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PROBLEMA Nº1
𝑘𝑔
Se desea condensar 655 [ ] de amoniaco que están a 42º𝐶 y 15𝑎𝑡𝑚 utilizando agua que entra a
ℎ
32º𝐶 y sale a 37º𝐶. Diseñe el condensador necesario.
𝑚̇𝑐
𝑇𝑐𝑠 = 37º𝐶
𝑥=𝐿
𝑘𝑔
𝑚̇ℎ = 655 [ ]
ℎ
𝑇𝑣 = 42º𝐶 𝐿
𝑘𝑔
𝑚̇𝐿 = 655 [ ]
ℎ
𝑇𝐿 = 42º𝐶
𝑥=0
𝑚̇𝑐
𝑇𝑐𝑒 = 32º𝐶
SOLUCIÓN:
𝑘𝑔 𝐽 𝑊 𝑘𝑔
𝜌𝑐 = 994 [ 3 ] ; 𝑐𝑝𝑐 = 4178 [ ] ; 𝑘𝑐 = 0,623 [ ] ; 𝜇𝑐 = 0,720 ∙ 10−3 [ ] ; 𝑃𝑟
𝑚 𝑘𝑔º𝐶 𝑚º𝐶 𝑚𝑠
= 4,93
𝑇𝑣 = 42º𝐶
𝑄̇𝑣 = 𝑄̇𝐶 → 𝑄̇𝑣 = 𝑚̇𝑣 𝜆| 𝑇𝑣 ; 𝑄̇𝑐 = 𝑚̇𝑐 𝐶𝑝𝑐 (𝑇𝑐𝑠 − 𝑇𝑐𝑒 ) → 𝑚̇𝑣 𝜆| 𝑇𝑣 = 𝑚̇𝑐 𝐶𝑝𝑐 (𝑇𝑐𝑠 − 𝑇𝑐𝑒 )
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽 1ℎ
𝑚̇𝑣 𝜆| 𝑇𝑣 655 [ ] ∙ 1089,4 [ ] ∙ 𝑘𝑔
ℎ 𝑘𝑔 3600[𝑠]
𝑚̇𝑐 = = = 9,488 [ ]
𝐶𝑝𝑐 (𝑇𝑐𝑠 − 𝑇𝑐𝑒 ) 𝑘𝐽 𝑠
4,178 [ ] ∙ (37º𝐶 − 32º𝐶)
𝑘𝑔º𝐶
𝑘𝑔 1ℎ 𝑘𝑔
𝑚̇𝑣 = 655 [ ] ∙ [ ] = 0,1819 [ ]
ℎ 3600[𝑠] 𝑠
̅ (APENDICE 20 –
iii) Determinamos de tablas el coeficiente global de transferencia de calor 𝑈
Eduardo Cao):
CONDENSACIÓN
𝑊
Fluido caliente Fluido frio ̅[=] [
𝑈 ]
𝑚2 º𝐶
Solventes orgánicos
saturados a presión Agua 550 − 1100
atmosférica
𝑊
̅ = 800 [
𝑈 ]
𝑚2 º𝐶
∆𝑇|𝑥=0 − ∆𝑇|𝑥=𝐿
𝐷𝑀𝑇𝐿 = "𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑒𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒"
∆𝑇|𝑥=0
ln ( )
∆𝑇|𝑥=𝐿
̅𝐴𝐷𝑀𝑇𝐿
𝑚̇𝑐 𝐶𝑝𝑐 (𝑇𝑐𝑠 − 𝑇𝑐𝑒 ) = 𝑈
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽 103
𝑚̇𝑐 𝐶𝑝𝑐 (𝑇𝑐𝑠 − 𝑇𝑐𝑒 ) 9,488 [ 𝑠 ] ∙ 4,178 [𝑘𝑔º𝐶 ] ∙ (37º𝐶 − 32º𝐶) ∙ 𝑘
𝐴= = = 34,35[𝑚2 ]
̅𝐷𝑀𝑇𝐿
𝑈 𝑊
800 [ 2 ] ∙ 7,213º𝐶
𝑚 º𝐶
v) Determinamos la configuración del sistema, distribución de los tubos y tipo de BWG (TABLA
Nº9 – DONALD KERN).
