muSaobis gegma

20 dekem
dekemberi, 1200 saa
kemberi
beri, saaTi

69-e al. y i n y a r a u l i , etimologiuri SeniSvna. sawmisi

samecniero sesia T. u T u r g a i Z e, /i/ xmovnis variantebi Zvel qarTulsa
da Tanamedrove dialeqtebSi
a. a r a b u l i , l. b i n i a S v i l i , l. s o x a Z e , qcevis
masalebi formaTa asaxvis zogi sakiTxisaTvis qeglis axal redaq-
ciaSi

v. imnaiSvili, Zveli qarTuli enis leqsikidan.

2010 wlis 20-23 dekemberi 8. manda

m. r o b a q i Z e , `aldat~ (`aGday~) sitKvis semantikisa-

Tvis Zvel qarTul enaSi (qarTul-somxur enobriv ur-
TierTobaTa Suqze)

k. m i T a g v a r i a , ferTa aGmniSvneli leqsikis ZiriTadi

terminebi adiGeur enaSi
redaqtorebi _ avTandil arabu
arabuli
buli m. b u k i a , qarTveluri leqsika v. kaslanZias `afxazur-
Tamar vaSakiZe rusul leqsikonSi~

l. k e l a u r i Z e , saerToqarTvelur harmoniul kom-

pleqsTa SesatKvisobaTaTvis buruSulsa da baskur
enebSi

n. f o n i a v a , afxazuri enis CVC tipis zmnur ZirTa

fonemuri SedgenilobisaTvis

©arn. Ciqobavas saxelobis enaTmecnierebis instituti

ISBN
3
 21 dekem
dekemberi, 1200 saa
kemberi
beri, saaTi 22 dekem
dekemberi, 1200 saa
kemberi
beri, saaTi

g. k v a r a c x e l i a , l. v a S a k i Z e , biZina foCxuas Te- m. s u x i S v i l i , gvaris formebi gamoxatulebisa da Si-

zaurusi, rogorc qarTuli enis Sinaarsobrivi planis naarsis planis mixedviT
paradigmatuli modeli
m. C u x u a , svanuri micemiTis -an sufiqsi da misi para-
g. g o g o l a S v i l i , h- da s- prefiqsTa funqciisaTvis lelebi sxva iberiul-kavkasiur enebSi
qarTulSi
S. g a b e s k i r i a , enaTmecnierul-istoriuli mosazrebe-
v. S e n g e l i a , kvlav i b e r - da i m e r - fuZeTa Sesaxeb bi bagrationTa samefo dinastiis warmomavlobis Sesa-
xeb
t. gurgeniZe, ierarqiuli mimarTeba gramatikul
klasebs Soris c. k v a n t a l i a n i , wminda
wminda da wmida
wmida formaTa monac-
vleobisaTvis
m. G l o n t i , GmerTis leqsikur-semantikuri budisaTvis
T. b u r y u l a Z e , erTi tipis parataqsuli winadadebis
e. g a z d e l i a n i , naTesaobiTi brunvis alomorfTa
Sesaxeb
ganawilebisaTvis xmovanfuZian saxelebTan svanurSi
m. C a C a n i Z e , leqsikografiuli semantizaciis verbalu-
r. y k a d u a , usufiqso gardauval zmnaTa formobriv-se-
ri saSualebebi da leqsikonTa tipologiis problema
mantikuri analizisaTvis svanurSi
q. m a r g i a n i - s u b a r i , subkategoriaTa omonimiisa da
T. v a S a k i Z e , wKevla-muqaris, ficisa da locvis for-
maTi semantikuri urTierTmimarTebisaTvis svanur enaSi
mulebi d. kldiaSvilis SemoqmedebaSi

e. S e n g e l i a , zogi megruli fuZis etimologiisaTvis n. J o r b e n a Z e , arsebiT saxelTa Jgufebi qarTulSi

(musx-i//mosx-i, Tesx-i//Tisx-i, musxiSa(x), TesxiSa(x)//Tis- m. T e T r a Z e , bacbur erTmarcvlian CV da VC tipis sa-
xiSa(x)) xelur fuZeTa klasifikaciisaTvis
r. l o l u a , kavkasiis albanuri anbanis aso-niSanTa rao-
denobis dadgenisaTvis

4 5
 a v T a n d i l a r a b u l i, l a l i b i n i a S v i l i,
lida soxaZe
23 dekem
dekemberi, 1200 saa
kemberi
beri, saaTi
qcevis formaTa asaxvis zogi
zogi sakiTxisaTvis
qeglis axal redaqciaSi
v. S e n g e l i a, sagranto proeqtze muSaobis meore
wlis (IX-XII kvartalebi) Sedegebis Sesaxeb `qarTuli enis ganmartebiT leqsikonSi~ (rvatomeuli) Sei-
niSneba araerTgvarovneba (araTanamimdevruloba) imgvari zmnu-
n. m a y a v a r i a n i, baTumel afxazTa metKvelebis Sesaxeb. III
ri saleqsikono erTeulebis gramatikuli kvalifikaciisas,
r. f a r e u l i Z e, ricxviT saxelTa zogi Taviseburebis romlebsac forma sasubieqto (saTaviso) an saobieqto (sasxvi-
Sesaxeb CeCnuri enis qistur dialeqtSi so) qcevisa moepovebaT, magram gramatikuli Sinaarsis Tvalsaz-
risiT amgvar gagebas ar (resp. aRar) Seicaven. magaliTisamebr:
l. s a n i k i Z e, zedsarTavi saxelis xarisxis formaTa gaiT
gaiTvli
iTvli-s
vli (gaiTvala, gauTvlia) grdm.
warmoebis Taobaze bacbur (wova-TuSur) enaSi gadaiT
gadaiTvli
iTvli-s
vli (gadaiTvala, gadauTvlia {TavisTvis}) grdm.
l. a z m a i f a r a S v i l i, zog sintaqsur Tavisebureba- sub. qc. g a d a T v l i s zmnisa
Ta Sesaxeb xunZuri enis anwuxur dialeqtSi gamoiT
gamoiTvli
iTvli-s
vli (gamoiTvala, gamouTvlia) grdm. sub. qc.
gai
gaicineb
cineb-s
neb (gaicina, gaucinia) grdm.
n. a r d o t e l i, labializebuli kompleqsis gamartive- gai
gaiRimeb
Rimeb-s
meb (gaiRima, gauRimia) grdm. sub. qc. g a a R i -
bisaTvis bejitur enaSi m e b s zmnisa
gaiR
gaiRvi
iRviZeb
viZeb-s
Zeb (gaiRviZa, gauRviZnia) grdm.
r. l o l u a, predikatuli sintagmis konstruqciebisa-
dai
daiZineb
Zineb-s
neb (daiZina, dauZinia) grdm. sub. qc. d a a Z i n e b s
Tvis udiur enaSi
zmnisa
qarTul gramatikul literaturaSi amgvar faqtebs ara-
erTgzis mihqcevia yuradReba. akaki SaniZe msgavs formebs
`ufunqcio~ an `formalur~ saTavisos (Sesabamisad _ sasxvi-
sos) uwodebs.
rogorc masala warmoaCens, TavisTavad qcevaTa amgvari
`cru~ gamoxatvis SemTxvevebi erTgvarovani ar aris. SeiZleba
gamoiyos ramdenime qvejgufi:
1. formebi, romelTac saopozicio neitraluri qceva saer-
Tod ar moepoveba da `neitralizebuli~ sasubieqto qcevis
forma ikavebs mis adgils: ga-i-azreb-s, ga-i-angariSeb-s, ga-i-me-
oreb-s... ga-i-Zaxeb-s, ga-i-xmob-s...
2. formebi, romelTac sapirispiro neitraluri qcevis
formebi moepoveba, magram SinaarsiT igivea, rac neitraluri
(sasubieqto) formebi: iwvevs (awvevs), {da}ipatiJebs ({da}hpati-

6 7
Jebs), {ga}iTvlis (gaTvlis)... {ga}iqnevs, {ga}ignebs, {ga}ikvlevs `afxazur-rusuli leqsikoni~ (2005 w., soxumi). igi moicavs 30
da misT. aTasamde sityva-statias, masSi Setanilia dialeqturi, sasaub-
3. qcevis saopozicio calebi arsebobs, magram isini Sinaar- ro, moZvelebuli sityvebi, neologizmebi, aseve afxaz muhajir-
sobrivad (ZiriTadi Sinaarsis TvalsazrisiT) erT sibrtyeSi Ta metyvelebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli leqsika da e. w. `tyis
ar mdebareobs, `acdenilia~: gaicinebs, gaiRimebs, gaiGviZebs, ena~. maT Soris gvxvdeba 100-ze meti qarTvelizmi, romelic wi-
daiZinebs... ukuqceviTobis gaZliereba aq saerTod obieqtis na leqsikonebSi Tu qarTvelur-afxazuri leqsikuri urTier-
`STanTqmas~ iwvevs. sxva funqcionalur sibrtyeSi SeiZleba isi- Tobebisadmi miZRvnil samecniero naSromebSi ver moxvda.
ni srulfasovan qcevis formebad warmogvidges. Sdr.: ga-a-ci- v. kaslanZias leqsikonSi warmodgenili ucnobi qarTvelu-
neb-s _ ga-i-cineb-s (Tavs) _ ga-u-cineb-s (is mas guls)... ri masala saSualebas iZleva axleburad gaSuqdes sesxebis mi-
4. formebi, romelTa erTi (upiratesi) gramatikuli Sina- marTuleba, qronologia, nasesxebi leqsemis cxvivebis savarau-
arsi vnebiTis semantikas utoldeba: gaifrens (gaufrens), gaiw- do etapebi.
krialebs... gaibraxunebs, gaijaxunebs... gaiamindebs, gaiaprilebs... moZiebuli masala dayofilia ramdenime nawilad:
sxvagvar funqcionalur opoziciaSi am formaTa saqcevo 1. axali fonetikuri variantebi, romlebic sxva leqsiko-
potencia realizebulia. Sdr.: nebSi ar gvxvdeba:
a-a-fren-s _ (buzcsac ar) a-i-fren-s _ (ofofebs) a-zara
zarav
rabavba `ziareba~ _ a- a-zare
zarev
rebavba (janaSia); a-kampà
kampàrv `jonjo-
a-u-fren-s li~ (< megr. kampa kampari
pari)
ri _ a-qampà
qampàrv (Sayrili); a-k°ànTx° vnTx° `kuTxe~
nTx
ga-a-tylaSuneb-s _ (maTraxs) ga-i-tylaSuneb-s _ ga-u- (< megr. kunTxu
kunTxu)Txu _ a-k°àndx° vndx°à (janaSia); a-RaRa
ndx RaRaWiWiav `kiborCxala~
RaWiv
tylaSuneb-s... (< megr. RaWa
RaWaWia
WaWia)
Wia _ a-daRa daRaWiWiav (janaSia)...
RaWiv
qeglis axal redaqciaSi aris mcdeloba, rom, erTi mxriv, 2. yvelaze did nawils Seadgens sityvebi, romlebic sxva
Tanamimdevruloba iqnes daculi qcevis `cru~ formaTa warmo- leqsikonebSi ar gvxvdeba da mkvlevrebis yuradRebis miRmaa da-
dgenisas, xolo meore mxriv _ diferencirebulad iqnes warmo- rCenili:
dgenili qcevis `cru~ da realizebuli variantebi. a-bavvnZR `skandali~ < banZRi
banZR½
nZR banZRi (megr.) `davidaraba, aliaqo-
bak°anv `afxazuri saxlis dire~ < boko
Ti~; a-bak° bokoni
koni `moris boZebi,
romelzedac dayrdnobilia ficxuli saxlis sasaZirkvle dire-
ebi~; a-bàrzavrzal v `orlesuli Subi~ < borza borzali
zali (megr.), boZa boZali
Zali
(qarT.) `orwvera isari~; a-k°adav adacv `qacvi~ < kvada
kvadaci
daci (megr.)
manana bukia `qacvi~; a-Íambal vmbal (abJ.) `martoxela, oboli~ < ombo omboliboli (megr.)
`oboli~; a-q°àfa vfa `konusis formis kalaTi Tevzis dasaWerad~ <
qufe
qufe (megr.) `frinvelis, cxovelis dasamwyvdevi galia~; a-
qarTve
qarTvelu
Tveluri
luri leqsi
leqsika
sika v. kaslan
kaslanZi
lanZias
Zias `afxazur
afxazur-
zur-rusul
rusul x°ariav
arial v (abJ.) `qolera~ < xori xoria
riale (megr.) `qolera~
leqsi
leqsikon
sikonSi
konSi~
Si~ 3. kompozitebi, romlis Semadgenel nawilebi sxva leqsi-
konebSi gvxvdeba, magram axal leqsikur erTeulad pirvelad v.
qarTvelur-afxazuri enobrivi urTierTobebis kvleva sa-
kaslanZiasTanaa warmodgenili:
ukuneze met xans iTvlis da soliduri literaturiT aris
a-kaka
kakav vnsàZbal `nigvzis sawebeli~ < a-kaka
kansà
ns kanv `kakali~, a-
kakav
warmodgenili, magram gasakeTebeli jerac bevria.
sàZbav
Zbalv `sawebeli~; a-marg° marg°àltama
vltama `atmis jiSi~ < margu
lta marguli
guli
qarTvelur-afxazuri lingvokulturuli urTierTobebis
(megr.) `Savi qliavi~, a-tama tama `atami; a-Cày v °uata
uatala
tala `farisebri
kvlevisTvis axal saintereso masalas iZleva v. kaslanZias
jirkvali~ < a-Cày v ° `Ciyvi~, a-Íatala
atala < otole otole (megr.) `jirkvali~.

