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Recursos para el docente

FÍSICA
2 Y QUÍMICA
Materia: modelo corpuscular,
cambios y carácter eléctrico.
Magnetismo. Fuerzas y campos
Ana María Deprati
Fabián G. Diaz
Gabriel D. Serafini

ES 2.º año
FÍSICA
2 Y QUÍMICA
Materia: modelo corpuscular,
cambios y carácter eléctrico.
Magnetismo. Fuerzas y campos

Saber clave
Recursos para el docente
FÍSICA y QUÍMICA 2. MATERIA: MODELO CORPUSCULAR, CAMBIOS Y CARÁCTER
ELÉCTRICO. MAGNETISMO. FUERZAS Y CAMPOS - Recursos para el docente es
una obra colectiva, creada y diseñada en el Departamento Editorial de
Ediciones Santillana, bajo la dirección de Graciela Pérez de Lois, por el
siguiente equipo:
Ana María Deprati
Fabián G. Díaz
Gabriel D. Serafini

Editora: María Gabriela Barderi.


Jefa de edición: Edith Morales.
Gerencia de gestión editorial: Mónica Pavicich.

Índice
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+FGBEFBSUF$MBVEJB'BOP ª &%*$*0/&44"/5*--"/" Física y química 2. Materia: modelo corpuscular, cambios y carác-
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 ter eléctrico. Magnetismo.
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Fuerzas y campos. : recursos para el docente / Ana María Deprati
... [et.al.]. - 1a ed. -
3FWJTJØOEFDPOUFOJEPT"OB.BSÓB%FQSBUJ *4#/
Buenos Aires : Santillana, 2011.
24 p. ; 28x22 cm. - (Saberes clave)
$PSSFDDJØO1BVMB'4NVMFWJDI
2VFEBIFDIPFMEFQØTJUPRVFEJTQPOFMBMFZ ISBN 978-950-46-2533-9
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*NQSFTPFO"SHFOUJOB1SJOUFEJO"SHFOUJOB 1. Formación Docente. 2. Física. 3. Química. I. Deprati, Ana
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Recursos para la planificación
2

Capítulo Contenidos Estrategias didácticas Expectativas de logro


1 Los estados
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de la materia -PTFTUBEPTEFBHSFHBDJØOEFMBNBUFSJB $MBTJGJDBDJØOEFMPTNBUFSJBMFTTFHÞOEJGFSFOUFTDSJUFSJPT TPDJBMZDVMUVSBM
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-BUFPSÓBDJOÏUJDPNPMFDVMBSZMPTFTUBEPTEF NBUFSJBMFT QBSUÓDVMBTDPNPIFSSBNJFOUBRVFQFSNJUFFYQMJDBS
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7BSJBCMFTRVFBGFDUBOBVOTJTUFNB UÏSNJOPTEFMBUFPSÓBDJOÏUJDPNPMFDVMBS *OUFSQSFUBSMBEJTDPOUJOVJEBEEFMBNBUFSJB
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$BNCJPTEFFTUBEP %FTDSJQDJØOEFMBTOPSNBTZMPTQSPDFEJNJFOUPTEFM *OUFSQSFUBSMPTDBNCJPTEFFTUBEPFOUÏSNJOPTEF
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$BNCJPTEFFTUBEPQSPHSFTJWPT -FDUVSBTPCSFMPTHMPCPTBFSPTUÈUJDPTZTVSFMBDJØODPOFM $BSBDUFSJ[BSFMFTUBEPHBTFPTPEFTEFFMNPEFMP
$BNCJPEFFTUBEPZUFNQFSBUVSB DPNQPSUBNJFOUPEFVOHBT DJOÏUJDPNPMFDVMBS
-FDUVSBTPCSFMPTNBUFSJBMFTEFMGVUVSP DPOFMPCKFUJWPEF 3FDPOPDFSMBTWBSJBCMFTRVFBGFDUBOBVOTJTUFNB
BOBMJ[BSMBTQPTJCJMJEBEFTRVFPGSFDFO gaseoso.
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"QMJDBSMBTFDVBDJPOFTNBUFNÈUJDBTEFMBTMFZFTEF
los gases a la resolución de ejercicios.
(SBGJDBSMPTSFTVMUBEPTFYQFSJNFOUBMFTZEFEVDJS
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2 Las soluciones
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$MBTJGJDBDJØOEFTJTUFNBTNBUFSJBMFT
&TUVEJPEFMPTEJGFSFOUFTTJTUFNBTNBUFSJBMFTUFOJFOEPFO
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$MBTJGJDBSEJGFSFOUFTUJQPTEFTJTUFNBTNBUFSJBMFT
*OUFSQSFUBSMBTJOUFSBDDJPOFTFOUSFQBSUÓDVMBTEF
-BTNF[DMBT $MBTJGJDBDJØOEFMBTNF[DMBTIPNPHÏOFBT TPMVDJPOFT
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.F[DMBTIPNPHÏOFBTPTPMVDJPOFT UFOJFOEPFODVFOUBMPTFTUBEPTEFBHSFHBDJØO de disolución.
-BTPMVCJMJEBE "OÈMJTJTEFMPTGBDUPSFTRVFDPOEJDJPOBOMBTPMVCJMJEBEEF $MBTJGJDBSTPMVDJPOFTEFBDVFSEPDPOTV
$PODFOUSBDJØOEFMBTTPMVDJPOFT VOBTVTUBODJBFOVOTPMWFOUF DPODFOUSBDJØOBVOBUFNQFSBUVSBEBEB
$PODFOUSBDJØO TPMVCJMJEBEZNPEFMPEF &TUVEJPEFMPTEJGFSFOUFTNÏUPEPTEFTFQBSBDJØOEFMPT 6UJMJ[BSMPTNÏUPEPTBQSPQJBEPTQBSBTFQBSBSMPT
QBSUÓDVMBT DPNQPOFOUFTEFVOBTPMVDJØO DPNQPOFOUFTEFVOBTPMVDJØO
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4FQBSBDJØOEFMPTDPNQPOFOUFTEFVOB soluciones. TPMWFOUFZTPMVUPTPMVDJØODPNPNPEPEF
solución. "OÈMJTJTEFMBDPODFOUSBDJØOTFHÞOFMNPEFMPEF FYQSFTBSMBDPODFOUSBDJØOEFVOBTPMVDJØO
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$SJTUBMJ[BDJØO DPODFOUSBDJØOEFVOBTPMVDJØO $BMDVMBSMBDPODFOUSBDJØOEFEJWFSTBTTPMVDJPOFT
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TFHVSJEBEFTUVEJBEBT

© Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723


© Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

3 Los cambios
-PTDBNCJPTFOFM6OJWFSTP
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1SFTFOUBDJØOEFVOBCBOJDPEFGFOØNFOPTRVÓNJDPTRVF
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3FDPOPDFSMBEJGFSFODJBFOUSFDBNCJPTRVÓNJDPTZ
GÓTJDPT ZDMBTJmDBSMPT
físicos y químicos QSPEVDUPT BMDPODFQUPEFDBNCJPRVÓNJDPZMPTGBDUPSFTRVFMP $POTUSVJSVOBQSJNFSBOPDJØOEFDBNCJPRVÓNJDP
-BTGØSNVMBTZMBTFDVBDJPOFTRVÓNJDBT EJTUJOHVFOEFVODBNCJPGÓTJDP DPNPEFTUSVDDJØOEFTVTUBODJBTZGPSNBDJØOEF
7BSJFEBEEFSFBDDJPOFTRVÓNJDBT 6UJMJ[BDJØOEFSFQSFTFOUBDJØOJDØOJDBDPOFMPCKFUJWPEF PUSBTOVFWBT
3FBDDJPOFTÈDJEPCBTF DPNQSFOEFSMBTSFBDDJPOFTRVÓNJDBTDPNPEFTUSVDDJØO 6UJMJ[BSFMNPEFMPEJTDPOUJOVPEFNBUFSJBQBSB
El pH. EFMPTTJTUFNBTBUØNJDPTJOJDJBMFTZMBGPSNBDJØOEFPUSPT JOUFSQSFUBSFMDBNCJPRVÓNJDP
-BMMVWJBÈDJEB OVFWPT DPODPOTFSWBDJØOEFMPTÈUPNPT &NQMFBSNPEFMPTJDØOJDPTQBSBSFQSFTFOUBSMPT
3FBDDJPOFTEFQSFDJQJUBDJØO *OUFSQSFUBDJØOEFMBTSFBDDJPOFTRVÓNJDBTFOUÏSNJOPTEF FTUBEPTJOJDJBMZmOBMEFVOTJTUFNBFOFMRVF
3FBDDJPOFTEFØYJEPSFEVDDJØOPSFEPY JOUFSDBNCJPEFFOFSHÓBDPOFMNFEJP PDVSSBVODBNCJPRVÓNJDP
-BDPNCVTUJØO 5SBCBKPDPOFMMFOHVBKFZMBTFYQSFTJPOFTTJNCØMJDBTEFMB 6TBSFMMFOHVBKFTJNCØMJDPQSPQJPEFMB2VÓNJDBBM
3FBDDJPOFTRVÓNJDBTZFOFSHÓB RVÓNJDBFODVBOUPBMVTP FMTFOUJEPZFMTJHOJGJDBEPEFMBT FTDSJCJSMBTFDVBDJPOFTRVÓNJDBT
3FBDDJPOFTFYPUÏSNJDBTZFOEPUÏSNJDBT ecuaciones. &YQMJDBSMBTSFBDDJPOFTRVÓNJDBTRVFDPOUBNJOBO
1SFTFOUBDJØOEFMQSPCMFNBEFMCBMBODFPEFMBTFDVBDJPOFT MPTFDPTJTUFNBTZDVÈMFTFMPSJHFOEFFTUBT
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la masa. FYQMJDBS VUJMJ[BOEPFMNPEFMP TJTFUSBUBEF
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-FDUVSBTPCSFMBDPSSPTJØOZTPCSFFMIJESØHFOPDPNP
BMUFSOBUJWBBMPTDPNCVTUJCMFTGØTJMFT

4 El átomo
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mOEFDPNQSFOEFSMBOBUVSBMF[BFMÏDUSJDBEFMBNBUFSJB
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-FZEFMBTQSPQPSDJPOFTEFGJOJEBT &YQMJDBDJØOEFMBTQSPQJFEBEFTEFMPTÈUPNPT DPNPTV 3FDPOPDFSBMOÞNFSPBUØNJDPDPNPDBSBDUFSÓTUJDP
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6ONPEFMPEFÈUPNP número másico. 7JODVMBSFMOÞNFSPBUØNJDPDPOMBOBUVSBMF[BZMB
&MEFTDVCSJNJFOUPEFMOÞDMFP 3FDPOPDJNJFOUPEFMOÞNFSPBUØNJDPDPNPDBSBDUFSÓTUJDP DPNQPTJDJØOEFDBEBUJQPEFÈUPNP
.PEFMPBUØNJDPBDUVBM EFDBEBFMFNFOUPZTVWJODVMBDJØODPOMBOBUVSBMF[BZMB 3FDPOPDFSMBTGPSNBTEFSFQSFTFOUBDJØOQSPQJBTEF
1SPQJFEBEFTEFMPTÈUPNPT DPNQPTJDJØOEFDBEBUJQPEFÈUPNP MBRVÓNJDBBUSBWÏTEFMPTTÓNCPMos de los
)JTUPSJBEFMBUBCMBQFSJØEJDB %FTDSJQDJØOEFMBFWPMVDJØOIJTUØSJDBEFMPSEFOBNJFOUPEF FMFNFOUPT
5BCMBQFSJØEJDBBDUVBM MPTFMFNFOUPTRVÓNJDPTFOMBUBCMBQFSJØEJDB $PNQSFOEFSMBFWPMVDJØOZFMDBNCJPEFDSJUFSJPT
$BSBDUFSÓTUJDBTEFMBUBCMBQFSJØEJDBBDUVBM 1SFTFOUBDJØOEFMBUBCMBQFSJØEJDBBDUVBMEFMPTFMFNFOUPT EFMPSEFOBNJFOUPQFSJØEJDPEFMPTFMFNFOUPTBMP
-BFMFDUSPOFHBUJWJEBEZFMDBSÈDUFSNFUÈMJDP RVÓNJDPTZEJGFSFODJBDJØOFOUSFHSVQPTZQFSÓPEPT MBSHPEFMUJFNQPZMPTBWBODFTDJFOUÓGJDPT
1SPQJFEBEFTEFMPTNFUBMFT &TUVEJPEFMBSFMBDJØOEFMPSEFOBNJFOUPEFMPTFMFNFOUPT %FTDSJCJSMBSFMBDJØOEFMPSEFOBNJFOUPQFSJØEJDPEF
1SPQJFEBEFTEFMPTOPNFUBMFT RVÓNJDPTZTVTQSPQJFEBEFTGÓTJDBTZRVÓNJDBT MPTFMFNFOUPTZTVTQSPQJFEBEFT
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-PTFMFNFOUPTSBEJBDUJWPT &YQMJDBDJØOTFODJMMBEFMPTFMFNFOUPTSBEJBDUJWPTZTVT %JGFSFODJBSFOUSFHSVQPTZQFSÓPEPTEFMBUBCMB
propiedades. periódica.
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escolares. UBCMBQFSJØEJDB
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campo.
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3
4

Capítulo Contenidos Estrategias didácticas Expectativas de logro


5 Los materiales y
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la electricidad 7BSJFEBEEFGFOØNFOPTFMFDUSPTUÈUJDPT &TUBCMFDJNJFOUPEFBOBMPHÓBTZTFNFKBO[BTFOUSFMPT FTUSVDUVSBJOUFSOB
-BJOUFSBDDJØOFMFDUSPTUÈUJDB GFOØNFOPTFMÏDUSJDPTBUNPTGÏSJDPTZMPTDPUJEJBOPT &YQMJDBSMBFMFDUSJmDBDJØOEFVODVFSQPFO
-PTNBUFSJBMFTDPOEVDUPSFTFMÏDUSJDPT &YQMJDBDJØOEFMDPNQPSUBNJFOUPFMÏDUSJDPEFMPT UÏSNJOPTEFHBOBODJBPQÏSEJEBEFFMFDUSPOFT
-PTNBUFSJBMFTTVQFSDPOEVDUPSFT NBUFSJBMFTBQBSUJSEFMNPEFMPBUØNJDPZEFTVFTUSVDUVSB %FTDSJCJSMBTGVFS[BTFMÏDUSJDBTFOUÏSNJOPTEF
-PTNBUFSJBMFTBJTMBOUFTEFMBFMFDUSJDJEBE JOUFSOB JOUFSBDDJØOFOUSFDBSHBTEFJHVBMPEJGFSFOUFTJHOP
-PTTFNJDPOEVDUPSFT %FTDSJQDJØOEFMBWBSJFEBEEFGFOØNFOPTFMFDUSPTUÈUJDPTZ 6UJMJ[BSMBOPDJØOEFDBNQPQBSBFYQMJDBSMBT
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EJTUBODJB JOUFSBDDJPOFTFMÏDUSJDBTBEJTUBODJB QFSNJUFOEPUBSEFDBSHBBVOPCKFUPoJOEVDDJØO 
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QVOUBT DPNPVOJOTUSVNFOUPNBUFNÈUJDPNFEJBOUFFMDVBMFT DPUJEJBOPT
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$MBTJmDBDJØOEFMPTNBUFSJBMFTFODPOEVDUPSFTZBJTMBOUFT QPTJCMFDBMDVMBSMBTGVFS[BTTFHÞOMBDBSHB
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"OÈMJTJTEFMPTQSPDFEJNJFOUPTOFDFTBSJPTQBSBMB TPMVDJPOFTBQSPCMFNBTPQSFHVOUBTQMBOUFBEPT
SFTPMVDJØOEFQSPCMFNBT DPOFMmOEFFODPOUSBS &MBCPSBSIJQØUFTJTZSFBMJ[BSFYQFSJFODJBTTFODJMMBT
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NFEJBOUFMBMFDUVSBEFUFYUPTJOGPSNBUJWPT

6 La corriente
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eléctrica $JSDVJUPTFOTFSJF 3FDPOPDJNJFOUPEFMPTFMFNFOUPTEFVODJSDVJUPFMÏDUSJDP 3FDPOPDFSMPTEJTUJOUPTFMFNFOUPTEFVODJSDVJUP
$JSDVJUPTFOQBSBMFMP TFODJMMPZEFTVGVODJØO FMÏDUSJDPTFODJMMPZFYQMJDBSTVGVODJPOBNJFOUP
&MGMVKPEFDBSHBTZMBMFZEF0IN %FTDSJQDJØOMBTVOJEBEFTFORVFTFFYQSFTBOMBTWBSJBCMFT $POPDFSMBTVOJEBEFTFORVFTFFYQSFTBOMBT
-BSFQSFTFOUBDJØOEFDJSDVJUPTFMNPEFMP EFVODJSDVJUP WBSJBCMFTEFVODJSDVJUP
IJESÈVMJDP 3FQSFTFOUBDJØOHSÈmDBEFDJSDVJUPTFMÏDUSJDPTTFODJMMPT 3FQSFTFOUBSHSÈGJDBNFOUFDJSDVJUPTFMÏDUSJDPT
-BSFTJTUFODJBEFMPTDBCMFT 6UJMJ[BDJØOEFBOBMPHÓBIJESÈVMJDBQBSBFYQMJDBSMB sencillos.
-BDPSSJFOUFBMUFSOB DPSSJFOUFFMÏDUSJDB %JTF×BSZDPOTUSVJSDJSDVJUPTFMÏDUSJDPTTFODJMMPT
-BQPUFODJBFMÏDUSJDB *OUFSQSFUBDJØOEFMBDPSSJFOUFFMÏDUSJDBDPNP 6UJMJ[BSMBTVOJEBEFTBEFDVBEBTQBSBFYQSFTBS
&MFGFDUP+PVMF NPWJNJFOUPEFDBSHBT QPUFODJBTFMÏDUSJDBTZQPEFSFTUJNBSQPUFODJBT
&MDPSUPDJSDVJUP %FTBSSPMMPEFMPTDPODFQUPTEFQPUFODJBTFMÏDUSJDBTZ FMÏDUSJDBTEJTJQBEBT
1SFDBVDJPOFTBOUFMBDPSSJFOUFFMÏDUSJDB QPUFODJBTFMÏDUSJDBTEJTJQBEBTQPSEJWFSTPTBQBSBUPTB 3FDPOPDFSMPTDVJEBEPTOFDFTBSJPTBMUSBCBKBSDPO
-BTSFEFTEPNJDJMJBSJBT QBSUJSEFVONPEFMPTFODJMMP DPSSJFOUFFMÏDUSJDBZMBTOPSNBTEFTFHVSJEBEFO
&MDBNJOPEFMBFMFDUSJDJEBEIBTUBOVFTUSBT %JGFSFODJBDJØOFOUSFMPTDPODFQUPTEFDPSSJFOUF FMIPHBS
casas. DPOUJOVBZBMUFSOB "OBMJ[BSUFYUPTJOGPSNBUJWPTTPCSFFMJNQBDUPRVF
-BTSFEFTEFUSBOTQPSUFZEJTUSJCVDJØO &YQMJDBDJØOEFMBQSPEVDDJØOZMBEJTUSJCVDJØOEFMB UJFOFFOMBTBMVEZFOFMBNCJFOUFFMVTPEFMB
&MBIPSSPEFFMFDUSJDJEBE DPSSJFOUFFMÏDUSJDBEFTEFMBQMBOUBQSPEVDUPSBIBTUBMBT FMFDUSJDJEBE
grandes ciudades. $POTUSVJSTJTUFNBTIJESÈVMJDPTDPOFMPCKFUJWP
-FDUVSBEFUFYUPTTPCSFMBFMFDUSJDJEBE TVTVTPTZ EFFNQMFBSMPTDPNPBOBMPHÓBQBSBFYQMJDBSFM
DPOTFDVFODJBTTPCSFMBTBMVEZFMBNCJFOUF DPODFQUPEFDPSSJFOUFFMÏDUSJDB

© Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723


© Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

7 Los imanes -PTJNBOFTOBUVSBMFTZFMNBHOFUJTNP 1SFTFOUBDJØOEFMPTJNBOFTOBUVSBMFTZFMNBHOFUJTNP %FTDSJCJSMPTIFDIPTIJTUØSJDPTSFMBDJPOBEPTDPO


naturales y -PTQPMPTEFVOJNÈO FOFMDPOUFYUPIJTUØSJDP MPTGFOØNFOPTNBHOÏUJDPT
artificiales "USBDDJPOFTZSFQVMTJPOFT %FTDSJQDJØOEFMPTQPMPTEFVOJNÈOZMBTGVFS[BTRVF 3FDPOPDFSMBFYJTUFODJBEFGVFS[BTNBHOÏUJDBTZ
1BSUJDJØOEFJNBOFT TFHFOFSBOFOUSFJNBOFT EJGFSFODJBSMBTEFMBTFMÏDUSJDBT
-PTNBUFSJBMFTGFSSPNBHOÏUJDPT $BSBDUFSJ[BDJØOEFMBGVFS[BNBHOÏUJDBZTVEJGFSFODJB *OUFSQSFUBSMBTGVFS[BTNBHOÏUJDBTBQBSUJSEFMB
'FOØNFOPTNBHOÏUJDPT DPOMBTGVFS[BTFMÏDUSJDBT OPDJØOEFDBNQPNBHOÏUJDP
-BQSPUFDDJØOBOUJNBHOÏUJDB %FTDSJQDJØOEFMPTNBUFSJBMFTGFSSPNBHOÏUJDPT 6UJMJ[BSMBOPDJØOEFDBNQPQBSBFYQMJDBSMBT
$BSBDUFSÓTUJDBTEFMBTGVFS[BTNBHOÏUJDBT &YQMJDBDJØOEFGFOØNFOPTDPUJEJBOPTBQBSUJSEFNPEFMPT JOUFSBDDJPOFTNBHOÏUJDBTBEJTUBODJB
6OBGVFS[BiBEJTUBODJBw DPOGVFS[BTNBHOÏUJDBT DPNPMBJOEVDDJØONBHOÏUJDBZFM $MBTJGJDBSMPTNBUFSJBMFTBQBSUJSEFTV
-BTJOUFSBDDJPOFTNBHOÏUJDBT GFSSPNBHOFUJTNP DPNQPSUBNJFOUPGSFOUFBDBNQPTNBHOÏUJDPT
&MDBNQPNBHOÏUJDP %FTDSJQDJØOEFMDBNQPNBHOÏUJDPDPOFMPCKFUJWPEF &YQMJDBSGFOØNFOPTDPUJEJBOPTBQBSUJSEF
$BNQPTBUSBDUJWPTZSFQVMTJWPT FYQMJDBSMBTJOUFSBDDJPOFTNBHOÏUJDBTBEJTUBODJB NPEFMPTDPOGVFS[BTNBHOÏUJDBT DPNPMB
&MQSJNFSNPEFMPDJFOUÓGJDPEFMNBHOFUJTNP *OUFSQSFUBDJØOEFMBTGVFS[BTNBHOÏUJDBTBQBSUJSEFMB JOEVDDJØONBHOÏUJDBZFMGFSSPNBHOFUJTNP
-PTUSBCBKPTQPTUFSJPSFTB(JMCFSU OPDJØOEFDBNQPNBHOÏUJDP -FFSZDPOTVMUBSEJWFSTBTGVFOUFTEFJOGPSNBDJØO
-PTFMFDUSPOFTZFMNPEFMPEFMNBHOFUJTNP 6UJMJ[BDJØOEFNPEFMPTDPOFMmOEFFYQMJDBSMBT ZDPOUSBTUBSMBTBGJSNBDJPOFTZMPTBSHVNFOUPTFO
-BUFNQFSBUVSBEF$VSJF propiedades de los imanes. MBTRVFTFGVOEBODPOMBTUFPSÓBTDJFOUÓGJDBTRVF
"MHVOBTBQMJDBDJPOFTEFMPTJNBOFT $MBTJmDBDJØOEFMPTNBUFSJBMFTBQBSUJSEFTV EFODVFOUBEFMPTGFOØNFOPTJOWPMVDSBEPT
DPNQPSUBNJFOUPGSFOUFBDBNQPTNBHOÏUJDPT
6UJMJ[BDJØOEFUÏDOJDBTJOEJSFDUBTDPOFMPCKFUJWPEF
WJTVBMJ[BSGFOØNFOPTOBUVSBMFT DPNPFMDBNQP
NBHOÏUJDP
"OÈMJTJTDSÓUJDPEFBSUÓDVMPTDJFOUÓmDPTSFMBDJPOBEPTDPOFM
NBHOFUJTNPZMBJNQPSUBODJBEFMBTGVFOUFTEF
información.

8 El magnetismo y
-BJOWFODJØOEFMBCSÞKVMB
-BFYQMJDBDJØOEF(JMCFSU
%FTDSJQDJØOEFMBCSÞKVMBDPNPJOTUSVNFOUPRVF
JOUFSBDDJPOBDPOMPTDBNQPTQBSBMBPSJFOUBDJØO
3FMBUBSMPTIFDIPTIJTUØSJDPTSFMBDJPOBEPTDPO
MBCSÞKVMBFJOUFSQSFUBSFMNPWJNJFOUPEFFTUF
sus aplicaciones -PTQPMPTEFMJNÈOFOVOBCSÞKVMB &YQMJDBDJØOEFMPTQPMPTNBHOÏUJDPTZMPTQPMPT JOTUSVNFOUPEFPSJFOUBDJØOBQBSUJSEFMBT
-PTQPMPTNBHOÏUJDPTZHFPHSÈGJDPTEFMB HFPHSÈmDPT ZTVSFMBDJØODPOMBEFDMJOBDJØOZMB JOUFSBDDJPOFTFOUSFJNBOFTZDBNQPT
5JFSSB JODMJOBDJØONBHOÏUJDBT $PNQSFOEFSFMGVODJPOBNJFOUPEFVOBCSÞKVMB
6OBCSÞKVMBJNQSFDJTB 1SFTFOUBDJØOZEFTDSJQDJØOEFMDBNQPHFPNBHOÏUJDP QBSBPSJFOUBSTFFTQBDJBMNFOUF CBTBEPFOFM
&MDBNQPNBHOÏUJDPUFSSFTUSF &YQMJDBDJØOEFMGVODJPOBNJFOUPZMPTDVJEBEPTEFMB DBNQPNBHOÏUJDPUFSSFTUSF
$BSBDUFSÓTUJDBTEFMDBNQPHFPNBHOÏUJDP CSÞKVMB CBTBEBFOTVDPNQPSUBNJFOUPGSFOUFBMDBNQP 3FDPOPDFSZEFTDSJCJSMPTQSJODJQBMFTGFOØNFOPT
6TPEFMBCSÞKVMBDVJEBEPTEFVOBCSÞKVMB HFPNBHOÏUJDP EFJOUFSBDDJPOFTFOUSFNBHOFUJTNPZ
EVSBOUFFMVTPZBMHVBSEBSMB %FTDSJQDJØOEFMPTQSJODJQBMFTGFOØNFOPTEFJOUFSBDDJPOFT FMFDUSJDJEBE ZFKFNQMJmDBSDPOVTPTDPUJEJBOPT
-BCSÞKVMBZMBOBWFHBDJØO FOUSFNBHOFUJTNPZFMFDUSJDJEBE ZFKFNQMJmDBDJØODPO &YQMJDBSDVBMJUBUJWBNFOUFGFOØNFOPTDPUJEJBOPT
&MTJTUFNB(14 VTPTDPUJEJBOPT DPNPMBHSÞBFMFDUSPNBHOÏUJDB FM BQBSUJSEFNPEFMPTDPOGVFS[BTNBHOÏUJDBT
&MNBHOFUJTNPZMBFMFDUSJDJEBE UFMÏHSBGPZFMNPUPSFMÏDUSJDP 3FBMJ[BSUSBCBKPTFYQFSJNFOUBMFTVUJMJ[BOEP
&MDBNQPNBHOÏUJDPEFVOBDPSSJFOUF 6TPZDPOTUSVDDJØOEFJOTUSVNFOUPTDPOFMPCKFUJWPEF JOTUSVNFOUPTBEFDVBEPTRVFQFSNJUBODPOUSBTUBS
FMÏDUSJDB QPOFSBQSVFCBIJQØUFTJTSFGFSJEBTBMNBHOFUJTNP MBTIJQØUFTJTGPSNVMBEBTTPCSFMBTQSPCMFNÈUJDBT
6TPTEFMPTFMFDUSPJNBOFT -FDUVSBTPCSFMPTTFSFTWJWPTZFMNBHOFUJTNP FMDBTP WJODVMBEBTBMPTDPOUFOJEPTFTQFDÓmDPT
&MFDUSPJNBOFTTVQFSDPOEVDUPSFT QBSUJDVMBSEFMBTQBMPNBTZMPT[BIPSÓFT $POTUSVJSJOTUSVNFOUPTEFNFEJDJØODBTFSPT 
&MNPUPSFMÏDUSJDP DPNPFMFMFDUSPJNÈO
5
6

Capítulo Contenidos Estrategias didácticas Expectativas de logro


9 Fuerzas,
-BTGVFS[BTZTVTFGFDUPT
-BSFQSFTFOUBDJØOEFMBTGVFS[BT
%FTDSJQDJØOEFMPTFGFDUPTRVFQSPEVDFOMBTGVFS[BTTPCSF
los cuerpos.
%FTDSJCJSMPTEJGFSFOUFTFGFDUPTRVFQSPWPDBOMBT
GVFS[BTTPCSFMPTDVFSQPT
interacciones y -PTTJTUFNBTEFGVFS[BT 6UJMJ[BDJØOEFMMFOHVBKFTJNCØMJDPQSPQJPEFMB'ÓTJDBBM 3FDPOPDFSMBEJGFSFODJBFOUSFGVFS[BTEFDPOUBDUP
campos -BTJOUFSBDDJPOFT FTDSJCJSZSFQSFTFOUBSNBHOJUVEFT ZGVFS[BTBEJTUBODJB
*OUFSBDDJPOFTiFTQFDJBMFTwMBGVFS[BEF "OÈMJTJTEFMBNFEJDJØOEFVOBGVFS[BZTVTVOJEBEFTEF 3FQSFTFOUBSMBTGVFS[BTNFEJBOUFEJBHSBNBT
fricción. medida. BEFDVBEPTZTF×BMBSFOFMMPTMBGVFS[BSFTVMUBOUF
-BJOUFSBDDJØOHSBWJUBUPSJB $MBTJmDBDJØOEFMBTNBHOJUVEFTFOFTDBMBSFTZWFDUPSJBMFT  &TUBCMFDFSMBEJGFSFODJBFOUSFMBGVFS[BRVFVO
&MDBNQPHSBWJUBUPSJP DPOFMPCKFUJWPEFSFQSFTFOUBSMBNBHOJUVEGVFS[B DVFSQPSFDJCFZFMDBNQPEFJOUFSBDDJØORVFMB
&MDBNQPHSBWJUBUPSJPZFMNPWJNJFOUPEFMPT *EFOUJmDBDJØOEFMBTGVFS[BTRVFBDUÞBOFOVOTJTUFNBZ QSPWPDB
BTUSPT DÈMDVMPEFMBGVFS[BSFTVMUBOUFEFMTJTUFNBNFEJBOUFMPT &YQMJDBSFMDPODFQUPEFDBNQPHSBWJUBUPSJPZTV
-BBUSBDDJØOMVOBSZMBTNBSFBT diagramas adecuados. SFMBDJØODPOFMNPWJNJFOUPEFMPTBTUSPTZMBT
$BNQPTFMÏDUSJDPTZNBHOÏUJDPT &TUVEJPEFMBUFSDFSBMFZEF/FXUPOPMFZEFJOUFSBDDJØO mareas.
&MDBNQPFMFDUSPNBHOÏUJDP EFGVFS[BT 3FQSFTFOUBSHSÈmDBNFOUFDBNQPTEFDBSHBT 
-BQSFTJØO %FTDSJQDJØOEFMBGVFS[BEFGSJDDJØODPNPVODBTP JNBOFTZDPSSJFOUFT FTUBCMFDJFOEPTJNJMJUVEFTZ
-BQSFTJØOFOMPTGMVJEPT QBSUJDVMBSEFJOUFSBDDJØO diferencias.
*OUSPEVDDJØOBMBOPDJØOEFDBNQPHSBWJUBUPSJPDPO 6UJMJ[BSMPTUÏSNJOPTBEFDVBEPTQBSBSFGFSJSTFB
FMPCKFUJWPEFQPOFSFOFWJEFODJBMBTJOUFSBDDJPOFT GFOØNFOPTRVFJOWPMVDSFOGVFS[BTZQSFTJPOFT Z
HSBWJUBUPSJBT VTBSMBTVOJEBEFTQFSUJOFOUFTQBSBFYQSFTBSMPT
%FTDSJQDJØOEFMBSFMBDJØOFOUSFFMDBNQPHSBWJUBUPSJP FM 7BMPSBSMBJNQPSUBODJBEFMBSFDPMFDDJØOZFM
NPWJNJFOUPEFMPTBTUSPTZMBTNBSFBT SFHJTUSPEFEBUPTFOFMUSBCBKPFYQFSJNFOUBM Z
3FQSFTFOUBDJØOHSÈmDBEFDBNQPTEFDBSHBT JNBOFTZ UFOFSFODVFOUBMPTQPTJCMFTFSSPSFTEFNFEJDJØO
DPSSJFOUFT FTUBCMFDJFOEPTJNJMJUVEFTZEJGFSFODJBT
&YQMJDBDJØOEFMDPODFQUPEFQSFTJØOFOMPTnVJEPT
FNQMFBOEPFMNPEFMPDJOÏUJDPNPMFDVMBS
&TUVEJPEFMBTNFEJDJPOFTFOMBFYQFSJNFOUBDJØOZTVT
errores.
-FDUVSBTTPCSFMBBVTFODJBEFHSBWFEBEZTVTFGFDUPTFOFM
DVFSQPIVNBOP

© Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723


Clave de respuestas
Sección La naturaleza corpuscular Página 11
I de la materia 5. &TUBQSFHVOUBBENJUFWBSJBTSFTQVFTUBT ZBRVFFYJTUFOEJWFSTPT
DSJUFSJPT EF DMBTJGJDBDJØO  TFHÞO FM VTP RVF TF MF RVJFSB EBS BM
Página 9 BHSVQBNJFOUPPCUFOJEP"FTUPTNBUFSJBMFT QPSFKFNQMP TFMPT
QPESÓBDMBTJGJDBSEFBDVFSEPDPOTVPSJHFOFONBUFSJBMFTOBUVSBMFT
1. 1BSBMBGBCSJDBDJØOEFMBDBCJOB TFVUJMJ[ØLFWMBSZGJCSBEFDBS- EFPSJHFOBOJNBM WFHFUBMZNJOFSBM PFONBUFSJBMFTBSUJGJDJBMFT
CPOP MPRVFQFSNJUÓBQSFTVSJ[BSMBZGBDJMJUBSMBSFTQJSBDJØOEF DSFBEPTQPSFMIPNCSF
4FHÞOFTUFDSJUFSJPMPTHSVQPTTFSÓBO
MPTUSJQVMBOUFTBHSBOEFTBMUVSBT t Naturales de origen animal: lana.
t Naturales de origen vegetal: madera.
2. $VBOEPEFCFNPTFMFHJSFMNBUFSJBMOFDFTBSJPQBSBVOGJOEFUFS- t Naturales de origen mineral:QJFESB DPCSF
NJOBEP FT JNQPSUBOUF DPOPDFS DPO FYBDUJUVE  QPS VO MBEP  MBT t Artificiales:BDFSP QPMJDBSCPOBUP CSPODF WJESJP
QSPQJFEBEFTEFMNBUFSJBMZ QPSFMPUSP MBTEFMPCKFUPRVFRVFSF- 0USBDMBTJGJDBDJØOQPESÓBTFSNBUFSJBMFTPQBDPT IJFSSP NBEFSB 
NPTDPOTUSVJS BDFSP DPCSF MBOB CSPODFZQJFESB
ZUSBOTQBSFOUFT QPMJDBSCP-
OBUP WJESJP

3. &OMPTUVCPT FMQSPQBOPTFFODVFOUSBFOFTUBEPMÓRVJEP NJFO- 0USBQPTJCJMJEBEFTQPSTVVTPNBUFSJBMFTQBSBMBDPOTUSVDDJØO
USBTRVFBMUSBTMBEBSMPBMHMPCPQBTBBMFTUBEPHBTFPTP&TUPPDV- IJFSSP NBEFSB BDFSP DPCSF QPMJDBSCPOBUP CSPODF QJFESB WJ-
rre por la disminución de la presión que sufre el propano al salir ESJP
ZQBSBMBJOEVTUSJBUFYUJM MBOB

EFMUVCPEFUJUBOJP
6. 6OB QPTJCJMJEBE TFSÓB DMBTJGJDBS MPT NBUFSJBMFT FO SFTJTUFOUFT
4. &MRVFNBEPSVCJDBEPEFCBKPEFMBCPDBEFMHMPCPTFVUJMJ[BQBSB Z GSÈHJMFT  TJFOEP MPT QSJNFSPT MPT NÈT BQUPT QBSB GBCSJDBS MPT
DBMFOUBS FM HBT EFOUSP EF FTUF "M IBDFSMP  FM HBT TF FYQBOEF  FNCBMBKFTEFPCKFUPTGSÈHJMFT0USBQPTJCJMJEBETFSÓBBHSVQBSMPT
BVNFOUBTVWPMVNFO EJTNJOVZFTVEFOTJEBEZBTDJFOEF DVN- UPNBOEP FO DVFOUB MB DBQBDJEBE RVF UJFOFO EF BCTPSCFS MPT
QMJFOEPDPOFMQSJODJQJPEF"SRVÓNFEFT&TUPTFSFMBDJPOBDPO DIPRVFTQSPEVDJEPTQPSQPTJCMFTHPMQFT TJFOEPBQUPTQBSBFTUB
MBDBSBDUFSÓTUJDBEFMPTHBTFTEFDPNQSJNJSTFZEJMBUBSTFBOUFMBT GVODJØOMBHPNBFTQVNB FMUFMHPQPS FUDÏUFSB
WBSJBDJPOFTEFUFNQFSBUVSB
Página 13
5. &MQSPQBOPTVGSFVOBSFBDDJØOEFDPNCVTUJØO&OQSFTFODJBEF
PYÓHFOPTFUSBOTGPSNBFOEJØYJEPEFDBSCPOPZBHVBDPOMJCFSB- 7. a) &MPMPSEFVOQFSGVNFMMFHBBOVFTUSBOBSJ[DPNPHBTZ QPS
DJØOEFMV[ZDBMPS.VDIPTPUSPTNBUFSJBMFTZTVTUBODJBTQVFEFO MPUBOUP UJFOEFBPDVQBSUPEPFMFTQBDJPEJTQPOJCMF GMVZF

TVGSJSDPNCVTUJØO DPOMJCFSBDJØOEFMMBNBZTJOFMMB-PTNÈT b) -BNBEFSBTFFODVFOUSBFOFTUBEPTØMJEP ZOPTFBEBQUBBMB
DPOPDJEPTTPOMPTRVFTFVTBOIBCJUVBMNFOUFDPNPDPNCVTUJ- GPSNBEFVOSFDJQJFOUFTJOFNCBSHP FMMÓRVJEPTÓ ZBRVFFT
CMFTQBSBDBMFGBDDJPOBSBNCJFOUFT DPDJOBSBMJNFOUPTPQSPQVM- un fluido.
TBSWFIÓDVMPTNBEFSB OBGUBT HBTOBUVSBM
Página 14

