Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
(MINICARGADOR)
Seguridad al
Usar el
Minicargador
Lección 1 Tome Control de su
Propia Seguridad
Reporte de Acciden
Los Peligros Más Grandes
s
2. Accidentes de Volcaduras
,ECCIÍN 0REP´RESE PARA UNA
/PERACIÍN 3EGURA
0DOODV/DWHUDOHV &DELQD
$JDUUDGRUHV
%DUUDGH6HJXULGDG
&LQWXUyQGH6HJXULGDG
*UDGDV
/ODQWDV
)XJDVGH)OXLGR
,PSOHPHQWR V 'HODQWHURV\R7UDVHURV
,QVSHFFLyQDQWHVGH&RPHQ]DU
-BTFHVSJEBEDPNJFO[BBOUFTEFBSSBODBSFMNPUPS$BEBEÓB VTUFE
EFCFDBNJOBSBMSFEFEPSEFMNJOJDBSHBEPSQBSBSFWJTBSTJFTUÈMJTUP
QBSBPQFSBSFOGPSNBTFHVSB)FNPTQSPWFÓEPVOBMJTUBEFSFWJTJØO
QBSBMBJOTQFDDJØOEJBSJBZWJTVBMRVFEFCFDPOEVDJSTFBOUFTEFMB
PQFSBDJØO"MFSUFBTVTVQFSWJTPSTJVTUFEFODVFOUSBBMHPNBMP
EVSBOUFTVJOTQFDDJØOEJBSJBBOUFTEFBSSBODBSFMNPUPS
/ODQWDV
&MNBOUFOJNJFOUPBQSPQJBEPFTJNQPSUBOUFQPSRVFMBTCVFOBT
MMBOUBTQFSNJUFORVFFMNJOJDBSHBEPSEFEJSFDDJØOEFTMJ[BOUFUSB
CBKFCJFOFOMPTEJGFSFOUFTUJQPTEFTVQFSmDJFT-BJOGPSNBDJØO
QBSBJOnBSMBMMBOUBBQSPQJBEBNFOUFFTUÈJNQSFTBFOMBQBSUF
MBUFSBMEFMBMMBOUB
&DELQD
"MHVOPTNJOJDBSHBEPSFTWJFOFOFRVJQBEPTEFGÈCSJDBDPONBMMBT
MBUFSBMFT QBSBFWJUBSRVFVTUFETFBBQMBTUBEPQPSMBTQBSUFTNØ
WJMFTGVFSBEFMBDBCJOB"MHVOBTDBCJOBTFTUÈOUBNCJÏOEJTF×BEBT
QBSBQSPUFHFSMPTJFMNJOJDBSHBEPSTFWVFMDBPTJVONBUFSJBMDBF
TPCSFMBDBCJOB4JFMNBSDPEFMBDBCJOBPMBTNBMMBTMBUFSBMFTFT
UÈOEB×BEBTPBQBSFOUBOIBCFSTJEPBMUFSBEBT BWÓTFMFBTVTVQFS
WJTPSZOPPQFSFFMNJOJDBSHBEPSIBTUBRVFVOBQFSTPOBDBMJmDBEB
EFUFSNJOFRVFFTTFHVSPIBDFSMP
&LQWXUyQ %DUUDGH6HJXULGDG
&MDJOUVSØOEFTFHVSJEBEZMBCBSSBEFTFHVSJEBEUSBCBKBOKVOUPT
QBSBNBOUFOFSMPBTFHVSBEPFOFMBTJFOUPEFMDPOEVDUPSEVSBOUFMB
PQFSBDJØO&MEB×PBDVBMRVJFSBEFFTUPTNFDBOJTNPTEFTFHVSJ
EBEQVFEFEBSDPNPSFTVMUBEPMFTJPOFTTFSJBT
$JDUUDGRUHV
4VTNBOPTQVFEFOSFTCBMBSGÈDJMNFOUFEFMPTBHBSSBEPSFTHBTUBEPT
DBVTÈOEPMFRVFDBJHBPRVFQJFSEBFMDPOUSPMEFMNJOJDBSHBEPS
*UDGDV
-PTSFTCBMPOFTZDBÓEBTFOMBTHSBEBTTPODPNVOFTZQVFEFO
DBVTBSRVFDPOFDUFMPTDPOUSPMFTEFOUSPEFMBDBCJOBTJDBFTP
CSFFMMPT.BOUFOHBMBTHSBEBTMJCSFTEFIJFMP MPEPZSFTJEVPT
$VBOEPTFHBTUBMBTVQFSmDJFBOUJSFTCBMBOUFEFMBHSBEB QVFEF
DPOWFSUJSTFFOVOBTVQFSmDJFSFTCBMPTBZEFCFSÈTFSSFFNQMB[BEB
,PSOHPHQWRV±'HODQWHURV\R7UDVHURV
.VDIPTJNQMFNFOUPTEJGFSFOUFTTPOVTBEPTFOMPTNJOJDBSHB
EPSFTEFEJSFDDJØOEFTMJ[BOUFJODMVZFOEPMPTDVDIBSPOFTGSPOUB
MFT BSBEPTUSBTFSPT SBTUSBT BTUJMMBEPSBT USJODIBEPSFTZNPOUBDBS
HBTQBSBQBDBT$FSDJØSFTFRVFMPTJNQMFNFOUPTFTUÏOJOTUBMBEPT
ZBTFHVSBEPTDPSSFDUBNFOUF&MEFTFOHBODIFSFQFOUJOPEFVO
JNQMFNFOUPQVFEFDBVTBSRVFMBDBSHBTFDBJHB IBDJFOEPBMNJOJ
DBSHBEPSJOFTUBCMFZQPTJCMFNFOUFMFTJPOBOEPBMPTUSBOTFÞOUFT
)XJDVGH)OXLGR
-BTGVHBTQVFEFODBVTBSRVFFMNJOJDBSHBEPSTFEFTDPNQPOHB
-PTnVJEPTUBNCJÏOQVFEFOTFSVOQFMJHSPEFJODFOEJP-PT
DIBSDPTEFnVJEPTEFCBKPEFMNJOJDBSHBEPSJOEJDBORVFBMHPFTUÈ
HPUFBOEP3FQPSUFMBTTF×BTEFGVHBTEFnVJEPTBTVTVQFSWJTPS
JONFEJBUBNFOUF
&RPHQ]DU\$SDJDU6HJXUR
(QWUDGD
5SBCBKBEPSFTIBOTJEPBQMBTUBEPTZIBONVFSUPQPSMBTQBSUFT
NØWJMFTDVBOEPFMMPTOPTFIBOTVCJEPEFOUSPEFMNJOJDBSHBEPS
EFEJSFDDJØOEFTMJ[BOUFFOGPSNBTFHVSB1BSBQSFWFOJSBDDJEFOUFT
FOUSFEFBDVFSEPDPOMBTJOTUSVDDJPOFTEFMGBCSJDBOUF
&OUSFTPMPDVBOEPFMNPUPS
FTUÏBQBHBEP MPTCSB[PTEF
FMFWBDJØOFTUÏOCBKBEPTZMPT
JNQMFNFOUPTFTUÏOFOFMTVFMP
.JSFIBDJBFMBTJFOUPZDPMPRVF
BNCBTNBOPTFOMBTCBSSBTQBSB