8 9
 4. sityvas axali, manamde ucnobi mniSvneloba SeuZenia: erTi SexedviT, msgavs winadadebebSi TiTqos ramdenime
pa panwy°àr
papanwy
panwy° v `gaiZvera~ (bRaJba) _ `1. jojoxeTi, qveskneli, qvemdebarea, romelTac Tav-Tavisi Semasmenlebi miemarTeba:
2. saSineli, Znelad misaRwevi adgili, 3. saSineleba~ (kaslan- orive
oriveni
veni CaCumdnen, orive
oriveni
veni imeorebdnen; mec viwvi, mec vitan-
Zia). Sdr. papan
papanwyvi
panwyviri
wyviri / papan
papanwyvi
panwyvili
wyvili (megr.) `wyliani ormo; sa- jebi; is naTlavs, is zrdis, is hkvebavs... amis mixedviT dasaxe-
SiSi gube Znelad gadasasvleli; saxifaTo gza, adgili~; a- lebuli tipi Tanwyobili winadadebebia. SeiZleba ki es CavTva-
Rlamv `Rlavi~ (janaSia) _ `udidesi Zalis mqone zRapruli ar-
Rlav loT parataqsad? vfiqrobT, am winadadebebSi qvemdebareebi
seba~ (kaslanZia). mxolod gameorebaa, leqsikuri datvirTva aqvs da ara- grama-
tikuli. sinamdvileSi aq mxolod erTi qvemdebare gvaqvs, ro-
melsac miekuTvneba Semasmenlebi. amitom isini Serwymuli wina-
dadebebia.
rac Seexeba iseT winadadebebs, sadac qvemdebare meordeba
Tea buryulaZe nawilakdarTuli saxiT, maT damoukideblad isedac ver ganvixi-
lavT, radgan aseTi formebi gulisxmobs imas, rom amgvarive si-
erTi
erTi tipis
tipis para
parataq
rataqsu
taqsuli
suli wina
winada
nadade
dadebis
debis Sesa
Sesaxeb
saxeb tyva pirvel winadadebaSia, misi axsna amis gareSe ar xerxdeba.
mag., `ufalman momca da ufalmanca mimiRo~. amitom, calke da-
parataqsul wyobaSi gvxvdeba iseTi tipis winadadebebi, moukidebeli qvemdebareebis saxiT maTi ganxilva ar gamodgeba
romelTa komponent winadadebaTa Sesakvrelad romelime wev- da Sesabamisad, verc parataqsSi gavaerTianebT.
ris ganmeorebasTan gvaqvs saqme: `oriorive
oriveni
veni daCumdnen, orive
oriveni
veni
darwmundnen~ (ilia); `me me glexkacs guSindeli bavSviviT ki ar
Sevxari, me vsinjav, me vCxrekav~ (ilia).
saenaTmecniero literaturaSi aRniSnulia, rom Serwymu- Salva gabeskiria
li winadadeba zogjer momdinareobs rTul Tanwyobil winada-
debaTagan. amis nimuSad mohyavT aseTi tipis winadadebebi: `da enaTmecnierul-
enaTmecnierul-istoriuli mosazrebebi
meoreman SeirTo igi da mokuda igica~; `ganiR‚Za ioseb Zilisa bagrationTa samefo dinastiis
misgan da yo egre..da wariyvana man coli T‚si~ (kiziria,1953). warmomavlobis Sesaxeb
msgavsi magaliTebi axal qarTulSic gvaqvs:
`oriveni CaCumdnen da oriveni mainc kidev gaocebulni samecniero literaturaSi gaziarebuli Tvalsazrisis mi-
imeorebdnen ocnebaSi guSindels saocars ambavsa~ (ilia); `mec xedviT, qarTuli samefo gvareulobis samSoblo istoriuli
viwvi, mec vitanjebi~ (yazb.); `yvela saqveyno saqmes is naTlavs, saqarTvelos provincia speria da maTi bibliuri mefe daviTis-
isa zrdis, hkvebavs~ (javax.); `mxolod man gaswia Teimurazis av- gan warmomavlobis gadmocemas istoriuli safuZveli ar gaaCnia.
bediTi uReli, man gaiziara misi Wiri da varami~ (javax.). moxsenebaSi gvarsaxel bagrationis etimologiasa da dinas-
miRebuli TvalsazrisiT, gameorebuli qvemdebaris amoRe- tiis warmomavlobaze sxva mosazrebebia gamoTqmuli. qarTvel
biT (rac ekonomiis Sedegia) gvrCeba Semdegi saxis Serwymuli mefeTa gvaris amosavali saxelis – bagratis, iseve rogorc ba-
winadadebebi: oriveni CaCumdnen da mainc kidev gaocebulni kuris, iranuli warmomavlobis versia ar marTldeba. SesaZloa,
imeorebdnen ocnebaSi guSindels saocars ambavsa; mec viwvi, vi- isini speris SavizRvispira zolSi mcxovreb beqirTa satomo
tanjebi; yvela saqveyno saqmes is naTlavs, zrdis, hkvebavs.... saxels ukavSirdebodes.