𝐷𝑖
𝐶
Arreglo triangular
𝐷𝑖0
TABLA Nº9
𝑃𝑡 DONALD KERN
1
1" 𝐷𝐸 , 𝐴𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑙𝑜 𝑇𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 1 𝑝𝑙𝑔 ; 𝐵𝑊𝐺 − 14
4
𝐷𝑖0 = 0,0254[𝑚]
𝐵𝑊𝐺 − 14 (𝐸𝑑𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑜 𝐶𝑎𝑜 − 𝐴𝑃𝐸𝑁𝐷𝐼𝐶𝐸 7) → {
𝐷𝑖 = 0,0211[𝑚]
1 5 2,54[𝑐𝑚] 1[𝑚]
𝑃𝑡 = 1 𝑝𝑙𝑔 = 𝑝𝑙𝑔 ∙ ∙ = 0,03175[𝑚]
4 4 1𝑝𝑙𝑔 100[𝑐𝑚]
𝐴 34,35[𝑚2 ]
𝑛𝑡 = = = 86 𝑡𝑢𝑏𝑜𝑠
𝐴𝑖 0,39898[𝑚2 ]
De la TABLA 9 del libro Donald Kern leemos el número de tubos 𝑛𝑡 más cercano y el número de
pasos en los tubos:
1
𝑛𝑡 (𝑇𝐴𝐵𝐿𝐴𝑆) = 86 ; 𝑛𝑝 = 2 𝑝𝑎𝑠𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑡𝑢𝑏𝑜𝑠 ; 𝐷𝑠 = 15 𝑝𝑙𝑔 = 0,38735[𝑚]
4
𝑚̇𝑐 𝑚̇𝑐
𝑚̇𝑣
𝑇𝑣 = 40º𝐶
𝑚̇𝑣
𝑇𝑣 = 40º𝐶
̅𝐴𝐷𝑀𝑇𝐿
𝑚̇𝑐 𝐶𝑝𝑐 (𝑇𝑐𝑠 − 𝑇𝑐𝑒 ) = 𝑈
𝐿 5[𝑚]
𝑁𝐵 = −1 ; 𝐵 = 𝐷𝑠 → 𝑁𝐵 = − 1 = 12 𝐷𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠
𝐵 0,38735[𝑚]
𝑛𝑡 ′ 86 𝜋 𝑚̇𝑐
𝑎𝑡 = 𝑎𝑡= ∙ (0,0211[𝑚])2 = 0,015036[𝑚2 ] → 𝐺𝑡̇ =
𝑛𝑝 2 4 𝑎𝑡
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
𝑚̇𝑐 9,488 [ ] 𝑘𝑔 𝐺𝑡̇ 631,032 [ 2 ]
𝑠 𝑚 𝑠
𝐺𝑡̇ = = = 631,032 [ 2 ] → 𝑣𝑐 = =