BHBSSBSTF
/VODBVTFMBTQBMBODBTEFDPO
USPMDPNPCBSSBTQBSBBHBSSBSTF
6TFMBTHSBEBTIFDIBTQBSB
FOUSBS
1UE .O LO !PLASTEN ,ECCIÍN
LAS 0ARTES -ÍVILES
/DV3DUWHV0yYLOHVOR3XHGHQ$SODVWDU
4FSBQMBTUBEPQPSMBTQBSUFTNØWJMFTFTMBDBVTBEFNVFSUFNÈT
DPNÞOSFQPSUBEBDVBOEPTFPQFSBVONJOJDBSHBEPSEFEJSFDDJØO
EFTMJ[BOUF-PTBDDJEFOUFTEFBQMBTUBNJFOUPPDVSSFONJFOUSBTTF
FOUSBPTBMF EVSBOUFMBPQFSBDJØOZNJFOUSBTTFEBNBOUFOJNJFOUP
"VODVBOEPFMNJOJDBSHBEPSFTUÈFRVJQBEPDPOTFHVSPTJOUFSOPT
FTUPTTFHVSPTOPTPOBQSVFCBEFUPOUPT-BTQFSTPOBTNVFSFOFO
GPSNBTRVFMPTTJTUFNBTEFTFHVSPJOUFSOPTOPQVFEFOQSFWFOJS
&yPR(YLWDU6HU$SODVWDGR
/VODBFOUSFPTBMHBQBSÈOEPTFEFCBKPEFVOJNQMFNFOUP
MFWBOUBEPQPSRVFMFQVFEFDBFSFODJNB
/VODBFODJFOEBFMNPUPSVPQFSFMPTDPOUSPMFTEFTEFBGVFSB
EFMBDBCJOB&MNJOJDBSHBEPSPMPTCSB[PTEFFMFWBDJØOQVFEFO
BQMBTUBSMPBMBDUJWBSTFMPTDPOUSPMFT
4JFNQSFVTFTVDJOUVSØOEFTFHVSJEBEZCBKFMBCBSSBEFTFHVSJ
EBEDVBOEPFTUÏFOFMBTJFOUPEFMPQFSBSJP BTÓTFNBOUFOESÈ
TFHVSPFOMBDBCJOB QSPUFHJÏOEPTFEFTFSBQMBTUBEP
/VODBTVCBPCBKFEFMBDBCJOBNJFOUSBTFMNPUPSFTUÏFO
NBSDIB6TUFEQVFEFTFSBQMBTUBEPTJHPMQFBMPTDPOUSPMFT
/VODBTFJODMJOFIBDJBGVFSBEFMBDBCJOBDVBOEPFMNPUPSFTUÏ
FONBSDIB.BOUFOHBTVDBCF[B CSB[PTZQJFSOBTBEFOUSPP
VTUFEQVFEFTFSBQMBTUBEPQPSMPTCSB[PTEFFMFWBDJØOPMPT
JNQMFNFOUPTFONPWJNJFOUP
/VODBFMFWFVOJNQMFNFOUPBSSJCBEFVOBQFSTPOB-BTDBSHBT
QVFEFOSFTCBMBSPDBFS PFMJNQMFNFOUPQVFEFDBFSJOFTQFSBEB
NFOUF BQMBTUBOEPBDVBMRVJFSBRVFFTUÏBCBKP
/VODBMFWBOUFDBSHBTUBOBMUPPSVFEFJNQMFNFOUPTUBOBUSÈT
RVFCPUFONBUFSJBMFOMBDBCJOB DBZÏOEPMFFODJNBBVTUFE
/VODBUSBCBKFCBKPJNQMFNFOUPTMFWBOUBEPT BNFOPTRVFMPT
CSB[PTEFFMFWBDJØOFTUÏOBTFHVSBEPTFOMBQPTJDJØOEF
iBSSJCBwVTBOEPTPQPSUFTBQSPCBEPTQBSBCSB[PTEFFMFWBDJØO
$POUBDUFBMGBCSJDBOUFQBSBBWFSJHVBSTJTVNJOJDBSHBEPSUJFOF
TPQPSUFTBQSPCBEPTQBSBCSB[PTEFFMFWBDJØO
$VBOEPTFBQPTJCMF IBHBFMUSBCBKPEFNBOUFOJNJFOUPDPO
FMNPUPSBQBHBEP MBMMBWFSFNPWJEB FMGSFOPEFFTUBDJPOBNJFO
UPDPMPDBEP MBTMMBOUBTCMPRVFBEBTZMPTJNQMFNFOUPTFOFM
TVFMPPBQPZBEPTFOTPQPSUFTBQSPCBEPTQBSBCSB[PTEF
FMFWBDJØO
-JGUBSNTVQQPSU
(PSOHDGR9XHOFDXQ0LQLFDUJDGRUHQXQD3DUHGGH
5HWHQFLyQ
0REVENGA ,ECCIÍN
LOS !CCIDENTES
DE 6OLCADURAS
3UHYLQLHQGR9ROFDGXUDV
$VBOEPVONJOJDBSHBEPSEFEJSFDDJØOEFTMJ[BOUFTFWVFMWFJOFT
UBCMFPQJFSEFFMFRVJMJCSJP TFWPMDBSÈ4PCSFDBSHBSMP MMFWBSDBS
HBNFOUPTNVZBMUPT PQFSBSFOTVQFSmDJFTEFTJHVBMFTPBEFTOJWFM
BHSFHBSJNQMFNFOUPTPDPOEVDJSNVZSÈQJEPQBSBMBTDPOEJDJPOFT
BDUVBMFTDBVTBORVFFMNJOJDBSHBEPSTFWVFMWBJOFTUBCMF
&MUJFNQPEFMBSFBDDJØOIVNBOBFTNVZMFOUBQBSBFWJUBSVOB
WPMDBEVSBDVBOEPZBIBDPNFO[BEP1VFEFFWJUBSMBTWPMDBEVSBTBM
SFDPOPDFSMBTTJUVBDJPOFTQFMJHSPTBTZBDUVBSQBSBFWJUBSMBT
(YLWH$FFLGHQWHVSRU9ROFDGXUDV
/PTPCSFDBSHVFFMJNQMFNFOUP3FWJTFMBFUJRVFUBEFDBQBDJ
EBE MBQMBDBDPOEBUPTPFMNBOVBMEFMPQFSBSJPQBSBWFSFM
MÓNJUFNÈYJNP&YDFEFSFTFMÓNJUFQVFEFDBVTBSRVF
FMNJOJDBSHBEPSTFWVFMWBJOFTUBCMFZTFWVFMRVF
%JTUSJCVZBCBMBODFBEBNFOUFMBDBSHBFOFMJNQMFNFOUPQBSB
RVFFMNJOJDBSHBEPSOPTFWVFMRVF
4VKFUFMBTDBSHBTJOFTUBCMFTQBSBRVFOPTFNVFWBOPDBJHBO
$VBOEPTFBOFDFTBSJPTVKFUBSMBT CBKFMPTCSB[PTEFFMFWBDJØO
BQBHVFFMNPUPS TBMHBEFMBDBCJOB FODBEFOFMBDBSHBFOTV
MVHBS SFHSFTFBMBDBCJOB BSSBORVFFMNJOJDBSHBEPSZQSPDFEB
DPOFMUSBCBKP
-FWBOUFMBDBSHBEFTQBDJPZCBMBODFBEBNFOUFQBSBNBOUFOFSFM
NJOJDBSHBEPSFTUBCMF