1 Los estados de la materia 8. 4FFTQFSBRVFMPTBMVNOPTQVFEBOFYQSFTBSFOGPSNBCSFWFMPT


DPODFQUPTEFMBUFPSÓBDJOÏUJDPNPMFDVMBS-BTJEFBTRVFEFCF-
Página 10 SÓBOJODMVJSFOFTUFSFTVNFOTPOMBQSFTFODJBEFQBSUÓDVMBT MB
FOFSHÓBDJOÏUJDBEFFTUBTRVFEFUFSNJOBTVNPWJNJFOUPZMBSF-
1. 1PSRVFOPSFBMJ[ØVOBEFNPTUSBDJØODJFOUÓGJDBEFFTUBTUFPSÓBT  MBDJØOFOUSFFOFSHÓBDJOÏUJDBZUFNQFSBUVSB
TJOPRVFTFCBTØFYDMVTJWBNFOUFFOTVTIJQØUFTJT
Página 15
2. 4FFTQFSBRVFMPTBMVNOPTFWJEFODJFOFOTVTFTRVFNBTMBTDB-
SBDUFSÓTUJDBTRVFBTJHOBOBMPTNBUFSJBMFTMBTUFPSÓBTBMBTRVFTF 9. -PT NBUFSJBMFT RVF TF FODVFOUSBO FO FTUBEP TØMJEP QSFTFOUBO
IBDFSFGFSFODJBFOFMUFYUPMPTNBUFSJBMFTFTUÈOGPSNBEPTQPS VOBFTUSVDUVSBJOUFSOBDSJTUBMJOB MBTGVFS[BTEFVOJØOFOUSFMBT
GVFHP BJSF BHVBZUJFSSBFOEJGFSFOUFTQSPQPSDJPOFT &NQÏEP- QBSUÓDVMBTFTNVZJOUFOTBZTVQFSBOTVFOFSHÓBDJOÏUJDB QPSMP
DMFT
ZMPTNBUFSJBMFTFTUÈOGPSNBEPTQPSQBSUÓDVMBTJOEJWJTJCMFT RVFTPMPQVFEFONPWFSTFFOUPSOPBQVOUPTGJKPT&OMPTMÓRVJ-
NVZQFRVF×BT %FNØDSJUP
 EPT FODBNCJP IBZNBZPSEJTUBODJBFOUSFMBTQBSUÓDVMBT FTUBT
© Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

DBSFDFOEFVOPSEFOBNJFOUPQSFDJTPZMBTGVFS[BTFOUSFFMMBTTPO
3. &MUÏSNJOPÈUPNP EFPSJHFOHSJFHP RVJFSFEFDJSiJOEJWJTJCMFw  NFOPSFT QPSMPRVFTVGPSNBQVFEFWBSJBSDPODJFSUBGBDJMJEBE
ZBRVFFTBFSBMBDBSBDUFSÓTUJDBRVFMFTBTJHOBCB%FNØDSJUPBMBT
QBSUÓDVMBTRVFDPNQPOÓBOUPEBTMBTDPTBT 10. (BTFPTPMÓRVJEPTØMJEP4FFYQMJDBQPSMBDBOUJEBEEFQBSUÓDVMBT
QSFTFOUFTQPSVOJEBEEFWPMVNFOFODBEBFTUBEPEFBHSFHBDJØO
4. &M UFYUP TF SFGJFSF B RVF DPNP MPT QSJODJQBMFT SFGFSFOUFT JOUF-
MFDUVBMFT EF MB ÏQPDB OP TF IJDJFSPO FDP EF FTUB UFPSÓB  OP MB 11. 6OTØMJEPDSJTUBMJOPQSFTFOUBTVTQBSUÓDVMBTCJFOPSEFOBEBTVO
USBOTNJUJFSPOBTVTBMVNOPTZ QPSMPUBOUP OPGVFTVGJDJFOUF- TØMJEPBNPSGP FODBNCJP DBSFDFEFFTUSVDUVSBPSEFOBEB4VT
NFOUFDPOPDJEBDPNPQBSBRVFTFBEPQUBSBDPNPWÈMJEB PBM NPMÏDVMBTTVFMFOTFSNVZDPNQMFKBTZOPQFSNJUFOVOPSEFOB-
NFOPTGVFSBEJTDVUJEBBEFDVBEBNFOUFFOFMNVOEPDJFOUÓGJDP NJFOUPQFSGFDUP
EFMBÏQPDBZFMQPTUFSJPS

7
Página 16 19. 4FHÞOMBMFZEF(BZ-VTTBD MBQSFTJØOBVNFOUBFOGPSNBQSPQPS-
DJPOBMBMBUFNQFSBUVSB"MDJSDVMBSDPOFMBVUP MBUFNQFSBUVSB
12. 4FHÞOMPTQPTUVMBEPTEFMBUFPSÓBDJOÏUJDPNPMFDVMBSMBTWBSJB- EF MBT SVFEBT TF JODSFNFOUB QPS FM SP[BNJFOUP Z  QPS MP UBOUP 
CMFTEFFTUBEPQBSBVOHBTJEFBMTPOFMWPMVNFO MBUFNQFSBUV- BVNFOUBMBQSFTJØO
SB MBNBTBZMBQSFTJØO
20. 4FHÞOMBNJTNBMFZ FMBJSFEFOUSPEFMHMPCPTFFYQBOEFBMBV-
13. -BQSFTJØOTFSFMBDJPOBDPOFMOÞNFSPEFDIPRVFTRVFTFQSPEV- NFOUBSMBUFNQFSBUVSBZTFJODSFNFOUBMBQSFTJØOTPCSFFMNBUF-
DFOFOUSFMBTQBSUÓDVMBTEFMHBT"NFOPSFTQBDJPQBSBVONJTNP SJBMFMÈTUJDPRVFGPSNBFMHMPCP4JFTUFZBTFFODPOUSBCBJOGMBEP
OÞNFSPEFQBSUÓDVMBT NÈTDIPRVFTIBCSÈ"NBZPSOÞNFSPEF BMNÈYJNPEFSFTJTUFODJB DVBOEPTFDBMJFOUB FMWPMVNFOEFBJSF
DIPRVFTFOUSFMBTQBSUÓDVMBT NBZPSTFSÈMBQSFTJØO"TVWF[ FM BVNFOUBZFMHMPCPFTUBMMB
WPMVNFOTFSFMBDJPOBDPOFMFTQBDJPRVFRVFEBFOUSFMBTQBSUÓ-
DVMBTEFMHBTBNBZPSFTQBDJP NBZPSWPMVNFOPDVQBFMHBT Página 21

14. 4F FTQFSB RVF MPT BMVNOPT  MVFHP EF IBCFS DPNQSFOEJEP FM 21. 4JMBTVTUBODJBUJFOFCBKPQVOUPEFGVTJØO RVJFSFEFDJSRVFIBZ
UFNB QVFEBOFMBCPSBSVOBEFGJOJDJØOQPSTÓNJTNPT6OBQP- RVF FOUSFHBSMF QPDB FOFSHÓB QBSB WFODFS MBT GVFS[BT EF BUSBD-
TJCJMJEBEFTiMBTWBSJBCMFTEFFTUBEPTPOUPEBTMBTQSPQJFEBEFT DJØO RVF NBOUJFOFO VOJEBT MBT QBSUÓDVMBT EFM TØMJEP  QSFDJTB-
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22. .JFOUSBTPDVSSFOMPTDBNCJPTEFFTUBEP MBUFNQFSBUVSBTFNBO-
15. -BEFOTJEBEEFMBJSFDPOUFOJEPFOFMHMPCPEJTNJOVZFDVBOEP UJFOFDPOTUBOUF ZBTFBOFTUPTSFHSFTJWPTPQSPHSFTJWPT
BVNFOUBMBUFNQFSBUVSB TJFNQSFZDVBOEPMBQSFTJØOTFNBO-
UFOHBDPOTUBOUF
&MBHVBMÓRVJEB FODBNCJP OPFYQFSJNFOUB Página 23
WBSJBDJPOFTEFEFOTJEBEBMTPNFUFSMBBVOBVNFOUPEFUFNQF-
SBUVSB QPSRVFFMWPMVNFOEFVOBEFUFSNJOBEBNBTBEFMÓRVJEP 23. a) 4FQSPEVKPVOBVNFOUPEFUFNQFSBUVSBEFMBHVBQPSMBEJT-
FTJOWBSJBCMF NJOVDJØOEFMBQSFTJØOQSPEVDJEBBMUJSBSEFMÏNCPMPEFMB
KFSJOHB&MCVSCVKFPJOEJDBRVFTFMMFHØBMQVOUPEFFCVMMJ-
Página 17 ción.
b) 4JTFUSBCBKBDPOVOBTVTUBODJBDVZPQVOUPEFFCVMMJDJØOOP
16. "M EJTNJOVJS MB QSFTJØO B MB NJUBE  FM WPMVNFO TFSÈ FM EPCMF FTEFNBTJBEPBMUP QPESÓBBMDBO[BSTFEFFTUBNBOFSB PCJFO
1BSBFMFKFNQMP VUJMJ[BOEPVONÏUPEPRVFMPHSFBVNFOUPTEFQSFTJØOBEF-
DVBEPTBMBTUFNQFSBUVSBTRVFTFOFDFTJUBBMDBO[BS
P1 · V1 = P2 · V2 c) -PTBMVNOPTVUJMJ[BSPOHVBSEBQPMWP MFOUFTEFTFHVSJEBEZ
4 atm · 4 l = 2 atm · V2 HVBOUFTUVWJFSPOQSFDBVDJØODVBOEPNBOJQVMBSPOFMDBMFO-
UBEPSFMÏDUSJDPZFMNBUFSJBMEFWJESJPGVFSPODBVUFMPTPTDPO
4 atm · 4 l
V2 = =8l MBTTVTUBODJBTRVFVTBSPO FWJUBOEPTBMQJDBEVSBTBMDBSHBSMB
2 atm
KFSJOHBZBMUSBTWBTBSFMMÓRVJEPBMUVCP

17. "MBVNFOUBSMBUFNQFSBUVSBBMEPCMF FMWPMVNFOUBNCJÏOTFSÈ Página 24


FMEPCMF
4JUFOFNPTMEFVOHBTB¡$ZMPMMFWBNPTB¡$ 24. &OMBTMFZFTEFMPTHBTFT"MDBMFOUBSVOHBT TVWPMVNFOUBNCJÏO
V1 V2 BVNFOUB Z TV EFOTJEBE EJTNJOVZF  QPS MP RVF TF FMFWB FO FM
= aire.
T 1 T2

4l V2 25. "MQSJODJQJP BJSFDBMJFOUFMVFHP IJESØHFOP IFMJPZQSPQBOP


=
25 °C 50 °C
26. &MHMPCPOPQVFEFEJSJHJSTFMBEJSFDDJØORVFUPNFFTUÈMJCSBEBB
4 l · 50 °C MPTWJFOUPTZOPFTNVZTFHVSPOJQVFEFUSBOTQPSUBSNVDIPTQB-
V2 = =8l TBKFSPT4FVUJMJ[BDPOGJOFTEFQPSUJWPTZSFDSFBUJWPT&MEJSJHJCMF
25 °C
TFNPTUSØDPNPQPDPTFHVSP)PZTFVUJMJ[BQSJODJQBMNFOUFDPO
GJOFTQVCMJDJUBSJPT
Página 18
Página 25
© Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

18. V1 V2
= 27. a) y b) 0DVQB QPDP FTQBDJP  TF QSFTFOUB FO DBQBT NVZ GJOBT 
T 1 T2
UJFOF HSBO DBQBDJEBE EF QSPDFTBNJFOUP  FT GMFYJCMF  USBOT-
2l V2 QBSFOUF Z EPTDJFOUBT WFDFT NÈT SFTJTUFOUF RVF FM BDFSP &T
= MJWJBOPZDPOEVDFNVZCJFOMBFMFDUSJDJEBE
26 °C 5 °C
c) 4FSFGJFSFBRVFMBTDBQBTPCUFOJEBTUJFOFOVOÈUPNPEFFTQF-
2 l · 5 °C TPS DPOMPRVFQSÈDUJDBNFOUFEFTBQBSFDFMBEJNFOTJØOQSP-
V2 = = 0,38 l GVOEJEBE4FNBOUJFOFOMBTEPTEJNFOTJPOFTMBSHPZBODIP
26 °C
28. &OFTUFQVOUPTFQVFEFHFOFSBSVOBJOUFSFTBOUFEJTDVTJØOBQBSUJS
EFMBTJOWFTUJHBDJPOFTEFMPTBMVNOPT&MUFNBFTDPOUSPWFSUJEP
-PT EFGFOTPSFT EF MBT MFZFT EJDFO RVF FTUBT JNQJEFO RVF TF
8
EFTUJOFOGPOEPTBMBTBDUJWJEBEFTWJPMFOUBT MBTHVFSSBTJOUFSUSJ- c) 'BMTP4FHÞOMBMFZEF(BZ-VTTBD BWPMVNFODPOTUBOUF
CBMFT FUD-PTEFUSBDUPSFTIBCMBOEFRVFFOSFBMJEBEFTUBTBDUJWJ- P1 P2 P2 · T1
EBEFTOPQFSNJUFORVFMPTIBCJUBOUFTEFFTBT[POBT ZBEFQPSTÓ = QPSMPUBOUP T2 = .
T1 T2 P1
FNQPCSFDJEBT MMFWFOBEFMBOUFMBÞOJDBBDUJWJEBERVFMFTSFQPSUB
ingresos económicos. $VBOEP12BVNFOUB 52UBNCJÏOMPIBDFQSPQPSDJPOBMNFOUF
&TUPTFDPNQSVFCBFOFMHSÈGJDP B.
Página 26
34. a) &MHBTTBMFDPONFOPTGVFS[BQPSRVFMBCBKBUFNQFSBUVSBMP
29. Gases Líquidos Sólidos NBOUJFOFNFKPSEJTVFMUPFOFMBHVB-BEJTNJOVDJØOEFMB
Fluidez Fluyen Fluyen No fluyen UFNQFSBUVSBSFEVDFMBFOFSHÓBDJOÏUJDBEFMBTQBSUÓDVMBTZ BM
Compresibilidad Alta Casi no compresibles No compresibles NJTNPUJFNQP MBWFMPDJEBEZFMOÞNFSPEFDIPRVFTFOUSF
Forma Sin forma Sin forma propia Con forma propia ellas.
propia b) -B SVFEB TF TJFOUF NÈT DBMJFOUF -BT QBSUÓDVMBT EF BJSF TF
Volumen Indefinido Definido Definido NPWFSÈO NVDIP NÈT SÈQJEBNFOUF Z FTUBSÈO NÈT BMFKBEBT
Densidad Muy baja Intermedia Alta VOBTEFPUSBT
c) -BTQBSUÓDVMBTEFHBTUSBUBOEFPDVQBSUPEPFMFTQBDJPEJTQP-
30. 4FFTQFSBRVFMPTBMVNOPTIBZBOJOUFSOBMJ[BEPMBTFYQMJDBDJPOFT OJCMF FTEFDJS TFEJGVOEFO4FWBOBMFKBOEPVOBTEFPUSBT
EBEBTBDFSDBEFMBUFPSÓBDJOÏUJDPNPMFDVMBS EFNPEPEFQPEFS BNFEJEBRVFFMHBTTFFYQBOEFZTBMFEFMBHBSSBGB"OUFT
FYQSFTBSTVTJEFBTNÈTJNQPSUBOUFTDPOTVTQSPQJBTQBMBCSBTZ EFBCSJSMBHBSSBGBFTUBCBONVDIPNÈTDFSDBVOBTEFPUSBT
esquemas. 5BOUPNÈTDFSDB RVFFMHBTTFFODPOUSBCBFOFTUBEPMÓRVJEP

31. a) El esquema 1SFQSFTFOUBVOTJTUFNBFOFMRVFIBZVOBEF- Página 27


UFSNJOBEBDBOUJEBEEFQBSUÓDVMBTEFVOHBTFOVOSFDJQJFOUF
BMBQSFTJØOEFMBNCJFOUF$VBOEPTFBHSFHBNÈTHBTEFTEF 35. a) 0DIPMJUSPT ZBRVFTJMBHBSSBGBUJFOFFMEPCMFEFDBQBDJEBE 
VOBGVFOUFFYUFSOB FOFMFTRVFNB2IBZNBZPSOÞNFSPEF FMHBTPDVQBSÈUPEPFMWPMVNFOEJTQPOJCMF
QBSUÓDVMBTFOFMNJTNPWPMVNFO&OFMFTRVFNB3 FMWPMV- b) V1 · P1= V2 · P2
NFOEFMHBTBVNFOUØ 4 l · 2 atm
b) En 2 TF JODSFNFOUB FM OÞNFSP EF QBSUÓDVMBT FO FM NJTNP 4 l · 2 atm = 8 l · P2 = = 1 atm
8l
WPMVNFO ZMBQSFTJØOBVNFOUB4JOPTFFKFSDFQSFTJØOFY-
UFSOB FOFMQBTP3FMWPMVNFOBVNFOUB 36. 4FVUJMJ[BMBFDVBDJØOHFOFSBMEFMPTHBTFT&MDVBESPRVFEBBTÓ
c) 4JTFFKFSDFVOBQSFTJØOFYUFSOB QPSFKFNQMP QPOJFOEPQF-
Estado A B C D E
TBTTPCSFMBUBQBEFNPEPRVFOPTFFMFWF FMWPMVNFOQFS-
NBOFDFSÈDPOTUBOUFZMBQSFTJØOJOUFSOBEFMHBTBVNFOUBSÈ P (atm) 1 2 2   
V (l) 10  10   
32. a) Verdadera. T (K)     
b) 'BMTB"NBZPSUFNQFSBUVSBMBFOFSHÓBDJOÏUJDBEFMBTQBSUÓ-
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c) 'BMTB -B DBOUJEBE EF QBSUÓDVMBT EFM HBT  Z QPS MP UBOUP TV FOFSVQDJØOFMWPMDÈOQPSMBFOUSBEBEFBHVBEFNBSBMB
NBTB OPTFNPEJGJDBOTÓMPIBDF FOFTUFDBTP FMWPMVNFO CPDBEFMWPMDÈOZMBDPOTJHVJFOUFGPSNBDJØOEFHSBOEFTDBO-
d) 7FSEBEFSB $PNP MB EFOTJEBE TF EFGJOF DPNP FM DPDJFOUF UJEBEFTEFWBQPSEFBHVB
FOUSFMBNBTBZFMWPMVNFOEFVOBTVTUBODJB DVBOEPEJT- -BFSVQDJØOEFMNPOUFPeléeFOMBJTMBEF.BSUJOJDBEFTUSVZØ
NJOVJNPT FM WPMVNFO NBOUFOJFOEP DPOTUBOUF MB NBTB  MB la ciudad de St. Pierre BSSPKBOEP WBQPS  HBTFT WPMDÈOJDPT Z
EFOTJEBEBVNFOUB QPMWPBVOBUFNQFSBUVSBEFNÈTEF$
e) 'BMTB "M JODSFNFOUBS MB UFNQFSBUVSB MB QSFTJØO UBNCJÏO &OMB[POBEFMNPOUF4BOUB)FMFOB FOMPT&TUBEPT6OJEPT 
BVNFOUB&TUPTFEFEVDFQPSFMBVNFOUPEFMBFOFSHÓBDJOÏ- TFSFHJTUSBSPOUFSSFNPUPTQPSWBSJPTNFTFT MPRVFGVFEFCJ-
UJDB TFHÞOMBUFPSÓBDJOÏUJDPNPMFDVMBS ZQPSMPTSFTVMUBEPT MJUBOEPTVDBSBOPSUF&MEFNBZPEF VOUFSSFNPUP
FYQFSJNFOUBMFTRVFTFUSBEVDFOFOMBMFZEF(BZ-VTTBD NÈTGVFSUFQSPWPDØRVFFTUBTFEFTQMPNBSBZMJCFSBSBMBWB 
HBTFT Z SPDBT DBMJFOUFT  NJFOUSBT VOB DPMVNOB EF DFOJ[BT
33. a) $PSSFDUP 4FHÞO MB MFZ EF #PZMF.BSJPUUF  B UFNQFSBUVSB TVCÓB IBDJB MB BUNØTGFSB -PT HMBDJBSFT Z MB OJFWF RVF DV-
DPOTUBOUF CSÓBOFMNPOUFTFEFSSJUJFSPOZGPSNBSPOSÓPTEFMPEPRVFTF
P1 · V1 WPMDBSPOBMSÓP$PMVNCJB
P1 · V1= P2 · V2 QPSMPUBOUP P2 = . b) $FOJ[BTTØMJEBT QJFESBTFOFTUBEPMÓRVJEPDPNPMBWB WBQPS
© Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

