all level of education; Incorporating, where appropriate,
traditional pedagogies into the education process with a view
to preserving and making full use of culturally appropriate
methods of communication and transmission of knowledge).
saqarTvelos kanoni zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb 2005 w.
saqarTvelos kanoni SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirTa
socialuri dacvis Sesaxeb 1995 w.

72
 swavlis unaris darRvevis mqone
moswavleTa ganaTleba
da socialuri integracia

saqarTveloSi moqmediN arasamTavrobo

organizaciaTa sia

SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone bavSvTa socialuri

reabilitaciis kavSiri
kedias17, (995 99) 53 27 32
tearoma99@yahoo.com
skolamdeli asakis specialuri saganmanaTleblo
saWiroebis mqone
bavSvTa aRricxva, maTi samedicino
da socialuri reabilitacia

asociacia `anika~
gagarinis 12
(995 99) 51 05 95, (995 32) 44 55 03
geoanika@hotmail.com
pecialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone bavSvTa
sazo­gadoebrivi integracia, inkluziuri ganaTlebis xelSewyoba.

Tavisufali pedagogikis centri

borjomis q. 10, (995 32) 34 76 21
cfp@access.anet.ge
zogadsaganmanaTleblo skola mentaluri problemebis mqone
moswavleebisTvis. gonebrivi daqveTebis mqone bavSvebTan momuSave
mkurnal-pedagogebis momzadeba.

asociacia `bavSvTa harmoniuli ganviTarebis saxli~

(995 99) 78 29 78, hchd@mail.ru
SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone bavSvTa da mozardTa
socialuri integracia.

73
 inkluziuri ganaTleba cnebebi da terminebi

kavSiri `mSobelTa xidi~

(995 32) 39 99 66, (995 77) 47 34 40
ktea@rambler.ru
SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone bavSvTa da mozardTa
kulturul- SemoqmedebiTi programebi.

kavSiri `adamianebisTvis, romlebic gansakuTrebul

zrunvas saWiroeben~
(995 32) 77 54 85, (995 99) 14 00 08, info@apnsc.ge
inteleqtualuri ganviTarebis Seferxebis mqone mozrdilebis
socialuri integraciis xelSemwyobi programebi.

biblioTeka, kulturuli centri SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis

mqone pirTaTvis `Tanadgoma~
(995 32) 96 74 62, (995 77) 46 65 71
acacia@ip.osgf.ge
SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirTa
fsiqo-socialuri reabilitacia.

damoukidebeli cxovrebis axalgazrduli centri

(995 32) 35 66 09, (995 93) 70 15 17, iracli@disability.ge
SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirTa interesebis dacva.

bavSvTa sofeli (fondi pirveli nabiji)

mis: Tbilisi, lublianas q. 21
tel: 25 25 19,25 23 08, 23 01 40
keti.melikadze@tfs.ge, www.tfs.ge
sadReRamiso sacxovrebeli dawesebuleba.

Tbilisis bavSvTa daxmarebis centri (sazogadoebrivi

jandacvisa da medicinis ganviTarebis fondi)
mis: yazbegis gamz. 34, tel: 42 14 22, info@phmdf.ge, www.phmdf.ge
fsiqologiuri da iuridiuli konsultacia.

74
 saqarTveloSi moqmedi arasamTavrobo organizaciaTa sia
`ia~, dRis momsaxurebis centri
mis: gurjaanis q.20, tel: 74 75 51, 855 50 55 49
dRis centri gonebrivi ganviTarebis Seferxebis
mqone bavSvebisa da mozardebisTvis.

saganmanaTleblo integrirebuli resurs-centri `imedi~

centri skolamdeli asakis SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone
bavSvebisTvis (asociacia bavSvi da garemo)
mis: Tbilisi, besikis q.5, tel: 25 38 32, 93 60 37, 94 37 35
bavshvidagaremo@yahoo.com, bavshvi@caucasus.net
www.childandenvironment.org.ge
fsiqo-socialuri reabilitacia; 3-9 wlis asakis bavSvebis momzadeba
inkluziuri swavlebisTvis; araformaluri ganaTleba, adreuli
daxmarebis programa ojaxebisTvis.