"DBSSFFMBDBSHBDFSDBEFMTVFMP QFSPDPOMBBMUVSBTVmDJFOUF
QBSBQBTBSTPCSFMPTPCTUÈDVMPT$VBOEPVOBDBSHBTFBDBSSFB
NVZBMUP IBZNÈTQPTJCJMJEBERVFMPTNJOJDBSHBEPSFTEFEJSFD
DJØOEFTMJ[BOUFTFJODMJOFOIBDJBBEFMBOUF&TEFFTQFDJBMJN
QPSUBODJBBDBSSFBSMBDBSHBMPNÈTCBKPQPTJCMFBMWPMUFBS
BDBSSFBSVOBDBSHBQFTBEB WJBKBSQPSVOBDVFTUBPBMPQFSBSFO
HGH$FFLGHQWH TVQFSmDJFTEFTJHVBMFT
UJDGRU6H,QFOLQD+DFLD$GHODQWH/HVLRQDQGRDO .BOUFOHBFMJNQMFNFOUPOJWFMBEPBMNPWFSMPTCSB[PTEF
LR
FMFWBDJØOPBMDPOEVDJSTVCJFOEPPCBKBOEPDVFTUBT PEFMP
DPOUSBSJPMBDBSHBTFQVFEFNPWFSZQVFEFEFTCBMBODFBS
FMNJOJDBSHBEPS
0QFSFBMBWFMPDJEBEBEFDVBEBQBSBMBTDPOEJDJPOFTBDUVBMFT
QBSBRVFOPQJFSEBFMDPOUSPMEFMNJOJDBSHBEPS
0QFSFMPTDPOUSPMFTTVBWFNFOUFQBSBQSFWFOJSQBSBS
CSVTDBNFOUFPDPSDPWFBS
0QFSFFOTVQFSmDJFTOJWFMBEBTZFTUBCMFT$BSHVF EFTDBSHVFZEF
WVFMUBFOUJFSSBmSNFZOJWFMBEB
$POEV[DBIBDJBBSSJCBZBCBKPFOMBTDVFTUBT OPEFVOFYUSFNP
BPUSP$POEV[DBEFTQBDJPFOMBTDVFTUBT
.BOUFOHBMBQBSUFQFTBEBEFMNJOJDBSHBEPSBQVOUBOEPIBDJB
BSSJCBEFMBTDVFTUBT$VBOEPFTUÏDBSHBEPBMNÈYJNP MPTNJOJ
DBSHBEPSFTEFEJSFDDJØOEFTMJ[BOUFEFCFODPOEVDJSTFDPOMB
DBSHBDVFTUBBSSJCB$VBOEPFTUÈEFTDBSHBEP MBQBSUFUSBTFSB
EFMNJOJDBSHBEPSFTNÈTQFTBEB QPSMPRVFMBQBSUFUSBTFSBEFCF
BQVOUBSIBDJBBSSJCBEFMBDVFTUB4JOPFTUÈTFHVSPRVÏFYUSFNP
FTNÈTQFTBEPEFCJEPBMPTJNQMFNFOUPTBOFYBEPT SFWJTFFM
NBOVBMEFMPQFSBSJP
/PIBHBWVFMUBTDFSSBEBTFOMBTDVFTUBTPFMNJOJDBSHBEPSTF
QVFEFWPMDBS"MÏKFTFQPSDPNQMFUPEFMBTDVFTUBTNVZFNQJOB
EBT&MNBOVBMEFMPQFSBSJPEFmOFMBQFOEJFOUFNÈYJNBFOMB
RVFQVFEFPQFSBSTVNJOJDBSHBEPS
&WJUFIPZPT CBDIFTHSBOEFT QVOUPTTVBWFTZQJTPTEÏCJMFT
5PEPTFTUPTQVFEFOIBDFSRVFFMNJOJDBSHBEPSTFBJOFTUBCMF
4JEFCFDSV[BSMBTWÓBTEFMUSFO [BOKBT DVSWBTPTVQFSmDJFT
EFTJHVBMFTTJNJMBSFT DSVDFFOÈOHVMPZDPOEV[DBEFTQBDJP
.BOUÏOHBTFBMFKBEPEFMPTCPSEFTFNQJOBEPT QVFSUPTEFEFT
DBSHB SBNQBT [BOKBT QBSFEFTEFSFUFODJØOZDVOFUBTDFSDBOBT
EFMPDPOUSBSJP QVFEFDBFSTFQPSFMCPSEFPMPTUFSSBQMFOFT
QVFEFOEFSSVNCBSTF
5HSRUWHGH$FFLGHQWH
3LVRVH'HUUXPED0DWDQGRDO2SHUDULRGHXQ
0LQLFDUJDGRUGH'LUHFFLyQ'HVOL]DQWH
5HVXPHQGHOD,QVSHFFLyQGH$FFLGHQWHV
(ORSHUDULRGHXQPLQLFDUJDGRUGHGLUHFFLyQGHVOL]DQWHVH
URPSLyODQXFD\PXULyFXDQGRVXPLQLFDUJDGRUFD\yYHLQWH
SLHVDWUDYpVGHOVHJXQGRSLVRGHXQHGL¿FLRTXHQRHVWDED
ELHQFRQVWUXLGR
6LHPSUHWUDEDMHHQVXSHU¿FLHVHVWDEOHV\
HYLWHORVSLVRVGpELOHV
$FDUUHHODFDUJDORPiVFHUFDGHOVXHORSRVLEOHSDUDHYLWDUXQDYROFDGXUD
6Ë 12
,ECCIÍN /TROS 0ELIGROS DE
/PERACIÍN
-PTBDDJEFOUFTNPSUBMFTRVFJOWPMVDSBOBMPTNJOJDBSHBEPSFTEF
EJSFDDJØOEFTMJ[BOUFOPTFMJNJUBOBBQMBTUBNJFOUPTZWPMDBEVSBT
0USPTQFMJHSPTJODMVZFOBUSPQFMMBSTFBTÓNJTNPPBPUSBTQFSTPOBT
DIPDBSDPOUSBPCTUÈDVMPT BDDJEFOUFTEFUSÈOTJUP FMFDUSPDVUBSTFZ
FOWFOFOBNJFOUPDBVTBEPQPSNPOØYJEPEFDBSCPOP DPNCVTUJCMFT
PnVJEPT
0DQWpQJDVH$OHMDGRGHORV$FFLGHQWHV
GH9ROFDGXUDV
6TFTVDJOUVSØOEFTFHVSJEBEPMBCBSSBEFTFHVSJEBEQBSBRVF
QVFEBQFSNBOFDFSTFHVSPEFOUSPEFMBDBCJOB
4FQBFOEØOEFFTUÈOTVTDPNQB×FSPTEFUSBCBKP3FWJTFTVT
BMSFEFEPSFTBOUFTEFNPWFSFMNJOJDBSHBEPS.BOUFOHBBMBT
EFNÈTQFSTPOBTBMFKBEBTNJFOUSBTFTUÈPQFSBOEPFMNJOJDBS
HBEPSZOVODBEFKFRVFOBEJFTFBDFSRVFEFNBTJBEPZQVFEB
TFSBQMBTUBEPQPSMPTNPWJNJFOUPTSFQFOUJOPTEFMNJOJDBSHBEPS
$POEV[DBIBDJBBEFMBOUFDVBOEPFTUÏFOUFSSFOPOJWFMBEPB
NFOPTRVFMBDBSHBCMPRVFFTVWJTUBPFMJNQMFNFOUPFTUÏ
EJTF×BEPQBSBVTBSTFDVBOEPFMNJOJDBSHBEPSSFUSPDFEF$VBO
