UIUWJD@ GJ LJUWIFH JH UJLZ[IG@G, U@BZG AUJ-][F-=00

JH JB W[@K@CF Y @DKIJHWJ

][FEJGIDIJHWF ]@[@ IH^JUWIL@EIÕH GJ ^J[UIÕH - =

@EEIGJHWJU Y E@UI @EEIGJHWJU AFC@ 0 GJ 00

][FEJGIDIJHWF ]@[@ IH^JUWIL@EIÕH GJ @EEIGJHWJU Y E@UI

@EEIGJHWJU

[J^. Hf NJEA@ JB@KF[@ [J^IU@ @][ZJK@

Bibi`h` L`reä` ]ib`r Fspih` [ [fb`hg \ibeajs W ][IDJ[@ ^J[UIÕH GJB

Ljrjhtj GFEZDJHWF
 UIUWJD@ GJ LJUWIFH JH UJLZ[IG@G, U@BZG AUJ-][F-=00
JH JB W[@K@CF Y @DKIJHWJ

][FEJGIDIJHWF ]@[@ IH^JUWIL@EIÕH GJ ^J[UIÕH - =

@EEIGJHWJU Y E@UI @EEIGJHWJU AFC@ ; GJ 00

0. FKCJWI^F

Js
Jst`
t`kb
kbje
jejr
jr uh`
uh` dj
djtf
tfgf
gfbf
bflä
lä`
` p`
p`r`
r` jb rjpf
rjpfrt
rtj
j y b` ihihvj
vjst
stil
il`e
`eiõ
iõh
h gj bfbfss `e
`eei
eigj
gjht
htjs
js y e`
e`si
si
`eeigjhtjs quj ihvfbuerjh g`ðfs `b ihgiviguf, b` prfpijg`g y `b `dkijhtj, tjhgijhtj ` eb`rinie`r
b`s eireuhst`hei`s jh quj suejgiõ jb jvjhtf efh jb nih gj gjtjrdih`r jb friljh gjb disdf y tfd`r
b`s `eeifhjs efrrjetiv`s y prjvjhtiv`s `prfpi`g`s p`r` jvit`r quj vujbv` ` feurrir.

;. @BE@HEJ

Jb prfejgidijhtf `pbie` ` tfg`s b`s `etivig`gjs gjs`rrfbb`g`s pfr b` efrpfr`eiõh quj pujg`h
fe`sifh`r f e`us`r g`ðfs `b tr`k`c`gfr, b` prfpijg`g y jb `dkijhtj.

5. GFE
GFEZDJ
ZDJHW
HWFU
FU GJ [JN
[JNJ[J
J[JHE
HEI@
I@

- [j
[jssfbue
fbueiõ
iõh
h007=
7=0
0ggjb
jb ;==<
;==<

7. [J
[JU]
U]F
FHU
HU@K
@KBJ
BJU
U

Jb Ljrjhtj Ljhjr`b sjrà rjspfhs`kbj pfr vjrinie`r jb eudpbidijhtf gjb prfejgidijhtf y tjhgrà b`
`utfrig`g p`r` `prfk`r b` rj`biz`eiõh gj b`s djgig`s prfpujst`s ljhjr`g`s gj b` ihvjstil`eiõh
gj `eeigjhtjs
`eeigjhtjs f e`si `eeigj
`eeigjhtjs?
htjs? jb gjp`rt`djh
gjp`rt`djhtf tf gj AUJ sjrà rjspfhs`kbj
rjspfhs`kbj pfr rjpfrt`r bfs
`eeigjhtjs feurrigfs ` b` @[B, `b ebijhtj si js jb e`sf y `b Ljrjhtj Ljhjr`b? bfs ihtjlr`htjs gjb
EF]@UUW f jb ^ilä` gj U`bug gjb Wr`k`cf, y bfs supjrvisfrjs sjràh rjspfhs`kbjs pfr p`rtieip`r
y a`ejr p`rtj gjb lrupf ihvjstil`gfr gj `eeigjhtjs y e`si `eeigjhtjs? y bfs gjdàs tr`k`c`gfrjs
sjràh rjspfhs`kbjs gj rjpfrt`r bfs `eeigjhtjs y e`si `eeigjhtjs feurrigfs.

:. GJ
GJNI
NIH
HIEIF
IEIFH
HJU

@EEIGJHWJ L[@^J3 @qujb quj tr`j efdf efhsjeujhei` `dput`eiõh gj eu`bquijr sjldjhtf
efrpfr`b? nr`etur` gj aujsfs b`rlfs (nédur, tiki`, pjrfhé, aódjrf, r`gif y eókitf)? tr`ud`
er`hjfjhejnàbief? qujd`gur`s gj sjluhgf y tjrejr lr`gf? bjsifhjs sjvjr`s gj d`hf, t`bjs

efdf
gj `pb`st`dijhtf
dégub` f qujd`gur`s?
jspih`b? bjsifhjs bjsifhjs
feub`rjs sjvjr`s gj efbudh`
quj efdprfdjt`h vjrtjkr`b
b` `lugjz` f jb efh efdprfdisf
e`dpf visu`b f
bjsifhjs quj efdprfdjt`h b` e`p`eig`g `ugitiv`.

@EWF UZKJ
@EWF UZKJUWÀHG
UWÀHG@[3@[3 Eu`bquijr gjsvi`eiõh jh jb gjsjdpjðf gj b`s pjrsfh`s, jh rjb`eiõh
efh bfs jstàhg`rjs jst`kbjeigfs, p`r` d`htjhjr b` efhtihuig`g gj d`rea` gj b`s fpjr`eifhjs y
uh hivjb gj pérgig`s dähid`s, sj bf efhsigjr` uh `etf `hfrd`b quj idpfhj rijslf y `d`l` jh
nfrd` girjet` b` sjlurig`g gjb sistjd` f prfejsf rjspjetivf. Zh `etf sukjstàhg`r sj gjtjet`
efh fksjrv`eifhjs.

@]F[W@HWJU3 Jdpbj`gfrjs pókbiefs y priv`gfs, efhtr`t`htjs gj pjrsfh`b k`cf dfg`big`g gj

efhtr`tf eivib, efdjrei`b f `gdihistr`tivf? ` b`s frl`hiz`eifhjs gj jefhfdä` sfbig`ri` y gjb
sjetfr effpjr`tivf, ` b`s `lrjdi`eifhjs u `sfei`eifhjs `utfriz`g`s p`r` rj`biz`r b` `nibi`eiõh
efbjetiv` gj tr`k`c`gfrjs ihgjpjhgijhtjs `b Uistjd` gj Ujlurig`g Ufei`b Ihtjlr`b.

E@ZU@U KÀUIE@U3 E`us`sE`us`s rj`bj

rj`bjss quj sj d`hini
d`hinijst`h
jst`h gjtràs gj bfs sähtfd`s
sähtfd`s?? r`zfhjs pfr
b`s eu`bjs feurrjh bfs `etfs y efhgie
efhgieifhjs
ifhjs sukjstàh
sukjstàhg`rjs
g`rjs f ihsjl
ihsjlurfs?
urfs? n`etfr
n`etfrjs
js quj uh` vjz
 UIUWJD@ GJ LJUWIFH JH UJLZ[IG@G, U@BZG AUJ-][F-=00
JH JB W[@K@CF Y @DKIJHWJ

][FEJGIDIJHWF ]@[@ IH^JUWIL@EIÕH GJ ^J[UIÕH - =

@EEIGJHWJU Y E@UI @EEIGJHWJU AFC@ 5 GJ 00

igjhtinie`gfs
igjhtinie`gfs pjrditj
pjrditjhh uh efhtrf
efhtrfbb `gdihist
`gdihistr`tiv
r`tivf
f silhinie
silhinie`tivf
`tivf.. B`s e`us`s kàsi
kàsie`s
e`s a`ejh
rjnjrjhei` ` bfs n`etfrjs gj tipf pjrsfh`b y ` n`etfrjs gjb tr`k`cf.