`mSoblebis Tanadgoma~ _ SSm mozardTa kavSiri

mis: Tbilisi, r.laRiZis q.7, tel: 891 66 85 77
samedicino gamokvlevebi, kulturuli RonisZiebebi,
dRis aqtivobebi.

`mwvane saxli~
mis: Tbilisi. i. WavWavaZis pr.Cixi 1,37 (mziuris teritiria)
tel: 25 32 44, 899 64 06 67
mcnanesakhli&@yahoo.com
fsiqologiuri momsaxurebis centri.

`naperwkala~ (socialuri adaptaciis centri)

mis: Tbilisi, vaJa fSavelas II kvartali, korpusi 9a
tel: 899 10 09 71, dalisakukuladze@yahoo.com
xelovnebis skola gonebrivi ganviTarebis
Seferxebis mqone bavSvebisTvis.

75
 inkluziuri ganaTleba cnebebi da terminebi

pirovnebis ganviTarebis klubi (asociacia `ndoba~)

mis: Tbilisi, RambaSiZis 2a
tel: 98 21 71, club@ndoba.org.ge, www.ndoba.org.ge
jgufuri Sexvedrebi.

saqarTvelos portijis asociacia

mis: WavWavaZis gamz.32, tel: 23 22 32, 893 34 45 31
tsintsadze@hotmail.com
ganviTarebis Seferxebis mqone bavSvebis adreuli reabilitacia
(Cvilobis asakidan). gansakuTrebuli saWiroebebis mqone
bavSvebisTvis sxvadasxva unarebis ganviTareba da maTi CarTva
saganmanaTleblo sistemebSi.

dRis aqtivobebis centri; `rea~

mis: WonqaZis q. 29, tel: 93 34 42, 893 50 14 47
else@caucasus.net
dRis centri cerebruli damblis, daunis sindromis,
autizmis speqtris darRvevebis mqone bavSvebisTvis.

socialuri Terapiis saxli

(dRis aqtivobebis centri)
mis: Tbilisi, ubilavas q. 9, tel: 77 63 07, 77 54 85
info@apnsc.ge, www.apnsc.ge
dRis centri adamianebisTvis, romlebic
gansakuTrebul zrunvas saWiroeben.

ganviTarebis Seferxebis mqone bavSvTa da mozardTa kavSiri

mis: Tbilisi, ninoSvilis q.30
tel: 95 95 08, 893 64 53 85
gonebrivi ganviTarebis Seferxebis mqone bavSvTa baRi.

76
 saqarTveloSi moqmedi arasamTavrobo organizaciaTa sia
mSoblebi da specialistebi gansakuTrebuli
saWiroebis mqone bavSvebisTvis
mis: Tbilisi, t. granelis q. 9
tel: 893 31 31 71, makadav@mail.ru
inkluziuri ganaTlebis xelSewyoba, muSaoba saskolo asakis
bavSvebTan, maT mSoblebTan da pedagogebTan.

socialuri adaptaciis centri `aisi~

mis: Tbilisi, larsis Sesaxvevi 3, tel: 91 32 13
swavlis unaris msubuqi da saSualo daqveiTebis mqone bavSvebisa
da mozardebis SromiTi dasaqmeba da inkluziuri
ganaTlebis programebi.

SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirTa asociacia `gea~

mis: weronisisq. 15, tel:9899113983, ngo-gea@posta.ge
SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirTa uflebebis dacva, maTi
ojaxebis mxardaWera,socialuri integraciis xelSewyobis,
ganaT­lebisa da dasaqmebis programebi.

sruliad saqarTvelos RvTisSvilTa

kavSiri-invalidTa asociacia
mis: Tbilisi, WavWavaZis 49a, sarTuli 5, tel: 25 01 45
iufnona@yahoo.com, www.ugcg.gol.ge
SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirTa reabilitaciisa
da socialuri integraciis programebi.

saqarTvelos SOS bavSvTa sofeli

mis: Tbilisi, yazbegis 11a
tel: 899 278 283
sosgeoipp@caucasus.net, sosgeond/@caucasus.net , www.sos-georgia.ge
usaxlkaro, miusafari da mzrunvelobas
moklebul bavSvTa sofeli.