EPVOBDBSHBCMPRVFFTVWJTUB DPOEV[DBSFUSPDFEJFOEP TJFM
NJOJDBSHBEPSFTUÈEJTF×BEPQBSBRVFVTUFEQVFEBWFSBUSÈT P
QFSNJUBRVFVODPNQB×FSPEFUSBCBKPMPHVÓF1ØOHBOTFEF
BDVFSEPEFBOUFNBOPTPCSFMBTTF×BMFTNBOVBMFTRVFVTBSÈO
$FSDJØSFTFRVFTVDPNQB×FSPEFUSBCBKPQFSNBOF[DBBVOB
EJTUBODJBTFHVSBEFMNJOJDBSHBEPS
0CTFSWFTJIBZUSÈmDPZQFBUPOFTDVBOEPDSVDFPDVBOEP
USBCBKFDFSDBEFDBMMFT FOUSBEBT FTUBDJPOBNJFOUPT FTRVJOBTEF
MPTFEJmDJPT BSCVTUPT ÈSCPMFTZPUSPTTJUJPTRVFOPTFQVFEFO
WFSCJFO-BTQFSTPOBT BOJNBMFTZFMUSÈmDPTFNVFWFOSÈQJ
EBNFOUFZRVJ[ÈTOPTFEFODVFOUBEFRVFFTUÈOFOFMDBNJOP
EFMQFMJHSP&TUÏDPOTDJFOUFEFTVTBMSFEFEPSFTUPEPFMUJFNQP
.JSFIBDJBMBEJSFDDJØOFOMBRVFFTUÈNBOFKBOEP 8QFRPSDxHURGHWUDEDMRSXHGHD\XGDUOHD
0QFSFFMNJOJDBSHBEPSTVBWFNFOUFQBSBNBOUFOFSDPOUSPMZ PRYHUODFDUJDTXHVHDPX\DOWD\DQFKD\
FWJUBSMFTJPOBSTFPMFTJPOBSBRVJFOFTFTUÏODFSDB TXHQROHSHUPLWDYHUHQIRUPDVHJXUDKDFLD
/PJOTFSUFDPOGVFS[BFMJNQMFNFOUPEFOUSPEFMPTNBUFSJBMFT DUULED\DOUHGHGRUGHXVWHG
6TUFEQPESÓB
$IPDBSDPOVOPCKFUPFTDPOEJEPEFOUSPEFMNBUFSJBM
"USBWFTBSFMNBUFSJBMZDIPDBSDPOBMHPPBMHVJFORVFFTUÏ
EFMPUSPMBEP
1FSEFSDPOUSPMEFMNJOJDBSHBEPS
/VODBQFSNJUBRVFIBZBQBTBKFSPTBEJDJPOBMFT-BDBCJOBFTUÈ
DPOTUSVJEBQBSBVOBQFSTPOBZMPTJNQMFNFOUPTOPTPOQBSB
DBSHBSQFSTPOBT
1SFWFOHBRVFFMNJOJDBSHBEPSTFNVFWBJOFTQFSBEBNFOUF
EVSBOUFFMNBOUFOJNJFOUP
&TUBDJØOFTFFOVOBTVQFSmDJFOJWFMBEB
#BKFMPTJNQMFNFOUPT
$PMPRVFFMDPOUSPMFOOFVUSP
1POHBFMGSFOPEFFTUBDJPOBNJFOUP
"QBHVFFMNPUPS
3FDJSDVMFMPTDPOUSPMFTQBSBMJCFSBSMBQSFTJØOIJESÈVMJDB
4JHBMPTQSPDFEJNJFOUPTTFHVSPTEFBQBHBEPQBSBRVFMPT
DPOUSPMFTOPTFFOMMBWFO
#MPRVFFMBTMMBOUBTQBSBRVFFMNJOJDBSHBEPSOPSVFEF
0DQWpQJDVH$OHMDGRGHORV2EVWiFXORV
5HSRUWHGH$FFLGHQWH
7UDEDMDGRU0XHUHDO3HQHWUDUXQD5DPDHQOD&DELQD
5HVXPHQGHOD,QVSHFFLyQGH$FFLGHQWHV
8QWUDEDMDGRUHVWDEDXVDQGRXQPLQLFDUJDGRUGHGLUHFFLyQ
GHVOL]DQWHSDUDSRGDUGHQVDVPDOH]DVDUEXVWRV\iUEROHV
VHFRVGHXQWHUUHQRIRUHVWDOeOHVWDEDPRYLHQGRXQJUXSR
GHUDPDVFXDQGRHOPLQLFDUJDGRUFKRFyFRQWUDXQDUDPD
VHFDTXHLQJUHVySRUODSDUWHIURQWDOGHODFDELQD\OHSHJy
SRUODL]TXLHUGD/DUDPDOHTXHEUyXQDFRVWLOOD\OHSHUIRUyHO
FRUD]yQeOPXULy
5HYLVHDOiUHDGHWUDEDMRDQWHVGHFRPHQ]DU
3FWJTFFMÈSFBEFUSBCBKPBOUFTEFDPNFO[BS/PUFUPEPTMPT
QPTJCMFTPCTUÈDVMPTSBNBTEFÈSCPMFT UVCPTPDVBMRVJFSPCKFUP
RVFQVEJFTFFOUSBSFOMBDBCJOB$FSDJØSFTFRVFUJFOFTVmDJFOUF
FTQBDJPMJCSFFOMPTQBTJMMPT DBNJOPTEFFOUSBEBVPUSBT
BQFSUVSBT
.BOUFOHBMBWJTUBEFMDBNJOPDMBSB.BOUFOHBMPTWJESJPT
EFMBOUFSPTZFMUSBTFSPTMJNQJPT TJMPTUJFOFFMNJOJDBSHBEPS
.BOUFOHBMPTJNQMFNFOUPTMPNÈTDFSDBOPTBMTVFMPQPTJCMF
QBSBRVFOPCMPRVFFOTVWJTUB
6TFQSFDBVDJØOBEJDJPOBMFOMPTJOUFSJPSFT-PTNJOJDBSHBEPSFT
SFTQPOEFOSÈQJEBNFOUFBTVTDPOUSPMFT&TGÈDJMDIPDBSDPOUSB
QBSFEFT QVFSUBTPUVCPT
3URWpMDVHGHODV(OHFWURFXWDFLRQHV 6LHO0LQLFDUJDGRU7RFDXQD
)XHQWHGH(OHFWULFLGDG
-BFMFDUSJDJEBEEFBMUPWPMUBKFQVFEFTBMUBSBWBSJPTQJFTEFEJTUBODJB 3HUPDQH]FDFDOPDGR
EFVODBCMFFMÏDUSJDPZWJBKBSBUSBWÏTEFNFUBM NBEFSB WFHFUBDJØO 6LJDORVSURFHGLPLHQWRVVHJXURVGH
ZNVDIPTPUSPTNBUFSJBMFT)BCMFDPOTVTVQFSWJTPSBOUFTEF DSDJDGR
DPNFO[BSVOUSBCBKPRVFSFRVJFSBRVFVTUFEUSBCBKFDFSDBEFVOB 3HUPDQH]FDHQVXDVLHQWRRSXHGHVHU
GVFOUFEFFOFSHÓB HOHFWURFXWDGR
-MBNFBMBMÓOFBFTUBUBMEFBZVEBUFMFGØOJDBEFMBFNQSFTBFMÏD *ULWHSDUDSHGLUD\XGDROODPHDODHP
USJDBMPDBMQBSBJEFOUJmDBSFOEPOEFFTUÈOMPTDBCMFTTVCUFSSÈ SUHVDHOpFWULFD