V2
EFBHVBZEJWFSTPTHBTFT
$VBOEP72EJTNJOVZF 12BVNFOUBQSPQPSDJPOBMNFOUF&TUP c) -BTBMUÓTJNBTQSFTJPOFTRVFFYJTUFOFOFMJOUFSJPSEFMB5JF-
TFDPNQSVFCBFOFMHSÈGJDPA. SSB  BEFNÈT EF MBT FMFWBEBT UFNQFSBUVSBT  IBDFO RVF MBT
b) $PSSFDUP4FHÞOMBMFZEF$IBSMFTBQSFTJØODPOTUBOUF SPDBTUFOHBOFTUBEPMÓRVJEP"MTBMJSBMBTVQFSGJDJFTFTPMJEJ-
V1 V2 V1 · T2 GJDBOQPSMBEJTNJOVDJØOEFMBUFNQFSBUVSBZMBQSFTJØO
= QPSMPUBOUP V2 = . d) -PTHÏJTFSFTTPOGVFOUFTUFSNBMFTFOMBTRVFFMBHVBDBMJFOUF
T1 T2 T1
Z FM WBQPS TF WFO FYQVMTBEPT QFSJØEJDBNFOUF IBDJB FM FY-
$VBOEP52BVNFOUF 72TFJODSFNFOUBSÈQSPQPSDJPOBMNFOUF UFSJPS FO GPSNB EF FSVQDJØO 4F QSPEVDFO QPSRVF FM BHVB
&TUPTFDPNQSVFCBFOFMHSÈGJDPC. TVQFSGJDJBMFOUSBFODPOUBDUPDPOFMNBHNB TFDBMJFOUBZTF
DPOWJFSUFFOWBQPSRVFTBMFBMBTVQFSGJDJF

9
38. a) 4FFYQBOEF FTEFDJS BVNFOUBTVWPMVNFO 8. 4FQFTBOHEFDMPSVSPEFTPEJPZTFMMFWBBNMDPOBHVB
b) %JTNJOVZFTVEFOTJEBE FMBJSFDBMJFOUFFTNÈTiMJWJBOPwRVF
FMBJSFGSÓP
 9. -BDPODFOUSBDJØOFT NN
c) 4FEJSJHFB[POBTNÈTBMUBTFOMBBUNØTGFSB QSFDJTBNFOUF
porque es menos denso. 10. %FCFSÓBNPTUPNBSBQSPYJNBEBNFOUFNMEFMFDIFQPSEÓB

11. &MBMDPIPMFUÓMJDPFTUÈFOVOBDPODFOUSBDJØOEFM WWZFM


2 Las soluciones BMDPIPMCFODÓMJDPFO WW

Página 28 Página 39

1. &MDBNCJPEFFTUBEPFTEFMÓRVJEPBTØMJEPZTFEFOPNJOBTPMJEJ- 12. a) 5JFOFO RVF IBCFS DPNQSPCBEP RVF BNCBT UÏDOJDBT TPO
GJDBDJØO&MQVOUPEFTPMJEJGJDBDJØOEFMBHVBQVSBFTEF¡$ BEFDVBEBT QBSB TFQBSBS MPT DPNQPOFOUFT EF MBT NF[DMBT
FMFHJEBT -B DSPNBUPHSBGÓB TPCSF QBQFM QFSNJUJØ PCTFSWBS
2. -BQSPQJFEBEEFMEFTDFOTPDSJPTDØQJDPEFMBTTPMVDJPOFTTFVUJ- DMBSBNFOUF MB TFQBSBDJØO EF MBT UJOUBT FO TVT EJGFSFOUFT
MJ[BQBSBFWJUBSRVFFMBHVBEFMSBEJBEPSEFMNPUPSEFMPTBVUPT DPNQPOFOUFT MPRVFTFDPNQSPCØNFEJBOUFMBPCTFSWBDJØO
TFDPOHFMFFOFMJOWJFSOP1BSBFTUPTFBHSFHBOBOUJDPOHFMBOUFT  EFEJGFSFOUFTDPMPSFT4FQPESÓBOVUJMJ[BSPUSPTNÏUPEPTDSP-
RVFDPOUJFOFOTVTUBODJBTEJTVFMUBTZCBKBOFMQVOUPEFDPOHFMB- NBUPHSÈGJDPTNÈTDPNQMFKPTDPOVOSFTVMUBEPTJNJMBS
NJFOUPEFMBHVB -BFYQFSJFODJBEFEFTUJMBDJØOGVFÞUJMQBSBTFQBSBSMPTDPNQP-
OFOUFTEFMBTPMVDJØOUFOJFOEPFODVFOUBMPTEJGFSFOUFTQVO-
3. &MBTDFOTPFCVMMPTDØQJDPTFBQMJDBBMDBNCJPEFFTUBEPEFMÓRVJEP UPTEFFCVMMJDJØOEFTVTDPNQPOFOUFT.FEJBOUFFTUBUÏDOJDB
BHBTFPTPZTFEFOPNJOBFWBQPSBDJØOPFCVMMJDJØO4FHÞOFMNP- GVFQPTJCMFFYUSBFSFMDPNQPOFOUFEFNFOPSQVOUPEFFCVMMJ-
EFMPEFQBSUÓDVMBT DVBOEPTFBVNFOUBMBUFNQFSBUVSBEFVOBTVT- DJØO1PESÓBPCUFOFSTFMBTFQBSBDJØOEFMTVMGBUPDÞQSJDPQPS
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NPMÏDVMBTZMBTJOUFSBDDJPOFTFOUSFFMMBT&MBVNFOUPEFMBFOFSHÓB b) 4FFTQFSBRVFMPTBMVNOPTDPNQSFOEBOMBJNQPSUBODJBEFM
DJOÏUJDB QSPEVDF VO NPWJNJFOUP NPMFDVMBS NBZPS RVF QSPWPDB BSNBEP BEFDVBEP EF VO FRVJQP QBSB TV GVODJPOBNJFOUP
RVFFTUBTNPMÏDVMBTFTDBQFOEFMMÓRVJEPFOGPSNBEFWBQPS DPSSFDUP
c) &OMPTNBSDBEPSFTJOEFMFCMFTMBUJOUBTFFODVFOUSBEJMVJEB
Página 31 FOHFOFSBMFOTPMWFOUFTDPNPUPMVFOPPYJMFOP QPSMPRVF
MBDSPNBUPHSBGÓBSFTVMUBSÈNFKPSVUJMJ[BOEPÏUFSDPNPFTUBT
4. -B JEFB FT RVF TF EJTDVUBO FO DMBTF MPT FKFNQMPT DPOTFHVJEPT UJOUBTQVFEFOOPTFSUBOTPMVCMFTFOBHVB OPTFMPHSBSÈVO
Z  TJ GVFSB QPTJCMF  TF MMFWFO B MB QSÈDUJDB EF MBCPSBUPSJP QBSB CVFONPWJNJFOUPVUJMJ[BOEPBHVBDPNPGBTFNØWJM&OMPT
PCTFSWBSMPTTJTUFNBTDPOFMNJDSPTDPQJP NBSDBEPSFTBMBHVB FODBNCJP TFEFCFSÓBOMPHSBSNFKPSFT
1PTJCMFTFKFNQMPTTFSÓBO SFTVMUBEPTVTBOEPBHVB
a) Solución líquida:BMDPIPMNFEJDJOBM CFCJEBTBMDPIØMJDBTSo-
lución sólida:EJWFSTBTBMFBDJPOFTDPNPFMBDFSP FMCSPODF  Página 40
FUDSolución gaseosa:BJSF DVBMRVJFSNF[DMBEFHBTFT
b) &OKPZFSÓBTFVUJMJ[BOEJWFSTBTBMFBDJPOFTEFPSPQBSBMPHSBS 13. -BTPMVCJMJEBEFTMBDBQBDJEBERVFUJFOFOMBTTVTUBODJBTQBSBEJ-
EJGFSFOUFTUPOBMJEBEFT0SPBNBSJMMPPSP  QMBUB  TPMWFSTFFOPUSBTPEJTPMWFSBPUSBTTVTUBODJBT BVOBEFUFSNJOB-
 DPCSF0SPSPKPPSP DPCSF EBUFNQFSBUVSB-BTPMVDJØOFTVOTJTUFNBNBUFSJBMIPNPHÏOFP
0SPCMBODPPSP QBMBEJP QMBUB0SPB[VMPSP  GPSNBEPQPSNÈTEFVODPNQPOFOUF
IJFSSP
c) 5ÏZCFCJEBTHBTFPTBT 14. &MiTÓOESPNFEFEFTDPNQSFTJØOw RVFMFQSPEVKPMPTTÓOUPNBTBM
CV[P GVFHFOFSBEPQPSMBEJTNJOVDJØOCSVTDBEFMBQSFTJØOEF-
Página 33 CJEPBMBTDFOTPSÈQJEPEFTEFMBQSPGVOEJEBEEFMNBS&OFMBJSF
MBQSFTJØOFTNÈTCBKBRVFBOJWFMEFMNBS.JFOUSBTFMBWJØO
5. a) ¡b) ¡c) ¡ BTDJFOEF MBQSFTJØOCBKBZMPTHBTFTTFFYQBOEFO ZDVBOEPEFT-
DJFOEF MBQSFTJØOTVCFZMPTHBTFTTFDPOUSBFO"MWPMBSBNFOPS
Página 34 BMUJUVE TFNBOUJFOFBMQBDJFOUFBVOBQSFTJØONBZPSQBSBFWJUBS
RVFMPTTÓOUPNBTTFBDSFDJFOUFO
6. Forma de expresar la
Tipos de solución Página 41
© Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

concentración
4PMVDJPOFTEFMÓRVJEPTFOMÓRVJEPTZ
% v/v 15. -PTJOZFDUBCMFTZDPMJSJPTEFCFOTFSFTUÏSJMFTQPSRVFFOFMPKPOP
de gases.
4PMVDJPOFTEFTØMJEPTFOTØMJEPT 
FYJTUFVOBCBSSFSBFYUFSOBUBOFGFDUJWBDPNPMBQJFMPMBNVDPTB
% m/m EFTØMJEPTFOMÓRVJEPT TPMVDJPOFT HÈTUSJDB ZMPTHÏSNFOFTQBUØHFOPTUFOESÓBOVOBWÓBEFFOUSBEB
gaseosas. más fácil al organismo.
4PMVDJPOFTEFTØMJEPTFOMÓRVJEPT EF
% m/v 16. -PTKBSBCFTTFJOHJFSFO MPTJOZFDUBCMFTTFBENJOJTUSBOQPSWÓB
MÓRVJEPTFOMÓRVJEPT HBTFPTBT
QBSFOUFSBMZMBTMPDJPOFTTFBQMJDBOTPCSFMBQJFM

Página 35 17. 4FFTQFSBRVFMPTBMVNOPTQVFEBOBQMJDBSMBTFYQMJDBDJPOFTEB-


EBTBFKFNQMPTDPODSFUPT
7. -BDPODFOUSBDJØOFT NN
10
18. i$TQywTJHOJGJDBiDBOUJEBETVGJDJFOUFQBSByw&TUPRVJFSFEFDJS IJFSSPEFMBBSFOB&OUFSDFSMVHBS MPTMÓRVJEPTTFTFQBSBO
RVFBMPTSFTUBOUFTJOHSFEJFOUFTTFMFTEFCFBHSFHBSVOBDBOUJEBE QPSEFDBOUBDJØOTBMFFMBHVBTBMBEBQPSVOMBEPZRVFEBFO
EFTPMWFOUFTVGJDJFOUFDPNPQBSBMMFHBSBMWPMVNFOGJOBMEFTFBEP MBBNQPMMBEFEFDBOUBDJØOFMBDFJUF1PSÞMUJNP FMBHVBZMB
TBMTFTFQBSBOQPSFWBQPSBDJØOPEFTUJMBDJØOTJNQMF
Página 42
26. -B BGJSNBDJØO FT DPSSFDUB &O SFBMJEBE  QBSB EPT MÓRVJEPT EF
19. a) Verdadera. QVOUPEFFCVMMJDJØOBMFKBEP MBEFTUJMBDJØOTJNQMFFTFMNÏUPEP
b) 'BMTB 6O TJTUFNB NBUFSJBM IPNPHÏOFP TF DBSBDUFSJ[B QPS EFFMFDDJØOQPSTFSFMNÈTTJNQMFQFSPFOFMDBTPEFEPTMÓRVJ-
poseer solo una fase. EPTEFQVOUPEFFCVMMJDJØODFSDBOP MBEFTUJMBDJØOGSBDDJPOBEB
c) Verdadera. BTFHVSBVOBTFQBSBDJØODPSSFDUB
d) 'BMTB/PUPEPTMPTDPNQPOFOUFTEFVOBNF[DMBQVFEFOEJ-
GFSFODJBSTFBTJNQMFWJTUBMPTEFMBTNF[DMBTIFUFSPHÏOFBT Página 43
HSPTFSBT TÓ
e) Verdadera. 27. A:&TVOBTPMVDJØO QPSRVFMBTQBSUÓDVMBTEFMTPMVUPZEFMTPMWFO-
f) Verdadera. UFJOUFSBDUÞBOFOUSFTÓZTFEJTVFMWFO-BTQBSUÓDVMBTEFMTPMWFOUF
g) Verdadera. SPEFBOBMBTEFMTPMVUPFOVOQSPDFTPMMBNBEPTPMWBUBDJØO
B: &TVOBNF[DMBIFUFSPHÏOFB QPSRVFTFFWJEFODJBOEPTGBTFT
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DP JTØUPQPTZ5IPNTPO NBMFBCMFT CVFOPTDPOEVDUPSFTEFMDBMPSZMBFMFDUSJDJEBE
Propiedades de los no metales: OP QPTFFO CSJMMP NFUÈMJDP  TPO
18. &TUBQSFHVOUBBQVOUBBFWBMVBSBDFSDBEFMBFWPMVDJØOEFMNP- RVFCSBEJ[PT TPONBMPTDPOEVDUPSFTEFMDBMPSZMBFMFDUSJDJEBE
EFMP BUØNJDP 4F FTQFSB RVF MPT BMVNOPT QVFEBO FYQMJDBS FM
NPEFMP EF 5IPNTPO Z FM NPEFMP BUØNJDP BDUVBM 6OB EF MBT 26. a) -PTJTØUPQPTRVFUJFOFOJHVBMOÞNFSPBUØNJDPQPTFFOJHVBM
EJGFSFODJBTGVOEBNFOUBMFTFOUSFBNCPTNPEFMPTFTRVFFOFM DBOUJEBEEFQSPUPOFT FOUPODFTDPSSFTQPOEFOBMNJTNPFMF-
NPEFMPBDUVBMMPTFMFDUSPOFTHJSBOBMSFEFEPSEFMOÞDMFP NJFO- NFOUPRVÓNJDP
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35
5IPNTPOFMÈUPNPFTVOBTPMBNBTBFTGÏSJDB 17
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19. a) 4VTÓNCPMPFT(F d) &YJTUFOFMFNFOUPTRVFFNJUFOVOUJQPFTQFDJBMEFSBEJBDJØO 
b) /ÞNFSPBUØNJDP; DPNPFMQPMPOJPZFMSBEJP EFTDVCJFSUPTQPS.BSJF$VSJF&TUPT
c) &TVONFUBMPJEF TPOMPTMMBNBEPTFMFNFOUPTSBEJBDUJWPT5PEPFMFNFOUPSBEJBD-
d) &MHFSNBOJPUJFOFQSPQJFEBEFTJOUFSNFEJBTFOUSFMBTEFMTJ- UJWPFTJOFTUBCMFZUJFOEFBEFTJOUFHSBSTFFNJUJFOEPSBEJBDJØO 
MJDJPZMBTEFMFTUB×P QSPDFTPRVFMMFWBBQFOBTVOPTEÓBTPNVDIPTB×PT ZRVFUSBOT-
&T EF DPMPS HSJT QMBUB  RVFCSBEJ[P  TV QVOUP EF GVTJØO FT GPSNBVOFMFNFOUPFOPUSP"NFEJEBRVFMPTOÞDMFPTEFMPT
 $ZTVQVOUPEFFCVMMJDJØO $ FMFNFOUPT SBEJBDUJWPT TF EFTJOUFHSBO  FNJUFO SBEJBDJØO Z TF
USBOTGPSNBOFOOÞDMFPTFTUBCMFT OPSBEJBDUJWPT-PTJTØUPQPT
20. Elemento Z A Protones Electrones Neutrones SBEJBDUJWPTUJFOFOBQMJDBDJPOFTFONFEJDJOB CJPMPHÓB FUDÏUFSB
Sodio 11  11 11 12
© Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