77
 inkluziuri ganaTleba cnebebi da terminebi

saqarTvelos specialuri olimpiuri komiteti

mis: Tbilisi, WavWavaZis 49, sarTuli 3,
sportis departamentis Senoba
specialolimpicsge@yahoo.com
www.specialolimpics.org
SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirTa
reabilitaciisa da socialuri integraciis programebi.

pirveli nabiji
mis: Tbilisi, WavWavaZis 74a, oTaxi 504, tel: 25 25 19
SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone bavSvTa
sxvadasxva tipis momsaxureba.

imereTis regionis invalidTa kavSiri

mis: q.quTaisi, buxaiZis 25/80, tel: 895 45 14 43
SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirTa
reabilitacia da daxmareba.

invalid bavSvTa da mozardTa reabilitaciis xelSewyoba,

kavSiri `nergebi~
mis: q. zugdidi beraias 44
tel:899 34 44 23, luka86@rambler.ru
SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone bavSvTa
ganaTlebis xelSewyoba.

kavSiri `bavSvTa Tanabari uflebebisTvis~

mis. q.borjomi, saakaZis q.4
tel.899 21 48 55, cheishvilin@yahoo.com
bavSvTa uflebebis dacva, maTi Tanabari uflebebis ganviTareba,
ltolvil bavSvebTan muSaoba, fsiqiurad
daavadebul pirTa adaptacia.

78
 saqarTveloSi moqmedi arasamTavrobo organizaciaTa sia
samcxe javaxeTis regionaluri asociacia `toleranti~
mis: q. axalcixe, rusTavelis q. 47
tel: 899 51 36 22, gochanatenadze@mail.ru
SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone bavSvTa integracia.

samcxe-javaxeTis demokrat qalTa sazogadoeba

mis: q. axalcixe, Tbilisis q. 29
tel: 899 54 83 44, marinamodebadze@rambler.ru
socialurad daucveli fenebisTvis ufaso samedecino,
iuridiuli momsaxureba da fsiqologiuri konsultaciebi.

asociacia `goris invalidTa klubi~

mis: q. gori, TarxniSvilis q. 20, tel: 8(270) 7 98 25
t-tavelidze2@rambler.ru/tina-1@rambler.ru
gonebrivi SezRudvis mqone pirTa integrireba sazogadoebaSi,
maTi ganaTleba da dasaqmebis xelSewyoba.

fsiqometruli da sakonsultacio asociacia

Tbilisi, iv. javaxiSvilis 51, tel: 91-29-47
e-mail: pcageorgia@gmail.com
specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebebis mqone bavSvebis swav-
lisa da qcevis problemebis fsiqologiuri diagnostireba, sssm
bavSvebis, maTi mSoblebisa da maswavleblebis konsultireba,
inkluziuri ganaTlebis xelSewyoba.

saqarTvelos usinaTloTa kavSiri

mis: boWormis 14
(995 99) 17 95 84
http://www.gbu.ge/
usinaTlo pirTa socialuri intergaciis, maTi sicialuri adaptaciiis,
ganaTlebisa da moqmedebiT-inteleqtualuri ganviTarebis
xelSemwyobi programebi.

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 inkluziuri ganaTleba cnebebi da terminebi

smenisa da metyvelebis daqveiTebis

mqone bavSvTa daxmarebis asociacia
mis: vaJa fSavelas 73 III
tel: (995 32) 32 34 82, (995 32) 99 73 24
smenisa da metyvelebis problemebis mqone bavSvebis sazogadoebrivi
integracia, inkluziuri ganaTlebis xelSewyoba.

registrirebuli kavSiri
saqarTvelos yruTa prezidiumi
mis: 9 debi iSxnelebis 2
tel: (995 32) 34 16 21, (995 32) 71 85 95
geodaef@mail.ru
smenadaqveiTebul pirTa Cabma sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi,
dasaqmebis programebi.