10 11
 berZeni istorikosebis cnobiT, `ricxvmravali beqirebi~,
`beqirTa usazRvro miwa~; `navsadguri beqirikosi, elinuri qa-
laqi beqiriasi~ (periplusi). beqir-Si, iseve rogorc sxva eTno-
nimebSi (biZeri, filiri, ekeqiri), SeiZleba, er-/ir eTnofor-
manti gamoiyos. beqirebis saxels ukavSirdeba Turqul enebsa
da sparsulSi `spilenZis~ mniSvnelobiT cnobili sityvebi.
beqiris zanur variant *baqir-ze -a formantis darTviT
(Sdr. kax-a, rus-a, afSil-a, afxaz-a) miRebulia mamakacis an-
Troponimi baqra (XIV s.), am ukanasknelisagan ki nawarmoebia
gvarsaxelebi baqraZe da barqaia.
bagrationTa sxva sayvareli saxelebis msgavsad (aSoti,
sumbati, bivrati) WanurisTvis damaxasiaTebeli mkveTri t-s da-
rTvis Sedegad gvaqvs bagrati. aseve baqir/baquris abruptiviani
nairsaxeobaa bakuri.
moxsenebis avtoris azriT, SesaZloa, Semowmdes qarTveli
gvirgvinosnebis daviT winaswarmetyvelTan istoriuli kavSiris
versia:
bagrationebis bibliuri mefisgan momdinareobaze weren:
konstantine porfirogeneti, sumbat daviTis Ze, movses xosena-
ci da sxvebi.
qarTvelTa winaprebis – xeTebis mefe daviTis zeobis peri-
odSi (Zv. w. 1010-970 ww.) palestinaSi binadrobis faqti. cno-
bilia mefe winaswarmetyvelis xeTebTan siaxlove. israelis me-
fis laSqarSi mravalad iyvnen xeTi meomrebi. mefe daviTma ara-
meelTa winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad xeTebTan diplomatiuri zavi
dado, uria xeTeli sabrZolvelad gagzavna da Semdeg mis col-
ze daqorwinda, romlisganac SeeZina solomoni. Sdr. qarTuli
samefo gvareulobis `daviTian solomonianad~ moxsenieba.
mefe daviTis mSobliur beniaminis tomSi aris qarTuli eT-
nonimuri da Teoforuli anTroponimebi: bexeri, roSi, ardi –
dabadeba T. 46,21. bexeri da roSi eTnonimebia: beqiri da rusi
(Sdr. e-ruS-eT-i, Zveli qarTuli piris saxelebi: rusi da ru-
sa), xolo ardi, romelic urartulSi mnaTobTa RvTaebis mniS-
vnelobiTaa cnobili, daculia rogorc oikonimebSi arTvini,
arTaSeni, gvarsaxelebSi (ardiSvili, ardia), aseve qarTul si-
tyva ardadegSi: `ardadegi ars, ra mkaTaTveSi mze lomze Se-
vals, vidre mis gamocvlamde ocdaaTi dReni~ (saba).
12
Tu gadmocemuli sazrisi sworia, maSin qarTveli saWeT-
myrobelebis bibliur daviTTan kavSirs istoriuli safuZveli
gaaCnia da Sesabamisad qarTvel bagrationTa dinastias daaxlo-
ebiT 28 saukunis istoria aqvs.
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ÄËÄÌÄÍÔÉ ÚÏÅÄËÈÅÉÓ ßÀÒÌÏÃÂÄÍÉËÉÀ.
ÈÀÍáÌÏÅÍÉÓ ßÉÍÀ áÌÏÅÍÄÁÉÀ: -À, -Ä, -É, -Ï ÃÀ -Ö. ÜÀÌÏÈÅËÉËÉ
áÌÏÅÍÄÁÉ ÃÉÀËÄØÔÄÁÉÓ ÌÉáÄÃÅÉÈ ÛÄÉÞËÄÁÀ ÉÚÏÓ: ÂÒÞÄËÉ, ÌÏÊËÄ,
ÖÌËÀÖÔÉÀÍÉ, ÖÖÌËÀÖÔÏ ÃÀ ÖÌËÀÖÔÉÀÍÉ ÂÒÞÄËÉ.
ÄÍÀÈÌÄÝÍÉÄÒÈÀ ÄÒÈÉ ÍÀßÉËÉ ÍÀÈÄÓÀÏÁÉÈÉ ÁÒÖÍÅÉÓ ÀÌÏÓÀÅÀË
ÅÀÒÉÀÍÔÀà ÌÉÉÜÍÄÅÓ -ÉÛ ÓÖ×ÉØÓÓ. ÌÉÓÉ ÓÀáÄËÉÓ ×ÖÞÄÓÈÀÍ
ÛÄáÅÄÃÒÉÓÀÓ, ÌÏÒ×ÄÌÀÈÀ ÌÉãÍÀÆÄ, ÃÉÀËÄØÔÄÁÛÉ ÓáÅÀÃÀÓáÅÀ ×ÏÍÄÔÉÊ-
ÖÒÉ ÐÒÏÝÄÓÄÁÉÓ ÌÉÌÃÉÍÀÒÄÏÁÉÓ ÛÄÃÄÂÀÃ ÍÀÈÄÓÀÏÁÉÈÉ ÁÒÖÍÅÉÓ
ÌÏÒ×ÄÌÉÓ ÂÀÍÓáÅÀÅÄÁÖË ÅÀÒÉÀÍÔÄÁÓ ÅÉÙÄÁÈ.
ÓÀÌÄÝÍÉÄÒÏ ËÉÔÄÒÀÔÖÒÀÛÉ ÀÙÍÉÛÍÖËÉÀ, ÒÏÌ ÁÀËÓØÅÄÌÏÖÒÉ
ÃÉÀËÄØÔÉÓ ÆÏ ÊÉËÏ-ÈØÌÀÛÉ -À ÁÏËÏáÌÏÅÍÉÀÍ ÓÀáÄËÄÁÈÀÍ ÌÏ-
ÓÀËÏÃÍÄËÉ -ðÛ ÀËÏÌÏÒ×ÉÓ ÍÀÝÅËÀà ÖÖÌËÀÖÔÏ -ÀÛ ÂÅáÅÃÄÁÀ, ÌÀÂ.:
ÝáÖÌ., ÁÄÜ. ÃÉÍÀ, ÍÀÈ. ÃÉÍ-ÀÛ, ÛÃÒ. ÄÝÄÒ., ËáÌ. ÃÉÍ-ðÛ `ÂÏÂÏÓÉ";
ÝáÖÌ. ÑÉÍÀ, ÍÀÈ. ÑÉÍ-ÀÛ, ÛÃÒ. ÄÝÄÒ. ËáÌ. ÑÉÍ-ðÛ `ÞÄÒÀÓÉ"; ÝáÖÌ., ÁÄÜ.
ËÀÒÃÀ, ÍÀÈ. ËÀÒÃ-ÀÛ, ÛÃÒ. ÄÝÄÒ. ËáÌ. ËÀÒÃ-ðÛ.
ÍÀÈÄÓÀÏÁÉÈ ÁÒÖÍÅÀÛÉ ÖÌËÀÖÔÓ ÀÒ ÄØÅÄÌÃÄÁÀÒÄÁÀ ÀÌÀÅÄ ÊÉËÏ-
ÈØÌÄÁÛÉ ÓÀáÄËÉÓ ÁÏËÏ -Ï áÌÏÅÀÍÉ, ÌÀÂ.:
13
 ÝáÖÌ., ÁÄÜ. ÓÀÁàÏ, ÍÀÈ. ÓÀÁàÏ-Û, ÛÃÒ. ÖÌËÀÖÔÉÀÍÉ ÄÝÄÒ. ËáÌ. nas konkretul SemTxvevaSi raime morfo-fonologiuri safuZ-
ÓÀÁàæ-ÄÛ (< ÓÀÁàÏ + ÉÛ) `ÓÀÁàÏÓÉ"; ÝáÖÌ., ÁÄÜ. ÁÄÓÏ, ÍÀÈ. ÁÄÓÏ-Û, veli ar gaaCnia).
ÛÃÒ. ÄÝÄÒ. ËáÌ. ÁÄÓæ-ÄÛ (< ÁÄÓÏ + ÉÛ) `ÁÄÓÏÓÉ"; ÝáÖÌ. ÁÄÜ. ÀÁÀÍÏ, mag.: v-wer
ÍÀÈ. ÀÁÀÍÏ-Û, ÛÃÒ. ÄÝÄÒ. ËáÌ. ÀÁÀÍæ-ÄÛ (< ÀÁÀÍÏ + ÉÛ) `ÀÁÀÍÏÓÉ"... wer-ss.
ÒÀÝ ÛÄÄáÄÁÀ -Ö'ÓÀ ÃÀ -É'ÆÄ ÃÀÁÏËÏÄÁÖË ÓÀáÄËÄÁÓ, ÉÓÉÍÉ v- prefiqsis CamoSoreba v-wer formas pirveli piris ga-
ÌÈÄËÓ ÁÀËÓØÅÄÌÏÖÒÛÉ ÍÀÈÄÓÀÏÁÉÈÛÉ ÃÀÉÒÈÀÅÄÍ -ðÛ ÀËÏÌÏÒ×Ó, gebas daukargavs, iseve rogorc -s sufiqsis CamoSorebiT dai-
ÌÀÂ.: ÔÖÍÖ-ðÛ `ØÏÈÍÉÓ", âÖÒÖ-ðÛ `áÅÒÄËÉÓ", ÌÖÛÂæÒÉ-ðÛ `ÓÔÖÌÒÉÓ", kargeba mesame piris gageba. igive iTqmis obieqturi prefiqsebis
ÁéÂÉ-ðÛ `ÌÀÂÀÒÉÓ", ÒÀÝ ÂÅÉÀÍÃÄËÉ ÌÏÅËÄÍÀ ÖÍÃÀ ÉÚÏÓ. Taobazec:
ÁÀËÓÆÄÌÏÖÒÛÉ ÓÀáÄËÉÓ ÁÏËÏ -Ï, -Ö áÌÏÅÍÄÁÓ -ÉÛ m-xatavs, gv-xatavs
gv
ÌÏÒ×ÄÌÉÓÄÖËÉ áÌÏÅÀÍÉ ÀÖÌËÀÖÔÄÁÓ ÃÀ ÌÉÙÄÁÖË Ï+É > æÄ, Ö+É > g-xatavs.
æÉ ÊÏÌÐËÄØÓÉÓÄÖË áÌÏÅÍÄÁÓ ÀÂÒÞÄËÄÁÓ. ÛÄÃÄÂÀà ÂÅÀØÅÓ -ëÛ, -ìÛ m- da gv-
gv prefiqsTa CamoSoreba zmnur formebs pirveli
ÍÀÈÄÓÀÏÁÉÈÉ ÁÒÖÍÅÉÓ ÀËÏÌÏÒ×ÄÁÉ, ÌÀÂ.: ÀÁÀÍæ-ëÛ `ÀÁÀÍÏÓÉ", ÓÀÁàæ- obieqturi piris gagebas daukargavs, g- s CamoSoreba _ meore
ëÛ `ÓÀÁàÏÓÉ", ÔîÍæ-ìÛ `ØÏÈÍÉÓ", âîÒæ-ìÛ `áÅÒÄËÉÓ"... obieqturi piris gagebas.
ËÀÛáÖÒÛÉ ÁÏËÏ -Ï, -Ö áÌÏÅÍÄÁÉ ÍÀÈÄÓÀÏÁÉÈ ÁÒÖÍÅÀÛÉ SevniSnavT: fonetikur niadagze gauCinarebuli v- prefiq-
ÂÒÞÄËÃÄÁÉÀÍ, ÌÀÂ.: Ï + É (< ÉÛ); ÀÁÀÍ-íÛ `ÀÁÀÍÏÓÉ", ÁÄÓ-íÛ `ÁÄÓÏÓÉ"... sis kompensacias konteqsti axdens.
ËÄÍÔÄáÖÒ ÃÉÀËÄØÔÛÉ ÓÀáÄËÉÓ ×ÖÞÉÓÄÖËÉ áÌÏÅÍÉÓ Sesabamisad, v-, -s, m-, g-, gv-
gv afiqsebi piris niSnebia.
ÌÏÌÃÄÅÍÏà ÚÅÄËÀ ÛÄÌÈáÅÄÅÀÛÉ -ÎÛ (<-ÉÛ) ÀËÏÌÏÒ×É ÉÜÄÍÓ ÈÀÅÓ, ÌÀÂ.: h- da s- prefiqsTa viTareba sxvagvaria. samecniero lite-
ÃÄÍð-ÎÛ `ÂÏÂÏÓÉ", ÈáÄÒÄ-ÎÛ `ÌÂËÉÓ", ÌÖÛÊðÒÉ-ÎÛ `ÓÔÖÌÒÉÓ", raturaSi miCneulia, rom `me-2 piris subieqturi niSani aris h
àÏÍÔÏ-ÎÛ `ÅÀÒÉÊÉÓ", ÔÖÍÖ-ÎÛ `ØÏÈÍÉÓ"... an misi bgerinacvali~ (a.SaniZe), igulisxmeba s-. aseve, `me-3
ËÄÍÔÄáÖÒÛÉ ÀÒÓÄÁÖËÉ ÅÉÈÀÒÄÁÀ ÌáÀÒÓ ÖàÄÒÓ ÍÀÈÄÓÀÏÁÉÈÉ irib-obieqturi piris niSani aris h, an misi bgerinacvali~
ÁÒÖÍÅÉÓ ÀÌÏÓÀÅÀË ÅÀÒÉÀÍÔÀà -ÉÛ ÌÏÒ×ÄÌÉÓ ÌÉÜÍÄÅÀÓ. (a.SaniZe), igulisxmeba s-.
ÉÒÊÅÄÅÀ, ÒÏÌ ÍÀÈÄÓÀÏÁÉÈÉ ÁÒÖÍÅÉÓ ÀËÏÌÏÒ×ÈÀ ÌÒÀÅÀË- meore subieqtur pirSi Sesabamis garemocvaSi h- da s-
×ÄÒÏÅÍÄÁÀÓ ÂÀÍÀÐÉÒÏÁÄÁÓ ÃÉÀËÄØÔÈÀ ÌÉáÄÃÅÉÈ ÌÏÒ×ÄÌÀÈÀ ÌÉãÍÀÆÄ warmodgenilia, Tumca xSirad ar Cans formaSi (mosalodnel
ÌÉÌÃÉÍÀÒÄ ×ÏÍÄÔÉÊÖÒÉ ÐÒÏÝÄÓÄÁÉ. fonetikur situaciaSic), amis gamo normis mixedviT ar aris
savaldebulo h- (s-) prefiqsTa dacva subieqturi meore piris
formebSi. Tumca paradigma amgvarad gamoiyureba:
v-qsov v-cxovrob
qsov || h-qsov cxovrob || s-cxovrob
giorgi gogolaSvili qsov-s cxovrob-s
meore subieqtur pirSi prefiqsTa qona-arqona subieqtur
h- da s-
s- prefiqs
prefiqsTa
fiqsTa funqci
funqcii
qciisaTvis
saTvis qarTul
qarTulSi
TulSi pirze miniSnebis TvalsazrisiT arafers cvlis.
igive unda iTqvas mesame iribobieqturi piris gamoxatvis
h- da s- prefiqsebi qarTulSi piris niSnebad gaiazreba. TvalsazrisiT. miuxedavad imisa, normis mixedviT Sesabamis fo-
ra aris piris niSani? netikur garemocvaSi prefiqsebi warmodgenili unda iyos, pa-
_ piris niSani aris is afiqsi, romelic zmnis pirian radigma aseT saxes iRebs:
formaSi konkretul pirs miemarTeba; am niSnis gareSe zmnuri m-paravs m-Zuls
forma Sesabamisi piris gagebas kargavs (Tu piris niSnis arqo- g-paravs g-Zuls

14 15
 h-paravs || paravs s-Zuls || Zuls golaSvili, arn. Ciqobavas sakiTxavebi XXI, 2010) da, meore
gaviTvaliswinoT isic, rom h-/s- prefiqsebi xSirad `aR- mxriv, qarTuli enis dialeqtebSi dadasturebuli araerTi va-
niSnavs~ pirdapir obieqts, sadac normis mixedviT araa saWiro: rianti h-/s- prefiqsebisa (ix. g. gogolaSvili, XXX dialeqto-
m-klavs m-wvavs logiuri samecniero konferencia, 2010) gvafiqrebinebs, rom
g-klavs g-wvavs axal qarTulSi aratradiciulad unda moxdes am prefiqsTa
klavs || h-klavs wvavs || s-wvavs funqciebis gaazreba (ufro stilistikur-semantikuri Tvalsaz-
Rirssacnobia is faqtic, rom h-/s- prefiqsebi gvxvdeba er- risiT).
Tpirian zmnebSic (III piris formebSi), sadac maT morfologiu-
ri funqcia ar gaaCniaT:
v-yivi v-tiri
yivi (|| h-yivi) tiri (s-tiri)
yivi-s || h-yivis tiri-s || s-tiri-s
tariel gurgeniZe
faqtia: axal qarTulSi piris niSanTa sistemaSi h- da s-
prefiqsebi ar aris morfologiurad tolfasi sxva piris niS-
ierarqiuli mimarTeba gramatikul klasebs Soris
nebisa; zmnis formaSi misi mqoneoba ar aris morfologiurad
Sepirobebuli (aucilebeli piroba).
andiuri enis monacemebis gaTvaliswinebiT xunZuri enis-
principuli gveCveneba Zveli qarTulis viTarebac: zed-
Tvis aRadgenen 4-klasovan sistemas:
sarTavis ufroobiTi xarisxis formebSi da inian vnebiTebSi x-
mx. r. mr. r.
/h- (xanmet da haemet teqstebSi) prefiqsTa arseboba dadastu-
c1 v-aw´ad-av ... *v-aw´ad-al С1
rebaa imisa, rom maTi funqcia mxolod pirze miniSneba araa.
c2 ჲ-aw´ad-aჲ ... *ჲ-aw´ad-al С2
sannarev periodSi rom aRar gvaqvs es prefiqsebi zedsarTaveb-
c3 b-aw´ad-ab ... *b-aw´ad-al С3
sa da inian vnebiTebSi, fonetikis `bralia~; umjo umjobes
jobes da iyo
c4 *r-aw´ad-ar ... r-aw´ad-al С4
formebSi iseve ivaraudeba nulovani alomorfi, rogorc uke- uke-
`sufTa~, `wminda~
Tebs da emale
emaleba
leba formebSi...
Semogvaqvs pirobiTi aRniSvnebi ci (resp. Ci).
Zvel qarTulSi sagulisxmoa II subieqturi piris brZane-
`zogadi wesi~ (t. gurgeniZe 1984) saSualebas gvaZlevs da-
biTis formaTa Cvenebac; gavixsenoT:
vadginoT ierarqiuli mimarTeba p da h simboloebs Soris: Tu
Txr.: s-Tqu. h-kiTxe. brZ.: Tqu! kiTxe!
p ⋀ p = P da h ⋀ h = H, xolo p ⋀ h = P, maSin p > h (anu, ierar-
pirvel SemTxvevaSi gvaqvs prefiqsebi, meoreSi _ ara,
qiul struqturaSi p ufro maRla dgas, vidre h). Tuki p ⋀ h = H,
Tumca pirianobis TvalsazrisiT maT Soris sxvaoba ar aris.
maSin h > p; da bolos, Tu p ⋀ h ≠ P, da p ⋀ h ≠ H, maSin sa-
yovelive zemoTqmuli dadasturebaa imisa, rom saanalizo
Wiro gaxdeba damatebiTi kriteriumebis Semotana (tranzitu-
prefiqsTa morfologiuri funqcia ar aris mxolod konkre-
lobis Tviseba, diaqroniuli neitralizaciis gaTvaliswine-
tul pirze miniSneba arc istoriulad da arc amJamad; misi
ba...). p da h simboloebi erTmaneTs ⋀ `da~ operatoriT ukav-
mqoneoba zmnur formaSi ar gulisxmobs konkretuli piris
Sirdebian. Caweris gamartivebis mizniT ⋀ operatori SeiZleba
(subieqturisa Tu obieqturis) arsebobas.
gamovtovoT, anu, SemoklebiT gveqneba ph [(p ⋀ h)-is nacvlad].
erTi mxriv, is faqti, rom klasikosi mwerlebi principu-
amosaval oTxklasian sistemaSi martiv c1, c2, c3, c4 simbo-
lad moiTxoven am prefiqsTa dacvas im SemTxvevebSi, sadac
loTa orwevra kombinaciebi, Cveni varaudiT, ase aRiniSneboda:
normis mixedviT maTi arseboba araa gamarTlebuli (ix. g. go-