𝑎𝑡 0,015036[𝑚 ]2 𝑚 𝑠 𝜌𝑐 𝑘𝑔
994 [ 3 ]
𝑚
𝑚
𝑣𝑐 = 0,63484 [ ]
𝑠
𝑘𝑔 𝑚
𝜌𝑐 𝑣𝑐 𝐷𝑒𝑞 𝜌𝑐 𝑣𝑐 𝐷𝑖 994 [𝑚3 ] ∙ 0,63484 [ 𝑠 ] ∙ 0,0211[𝑚]
𝑅𝑒𝑐 = = = = 1,849 ∙ 104
𝜇𝑐 𝜇𝑐 𝑘𝑔
0,720 ∙ 10−3 [ ]
𝑚𝑠
✓ Para régimen de escurrimiento laminar (𝑅𝑒 < 2300) , según Sieder y Tate:
𝑣 0,8
ℎ𝑐𝑖 = 1423 ∙ (1 + 0,0146𝑇̅)
𝐷𝑒𝑞 0,2
𝑊 𝑚
ℎ𝑐𝑖 [=] [ ] ; 𝑇̅ [=][º𝐶] ; 𝑣 [=] [ ] ; 𝐷𝑒𝑞 [=][𝑚]
𝑚2 º𝐶 𝑠
𝑣 0,8
𝑅𝑒𝑐 = 1,849 ∙ 104 → ℎ𝑐𝑖 = 1423 ∙ (1 + 0,0146𝑇̅ )
𝐷𝑒𝑞 0,2
𝑚 0,8
32º𝐶 + 37º𝐶 (0,63484 [ 𝑠 ]) 𝑊
ℎ𝑐𝑖 = 1423 ∙ (1 + 0,0146 ( )) = 3218,4075 [ 2 ]
2 (0,0211[𝑚])0,2 𝑚 º𝐶
𝑊
𝐷𝑖 ℎ𝑐𝑖 0,0211[𝑚] ∙ 3218,4075 [𝑚2 º𝐶 ] 𝑊
𝐷𝑖 ℎ𝑐𝑖 = 𝐷𝑖0 ℎ𝑐𝑖0 → ℎ𝑐𝑖0 = = = 2673,55 [ 2 ]
𝐷𝑖0 0,0254[𝑚] 𝑚 º𝐶
𝐷𝑖
𝐶
𝐷𝑖0
𝑃𝑡
𝐷𝑠 ∙ 𝐶 ∙ 𝐵 𝐷𝑖0
𝑎𝑠 = ; 𝑃𝑡 = 2 +𝐶 → 𝐶 = 𝑃𝑡 − 𝐷𝑖0 = 0,03175[𝑚] − 0,0254[𝑚]
𝑃𝑡 2
𝐿 𝐿 5[𝑚]
𝐶 = 0,00635[𝑚] ; 𝑁𝐵 = − 1 = 12 → 𝐵= = = 0,3846[𝑚]
𝐵 12 + 1 12 + 1
𝑘𝑔
𝑚̇𝑣 0,1819 [ ] 𝑘𝑔
𝑠
𝐺̇𝑠 = = = 6,1061 [ 2 ]
𝑎𝑠 0,02979[𝑚2 ] 𝑚 𝑠
𝑊
ℎ𝑐0 (𝑇𝑣 − 𝑇𝑊 ) = ℎ𝑐𝑖0 (𝑇𝑊 − 𝑇̅𝑐 ) → ℎ𝑐0 ∙ (42º𝐶 − 𝑇𝑊 ) = 2673,55 [ 2 ] ∙ (𝑇𝑊 − 34,5º𝐶)
𝑚 º𝐶
Como en la ecuación se necesita ℎ𝑐0 debemos de obtener ese valor del APENDICE 20 (Eduardo
Cao).