OFPTBOUFTEFFYDBWBS&MOÞNFSPUFMFGØOJDPFTUÈFOMBTQSJNFSBT 0DQWHQJDDODVSHUVRQDVOHMRVGHODPi
QÈHJOBTEFMEJSFDUPSJPUFMFGØOJDP TXLQDRWDPELpQVHSRGUiQHOHFWURFXWDU
/PBDBSSFFDBSHBTDFSDBEFDBCMFTFMÏDUSJDPT (VSHUHDTXHVHKD\DGHVFRQHFWDGROD
.BOUFOHBFMJNQMFNFOUPMPNÈTCBKPQPTJCMFBMUSBCBKBSDFSDB HOHFWULFLGDGSDUDVDOLUGHOPLQLFDUJDGRU
EFMÓOFBTBÏSFBT
/PDPOEV[DBTPCSFDBCMFTFMÏDUSJDPTRVFIBODBÓEPPFTUÈO
FYQVFTUPT 6XEDXQ0LQLFDUJDGRUHQ)RUPD
6HJXUDDXQ5HPROTXH
3UHYHQJD$FFLGHQWHV&HUFDGHO7Ui¿FR 0DQWHQJDDORVWUDQVH~QWHVDXQDGLVWDQ
6ONJOJDBSHBEPSEFEJSFDDJØOEFTMJ[BOUFOPFTIFDIPQBSBWJBKBS FLDVHJXUDPLHQWUDVORFDUJD
FOMBTDBMMFTPMBTDBSSFUFSBT1BSBFTUBSTFHVSP DÈSHVFMPFOVO (OLMDXQDVXSHU¿FLHQLYHODGD
SFNPMRVFZUSBOTQØSUFMPBMPTTJUJPTEFUSBCBKP$VBOEPFMNJOJ %ORTXHHODVOODQWDVGHOYHKtFXORGHWUDQV
DBSHBEPSEFCFEFNPWFSTFEJTUBODJBTDPSUBTFOVOBDBMMFQÞCMJDB SRUWH\GHOUHPROTXH
NBOUFOHBMPTTJHVJFOUFTDPOTFKPTEFTFHVSJEBEFONFOUF 8VHXQDUDPSDTXHSXHGDDFRPRGDU
&OMMBWFMPTJNQMFNFOUPTFOMBQPTJDJØOQBSBUSBOTQPSUF VHJXUDPHQWHDOPLQLFDUJDGRUGHGLUHFFLyQ
0CTFSWFUPEBTMBTTF×BMFT SØUVMPTZSFHMBTEFUSÈOTJUP GHVOL]DQWH
$PMPRVFVO&NCMFNBEF7FIÓDVMP-FOUP 4.7QPSTVTTJHMBT 5HWURFHGDHOPLQLFDUJDGRUPLHQWUDVVXEH
FOJOHMFT FOMBQBSUFUSBTFSBQBSBJOEJDBSRVFFMNJOJDBSHBEPSTF ODUDPSDSDUDPDQWHQHUODSDUWHPiV
FTUÈNPWJFOEPBVOBWFMPDJEBENFOPSEFNQI SHVDGDFXHVWDDUULED(VWRD\XGDDSUHYH
4FBQSFDBWJEPFOMBTJOUFSTFDDJPOFT1FSNJUBRVFMPTWFIÓDVMPT QLUYROFDGXUDV
RVFTFNVFWFOSÈQJEBNFOUFQBTFOQSJNFSP"TFHÞSFTFRVF &RQGX]FDKDFLDDGHODQWHDOEDMDUGHOD
UJFOFTVmDJFOUFUJFNQPQBSBQPEFSDSV[BSFOGPSNBTFHVSB TJO UDPSD
JOUFSSVNQJSFMnVKPEFMUSÈmDP 3RQJDHOIUHQRHQFDGHQH\EORTXHHHO
/PDPOEV[DBFOMBOPDIFBNFOPTRVFFMNJOJDBSHBEPSFTUÏ PLQLFDUJDGRUSDUDTXHQRVHPXHYD
FRVJQBEPDPOMVDFTEFBDVFSEPBMBTSFHMBTFYJHJEBTQPSMBTMFZFT GXUDQWHHOWUDQVSRUWH
FTUBUBMFT
6TFVOHVÓBDPOCBOEFSJOFTZDPOPTEFBEWFSUFODJBBMUBNFOUF
WJTJCMFTQBSBBMFSUBSBMUSÈmDPRVFJOHSFTBDVBOEPUSBCBKFDFSDB
EFVOBDBMMFQÞCMJDB$PMPRVFBMPTHVÓBTDPOCBOEFSJOFTZMPT
DPOPTDPOCBTUBOUFBOUFSJPSJEBEFOFMTJUJPEFUSBCBKPQBSBRVF %ORTXHHODVOODQWDV
MPTDPOEVDUPSFTUFOHBOTVmDJFOUFUJFNQPQBSBSFEVDJSMB
WFMPDJEBE
&MPQFSBSJPEFMNJOJDBSHBEPSEFEJSFDDJØOEFTMJ[BOUFZMPTHVÓBT
DPOCBOEFSJOFTEFCFOEFVTBSSPQBBMUBNFOUFWJTJCMFZ
SFnFDUBOUF
/PFTUBDJPOFFMNJOJDBSHBEPSFOVOBDBMMFQÞCMJDB&TUPDSFBVO
QFMJHSPQBSBVTUFEZMPTNPUPSJTUBT&TUBDJØOFTFMFKPTEFMBDBMMF
FOVOBTVQFSmDJFOJWFMBEBTJUJFOFRVFEFKBSFMNJOJDBSHBEPSFO
FMTJUJPEFUSBCBKP
3FWJTFFMNBOVBMEFMPQFSBSJPQBSBMFFSMBTJOTUSVDDJPOFTBOUFT
EFIBMBSFMNJOJDBSHBEPSFOVOSFNPMRVF
0ELIGROS !MBIENTALES ,ECCIÍN
7HQVLyQSRU&DORU
6TUFETFQVFEFFOGFSNBSHSBWFNFOUFPNPSJSTJOPUPNBMBTQSF
DBVDJPOFTBEFDVBEBTNJFOUSBTUSBCBKBBUFNQFSBUVSBTZIVNFEBE
BMUBT&MDBMPSQVFEFSFEVDJSFMEFTFNQF×PGÓTJDP BTÓDPNPBMUFS
BSMPNFOUBMNFOUF DBVTBOEPNÈTBDDJEFOUFT
+HFKRVVREUHHO&DORU
6TUFEFTNÈTQSPQFOTPBTVGSJSEFFOGFSNFEBEFTSFMBDJPOBEBT
DPOFMDBMPSFOMPTEÓBTNÈTIÞNFEPT
4JVTUFEOPFTUÈBDPTUVNCSBEPBUSBCBKBSFOFMDBMPS VTUFEFTUÈ
NÈTQSPQFOTPBTVGSJSFOGFSNFEBEFTSFMBDJPOBEBTDPOFMDBMPS
1VFEFUPNBSMFBTVDVFSQPFOUSFEÓBTBTFNBOBTQBSBBDMJ
NBUBSTFBUSBCBKBSFOFMDBMPS&TSFDPNFOEBCMFRVFMPT
FNQMFBEPTOVFWPTRVFDPNJFO[BOBUSBCBKBSFODMJNBTDBMJFO
UFTZIÞNFEPT FNQJFDFOBUSBCBKBSMBNJUBEEFMUJFNQPOPSNBM
ZMBNJUBEEFMBDBOUJEBEEFUSBCBKPFOFMQSJNFSEÓBFJSBV