Tavisufali pedagogikis centri

mis: borjomis q. 10
tel: (995 32) 34 76 21
cfp@access.anet.ge
zogadsaganmanaTleblo skola mentaluri problemebis mqone
moswavleebisaTvis.
gonebrivi daqveTebis mqone bavSvebTan momuSave
mkurnal-pedagogebis momzadeba

invalid qalTa da invalid bavSvTa asociacia `dea~

tel: 899 25 67 44, 877 45 45 88
madonna_k@gol.ge

80
 saqarTveloSi moqmedi N
saerTaSoriso organizaciaTa sia

USAID _ kavkasiis misia saqarTveloSi

jorj balanCinis quCa 11
Tbilisi 0131,
tel: (995-32) 54-40-00, faqsi: (995-32) 54-41-45
tel: 54-40-00, Sida nomeri: 4168)
mailto:mjaparidze@usaid.gov
www.georgia.usaid.gov
UNICEF Tbilisi

UNICEF _ Tbilisis ofisi

UN House
erisTavis q. 9, IV sarTuli
tel:380079
tbilisi@unicef.org, www.unicef.org

Every Child _ filiali saqarTveloSi

Tbilisi, abaSiZis q. 37, sad 2, sarT.3,
oT. 29 tel:22 40 07
faqsi: 22 40 07, admin@everychild.ge

Save the Children _ gadavarCinoT bavSvebi

Tbilisi , baraTaSvilis q.8 ,
tel: 99 54 54,faqsi: 99 89 43
scgeorgia@save.org.ge
www.assistancegeorgia.org.ge
World Learning
Tbilisi, SevCenkos q. 5 ,
tel: 98 25 20, faqsi: 98 63 97
office@worldlearning.ge , www.worldlearning.org

81
 inkluziuri ganaTleba cnebebi da terminebi

WORLD VISION INTERNATIONAL- spec. proeqtebis ofisi

Tbilisi, vazisubnis q. 17 ,
tel: 38 16 37, faqsi: 43 35 35
nino_koberidze@wvi.org

msoflio banki
Tbilisi, WavWavaZis gamz. 5a I Cixi,
tel:91 30 96, faqsi: 91 34 78
niakobishvili@worldbank.org , www.worldbank.org

oqsfam ji bi saqarTveloSi
Tbilisi, faliaSvilis q.. 47a ,
tel:: 25 28 81, 25 28 83,faqsi: 25 23 80
lkondakhchian@oxfam.org.uk, www.oxsfam.org.uk

proeqti `harmonia~ saqarTveloSi

Tbilisi, v. anjafariZis q. 7, 2sadarbazo,
2 sarTuli ,tel: 25 00 71,faqsi: 22 38 47
ccgeorgia@projectharmony.ge

Caritas Georgia
Nutsubidze Plateau II
0183 Tbilisi, Georgia
Tel/Fax: (+995.32) 217819, 251387, Tel: (+995.32) 942073, 250193
E-mail: caritas-georgia@caritas.ge, web-site: www.caritas.ge

`karitas georgika~
winamZRvriSvilis q. 97, Tbilisi, 0164
tel: (+ 995 32) 951991, faqsi:(+ 995 32) 911948
office@civitas.ge

82
 saqarTveloSi moqmedi saerTaSoriso organizaciaTa sia
Eurasia Partnership Foundation
kavsaZis q. 3, Tbilisi,0179
Fax: (+995-32) 22-32-64, 25-39-42/43
Fax:(+995-32) 22-32-64, 25-39-42/43 ext. 112
E-mail: info@epfound.ge , www.epfound.ge