E@ZU@U IHDJGI@W@U3 Eireuhst`hei`s quj sj prjsjht`h cust`djhtj `htjs gjb efht`etf? pfr
bf ljhjr`b sfh fksjrv`kbjs
fksjrv`kbjs f sj a`ejh sjht
sjhtir.
ir. Uj eb`sini
eb`sinie`h
e`h jh `etfs sukjstàh
sukjstàhg`rjs
g`rjs f `etfs
ihsjlurfs (efdpfrt`dijhtfs quj pfgrä`h g`r p`sf ` b` feurrjhei` gj uh `eeigjhtj f iheigjhtj)
y efhgieifhjs sukjstàhg`rjs f efhgieifhjs ihsjlur`s (eireuhst`hei`s quj pfgrä`h g`r p`sf `
b` feurrjhei` gj uh `eeigjhtj f iheigjhtj).

E@UI @EEI
E@UI @EEIGJHW
GJHWJ3J3 @et
@etf
f hf vfb
vfbuht
uht`ri
`rif
f quj jh efh
efhgie
gieifh
ifhjs
js biljr`
biljr`djh
djhtj
tj gin
ginjrj
jrjhtj
htjss pfg
pfgrä`
rä`h
h
fe`sifh`r bjsifhjs ` uh` pjrsfh` f g`ðf ` b` prfpijg`g y `b `dkijhtj.

EFHGIEIÕH UZKJUWÀHG@[3 Eu`bquijr e`dkif f v`ri`eiõh ihtrfgueig`s ` b`s e`r`etjrästie`s

näsie`s f `b nuheifh`dijhtf gj bfs jquipfs, bfs d`tjri`bjs y/f jb `dkijhtj gj tr`k`cf y quj
efhbbjv`h `hfrd`big`g jh nuheiõh gj bfs jstàhg`rjs jst`kbjeigfs f `ejpt`gfs, efhstituyjh
efhgie
efh gieifh
ifhjs
js gj rijslf
rijslf quj puj
pujgjh
gjh sjr e`u
e`us`
s` gir
girjet
jet`
` gj `ee
`eeigj
igjhtj
htjss fpjr`e
fpjr`eifh
ifh`bj
`bjs.
s. Zh`
efhgieiõh sukjstàhg`r sj gjtjet` efh ihspjeeifhjs.

IHEIGJHWJ3 Jvjhtf rjb`eifh`gf efh jb tr`k`cf, jh jb quj feurriõ, pugf a`kjr feurrigf bjsiõh f
jhnjrdjg`g ihgjpjhgijhtjdjhtj gj su sjvjrig`g f väetid` dfrt`b
Hft` 03 Zh `eeigjhtj js uh iheigjhtj quj g` bul`r ` bjsiõh, jhnjrdjg`g f väetid` dfrt`b
Hft` ;3 Zh `eeigjhtj jh jb quj hf a`y bjsiõh, jhnjrdjg`g hi väetid` dfrt`b t`dkiéh sj pujgj
gjhfdih`r efdf e`si-`eeigjhtj (situ`eiõh jh b` quj e`si feurrj uh `eeigjhtj)

IH^JUWIL@EIÕH GJ @EEIGJHWJ F E@UI @EEIGJHWJ3 Wéehie` utibiz`g` p`r` jb `hàbisis gj

uh `ee
`eeigj
igjhtj
htj f e`s
e`sii `ee
`eeigj
igjhtj,
htj, efh jb nih gj efh
efhfej
fejrr jb gjs`rrf
gjs`rrfbbf
bbf gj bfs `efht
`efhtjei
jeidij
dijhtf
htfss y
gjtjrdih`r b`s e`us`s y b`s djgig`s gj efhtrfb p`r` jvit`r su rjpjtieiõh.

>. ][
][FE
FEJG
JGID
IDIJ
IJHW
HWF
F

>.
>.0.
0. [j
[jpf
pfrt
rtjj g
gjj @
@ee
eeig
igjh
jhtj
tjss y E`
E`si
si @e
@eei
eigj
gjht
htjs
js

Wfgfs bfs `eeigjhtjs y e`si `eeigjhtjs sjràh rjpfrt`gfs ihdjgi`t`djhtj gj nfrd` vjrk`b pfr jb
pjrsfh`b gj b` frl`hiz`eiõh, ebijhtjs, tr`k`c`gfrjs y visit`htjs, `b cjnj ihdjgi`tf f supjrvisfr, `b
Effrgih`gfr AUJ jhe`rl`gfs gjb nrjhtj, quijhjs sj jhe`rl`ràh gj rjpfrt`rrjpfrt`r jb jvjhtf ` b` @[B,
`b ebijhtj f ` b` `utfrig`g `dkijht`b eu`hgf `pbiquj, jh jb Nfrd`tf Óhief gj @eeigjhtj gj
Wr`k`cf
Wr`k` cf NZ[@W ` tr`vé
tr`véss gj b` bähj` h`eifh`b lr`tuit` jst`k
jst`kbjeig`
bjeig` pfr b` efdp`
efdp`ðä`ðä` gj sjlurfs
sjlurfs
jh uh térdihf hf supjrifr ` ;7 afr`s gj suejgigf jb `eeigjhtj.

Bfs E`si @eeigjhtjs pfgràh sjr rjpfrt`gfs jh b`s W`rcjt`s gj [jpfrtj gj Hfvjg`gjs.

Uj gjkjrà tjhjr jh eujht` quj p`r` rj`biz`r jb rjpfrtj gjb `eeigjhtj sj gjkjh tjhjr efdf
dähidfs bfs siluijhtjs g`tfs3
 UIUWJD@ GJ LJUWIFH JH UJLZ[IG@G, U@BZG AUJ-][F-=00
JH JB W[@K@CF Y @DKIJHWJ

][FEJGIDIJHWF ]@[@ IH^JUWIL@EIÕH GJ ^J[UIÕH - =

@EEIGJHWJU Y E@UI @EEIGJHWJU AFC@ 7 GJ 00

Gjb Wr`k`c`gfr3
Hfdkrj, ejgub`, njea` gj h`eidijhtf, Jhtig`g ]rfdftfr` gj U`bug y @gdihistr`gfr` gj Nfhgf
gj ]jhsifhjs ` b` eu`b sj jheujhtr` `nibi`gf, e`rlf, njea` gj ihlrjsf ` b` frl`hiz`eiõh, sujbgf,
girjeeiõh gj rjsigjhei` y tjbénfhf.

Gj b` Jdprjs`3
[`zõh Ufei`b efdpbjt`, Hódjrf gj igjhtinie`eiõh trikut`ri` HIW, girjeeiõh, tjbénfhf y j-d`ib.

Eu`hgf sj rj`biej jb rjpfrtj gjb `eeigjhtj f e`si `eeigjhtj, sj gjkjrà jhtrjl`r ihnfrd`eiõh
vjrägie`, efdprfk`kbj y vjrinie`kbj, `gieifh`bdjhtj sj gjserikiràh bfs ajeafs quj prfvfe`rfh jb
`eeigjhtj f e`si `eeigjhtj y b` `etivig`g quj rj`biz`k` jb tr`k`c`gfr eu`hgf sunriõ b` bjsiõh,
gjkjràh
gjkjrà h rjb`e
rjb`eifh`r
ifh`rsj
sj bfs bul`rjs, jquipfs, ajrr`di
ajrr`dijht`s
jht`s y jh ljhjr`b bfs `etfs f efhgie
efhgieifhjs
ifhjs
ihsjlur`s quj `p`rjhtjdjhtj frilih`rfh jb `eeigjhtj.