16 17
 {c1c1, c1c2, c1c3, c1c4} = C1; am SemTxvevaSi Ia etapze diaqroniuli neitralizaciis momentis
{c2c2, c2c3, c2c4} = C2; I etapi gaTvaliswinebiT c4 unda iyos gabatonebul mdgomareobaSi da-
{c3c3, c3c4} = C3; narCeni (c1, c2, c3) simboloebis mimarT: c4 > c1, c4 > c2, c4 > c3
{c4c4} = C4. (t. gurgeniZe 2010). Ia etapidan martivad moxdeboda gadasvla
`zogadi wesis~ mixedviT gveqneboda: III etapze (IV gramatikuli klasis gaqrobis Sedegad).
Tu c1c1 = C1 da c2c2 = C2, xolo c1c2 = C1, maSin c1 > c2; Tu vivaraudebT, rom amosaval sistemaSi `zogadi wesi~ ar
Tu c1c1 = C1 da c3c3 = C3, xolo c1c3 = C1, maSin c1 > c3; moqmedebda da C1, C2, C3, C4 formebiT mxolod erTklasovani
Tu c1c1 = C1 da c4c4 = C4, xolo c1c4 = C1, maSin c1 > c4; (cici saxis) kombinaciebi aRiniSneboda, maSin araerTklasovani
Tu c2c2 = C2 da c3c3 = C3, xolo c2c3 = C2, maSin c2 > c3; (mravalklasovani) cicj saxis kombinaciebisTvis damatebiTi *C5
Tu c2c2 = C2 da c4c4 = C4, xolo c2c4 = C2, maSin c2 > c4; formis arsebobac unda davuSvaT:
Tu c3c3 = C3 da c4c4 = C4, xolo c3c4 = C3, maSin c3 > c4 {c1c1} = C1 {c1c2, c1c3, c1c4} =
anu, amosaval sistemaSi (II etapze) ierarqiuli struqtura {c2c2} = C2 {c2c3, c2c4} = *C5 Ib etapi
aseTi iyo: {c3c3} = C3 {c3c4} =
c1 > c2 > c3 > c4 {c4c4} = C4
IV gramatikuli klasis gaqrobis Semdeg am klasSi Semavali IV gramatikuli klasis moSlis Semdeg ufunqciod darCenilma
sityvebi gadavidnen III klasSi, xolo c4c4 kombinaciis gamoxatva C4 formam Secvala *C5 da Tavis Tavze aiRo araerTklasovani
ikisra C3 formam. ganviTarebis am safexurze gveqneboda: (mravalklasovani) kombinaciebis aRniSvna:
{c1c1, c1c2, c1c3} = C1 {c1c1} = C1 {c1c2, c1c3} =
{c2c2, c2c3} = C2 C4 II etapi {c2c2} = C2 {c2c3} = C4 IIa etapi
{c3c3} = C3 {c3c3} = C3
II etapze C1, C2, C3 formebis paralelurad ixmareba ufunqciod C4 formis mier specifikuri C1, C2, C3 formebis gandevnis Sede-
darCenili C4 forma. Tu ar gaviTvaliswinebT C4 formas, maSin gad advilad moxdeboda IIa etapidan III etapze gadasvla.
`zogadi wesis~ mixedviT II etapze aseTi ierarqiuli struqtu- Teoriulad aseTi amosavali sistemis daSvebac SeiZleba:
ra ivaraudeba: c1 > c2 > c3. da bolos, TandaTan gandevna ra pa- {c1c1} = C1 {c1c2, c1c3, c1c4} =
raleluri C1, C2, C3 formebi, III etapze C4 nebismieri kombina- {c2c2} = C2 {c2c3, c2c4} = C4 Ig etapi
ciis aRmniSvnel erTaderT formad mogvevlina: {c3c3} = C3 {c3c4} =
{c1c1, c1c2, c1c3} = {c4c4} = C4
{c2c2, c2c3} = C4 III etapi am SemTxvevaSi c4c4 kombinaciis aRmniSvneli C4 forma paralelu-
{c3c3} = rad aRniSnavda nebismier araerTklasovan (mravalklasovan)
Tu davuSvebT uSualod I etapidan momdinare Ia sistemas, kombinaciasac. Ig etapze `zogadi wesis~ mixedviT c4 > c1, c4 >
sadac C1, C2 da C3 formebi gamqralia da SemorCenilia erTad- c2, c4 > c3; xolo c1, c2 da c3 simboloebs Soris amave wesiT
erTi C4 forma, romelic nebismier kombinacias aRniSnavs ver davadgenT ierarqiul mimarTebas. IV gramatikuli klasis
{c1c1, c1c2, c1c3, c1c4} = moSlis Semdeg moxdeboda Ig etapidan IIa etapze gadasvla, sai-
{c2c2, c2c3, c2c4} = C4 Ia etapi danac, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, advilia III etapze gadasvla.
{c3c3, c3c4} = zemoT warmovadgineT ganviTarebis oTxi varianti:
{c4c4} = I – II – III ... # 1
a
I – I – III ... # 2

18 19
 Ib – IIa – III ... # 3 wyevlos RmerTma eSmaki da misi monawilec~; `dalaxvraT Cemma
Ig – IIa – III ... # 4 gamCenma~; `gouwyra magaT Cemi gamCeni~; `gagagona dambadebelma
Cven upiratesobas vaniWebT # 1 variants, romlis mixedvi- araferi, Cemi darigeba Sen ver geigone~; `daswyevla da mospo
Tac `zogadi wesi~ moqmedebda amosaval sistemaSi (II etapze) da mama zecierma~...).
Sualedur safexurzec (IIII etapze). personaJebi iwyevlebian RmerTis moxseniebis gareSec.
aseT SemTxvevebSi sityvaTa myari Sexamebis saxelur komponen-
tebad ZiriTadad dasturdeba: miwa miwa (`Tqven gagiwydaT miwa
miwa~...),
wa
saxe
saxeli
xeli (`moispo Tqveni saxe saxeli
xeli~...),
li rjuli
rjuli (`amovarda magaTi
rjuli
rjuli~...),
li Tavi
Tavi (`magas gouskda TavTavi~...), Tvale
Tvalebi
lebi (`magas do-
Tamar vaSakiZe udga Tvale
Tvalebi
lebi~...)
bi da sxv.
zogjer wyevlis formulaSi (romelic rTuli qvewyobili
wyevla
wyevla-
la-muqa
muqaris
qaris,
ris, fici
ficisa
cisa da locvis
locvis formu
formule
mulebi
lebi winadadebiT gadmoicema) isic Cans, Tu ris gamo, ra saqcieli-
d. kldiaS
kldiaSvi
aSvilis
vilis Semoqme
Semoqmede
qmedeb
debaSi saTvis iwyevlebian umweo mdgomareobaSi Cavardnili adamianebi
(`aoxrda Tqveni patroni, ravarc aqauroba aaoxreT~; `moispo
saqarTvelos erT-erTi didi provinciis adekvaturad Tqveni patroni ise, ravarc es Cemi naSromi mospeT da gaaq-
asaxvisas d. kldiaSvili gadamwyvet mniSvnelobas aniWebs per- reT~...).
sonaJTa metyvelebas. ekonomikuri uZlurebis mZafri gancda wyevlas kidev ufro amZafrebs erTi da imave sityvebis
SeigrZnoba gmiris TiToeul sityvasa Tu winadadebaSi (dia- gameoreba (`Tqve
Tqveni
Tqveni sikvdili, Tqveni
Tqveni ar gadarCe
gadarCena
rCena,
na Svilo,
logsa Tu monologSi). Tqveni
Tqveni ar gadarCe
gadarCena
rCena~;
na `Tqven
Tqven gauwydiT Tqvens patrons, Tqven~;
Tqven
damakninebeli cxovrebis oromtrialSi Cabmuli adamiane- miwa
miwa dageyaraT gasawyvetlebs, miwamiwa~;
wa `Sen
Sen dagew
dagewva
gewva es Tavi, Sen
bis tragedia yvelaze naTlad maTsave saubarSi mJRavndeba. am dagew
dagewva
gewva es gverdebi, es,es es~;
es `Sen
Sen dagew
dagewva
gewva sicocxle, Se wyeu-
mxriv saintereso Cans wyevla-muqaris, ficisa Tu locvis for- lis Svilo, Sen dagewdagewva
gewva suli da xorci~; `erT erT dResac
dResac ga-
ga-
mulaTa Seswavla-analizi. `jafas nayofi ara aqvs... Tavs veRar wyveti
wyvetilan
tilan yvela
yvela,
la visac ar vebralebiT, yvela yvela erT dRes ga- ga-
vrCenulobT, welSi vwydebiT muSaobiT, mara ara gamodis ra...~ wyveti
wyvetilan
tilan~...).
lan
_ es aris mizezi d. kldiaSvilis personaJTa wyevlisac, muqa- gmiris gausaZlisi mdgomareoba, wuxili Tu satkivari
risac, locvisac... xSirad oxvriTa da muqariT gamoixateba. aseT SemTxvevebSi Ta-
wyevla-muqara Tu fici, rogorc erTgvari Sveba (Tu Tav- vad personaJi gvevlineba moqmedebis iniciator-Semsruleblad:
dacvis saSualeba), xolo locva, rogorc gansacdelisagan sa- `visganaa, erTi macodina eg yvelaferi? visganaa Semzadebuli,
imedo TavSesafari, mwerlis personaJebisaTvis yoveldRiuri manaxa, rom am xelebiT suli gavacxebino, wiTlad SevRebo, ena
cxovrebis atributad qceula. amovglijo Zirianad, ox me, ox me!~ an kidev: `me ovuxel Tva-
gamwarebuli da dabeCavebuli (xSirad gaborotebuli) lebs, Tu kaci var; macadeT, male yvelas gagiCenT muxlebSi
adamianisaTvis wyevlis aRmsruleblad moiazreba ufali, ro- kankals! male!~
melmac, maTi sityvebiT, unda dalaxvros, mospos, gawyvitos, zogjer fici da muqara erTmaneTs erwymis: `Cems moxuce-
SeaCvenos adresati (is, vis mimarTac wyevla warmoiTqmis). ma- bulobas vficav, marines rom cudi rame SeamTxvioT, verc deda
wyevarisagan ki dauzogavad iwireba da ilaxvreba eSmakic, ada- da verc Svili cocxali ver gadamirCebiT~ (Tumca Zalagamole-
mianic, rjulic, saxl-karic, dReca da saaTic (`daswyevla ul da uimedo aznaurebs arc ficisa da arc muqaris aRsru-
RmerTma is dRe, roca mag oxeri im jagebSi dasaxlda~; `das- leba ar ZaluZT).