CARE saerTaSoriso kavkasiaSi

Tbilisi 0162, moseSvilis 11
tel: (+99532) 29 13 78; 29 19 41; 29 15 31
faqsi: (+99532) 29 43 caucasus@care.org.ge

fondi `Ria sazogadoeba _ saqarTvelo~

Tbilisi 0108, WoveliZis 10
(995 32) 25 04 63, (995 32) 25 05 92, (995 32) 29 10 52
contact@osgf.ge , www.osgf.ge

viSnevskaia-rostropoviCis fondi saqarTveloSi `bavSvTa

janmrTelobisa da momavlisaTvis~
Tbilisi, vaJa- fSavelas gamz 45
tel: 39 94 35, faqsi: 39 94 35
tbilisi@vrf.ge

fondi `pirveli nabiji~

Tbilisi, WavWavaZis gamz.74a
tel: 23 01 40, faqsi: 25 25 19
www.tfs.ge , tfs@tfs.ge

soko- saqarTveloSi
Tbilisi , barnovis q. 9 ,
tel: 98 20 40, faqsi: 98 20 40
www.soco.ge, soco@gol.ge

83
 inkluziuri ganaTleba cnebebi da terminebi

inkluziur ganaTlebasTan dakavSirebuli

veb-gverdebis mokle sia

www.mes.gov.ge.
saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros
veb-gverdi.

www.ganatleba.org
erovnuli saswavlo gegmebisa da Sefasebis centris veb-gverdi,
romelic Seicavs srul informacias erovnul saswavlo gegmebis
Sesaxeb. aq moiZiebT informacias erovnuli sas­wavlo gegmis momza-
debis, pilotirebisa da da danergvis, sajaro skolaSi mimdinare
saswavlo procesis erovnuli Sefasebebis sistemis SemuSavebasa
da erovnuli da sxva Sefasebebis ganxorcielebis Taobaze.

www.inclusion.ge
es veb-gverdi qarTulenovania da Seicavs informacias inkluzi-
uri ganaTlebis Sesaxeb. aq naxavT statiebs inkluziur ganaTle-
baze, satreningo modulebs maswavleblebisTvis, informacias
inkluziuri ganaTlebis proeqtebis Sesaxeb, mcire terminolo-
giur leqsikons da sxva.

www.disability.ge
koalicia damoukidebeli cxovrebisTvis aris sazogadoebrivi
organizacia, romlic miznad isaxavs nebismieri adaminisTvis
Seiqmnas Tanabari pirobebi potencialis gamosavlenad da moxdes
SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirebis maqsimaluri CarTva
sazogadobaSi mimdinare politikur, ekonomikur, socialur da
kulturul cxovrebaSi.

www.savethechildren.org
Save the Children (gadavarCinoT bavSvebi) msoflioSi erT-erTi
wamyvani saerTaSoriso organizaciaa, romelic emsaxureba bavS-
vebis mdgrad ke­TildReobasa da ganviTarebas. Save the Children

84
1993 wlidan moRvaweobs saqarTveloSi.Aam xnis ganmavlobaSi,

inkluziur ganaTlebasTan dakavSirebuli veb-gverdebis mokle sia

fede­racia `gadavarCinoT bavSvebi~ warmatebulad anxorcielebs
proeqtebs sxvadasxva sferoebSi: socialuri ganviTareba, jan-
dacva, ganaTleba, SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirTa da
quCis bavSvebis socialuri integracia, samoqalaqo sazogadoe-
bis ganviTareba.

www.unesco.org
es aris Unesco-s (gaerTianebuli erebis saganmanaTleblo, sa-
mecniero da kulturuli organizaciis) mTavari veb-gverdi. or­
ganizaciis daniSnulebaa, wvlili Seitanos mSvidobisa da usaf­
rTxoebis saqmeSi saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobiT, ganaT­lebis,
mecnierebisa da kulturis programebis meSveobiT.

www.ldonline.org
es veb-gverdi mravalferovan informacias Seicavs swavli unaris
daq­veiTebis, saswavlo strategiebisa da inkluziuri ganaTlebis
Sesaxeb.

www.specialed.about.com
Tu specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone moswavleebs
ara aqvT warmateba Tqvens klasSi, isargebleT am veb-gverdiT,
raTa naxoT ra unda SecvaloT da rogor.

www.cloudnet.com/~edrbsass/edexc.htm#index
am veb-gverdze naxavT saswavlo gegmebs SezRuduli SesaZleb­
lobis mqone bavSvebisTvis.

www.floridainclusionnetwork.com
aq mocemulia konsultaciebi, informacia da rCevebi ganaTlebis
muSakTaTvis, ojaxebisTvis da sazogadoebis sxva wevrebisTvis
inkluziur swavlasTan dakavSirebiT.

www.edweek.org/index.html
am veb-gverdze yuradReba gamaxvilebulia ganaTlebis umniSv­
nelovanes sakiTxebze amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi.