Zh` vjz
Zh` vjz rj`rj`bibiz`
z`gf
gf jb rjpf
rjpfrt
rtj
j gj
gjbb `eei
`eeigj
gjht
htj,
j, b` jdpr
jdprjs
js`
` rj
rjei
eiki
kirà
rà vä
vä`
` j-
j-d`
d`ibib jb NZ
NZ[@
[@W,
W,
gjkig`djhtj gibiljhei`gf, efh jb rjpfrtj gjb `eeigjhtj, jstj nfrd`tf sj idpridirà efh uh` efpi`
b` eu`b sjrà jhtrjl`g` `b tr`k`c`gfr p`r` quj sj giric` `b ejhtrf dégief gfhgj rjeikirà `tjheiõh
y b` ftr` efpi` sj d`htjhgrà jh jb `reaivf gj AUJ gj b` frl`hiz`eiõh. ]`r` pfstjrifrdjhtj
rj`biz`r b` ihvjstil`eiõh gjb `eeigjhtj.
@gieifh`bdjhtj jb rjpfrtj gjb `eeigjhtj f e`si `eeigjhtj gjkjrà sjr rjpfrt`gf jh jb nfrd`tf
[jpfrtj gj @eeigjhtj y E`si @eeigjhtj.

>.
>.;.
;. Jt`p
Jt`p`s
`s gj b` Ih
Ihvj
vjst
stil
il`e
`eiõ
iõh
hggjj @
@ee
eeig
igjh
jhtj
tjss

>.;.0.
>.;.0. ]`rti
]`rtieip`h
eip`htjs
tjs gj b` Ih
Ihvjstil
vjstil`eiõh
`eiõh gj @e
@eeigjh
eigjhtjs
tjs

B` frl`hiz`eiõh gjkj efhnfrd`r uh jquipf p`r` b` ihvjstil`eiõh gj tfgfs bfs `eeigjhtjs y e`si
`eeigjhtjs gj tr`k`cf, ihtjlr`gf efdf dähidf pfr jb cjnj ihdjgi`tf f supjrvisfr gjb tr`k`c`gfr
`eeigjht`gf f ihvfbuer`gf jh jb e`si `eeigjhtj, uh rjprjsjht`htj gjb Efdité ]`rit`rif gj U`bug
Feup`eifh`b f jb ^ilä` Feup`eifh`b y jb jhe`rl`gf gjb gjs`rrfbbf gjb UL-UUW@. Eu`hgf b`
frl`hi
frl `hiz`e
z`eiõh
iõh hf tjh
tjhl`
l` b` jst
jstrue
ruetur
tur`
` `ht
`htjri
jrifr,
fr, gjkjrà
gjkjrà efhnfr
efhnfrd`r
d`r uh jqu
jquipf
ipf ihv
ihvjst
jstil`
il`gfr
gfr
ihtjlr`gf pfr tr`k`c`gfrjs e`p`eit`gfs p`r` t`b nih.
Eu`hgf jb `eeigjhtj sj efhsigjrj lr`vj f prfguze` b` dujrtj, jh b` ihvjstil`eiõh gjkjrà
p`rtieip`r uh prfnjsifh`b efh biejhei` jh U`bug Feup`eifh`b, prfpif f efhtr`t`gf, `sä efdf jb
pjrsfh`b gj b` jdprjs` jhe`rl`gf gjb gisjðf gj hfrd`s, prfejsfs y/f d`htjhidijhtf.

B` frl`hiz`eiõh pfgrà `pfy`rsj jh pjrsfh`b jxpjrtf ihtjrhf f jxtjrhf, p`r` gjtjrdih`r b`s
e`us`s y jst`kbjejr b`s djgig`s efrrjetiv`s gjb e`sf.

B` ihvjstil`eiõh gj jstj tipf gj `eeigjhtjs sjrà jhtrjl`g` ` b` `gdihistr`gfr` gj rijslfs

gjhtrf gj bfs 0: pridjrfs gä`s gjspués gj b` feurrjhei` gjb `eeigjhtj? gj `eujrgf ` b`
siluijhtj ` b` [jsfbueiõh 07=0 gj ;==<.

B`
B`s
s jt`p
jt`p`s
`s kà
efhtihu`eiõh3 kàsi
sie`
e`ss p`
p`r`
r` b` ihvj
ihvjst
stil
il`e
`eiõ
iõh
h gj bf
bfss @e
@eei
eigj
gjht
htjs
js sj
sjrà
ràh
h b`
b`ss djhe
djheif
ifh`
h`g`
g`ss `
 UIUWJD@ GJ LJUWIFH JH UJLZ[IG@G, U@BZG AUJ-][F-=00
JH JB W[@K@CF Y @DKIJHWJ

][FEJGIDIJHWF ]@[@ IH^JUWIL@EIÕH GJ ^J[UIÕH - =

@EEIGJHWJU Y E@UI @EEIGJHWJU AFC@ : GJ 00

>.;.;.
>.;.;. [je
[jefpi
fpib`e
b`eiõh
iõh gj b` Ih
Ihnfr
nfrd`e
d`eiõh
iõh

B` rjefbjeeiõh js b` n`sj dàs idpfrt`htj gjb prfejsf gj ihvjstil`eiõh, y` quj si, pfr `blóh
dftivf, sj fditj uh` vjrsiõh f uh gjt`bbj, jb rudkf gj b` ihvjstil`eiõh e`dki`rà `b puhtf quj b`s
e`
e`us
us`s
`s y bfs
bfs su
sulj
ljrj
rjhe
hei`
i`ss pfgr
pfgràh
àh jst`
jst`rr tf
tft`
t`bd
bdjh
jhtj
tj gj
gjsj
sjhn
hnfe
fe`g
`g`s
`s y pf
pfrr ef
efhs
hsil
ilui
uijh
jhtj
tj bf
bfss
efrrjetivfs quj sj idpbjdjhtjh efh k`sj jh b` ihvjstil`eiõh gjb `eeigjhtj f e`si `eeigjhtj, hf
`puht`ràh ` jvit`r quj jb jvjhtf sj rjpit`.

B` rjefbjeeiõh gj b` ihnfrd`eiõh sj pujgj `gjb`ht`r pfr djgif gj b`s siluijhtjs `etivig`gjs3

 [jefhfeidijhtf gjb àrj` ihvfbuer`g`3

Jh b` djgig` gj bf pfsikbj y prfeur`hgf quj hf sj dujv` h`g` gj su sitif si hf js p`r` `tjhgjr

`b bjsifh`gf, b` visit` `b sitif gjb `eeigjhtj f gjb e`si `eeigjhtj sj gjkj rj`biz`r bf dàs prfhtf
pfsikb
pfs ikbj.
j. Uj gjkj tfd`r hft` gj tfg`s b`s efhg efhgiei
ieifhj
fhjss jxistj
jxistjhtj
htjss y si js pfs
pfsikb
ikbj
j aàl
aàl`sj
`sj
`efdp`ð`r gj uh` pjrsfh` jxpjrt` jh jb gjs`rrfbbf gj b`s `etivig`gjs efduhjs gjb àrj` gjb
`eei
`eeigj
gjht
htj
j f e`
e`si
si `eei
`eeigj
gjht
htjj y prprjl
jlóh
óhtj
tjbj
bj sf
sfkr
krj
j jb nu nuhe
heif
ifh`
h`di
dijh
jhtf
tf gj bf
bfss jq
jqui
uipf
pfs,
s, bf
bfss
prfejgidijhtfs f pràetie`s quj `bbä sj `gjb`ht`h y sfkrj b`s efhgieifhjs `gvjrs`s f jspjei`bjs
quj gjkj `nrfht`r jb tr`k`c`gfr
tr`k`c`gfr jh jst` àrj`. B` visit` `b sitif jh quj sj prjsjhtõ jb `eeigjhtj
`eeigjhtj f
e`si `eeigjhtj js fkbil`tfri` s`bvf jh e`sfs jxejpeifh`bjs efdf pfr jcjdpbf `eeigjhtjs gj
friljh sfei`b jh zfh`s gj `bt` pjbilrfsig`g.