20 21
 ificebian d. kldiaSvilis gmirebi yovel wuTsa da wams, maka TeTraZe
ificebian daufiqreblad, gaucnobiereblad, ificebian tyuil-
sa da marTalze: ificeben RmerTs
RmerTs (`RmerTs
RmerTs vficavar, gasaoc- bacbur
bacbur erTmar
erTmarcvli
Tmarcvlia
cvlian CV da VC tipis
tipis saxe
saxelur
xelur fuZe
fuZe-
Ze-
rad dagSvendeba~...), mSoble
mSoblebis
lebis suls (`Sen srulad wagebuli Ta klasi
klasifi
sifika
fikaci
kacii
ciisaTvis
saTvis
ar iqnebi, dedis
dedis suli
suli ar wamiwydes~...), Zmoba
Zmoba-
ba-megob
megobro
gobrobas
robas
(`Zm
Zmo
Zmobas vficavar, me vnanob, ratom Sevebi mag saqmes~...), col-
col- 1. bacburSi saxelur fuZeTa ganxilvisas gamoiyo VC da
Svils (`Sen ar momikvde... col-
col-Svili
Svili ar damexocos~...), saku
saku-
ku- CV tipis erTmarcvliani fuZeebi Semdegi nairsaxeobebiT: a)
Tar Tavs (`meme ar movkvde, besarion, Sen ase iafad ver iSovo VC, VgrC, VdC, VCC, VdCC, VCCC. amave tipSi SeviyvaneT Vn
siZed misTana ymawvili~...). aseTive gatacebiT aficeben sxvebsac saxis sami fuZe, romlebic aRidgenen fuZis bolo Tanxmovans.
(`Sens col-Svils gaficeb, im Sens sayvarel qaliSvils gafi- VC tipis sul 27 fuZe gamoiyofa, romelTa umetesoba nases-
ceb, romlis bednierebas ase mwared eCqarebi, xom aravin Semo- xeb sityvebad iTvleba. am tipis fuZeTa nairgvarobas qmnis er-
gZlevia am dReebSi?~), magram aragulwrfelia maTi fici... eWvs Ti mxriv, anlautis xmovani, romelic Tavisi bunebiT SeiZleba
iwvevs... iyos: martivi, grZeli an difTongi, meore mxriv ki, auslau-
`gmadlob ufalo!~ _ xSirad imeoreben d. kldiaSvilis tis Tanxmovankompleqsebi, romlebic ZiriTadad orwevraa (11)
personaJebi SemaZrwunebeli SiSisagan TavdasaRwevad. gaitanen da erTi qarTulidan Sesuli VCCC tipis fuZe _ `anwl~.
dRevandel dRes uimedod darCenili aznaurebi Tu amowydebi- 2. CV tipis erTmarcvliani fuZeebi warmodgenilia Sem-
an? gaumklavdebian gausaZlis SimSilsa da siRatakes Tu daiq- degi nairsaxeobebiT: sakuTriv cali Tanxmovnisa da xmovnis
cevian samudamod? _ isini uZlurni arian, am kiTxvebze pasuxi erTobliobiT, sadac sada xmovnis (24) garda fuZe SeiZleba
gascen an raime moimoqmedon umweo mdgomareobidan Tavis da- bolovdebodes nazalizebul xmovanze (17), difTongsa (15) da
saRwevad. maT es ar xelewifebaT, maTi Sroma-wvaleba uSede- grZel xmovanze (2). aseve erTmarcvlaini fuZis anlautSi SeiZ-
goa. am gaWirvebas mamazecierma unda mixedos. `amazedac gmad- leba warmodgenili iyos ori an sami Tanxovani erTad. sul
lobo~ _ amitom imeoreben ase xSirad isini, Tumca am sityveb- CV tipis (CV, CVgr, CVn, CVd, CCV, CCVn, CCCV, CCCVn) 85
Si wyena metia, vidre madliereba. struqturuli erTeuli daviTvaleT, sadac aseve umravlesoba
axla ukve Svela-gadarCenas (da ara vinmes mospoba-ganad- nasesxebi saxelia.
gurebas) sTxoven isini gamCens (`RmerTma yovelive mwuxareba 3. Sedarebis mxriv CV tipis fuZeebi, romelTa auslau-
gaSoros~; `RmerTma pirnaTlad gamyofos~; `RmerTma Seni Tavi ti sada xmovniTaa warmodgenili, bacburi enis ZiriTad leqsi-
micocxlos~; `RmerTma giwinamZRvros~...). maTs vedrebas kidev kur fonds miekuTvneba. fuZeebs eZebnebaT Sesatyvisebi sxva
ufro aZlierebs erTi da imave sityvebis ramdenjerme gameoreba naxur enebSi. rac Seexeba nazalizebuli xmovniT daboloebul
(rogorc es wyevlis dros iyo): `RmerT RmerTma
RmerTma mogces
mogces,
gces Svilo, fuZeebs, isini SeiZleba or jgufad davyoT: 1. qarTulidan (an
RmerTma
RmerTma mogces
mogces~;
gces `RmerT
RmerTma
RmerTma gaga
gagaxa
gaxaros
xaros,
ros Seni Wirime, RmerTma
RmerTma qarTulis gziT) Sesuli CVS tipis bolokidura sonoriT
gaga
gagaxa
gaxaros
xaros~;
ros `Rme
RmerT
RmerTma
rTma nu dagi
dagivi
giviwyos
viwyos,
wyos Svilo, yovelive sikeTe, warmodgenili fuZeebi, romlebic CV tipis gamxdaran bacburi
RmerTma
RmerTma nu dagi
dagivi
giviwyos
viwyos~...
wyos Tumca maTi locvac xSirad aragul- enis bunebidan gamomdinare. 2. fuZeebi, romelTac sxva naxur
wrfelia. enebis masalasTan Sepirispirebisas fuZis bolos aRudgebaT
iwyevlebian, imuqrebian, ificebian da ilocebian Tanxmovani.
d. kldiaSvilis personaJebi _ sasowarkveTilni, umweoni, uqo- specialur literaturaSi aseve ganxilulia CVd tipis
nelni... gaufasurebulia maTi saqmec da sityvac. fuZeebi, romelTa rekonstuqciisasac CVC tipi aRdgeba (r.
gagua, l. sanikiZe). amgvarad, CV tipis fuZeTa gaanalizebisas
22 23
amosavlad isev am tipis struqtura mxolod erTeul saxeleb-
Si aRdgeba.
4. CV da VC tipis fuZeebSi warmodgenili Tanxmovankom-
pleqsebi Semdeg nairgvarobebs gvaZlevs: a) is orwevra kom-
pleqsebi, romlebic qarTulidan Sesul fuZeebs daucavs: aus-
lautSi _ CS, CSp, SpSp, anlautSi _ SSp, CS, SpSp, SpC, SpS. b)
sakuTriv bacbur saxelebSi warmodgenilia Semdegi orwevra
Tanxmovankompleqsebi: auslautSi _ SC, CSp, anlautSi _ SpC,
CSp, CC (1).
samwevra kompleqsebi mxolod nasesxeb saxelebSia dacu-
li sxvadasxva mimdevrobis TanxmovnebiT, Tu ar CavTvliT
`fstu~ saxels, sadac istoriulad orwevra kompleqsi SpC
gamoiyofa.
vaxtang imnaiSvili
Zveli
Zveli qarTu
qarTuli
Tuli enis leqsi
leqsiki
sikidan
kidan
8. manda
manda
sulxan-saba orbelianis leqsikonSi ganmartebulia: `mand
_ magave adgils~.
`qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikonis~ mixedviT, `mand
mand,
mand,
manda
manda niSnavs: `im adgilas, sadac imyofeba is piri, romelsac
mimarTaven~.
rogorc wesi, manda
manda araa axsnili Zveli qarTulis leqsi-
konebSi (maT Soris Zvel teqstebs darTul leqsikonebSic). mi-
iCneven, rom mas uZveles ZeglebSi dRevandeli mniSvneloba
hqonda da, amdenad, gansamartavi araferia.
`SuSanikis wamebaSi~ aris aseTi adgili: `da Cuen-Ra amas
ganvizraxevdiT, movida yrma erTi da Tqua: `iakob manda
manda ar-
sa?~ da me varqu: `ra ginebs?~ da man mrqua: `uwess pitiaxSi~.
ratom ar SeiZleba, varsqenis mier gamogzavnil kacs ekiTxa:
`iakobi aq aris?~ gana es ucnaurad JRers?
analogiuri SemTxveva gvaqvs `vefxistyaosanSi~:
24
`ZoRan xelqmnilsa giWvretdi kubosa Sigan mjdomia,
manda
manda yvelai masmia, raca Sen gardagxdomia~ (378,4).
`vefxistyaosnis~ aT xelnawerSi (FIJKLORTZY) mandas mandas
enacvleba `aqa~, es faqti Cveni SemTxvevisTvis sagulisxmo vara-
udis gamoTqmis SesaZleblobas iZleva: gamodis, rom V saukune-
Sica da Sua saukuneebSic mandas mandas SeiZleboda hqonoda `aq~
zmnizedis mniSvneloba.
Zvel teqstebSi manda
manda metwilad dRevandeli mniSvnelobiT
ixmareboda: `nu STahvardebi wyalsa magas Sida, rameTu borot
arian mƒecni ege, romelni iyofian manda
manda Sida~ (`wameba wmidi-
sa Teklasi~); `hrqua mas dedakacman man: `ra gnebavs, Semoved
da mauwye me, xolo me manda
manda ara moval~ (ioane mosxi, `limona-
ri~); `hrqua mas kacman man, romelman mimiyvana me: `Semoslva
gunebavs manda
manda,
da gangჳRe da SemovideT~. miugo kacman man Sinaga-
niT da hrqua: `vervin maTgani Semovals adgilsa amas~ (iqve).
zogierT SemTxvevaSi mandas
mandas Tanabrad SeiZleba miesadagos
rogorc `mand~, ise `aq~ zmnizedebi, zogan ki ufro advilia
mandas
mandas mniSvnelobis calsaxad dadgena, radgan teqstSi pirda-
piri dapirispirebaa aqa da manda
manda zmnizedebisa: `miuZRჳn Rmer-
Ti amaT aqeT da manda
manda~
da~ (`moqceva qarTlisa~); odes-igi gamo-
xuediT simravle qalaqisa da eZiebdiT RmerTTa maT TquenTa,
... maSin me manda
manda viyav (iqve b). ufro Zvel a redaqciaSia: maSin
me mun viyav~.
amaT gverdiT gvxvdeba iseTi magaliTebi, romlebSic mandamanda
zmnizedas dRevandelis sapirispiro gageba aqvs da `aqa~ Seesa-
tyviseba: qvemoT moxmobili yvela nimuSi mandas mandas WeSmariti
mniSvnelobis dasadgenad Sedarebulia berZnul, germanul da
rusul teqstebTan. ase rom, orazrovneba aq gamoricxulia:
`maSin movida iesu dabasa mas, ... da hrqua maT: dasxediT
manda
manda vidremde mivide iqi da viloco~ (maTe 26,36); `hrqua maT
mose: degiT manda
manda da vismino, ra-Zi brZanos ufalman Tqu-
enT‚s~ (ricxuTa 9,8); `hrqua abraham monaTa T‚sTa: dasxediT
manda
manda karaulsa Tana da me da yrma ese warvideT vidre iqimde
da Tayuanis-vsceT da movaqcioT Tquendave~ (dabadeba 22,5.
asea A da S xelnawerebSi. C da B xelnawerebSi ki mas sinoni-
muri `aqa~ cvlis: `dasxediT aqa~); gety‚ Tquen WeSmaritad:
`arian vinme manda
manda mdgomareTaganni, romelTa ara ixilon gemo
25
sikudilisa, vidremde ixilon sasufeveli RmrTisa~ (luka
9,27); `aw daadgeriT manda
manda Tquenca Ramesa amas da vcna, ra
SesZinos ufalman Tqumad Cemda momarT~ (ricxuTa 22,19 ge-
laT); `hrqua mose ZeTa gadisTa da ZeTa rubenisTa: Zmani Tqu-
enni vidodin brZolad da Tquen hsxdeT manda
manda?~
da (ricxuTa
32,6 gelaT); `hrqua iesu mowafeTa TჳsTa: dasxediT Tquen man- man-
da wuT erT, vidremde mivide da Tayuanis-vsce~ (markoz 14,32).
ukanaskneli nimuSi latalis xelnaweridan aris damowmebuli.
sxva xelnawerebSi, maT Soris adiSur redaqciaSic, manda manda ar
gvxvdeba. Sesatyvis adgilas iq gvaqvs: `dasxediT aqa~
aqa~.
es magaliTi metad sayuradReboa. Cans, IX saukunis miwu-
rulisTvis, roca qarTul oTxTavebs Soris erT-erTi yvelaze
xnovani adiSis saxareba gadaiwera, mandas
mandas xmarebas dRevandeli
mniSvnelobiT safuZveli moerya (bunebrivia, Tavdapirvelad ze-
pir metyvelebaSi, Semdeg ki werilobiT ZeglebSic), raki adi-
Sis redaqciis gadamwerma igi `aqa~-Ti Secvala. safiqrebelia,
rom im droisTvis zogierTi Zeglis gadamwerma xeli ar axlo
mandas
mandas da es forma ucvlelad, Zveli saxiT datova. sxvebma ki,
mandas
mandas omonimur bunebas rom SecdomaSi ar Seeyvana mkiTxveli,
Tavi aarides am orsaxa zmnizedas da kargad gakvaluli gziT
amjobines am meryeobisTvis moevloT _ erTxel da samudamod
aqa daamkvidres.
gracSi dacul erT X saukunis xelnawers Semounaxavs
iovane-zosimes anderZi: `wmidano mamano, SemindveT. amis Jamis-
wirvisa dedasa mravali gangeba da locvebi da sityuebi ak-
lda TaviTgan vidre dasasrulamde, viTa me vicode moZRuarTa-
gan da CemTa JamiswirvaTa Sina ewera da ver diad Cemisa guli-
sa iyo. xolo vin mawe maweri
werieb
riebda
ebda,
da, meved
mevedre
vedrebo
reboda
boda friad
friad,
ad, ra
raTa
ra
ra magas
magas Sina
Sina sweria
sweria,
ria, igia
igia oden dami
damiwe
miwereo
wereo.
reo aw igia oden
damiCxrekia diad gulisklebiTa, yoveli daklebuleba Cemi Se-
mindveT, RmrTisaT‚s~. zogi gadamweri, albaT, ar emorCilebo-
da am brZanebismagvar vedrebas da, miuxedavad daJinebuli mo-
Txovnisa, mainc Tavisi Tanadrouli formebiT cvlida misi az-
riT moZvelebulebs.
maSasadame, Zvel qarTulSi mandas
mandas hqonda rogorc mand,
mand,
aseve, SedarebiT iSviaTad, magram mainc, aqa zmnizedis mniSvne-
lobac. roca enaSi erTi sityva or sxvadasxva cnebas gadmo-