85
 inkluziuri ganaTleba cnebebi da terminebi

www.cec.sped.org
es veb-gverdi `gansakuTrebuli bavSvebis sabWos~ ekuTvnis. es
gax­lavT umsxvilesi profesiuli organizacia, romelic emsax-
ureba amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi gansakuTrebul bavSvTa gana-
Tlebis Sedegebis daxvewas. es organizacia mouwodebs mTavrobas
saTanado politika gaataros SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone
moswavleebTan mimarTebaSi, igi adgens profesiul standartebs,
uzrunvelyofs uwyvet profesiul ganviTarebas, xels uwyobs
profesionalebs profesiuli praqtikis daxvewaSi.

www.uni.edu/coe/inclusion/index.html
www.uni.edu/coe/inclusion/strategies/
aq gaecnobiT: Sinaarsis/qcevis strategiebs; rogori unda iyos
inkluziuri saklaso oTaxi; adaptaciis cxra wess; rogor Sevqm-
naT damxmareTa jgufi; rogor gamoviyenoT TamaSebi davalebis
analizis da qve-unarebis Sesafaseblad.

am informaciis gamoyeneba SeuZliaT zogadi ganaTlebis peda-

gogebs, specializirebuli ganaTlebis pedagogebs, mSoblebsa
da skolis TanamSromlebs, yvelas, visac ainteresebs, Tu rogor
unda ganxorcieldes inkluziuri swavleba skolebSi.

www.inclusion.com
yvelaferi inkluziis Sesaxeb _ praqtikuli mecadineobebi, wig­
nebi, vi­de­omasala, resursebi, treningebi, biuleteni, da a.S.

www.nichcy.org es veb-gverdi moicavs did informacias SezRudu-

li SesaZlebobis mqone bavSvTa mSoblebis da maswavleb­lebis da
Tavad bavSvebisTvis. saitis specialuri ganyofileba bavSvebs da
mSoblebs saSualebas aZlevs gamoaqveynon TavianTi istoriebi,
moTxrobebi, dausvan SekiTxvebi specialistebs da miiRon amom-
wuravi informacia sakuTar mdgomareobasa da perspeqtivebze.

www.ld.org am veb-gverdze ganTavsebulia informacia swav­­­lebis

strategiebisa da saswavlo meTodebze.

86
www.fpg.unc.edu/~ecrii/

inkluziur ganaTlebasTan dakavSirebuli veb-gverdebis mokle sia

ECRI- Early Childhood Research Institute on Inclusion
skolamdeli asakis SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone bavSvebi
TanatolebTan erTad swavloben. aq mocemulia kvleviTi cen-
tris masalebi, romelic gamoadgebaT ganaTlebis muSakebs, mkvl-
evarebsa da mcirewlovani bavSvebis ojaxebs.

www.nectas.unc.edu/inclusion/
es veb-gverdi iZleva informacias imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra saxis mom-
saxureba SeiZleba gaewios SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone
bavSvebs; aqvea informacia kanonmdeblobasa da politikaze,
kvle­vebze, qmediT praqtikaze, dafinansebaze, siaxleebsa da per-
sonalis ganiTarebaze.

www.circleofinclusion.org
am veb-gvedze ganTavsebulia informacia dabadebidan rva wlis
asakamde SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone bavSvebis Taobaze.
aq naxavT masalebs inkluziuri programebis, meTodebisa da praq-
tikis Sesaxeb.

www.rushservices.com/Inclusion/homepage.htm
am veb-gverdze mocemulia mTeli rigi SekiTxvebisa, romelic
dagexmarebaT imis garkvevaSi, Tu ramdenad gamarTlebulia ink­
luzia konkretuli bavSvisaTvis.

www.ldonline.org/ld_indepth/teaching_techniques/childlit_socskills.
html
es gverdi gamiznulia mSoblebisTvis, ojaxis wevrTaTvis da ped-
agogebisTvis. aq bevri magaliTi da gakveTilis gegmaa mocemuli.
aseve moTxrobilia mravalferovani da saintereso socialuri
istoriebi.

www.cast.org
aq gaecnobiT inkluziuri ganaTlebis Sesaxeb uaxles kvlevebs,
proeqtebsa da gamocemebs.