 Jhtrjvist` `b `eeigjht`gf y tjstilfs3

Jhtrjv
Jhtrjvist
istj
j ` b`s pjr
pjrsfh
sfh`s
`s quj prj
prjsjh
sjhei`
ei`rfh
rfh jb sue
suejsf
jsf,, tjh
tjhijh
ijhgf
gf jh eujht`
eujht` b`s sil
siluij
uijhtj
htjss
rjefdjhg`eifhjs3

Eitj p`r` jhtrjvist`s efh bfs tjstilfs ` b` d`yfr krjvjg`g y prfeurj quj hf jxist` uh b`psf gj
tijdpf jh gfhgj bfs ginjrjhtjs tjstilfs sj rjóh`h p`r` pfhjrsj gj `eujrgf sfkrj su vjrsiõh.

Jhtrjvistj f` dfginie`rb`.
ihnbujhei`r e`g` tjstilf pfr sjp`r`gf kuse`hgf su vjrsiõh, sih quj ftr`s vjrsifhjs pujg`h

@gvijrt`
@gvi jrt` `
`bb tjs
tjstilf
tilf `
`htjs
htjs gj efd
efdjhz`r
jhz`r quj j
jbb óhie
óhief
f fkcj
fkcjtivf
tivf g
gj
j b` j
jhtrjv
htrjvist`
ist` js tr
tr`t`r
`t`r g
gj
j jst`kbje
jst`kbjejr
jr
b`s e`us`s gjb `eeigjhtj, hf eubp`kbjs gj éstj, p`r` jvit`r su rjpjtieiõh jh uh nuturf y quj su
vjrsiõh jh hihlóh dfdjhtf bf efdprfdjtj, a`st` jb puhtf quj si bf efhsigjr` hjejs`rif hf sj
rjlistr`rà su hfdkrj jh jb ihnfrdj gj ihvjstil`eiõh.

Gur`htj jb gjs`rrfbbf gj b` jhtrjvist` sj bj pjgirà `b tjstilf quj rjb`tj bfs `efhtjeidijhtfs

feurrigfs
feur rigfs jh jb `eeig
`eeigjhtj,
jhtj, euàb js b` `etiv
`etivig`g
ig`g quj sj `gjb`h
`gjb`ht`
t` jh jb bul`r, eõdf sj a`ej y qué
sulijrj
sulijrj p`r` jvit`r jstj tipf gj `eeig
`eeigjhtjs
jhtjs.. @gjdà
@gjdàs,
s, ihg`luj sfkrj b`s ihquijt
ihquijtugjs
ugjs quj tjhl`
sfkrj jb gjs`rrfbbf gjb prfejsf, bfs dje`hisdfs gj prftjeeiõh jxistjhtjs y gjdàs gjt`bbjs quj
aukijr`h pfgigf ihnbuir jh jb suejsf.

]jrdit` quj
g`tfs quj jb tjstilf
ustjg gj sus
a` jseritf vjrsifhjs
y päg`bj sihbfs
quj sj ihtjrrudpirbf
efhnirdj. y tfdj hft` gj e`g` gjt`bbj, rjpät`bj bfs
 UIUWJD@ GJ LJUWIFH JH UJLZ[IG@G, U@BZG AUJ-][F-=00
JH JB W[@K@CF Y @DKIJHWJ

][FEJGIDIJHWF ]@[@ IH^JUWIL@EIÕH GJ ^J[UIÕH - =

@EEIGJHWJU Y E@UI @EEIGJHWJU AFC@ > GJ 00

Huhe` pig` efhnird`e

Huhe` efhnird`eiõh
iõh gj b`s vjrs
vjrsifhjs
ifhjs gj ftr`s pjrsfh
pjrsfh`s.
`s. Jstf pujgj e`dki
e`dki`r
`r b` vjrsi
vjrsiõh
õh
prfpi` gjb tjstilf ljhjr`hgf pfsikbjs efhcjtur`s ginjrjhtjs ` b` rj`big`g.

B` jhtrjvist` rj`biz`g` ` bfs tjstilfs sj gfeudjht`r` jh jb nfrd`tf ‒Ihnfrdj gjb tjstilf gjb
`eeigjhtj—
 [jvisiõh gj gfeudjhtfs3

Gjkigf ` quj gur`htj b`s jhtrjvist`s sj pujgj a`ejr rjnjrjhei` ` gfeudjhtfs efdf hfrd`s,
prfejgidijhtfs, d`hu`bjs,
d`hu`bjs, jte., js hje
hjejs`rif
js`rif rj`biz`r su vjrinie
vjrinie`eiõh.
`eiõh. @bbä js rjbjv`htj efrrfkfr`r
b` jxistjhei` gj `spjetfs f jbjdjhtfs gj sjlurig`g y si efrrjspfhgjh efh b`s pràetie`s y
efhgieifhjs `etu`bjs.

>.;.5.
>.;.5. Gjs
Gjseri
eripei
peiõh
õh g
gjb
jb IIhe
heigj
igjhtj
htj

Jh jst` jt`p` sj prjtjhgj gjserikir bfs ajeafs jh nfrd` efajrjhtj y frgjh`g`, gj nfrd` quj
efrrjspfhg` efh bf suejgigf.

>.;.5.0. @hàbis
bisis Gj E
E``us`s
Jb fkcjtivf priheip`b gj tfg` ihvjstil`eiõh gj `eeigjhtjs f e`si `eeigjhtjs js efhfejr sus
"e`us`s", y` quj jbbf hfs pjrditirà gisjð`r j idpbjdjht`r
idpbjdjht`r djgig`s prjvjhtiv`s y eefrrjetiv`s
frrjetiv`s
p`r` su efhtrfb. Jh b` gjtjrdih`eiõh gj e`us`s sj gjkjh efhsigjr`r bfs siluijhtjs eritjrifs3

- B`s e`us`s gjkjh sjr sijdprj `ljhtjs, ajeafs f eireu eireuhst`h

hst`hei`s
ei`s rj`bdjht
rj`bdjhtj
j jxis
jxistjhtjs
tjhtjs jh jb
`efhtjeidijhtf y huhe` bfs quj sj supfhj quj gjkä`h f pfgä`h a`kjr jxistigf.
- [`r` vjz uh `eeigjhtj f e`si `eeigjhtj
`eeigjhtj sj jxpbie` pfr uh` sfb` e`us` quj bf dftivj. Dàs kijh
`b efhtr`rif, bfs `eeigjhtjs f e`si `eeigjhtjs sujbjh tjhjr v`ri`s e`us`s efhe`tjh`g`s jhtrj sä.
]fr jbbf, jh b` ihvjstil`eiõh gj tfgf `eeigjhtj f e`si `eeigjhtjs sj gjkj prfnuhgiz`r jh jb
`hàbisis e`us`b.
- Hjejs
Hjejsig`g
ig`g gj igjht
igjhtinie`
inie`rr b`s "e`us`s priheip`
priheip`bjs".
bjs". @qujbb`s quj a`h tjhigf uh` p`rtieip`eiõh
p`rtieip`eiõh
gjeisiv` jh b` `p`rieiõh gjb `eeigjhtj f e`si `eeigjhtj y euy` jbidih`eiõh prfpfreifh` uh`s
l`r`htä`s `dpbi`s gj hf rjpjtieiõh gj ftrf igéhtief f sidib`r.