Carbono  12    27. 3FTQVFTUBBCJFSUB4FFTQFSBRVFMPTBMVNOPTMMFWFOBDBCPVOB


Calcio 20  20 20 20 JOWFTUJHBDJØOBDFSDBEFFTUPTDVBUSPFMFNFOUPTRVÓNJDPT
Bromo      Plomo:FTVONFUBMEFDPMPSHSJTNBUF&TGMFYJCMF TFGVOEFDPO
Fósforo      GBDJMJEBE B $&TSFMBUJWBNFOUFSFTJTUFOUFBMBUBRVFEFMPT
Nitrógeno      ÈDJEPTTVMGÞSJDPZDMPSIÓESJDP4FEJTVFMWFDPOMFOUJUVEFOÈDJEP
OÓUSJDP &M QMPNP GPSNB BMFBDJPOFT DPO NVDIPT NFUBMFT Z  FO
21. a) *OGPSNBBDFSDBEFMTÓNCPMPEFMFMFNFOUP FMOÞNFSPBUØNJDP HFOFSBM TFFNQMFBFOFTUBGPSNBFOMBNBZPSQBSUFEFTVTBQMJ-
ZFMOÞNFSPNÈTJDP DBDJPOFT5PEBTMBTBMFBDJPOFTGPSNBEBTDPOFTUB×P DPCSF BS-
b) 5JFOFOFODPNÞOFMOÞNFSPBUØNJDP FTEFDJS JHVBMDBOUJ- TÏOJDP BOUJNPOJP CJTNVUP DBENJPZTPEJPUJFOFOJNQPSUBODJB
EBEEFQSPUPOFTFOTVOÞDMFP QPSMPRVFQFSUFOFDFOBMNJT- JOEVTUSJBM-PTDPNQVFTUPTEFMQMPNPTPOUØYJDPTTJOFNCBSHP 
NPFMFNFOUP%JGJFSFOFOFMOÞNFSPNÈTJDP QPSRVFUJFOFO FOMBBDUVBMJEBE FMFOWFOFOBNJFOUPQPSQMPNPFTSBSP ZBRVF
EJTUJOUPOÞNFSPEFOFVUSPOFT TVVUJMJ[BDJØOFOMBJOEVTUSJBSFRVJFSFDPOUSPMFTFTUSJDUPT
14
Oro: TFFODVFOUSBEJTUSJCVJEPQPSUPEPFMNVOEP QFSPFTNVZFT- $VBOEPTFGSPUBMBSFHMBDPOUSBFMQB×P FTUFÞMUJNPBSSBODB
DBTP&TVONFUBMCMBOEPZEFDPMPSBNBSJMMPJOUFOTPFOFMDPNFS- QBSUFEFMBTDBSHBTOFHBUJWBTRVFFTUBCBOFOFMMB&ODPO-
DJPFTFMNÈTDPNÞOEFMPTNFUBMFTQSFDJPTPT&MDPCSF MBQMBUB TFDVFODJB  FM QB×P RVFEB DBSHBEP OFHBUJWBNFOUF  ZB RVF
ZFMPSPFTUÈOFOFMNJTNPHSVQPFOMBUBCMBQFSJØEJDB$FSDBEF BHSFHØ OVFWBT DBSHBT OFHBUJWBT B MBT RVF ZB UFOÓB  Z FTUBT
USFTDVBSUBTQBSUFTEFMBQSPEVDDJØONVOEJBMEFMPSPTFFNQMFBO RVFEBO TJO iDPNQFOTBSw -B SFHMB QMÈTUJDB  BM QFSEFS FTBT
FOKPZFSÓB ZFOUSFFMZFM FOBQMJDBDJPOFTJOEVTUSJBMFT DBSHBT RVFEBDPODBSHBTQPTJUJWBTTJOFRVJMJCSBS PTFBRVF-
Fósforo: FMFNFOUPOPNFUBM$FSDBEFUSFTDVBSUBTQBSUFTEFMGØT- EBDBSHBEBQPTJUJWBNFOUF&TBFMFDUSJGJDBDJØOFTMBRVFPSJHJ-
GPSPUPUBM FOUPEBTTVTGPSNBTRVÓNJDBT
TFFNQMFBOFOMBGB- OBMBGVFS[BRVFBUSBFMPTDBCFMMPT
CSJDBDJØOEFGFSUJMJ[BOUFT0USBTBQMJDBDJPOFTJNQPSUBOUFTTPOMB b) -BJOUFODJØOEFFTUBBDUJWJEBEFT TJNQMFNFOUF RVFFMBMVN-
GBCSJDBDJØOEFEFUFSHFOUFT BMJNFOUPT NFUBMVSHJB JOTFDUJDJEBT OPQMBTNFFOVOEJCVKPMBJOGPSNBDJØORVFBQBSFDFFOFM
ZBEJUJWPTEFQSPEVDUPTQFUSPMFSPT QVOUPBOUFSJPS
Yodo:FMFNFOUPOPNFUÈMJDP&ODPOEJDJPOFTOPSNBMFT FMZPEP
FTVOTØMJEPOFHSP MVTUSPTPZWPMÈUJM4VTQSPQJFEBEFTCBDUFSJDJ-
EBTMPIBDFOBQSPQJBEPFOFMUSBUBNJFOUPEFIFSJEBTPMBFTUFSJ-
MJ[BDJØOEFJOTUSVNFOUPT-PTQSJODJQBMFTVTPTTFFODVFOUSBOFO Regla
MBJOEVTUSJBEFMBTUJOUVSBT

5 Los materiales y la electricidad 1B×P

Página 78 c) 4FHVSBNFOUFSFTQPOEFSÈORVFTÓ QPSRVFNVDIPTBMVNOPT


BMHVOBWF[KVHBSPODPOSFHMBTQMÈTUJDBTQSFWJBNFOUFGSPUB-
1. a) &OMBFYQFSJFODJBEF.JMMFS6SFZ MBTTVTUBODJBTPSHÈOJDBTTF EBTDPOVOQB×PPDPOTVTDBCFMMPT4JFTBTÓ DPOPDFORVF
PCUVWJFSPO TJNVMBOEP MBT DPOEJDJPOFT RVF TVQVFTUBNFOUF MBTGVFS[BTEFBUSBDDJØOUBNCJÏOQVFEFONBOJGFTUBSTFDPO
IBCÓBFOOVFTUSPQMBOFUBIBDFNJMFTEFNJMMPOFTEFB×PT B PUSBTDPTBT DPNPQFEBDJUPTEFDPSDIP QMVNBT ZFSCBNBUF 
QBSUJS EF HBTFT JOPSHÈOJDPT BNPOÓBDP  IJESØHFOP NFUBOP IJMPT TFNJMMJUBTZPUSPTPCKFUPTQFRVF×PT
ZWBQPSEFBHVB
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0QBSJOQPSRVFFMNBUFSJBMPSHÈOJDPDPOTFHVJEPTFSÓBiFMNB- Página 82
UFSJBMCÈTJDPRVFEFTQVÏTIBCSÓBEFTFSWJSQBSBMBGPSNBDJØO
EFUPEPTMPTTFSFTWJWPTw 4. a) 4FFTQFSBRVFMPTBMVNOPTUFOHBODMBSPRVF TJTFUSBUBCBEFNB-
b) %VSBOUFFMEFTBSSPMMPEFMBFYQFSJFODJBEF.JMMFS6SFZTFJO- UFSJBMFTDPOEVDUPSFTFMÏDUSJDPT MPTBSQPOFTEFCÓBOTFSEFNFUBM
UFOUØSFQSPEVDJSMBBDDJØOEFMPTSBZPTBUSBWÏTEFEFTDBSHBT &TUPUBNCJÏOMFTDPOGFSÓBSFTJTUFODJB
FMÏDUSJDBTFOFMJOUFSJPSEFMUVCPDPOMPTHBTFT b) &TDJFSUPRVFMBQMBUBZFMPSPTPOFYDFMFOUFTDPOEVDUPSFT QFSP
c) &OFTUFQVOUPFTNVZQSPCBCMFRVFMBNBZPSÓBEFMPTBMVN- OPTFVTBOFOMPTDBCMFTDPNVOFTEFCJEPBTVBMUPQSFDJP4F
OPTSFTQPOEBRVFVOSBZPTVFMFHFOFSBSVOBEFTDBSHBNVZ QSFGJFSFFMDPCSFQPSRVF BVORVFOPFTCBSBUP FTEFVOQSFDJP
GVFSUF DBQB[EFEFTUSVJSJOTUBMBDJPOFTZDBVTBSIFSJEBTNPS- NVZJOGFSJPSBMEFMBQMBUBZFMPSP ZBEFNÈTFTVONVZCVFO
UBMFTBMPTTFSFTWJWPT-BNBZPSÓBJOEJDBSÈRVFTFUSBUBEF DPOEVDUPS&OBMHVOPTDBCMFTUBNCJÏOTFVTBFMBMVNJOJP
VOBEFTDBSHBRVFTFQSPEVDFFOUSFMBTOVCFTZFMTVFMP-B
JEFBFTQSPNPWFSVOJOUFSDBNCJPTPCSFFMPSJHFOZMPTBD- Página 83
DJEFOUFT PDVSSJEPT QPS MPT SBZPT  QBSB RVF FM UFNB RVFEF
MBUFOUFIBTUBSFUPNBSMPDVBOEPBDDFEBOBMBTFDDJØOi-FP  5. 4JFOFMFYQFSJNFOUPEFMBGSBOFMBZMBWBSJMMBEFMBQÈHJOB
MVFHPFOUJFOEPwEFFTUFDBQÓUVMP TFJOUFSQPOFVOIJMPEFBMHPEØO MBGSBOFMBZMBWBSJMMBTFHVJSÈO
d) "EFNÈTEFMPTSBZPT FTQPTJCMFRVFDPOP[DBOMPTSFMÈNQB- DBSHBEPT QPSRVFMPTFMFDUSPOFTOPQVFEFOWJBKBSQPSFMIJMP
HPTZMBTEJWFSTBTTJUVBDJPOFTFOMBTRVFQBSUJDJQBMBFMFDUSJ-
DJEBEFTUÈUJDB RVFTFEFTDSJCFOFOFTUFDBQÓUVMP Página 87

Página 80 6. a) -BJEFBFTRVFMPTBMVNOPTMMFWFOBDBCPMPTFYQFSJNFOUPT
QSFTFOUBEPTFOFTUBQÈHJOB4FFTQFSBRVFMPTSFTVMUBEPTOP
2. a) -VFHPEFMBMFDUVSB FTQPTJCMFRVFMPTBMVNOPTSFTQPOEBO EJGJFSBOEFMPTRVFTFEFTDSJCFOBRVÓ
RVF BQBSUJSEFMPTOVNFSPTPTBWBODFTFOFTUFDBNQP IPZ b) -BTGPSNBTEFDPNVOJDBSMPTSFTVMUBEPTPCUFOJEPTFMFHJEPT
MBDJFODJBUJFOFVOBJEFBCBTUBOUFQSFDJTBEFDVÈMFTMBOBUV- QPSMPTHSVQPTTPOVOJOGPSNFFTDSJUP VOEJCVKPEFUBMMBEPZ
SBMF[BEFMBFMFDUSJDJEBE ZBRVFTFQJFOTBRVFFTUÈBTPDJBEB VOFTRVFNBDPOFYQMJDBDJPOFT)BZPUSBTNBOFSBTQPTJCMFT 
© Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

DPO MB BMUFSBDJØO FO FM FRVJMJCSJP EF DBSHBT Z FM EFTQMB[B- BMHVOBTEFMBTDVBMFTTFNFODJPOBOFOFMUFYUPJOJDJBM DPNP
NJFOUPEFMPTFMFDUSPOFT BGJDIFT HSÈGJDPT MÈNJOBT UBCMBT GPSPTZDIBUTQPS*OUFSOFU
b) 4JFMDVFSQPJOJDJBMNFOUFTFFODPOUSBCBFOVOFTUBEPOFVUSPZ c) 4J FM FMFDUSPTDPQJP TF FODVFOUSB DBSHBEP DPO DBSHBT EF VO
RVFEØDBSHBEPQPTJUJWBNFOUFEFTQVÏTEFGSPUBSMP FTQPSRVF EFUFSNJOBEPTJHOPZBDFSDBNPTVOPCKFUPDBSHBEPDPODBS-
QFSEJØFMFDUSPOFT/PFTDPSSFDUPBGJSNBSRVFUSBTFMGSPUBNJFO- HBTEFTJHOPDPOUSBSJP MBTIPKVFMBTTFDJFSSBO&TUPPDVSSF
UPFMDVFSQPBERVJSJØQSPUPOFT QPSRVFMPTQSPUPOFTOPQVFEFO QPSRVFMBTDBSHBTEFMBTIPKVFMBTTFEJSJHFOIBDJBFMPCKFUP
NPWFSTFQPSFMJOUFSJPSEFVODVFSQPOJQBTBSBPUSPDVFSQP EFDBSHBPQVFTUBZBCBOEPOBOMBTIPKVFMBTRVFTFDJFSSBO

Página 81 Página 89

3. a) 0SJHJOBMNFOUF  MBT DBSHBT QPTJUJWBT Z OFHBUJWBT EF MB SFHMB 7. a)Zb)-BTEPTSFTQVFTUBTTPOBCJFSUBT-BJOUFODJØOEFMQVOUP


FTUÈO FRVJMJCSBEBT  Z MP NJTNP TVDFEF DPO MBT EFM QB×P a) FT DPNQBSBS MBT TJUVBDJPOFT RVF QVFEFO IBCFS JOWFTUJHBEP
15
MPTBMVNOPTDPOMBTDBSBDUFSÓTUJDBTRVFTFEBOFOFTUBTQÈHJOBT -BVIII) QPSRVFTFUSBUBEFVOBJOUFSBDDJØO FTEFDJS EFQB-
1PSTVQBSUF MBQFRVF×BJOWFTUJHBDJØOEFMQVOUPb)TPCSFTJMBT SFT EF GVFS[BT 'BMUB SFQSFTFOUBS MB GVFS[B FKFSDJEB QPS FM
DPOTUSVDDJPOFT NÈT FMFWBEBT DVFOUBO DPO MPT QBSBSSBZPT BEF- QSPUØOTPCSFFMFMFDUSØO
DVBEPTPOP QVFEFHFOFSBSFOUVTJBTNPFOUSFBMHVOPTBMVNOPT
ZFTUJNVMBSTVDPODJFODJBDJVEBEBOB Página 91

Página 90 13. a) "MBDFSDBSMFFMQFJOF FMDIPSSPEFBHVBTFEFTWÓBEFTVDBNJ-


OPWFSUJDBM
8. a) 'BMTB&MRVFEFTDVCSJØRVFIBCÓBEPTUJQPTEFFMFDUSJDJEBE b) "QBSUJSEFMPRVFTFPCTFSWB TFJOGJFSFRVF FM QFJOF FTUÈ
GVFFMGSBODÏT$IBSMFTEV'BZ DBSHBEPFMÏDUSJDBNFOUF&TPFTMPRVFQSPWPDBMBEFTWJBDJØO
b) 'BMTB&OMPTGFOØNFOPTFMÏDUSJDPTTPMPQBSUJDJQBOFMFDUSPOFT EFMDIPSSP
QPSRVF BEJGFSFODJBEFMPTQSPUPOFT QVFEFONPWFSTFQPSFM c) 4JMBQFSTPOBRVFTPTUJFOFFMQFJOFFTUVWJFSBEFTDBM[BZFMQFJ-
JOUFSJPSEFVODVFSQP OFGVFSBNFUÈMJDP OPTFQPESÓBQSPEVDJSFMGFOØNFOP QPSRVF
c) Verdadera. MBTDBSHBTWJBKBSÓBOQPSFMNFUBMDPOEVDUPS MVFHPQPSMBQFS-
d) Verdadera. TPOBZQPSÞMUJNPIBDJBUJFSSB
e) Verdadera.
f) 'BMTB&MHSBGJUPFTVODPOEVDUPSFMÏDUSJDPOPNFUÈMJDP 14. $BEBDBCMFFTUÈTVKFUPBMBUPSSFNFUÈMJDBQPSTJFUFEJTDPTRVF 
g) Verdadera. BEFNÈTEFTPTUFOFSBMDBCMF DVNQMFOVOBGVODJØOBJTMBOUF1PS
h) 'BMTB&MBJSFQJFSEFTVDBQBDJEBEEFBJTMBNJFOUPDVBOEPMB MP UBOUP  FTUÈO IFDIPT EF VO EJFMÏDUSJDP  QSPCBCMFNFOUF VOP
FMFDUSJDJEBE FT NVZ JOUFOTB  Z TF WVFMWF DPOEVDUPS  DPNP NVZCVFOP QPSFKFNQMP VONBUFSJBMDFSÈNJDP
PDVSSFEVSBOUFVOSBZP
i) Verdadera. 15. a) "MGSPUBSMBSFHMBEFQMÈTUJDPDPOVOQB×P FTUBTFDBSHB&O-
j) 'BMTB&ODVFSQPTDVSWPTJSSFHVMBSFT IBZNÈTDPODFOUSBDJØO UPODFT BMBDFSDBSMBBMBWBSJMMB TFSFEJTUSJCVZFOMBTDBSHBTFO
EFDBSHBTFOMBT[POBTEFNBZPSDVSWBUVSB FTUBÞMUJNBEFCJEPBMGFOØNFOPEFJOEVDDJØOFMFDUSPTUÈUJDB
k) Verdadera. b) -BTIPKVFMBTTFTFQBSBOQPSRVF DPNPTFFYQMJDBFOMBQÈHJ-
OB BERVJFSFOFMNJTNPTJHOPRVFMBDBSHBEFMBSFHMB
9. a) /PTFQVFEFBTFHVSBSRVFTFUSBUBEFEPTDBSHBTOFHBUJWBT 
QPSRVFUBNCJÏOQPESÓBOTFSEPTQPTJUJWBT 16. 3FTQVFTUBBCJFSUB4FFTQFSBRVFMPTBMVNOPTSFBMJDFOVOUSBCBKP
b) %FCJEPBMBSFMBDJØOFYQSFTBEBQPS$PVMPNC TFHÞOMBDVBM EFJOWFTUJHBDJØOBDFSDBEFMBFMFDUSJDJEBEFOMPTBOJNBMFTTJHVJFO-
MB GVFS[B FT JOWFSTBNFOUF QSPQPSDJPOBM BM DVBESBEP EF MB EPMBTGBTFTEFVOBJOWFTUJHBDJØOEFTDSJQUBFOFMDBQÓUVMP
EJTUBODJB OPTRVFEBOFTUPTWBMPSFT
Distancia d entre cargas Fuerza F entre cargas 6 La corriente eléctrica
-BEJTUBODJBdTFJODSFNFOUBBMUSJQMF -BGVFS[BFEJTNJOVZFWFDFT
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Página 92
-BEJTUBODJBdTFSFEVDFBMBNJUBE -BGVFS[BFBVNFOUBWFDFT
-BEJTUBODJBdEJTNJOVZFBMB 1. a) 4F FTQFSB RVF MPT BMVNOPT SFMBDJPOFO VOB DPSSJFOUF FMÏD-
-BGVFS[BFTFJODSFNFOUBWFDFT
DVBSUBQBSUF
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-BEJTUBODJBdTFSFEVDFWFDFT -BGVFS[BFBVNFOUBWFDFT FMDBQÓUVMPEFEJDBEPBMBFMFDUSPTUÈUJDB ZSFDPSEBSÈORVF
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10. $PNPIBZDBSHBTFOMBQBOUBMMBEFMUFMFWJTPS FTUBTWBOBWJBKBS DBSHBT EF VO DVFSQP B PUSP  TF EJDF RVF TF FTUBCMFDF VOB
IBDJBMBTIPKVFMBTEFMFMFDUSPTDPQJP RVFFODPOTFDVFODJBWBOB DPSSJFOUFFMÏDUSJDBw
separarse. b) &O FM NJTNP DBQÓUVMP TF QSFTFOUBSPO BMHVOPT EJTQPTJUJWPT
DBQBDFTEFBDVNVMBSFOFSHÓBFMFDUSPTUÈUJDB4JOPMPTUVWJF-
11. a) "QBSUJSEFMPRVFFTUVEJØFOFMDBQÓUVMP FMBMVNOPDPOPDF SBOQSFTFOUFT PTJOPTFIVCJFSBMFÓEPFMDBQÓUVMP EFUPEPT
RVF FM WJESJP UJFOEF B QFSEFS DBSHBT OFHBUJWBT 1PS FTP  BM NPEPTFTNVZQPTJCMFRVFMPTBMVNOPTDPOP[DBOGPSNBTEF
GSPUBSMBDPOMBGSBOFMB DBEBWBSJMMBEFWJESJPRVFEBDPOFYDF- DBSHBS DPO FMFDUSJDJEBE FTUÈUJDB BMHVOPT PCKFUPT QPS GSPUB-
TPEFDBSHBTQPTJUJWBT PTFB DBEBVOBRVFEBDBSHBEBQPTJUJ- NJFOUP DPNPSFHMBT HMPCPTPWBSJMMBT
WBNFOUF
&OUPODFT DPNPBNCBTUJFOFOMBNJTNBDBSHB TJ c) &OUSFMBTTJUVBDJPOFTFOMBTRVFMBBQMJDBDJØOEFFMFDUSJDJEBE
TFBDFSDBVOBWBSJMMBBMBPUSB FTUBTTFSFQFMFO QVFEFDPOTFHVJSRVFMPTNÞTDVMPTTFDPOUSBJHBO QSPCBCMF-
b) :BWJNPTRVF EFTQVÏTEFMGSPUBNJFOUP MBWBSJMMBRVFEBDBS- NFOUFMPTBMVNOPTNFODJPOFOMBFMFDUSPDVDJØO iRVFEBSTF
HBEBQPTJUJWBNFOUF ZRVFMBGSBOFMBRVFEBDPODBSHBTOFHBUJ- QFHBEPw
RVFTFEFTDSJCJSÈFOFMUFYUPEFFTUFDBQÓUVMP5BN-
© Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