26
scems, erTmaneTTan SeuTavsebels, aRreva rom ar moxdes, es s.-qarTv. *susx-//*SuSx- > qarT. susx-i `mZafri, mwvave si-
orsaxovneba unda moiSalos, moispos. Cvens SemTxvevaSic, vfiq- cive _ yinva~, da-susx-av-s `auwvavs (kans _ WinWari); daazrobs,
rob, ase moxda. erT sityvaSi Cadebuli ori erTmaneTis sapi- dawvavs (susxi, yinva _ mcenares); da-SuSx-av-s `dawvavs (pirs,
rispiro Sinaarsis gasamijnavad manda
manda odnav saxecvlilili enas... cxare rame); igivea, rac dasusxavs~; (gur.) da-SuSx-v-a
formiT, bolokiduri a-s mokveciT, magram Zveli SinaarsiT `dasusxva, kanis daxeTqva sicivisa an qarisgan~, (imer.) SuSx-i
SemorCa enas, xolo pirveli piris siaxlovis maCveneblad axa- `Zlier Savi, damwvari~, SuSx-ia `WinWari~, Sdr.: (qegl.) SuSx-s
li sityvis Semotana enaSi saWiro aRar gamxdara, radgan masSi miscems (saubr.) `gaujavrdeba, datuqsavs, Seaxurebs~ (> SuSx-i
odiTganve iyo damkvidrebuli saTanado Sinaarsis Semcveli (fS.) `SiSi, morideba~ _ SiSx-aT-i (gur.) `daSineba simkac-
zmnizeda aqa.
aqa. riT~?); (n. Cubin., d. Cubin.) sisx-a, sisx-am-i `Semwveli sicive~ :
bask. suski-tu `yinvisgan xelebisa da fexebis gaSeSeba (?); setyvis
mier bostneulis ganadgureba~;
s.-qarTv. *farcx- > qarT. farcx-i `iaraRi xnulis
beltis dasaSlelad, miwis gasafxviereblad~; zan. (megr.) bucx-
levan kelauraZe a/bircx-a `frCxili~, (laz.) bucx-a `frCxili, focxi~; svan. la-
f@cx-ir, la-fcx-ir... `focxi~, na-facx, na-facx-E..~nafarcxi~ :
saer
saerTo
erToqar
ToqarTve
qarTvelur
Tvelur harmo
harmoni
moniul
niul kompleqs
kompleqsTa
pleqsTa bur. phask `farcxi~;
Sesa
Sesat
satKviso
visoba
sobaTa
baTaTvis
TaTvis buru
buruSul
ruSulsa
Sulsa da baskur
baskur enebSi
enebSi s.-qarTv. *cocx-//c1oc1x- > qarT. cocx-i (saba) `mosagve-
li~, (n. Cubin.) `balaxi, romlisagan Seiqmonen sagvelsa; ewode-
im saerToqarTveluri harmoniuli kompleqsebis fardad, ba TÂT mas sagvelsaca~; (d. Cubin.) `mcenare, romlisagan Seiqmo-
romelTa pirveli wevric sibilantia (ZR, cx, Cq, Sx, Sq...), bu- nen sagvelsa; an TviT sagveli~; zan. (megr.) cocx-i `caxi (= ba-
ruSul da baskur enebSi (inlautsa da auslautSi) Sesabamisi laxeuli kona an foTlebiani fiCxi, romelsac udeben abreSu-
rigis sibilanturi spirantisa da yru araaspirirebuli vela- mis Wias parkis gasakeTeblad)~; [megr.] (dadasturebuli aWa-
ruli xSulis kompleqsebi (bur. sk, k, bask. zk, sk) vlindeba. rulsa da gurulSi) CorCx-i, CorCx-v-a; svan. C@Cx, CeCx `cocxi~
magaliTebi: : bask. (zn., qn.) zuzki, (b., qn.) izuzke, izuzki, (b., qn.) itzuski, (b., g.,
s.-qarTv. *buCq- > qarT. buCq-i : bur. muk `tye, tevri, zn.) isuski, (b.) itsuski, itxuski, xuxki `cocxi~;
ekalbardi~, muṣqu `foTliani totebi (moWrili, cxvris sakve- s.-qarTv. *w1yal- > qarT. wyal-ob-a, Se-wyal-eb-a; zan.
bad)~ : bask. muskil `1. ylorti; rto; 2. nayofi, mosavali~; mo- (megr.) Wyol-of-u-a `wyaloba~ : bask. esker, eskar `madliereba;
skildu `tevri, xSiri buCqnari~ (Sdr. brauni 1998); (viRacis, raRacis) wyalobiT; qvelmoqmedeba, saCuqari; RvTaeb-
s.-qarTv. *zizR-//*sisx-//*wiwk- (?) > qarT. zizR-eb-a (saba) rivi madli~ (furne 1989).
`Wama eavos~, sisx-i (n. Cubin., d. Cubin.) `xusturi, sianCxle;
каприз~; zan. (megr.) wiwk-i `azizi; zizRiani; wunia~; svan. sisg,
sisk `zizRi, siZulvili~ (?) : bask. siska `kaprizi, axireba~, xix-
ka `cudi ganwyoba; usiamovneba, zizRi, Suri...~;
s.-qarTv. *laZR-//lazR- > qarT. lanZR-v-a `gineba~, lazR-
andara `ulazaTo, uxamsi oxunji~... : bask. (b., zn.) lazka `areu-
loba; konfliqti~, lazkatu `areva~, lazkeria `uxeSoba (sityviT an
qmedebiT)~;

27 28
cicino kvantaliani kidev erTi patara dazusteba: sakmaod xSirad amokleben
wminda
wminda formas. weren: wm.
wm. gior
giorgi
orgi,
gi, wm.
wm. maxa
maxare
xarebe
rebeli
beli,
li, wm.
wm. moci
mociqu
ciqu-
qu-
lebi
lebi.
bi. Cveni azriT, aseTi Semokleba ar aris mizanSewonili,
wminda da wmida forma
formaTa
maTa monac
monacvle
nacvleo
vleobisa
bisaTvis
saTvis
erTgvar uxerxulobasac ki iwvevs. vfiqrobT, wminda
wminda forma
srulad unda iwerebodes. wm.wm. aris wamis
wamis Semoklebuli forma.
bolo ramdenime welia wmindawminda da wmida
wmida formebi aRreulia.
ori sxvadasxva sityvis erTnairi daweriloba ki sworad ar mi-
erTmaneTis gverdiT gamoiyeneba wmindawminda _ wmida
wmida da am fuZidan
gvaCnia. Tanac wminda
wminda isedac patara sityvaa da misi srulad
nawarmoebi formebi: wmindawmindani
dani _ wmida
wmidani
dani,
ni, yovlad
yovlad wminda
wminda _
dawera sirTules ar warmoadgens.
yovlad
yovlad wmida
wmida,
da, sul
suliwmin
iwminda
minda _ suliw
suliwmi
liwmida
mida,
da, uwmin
uwminde
mindesi
desi _ uwmi
uwmi-
mi-
desi
desi da sxva.
Tanamedrove qarTulis viTareba aseTia: sasuliero litera-
turis garda, yvelgan gamoiyeneba wminda wminda,
da, Sesabamisad, wminda
wminda-
da-
ni,
ni, uwmin
uwminde
mindesi
desi,
si, yovlad
yovlad wminda
wminda formebi. guCa k v a r a c x e l i a, l e v a n vaSakiZe
wmida
wmida forma umetesad gamoiyeneba sasuliero literatura-
Si. weren: wmida
wmida mame
mamebi
mebi,
bi, wmida
wmida mowa
mowame
wame,
me, wmida
wmida gior
giorgi
orgi,
gi, wmida
wmida
biZina foCxuas Tezaurusi,
Tezaurusi, rogorc qarTuli enis
sino
sinodi
nodi,
di, uwmi
uwmide
midesi
desi wmida
wmidanad
danad Sera
Seracxa
racxa da sxva.
Sinaarsobrivi planis paradigmatuli modeli
Cveni azriT
azriT,
riT umjobesia wmidawmida,
da, wmida
wmidani
dani,
ni, yovlad
yovlad wmiwmida da
msgavsi formebi gamoyenebuli iyos citatebSi, Tu is wminda
prof. b. foCxuam cxovrebis ukanaskneli 15 weli qarTuli
werilidan an sxva religiuri xasiaTis Txzulebidan iqneba mo-
enis ideografiuli leqsikonis Sedgenas miuZRvna. man martom
yvanili, radgan Zvel qarTulSi ase iyo. danarCen SemTxvevaSi
Seasrula uaRresad masStaburi samuSao im pirobebSi, roca
ki gamoviyenoT n-sonoriani formebi: wminda wminda,
da, wminda
wmindani
dani,
ni, yovlad
yovlad
leqsikografiuli masalis avtomaturi mopovebisa da damuSave-
wminda
wminda.
da. e.i. vweroT axali qarTuliT, Zveli qarTulis formebi
bis araviTari saSualeba ar arsebobda CvenSi. mecnierma kargad
ki gamoviyenoT citatebSi.
icoda, rom amgvari leqsikonis dasruleba da gamocema erTi
vfiqrobT, saWiroa kidev ramdenime dazusteba. qarTuli
adamianis SesaZleblobebs aRemateboda. igi werda: `ideografi-
enis orTografiul leqsikonSi suliw suliwmi
liwmida
midaa
daa mocemuli. dRevan-
uli leqsikonis Sedgena-gamocema kidec rom dagviandes, karto-
deli viTarebidan gamomdinare, albaT SeiZleba paraleluri
Teka mainc gauwevs daxmarebas maT, visac Tanamedrove qarTuli
formis daSveba. suliw
suliwmin
liwminda
minda forma ukve farTod aris gavrce-
enis leqsikaSi – rogorc igi warmodgenilia qeglSi – moe-
lebuli. suliw
suliwmin
liwminda
minda/
da/suliw
suliwmi
liwmida
mida formebis Tanaarseboba dasaS-
surveba ama Tu im TemasTan dakavSirebuli sityvebis gacnoba~.
vebad migvaCnia.
da marTlac, wlebis manZilze gauwevia es daxmareba Cveni ko-
rac Seexeba yovlad
yovlad wminda
wminda formas, vfiqrobT, es ukve ga-
legebisaTvis `masalebs qarTuli ideografiuli leqsikonisa-
kompozitebulia da msgavsad suliw suliwmi
liwmidi
midisa
disa SeiZleba erTad iwe-
Tvis~ – ase uwodebda Tavis namoRvawars avtori.
rebodes: yovlad
yovladwmin
ladwminda
wminda.
da.
uSualod Tezaurusis Seqmnas win uZRoda b. foCxuas ma-
wmida
wmidaTa
daTa wmwmidas SemTxvevaSi ki albaT umjobesia es forma
RalRirebuli da Cvens sinamdvileSi unikaluri naSromebi,
iseve iwerebodes, rogorc aris orTografiul leqsikonSi:
rom araferi vTqvaT mis monografiaze (`qarTuli enis leqsi-
wmida
wmidaTa
daTa wmida
wmida.
da. marTalia, n--sonoriani formebic sakmao sixSi-
kologia~, 1974), romlis Sesaxebac Tin. SaraZeniZe werda: `es
riT gamoiyeneba, magram jerjerobiT wmida wmidaTa
daTa wmida
wmida formac mya-
SinaarsiT uaRresad datvirTuli naSromi, Tanabari uflebiT
rad inarCunebs Tavis upiratesobas.
SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT rogorc Teoriul enaTmecnierebas, ise