87
 inkluziuri ganaTleba cnebebi da terminebi

www.dec-sped.org/journals.html
am veb-gverdze inkluziuri ganaTlebis Sesaxeb bevri saintereso
kvleva da statia qveyndeba.

www.nectac.org/inclusion/meetings/rs_embed.asp
am veb-gverdze mocemulia rCevebi, Tu rogor unda gamoviyenoT
inklu­ziuri gamocdileba skolamdel garemoSi.

www.addinschool.com/elementary/impulsive.htm
am veb-gverdze aris informacia yuradRebis deficitisa da hiper­
aqtiurobis sindromis Taobaze (ADHD).

www.childdevelopmentinfo.com/learning/teacher.shtml
am veb-gverdze mocemulia zogierTi rCeva, Tu rogor unda imuSa­
os maswavlebelma specialuri saWiroebis mqone moswavle­ebTan.

www.ctserc.org/library/bibfiles/identification-sed.pdf
am veb-gverdze mocemulia emociur da qceviT darRvevebze gamo-
qveynebuli kvlevebisa da statiebis CamonaTvali.

www.curry.edschool.virginia.edu/go/readquest/
es veb-gverdi yuradRebas amaxvilebs, Tu rogor unda gaiazros
wakiTxulis Sinaarsi im moswavlem, romelsac kiTxvis problemebi
aqvs.

www.resourceroom.net
es veb-gverdi swavlis unaris daqveiTebis mqone moswavleebis ga-
naTleze saubrobs. aq mocemulia gakveTilis gegmebi da masalebi,
rekomendaciebi.

www.teachingld.org
am veb-gverdze aRwerilia inkluziuri ganaTlebis sferoSi uax-
les gamocdilebasa da kvlevaze dafuZnebuli praqtikis Sede-
gebi. aqve SegiZliaT dasvaT SekiTxvebi, romelzec eqspertebi
gipasuxeben.

88
www.adsb.on.ca

inkluziur ganaTlebasTan dakavSirebuli veb-gverdebis mokle sia

es veb-gverdi Zalian mdidaria informaciiT. ZiriTadi Tema ase-
Tia: `bavSvebi, romlebic erTad swavloben, erTad cxovrebas
swavloben. `aq saubaria samarTlebliv pirobebze, maswavleblis
kompetenciebze, swavlebis strategiebze, inkluziisTvis mzade-
baze, inkluziis resursebze da sxva.

www.newhorizons.org
am veb-gverdze aris informacia, pedagogebisa da mSoblebisTvis
imis Taobaze, Tu rogor movuaroT SezRuduli SesaZleblobis
mqone bavSvebs.

www.gmhc.ge/services.shtml
saqarTvelos fsiqikuri janmrTelobis koaliciis veb-gverdi.

89
 inkluziuri ganaTleba cnebebi da terminebi

Tematuri veb-gverdebi

www.tbindc.org
yuradRebis deficiti, cerebraluri dambla
hiperaqtiuroba (ADHD) www.twinenterprises.com
www.cpgs.com/add www.comeunity.com
www.addclinic.com www.iinet.com.
www.chadd.org www.kidsource.com/NICHCY/
www.sinbad.net/business/adds www.ucpa.org
www.adders.org
www.feingold.org mxedveloba da smena
www.add.org www.tr.wou.edu/dblink/aadb.
htm
autizmi da autizmis speq- www.babyhearing.org
tris darRvevebi www.helenkeller.org
www.aacap.org www.tr.wou.edu/dblink
www.autismndi.com www.tr.wou.edu/ntac
www.vaporia.com
www.autism-info.com mxedvelobis daqveiTeba
www.autism-society.org www.acb.org
www.autism.com www.afb.org
www.autism.org www.blindkids.org
www.csaac.org www.aao.org
www.feator.org www.angelfire.com
www.futurehorizonsautism.com www.navh.org
www.teacch.com www.nfb.org
www.wserv.com www.viguide.com

tvinis dazianeba smenis daqveiTeba

www.biausa.org www.agbell.org
www.braincenter.org www.asha.org
www.btinternet.com www.cfv.org
www.tbi.org www.captions.org