B` igjhtinie`eiõh gj b`s e`us`s sj rj`biz`rà gj `eujrgf `b prfejgidijhtf p`r` b` tfd` gj

@eeifhjs Efrrjetiv`s AUJ-][F-=;= y jb prfejgidijhtf p`r` b` tfd` gj @eeifhjs ]rjvjhtiv`s
AUJ-][F-=;0.

E`us`s Kàsie`s3

B`s e`us`s kàsie`s efrrjspfhgjh ` b`s e`us`s rj`bjs quj sj d`hinijst`h gjtràs gj bfs sähtfd`s?
f b`s r`zfhjs pfr b`s eu`bjs
eu`bjs feurrjh bfs `etfs y eefhgieifhjs
fhgieifhjs ihsjlur`s? ` `qujbbfs n`etfrjs quj
uh` vjz igjhtinie`gfs, pjrditjh uh efhtrfb `gdihistr`tivf silhinie`tivf. B`s e`us`s kàsie`s `yug`h
` jxpbie`r jb pfr qué b` ljhtj efdjtj `etfs ihsjlurfs y pfr qué jxistjh efhgieifhjs ihsjlur`s.

B`s e`us`s kàsie`s sj givigjh jh gfs e`tjlfrä`s3 n`etfrjs pjrsfh`bjs y n`etfrjs gj tr`k`cf. ]fr
jcjdpbf3
 UIUWJD@ GJ LJUWIFH JH UJLZ[IG@G, U@BZG AUJ-][F-=00
JH JB W[@K@CF Y @DKIJHWJ

][FEJGIDIJHWF ]@[@ IH^JUWIL@EIÕH GJ ^J[UIÕH - =

@EEIGJHWJU Y E@UI @EEIGJHWJU AFC@ < GJ 00

N@EWF[JU ]J[UFH@BJU N@EWF[JU GJB W[@K@CF

E`p`eig`g ih`gjeu`g`
Näsie` ― nisifbõlie` Bigjr`zlf f supjrvisiõh ih`gjeu`g`
Djht`b ― psiefbõlie` Ihljhijrä` ih`gjeu`g`
N`bt` gj efhfeidijhtf @gquisieif
@gqui sieifhjs
hjs ih`prfpi
ih`prfpi`g`s
`g`s
N`bt` gj `ptitug Ajrr`dijht
Ajrr` dijht`s,
`s, jquipfs,
jquipfs, d`tjri`bjs
d`tjri`bjs
N`bt` gj `etitug ih`gjeu`gfs
Wjhsiõh Jstàhg`rjs gj tr`k`cfs
Näsie` ― Nisifbõlie` ih`gjeu`gfs f ihjxistjhtjs
Djht`b ― psiefbõlie` @kusf f d`b usf
Dftiv`eiõh ihsunieijhtj Ufkrj usf, gjsl`stj
Ih`gjeu`g`

E`us`s Ihdjgi`t`s3
B`s e`us`s ihdjgi`t`s gj bfs `eeigjhtjs f e`si `eeigjhtjs, sfh b`s eireuhst`hei`s quj sj
prjsjht`h cust`djhtj @HWJU
@HWJU gjb efht`etf. ]fr bf ljhjr`b, sfh fksjrv`kbj
fksjrv`kbjss f sj a`ejh sjhtir.
Efh nrjeujhei` sj bjs gjhfdih` @etfs Ihsjlurfs (efdpfrt`dijhtfs quj pfgrä`h g`r p`sf ` b`
feurrjhei` gj uh `eeigjhtj) y Efhgieifhjs Ihsjlur`s (eireuhst`hei`s quj pfgrä`h g`r p`sf ` b`
feurrjhei` gj uh `eeigjhtj).
B`s e`us`s ihdjgi`t`s sj givigjh jh gfs e`tjlfrä`s3 `etfs ihsjlurfs y efhgieifhjs ihsjlurfs.

@EWFU IHUJLZ[FU EFHGIEIFHJU IHUJLZ[FU

Fpjr`r jquipfs sih `utfriz`eiõh ]rftjeeifhjs y rjslu`rgfs
Gjsfkjgjejr hfrd`s jst`kbjeig`s ih`gjeu`gfs
Hf utibiz`r b`s prftjeeifhjs Jquipfs gj prftjeeiõh ih`gjeu`gfs j
Efhgueir ` vjbfeig`gjs ih`prfpi`g`s ihsunieijhtjs
]fhjr nujr` gj sjrvieif bfs Jquipfs, ajrr`dijht`s, d`tjri`bjs
dje`hisdfs gj sjlurig`g gjnjetufsfs
Jbidih`r bfs rjslu`rgfs gj sjlurig`g Jsp`eifs gj tr`k`cf ihsunieijhtjs,
Ztibiz`r jquipfs, ajrr`dijht`s a`eih`dijhtf
gjnjetufs`s E`rjhei` gj gjd`re`eiõh, sjð`biz`eiõh
Hf utibiz`r `gjeu`g`djhtj jb jquipf [ijslfs gj ihejhgif y jxpbfsiõh
gj prftjeeiõh pjrsfh`b Frgjh y bidpijz` gjnieijhtjs
Bjv`ht`r e`rl`r, tr`hspfrt`r jh nfrd` Jxpfsieiõh ` ruigf, r`gi`eiõh,
ihefrrjet` tjdpjr`tur`s jxtrjd`s
@bd`ejh`r
@bd`e jh`r jjh
h nf
nfrd`
rd` ihefrrj
ihefrrjet`
et` Ibudih`eiõh gjnieijhtj f jxejsiv`,
]fsieiõh ihefrrjet` nrjhtj `b tr`k`cf ^jhtib`eiõh gjnieijhtj
Bidpi`r, a`ejr d`htjhidijhtf gj
d`quih`ri`, jquipf jh
nuheifh`dijhtf
Krfdj`r, cul`r, gistr`jr
Wr`k`c`r k`cf ihnbujhei` gj `befafb,
grfl`s, sust`hei`s `bueihõljh`s
 UIUWJD@ GJ LJUWIFH JH UJLZ[IG@G, U@BZG AUJ-][F-=00
JH JB W[@K@CF Y @DKIJHWJ

][FEJGIDIJHWF ]@[@ IH^JUWIL@EIÕH GJ ^J[UIÕH - =

@EEIGJHWJU Y E@UI @EEIGJHWJU AFC@ 1 GJ 00

E`g` `etf
`etf ihsjlurf titijhj
jhj uh` jxpbie
jxpbie`eiõh.
`eiõh. A`y `blf quj bbjv
bbjv`
` ` b` pjrsf
pjrsfh`
h` ` efdjtjr js`
`eeiõh.
`eeiõh. @ jsj `blf gjkj ir priheip`
priheip`bdjht
bdjhtjj b` `eeiõ
`eeiõh
h gj prjv
prjvjheiõh
jheiõh.. Jb n`etfr quj jxpbie
jxpbie`
` bfs
`etfs ihsjlurfs js jb n`etfr pjrsfh`b.