WBT"MQPOFSTFBNCBTFODPOUBDUP TFSFTUBCMFDFFMFRVJMJCSJP CJÏO FT QPTJCMF RVF BMHVOP DPOP[DB BMHVOPT USBUBNJFOUPT
EFDBSHBTZMBTEPTRVFEBOFOFTUBEPiFMÏDUSJDBNFOUFOFVUSPw EF SFIBCJMJUBDJØO NPUPSB FO MPT RVF TF BQMJDBO QFRVF×BT
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QPTJUJWPT EFQJMBTZCBUFSÓBT EFMBTGPSNBTNÈTWBSJBEBT RVFTVFMFO
b) -BTTJUVBDJPOFTRVFTPOJODPSSFDUBTTPOMBTTJHVJFOUFT FNQMFBSTFFOSFMPKFT DPNQVUBEPSBT DÈNBSBTGPUPHSÈGJDBTZ
-BI) QPSRVFDBSHBTEFEJGFSFOUFTJHOPTFBUSBFO PUSPTBSUFGBDUPTFMÏDUSJDPTEFVTPBDUVBM
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-BV)ZMBVII) QPSRVFDBSHBTEFJHVBMTJHOPTFSFDIB[BO TViQPUFODJBwPEFBMHPTFNFKBOUF&MUFYUPEFMDBQÓUVMPMFT
QFSNJUJSÈSFGPSNVMBSFTUBQSJNFSBJNQSFTJØO

16
Página 94 MBUFOTJØOTFSFQBSUFFOUSFBNCBT
&OFMDJSDVJUP3 es igual,
QPSRVFMBUFOTJØOFODBEBVOBFTMBNJTNBRVFMBUPUBM
2. &O FM DVBESP  QBSB EFOPNJOBS B MBT EJWFSTBT GPSNBT EF FOFS- d) 4JTFEFTFOSPTDBVOBEFMBTMÈNQBSBTFOFMDJSDVJUP2 MBPUSB
HÓB IFNPTFMFHJEPMBTFYQSFTJPOFTNÈTTFODJMMBTEFTEFMVFHP TFBQBHB QPSRVFFMDJSDVJUPTFJOUFSSVNQF
&OFMDJSDVJUP3
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MVNÓOJDB FUDÏUFSB TPOJOEFQFOEJFOUFT
e) "MDPNQBSBSFMNPEFMPIJESÈVMJDP1DPOFMDJSDVJUPFMÏDUSJDP
Formas de energía
1 TFWFRVFMBBMUVSBIDPSSFTQPOEFBMBUFOTJØO7EFMBQJMB
&TUVGBFMÏDUSJDB $BMPSZMV[
f) "MNPEFMPIJESÈVMJDPEFMQVOUP4TFMPQVFEFIBDFSDPSSFTQPO-
5VCPGMVPSFTDFOUF -V[ZDBMPS
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5FMFWJTPS 4POJEP MV[ZDBMPS
5JNCSF 4POJEPZDBMPS Página 105
7FOUJMBEPS .PWJNJFOUPZDBMPS
Radio 4POJEPZDBMPS 9. -BJEFBEFFTUBBDUJWJEBEFTRVF SFVOJEPTFOHSVQPT MPTBMVN-
OPT OP TPMP FTHSJNBO MB QSFTVODJØO EF FGFDUPT DBODFSÓHFOPT
Página 95 QSPWPDBEPTQPSMBDJSDVMBDJØODFSDBOBEFDPSSJFOUFTJOUFOTBTZ
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3. -PTBQBSBUPTFMÏDUSJDPTFOMPTIPHBSFTFTUÈODPOFDUBEPTFOQB- QÈHJOB TJOPRVF BEFNÈT QJFOTFORVFBWFDFTFTQPTJCMFRVF
SBMFMP4JFTUVWJFSBODPOFDUBEPTFOTFSJF DBEBVOPSFDJCJSÓBVOB IBZBSFTJTUFODJBTPDJBMBMUFOEJEPEFDBCMFTQPSRVFFMMPHFOFSB
QBSUFEFMBUFOTJØOQSPWJTUBQPSFMUPNBDPSSJFOUF"EFNÈT TJTF BMUFSBDJPOFTJOEFTFBEBTFOFMQBJTBKFZRVF JODMVTP TFQSFTFO-
EFTDPOFDUBSBVOPEFMPTBSUFGBDUPT UPEPTMPTEFNÈTTFBQBHB- UBSPODBTPTFOMPTRVFTFQVTJFSPOFOKVFHPWBMPSFTDVMUVSBMFT
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"M FTUBS FO QBSBMFMP  DBEB VOP EF MPT BSUFGBDUPT TF FODVFOUSB FOMBXFCSFWFMBSÈ QPSFKFNQMP MBTJUVBDJØOWJWJEBQPSHSVQPT
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TFRVJUBVOPEFMPTBSUFGBDUPT MPTEFNÈTRVFEBSÈOFODFOEJEPT QPSFTUBTSB[POFT
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Página 106
Página 96
10. a) 'BMTB-BDBQBDJEBEEFMBTQJMBTQBSBNPWFSMPTFMFDUSPOFTTF
4. $PNP FM UBORVF EF BHVB TF FODVFOUSB FO FM ÞMUJNP QJTP EFM MMBNBUFOTJØOPiWPMUBKFw ZTFJOEJDBFOWPMUPWPMUJPT
FEJGJDJP MBBMUVSBEFDBÓEBEFMBHVBIBTUBFMTFHVOEPQJTPTFSÈ b) Verdadera.
NBZPS RVF MB RVF IBZ IBTUB FM RVJOUP &OUPODFT  UFOJFOEP FO c) 'BMTB-BJOUFOTJEBEEFVOBDPSSJFOUFTFJOEJDBFOBNQFSJPT
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5. 4JHVJFOEP FM SB[POBNJFOUP EF MB BOBMPHÓB IJESÈVMJDB  TJ VOB IBZRVFNBOUFOFSMPTBQSFUBEPTQBSBRVFMBDPSSJFOUFDJSDVMF
MBNQBSJUBTFDPOFDUBB7ZMVFHPB7 IBCSÈEJGFSFODJBFOFM e) Verdadera.
CSJMMPEFTVMV[EFCJEPBRVF FOFMTFHVOEPDBTP MBJOUFOTJEBE f) 'BMTB 1BSB BMJNFOUBS VO BSUFGBDUP RVF OPSNBMNFOUF GVO-
EFMBDPSSJFOUFRVFDJSDVMBTFSÈNFOPS DJPOBDPOQJMBTOPTPMPTFVUJMJ[BVOUSBOTGPSNBEPS QPSRVF
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Página 101 BHSFHBSVOEJTQPTJUJWPMMBNBEPSFDUJGJDBEPS"MDPOKVOUPDP-
NÞONFOUFTFMPEFOPNJOBiGVFOUFw
6. a) "M PCTFSWBS FM FTRVFNB RVFEB DMBSP RVF MB UFOTJØO EF MB
DPSSJFOUFDBNCJBFOUPEPTMPTQVOUPTFOMPTRVFBQBSFDFO 11. )BZ EFTEFMVFHP NVDIBTEJGFSFODJBTFTFODJBMFT&TQPTJCMFRVF
USBOTGPSNBEPSFT  EJTQPTJUJWPT RVF QFSNJUFO NPEJGJDBS MB MPTBMVNOPTNFODJPOFO BMNFOPT FTUBTUSFTRVFFOVOPDJSDVMB
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b) &MDMJFOUFJOEVTUSJBMSFDJCF7ZFMSFTJEFODJBM 7 OFDFTBSJPDPOGJHVSBSVODJSDVJUPDFSSBEP DPNPFOFMDBTPFMÏDUSJ-
DP  Z RVF FM NPEFMP IJESÈVMJDP NPTUSBEP iEVSBw QPDP UJFNQP 
7. -BTBDDJPOFTQVFEFOTFSNVZEJWFSTBT ZTVFKFDVDJØOEFQFOEFSÈ QPSRVFFMBHVBEFMSFDJQJFOUFTVQFSJPSTFBHPUBSÈQJEBNFOUF
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TFQVFEFOIBDFSBGJDIFTDPOJOGPSNBDJØOQBSBMPTDPNQB×FSPT 12. A B
EFMBFTDVFMB PSHBOJ[BSDIBSMBTQBSBMBDPNVOJEBE EJGVOEJSMBT
© Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

SFDPNFOEBDJPOFTQPSSBEJPTZPUSPTNFEJPTEFDPNVOJDBDJØO Z
UPNBSDPOUBDUPDPOTPDJFEBEFTEFGPNFOUPZ0/( FOUSFPUSBT
JOTUJUVDJPOFT

Página 102 C D

8. a) -PTDJSDVJUPTBSNBEPTFOMPTQVOUPT3Z4EFMBQBSUFATPO
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DJSDVJUP3FMCSJMMPEFMBTMÈNQBSBTFTNFOPS EFCJEPBRVF
17
a) AZCTPOFOQBSBMFMP ZFMB es en serie. El DFTVODJSDVJUPEF DVBOEPTFBDDJPOBFMJOUFSSVQUPS&OFMFTRVFNBD, solo las
DVBUSPSBNBTFOQBSBMFMP DBEBVOBDPOEPTSFDFQUPSFTFOTFSJF EFMBSBNBDPSSFTQPOEJFOUF
b) En AMBUFOTJØOUPUBMFTEF7FOBZFOC,EF 7,ZFOD
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TPMPSFDFQUPSFODBEBSBNB AZC

d) &OMPTDVBUSPDBTPT MBTGMFDIBTEFCFOJOEJDBSFMTFOUJEPEFMB Máquina 1 2 3 4
DPSSJFOUFRVFTBMFEFMUFSNJOBMOFHBUJWPEFMBQJMBZWBIBDJB Tensión (V)  110 110 220
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15. &MPCKFUPEFCFSÓBTFSEFVONBUFSJBMBJTMBOUF DPNPMBNBEFSB  b) -BT DSÓUJDBT NÈT GSFDVFOUFT EF MPT VTVBSJPT TPCSF FTUF UJQP
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c) -BSFTJTUFODJBFTû Página 113

Página 107 1. 4FFTQFSBRVF CBTÈOEPTFFOTVQSPCBCMFFYQFSJFODJBBOUFSJPS


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A. B. FOGSFOUBEPT

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© Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

IBZRVFUFOFSFODVFOUBFMUFYUPEFMBOPUB FOFMRVFTFTF×BMB
que los maglevQPTFFOJNBOFTFOMPTWBHPOFTZFMFDUSPJNBOFT
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4. "VORVFEFTDPOP[DBORVÏFTFTQFDÓGJDBNFOUFVODBNQPNBHOÏUJ-
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b) El esquema A puede considerarse un paralelo de dos circui- MPBTPDJFODPOMPTDBNQPTFMÏDUSJDPT&OUPODFTUBMWF[NFODJPOFO
UPTFOTFSJFDPOVOTPMPJOUFSSVQUPS que es algo que llena la región cercana a un imán, o algo parecido.
c) El esquema CQVFEFDPOTJEFSBSTFVOBTFSJFEFEPTDJSDVJUPT
en paralelo. 5. "VORVFMBSFTQVFTUBFTBCJFSUB FTQPTJCMFRVFBMHVOPTBMVNOPT
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18
PSHBOJ[BDJPOFTBNCJFOUBMFTBDFSDBEFMPTDBNQPTHFOFSBEPTQPS Página 118
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7. 3FTQVFTUBBCJFSUB&TQSPCBCMFRVFTFNFODJPOFONPUPSFT QPS- Página 120


UFSPT FMÏDUSJDPT  CSÞKVMBT  UJNCSFT Z BMHVOPT PUSPT EJTQPTJUJWPT
QSFTFOUBEPTFOFTUBTFDDJØO 6. 4FUSBUBEFVOBBDUJWJEBEBCJFSUBEFWFSJGJDBDJØOEFMPTDPOUF-
OJEPT FYQMJDBEPT FO FM UFYUP  RVF QPOESÈ BM BMVNOP FO TJUVB-
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7 Los imanes naturales y artificiales BUFODJØO

Página 114 Página 121

1. a) 1FESP FM 1FSFHSJOP FSB DPOTJEFSBEP VO HSBO JOWFTUJHBEPS 7. a) 'BMTB &M DBNQP NBHOÏUJDP OP FT MB SFHJØO  TJOP MP RVF MB
QPSRVFTFFTQFDJBMJ[BCBFOFMUSBCBKPDPONFUBMFTZSFBMJ[Ø llena.
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los imanes. que rodea a un imán.
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OJOHÞOPCKFUPEFIJFSSP-PRVFTVDFEFFTRVF BMGSPUBSFMQFJ- FTNÈTGVFSUF
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FTMBSB[ØOQPSMBRVFBUSBFFMDBCFMMP4FUSBUB FOUPODFT EFVO KVOUBTFOMBT[POBTEPOEFFMDBNQPFTNÈTJOUFOTP ZNÈTFT-
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Página 115 WJTVBMJ[BSFMDBNQP RVFFTJOWJTJCMF

2. 4FHVSBNFOUF MPT BMVNOPT DPOTJEFSBSÈO RVF ZB OP TF BDFQUBO Página 127
DPODFQDJPOFTEFMFTUJMPEFMPTiFTQÓSJUVTDPOHBSSBTwPMBEFMPT
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FTUJNFORVFDPOTFSWBTVWJHFODJBMBEFTDSJQDJØOEFMPTGFOØNF- TVNBNFOUFFTQFDJBMFT FSBQPTJCMFBJTMBSVOPEFMPTQPMPTNBH-
OPTPCTFSWBEPTEFTEFIBDFNVDIPUJFNQPEVSBOUFMBTBDUJWJEB- OÏUJDPT BMRVFTFMPJEFOUJGJDBDPNPNPOPQPMP6Omonopolo
© Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

EFTFYQFSJNFOUBMFT FT FOUPODFT VOJNÈOIJQPUÏUJDPRVFDVFOUBDPOVOTPMPQPMP

3. -BT PQJOJPOFT TPCSF MB NBHOFUPUFSBQJB  DPNP TF TPTQFDIBSÈ  11. 4FHVSBNFOUF MPT BMVNOPT FTUBSÈO EF BDVFSEP FO RVF FT NVZ
TPO NVZ EJWFSTBT &O MB QÈHJOB RVF TF QSPQPOF DPNP MFDUVSB JNQPSUBOUFRVFFYJTUBOPSHBOJTNPTRVFJNQVMTBOZDPOUSPMBO
TF JODMVZF JOGPSNBDJØO CBTUBOUF QSFDJTB TPCSF DVÈM FT FM BWBM MBJOWFTUJHBDJØODJFOUÓGJDBFOMB"SHFOUJOB QPSRVFFMMPQFSNJUF 
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Página 117
12. "VORVFMBBDUJWJEBEFTBCJFSUB FTQPTJCMFJNBHJOBSBMHÞOEJTF-
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19
13. &TQFSBNPTRVFQBSBMPTBMVNOPTTFBFWJEFOUFRVFMBTEPTOPUJ- &MPUSPUJFOFSB[ØODVBOEPEJDFRVFIBZJNBOFTEFUSFTPDVBUSP
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Página 128
23. 4Ó FMEBUPSFTQPOEFBTVEVEB BVORVFEFVONPEPJOEJSFDUP4JMB
14. &TQPTJCMFRVFFMFODBSHBEPDPOTJHBSFDVQFSBSFMUPSOJMMPEFBDF- -VOBOPQPTFFDBNQPNBHOÏUJDP BMMÓVOBCSÞKVMBOPGVODJPOBSÓB
SP QFSPQPSFTUFNÏUPEPOPMPHSBSÈBUSBFSBMDPCSF QPSRVFOP
FTVONBUFSJBMGFSSPNBHOÏUJDP 24. -BTJUVBDJØOFORVFTFBUSBFOQBQFMJUPTEFTQVÏTEFGSPUBSVOB
WBSJMMBEFWJESJPDPOVOQB×PEFMBOBDPSSFTQPOEFBVOGFOØNF-
15. /JOHVOB EF MBT JNÈHFOFT FT DPSSFDUB  QPSRVF TF USBUB EF VOB OPFMFDUSPTUÈUJDP FTUVEJBEPFOFMDBQÓUVMP1BSBQSPCBSRVFOP
JOUFSBDDJØOFOUSFVOJNÈOZVOBUVFSDBEFNBTBTTFNFKBOUFT TFUSBUBEFVOGFOØNFOPNBHOÏUJDP CBTUBDPONPTUSBSRVFBRVÓ
1PS FTB SB[ØO  EFCFSÓB IBCFS EPT WFDUPSFT Z MPT EPT UFOESÓBO OPQBSUJDJQBOJNBOFTOJOJOHÞOPCKFUPEFIJFSSP
RVFTFQBSBSTFEFMBWFSUJDBMDBTJDPOVONJTNPÈOHVMP DPNPTF
NVFTUSBFOMBQÈHJOBEFMDBQÓUVMP
8 El magnetismo y sus aplicaciones
16. 3FTQVFTUBBCJFSUB FTQSPCBCBMFRVFSFTQPOEBO
Inducción magnética: BM BDUVBS TPCSF VO PCKFUP EF IJFSSP  FM Página 130
JNÈODPOWJFSUFBMPCKFUPFOVOOVFWPJNÈO
Magnetismo remanente:MPTPCKFUPTNBHOFUJ[BEPTQPSJOEVDDJØO 1. a) &TNVZQPTJCMFRVFMPTBMVNOPTZBTFQBORVFMB5JFSSBFTVO
DPOTFSWBOFMNBHOFUJTNPRVFBERVJSJFSPO HJHBOUFTDPJNÈOZQPTFBOVOBOPDJØOEFRVÏSFQSFTFOUBO
MPTQPMPTNBHOÏUJDPTUFSSFTUSFT4JOFNCBSHP USBUÈOEPTFEFM
17. a) 4Ó TFSÓBVOBGVFS[BEFBUSBDDJØO QPSRVFFOMBQSJNFSBTJUVB- DBNQPNBHOÏUJDPUFSSFTUSF TVDPOPDJNJFOUPTFSÈCBTUBOUF
DJØOTFUSBUBSÓBEFQPMPTEJGFSFOUFT ZUBNCJÏOMPTFSÓBOFOMB impreciso.
segunda. b) 4FHVSBNFOUFMPTBMVNOPTUJFOFOVOBJEFBDMBSBEFQBSBRVÏ
b) /P OPFTTFHVSP QPSRVFQPESÓBOTFSEPTQPMPTTVS RVFUBN- TJSWFMBCSÞKVMBZEFDØNPGVODJPOB-BJEFB FT SFMBDJPOBS
CJÏOTFSFDIB[BO
 FTUB SFTQVFTUB DPO MPT DPODFQUPT NFODJPOBEPT FO MB SFT-
QVFTUBBOUFSJPS
18. a) &TUFDPNQPSUBNJFOUPTFEFCFBMBJOEVDDJØONBHOÏUJDBEFM c) &TQSPCBCMFRVFMPTBMVNOPTEJTQPOHBOEFMBJOGPSNBDJØO
JNÈOTPCSFMBTDIJODIFT iDMÈTJDBwRVFMPTDIJOPTPMPTÈSBCFTJOWFOUBSPOMBCSÞKVMB
b) -BTDIJODIFTOPTPOEFCSPODF TJOPEFIJFSSPPEFBDFSPQJOUB- 3FTQFDUPEFMBÏQPDB QVFEFOFTQFSBSTFSFTQVFTUBTNVZWB-
EPTDPOFMDPMPSEFMCSPODF1PSFTPTPOBUSBÓEBTQPSFMJNÈO riadas.
c) %FMPTDVBUSPFTRVFNBT TPOQPTJCMFTAZB QPSRVFMBBUSBD- d) &TGBDUJCMFRVFFOFTUFQVOUPIBZBNVZQPDPTBQPSUFT QPS-
DJØOTFEBFOUSFQPMPTEFEJGFSFOUFOPNCSF RVFMBNBZPSQBSUFEFMBTQFSTPOBTOPDPOPDFRVFMPTQPMPT
d) &MGFOØNFOPFTFMNBHOFUJTNPSFNBOFOUF NBHOÏUJDPTUFSSFTUSFTDBNCJBOTVQPTJDJØO1VFEFTFSDPO-
e) 4Ó UVDPNQB×FSPUJFOFSB[ØO QPSRVFTFUSBUBEFVOBJO- WFOJFOUFSFUPNBSFTUBQSFHVOUBDVBOEPTFUSBUFFMUFNBFO
UFSBDDJØO MBQÈHJOB
f) /P FOFTUPOPUJFOFSB[ØO&TJNQPTJCMFTFQBSBSVOQPMP e) &M QSPQJP UFYUP JOEJDB QBSB RVÏ TJSWF VO NBHOFUØNFUSP
EFMPUSP iFTUFJOTUSVNFOUPQFSNJUFNFEJSMBTWBSJBDJPOFTEFMDBNQP
g) $POWFOESÓBMMFWBSVOJNÈO"TÓ QPSMPNFOPT UFBTFHVSBSÓBT NBHOÏUJDPUFSSFTUSFw&TUBJOGPSNBDJØOTFUFOESÈFODVFOUB
EFRVFOPTPOEFIJFSSPOJEFBDFSP FOBMHVOBTTFDDJPOFTEFMDBQÓUVMP