90
www.handspeak.com
www.nad.org
www.nih.gov
www.phonicear.com
www.deaflibrary.org
www.gohear.org
daunis sindromi
www.acds.org
www.lalecheleague.org
www.ds-health.com
www.dsoag.com
www.downscity.com
www.downsnet.org
www.growthcharts.com
www.nads.org
www.ndsccenter.org
www.downsyndrome.com
www.ndss.org
www.ds-health.com
www.Downsyndrome.com
www.geocities.com/Heartland/
genetikuri darRvevebi
www.birthdefects.org
www.marchofdimes.org
www.teratology.org
metyvelebis problemebi
www.asha.org
www.bornlearning.org
Tematuri veb-gverdebi
www.childdevmedia.com
www.childdevmedia.com
www.childdevmedia.com
www.kidsource.com
www.wriedu.org/bookplay
www.childdevmedia.com
www.childdevmedia.com
www.nidcd.nih.gov
www.edact.com
www.childdevmedia.com
www.childdevmedia.com
swavlis unaris daqveiTeba
www.ldhope.com
www.ldanatl.org
www.slam.nhs.uk
www.ncld.org
www.specialkids1.com
gonebrivi SezRudva
www.aamr.org
www.bestbuddies.org
www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/dd
/ddmr.htm
www.thearc.org
91
 gamoyenebuli literatura:

• salamankas deklaracia The Salamanka Statement and Framework

For Action On Special Educational Needs Education

http://www.unesco.org/education/pdf/SALAMA_E.PDF

• bavSvTa uflebebis konvencia _ Declaration of the Rights of the

Child www.UNFoundation.org

• uznaZe d. (1967). Sromebi, V t., Tbilisi: „mecniereba“

• Cecil R. Reynolds, Elaine Fletcher_Jansen. Encyclopedia of Special

Education (Third edition)

• David C. Berliner, Robert C. Calfee. Handbook of Educational

Phsycology

• Tom e.C. Smith, Edward Polloway, James R. Patton, Carola A.

Dowdy. Teaching Students with Special Needs in inclusive settings,
forth edition

• Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social

cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice-Hall.

• Dewey, J. Barnes, A. C. Buermeyer, L. and others (1954). Art and Edu-

cation, Merion, Pa.: Barnes Foundation Press.

• Gardner, H. (1983). Frames of mind: Theory of multiple intelli­gences.

NY: BasicBooks.

• Goleman, D. (2006). Social Intelligence: The New Science of So­cial Re-

lationships. NY: Bantam Books

• Kohlberg, L. (1981). Essays on Moral Development, Vol. I: The Phi-

losophy of Moral Development. Harper & Row.

• Kolb. D. A. and Fry, R. (1975) Toward an applied theory of ex­periential

learning. in C. Cooper (ed.) Theories of Group Process, London: John
Wiley

92
• ganmartebiTi leqsikoni ganaTlebis specialistebisaTvis, erov­

gamoyenebuli literatura
nuli saswavlo gegmebisa da Sefasebis centri, 1 da 2 nawili,
2008 w.

• inkluziuri ganaTleba „viswavloT erTad“, erov­nuli saswavlo

gegmebisa da Sefasebis centri 2008 w.

• Tamar gagoSiZe, bavSvis fsiqologiuri ganviTarebis darRveve­

bi, 2008 w.

• inkluziuri ganaTleba-gzamkvlevi maswavleblebisaTvis, erov­

nuli saswavlo gegmebisa da Sefasebis centri 2009 w.

93
 SeniSvnebisTvis

94
SeniSvnebisTvis

95
 SeniSvnebisTvis

96