Bfs n`etfrjs pjrsfh`bjs pujgjh sjr3

]jrsfh`bjs3 Ihe`p`eig`g / gjnieijhei` näsie` p`r` jb tr`k`cf /pujstf.

Efhfeidijhtfs3 N`bt` gj e`binie`eiõh p`r` b` t`rj`, Ihjxpjrijhei`.

N`til`3 Näsie` / djht`b

B`s efhgieifhjs ihsjlur`s jstàh efhnfrd`g`s pfr jb jsp`eif näsief, ajrr`dijht`s, jstruetur`s,
jquipfs y d`tjri`bjs jh ljhjr`b, quj hf eudpbjh efh bfs rjquisitfs dähidfs p`r` l`r`htiz`r b`
prftjeeiõh
prftjeeiõh gj b`s pjrsfh
pjrsfh`s
`s y bfs rjeursfs näsi
näsiefs
efs gjb tr`k`c
tr`k`cf.
f. Bfs siluijh
siluijhtjs
tjs sfh jcjdpb
jcjdpbfs
fs gj
efhgieifhjs ihsjlur`s3

Dàquih`s/Jquipfs3 @usjhei` / gjnieijhei` gj rjslu`rgfs f gispfsitivfs gj sjlurig`g, Uistjd`

gj d`hgf ihefrrjetf (`rr`hquj ihtjdpjstivf, `hub`eiõh gj prftjetfrjs, jte.), N`bt` sistjd`s gj
efhtrfb f jdjrljhei` (ihgie`gfr gj hivjb, gj tjdpjr`tur`, bidit`gfr gj e`rl`, jte.), @usjhei` /
gjnieijhei` gj prftjeeifhjs `htivujbef jh dàquih`s `utfdftriejs, @usjhei` / gjnieijhei` gj
e`kih` gj prftjeeiõh efhtr` e`äg` gj d`tjri`bjs

D`tjri`bjs3 ]rfguetfs pjbilrfsfs hf igjhtinie`gfs (jh friljh), D`tjri`bjs pjs`gfs, vfbudihfsfs,

efrt`htjs, gj nfrd`s gjsprfpfreifh`g`s, jte, Ihjst`kibig`g jh `bd`ejh`dijhtf pfr `pib`gf.

Ihst`b`eifhjs3 ]rf
]rftje
tjeeiõ
eiõh
h nrj
nrjhtj
htj ` efh
efht`e
t`etfs
tfs jbé
jbéetr
etrief
iefss girjet
girjetfs/
fs/ihg
ihgirj
irjetf
etfss ihjxis
ihjxistjh
tjhtj
tj f
ih`gjeu`g`, ]rjvjheiõh / prftjeeiõh efhtr` ihejhgifs ihjxistjhtj f ih`gjeu`g`.

Jxistjh fräljhjs quj a`ejh `p`rjejr b`s efhgieifhjs ihsjlur`s jsj n`etfr quj jxpbie` b`s
efhgieifhjs ihsjlur`s sj bj gjhfdih` n`etfr gjb tr`k`cf. Gjhtrf gj bfs n`etfrjs gjb ttr`k`cf
r`k`cf sj
tijhjh3

`) N`etfrjs rjb`tivfs `b `dkijhtj y bul`r gj tr`k`cf

Jsp`eifs, `eejsfs y supjrnieijs gj tr`k`cf y/f gj p`sf3 Gjnieijhei`s jh b` zfh` gj tr`k`cf,

Gjnieijhei`s jh b`s zfh`s gj p`sf f tràhsitf.

tr`k`cf3 @ljhtjs näsiefs, @ljhtjs quädiefs, @ljhtjs kifbõliefs.

@dkijhtj gj tr`k`cf3

k) Frl`hiz`eiõh gjb tr`k`cf y ljstiõh gj b` prjvjheiõh

Wipf
Wipf u frl`h
frl`hiz`
iz`eiõ
eiõh t`rj`33 Jxtr`frgih`ri` / iha`kitu`b p`r` jb tr`k`c`gfr, W`rj` efh
h gj b` t`rj`
sfkrje`rl` (ritdf, dfhftfhä`, ihtjrnjrjhei`s, jte.), N`bt` gj `gjeu`eiõh jhtrj b` t`rj` y bfs
djgifs d`tjri`bjs utibiz`gfs.

Efduhie`eiõh / Nfrd`eiõh3 N`bt` / gjnieijhei` gj nfrd`eiõh / ihnfrd`eiõh, Détfgf gj tr`k`cf

ihjxistjhtj / ih`gjeu`gf.
 UIUWJD@ GJ LJUWIFH JH UJLZ[IG@G, U@BZG AUJ-][F-=00
JH JB W[@K@CF Y @DKIJHWJ

][FEJGIDIJHWF ]@[@ IH^JUWIL@EIÕH GJ ^J[UIÕH - =

@EEIGJHWJU Y E@UI @EEIGJHWJU AFC@ 9 GJ 00

Gjnjetfs
Gjnj ljstiõh3 D`htjhidijhtf ihjxistjhtj / ih`gjeu`gf, Ihjxistjhei` / ihsunieijhei` gj
etfs gj ljstiõh3
t`rj`s gj igjhtinie`eiõh / jv`bu`eiõh gj rijslfs, N`bt` gj efrrjeeiõh gj rijslfs y` gjtjet`gfs,
Ihjxistjhei` gj bfs jbjdjhtfs gj prftjeeiõh pjrsfh`b hjejs`rifs f hf sjr éstfs `gjeu`gfs,
]rfguetfs pjbilrfsfs e`rjhtjs gj igjhtinie`eiõh pfr jtiqujt` f niea` gj sjlurig`g (gur`htj b`
d`hipub`eiõh), Ihtjrvjheifhjs `htj jdjrljhei`s hf prjvist`s.

>.;.7.
>.;.7. Jb`
Jb`kf
kfr`e
r`eiõh
iõh gj rje
rjefd
fdjhg
jhg`ei
`eifh
fhjs
js

És
Ést`
t` jt`p
jt`p`
` titijh
jhj
j lr
lr`h
`h idpf
idpfrt
rt`h
`hei
ei`,
`, pujs
pujstf
tf quj
quj ljljhj
hjr`
r` b`
b`ss dj
djgi
gig`
g`ss gj EF
EFHWHW[F
[FBB y gj
][J^JHEIÕH tjhgijhtjs ` b` jbidih`eiõh gj b`s e`us`s quj fe`sifh`rfh jb `eeigjhtj f e`si
`eeigjhtj y ` jvit`r quj feurr` uh hujvf `eeigjhtj f uh
u h `eeigjhtj rj`b jh nfrd` sidib`r.

B`s rjefdjhg`eifhjs sj gjkjh pb`htj`r jspjeänie`djhtj jh b`s e`us`s kàsie`s j ihdjgi`t`s

quj bf fe`sifh`rfh, pjrf tjhijhgf jh eujht` quj gjkjh sjr `pbie`kbjs.