29 30
qarTuli enis leqsikologiis sferos... es monografia Tamamad roman lolua
gauwevs metoqeobas evropul enebze daweril saukeTeso leqsi-
kografiul gamokvlevebs~. moyvanili Sefaseba ganvlilma aT- kavka
kavkasi
kasiis
siis alba
albanu
banuri
nuri anba
anbanis
banis aso-
aso-niSan
niSanTa
SanTa rao
raodeno
denobis
nobis
wleulebma daadastura. dadge
da dgeni
dgenisa
nisaTvis
saTvis
biZina foCxuam Tavis mier Seqmnili sinoptikuri sqema daudo
safuZvlad qeglis mTeli masalis sistematizacias. Sedegad mivi- cnobilia kavkasiis albanuri anbanis mxolod ori avTentu-
ReT Tezaurusi, romelSic eqspliciturad asaxulia leqsikur ri da, safiqrebelia, sruli nusxa. isini warmodgenilia: XV s. ma-
erTeulTa Soris paradigmatuli semantikuri kavSirebi – saerTo tenadaranis (eCmiaZinis) #7117 xelnawerSi, romelic 1937 wels
Tematur Tu sazrisul maCveneblebTan dakavSirebuli sityvebis eCmiaZinSi il. abulaZem moiZia da XVI s. aseve somxur xelnawerSi,
gaerTianeba velebSi. amave gziT ganisazRvreba TiToeuli leqse- romelic iqna aRmoCenili 1956 wels aSS-Si armenolog a. qurdi-
mis adgili sazrisTa sistemurad organizebul kontinuumSi. anis mier. ukanaskneli nusxa #7117 xelnawerSi warmodgenili
mniSvnelovania gaixazos, rom am saerToenobriv TezaurusSi yove- albanuri anbanis asli unda iyos. aRsaniSnavia, rom orive nusxa-
li sityva Sepirispirebulia mTels leqsikonTan da misi gansa- Si aso-niSanTa raodenoba 52-s Seadgens, Tumca albanur palim-
zRvra SesaZlebelia qarTul enaSi gamoxatul mniSvnelobaTa fsestSi mxolod 49 aso-bgera gvxvdeba [giperti, Sulce, aleqsi-
sruli moculobis safuZvelze: yoveli sityva xasiaTdeba im se- Ze, mae 2009: II 4-6]. aqedan, SesaZleblad gvesaxeba matenadaranisa
mantikur velTa erTobliobiT, romelSic igi Sedis. rogorc vxe- da a. qurdianis xelnawerTa 46 grafemis identifikacia palim-
davT, Tezaurusuli meTodiT sityvis mniSvnelobaTa aRwera gan- fsestis Sesabamis niSnebTan (3 niSnis grafikuli identifikacia,
sxvavebulia qeglSi mocemuli aRwerisagan, romelic leqsikur Cveni azriT, garkvevas moiTxovs), xolo erTi aso-bgerac (#32
mniSvnelobaTa komponentur analizs ufro misdevs. `ja
ja
ja~ ) dasturdeba kavkasiis albanur epigrafikaSi, kerZod
biZina foCxuas gardacvalebis (1981 w.) Semdeg zogadi enaT- warweraSi #2 kramitis natexze.
mecnierebis ganyofilebam gamosacemad moamzada da dabeWda `Ta-
namedrove qarTuli enis ideografiuli leqsikoni, I~ (redaqto-
rebi: l. abulaZe, l. enuqiZe, m. maWavariani, T. SaraZeniZe – mT.
redaqtori), sadac warmodgenilia aracocxali bunebis, mcena-
reebisa da cxovelebis amsaxveli leqsikis ideografiuli daxa-
siaTeba. es samuSaoc `manualuri wesiT~ Sesrulda da misi gan-
xorcieleba warmoudgenlad Sromatevadi aRmoCnda. rom ara gr a fi t i # 2 k ra mi t is na t e x z e sayuradReboa sxva
redaqtorTa uangaro enTuziazmi, gardacvlili kolegis didi kuTxiTac. s. muraviovis azriT, warwera warmoadgens albanuri
pativiscema da siyvaruli, SesaZloa wigns verc exila mzis si- anbanis fragments (#29-33), magram aRniSnavs, rom grafitis
naTle. avtorma #32 aso-bgeris magier SecdomiT gamosaxa masze #34
dRes viTareba Secvlilia im TvalsazrisiT, rom b. foCxu- [muraviovi 1981: 280-281].
as sinoptikuri sqemisa da misive xeliT qeglSi Setanili ko- Cven viziarebT s. muraviovis mosazrebas, Tumca, vfiq-
duri sistemis avtomatizebis gziT Seqmnilia leqsikonis eleq- robT, rom warweris avtors ar dauSvia Secdoma. Cveni azriT,
tronuli samuSao versia saZiebo programiTurT (l. vaSakiZe), matenadaranis nusxaSi es grafema damaxinjebuli saxiT gvxvdeba
rac Semdgom muSaobas sagrZnoblad gaaadvilebs. _ (#32): sakmarisia avwioT misi marcxena kauWi, rom mivi-
moxsenebis bolos warmodgenili iqneba aRniSnuli eleq- RoT warweris me-4 grafema. aRniSnuli niSani ar SeiZleba Ca-
tronuli versia. iTvalos albanuri anbanis #34-d (d). igi ar aris TavSekruli

31 32
da damatebiTi marjvniv mimarTuli xazi aqvs. lo meore niSani gaxsnili zeda rgoliT xasiaTdeba. aseve, Cve-
unda vivaraudoT, rom im WurWelze, romlis natexic ni azriT, SeuZlebelia warweris me-5 niSnis identifikacia
SemogvrCa, gamosaxuli iyo albanuri anbani mTlianad. gamomdi- rogorc #42 r aso-bgerasTan (r) [abramiani 1964: 58-59], ise
nare iqidan, rom natexze pirveli niSnis win carieli adgilia, #43 k niSanTan () [klimovi 1967: 78].
SesaZlebelia, rom masze warmodgenili anbani gayofili iyo
monakveTebad. mainc ramden grafemiani monakveTebi gvqonda? Tu
gaviTvaliswinebT imas, rom pirveli grafema albanuri anbanis
#29-s warmoadgens, win unda gvqonoda 28 aso-bgera an SesaZ-
loa meti, magram araviTar SemTxvevaSi naklebi. es mosazreba qeTevan margiani-subari
emyareba im faqts, rom matenadaranis xelnawerSi, sxva alfabe-
tebis gadmocemisas ar gvaqvs arc erTi SemTxveva zedmeti niS-
subka
subkate
katego
tegori
goria
riaTa omoni
omonimi
nimii
miisa da maTi
maTi seman
semanti
mantiku
tikuri
kuri
nis Camatebisa (garda arabulisa, sadac orjer meordeba erTi
urTi
urTier
TierTmi
erTmimar
TmimarTe
marTebi
Tebisa
bisaTvis
saTvis svanur
svanur enaSi
enaSi
da igive aso-bgera), daklebis SemTxvevebi ki xSiria. 28 iyofa
2-ze, 4-ze, 7-ze da 14-ze. amasTan gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom
erTi da igive zmnuri forma, fraza an winadadeba zoga-
TiToeuli monakveTi 5-6 grafemaze naklebi ar SeiZleba yofi-
di lingvistikis poziciebidan sxvadasxva konteqstSi SeiZleba
liyo (natexze gamosaxul niSanTa raodenoba). aqedan gamomdi-
iyos evidencialuri (morfosintaqsuri kategoria) an admira-
nare, dalagebis principi unda yofiliyo 28X2, 14X4 an kidev
tiuli (semantikuri kategoria), rac ganpirobebulia im faq-
7X8 da jami iqneba 56. SesaZlebelia, bolo monakveTi yofiliyo
tiT, rom am kategoriebisTvis ZiriTadi baza saerToa _ per-
nakluli, magram Cven savaraudod mainc viRebT 55-56, Sdr. z.
feqtul dro-kiloTa formebi. am TvalsazrisiT svanuri gamo-
aleqsiZis Tvalsazriss: `albanur teqstSi grafemaTa saerTo
naklisi ar aris _ is (iseve, rogorc danarCeni qarTveluri ene-
raodenoba unda yofiliyo 54-56~ [aleqsiZe 2003: 151]; a. abra-
bi) miekuTvneba im enaTa ricxvs, romlebSic perfeqti srulad
mianic miiCnevda, rom somxur, qarTul da berZnul alfabetTa
aris ganviTarebuli, funqciurad datvirTulia da rTulia
analogiiT, sadac ricxviTi mniSvnelobebis gadmocemis mizniT
zRvris gavleba evidencialobis kategoriasa da semebs Soris,
aso-bgeraTa raodenoba iyofoda 9-ze, albanurSic unda gvqo-
radgan isini umetesad erTsa da imave zmnur formebs iyeneben.
noda 54 grafema [abramiani 1964: 34].
am kuTxiT admirativis gansakuTrebuli siaxlove ikveTeba
samecniero literaturaSi sxvagvari Sexedulebac gamoiT-
iseT evidencialebTan, rogoricaa: konkluzivi, inferentivi da
qva am warweris wakiTxvis Sesaxeb, mag., SeiZleba aRiniSnos, rom
gadmocemiToba. maTi, rogorc teqsturi kategoriebis, urTierT-
a. abramiani warweras Semdegnairad kiTxulobs: ma maRa
Raè `ubadru-
Ra gamijvna SesaZlebelia mxolod am fenomenTa arsisa da zogad
ki~ [abramiani 1964, 58-59].
lingvistikaSi miRebuli interpretaciebis srulad gaTvalis-
g. klimovis wakiTxvaa: ma manas
nas[e
nas e] (sakuTari saxelia, winebiT konteqstis farglebSi.
mkvlevris azriT) [klimovi 1967: 78].
iribi
iribi eviden
evidenci
dencia
cialoba
loba aucileblad gulisxmobs mTqmelis-
v. Sulce ase kiTxulobs: ma mana
na[kk] (sakuTari saxeli ?)
na Tvis informaciis wyaros arsebobas, am informaciis arapirda-
[Sulce 2005: 18].
pir aRqmulobas, Tumca es wyaro SeiZleba iyos rogorc sxva
ver gaviziarebT aRniSnul mosazrebebs: warweris me-2 da
piri (SesaZloa, impersonaluric), aseve Tavad subieqtis
me-4 niSnebi SeuZlebelia albanuri anbanis #1 a a aso-bgerad
(mTqmelis) goneba-cnobiereba-mexsiereba, ris safuZvelzec ake-
miviCnioT. es niSnebi moxazulobiT gansxvavdebian: pirvel Se-
Tebs igi garkveul daskvnas da gvawvdis mogvianebiT gaTavisebu-
mTxvevaSi grafemas zedmeti, marjvniv mimarTuli xazi aqvs, xo-
li (da ara movlenis Tanadrouli) informaciis saxiT.
33 34
 admi
admira
mirati
ratiu
tiuli mniSvne
mniSvnelo
vneloba
loba ki gulisxmobs, rom mTqmeli †ˆjˆ `TeTri~; †ˆ `naTeli~ (es Ziri calke ar ixmareba) +
Tavad aris informaciis mflobeli, informacia asaxavs saqmis sufiqsi jˆ.jˆ
obieqtur viTarebas da aris sruli (am TvalsazrisiT admira- ¬¶ˆwa
¬¶ˆwa `Savi~, `muqi~ (a. abregovi am fuZes ase aanalizebs
tiuloba erTiandeba pirdapirevidencialobasTan). aRqmis pir- ¬¶°–
¦ Р`feri~ + pwРpwР`Savi~.
dapiroba-iribobasTan erTad, am modalobebis gasamijnavad gan- ƒar– `Savi~, romelic gamoiKeneba tKavis feris aGsaniSna-
ƒar–
sakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania is detali, rom `admiratiuloba vad, Turqulidan aris nasesxebi (Sdr. Turq. qara `Savi~, `muqi~).
SeiZleba aRvweroT mxolod rogorc obieq obieqtu
eqturi
turi sinam
sinamdvi
namdvilis
dvilis Ÿag°ˆs
ˆs¶°–– `ruxi~ (Ÿag
ag ˆs¶ Ÿag°
Ÿag `ruxi~ + s¶°–– `feri~).
gamovle
gamovlena
vlena (aRmoCe
aRmoCena
Cena)
na) metyve
metyvele
tyvelebis
lebis moment
momentSi
mentSi.
Si admiratiulobi-
3. qromatuli ferebidan, adiGeurSi speqtris Svidi feri-
sa da pirdapirevidencialobis opozicia ki SeiZleba aRiweros
dan gvxvdeba sami feri.
rogorc `mzaoba/aramzaoba aRqmisTvis~ (kozinceva). admiratiu-
G°––jˆ `KviTeli~, `narinJisferi~; am sitKvis G°ˆ ˆ `gaSroba~,
li mniSvnelobis SemTxvevaSi `informacia mTqmelisTvis axalia
`gaxmoba~, `gamxmari balaxis feri~. q. lomTaTiZis mixedviT, am
da ar aris integrirebuli miseul samyaros suraTSi~ (dele-
sitKvis pirveli nawili ukavSirdeba qarTul Kv-s Kv sitKvaSi
si). misi semantika umetesad dakavSirebulia gakvirvebis gamo-
KviTe
KviTelili j _ derivaciuli sufiqsia.
Teli;
xatvasTan swored Tqmis momentSi.
S´xant
xant– `mwvane~, `cisferi~; `ruxi~. adiGeuri enis ganmar-
ase magaliTad: winadadeba petre
petre J'ax
J axsi
axsipa
sipa (`petre waqceu-
tebiTi leqsikonis mixedviT, es termini qromatulTan erTad
la~)! admi
admira
mirati
ratiu
tiulia,
lia Tu mTqmeli Tavad waadga Tavs waqceul
aqromatul fersac gamoscems, rac udaod sainteresoa da
petres; Tumca igive teqsti iribevidencialuria sxva situaci-
adiGeuri enis Taviseburebas warmoadgens.
ebSi: a) konklu
konkluzi
kluziu
ziuria
ri Tu mTqmeli movlenis Semswre ki ar
termini ƒaS´x°ˆˆ `cisferi~, `lurJi~, `mwvane~ (Sdr.: S´x°ˆ ˆ
aris, aramed SeamCnia, rom petres talaxiani tansacmeli acvia
`mwvane~), farTo semantikuri veliT xasiaTdeba. saKuradGeboa,
da am faqtis ganzogadebiT akeTebs daskvnas; b) gadmoce
gadmocemi
cemiTia
miTia,
Tia
rom analogiuri viTareba gvaqvs megrulSi da qarTuli enis
Tu mTqmeli mas sxvisgan miRebul (gagonil...) informaciad
zog dasavlur dialeqtSi (e. i. `mwvane~ da `lurJi~ feri erTi
gvawvdis.
sitKviT aGiniSneba).
flÀˆjˆ `wiTeli~; flÀ
flÀ flÀˆ `wiTeli~ + sufiqsi j. flÀ flÀˆ damo-
ukideblad ar ixmareba. g. rogava saanalizo fuZeSi gamoKofs
gaqvavebuli klasis niSans f-(<b b-) da lÀˆ `sisxli~ Zirs.
toladSerwKmuli fuZeebis mqone kompozitia `narinJisfe-
koba miTagvaria
ris~ aGmniSvneli termini G°ajˆ ajˆ-S´–flÀ
ajˆ- flÀ: G°––jˆ `KviTeli~ + S´–
flÀ `vardisferi~, rac aSkarad gviandeli movlenaa.
flÀ
ferTa
ferTa aGmniSvne
aGmniSvneli
vneli leqsi
leqsikis
sikis Ziri
ZiriTa
riTadi
Tadi termi
termine
minebi
nebi
adiGeur enaSi
enaSi 4. nairgvari elferis aGmniSvneli Kvela sitKva nawarmoe-
1. ferTa aGmniSvneli terminologia Koveli enis leqsiku- bia (kompoziti Tu derivati).
ri fondis umniSvnelovanesi nawilia.
a) aqromatuli ferebi
adiGeur enaSi, ferTa aGmniSvneli sitKvebis iseTi simrav-
†ˆjˆbz `qaTqaTa TeTri~, bz sufiqsis meSveobiT gadmoice-
le ara gvaqvs, rogorc _ qarTulSi. ma aGmatebiTi xarisxi.
2. aqromatuli ferebis (`TeTri~, `Savi~, `ruxi~) aGmniSvne-
ˆS– `metismetad ruxi~, ueyvelad kompozitia.
…ag°ˆS
…ag ˆS–
li Zireuli sitKvebi adiGeurSi kompozitebia (Sdr. qarTulis
–jas¶
jas¶°–– `nacrisferi~; –ja `nacari~ + s¶°–– `feri~
viTareba).