𝑊 𝑊
ℎ𝑐0 = (2500 − 5000) [ ] → ℎ𝑐0 = 5000 [ ]
𝑚2 º𝐶 𝑚2 º𝐶
𝑊 𝑊
5000 [ 2
] ∙ (42º𝐶 − 𝑇𝑊 ) = 2673,55 [ 2 ] ∙ (𝑇𝑊 − 34,5º𝐶)
𝑚 º𝐶 𝑚 º𝐶
MECANISMOS DE TRANSFERENCIA DE CALOR ROGER ULURI YANA
P á g i n a |8
𝑇𝑊 = 39,39[º𝐶]
Determinamos la temperatura de película 𝑇𝑓 para evaluar las propiedades físicas del condensado:
3 3
𝑇𝑓 = 𝑇𝑣 − (𝑇𝑣 − 𝑇𝑊 ) = 42º𝐶 − (42º𝐶 − 39,39º𝐶) = 40,04º𝐶
4 4
𝑘𝑔 𝐽 𝑊 𝑘𝑔
𝜌𝑓 = 579,4 [ ] ; 𝑐𝑝𝑓 = 4932 [ ] ; 𝑘𝑓 = 0,4464 [ ] ; 𝜇𝑓 = 1,219 ∙ 10−4 [ ]
𝑚3 𝑘𝑔º𝐶 𝑚º𝐶 𝑚𝑠
𝑃𝑟𝑓 = 1,347
𝑘𝑔
𝑚̇𝑣 0,1819 [ 𝑠 ] 𝑘𝑔
𝑤̇ 𝑓 = = = 2,115 ∙ 10−3 [ ]
𝑛𝑡 86 𝑠
𝑘𝑔
𝑤̇ 𝑓 2,115 ∙ 10−3 [ ] 𝑘𝑔
𝑠
Γ= = = 2,6505 ∙ 10−2 [ ]
𝜋𝐷𝑖0 𝜋 ∙ 0,0254[𝑚] 𝑚𝑠
𝑘𝑔
Γ 2,6505 ∙ 10−2 [ ]
𝑚𝑠
𝑅𝑒𝑓 = = = 217,43
𝜇𝑓 𝑘𝑔
1,219 ∙ 10−4 [ ]
𝑚𝑠
𝑅𝑒𝑓 < 525 (𝑅𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑟) ; 𝑅𝑒𝑓 > 525 (𝑅𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜)
0,33
𝑘𝑔 2 𝑚
ℎ𝑐0 𝐿 𝐿3 𝜌2 𝑔
0,33 (5[𝑚])3 ∙ (579,4 [ ]) ∙ 9,81 [ 2 ]
𝑚3 𝑠
= 1,18 ( ) = 1,18
𝑘𝑓 𝜇Γ 𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
1,219 ∙ 10−4 [ ] ∙ 2,6505 ∙ 10−2 [ ]
( 𝑚𝑠 𝑚𝑠 )
1 1 1
= + + 𝑅𝑓𝑖 + 𝑅𝑓0
𝑈𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑜 ℎ𝑐𝑖0 ℎ𝑐0
𝑚2 º𝐶 𝑚2 º𝐶
𝑅𝑓𝑖 = 3,44 ∙ 10−4 [ ] ; 𝑅𝑓0 = 1,433 ∙ 10−4 [ ]
𝑊 𝑊
1
𝑈𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑜 =
1 1
+ + 𝑅𝑓𝑖 + 𝑅𝑓0
ℎ𝑐𝑖0 ℎ𝑐0
1
𝑈𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑜 =
1 1 𝑚2 º𝐶 𝑚2 º𝐶
𝑊 + 𝑊 + 3,44 ∙ 10−4 [ ] + 1,433 ∙ 10−4 [ ]
𝑊 𝑊
2673,55 [ 2 ] 4757,224 [ 2 ]
𝑚 º𝐶 𝑚 º𝐶
𝑚2 º𝐶
𝑈𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑜 = 943,966 [ ]
𝑊
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽 103