>.;.7.
>.;.7.0.
0. ]b`
]b`h
h gj `eeiõ
`eeiõh
h p`r
p`r`` prj
prjvjh
vjhir
ir f ef
efhtr
htrfb`
fb`rr b` rj
rjpjt
pjtiei
ieiõh
õh gj
gj ihe
iheigj
igjhtj
htjss

Zh` vjz sj a`y`h sjbjeeifh`gf b`s e`us`s, sj prfejgj ` su frgjh`eiõh pfr frgjh gj prifrig`g `
nih gj jst`kbjejr uh pb`h gj `eeiõh efh djgig`s gj efhtrfb quj jvitjh b` feurrjhei` gj `eeigjhtjs
nuturfs
nutu rfs sidib`
sidib`rjs.
rjs. Gjkj jspje
jspjeinie
inie`rsj
`rsj jb rjspfhs`
rjspfhs`kbj
kbj gj b` `eeiõh ` `gjb`ht`r y jb pb`z
pb`zf
f nic`gf
p`r`
p`r` b` di disd
sd`?`? b`s
b`s `eei
`eeifh
fhjs
js rjrjef
efdj
djhghg`g
`g`s
`s gjkj
gjkjhh sj
sjlu
luir
ir bf
bfss pr
prih
ihei
eipi
pifs
fs dj
djhe
heif
ifh`
h`gf
gfss `
efhtihu`eiõh3

 Hf rjprjsjht`r rijslfs `gieifh`bjs efh su idpbjdjht`eiõh.

 @pbie`eiõh
@pbie`eiõh ljhjr
ljhjr`b`b ` ftrfs pujst
pujstfs
fs gj tr`k
tr`k`cf,
`cf, gfhgj pujg`h ihtjrvjhirs
ihtjrvjhirsj
j efhgi
efhgieifhj
eifhjss
sidib`rjs.
 Idpbjdjht`eiõh jh uh pb`zf efrtf quj jvitj b` feurrjhei` gj `eeigjhtjs sidib`rjs.
 ]ujgjh tr`z`rsj efdf `eeifhjs efrrjetiv`s f prjvjhtiv`s gjhtrf gj uh sistjd` gj ljstiõh,
pfrquj js uh` hf efhnfrdig`g f gjsvi`eiõh gjb prfejsf.

>.;.7.;.
>.;.7.;. @ee@eeifh
ifhjs
js p`r
p`r`` dit
ditil`
il`rr b`s ef
efhsj
hsjeuj
eujhei
hei`s
`s gj bfs `eei
`eeigjh
gjhtjs
tjs f ih
iheig
eigjht
jhtjs
js
@htjs gj prfpfhjr b`s `eeifhjs p`r` ditil`r b`s efhsjeujhei`s gj bfs `eeigjhtjs f e`si
`eeigjhtjs sj rj`biz`rà uh` jv`bu`eiõh gj bfs rijslfs gj `eujrgf `b ]rfejgidijhtf p`r` b`
igjhtinie`eiõh gj pjbilrfs, jv`bu`eiõh y efhtrfb gj rijslfs.

Jb lrupf gj ihvjstil`eiõh gjnihirà b`s `eeifhjs ` tfd`r p`r` ditil`r b`s efhsjeujhei`s gj bfs
`eei
`eeigj
gjht
htjs
js f e`si
e`si `eei
`eeigj
gjht
htjs
js,, `sil
`silh`
h`rà
ràh
h rjsp
rjspfh
fhs`
s`kb
kbjs
js,, gjni
gjnihi
hirà
ràh
h rj
rjeu
eurs
rsfs
fs y nj
njea
ea`s
`s gj
eudpbidijhtf.

Jb Ljrjhtj Ljhjr`b y jb Uupjrvisfr tjhgràh b` `utfrig`g p`r` `prfk`r b` rj`biz`eiõh gj b`s

`eeifhjs prfpujst`s.

B`s e`us`s gjtjet`g`s jh b` ihvjstil`eiõh gjb `eeigjhtj f e`si `eeigjhtj rjnbjc`h b` jxistjhei`
gj eij
eijrtf
hjejs`
hje rtfs
rifs ihnfrd
js`rif rijslf
rijslfs`r
ihnfrd`rs quj gjk
gjkjh
` bfs jh jst
jst`r
tr`k`c `rrjs
tr`k`c`gf ihe
ihebui
`gfrjs buigfs
gfs`gfs
`njet jhs b`gjjv`
`njet`gf jv`bu`
subu`eiõ
eiõh
jxi h hei`
jxistj gj `rij
stjhei rijslf
yslfs,
gjs, b`s
sijhgf
sijhgf t`d
t`dkié
`skiéh
djgig`s
djgig h
gj
prftjeeiõh y prjvjheiõh `pbie`kbjs.
 UIUWJD@ GJ LJUWIFH JH UJLZ[IG@G, U@BZG AUJ-][F-=00
JH JB W[@K@CF Y @DKIJHWJ

][FEJGIDIJHWF ]@[@ IH^JUWIL@EIÕH GJ ^J[UIÕH - =

@EEIGJHWJU Y E@UI @EEIGJHWJU AFC@ 0= GJ 00

Uj gjkjh rj`biz`r rjuhifhjs

rjuhifhjs gj bjeeifhjs `prjhg
`prjhgig`s
ig`s efh jb nih gj givub
givubl`r
l`r b`s e`us`
e`us`ss gj bfs
`eeigjhtjs f e`si `eeigjhtjs y jvit`r quj jstfs vujbv`h ` feurrir.

Ui jb jsp`eif gjb nfrd`tf hf js sunieijhtj p`r` ihlrjs`r b` ihnfrd`eiõh rjqujrig`, sj pfgràh

utibiz`r afc`s `hjx`s.

>.;.:.
>.;.:. Ihnfr
Ihnfrdj
dj gj iihvj
hvjsti
stil`e
l`eiõh
iõh

>.;.:.0. Efhtjhigf gjb ihnfrdj gj ihvjstil`eiõh3 Jb gfeudjhtf quj efhtjhl` jb rjsubt`gf

gj b` ihvjstil`eiõh gj uh `eeigjhtj f e`si `eeigjhtj gjkjrà efhtjhjr tfg`s b`s v`ri`kbjs y
eõgilfs gjb ihnfrdj gj `eeigjhtj gj tr`k`cf.

]`r` gjtjrdih`r b`s e`us`s, ajeafs y situ`eifhjs js hjejs`rif, `gjdàs, quj jh jb ihnfrdj gj
ihvjstil`eiõh sj gjt`bbjh e`r`etjrästie`s jspjeänie`s sfkrj tipf gj bjsiõh, p`rtj gjt`bb`g` gjb
eujrpf quj nuj bjsifh`g`, bjsiõh prjeis` quj sunriõ jb tr`k`c`gfr? `ljhtj y dje`hisdf gjb
`eeigjhtj,
`eeigjhtj, siti
sitif
f jx`etf gfhgj feurri
feurriõ
õ jb jvjhtf. [jspj
[jspjetf
etf gjb `ljhtj gj b` bjsiõh, sj gjkj
ihebuir
ihebuir ihnfrd
ihnfrd`eiõh
`eiõh efdf3 tipf, d`re`, dfgjb
dfgjbf,
f, vjbfe
vjbfeig`gjs
ig`gjs,, t`d`ðfs,
t`d`ðfs, nfrd`s, gidjhsifhj
gidjhsifhjss y
b`s gjdàs quj sj efhsigjrjh hjejs`ri`s.
Jb ihnfrdj gjkj efhtjhjr uh` gjseripeiõh eb`r` y efdpbjt` gjb `eeigjhtj, jb `hàbisis e`us`b
gjt`bb`gf, b`s efhebusifhjs, b`s djgig`s gj efhtrfb y gjdàs g`tfs prfpifs gj b` ihvjstil`eiõh.