NFOUBOEPMBTIPSBTIBTUBDPNQMFUBSUPEPVOEÓBEFUSBCBKPBM
mOBMEFMBTFNBOB
6TUFEFTNÈTWVMOFSBCMFBTVGSJSEFFOGFSNFEBEFTSFMBDJPOBEBT
DPOFMDBMPSTJZBIBTVGSJEPFOFMQBTBEP
%VSBOUFFMDVSTPEFMEÓBVTUFEQVFEFQSPEVDJSIBTUBP
HBMPOFTEFTVEPS3FQPOHBFTUFnVJEPUPNBOEPMÓRVJEPT BTÓ
OPTVGSJSÈEFFOGFSNFEBEFTSFMBDJPOBEBTDPOFMDBMPS
6tQWRPDVGHO$JRWDPLHQWR 4Xp+DFHUVL$OJXLHQ6XIUHGH(QIHUPHGDGHV
SRU&DORU 5HODFLRQDGDVFRQHO&DORU
&MBHPUBNJFOUPQPSDBMPSFTVOBFOGFSNF 4JBMHVJFOTFTJFOUFTPCSFDBMFOUBEP NVÏWBMPBVOÈSFBGSFTDB
EBETFSJBZOFDFTJUBUSBUBSTFJONFEJBUB QSFGFSJCMFNFOUFDPOBJSFBDPOEJDJPOBEP0CTFSWFBMBQFSTPOBZ
NFOUFBOUFTEFRVFPDVSSBVOBUBRVFQPS CVTRVFBZVEBNÏEJDBTJGVFSBOFDFTBSJB
JOTPMBDJØO4JVTUFEPVODPNQB×FSPEF 7FOUJMFBMBQFSTPOBQBSBJODSFNFOUBSMBGSFTDVSB
USBCBKPUJFOFODVBMRVJFSBEFMPTTÓOUPNBT %ÏMFEFUPNBSBMBQFSTPOBCBTUBOUFTMÓRVJEPT
TJHVJFOUFT FOGSÓFTFJONFEJBUBNFOUFZUPNF 4JMBQFSTPOBDPNJFO[BBDPOWVMTJPOBSPEBNVFTUSBEFTÓOUPNBT
BHVBFOBCVOEBODJB EFBUBRVFQPSJOTPMBDJØO NØKFMFMBSPQBDPOBHVBGSÓBZQJEB
.BSFPT BZVEBJONFEJBUBNFOUF
-FWFTFOTBDJØOEFEFTNBZP
%PMPSEFDBCF[B (YLWHODV(QIHUPHGDGHV5HODFLRQDGDVFRQHO&DORU
4FTJFOUFEÏCJM GBUJHBEP &TJNQPSUBOUFNBOUFOFSTFIJESBUBEPZGSFTDPNJFOUSBTUSBCBKB
1JFMGSÓBZIÞNFEB BGVFSB
#FCBBHVBNVZTFHVJEPEVSBOUFFMEÓBOPFTQFSFBFTUBS
6tQWRPDVGH$WDTXHSRU,QVRODFLyQ TFEJFOUPQBSBUPNBSVOBCFCJEB1PSMPNFOPTVODVBSUPEF
&MBUBRVFQPSJOTPMBDJØOFTVOBFNFSHFO HBMØOEFBHVBQPSIPSBFTSFDPNFOEBEP
DJBNÏEJDBRVFQVFEFSFTVMUBSNPSUBM4J "MÏKFTFEFMBTCFCJEBTHBTFPTBT DBGÏ UÏZMBTCFCJEBTBMDPIØMJDBT
BMHVJFOFYQFSJNFOUBMPTTJHVJFOUFTTÓOUP RVFEFTIJESBUBOFMDVFSQP
NBTEFBUBRVFQPSJOTPMBDJØO MMBNFBM &WJUFHSBOEFTDPNJEBTBOUFTEFUSBCBKBSFOFMDBMPS
JONFEJBUBNFOUF "MHVOBTSFDFUBTNÏEJDBTQVFEFOIBDFSMPNÈTTVTDFQUJCMFBMBT
1JFMTPOSPKBEB DBMJFOUFZTFDB TJOTVEPS FOGFSNFEBEFTSFMBDJPOBEBTDPOFMDBMPS3FWJTFDPOTVEPDUPSP
%FTPSJFOUBDJØO GBSNBDÏVUJDPTJBMHVOBNFEJDJOBRVFVTUFEFTUÈUPNBOEP
$POGVTJØO QVEJFTFBGFDUBSMFNJFOUSBTUSBCBKBFOFMDBMPS
5FNQFSBUVSBDPSQPSBMBSSJCBEF' 7JTUBSPQBMJWJBOB DPNPBMHPEØO QBSBBZVEBSBNBOUFOFSTV
$POWVMTJPOFT DVFSQPGSFTDP
*ODPOTDJFODJB 6TFVOBHPSSBPWJTFSBQBSBFMTPMFOEÓBTTPMFBEPTQBSBBZVEBSB
DPOUSPMBSMBUFNQFSBUVSBEFTVDVFSQP
1MBOFFIBDFSMPNÈTQFTBEPEFMUSBCBKPFOMBQBSUFNÈTGSFTDB
EFMEÓB&TUBFTVTVBMNFOUFFOUSFMBTBNZMBTBN
5PNFEFTDBOTPTDPSUPTGSFDVFOUFTFOÈSFBTTPNCSFBEBTQBSB
NBOUFOFSTFGSFTDP
/PUPNFUBCMFUBTEFTBM BNFOPTRVFTFBOSFDPNFOEBEBTQPS
TVEPDUPS.VDIBHFOUFSFDJCFTVmDJFOUFTBMEFTVEJFUBQBSB
CBMBODFBSMBTBMRVFTFQJFSEFQPSFMTVEPS
([SRVLFLyQDO6RO
-BFYQPTJDJØOQSPMPOHBEBBMTPMDBVTBDÈODFSFOMBQJFM DBUBSBUBTZ
PUSBTFOGFSNFEBEFTTFSJBT
&MJKBVOmMUSPTPMBSRVFJOEJRVFRVFFTEFBNQMJBDPCFSUVSB
&TUFMPQSPUFHFSÈEFBNCPT MPTSBZPT67"ZMPT67#
"TFHÞSFTFRVFUFOHBFM'BDUPSEF1SPUFDDJØO4PMBS 41' BM
NFOPTEF
6TFVOBHPSSBPWJTFSBQBSBFMTPM BOUFPKPTEFTPM QBOUBMPOFT
ZDBNJTBTMJWJBOBTEFNBOHBMBSHBFOEÓBTTPMFBEPTQBSBBZVEBSB
DPOUSPMBSMBUFNQFSBUVSBEFTVDVFSQPZCMPRVFBSFMTPM
3UHFDXFLRQHV&RQWUD/RV5D\RV +HFKRVVREUHORV5D\RV
-PTSBZPTNBUBOZMFTJPOBOBDJFOUPTEFQFSTPOBTDBEBB×P4JHB
a
FTUBTQSFDBVDJPOFTQBSBBZVEBSMPBNBOUFOFSTFTFHVSPDVBOEPIBZB 8QDSHUVRQDDTXLHQOHFDHXQ
UD\R12UHWLHQHFDUJDHOpFWULFD
NBMDMJNB TXHSXHGDSDVDUOHDXVWHG
5BOQSPOUPDPNPPJHBVOUSVFOP BQBHVFZHVBSEFFMFRVJQPZ
a
/RVUD\RVSXHGHQH[WHQGHUVH
