Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
Introduccin
1. Industria del Aguacate en Nueva Zelanda
2. Manejo de la copa
1. Importancia
2. Arquitectura del rbol de aguacate
3. De rboles grandes a rboles chicos
4. Formacin y poda de rboles pequeos en plantaciones de
alta densidad
The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
Mexico
Pacific Ocean
Australia
Australia
Nueva Zelanda
Nueva
Zelanda
The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
South Island
Clima fro templado
The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
Katikati
Bay of Plenty
Tauranga
Te Puke
Opotiki
The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
Huertos de aguacate en NZ
The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
22
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
Otoo
Invierno
0
Jun
Aug
Oct
Nov
Jan
Mar
Apr
Jun
Jul
Sep
The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
Bay of Plenty
Northland
Michoacan
30
28
26
24
22
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
Jun
Oct
Nov
Jan
Mar
Otoo
Apr
Jun
Invierno
Jul
Sep
The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
Lluvia diaria
Adaptado al Hemisferio Sur
300
Michoacan (1,132mm)
250
200
150
100
50
0
150
100
Northland (1,753mm)
50
0
Jun Aug Sep Nov Dec Feb Mar May Jun Aug Sep
The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
Estadsticas de la industria en NZ
rea plantada:
5,000 ha
No. de productores:
1,600
Variedad principal:
Hass
Patrones:
Zutano de semilla
Algunos clonales
(Duke 7, Dusa, Bounty)
Polinizadores:
The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
Problemas de la industria:
The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
Organizacin de la industria
NZ Avocado
New Zealand Avocado Growers Association (NZAGA)
Avocado Industry Council (AIC)
(www.nzavocado.co.nz)
The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
2.
The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
Antes de podar
Despus de podar
The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
Control de plagas y
enfermedades ms
efectivo
The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
Hass
Lamb Hass
The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
5 brotes silpticos
5
4
3
4
1
Brotes madres
(misma ramas tras eliminar
todos los brotes prolpticos)
Prolptico
dominante
Igual
Brote
primario
dominante
Reed
Igual
Hass
Brotes
axilares
dominantes
Sharwil
Fuerte
The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
Opciones de poda:
De rboles grandes a rboles chicos
1. Aclareo de rboles
2. Descope (stag horn)
3. Poda en vaso
4. Poda piramidal
5. Poda en seto o
arboles individuales
6. Eliminacin selectiva
de ramas y reduccin
de altura
The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
1. Aclareo de rboles
Reducir el nmero de rboles
Puede significar grandes claros en el huerto
Los rboles siguen creciendo y es cada vez mas difcil y
peligroso cosechar
The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
Flechas = crecimiento
prolptico
The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
3. Vaso o dona
Reduce el nmero de ramas grandes
Crea un hueco grande no productivo en el medio
No reduce el sombreo de ramas adyacentes
The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
4. Poda piramidal
Forma en pirmide
Mejor intercepcin de luz
Puede hacerse con poda mecnica que tiende a aumentar
el crecimiento vegetativo
antes
despus
The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
4 m poda
The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
Total tras
3 aos
Despus
10
8-10
4 m poda
118
117
159 b
111
156 b
426 b
6 m poda
140
102
225 a
137
162 b
524 a
Sin poda
128
105
229 a
108
236 a
573 a
ns
ns
Tratamiento
ns
The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
0-2 m
2-4 m
4-6 m
>6 m
4 m poda
17
125 a
14 c
6 m poda
11
67 b
84 b
Sin poda
19
77 b
126 a
14
Tratamiento
ns
The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
Tratamiento de
poda
Rendimiento
por rbol
(t/ha)
Rendimiento
por rama
(kg/rama)
Tamao del
fruto (g)
4 m poda
15.6 b
9.2 a
227 a
6 m poda
19.3 a
9.2 a
222 a
Sin poda
21.0 a
7.9 b
214 b
The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
Nov 2001
Feb 2002
May 2003
The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
Tratamiento
Distancia
plantacin
Sin poda
Pirmide delgada
Tamao del
rbol
Tamao
del fruto
(ht x diam)
(por rbol)
(por ha)
6 x 7.5 m
4x4m
73 kg
16.1 t/ha
222g
3x5m
3x3m
27 kg
18.0 t/ha
244g
Aos 4 y 5 de la plantacin
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
0.4
18.3
20.6
23.9
23.5
19.0*
*estimacin
Gardiazabal F and Mena F. 2011. The avocado industry in Chile and its evolution. California
Avocado Society 2011 Yearbook 94: 52-69.
http://www.avocadosource.com/CAS_Yearbooks/CAS_94_2011/CAS_2011_V94_PG_052068.pdf
The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
Antes
Despus
The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
Tratamiento
Sin tratamiento
The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
Resumen
Descope (Stag-horn) puede ser usado para renovar huertos viejos
pero es caro y poco fiable
La eliminacin selectiva de ramas puede usarse para reducir el
tamao de rboles grandes y retrasar el aclareo de arboles
Un programa proactivo de eliminacin selectiva de ramas para
mantener la estructura piramidal del rbol puede comenzar con
arboles de 5-6 aos de edad
Las plantaciones de alta densidad, usando rboles pequeos
formados en Pirmide delgada puede usarse en:
Suelo de laderas, ms barato
Con menos mano de obra (reduciendo costo de manejo)
Para obtener mayor produccin en huertos jvenes
Para obtener mayor estabilidad de cosecha en la vida del
huerto
The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
Agradecimientos
Reuben Hofshi (Fundacin Hofshi, California, USA)
Mary Lu Arpaia (Universidad de California, Riverside)
Francisco Gardiazbal (GAMA, Quillota, Chile)
Francisco Mena (GAMA, Quillota, Chile)
The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
Muchas gracias
www.plantandfood.co.nz
Grant.Thorp@plantandfood.co.nz