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Ay pena, penita, pena!

Abstract
This article tries to find out if the woman’s desire is expressed in the couplet. In order to do this, I will proceed to
the analysis of the different versions of Ay pena, penita, pena through the lyrics and the images portrayed.

Key words: Ay pena penita pena. Rafael de León, Lola Flores. Luisa Ortega. Morayta.

Resumen
A través del análisis de la letra y la imagen de Ay pena, penita, pena, de sus autores e intérpretes principales, el
artículo intenta responder a la pregunta de si realmente la copla canta o no el deseo de la mujer.

Palabras clave: Ay pena penita pena. Rafael de León, Lola Flores. Luisa Ortega. Morayta.

ISSN. 1137-4802. pp. 27-46

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