𝑚̇𝑐 𝐶𝑝𝑐 (𝑇𝑐𝑠 − 𝑇𝑐𝑒 ) 9,488 [ 𝑠 ] ∙ 4,178 [𝑘𝑔º𝐶 ] ∙ (37º𝐶 − 32º𝐶) ∙ 𝑘
𝐴= = = 29,11[𝑚2 ]
𝑈𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑜 ∙ 𝐷𝑀𝑇𝐿 𝑚2 º𝐶
943,966 [ ] ∙ 7,213º𝐶
𝑊
𝐴 29,11[𝑚2 ]
𝑛𝑡 = = = 73 𝑡𝑢𝑏𝑜𝑠
𝐴𝑖 0,39898[𝑚2 ]
MECANISMOS DE TRANSFERENCIA DE CALOR ROGER ULURI YANA
P á g i n a | 10
Determinamos el excedente de área:
86 − 73
% 𝑑𝑒 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑜 = ( ) ∙ 100% = 15,12%
86
𝜌𝑐 𝑣𝑐 2 𝐿𝑛𝑝 𝑣𝑐 2
𝛥𝑃𝑖 = 𝛥𝑃𝑡 + 𝛥𝑃𝑟 ; 𝛥𝑃𝑡 = 𝑓 ; 𝛥𝑃𝑟 = 4𝑛𝑝 𝜌𝑐
2𝐷𝑖 2
𝑘𝑔 𝑚
𝜌𝑐 𝑣𝑐 𝐷𝑒𝑞 𝜌𝑐 𝑣𝑐 𝐷𝑖 994 [𝑚3 ] ∙ 0,63484 [ 𝑠 ] ∙ 0,0211[𝑚]
𝑅𝑒𝑐 = = = = 1,849 ∙ 104
𝜇𝑐 𝜇𝑐 −3 𝑘𝑔
0,720 ∙ 10 [ ]
𝑚𝑠
0,125 0,125
𝑓 = 0,00140 + = 0,00140 + = 0,006789
𝑅𝑒𝑐 0,32 (1,849 ∙ 104 )0,32
𝑘𝑔 𝑚 2
𝜌𝑐 𝑣𝑐 2 𝐿𝑛𝑝 994 [ 3 ] ∙ (0,63484 [ ]) ∙ 5[𝑚] ∙ 2 𝑁
𝑚 𝑠
𝛥𝑃𝑡 = 𝑓 = 0,006789 ∙ = 644,48 [ 2 ]
2𝐷𝑖 2 ∙ 0,0211[𝑚] 𝑚
𝑚 2
𝑘𝑔 (0,63484 [ 𝑠 ]) 𝑁
𝛥𝑃𝑟 = 4 ∙ 2 ∙ 994 [ 3 ] = 1602,41 [ 2 ]
𝑚 2 𝑚
𝑁 𝑁 𝑁
𝛥𝑃𝑖 = ΔP𝑡 + ΔP𝑟 = 644,48 [ 2
] + 1602,41 [ 2 ] = 2246,895 [ 2 ]
𝑚 𝑚 𝑚
𝑁
𝛥𝑃𝑖 = 2246,895 [ ]
𝑚2
𝑘𝑔
𝐺̇𝑠 = 6,1061 [ ] ; 𝑁𝐵 = 12
𝑚2 𝑠
𝐷𝑒𝑞 𝐺̇𝑠 𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
𝑅𝑒𝑠 = ; 𝜇𝑣 = 1,1078 ∙ 10−5 ; 𝜌𝑣 = 12,768 [ ]
𝜇𝑣 𝑚𝑠 𝑚3
𝑃𝑡 1 𝜋
4[ ∙ 0,86 ∙ 𝑃𝑡 − ∙ 𝐷𝑖0 2 ]
𝐷𝑒𝑞 = 2 2 4 (𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟)
1
𝜋𝐷
2 𝑖0
(0,03175[𝑚]) 1 𝜋
4[ ∙ 0,86 ∙ (0,03175[𝑚]) − ∙ (0,0254[𝑚])2 ]
2 2 4
𝐷𝑒𝑞 = = 0,018057[𝑚]
1
𝜋(0,0254[𝑚])
2
𝑘𝑔
𝐷𝑒𝑞 𝐺̇𝑠 0,018057[𝑚] ∙ 6,1061 [𝑚2 𝑠 ]
𝑅𝑒𝑠 = = = 9952,87
𝜇𝑣 𝑘𝑔
1,1078 ∙ 10−5
𝑚𝑠
2 𝑘𝑔 2
̇
1 𝐺𝑠 𝐷𝑠 (𝑁𝐵 + 1) 1 (6,1061 [ ]) ∙ 0,38735[𝑚] ∙ (12 + 1)
𝑚2 𝑠
Δ𝑃0 = [𝑓𝑠 ] = 0,30615 ∙
2 2𝐷𝑒𝑞 𝜌𝑣 2 𝑘𝑔
2 ∙ (0,018057[𝑚]) ∙ 12,768 [ 3 ]
[ 𝑚 ]
𝑁
Δ𝑃0 = 62,33 [ 2 ]
𝑚