Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Gen requerido
+
Planta variedad Planta variedad
comercial comercial
Planta mejorada
Donante
1800s 1950-1980
Mendel arvejas Watson-Crick
Evolución Darwin Secuenciación 2001
Revolución verde Genoma Humano
Golden rice
1900s 1980-2000
6000 ac Antibióticos Cosechas
Fermentación Cruzamientos de biotecnológicas
bebidas, pan plantas
Aplicaciones de la biotecnología
vegetal
•Plantas que sintetizan sus propios pesticidas
3-12
meses
Grupo de Biología Molécular
• Produce las construcciones del gen que codifica la proteina
4-12
meses
Grupo de transformación
• Inserta el nuevo gen y produce una nueva planta
Chromosome
DNA with Agrobacterium
Acceleration of particles
desired trait to plant cells
Plant Cell
Control de enfermadades
Control de insectos
Control de malezas
Procesos mejorados
Proteina
Mejora cualidades
Tolerancia a cambios climaticos
Genes de resistencia
• Resistencia a herbicidas permite aplicar
herbicidas para eliminar la maleza y no la
planta de interes
Bt Cotton 14.6
HT Canola 13.2
Total reduction in use
HT Cotton 11.7 of pesticides in 2000:
49.2 million lb
HT Soybean 6.4
HT Maize 3.3
0 4 8 12 16
Millions of pounds of pesticide reduction1
Source: Phipps. R.H., and Park, J.R. 2002. Environmental benefits of genetically modified crops: Global and European Perspectives on
their ability to reduce pesticide use. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences. Vol. 11(1) 1:18
• Costo
– Limpieza de 5 Ha
– Convencionalmente
• U$12 millones en
excavacion y remocion
• U$6.3 millones en lavado
de suelos
• U$600,000 por relleno de
suelo
– Fitoremediacion
• 30 años a un costo de
U$200,000
Modificacion de los contenidos
nutritivos
• Arroz dorado
Rice (Oryza sativa), a major staple food, is usually milled to remove the oil-rich aleurone layer that turns rancid upon
storage, especially in tropical areas. The remaining edible part of rice grains, the endosperm, lacks several essential
nutrients, such as provitamin A. Thus, predominant rice consumption promotes vitamin A deficiency, a serious public
health problem in at least 26 countries, including highly populated areas of Asia, Africa, and Latin America.
Recombinant DNA technology was used to improve its nutritional value in this respect. A combination of transgenes
enabled biosynthesis of provitamin A in the endosperm.
1 Institute for Plant Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
2 University of Freiburg, Center for Applied Biosciences, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany.
* These authors contributed equally to this work.
Present address: Agracetus Monsanto, 8520 University Green, Middleton, WI 53562, USA.
Present address: Paradigm Genetics, 104 Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-4528, USA.
• Canola • Soybeans
• Corn • Squash
• Cotton • Sugarbeets
• Papaya • Sweet corn
• Potato • Tomato
14 Products on the market
Genomics leads are advancing
Target Screen
Yield
Yield Quality
Quality
Phot
Photosynt
osynthesis
hesis Starch
Starch// Carbohydrat
Carbohydrates
es
Yield Quality Seed
Seeddevelopm
development ent Lipids
Lipids // Oils
Oils
Plant
Plantform
form Protein
Protein
Nutrient
Nutrientutilization
utilization
Stress
Stress
Pest Stress Harvest
Harvestability
ability
Heat
Heattolerance
tolerance
Pest
Pest Cold
Coldtolerance
tolerance
Disease
Disease resistance
resistance Drought
Droughttolerance
tolerance
Insect
Insectresistance
resistance Nutrient
Nutrientconversion
conversion
Control +
+Gene
Gene A
A Control
Control
Control ++
+ Gene
Gene CC
Gene C
Control
Phot
Photosynt
osynthesis
hesis Nut
Nutrient
rientUt
Utilizat
ilization
ion Environm
Environment
ental
al St
Stress
ress
(More
(MoreBiomass)
Biomass) (More
(MoreRoot
RootHairs)
Hairs) (Drought
(DroughtSt
Stress)
ress)
15