Página 129 Página 135

19. -BJEFOUJGJDBDJØOTFSÓBNVZTFODJMMB4FUPNBFMJNÈONBSDBEP 2. &O VOB IBCJUBDJØO DFSSBEB  TJO DPOPDFS EØOEF TF VCJDBO MPT
ZTFMPFOGSFOUBQPSVOPEFTVTQPMPTBVOQPMP QPSFKFNQMP FM QVOUPTDBSEJOBMFT VOBCSÞKVMBDPOTVQPMPOPSUFTJOJEFOUJGJDBS
n
EFMJNÈOTJONBSDBS4JMPTQPMPTTFBUSBFO FTPRVJFSFEFDJS OPTQFSNJUJSÓBDPOPDFSMBEJSFDDJØO/41FSPOPQPESÓBNPTTB-
que el polo desconocido es un s$POFTPZBTFTBCSÓBRVFFMPUSP CFSFODVÈMEFMPTTFOUJEPTJOEJDBEPTFTUÈFM/ZFODVÈM FM4
© Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

polo del imán sin marcar es un n4JQFSTJTUFOEVEBT TFMPQVFEF


WFSJGJDBSBDFSDBOEPFTUFÞMUJNPBMnEFMJNÈOQJOUBEP-PRVFTF Página 137
FTQFSBRVFTFTJFOUBFTRVFBNCPTTFSFDIB[BO
3. a) 4JTFQPOFFODPOUBDUPDPOMBQJMBTPMPVOPEFMPTFYUSFNPT
20. -PTEPTJNBOFTRVFEBSPOFOGSFOUBEPTQPSTVTQPMPTPQVFTUPT RVF EFMDBCMF MBDPSSJFOUFOPDJSDVMBSÈQPSRVFOPTFFTUBCMFDF
TFMPDBMJ[BO DPNPTF×BMBFMUFYUPEFMDBQÓUVMP FOMBTDBSBTEFDBEB VO DJSDVJUP FMÏDUSJDP 4J RVFEBSBO EVEBT TPCSF FTUF QVOUP 
VOP
-BGVFS[BEFSFQVMTJØOEFKBiGMPUBOEPwBMTFHVOEPJNÈO DPOWJFOFMFFSFMUFYUPDPSSFTQPOEJFOUFEFMDBQÓUVMP
b) &OMBTDPOEJDJPOFTEFMQVOUPBOUFSJPS MPTBMGJMFSFTOPTFSÈO
21. -PTEPTDIJDPTTPTUJFOFOJEFBTJODPSSFDUBT6OPEFFMMPTBGJSNB BUSBÓEPT QPSRVF  DPNP BDMBSB FM UFYUP  FM FMFDUSPJNÈO OP
RVFUPEPTMPTJNBOFTUJFOFOEPTQPMPT ZFOMBQÈHJOBIF- GVODJPOBTJOPDJSDVMBFMFDUSJDJEBE
NPTQSFTFOUBEPDBTPTFOMPTRVFMPTJNBOFTQVFEFOUFOFSUSFTP c) 1FMBS MPT EPT FYUSFNPT EFM DBCMF FT OFDFTBSJP QBSB HBSBO-
más polos. UJ[BS FM DPOUBDUP EFM NBUFSJBM DPOEVDUPS EFM DBCMF DPO MPT
20
FYUSFNPTEFMBQJMB"RVÓUBNCJÏO TJRVFEBSBOEVEBT DPO- 9. a) 4JMBTEPTFTQJSBTTFSFDIB[BO MBDPSSJFOUFFOMBPUSBFTQJSB
WJFOFSFDVSSJSBMDBQÓUVMP DJSDVMBFOFMTFOUJEPPQVFTUPRVFFOMBJOEJDBEB QPSRVFMB
QPMBSJEBEFTUÈJOWFSUJEB BNCBTTFSFDIB[BO

Página 140 b) -BTEPTGMFDIBTSPKBTRVFBQBSFDFOFOFMFTRVFNBTPOWFDUP-
SFTZSFQSFTFOUBOMBGVFS[BEFSFQVMTJØOFOUSFMBTFTQJSBT
4. a) 4F FTQFSB RVF  NFEJBOUF MBT FYQFSJFODJBT QSPQVFTUBT  TF c) )BZEPTGMFDIBTSPKBTZOPTPMPVOB QPSRVFTFUSBUBEFVOB
WFSJGJRVFOMBTEPTIJQØUFTJTQVFTUBTBQSVFCB&OFMQSJNFS JOUFSBDDJØO
DBTP MBNBZPSQPUFODJBEFMTFHVOEPFMFDUSPJNÈOQFSNJUJSÈ
MBBUSBDDJØOEFMBUVFSDBBVOBEJTUBODJBRVFFMQSJNFSFMFD- 10. a) 'BMTB&MJOJDJPEFMBJOWFTUJHBDJØODJFOUÓGJDBTPCSFMBSFMBDJØO
USPJNÈOZBOPMPDPOTFHVÓB&OFMTFHVOEPDBTP PDVSSJSÈMB FOUSFFMNBHOFUJTNPZMBFMFDUSJDJEBEDPSSFTQPOEFBMEFTDV-
TJUVBDJØOJOWFSTB EFCJEPBRVFFMDBNQPNBHOÏUJDPHFOFSB- CSJNJFOUPEF0FSTUFEFO
EPQPSFMDBCMFFOSPMMBEPFOVOTFOUJEPTFSFTUBBMHFOFSBEP b) 'BMTB-BTMÓOFBTEFMDBNQPHFPNBHOÏUJDPRVFSPEFBOBMB
QPSFMRVFGVFFOSPMMBEPFOTFOUJEPJOWFSTP 5JFSSBQVFEFODPNQBSBSTFDPOMBTMÓOFBTEFVOHJHBOUFTDP
b) -BUVFSDBDPMPDBEBBVOBEJTUBODJBWBSJBCMFFTFMiJOTUSVNFO- JNÈOFOCBSSBDPMPDBEPFOFMJOUFSJPSEFMQMBOFUB
UPw QFSNJUJØSFDPOPDFSMBTEJGFSFODJBTFOMBQPUFODJBEFMPT c) 7FSEBEFSB&MQSJNFSPFOQSPQPOFSVONPEFMPDJFOUÓGJDPRVF
FMFDUSPJNBOFT FYQMJDBCBFMDPNQPSUBNJFOUPEFMBCSÞKVMBGVF(JMCFSUFO
c) &M JOTUSVNFOUP RVF TFSÓB BEFDVBEP QBSB NFEJS MBT WBSJB- d) 'BMTB -PT FTUVEJPT NVFTUSBO RVF FM DBNQP HFPNBHOÏUJDP
DJPOFTEFMDBNQPNBHOÏUJDPBMJODSFNFOUBSFMOÞNFSPEF JOWJSUJØTVQPMBSJEBEQPSMPNFOPTWFDFTFOMPTQBTBEPT
WVFMUBTPNF[DMBSMPTTFOUJEPTBMFOSPMMBSFMDBCMFFTFMNBH-  NJMMPOFT EF B×PT -B QPTJDJØO EF DBEB QPMP  BEFNÈT 
OFUØNFUSP DVZBGPUPTFFODVFOUSBFOMBQÈHJOB DBNCJBMFWFNFOUFDBEBB×P
e) 'BMTB 1BSB RVF VO FMFDUSPJNÈO GVODJPOF  MB FMFDUSJDJEBE
Página 142 EFCFFTUBSFONPWJNJFOUP
f) 'BMTB2VFMPTQPMPTNBHOÏUJDPTOPDPJODJEBODPOMPTHFP-
5. a) "MDPMPDBSVOJNÈOFOMBDBCF[BEFMBQBMPNBTFRVFSÓBJO- HSÈGJDPTFTMBDBVTBEFMBEFDMJOBDJØONBHOÏUJDBUBNQPDP
WFTUJHBSDØNPQVFEFJOGMVJSMBQSFTFODJBEFVODBNQPNBH- DPJODJEFO FO TVT VCJDBDJPOFT -B JODMJOBDJØO BQBSFDF FO
OÏUJDPBEJDJPOBMFOMBQFSDFQDJØOEFMBOJNBM BRVFMMPT MVHBSFT FO MPT RVF TF FTUÈ NÈT DFSDB EF VO QPMP
b) 3FTQFDUPEFMEJTF×PEFMBFYQFSJFODJB TFQPESÓBQFOTBS QPS NBHOÏUJDPRVFEFMPUSP
FKFNQMP FOEFKBSMJCSFTEPTQBMPNBTDPOVOJUJOFSBSJPQSFWJB- g) 7FSEBEFSB-PTWJBKFTEF.BHBMMBOFTZ&MDBOPTPOEPTFKFN-
NFOUFBQSFOEJEP VOBEFFMMBTDPOFMJNÈOBEJDJPOBM ZWFSJGJ- plos de ello.
DBSTJFTUBÞMUJNBDPOTFSWBPOPTVDBQBDJEBEEFPSJFOUBDJØO
11. a) &MQPMPOPSUFEFMBBHVKBNBHOÏUJDBEFCFSÓBBQBSFDFSBSSJCB
Página 143 ZFMQPMPTVS BCBKP
b) &MQPMPOPSUFNBHOÏUJDPUFSSFTUSFEFCFSÓBBQBSFDFSBCBKPZ
6. a) %F BDVFSEP DPO MB OPUB  TF QVFEF JOUFSQSFUBS RVF MP RVF FMQPMPTVSNBHOÏUJDPUFSSFTUSF BSSJCB
DBVTB MB SFBDDJØO FO FM NÞTDVMP EFM [BIPSÓ OP FT FM BHVB
TJOP MB QSFTFODJB EF [POBT EF GSBDUVSBT  RVF PSJHJOBO EFT- 12. a) &M&DVBEPSNBHOÏUJDPFTVOBDJSDVOGFSFODJBRVFTFFODVFO-
QMB[BNJFOUPTEFHSBOEFTNBTBTFOFMJOUFSJPSEFMBDPSUF[B USBKVTUPBNJUBEEFDBNJOPFOUSFMPTEPTQPMPTNBHOÏUJDPT
UFSSFTUSFZNPEJGJDBOFMDBNQPHFPNBHOÏUJDP b) &M&DVBEPSHFPHSÈGJDPOPDPJODJEFDPOFMNBHOÏUJDPQPSRVF
b) /P EVEBNPT RVF B MB NBZPSÓB EF MPT BMVNOPT MF HVTUBSÈ MPTQPMPTHFPHSÈGJDPTZMPTNBHOÏUJDPTOPUJFOFOMBNJTNB
TBCFSTJFT[BIPSÓPOP6ONPEPEFQSPCBSMPQPESÓBTFS QPS VCJDBDJØOFOFMQMBOFUB
FKFNQMP DPODFOUSBSTFQBSBJOUFOUBSQFSDJCJSBMHÞODBNCJP
FO MPT NÞTDVMPT BM FODPOUSBSTF FO MBT DFSDBOÓBT EF BMHÞO 13. a) "M DPMHBS FM FMFDUSPJNÈO DPNP JOEJDB MB GJHVSB  FTUF TJFN-
JNÈOQPEFSPTP"EWFSUJNPT EFUPEPTNPEPT RVFDPOTFHVJS QSF RVFEB BQVOUBOEP FO VOB NJTNB EJSFDDJØO QPSRVF  BM
FTFOJWFMEFDPODFOUSBDJØOOPTFSÈGÈDJM TFSBGFDUBEPQPSFMDBNQPNBHOÏUJDPUFSSFTUSF TFDPNQPSUB
c) 6O[BIPSÓDPOMPTPKPTUBQBEPTQPESÓBEFUFDUBSMBQSFTFODJB DPNPVOBCSÞKVMB
EFVOFMFDUSPJNÈOFOGVODJPOBNJFOUPQPSRVFTVTNÞTDVMPT b) 4J MPT UFSNJOBMFT EF MB QJMB RVFEBO JOWFSUJEPT  UBNCJÏO TF
SFBDDJPOBSÓBOBOUFMBQSFTFODJBEFMDBNQPNBHOÏUJDPHFOF- JOWJFSUFMBDPSSJFOUF$BNCJBMBQPMBSJEBEEFMFMFDUSPJNÈOZ
SBEPQPSÏM MBCSÞKVMBTFEBWVFMUB&TEFDJS WBBRVFEBSFOMBQPTJDJØO"

Página 144 Página 145

7. &OMBJNBHFOEFMFMFDUSPJNÈOIBZVOFSSPSFOFMMVHBSRVFPDV- 14. 4JTFNVFWFVOBCSÞKVMBBMSFEFEPSEFVOFMFDUSPJNÈORVFBDBCB


© Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

QBOMPTBMGJMFSFT QPSRVFMPTQPMPTFTUÈOTJUVBEPTFOMPTFYUSF- EFEFTDPOFDUBSTF MBBHVKBEFMBCSÞKVMBJHVBMTFEFTWJBSÈEFCJ-


NPTZOPFOFMNFEJP EPBMFGFDUPSFTJEVBM MMBNBEPNBHOFUJTNPSFNBOFOUF
RVFIB
&OMBEFMDBCMFDPOEVDUPS MBTMÓOFBTEFDBNQPNBHOÏUJDPOPTPO RVFEBEPFOFMFMFDUSPJNÈO
DPNPMBTEJCVKBEBT SBEJBMFT
TJOPFOGPSNBEFDJSDVOGFSFODJBT
DPODÏOUSJDBT

8. /P OPFTDPSSFDUPRVFMBWBSBDPNJFODFBBHJUBSTFBOUFMBQSF-
TFODJBEFBHVB&MBSUÓDVMPEFMBQÈHJOBFYQMJDBRVF FMRVF
FOSFBMJEBETFNVFWFFTFMCSB[PEFM[BIPSÓ ZRVFMBWBSBOP
IBDFNÈTRVFBNQMJGJDBSFTFNPWJNJFOUP

21
15.
Acción
El imán y la bobina El imán y la bobina
se atraen se repelen
9 Fuerzas, interacciones y campos
4FBVNFOUBFMOÞNFSPEF
WVFMUBTEFMDBCMFBMSFEFEPS 9
Página 152
EFMBQJF[BEFIJFSSP
1. 4FUSBUBEFMBGVFS[BEFHSBWFEBE&OFMUFYUPTFJOEVDFMBJEFBEF
4FEBWVFMUBFMJNÈO 9
RVFiMB5JFSSBFTBUSBÓEBQPSFM4PMwBVORVFEFBQPDPTFJOUSPEVDJSÈ
4FEBWVFMUBMBCPCJOBZ
9 MBOPDJØOEFGVFS[BDPNPFMQSPEVDUPEFJOUFSBDDJPOFTTJNÏUSJDBT
TFEBWVFMUBFMJNÈO
&MTFOUJEPEFMBDPSSJFOUF
9 2. &OFTUBBDUJWJEBETFQSFUFOEFJOEBHBSTJMPTBMVNOPTQVEJFSPO
TFJOWJFSUF
DPOTUSVJSBMHVOBOPDJØOEFGVFS[BBQBSUJSEFMBTJOUFSBDDJPOFT
&MTFOUJEPEFMBDPSSJFOUFTF FMÏDUSJDBTZNBHOÏUJDBTFTUVEJBEBTFODBQÓUVMPTBOUFSJPSFT
9
JOWJFSUFZTFEBWVFMUBFMJNÈO
3. &TFTQFSBCMFRVFMPTBMVNOPTQVFEBOJEFOUJGJDBSBMHVOPTFGFDUPT
16. a) &M GFOØNFOP JMVTUSBEP FO MB JNBHFO TF MMBNB JODMJOBDJØO EFMBTGVFS[BT4FUSBCBKBSÈDPOFMMPTFOMBTQÈHJOBTTJHVJFOUFT
NBHOÏUJDB
b) -BEJSFDDJØOEFMBBHVKBEFMBCSÞKVMBOPDPJODJEFDPOMBIP- 4. &TUBUBNCJÏOFTVOBBDUJWJEBEEFJOEBHBDJØOEFJEFBT&TNVZ
SJ[POUBMEFMMVHBSQPSRVF BMFTUBSNÈTDFSDBEFMQPMPOPSUF QSPCBCMFRVFMPTBMVNOPTQVFEBOJOGFSJSRVFFTUPFTQPTJCMF 
NBHOÏUJDP QPMP4VS
FTUFiUJSBwNÈTRVFFMPUSP&TBFTMB ZBRVFFTUVEJBSPOMBTJOUFSBDDJPOFTFMÏDUSJDBTZNBHOÏUJDBT ZFM
SB[ØOQPSMBRVFMBBHVKBTFJODMJOBIBDJBFTFMBEP UFYUPIBDFSFGFSFODJBoTJOOPNCSBSMBoBMBGVFS[BHSBWJUBUPSJB
c) 4JMBCSÞKVMBTFFODPOUSBSBFOFM&DVBEPSNBHOÏUJDP MBBHVKB &TJOUFSFTBOUFSFMFWBSDVÈMFTTPOTVTJEFBTBDFSDBEFMBTDBVTBT
ZMBIPSJ[POUBMDPJODJEJSÓBO QPSRVFMPTEPTQPMPTNBHOÏUJ- EFMBTJOUFSBDDJPOFT
DPTFKFSDFSÓBOMBNJTNBJOGMVFODJB
d) &OFTFDBTP MBEJSFDDJØOEFMBBHVKBEFMBCSÞKVMBUBNQPDP 5. 4FFTQFSBRVFMPTBMVNOPTOPNCSFOMBTJOUFSBDDJPOFTFMÏDUSJDBT 
DPJODJEJSÓB DPO MB IPSJ[POUBM EFM MVHBS QPSRVF  BM FTUBS NÈT NBHOÏUJDBTZHSBWJUBUPSJBT
DFSDBEFMQPMPTVSNBHOÏUJDP QPMP/PSUF
FTUFiUJSBSÓBwNÈT
RVFFMPUSP Página 153

