UNIVERSIDAD POLITÉCNICA DE CARTAGENA

DEPARTAMENTO DE INGENIERÍA CIVIL. ÁREA DE INGENIERÍA DEL TERRENO

ESCUELA DE INGENIERÍA DE CAMINOS, CANALES Y PUERTOS Y DE INGENIERÍA
DE MINAS

PROYECTO FIN DE GRADO

MODELOS E RED PARA LA SIMULACIÓ DE

PROBLEMAS DE COSOLIDACIÓ E MEDIOS
MULTICAPA, AISÓTROPOS, HOMOGÉEOS Y
LIEALES E GEOMETRÍA 2-D
RECTAGULARES Y CILÍDRICAS.

AUTORA: MARÍA ROSA MENA REQUENA

DIRECTOR: DR. D. IVÁN ALHAMA MANTECA
CODIRECTOR: GONZALO GARCÍA ROS
CARTAGENA, 2016
Índice

Introducción 1

Objetivos 3

Capítulo 1. Fundamentos teóricos de la consolidación y el análisis de

asentamientos. 5

1.1. Introducción .............................................................................................5

1.2. Teoría de Terzaghi, consolidación vertical ..............................................6
1.3. Ensayo de consolidación vertical...........................................................14
1.4. Teoría de la consolidación ....................................................................25
1.5. Ensayo de consolidación radial .............................................................30
1.6. Precarga .................................................................................................32
1.7. Asentamientos........................................................................................33

Capitulo 2. El método de simulación por redes 35

2.1. Idea del método......................................................................................35

2.1.1 Elementos pasivos .......................................................................37
2.1.2 Elementos activos.........................................................................38

Capitulo 3. Modelo en red de problemas de consolidación 43

3.1. Procesos de creación del modelo en red. Generalidades .......................43

3.2. Modelo de la consolidación rectangular 1D ..........................................46

Capitulo 4. Aplicaciones 63

4.1. Aplicaciones. Consolidación 2D rectangular .......................................63

4.2. Aplicaciones. Consolidación 2D cilindricas ..........................................75

Capitulo 5. Conclusiones 85

Bibliografía 87
ITRODUCCIÓ

Esta memoria presenta el diseño de un modelo numérico basado en el método de redes

para la simulación del fenómeno de la consolidación lineal, 2-D, en medios
homogéneos (multicapa), isótropos y de geometrías rectangular y cilíndrica. Si bien se
trata de un problema lineal para el que existen soluciones analíticas potenciales en
términos de series de funciones armónicas de convergencia lenta y aplicación compleja,
la posibilidad de su simulación mediante un modelo numérico simple y muy preciso es
un avance significativo en este campo, permitiendo en un futuro su ampliación a
problemas d consolidación no lineal.

Se describe, en primer lugar, los fundamentos teóricos del problema de consolidación

lineal 1D y 2D, basados principalmente en la teoría de Terzaghi (Terzaghi&Frölich,
1933), indicando a continuación los objetivos de esta memoria. Posteriormente, se
desarrolla una introducción al método de simulación por redes (González Fernández,
2002), herramienta numérica utilizada para la resolución de las ecuaciones de gobierno,
definiendo finalmente los modelos en red de los escenarios de consolidación estudiados.
Finalmente se presentan y comentan diferente aplicaciones de los modelos propuestos.

El interés de este trabajo radica en que aborda un campo fundamental en ingeniería del
terreno, la consolidación, desde el punto de vista de los métodos numéricos. Estas
técnicas se han convertido hoy día en una herramienta que facilita la labor del experto
en geotecnia.

1
2 Introducción
OBJETIVOS

El objeto del trabajo consiste en desarrollar un modelo numérico para resolver

problemas de consolidación en suelos que encuadran:

i) Problemas unidimensionales en geometrías rectangulares en medios

homogéneos, lineales e isótropos,

ii) Problemas unidimensionales en geometrías radiales en medios homogéneos,

lineales e isótropos,

iii) Problemas bidimensionales en geometrías rectangulares en medios homogéneos,

lineales e isótropos con ubicación de drenes en dos de sus fronteras,

iv) Problemas bidimensionales en geometrías cilíndricas huecas en medios

homogéneos, lineales e isótropos con ubicación de drenes en la frontera
superficial e interior,

v) Problemas unidimensionales en geometrías rectangulares y radiales, en medios

lineales y anisótropos,

vi) Problemas bidimensionales en geometrías rectangulares y cilíndricas, en medios

lineales y anisótropos,

vii) Problemas unidimensionales y bidimensionales en geometrías rectangulares,

radiales y cilíndricas, en medios multicapa formaos por capas porosas
homogéneas, lineales, isótropas o anisótropas,

viii) En todos los casos anteriores la condición de contorno es la de presión

constante en los bordes de drenaje y presión intersticial constante en todo el
medio, si bien, queda abierta la posibilidad de aplicar otras condiciones de
contorno,

ix) Finalmente, se desarrolla una rutina que permite la manipulación de datos

numéricos mediante Matlab, con objeto de presentar los resultados en forma
gráfica tal como se requiere en este campo de la ingeniería.

3
4 Objetivos

Para la consecución de este objetivo, la autora se ha familiarizado con las técnicas del
método de redes para el diseño de circuitos, con los entornos del software de resolución
de circuitos Pspice (PSPICE, 1994), herramienta que constituye el núcleo de cálculo, y
los códigos de programación de Matlab para a manipulación de conjuntos de datos.

Los modelos desarrollados permiten la obtención de la evolución espacial y temporal

del exceso de presión intersticial y del grado medio de consolidación, ambos con la
ecuación de gobierno en su forma clásica, definida por el coeficiente de consolidación.
La obtención de los asientos del terreno es directa a partir de estos datos. Con el
conocimiento adquirido se pretende abordar problemas numéricos en otros campos de la
ingeniería así como problemas no lineales en el campo de la consolidación no lineal en
suelos heterogéneos.
 




   
  
 
 

      


 

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