WÈZBTFQBSBBEFOUSP MFKPTEFMBUPSNFOUB4JVTUFEQVFEFPÓS KDVWDSLHVGHVSXpVGHFDHUDO
USVFOPT MFQVFEFDBFSVOSBZP-PTSBZPTQVFEFODBFSBVOTJOP VXHOR
FTUÈMMPWJFOEP
a
/RVUD\RVSXHGHQYLDMDUDXQD
-BDBCJOBEFVOWFIÓDVMPDFSSBEPQSPWFFDJFSUBQSPUFDDJØO YHORFLGDGGHPSK
DPOUSBMPTSBZPTQFSPVOFEJmDJPFTUBCMFQSPWFFMBNFKPS
a
/DWHPSHUDWXUDGHXQUD\RR
QSPUFDDJØO UHOiPSDJRSXHGHVHUKDVWDGH
0JHBMBSBEJPQBSBFTDVDIBSBDUVBMJ[BDJPOFTEFMFTUBEPEFMDMJNB )
ZBEWFSUFODJBTBDFSDBEFMBTUPSNFOUBT
a
8QUD\RVL38('(FDHUHQHO
PLVPRVLWLRGRVYHFHV
6L8VWHG1R3XHGH&XEULUVH$GHQWUR
7BZBBVOMVHBSCBKP-PTSBZPTDBFOFOMPTPCKFUPTNÈTBMUPT
"HÈDIFTFTPCSFMBTQMBOUBTEFTVTQJFT1POHBTVTNBOPTFOTVT
SPEJMMBTZCBKFTVDBCF[BFOUSFTVTSPEJMMBT
.JOJNJDFFMDPOUBDUPDPOFMTVFMP
/PTFBDVFTUFBMPMBSHPTPCSFFMTVFMP&TUPMPIBSÈVOCMBODP
NÈTHSBOEF
$OpMHVHGH
«SCPMFTZUPSSFTHSBOEFTZTPMJUBSJBT UPSSFT CBSEBT QPTUFTEF
UFMÏGPOPZDBCMFTFMÏDUSJDPT
3ÓPT MBHPT BMCFSDBTZPUSPTDVFSQPTEFBHVB
0CKFUPTEFNFUBM IFSSBNJFOUBT FRVJQP CBSEBTEFNFUBMZ
TPNCSJMMBT
6LD$OJXLHQOH&DHXQ5D\R
-MBNFBM
3FWJTFTJFTUÈSFTQJSBOEP2VJ[ÈTTFBOFDFTBSJBMBSFTQJSBDJØOEF
SFTDBUFP$13
3FWJTFTJIBZRVFNBEVSBTFOFMDVFSQP
.VFWBBMBWÓDUJNBBEFOUSP MFKPTEFMBUPSNFOUB
/PUB-BNBZPSÓBEFWÓDUJNBTEFSBZPTTPCSFWJWFODPO
USBUBNJFOUPEFSFTQJSBDJØOEFSFTDBUFJONFEJBUPP$13
4Xp+DFHU6L$OJXLHQ(VWi +HULGDVR(QIHUPHGDGHV,QGXFLGDV
6XIULHQGRGHXQD+HULGDR
(QIHUPHGDG,QGXFLGDSRUHO)UtR SRUHO)UtR
.VFWBBMBQFSTPOBGVFSBEFMGSÓPZ
-BFYQPTJDJØOQSPMPOHBEBBUFNQFSBUVSBTIFMBEBTQVFEFUFOFS
EFOUSPEFVOÈSFBRVFFTUÈUJCJBZTFDB DPNPSFTVMUBEPIFSJEBTZFOGFSNFEBEFTJOEVDJEBTQPSFMGSÓPRVF
2VÓUFMFMBSPQBNPKBEBZBQSFUBEBZ
QVFEFOMFTJPOBSMPHSBWFNFOUFPNBUBSMP
DVCSBBMBQFSTPOBDPOVOBNBOUB
/VODBGSPUFFMÈSFBBGFDUBEB&TUP
-BTUFNQFSBUVSBTGSÓBTSFEVDFOMBIBCJMJEBEEFFTUBSBMFSUBNFOUBM
DBVTBSÈEB×PBEJDJPOBMBMBQJFMZFM NFOUFZDBVTBOGBUJHBZBHPUBNJFOUPRVFQVFEFOQSPWPDBSBDDJEFO
UFKJEP UFT
#VTRVFBUFODJØONÏEJDB
&RQJHODPLHQWR
JONFEJBUBNFOUF
&MDPOHFMBNJFOUPPDVSSFDVBOEPQBSUFTEFMDVFSQPMMFHBOBFTUBS
UBOGSÓBTRVFMBQJFMZMPTUFKJEPTTFDPOHFMBO&MDPOHFMBNJFOUP
PDVSSFOPSNBMNFOUFFOMBTPSFKBT MBOBSJ[ MPTEFEPT MBTNBOPT
ZMPTQJFTVPUSBTQBSUFTEFMDVFSQPRVFTFEFKBOEFTUBQBEBTFO
UFNQFSBUVSBTRVFDBFOEFCBKPEFMQVOUPEFDPOHFMBDJØO-BQJFM
DPOHFMBEBMMFHBBFOUVNFDFSTFZUPSOBSTFEFVODPMPSCMBODPQÈMJEP
+LSRWHUPLD
-BIJQPUFSNJBPDVSSFDVBOEPMBUFNQFSBUVSBDPSQPSBMEFVOBQFS
TPOBDBFBMPT'PNFOPT-PTTÓOUPNBTDPNVOFTJODMVZFOQJFM
EFDPMPSB[VMBEB UJSJUBSJODPOUSPMBCMFNFOUFZTPNOPMFODJBPGBUJHB
(YLWHODV+HULGDVR(QIHUPHGDGHV,QGXFLGDVSRUHO)UtR
6TFWBSJBTDBQBTEFSPQBBMUSBCBKBSFOUFNQFSBUVSBTGSÓBTVTUFE
QVFEFGÈDJMNFOUFRVJUBSTFMBTDBQBTEFSPQBTJTJFOUFEFNBTJBEP
DBMPS
6TFTPNCSFSPZHVBOUFT
.BOUFOHBTVTNÞTDVMPTUJCJPTZnPKPTNPWJÏOEPTFUBOUPDPNP
MFTFBQPTJCMF
5PNFEFTDBOTPTDPSUPTGSFDVFOUFTFOÈSFBTDBMVSPTBT
3FBMJDFTVUSBCBKPFOMBQBSUFNÈTDBMVSPTBEFMEÓB RVFFT
UÓQJDBNFOUFQPSMBUBSEF
/VODBUSBCBKFTPMP
0RUGHGXUDVGH6HUSLHQWHV
4JMPNVFSEFVOBTFSQJFOUF CVTRVFBUFODJØONÏEJDBJONFEJBUB
NFOUFZUSBUFEFEFTDSJCJSFMUBNB×PZFMDPMPSEFMBTFSQJFOUFBM
NÏEJDP&TUPQVFEFBZVEBSBMNÏEJDPBEFUFSNJOBSTJMBTFSQJFOUF
FSBWFOFOPTBPOP
/VODBDPSUF DIVQFOJBQMJRVFCPMTBTGSÓBTBMBTNPSEFEVSBTEF
TFSQJFOUF
0DPtIHURV
&TUÏDPOTDJFOUFEFBOJNBMFTUBMFTDPNPBSEJMMBTPNVSDJÏMBHPTRVF
QVFEBOFTUBSFOÈSCPMFTPBSCVTUPTZQVFEBOBTVTUBSMPNJFOUSBT
SFBMJDFTVUSBCBKP5BNCJÏO UFOHBDBVUFMBDPOBOJNBMFTUBMFTDPNP