6. 3FTQVFTUBBCJFSUB4FFTQFSBRVFMPTBMVNOPTQVFEBOBOBMJ[BS
TJUVBDJPOFTDPUJEJBOBTFOMBTRVFTFQVFEBSFDPOPDFSMBBDDJØO
Sección Las fuerzas EFGVFS[BT
IV Página 156

Página 151 7. -PTQBSFTEFJOUFSBDDJØORVFQPESÈOJEFOUJGJDBSMPTBMVNOPTTPO


t *OUFSBDDJØOFOUSFFMTPQPSUFZFMUFDIP
1. &TGBDUJCMFRVFMPTBMVNOPTIBZBOWJTUPQFMÓDVMBTPTFSJFTBOJNB- t *OUFSBDDJØOFOUSFFMTPQPSUFZMBTPHB
EBTEPOEFMPTQSPUBHPOJTUBTVUJMJ[BOQPEFSFTNFOUBMFTQBSBNP- t *OUFSBDDJØOFOUSFMBTPHBZFMHBODIP
WFSPTPTUFOFSPCKFUPT Harry Potter, Star Wars, FUD
&TFTQFSBCMF t *OUFSBDDJØOFOUSFFMHBODIPZMBCPMTB
RVFMPTBMVNOPTFYQPOHBOTVTIJQØUFTJTBDFSDBEFMBTNBOFSBT
FORVFMPTQFSTPOBKFTIBDÓBOFTUPZBTFWFSFOMBJNQPTJCJMJEBE Página 161
EFSFBMJ[BSMPFOMBQSÈDUJDB BMNFOPTEFMBTGPSNBTFORVFPDV-
SSFOFOMBTQFMÓDVMBT 8. "MHVOBTQPTJCMFTSFTQVFTUBTTPOMBTTJHVJFOUFT
a) 5FMÏGPOPDFMVMBS FNJTPSBEFUFMFWJTJØOZFRVJQPEFSBEJPBGJ-
2. &OUSFMBTDPOEJDJPOFTRVFMPTBMVNOPTQSPQPOHBOTFFTQFSBRVF cionado.
DPOTJEFSFOMBBDDJØOEFVOBHFOUFFYUFSOP FTEFDJS VOBGVFS[B b) 5FMFWJTPS SBEJPZDPNQVUBEPSBQPSUÈUJM
"VORVFFTUBSFTQVFTUB BTÓGPSNVMBEB FTJODPNQMFUB FTNVZQSP-
CBCMFRVFMPTBMVNOPTSFTQPOEBOEFFTUBNBOFSBRVFFTMBRVFUJF- Página 165
OFRVFWFSDPOMBJOUVJDJØO6ODVFSQPQVFEFFTUBSFONPWJNJFOUP
TJFTUÈMJCSFEFJOUFSBDDJPOFT PTFB TJMBTVNBEFMBTGVFS[BTRVF 9. a) 4Ó  FT QPTJCMF EFUFSNJOBS FM QFTP EFM DVFSQP  IBMMBOEP MB
BDUÞBOTPCSFÏMFTDFSP TFNPWFSÈDPOSBQJEF[DPOTUBOUF
 GVFS[BRVFGPSNBFMQBSEFJOUFSBDDJØODPOFMQFTP&TBGVFS-
[BFTMBSFTVMUBOUFEFMBTEPTDPNQPOFOUFTNFEJEBTQPSMPT
© Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

3. -PTBMVNOPTFTUVEJBSPOFOMBTTFDDJPOFTBOUFSJPSFTBMHVOBTJO- EJOBNØNFUSPT
UFSBDDJPOFTBEJTUBODJB FMÏDUSJDBTZNBHOÏUJDBT
QPSMPRVFSF- b) 3FTQVFTUBBCJFSUB&TUPEFQFOEFSÈEFMPTEJOBNØNFUSPTVUJ-
TVMUBFTQFSBCMFRVFNFODJPOFOBMHVOPTEFMPTFKFNQMPTDPOMPT MJ[BEPT EFMPTQFTPTDPMPDBEPTFOMBDBOBTUJUBZEFMBBQMJDB-
RVFUSBCBKBSPOFOSFMBDJØODPOFTUPTUFNBT DJØODPSSFDUBEFMNÏUPEP
c) 3FTQVFTUB BCJFSUB $BEB EJOBNØNFUSP UFOESÈ VOB NFEJEB
4. &OUPEPTMPTDBTPTRVFMPTBMVNOPTQVFEBODJUBS MBTDBVTBTTF NÓOJNBFOMBFTDBMB&TFWBMPSFTMBQSFDJTJØOEFMJOTUSVNFOUP
EFCFOBMBBQMJDBDJØOEFGVFS[BTTPCSFMPTPCKFUPT d) 4FQVFEFOQSPEVDJSFSSPSFTTJTUFNÈUJDPTEFCJEPTBEFGJDJFO-
DJBT EF MPT EJOBNØNFUSPT FTUJSBNJFOUPT EF MPT SFTPSUFT 
5. &OFTUFDBTP ZEFTQVÏTEFIBCFSSFDPSEBEPMPFTUVEJBEPFOTFD- SP[BNJFOUPFOUSFMBTQBSUFTNØWJMFT FUD
PFSSPSFTBDDJEFO-
DJPOFTBOUFSJPSFT MPTBMVNOPTQPESÈOSFMBDJPOBSFTUFGFOØNF- UBMFTBMMFFSMBTNFEJEBTFOMBFTDBMB
OPDPODBVTBTNBHOÏUJDBT e) 3FTQVFTUBBCJFSUB-PTBMVNOPTQPESÈOPCTFSWBSRVFQBSB
masas iguales, la modificación de los ángulos o de las
22
BMUVSBT NBOUJFOF JOWBSJBOUF FM QFTP EFOUSP EF MPT WBMPSFT 17. a) &OMBTGPUPTTFQVFEFOJEFOUJGJDBSEJTUJOUPTUJQPTEFGVFS[BT
BQSPYJNBEPTEFCJEPTBMPTFSSPSFTFYQFSJNFOUBMFT
 A:*OUFSBDDJØOFOUSFMBTWFMBTEFMPTWFMFSPTZMBNBTBEFBJSF
FONPWJNJFOUP
Página 166 B:*OUFSBDDJØOFOUSFMBSBRVFUBZMBQFMPUJUBEFUFOJT
C:*OUFSBDDJØOFMFDUSPTUÈUJDBFOUSFMPTDBCFMMPTEFMBOFOB
10. &MEFCJMJUBNJFOUPEFMPTIVFTPTTFSFMBDJPOBDPOMBEJTNJOVDJØO D:*OUFSBDDJØOFOUSFMBTNBOPTZMBTBSHPMMBT
EFMBHSBWFEBE&TUPIBDFRVFFMPSHBOJTNPEFMPTBTUSPOBVUBT b) -PTFGFDUPTEFFTUBTGVFS[BTTPO
OPOFDFTJUFFMGPSUBMFDJNJFOUPEFMPTIVFTPTZMPTNÞTDVMPTQBSB A:$BNCJPEFWFMPDJEBEEFMPTWFMFSPT
TPQPSUBSFMQFTPRVFUFOESÓBOFOMBTVQFSGJDJFUFSSFTUSF"TÓ B B:$BNCJPEFEJSFDDJØOEFMBQFMPUJUB
SBÓ[EFFTUP TFPSJHJOBVOFYDFTPEFDBMDJPFOFMTJTUFNBØTFP  C:3FQVMTJØOEFMPTDBCFMMPT
RVFTFEJTUSJCVZFQPSFMPSHBOJTNPZQVFEFPDBTJPOBSMBGPSNB- D:*NQFEJSRVFFMBUMFUBTFDBJHB
DJØOEFDÈMDVMPTSFOBMFT&TUBQÏSEJEBEFDBMDJPPSJHJOB BEFNÈT 
una disminución de masa ósea que puede ser la causa de que 18. -BDPODMVTJØOEFMDPNQB×FSPOPFTDPSSFDUB"NFEJEBRVFMBBM-
TFQSPEV[DBVOBPTUFPQPSPTJT UVSBBVNFOUB FTEFDJS MBEJTUBODJBBMDFOUSPEFMB5JFSSB
MBJOUFO-
TJEBE EFM DBNQP HSBWJUBUPSJP EJTNJOVZF Z  FO DPOTFDVFODJB  MB
11. -BHSBWFEBEGBWPSFDFFMGPSUBMFDJNJFOUPEFMPTIVFTPTEFCJEPB JOUFOTJEBEEFMBTGVFS[BTPSJHJOBEBTQPSJOUFSBDDJPOFTHSBWJUBUP-
RVF BOUFMBOFDFTJEBEEFTPQPSUBSQFTP TFBTJNJMBDBMDJPRVF SJBTUBNCJÏOWBOEJTNJOVZFOEPDPOMBBMUVSB&MQFTPEFMBNP-
QBTBBGPSNBSQBSUFEFMBNBTBØTFB DIJMB FOTJUVBDJPOFTDPNPMBTEFTDSJQUBT EJTNJOVZFDPOMBBMUVSB 
BVORVFFTNVZQSPCBCMFRVFFTBEJTNJOVDJØOTFBQSÈDUJDBNFOUF
12. 3FTQVFTUBBCJFSUB&MQSPQØTJUPEFMBBDUJWJEBEFTRVFMPTBMVN- JNQFSDFQUJCMF-BBGJSNBDJØOEFMDPNQB×FSPFTUÈBTPDJBEBBMDBO-
OPTQVFEBOBNQMJBSJOGPSNBDJØOBDFSDBEFMBTJOWFTUJHBDJPOFT TBODJPGÓTJDPZOPBVODBNCJPQFSDFQUJCMFEFMQFTPRVF FODBTP
EFM/4#3*1VFEFPDVSSJSRVFBMHVOBTEFFMMBTTFSFMBDJPOFODPO EFRVFTFQVEJFSBiTFOUJSwTFSÓBVOBEJTNJOVDJØOZOPVOBVNFO-
MBTEJGFSFODJBTEFHSBWFEBE BVORVFOPUPEBTMBTDVFTUJPOFTEF UPEFQFTP
JOUFSÏTEFM/4#3*UJFOFORVFWFSDPOFTUFUFNB
19. a) &MFTRVFNBWFDUPSJBM TJODPOTJEFSBSVOBFTDBMB
TFSÓBTJNJMBS
Página 167 BMRVFTJHVF

13. %FBDVFSEPDPOMBJOGPSNBDJØOEFMUFYUP FMDBNQPEFGVFS[BFT 


FOSFBMJEBE VODBNQPFMFDUSPNBHOÏUJDP&TUPJNQMJDBRVFFOÏM Fdedo
TFQSPEVDJSÈOJOUFSBDDJPOFTFMÏDUSJDBTZNBHOÏUJDBT&TFTQFSB-
CMFRVFMBTJOUFSBDDJPOFTTFBOSFQVMTJWBT
FFMÈTUJDP
14. &TUF TJTUFNB EF CMJOEBKFQSFTFOUBWBSJBTWFOUBKBTSFTQFDUPEFM FFMÈTUJDP
iUSBEJDJPOBMw&OUSFFMMBTFTUÈOFMiQPEFSwEFEFTWJBDJØOZSFTJT-
UFODJB EFM CMJOEBKF FMFDUSPNBHOÏUJDP  MB EJTNJOVDJØO EFM QFTP
EF MPT WFIÓDVMPT BVNFOUP EF NBOJPCSBCJMJEBE Z WFMPDJEBEFT
BMDBO[BEBT
 b) -PTQBSFTEFJOUFSBDDJØORVFTFQVFEFOJEFOUJGJDBSTPO
t *OUFSBDDJØOFOUSFFMEFEPZMBCBOEJUBFMÈTUJDB
15. 3FTQVFTUBBCJFSUB4FFTQFSBFOFTUBBDUJWJEBERVFMPTBMVNOPT t *OUFSBDDJPOFTEFMBCBOEJUBDPODBEBDMBWP
QSPQPOHBO QPTJCMFT BQMJDBDJPOFT EF FTUF DBNQP EF GVFS[B &T
FTQFSBCMF RVF MPT FKFNQMPT QSPQVFTUPT BQVOUFO B NFKPSBS MBT 20. a) 4FFTQFSBRVFFOUSFMPTFGFDUPTTF×BMBEPTQPSMPTBMVNOPTTF
DBSBDUFSÓTUJDBT EF BMHÞO EJTQPTJUJWP 6O FKFNQMP QPESÓB TFS FM FODVFOUSFOFMNBMFTUBSQPSGBMUBEFBJSF MPT[VNCJEPTFOMPT
CMJOEBKFFMFDUSPNBHOÏUJDPQBSBBVUPNPUPSFTDPOFMQSPQØTJUPEF PÓEPT FUDÏUFSB
QSPUFHFSMPTEFJNQBDUPT QPSFKFNQMP FOUPSNFOUBTEFHSBOJ[P b) $PNPTFFYQMJDBFOFMUFYUP FMNBMFTUBSQVFEFSFMBDJPOBSTF
DPOFMEÏGJDJUEFPYÓHFOPFODBEBJOIBMBDJØO&TUBEFGJDJFO-
Página 168 DJBEFPYÓHFOPTFPSJHJOBQPSMBEJTNJOVDJØOEFMBQSFTJØO
BUNPTGÏSJDB
16. a) 7FSEBEFSP -B GVFS[B RVF NBOUJFOF FO NPWJNJFOUP B MPT
QMBOFUBTZMBRVFIBDFRVFMPTPCKFUPTDBJHBOTFEFCFBMB 21. &TUPTFEFCFBRVF BNFEJEBRVFBVNFOUBMBQSPGVOEJEBE UBN-
JOUFSBDDJØOHSBWJUBUPSJB CJÏO TF JODSFNFOUB MB QSFTJØO -B EJGFSFODJB FOUSF MB QSFTJØO
b) 'BMTP-BTJOUFSBDDJPOFTTFQVFEFOEBSQPSDPOUBDUP QPSWÓODV- FYUFSJPSZMBQSFTJØOBSUFSJBMFTMBRVFPSJHJOBFTUBTNPMFTUJBT
MPTPBEJTUBODJB
© Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

c) 7FSEBEFSP&MWÓODVMPFOFTUFDBTPFTFMIJMP Página 169


d) 'BMTP-BNBTBEFVODVFSQPOPTFNPEJGJDBBMDBNCJBSEF
MBUJUVEPFODFSDBOÓBTEFPUSPBTUSP&MQFTPWBSÓBEFCJEPB 22. a) -PTEJOBNØNFUSPTNJEFOBQSPYJNBEBNFOUF /&TUBFT
MPTDBNCJPTEFJOUFOTJEBEEFMDBNQPNBHOÏUJDPFOMPTEJGF- VOBFTUJNBDJØORVFTFQVFEFIBDFSBQBSUJSEFMBMFDUVSBEF
SFOUFTMVHBSFT MBFTDBMBEFMEJOBNØNFUSP
e) 7FSEBEFSP-BHSBWFEBEBVNFOUBDVBOEPMBTNBTBTEFMPT b) -BTTJUVBDJPOFTTFSFTVFMWFOVUJMJ[BOEPMPTNÏUPEPTEFTVNB
DVFSQPTRVFJOUFSBDUÞBOTFJODSFNFOUBO WFDUPSJBMEFGVFS[BT-BFTDBMBVUJMJ[BEBFTEF/QPSDBEB
f) 'BMTP$PNPMB5JFSSBOPFTVOBFTGFSBQFSGFDUB TJOPRVFFT DFOUÓNFUSP /DN
&MQFTPTFSÈMBGVFS[BRVFGPSNBVOQBS
HFPJEF BDIBUBEBFOMPTQPMPTZFOTBODIBEBFOFM&DVBEPS
 EFJOUFSBDDJPOFTDPOMBSFTVMUBOUFEFMTJTUFNB
MBEJTUBODJBBTVDFOUSPWBSÓBDPOMBMBUJUVEZ QPSDPOTJHVJFO-
UF DBNCJBMBJOUFOTJEBEEFMBJOUFSBDDJØOHSBWJUBUPSJB

23
Caso A: Caso C: MBTVNBWFDUPSJBMFTMBTVNBEFMBTJOUFOTJEBEFT
 /
 /

/

R |R|= 7,5 N + 7,5 N

|R|= 15 N
 /
 /
23. a) &M QSPQØTJUP EF FTUB BDUJWJEBE FT RVF MPT BMVNOPT QVFEBO
DPOPDFSMBTDBSBDUFSÓTUJDBTEFMBNBHOFUPTGFSBZMBNBOFSBFO
RVFTFQVFEFJEFOUJGJDBSFMDBNQPNBHOÏUJDPEFMB5JFSSB
|R|= long R · Esc b) -B5JFSSBTFWFQSPUFHJEBQPSMBNBHOFUPTGFSBRVFGVODJPOB
N DPNP VO iDBNQP EF GVFS[Bw QBSB MBT QBSUÓDVMBT DBSHBEBT Z
|R|= 10,6 cm · 1 BMUBNFOUFFOFSHÏUJDBTFNJUJEBTQPSFM4PMBMFTQBDJP QPSMPT
cm
QSPDFTPTFOFSHÏUJDPTEFGVTJØOOVDMFBSRVFUJFOFOMVHBSFOTV
|R|= 10,6 N JOUFSJPS GFOØNFOPDPOPDJEPDPNPWJFOUPTPMBS
&TUPTFSFMB-
DJPOBDPOFMUFYUPBDFSDBEFMPTCMJOEBKFTEFUBORVFTZPUSPT
WFIÓDVMPTEFHVFSSBQPSNFEJPEFDBNQPTFMFDUSPNBHOÏUJDPT
Caso B: c) &M QSPQØTJUP EF FTUB BDUJWJEBE FT RVF MPT BMVNOPT QVFEBO
WJTMVNCSBS MB SFMBDJØO EF FTUF GFOØNFOP DPO MB NBZPS JO-
UFOTJEBE EFM DBNQP NBHOÏUJDP QSPEVDJEB FO MBT SFHJPOFT
DFSDBOBTBMPTQPMPTHFPHSÈGJDPTUFSSFTUSFT FOSFBMJEBE FO
MPTQPMPTNBHOÏUJDPT
ZMBJOUFSBDDJØOEFMBTQBSUÓDVMBTDBS-
R
HBEBTRVFGPSNBOQBSUFEFMWJFOUPTPMBSDPOMBBUNØTGFSB

24. &OVOBTJUVBDJØODPNPMBRVFTFEFTDSJCF TVQPOJFOEPRVFBN-


 /  /
CBTCBJMBSJOBTBQPZFOUPEPTVQFTPTPCSFFMUBDPEFM[BQBUP Z
QPS DPOTJHVJFOUF TPCSF FM QJF EFM DIJDP FO DVFTUJØO  MB GVFS[B
BQMJDBEBTFSÈMBNJTNB1FSPMBQSFTJØOTPCSFFMQJFTFSÈEJGF-
|R|= long R · Esc SFOUFDPODBEB[BQBUPFMRVFUJFOFUBDPBHVKBQPTFFVOBNFOPS
N TVQFSGJDJFEFDPOUBDUPRVFFMRVFUJFOFVOUBDPNÈTCJFOCBKP
|R|= 7 cm · 1 &TUPIBDFRVF FOFMQSJNFSDBTP MBQSFTJØOTFBNBZPSRVFFO
cm
FM TFHVOEP &M FGFDUP TF FYQFSJNFOUBSÈ DPNP VO QJTPUØO NÈT
|R|= 7 N EPMPSPTPFOFMDBTPEFMUBDPBHVKB

© Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723

24

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