>.;.:.;. Gjseripeiõh gjb @eeigjhtj f E`si @eeigjhtj3 Jb ihnfrdj gjkjrà efhtjhjr uh rjb`tf
efdpbjtf y gjt`bb`gf gj bfs ajeafs rjb`eifh`gfs efh jb `eeigjhtj f e`si `eeigjhtj , gj
`eujrg
`eu jrgf
f efh b` ihsihspje
pjeeiõ
eiõhh rj`
rj`biz
biz`g`
`g` `b sitif
sitif gj tr`
tr`k`c
k`cf
f y b`s vjrsi
vjrsifhj
fhjss gj bfs tjstilfs
tjstilfs,,
ihvfbu
ihvfbuer`
er`hgf
hgf tfg
tfgff `qu
`qujbb
jbbf
f quj sj efh
efhsig
sigjrj
jrj idp
idpfrt
frt`ht
`htj
j f quj `pf
`pfrtj
rtj ihn
ihnfrd
frd`ei
`eiõh
õh p`r
p`r`
`
gjtjrdih`r b`s e`us`s jspjeänie`s gjb `eeigjhtj f e`si `eeigjhtj t`bjs efdf3 euàhgf feurriõ,
gõhgj sj jhefhtr`k` jb tr`k`c`gfr, qué `etivig`g jst`k` rj`biz`hgf y qué p`sõ, pfr qué
rj`biz`k` b` `etivig`g, p`r` qué, efh quiéh sj jhefhtr`k`, eõdf suejgiõ.

]`r` fktjhjr b` ihnfrd`eiõh, jb lrupf ihvjstil`gfr pujgj `eugir `b rjefhfeidijhtf gjb àrj`
ihvfbuer`g`, jhtrjvist` ` tjstilfs, nftflr`nä`s, vigjfs, gi`lr`d`s, rjvisiõh gj gfeudjhtfs y
gjdàs téehie`s quj sj efhsigjrjh hjejs`ri`s.

>.;.:.5. E`us`s gjb @eeigjhtj f E`si @eeigjhtj3 Ufh b`s r`zfhjs pfr b`s eu`bjs feurrj jb
`eeigjhtj f jb e`si `eeigjhtj. Jh jb ihnfrdj sj gjkjh rjb`eifh`r tfg`s b`s e`us`s jhefhtr`g`s
gj
gjht
htrf
rf gj b` ihvj
ihvjst
stil
il`e
`eiõ
iõh,
h, igjh
igjhtitininie`
e`hg
hgf
f b`s
b`s kàsi
kàsie`
e`ss f dj
djgi
gi`t
`t`s
`s y b`
b`ss ih
ihdj
djgi
gi`t
`t`s
`s y
jspjeinie`hgf jh e`g` lrupf, jb bist`gf gj bfs `etfs ihsjlurfs y b`s efhgieifhjs ihsjlur`s.

>.;.:.7. Efdprfdisf gj `gfpeiõh gj djgig`s gj ihtjrvjheiõh

Jhudjr`r y gjseri
Jhudjr`r gjserikir
kir b`s djgig
djgig`s
`s gj ihtjrv
ihtjrvjheiõ
jheiõh
h quj b` jdprj
jdprjs`
s` sj efdpr
efdprfdjtj
fdjtj ` `gfpt`r,
`gfpt`r,
p`r` prjvjhir f jvit`r b` feurrjhei` gj jvjhtfs sidib`rjs.

@gjdàs, sj gjkjh
djgif `dkijhtj jspjeinie`r
gj tr`k`cf y jh b`s
bfs djgig`s quj B`s
tr`k`c`gfrjs. sj rj`biz`ràh jh b` nujhtj
rjefdjhg`eifhjs gjkjhgjbsjr
rijslf, jh jby
pràetie`s
tjhjr uh` rjb`eiõh bõlie` efh b` e`us` kàsie` igjhtinie`g`.
 UIUWJD@ GJ LJUWIFH JH UJLZ[IG@G, U@BZG AUJ-][F-=00
JH JB W[@K@CF Y @DKIJHWJ

][FEJGIDIJHWF ]@[@ IH^JUWIL@EIÕH GJ ^J[UIÕH - =

@EEIGJHWJU Y E@UI @EEIGJHWJU AFC@ 00 GJ 00

B` jdprjs` idpbjdjht`rà b`s `eeifhjs rjefdjhg`g`s, bbjv`rà bfs rjlistrfs gj eudpbidijhtf,

vjrinie`rà b` jnjetivig`g gj b`s `eeifhjs `gjb`ht`g`s y rj`biz`rà bfs `custjs quj efhsigjrj
hjejs`rifs.

>.;.:.:. G`tfs rjb`tivfs ` b` ihvjstil`eiõh

Jh jb ihnfrdj sj gjkj rjb`eifh`r bul`r, girjeeiõh, njea`(s) y afr`(s) jh quj sj rj`biz` b`

ihvjstil`eiõh? hfdkrjs, e`rlfs, igjhtinie`eiõh y nird`s gj bfs ihvjstil`gfrjs.

>.5. [jdisiõh gj ihvjstil`eifhjs

Jb `pfrt`htj gjkj rjditir ` b` @gdihistr`gfr` gj [ijslfs B`kfr`bjs ` b` quj sj jheujhtrj

`nibi`gf, gjhtrf gj bfs quihej (0:) gä`s siluijhtjs ` b` feurrjhei` gjb jvjhtf, jb ihnfrdj gj
ihvjstil`eiõh gjb `eeigjhtj gj tr`k`cf dfrt`b y gj bfs `eeigjhtjs lr`vjs gjnihigfs jh jb `rtäeubf
5³ gj b` rjsfbueiõh 07=0 gjb ;==<.

[jeikig` b` ihvjstil`eiõh pfr b` @gdihistr`gfr` gj [ijslfs ]rfnjsifh`bjs, jst` b` jv`bu`rà,

efdpbj
efd pbjdjh
djht`r
t`rà
à y jdi
jditir
tirà
à efh
efhejp
ejptf
tf sfk
sfkrj
rj jb jvj
jvjhtf
htf efrrjs
efrrjspfh
pfhgij
gijhtj
htj,, gjtjrd
gjtjrdih`
ih`hgf
hgf b`s
`eeifhjs gj prjvjheiõh quj gjkj idpbjdjht`r jb `pfrt`htj, jh uh pb`zf hf supjrifr ` quihej
(0:) gä`s aàkibjs.

Eu`hgf jb `eeigjhtj gj tr`k`cf sj` dfrt`b, b` @gdihistr`gfr` gj [ijslfs B`kfr`bjs rjditirà jb

ihnfrdj gjhtrf gj bfs gijz (0=) gä`s aàkibjs siluijhtjs ` b` jdisiõh gjb efhejptf, cuhtf efh b`
ihvjstil`eiõh y efpi` gjb ihnfrdj gjb `eeigjhtj gj tr`k`cf, ` b` Girjeeiõh Wjrritfri`b gj Wr`k`cf
f ` b` Fnieih` Jspjei`b gj Wr`k`cf gjb Dihistjrif gj b` ]rftjeeiõh Ufei`b, sjlóh sj` jb e`sf, `
jnjetf
jnj etf gj quj sj `gj`gjb`h
b`htj
tj b` ef
efrrjs
rrjspfh
pfhgij
gijhtj
htj ihv
ihvjst
jstil`
il`eiõ
eiõh
h `gd
`gdihi
ihistr
str`ti
`tiv`
v` b`kfr`
b`kfr`bb y sj
idpfhl`h b`s s`heifhjs ` quj aukijrj bul`r si nujrj gjb e`sf.

1. AIUW
AIUWF[
F[I@
I@B
BGGJ
J E@
E@DK
DKIF
IFU
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[J^. Hf NJEA@ JB@KF[@ [J^IU@ @][ZJK@

Bibi`h` L`reä` ]ib`r Fspih` [ [fb`hg \ibeajs W ][IDJ[@ ^J[UIÕH GJB

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