SBUBT NPGFUBTZNBQBDIFTRVFQPESÓBOFTUBSSBCJPTPT
3LFDGXUDVGH,QVHFWRV
-BTQJDBEVSBTEFJOTFDUPTQVFEFOTFSUSBUBEBTTJOBUFODJØONÏEJDBB
NFOPTRVFMBQFSTPOBTVGSBVOBSFBDDJØOBMÏSHJDB
&MQSJNFSQBTPQBSBUSBUBSVOBQJDBEVSBEFJOTFDUPFTRVJUBSFMBHVJ
KØO&TUPQVFEFSFBMJ[BSTFVUJMJ[BOEPVOPCKFUPDPOVOBPSJMMBSFDUB
QBSBSBTQBSZSFNPWFSFMBHVJKØOPVUJMJ[BOEPQJO[BTQBSBFYUSBFSMP
4JFTDPHFVUJMJ[BSQJO[BTQBSBRVJUBSFMBHVJKØO VUJMJDFFYUSFNPDVJ
EBEPQBSBOPSPNQFSMBCPMTBEFMWFOFOPRVFTPCSFTBMF
%FTQVÏTRVFFMBHVJKØOTFIBSFNPWJEP VOBCPMTBGSÓBTFQVFEF
VUJMJ[BSEVSBOUFMBTQSJNFSBTIPSBTQBSBTVQSJNJSFMEPMPSZMB
IJODIB[ØO%FTQVÏTEFMBTQSJNFSBTIPSBT TFEFCFBQMJDBSDBMPS
TJFMEPMPSPMBIJODIB[ØOQFSTJTUFO
2VJFOFTUFOHBOTFWFSBTBMFSHJBTBQJDBEVSBTEFJOTFDUPTEFCFOEF
DPOTVMUBSBVONÏEJDPQBSBMMFWBSDPOTJHPVOCPUJRVÓONÏEJDPDPO
QSFTDSJQDJØO&MCPUJRVÓODPOUJFOFNFEJDBNFOUPTFJOTUSVDDJPOFT
QBSBTFSVTBEPTTJMBQFSTPOBFTQJDBEB4JTFVTBFMCPUJRVÓO MB
WÓDUJNBUBNCJÏOEFCFSÈSFDJCJSBUFODJØONÏEJDB-MBNFQBSBQFEJS
BZVEBPMMÏWFMBBMIPTQJUBMNÈTDFSDBOP
+LHGUD9HQHQRVD5REOH9HQHQRVR\
=XPDTXH
-BWFFMÈSFBBGFDUBEBZUPEBMBSPQBZMBTIFSSBNJFOUBTRVF
QVFEBOIBCFSUPDBEPMBQMBOUB
&WJUFSBTDBSFMÈSFBTJFTQPTJCMF QBSBQSFWFOJSMBJOGFDDJØO
4FQVFEFOVUJMJ[BSDPNQSFTBTDBMJFOUFTZGSÓBTQBSBTVQSJNJSMB
QJDB[ØO
$POTVMUFBVONÏEJDPTJFMTBSQVMMJEPFTUÈFOMBDBSB EFOUSPEF
MBCPDBPDVCSFVOBQPSDJØOHSBOEFEFMDVFSQP
+LHGUD9HQHQRVD
/DVKRMDVVHHQFXHQWUDQ
JHQHUDOPHQWHHQJUXSRVGHWUHV
7UDWDQGRODV&RUWDGDV\4XHPDGXUDV
-BTDPSUBEBTZRVFNBEVSBTNFOPSFTQVFEFOTFSUSBUBEBTFOFMTJUJP
EFUSBCBKP#VTRVFBZVEBNÏEJDBDVBOEP
-BTDPSUBEBTFTUÏOTBOHSBOEPTFWFSBNFOUF UJFOFONÈTEF
NFEJBQVMHBEBEFMBSHPZVODVBSUPEFQVMHBEBEFQSPGVOEJ
EBE PTPOFMSFTVMUBEPEFVOBIFSJEBQFSGPSBEB
&MÈSFBRVFNBEBDVCSFNÈTEFMBRVJOUBQBSUFEFMDVFSQPZ
UJFOFBNQPMMBT PDVBOEPMBTBNQPMMBTPDVSSFOFOMBTNBOPT
QJFT DBSBPHFOJUBMFT PDVBOEPMBQJFMFTUÈOFHSBPDBSCPOJ[BEB
7UDWDQGRODV&RUWDGDV
-JNQJFFMÈSFBDPNQMFUBNFOUF
3FNVFWBDVBMRVJFSSFTJEVPEFMBIFSJEB
"QMJRVFQSFTJØOBMBIFSJEBVTBOEPHBTBPVOBUFMBMJNQJBBCTPS
CFOUFIBTUBRVFQBSFFMTBOHSBEP4JMBTBOHSFQBTBBUSBWÏTEFMB
UFMB OPMBSFNVFWB DPOUJOÞFBHSFHBOEPHBTBPUFMBIBTUBDVCSJS
MBBOUFSJPS
"QMJRVFVOVOHàFOUPBOUJCJØUJDPZDÞCSBMPDPOVOBWFOEBP
HBTBMJNQJB
1FSNJUBRVFMBIFSJEBTFTBOFZDBNCJFMBWFOEBPHBTB
GSFDVFOUFNFOUFQBSBFWJUBSRVFMBUJFSSBDSFFVOBJOGFDDJØO
4JIBTJEPBNQVUBEBVOBFYUSFNJEBEEFMDVFSQP FMÏWFMB
NJFOUSBTBQMJDBQSFTJØOEJSFDUBZMMBNFBM
7UDWDQGRODV4XHPDGXUDV
3FGSFTRVFMBRVFNBEVSBDPMPDÈOEPMBCBKPVOHSJGPEFBHVBGSÓB
PFOVOSFDJQJFOUFEFBHVBGSÓBQPSMPNFOPTEVSBOUF
NJOVUPT
$VCSBFMÈSFBDPOHBTBPUFMBMJNQJB
1FSNJUBRVFMBRVFNBEVSBTFTBOFZDBNCJFMBHBTB
GSFDVFOUFNFOUFQBSBFWJUBSRVFMBUJFSSBDSFFVOBJOGFDDJØO
4JIBZBNQPMMBT OPMBTSPNQB$ÞCSBMBTDPOHBTBZQFSNJUBRVF
TFSPNQBOTPMBT
&RQWHQLGRGHXQ%RWLTXtQGH3ULPHURV
$X[LOLRV
4FHVJEBNFOUFIBZVOBMJTUBEFMPTSFRVFSJNJFOUPTNÓOJNPTQBSB
MPTCPUJRVJOFTEFQSJNFSPTBVYJMJPTQBSBMVHBSFTEFUSBCBKPDPNPMP
JOEJDBFM&TUÈOEBS"/4*;
WFOEBTEFDPNQSFTJØOBCTPSCFOUFT
WFOEBTBEIFTJWBT
DJOUBBEIFTJWB
BQMJDBDJPOFTJOEJWJEVBMFTEFBOUJTÏQUJDPT
BQMJDBDJPOFTJOEJWJEVBMFTEFUSBUBNJFOUPQBSBRVFNBEVSBT
HVBOUFTQBSBFYBNJOBSTJOMÈUFY
BMNPIBEJMMBTFTUÏSJMFT
WFOEBTUSJBOHVMBSFT
"/4*;FTQVCMJDBEPQPSMB"TPDJBDJØO*OUFSOBDJPOBMEF4BMVE
"SMJOHUPO 7"XXXTBGFUZFRVJQNFOUPSH6TBEPDPOBVUPSJ[BDJØO
MOTOVOLQUETE
(DUMPER)