35 36
 y´apw–
apw– `muqi~, `muqi nacrisferi~, `muqi lurJi~ esec kompo- ress iwvevs sityva `alda
aldati
dati~
ti~, romelic aqve axsnilia, rogorc
ziti unda iKos. daumkvidrebeli, gaudaburebuli da mariliani miwa. sxva Se-
sˆrˆ† `Gia nacrisferi~, miiCneva Turqul nasesxobad
sˆrˆ† mTxvevaSi `al`alda
aldatis
datis~
tis~ sinonimi _ `mari
marilo
rilova
lovani
vani~
ni~ mowodebulia
(Sdr. Turq. sari
sari `KviTeli~, `mkrTali~ + adiG. †(ˆ) `TeTri~, rogorc `udabno da marilovani queyana~ (iob. 39,6); `mari marili
rilia
lia-
`naTeli~) (a. Sagirovi). ni~
ni~ (`mari
marilo
rilova
lovani
vani~
ni~) aris ara mxolod `queyana~, aramed `wya-
li~: verca erTi wyaroÁ mari marili
rilian
liansa
ansa da tkbilsa wyalsa aRmo-
b) qromatuli ferebi
cenebad (iak. 3,12).
ajˆbz `xasxasa KviTeli~; G°ajˆ
G°ajˆbz ajˆ `KviTeli~ + sufiqsi bz
2. yvela am SemTxveveSi `alda
aldati
datisa
tisa~
sa~ da `mari
marili
rilia
lianis~
nis~ (`
(`ma-
ma-
gadmoicema aGmatebiTi xarisxi.
rilo
rilova
lovanis
vanis~
nis~) Sesatyvisad somxu
somxuri
xuri bibliis Sesabamisi wignebi
G°aa sxva kompozitebSi aGniSnavs `wiTurs~ (mag. S´ˆG°a
ˆG a `wi-
gvawvdian erTsa da imave sityvas աղտաղտ(
աղտաղտ(ուկ)ուկ) [altalt(uk)]-s,
Turi~ cxenis Sesaxeb).
rac ganimarteba rogorc WarbiWarbi marilis
marilis Semcve
Semcveli
mcveli miwa
miwa.
wa.
…ˆcˆs¶° `mwvane~; …ˆcˆ `balaxi~ + s¶° `feri~ (Sdr. megr.
…ˆcˆs¶
3. sayuradReboa, rom Cven mier zemoT warmodgenili bib-
doloSferi `mwvane~, `balaxis feri~).
liis mcxeTuri variantis ieremias (17,6) wignis mier mowode-
flÀˆjˆbz `xasxasa wiTeli~; flÀ
flÀ flÀˆjˆ `wiTeli~ + sufiqsi bz.
bz
buli `alda
aldati
dati~
ti~ sxva variantebSi gvaZlevs `aRdaWs
aRdaWs~
daWs~: ufro me-
dˆs¶–s¶°ˆ
dˆs¶ ˆ `oqrosferi~; dˆs¶
dˆs¶– `oqro~ + s¶°ˆ
ˆ `feri~
tic: amave magaliTSi bibliis sxva xelnaweri sinonimad gvaw-
s¶°ˆGˆ
ˆGˆ `yreli~; s¶°aa `feri~ + Gˆ `yreli~ (zedmiw. `feri
vdis gansxvavebul ikiTxviss _ `bici bici~
ci~. `alda
aldati
dati~,
ti~, `aR
`aRda
aRdaWi
daWi~,
Wi~,
yreli~);
`bici
bici~
ci~ Zveli klasikuri teqstebis CvenebiT sinonimebia da xa-
w–flÀ
flÀˆ `wiTuri~; w– + flÀ
flÀˆ `wiTeli~
siaTdebian erTi niSniT, rogorc `mari marilo
rilova
lovani
vani~,
ni~, `ma
`mari
marili
rilia
liani~,
ni~,
S´–flÀ
flÀˆ `vardisferi~; S´– + flÀ
flÀˆ `wiTeli~.
rasac somxuri Sesatyvisic gvidasturebs աղտաղտուկ [`al-
sainteresoa m…ar–
m…ar–, romelic adiGeurad `Gia cisfers~
taltuk~], աղտաղտին `altaltin~, somxuri leqsikonebis mi-
aGniSnavs, xolo Kabardoulad _ `muq Kavisfers~.
xedviT ganimarteba rogorc `Warbmariliani~.
TezisebSi dafiqsirebuli masala, bunebrivia, srulad ver
4. `aRda
aRdaWi
daWi~
Wi~ da `bici
bici~
ci~ Sesulia sabas, CubinaSvilebis, ilia
moicavs Cerqezul enaTa feris aGmniSvnel leqsikas. amJerad
abulaZis, qarTuli enis ganmartebiT leqsikonebSi; `aldat aldat~
dat~
Cven mxolod ZiriTadi terminebi warmovadgineT. sakiTxis gamo-
sityva dasturdeba niko da daviT Cubi CubinaS
binaSvi
naSvileb
vilebTan
lebTan,
Tan, agreTve
wvlilviT Seswavla momavlisaTvis ivaraudeba.
sulxan-sabas erT wyaroSi. n. CubinaSvili `aRdaW aRdaW~
daW~-s miiCnevs
somxuri warmomavlobis sityvad; aseTadve miiCnevs `al `aldats
aldats~
dats~
d. CubinaSvili, romelsac eTanxmeba somexi enaTmecnieri hr.
aWariani.
merab robaqiZe 5. daviT
daviT gura
guramiS
ramiSvi
miSvilis
vilis `daviTianSi~ gvxvdeba sityva `aR- aR-
daWi
daWi~
Wi~ amgvar konteqstSi:: `uZeo, me var, viTa aRda aRdaWi
daWi,
Wi bici da
`aldat~ (`aRdaW~) sityvis
sityvis seman
semanti
mantiki
tikisa
kisaTvis
saTvis Zvel mlaSobi~.`qarTuli enis ganmartebiT leqsikonSi~ es sityva ase
qarTul
qarTul enaSi
enaSi ganimarteba: aRdaW
aRdaW-
daW-i (aRdaWisa) Zv. bici
bici (saba), _ mlaSe niada-
gi, mlaSobi; unayofo miwa. // gadat. uZeo (daviT guramiSvil-
(qarTul-somxur enobriv urTierTobaTa Suqze)
Tan). `bi
bicis
bicis~
cis~ ganmarteba amave leqsikonSi aseTia: `xsnadi mari-
lebis Semcveli niadagi, mlaSe niadagi.~ Tavad sabasTan ki es
1. Zveli aRTqmis erTi adgili gvawvdis aseT pasaJs: `daeSe-
sityva asea ganmartebuli: ese ars miwa, sada simlaSiT nayofi
nos aldatsa
aldatsa,
datsa queyanasa udabnosa, queyanasa Sina mariliansa,
ara iqmnebis~. sityva `bici
bici~
ci~ sabas moaqvs `aR`aRda
aRdaWis
daWis~
Wis~ ganmarte-
romeli ara daimk‚drebis~ (mcxeT. bibl. ier. 17,6). Cvens inte-
37 38
bad: `aRda
aRdaWi
daWi~
Wi~ _ bici
bici.
ci. `bicis
bicis~
cis~ sabaseul ganmartebas Tavis murman suxiSvili
droze Seexo iv. javaxiSvili, romelic werda: `sabas bicis bicis
ganmartebis dros axsnili aqvs, rom aseTi saxeli iseT niadags gvaris formebi gamoxatulebisa da Sinaarsis
ewodeboda, `sadac simlaSiT nayofi ar iqmnebis~-o... amgvarad, planis mixedviT
sabas ganmarteba bicis
bicis Sesaxeb marTldeba~. (``bici
bici~
ci~ gurul me-
gvaris, rogorc morfologiuri kategoriis, daxasiaTeba
tyvelebaSi niSnavs: `kecze gaciebul-gamagrebul mWads~).
gulisxmobs am kategoriis realizacias enaSi gamoxatulebisa
6. sulxan-sabas qarTuli leqsikonis `ucxo Sesatyvisobani~
da Sinaarsis planis mixedviT.
`bicis
bicis~
cis~ somxur Sesatyvisad sruliad marTebulad gviCvenebs
qarTulSi tradiciulad ganarCeven gvaris samwevrian opo-
աղտաղտուկ [aRtaRtuk]-s
աղտաղտուկ
zicias (aqtivi : pasivi : mediumi). gvaris kategoria ganixileba
7. Cven mier Zveli teqstebidan moxmobili adgilebi sacna-
aseve orwevriani opoziciis saxiTac (aqtivi : pasivi). es gan-
uryofen, rom `alda
aldati
dati~
ti~ (=`
(=`mari
marilo
rilova
lovani
vani~
ni~) Zvel somxurSi Sei-
sxvavebuli klasifikaciebi samecniero literaturaSi saTanado
satyvisebs աղտաղտ [al [altalt
altalt]
talt] sityvas, romelic աղտ [alt} alt}
argumentebiT aris warmodgenili.
fuZis gaormagebiT warmoebul kompozits warmoadgens. Tavad
gvaris samwevrovan sistemaSi morfologiuri markeri aqvs
աղտ [alt]
alt] sityva ki nawarmoebia sityvidan աղ [al]al], romelsac
aqtivisa (a-, ∅) da pasivis (i-, e-, -d, ∅) formebs, medialuri
emateba տ [t] formanti. amdenad, աղտաղտ [al [altalt
altalt]
talt] fuZega-
zmnebi saopozicio formebs uniSnobiT upirispirdebian.
ormagebuli kompozitia da niSnavs `Warbmarilians~; am somxur
gvaris kategoriis samwevriani sistema enaSi yovelTvis
kompozits emateba kidev mawarmoeblebi ուկ [uk
[uk]
uk] da ին [in]
in].
srulad ar aris realizebuli, – SeiZleba Segvxvdes orwevria-
8. `alda
aldati
dati~
ti~ da aRda
aRdaWi
daWi variaciuli erTeulebia, romel-
ni sistemis saxiTac (iSviaTia opoziciuri sistemis erTwevria-
Tac safuZvlad udevT, rogorc es samarTlianadaa aRniSnuli
ni mocemulobac). arsebiTia, rom am sistemebSi ar irRveva mor-
leqsikonebSi, somxuri sityva աղտաղտ [al
[altalt
altalt]
talt]. pirveli
fologiuri opoziciis ZiriTadi principi: opoziciaSi ar mo-
miRebulia somxuri t-s kanonzomieri gamJRerebiT da meore l-
nawileobs erTze meti aramarkirebuli wevri.
s dakargviT (altalt
altalt-
talt-aldat
aldat)
dat), xolo meore sityva aixsneba
e.i. gamoxatulebis planis mixedviT qarTulSi gvari mo-
somxuri l-s istoriuli transformaciiT R bgerad 1X-X ss-Si
rfologiuri kategoriaa.
da somxuri t-s mcdari amokiTxvis gamo W-d, rasac safuZvlad
rac Seexeba Sinaarsis plans. aq gvaris opoziciis wevrebi
udevs qarTuli (z _ W) da somxuri (Տ _ t) asomTavruli aso-
erTmaneTs upirispirdebian aqtivoba-pasivobis mixedviT: aqtive-
ebis msgavsi moxazuloba.
bi aqtiur moqmedebas gamoxataven, pasivebi – pasiurs. rac See-
9. mcxeTur bibliaSi Semonaxuli sityva `alda aldati
dati~
ti~ adrin-
xeba medialur zmnebs, isini formisa da funqciis mixedviT aq-
delia, roca somxuri l jer ar aris transformirebuli R-d,
tivsa da pasivs Soris arian gadanawilebuli, magram arc aqti-
rasac ukve adgili aqvs `aRdaW
aRdaW~
daW~ - is wyaroSi.
vebi arian da arc pasivebi.
10. daviT guramiSvilTan dadasturebuli `aRda aRdaWi
daWi~
Wi~ aixsne-
rogorc samwevrian, ise orwevrian sistemebSi aqtivisa da
ba baqaris bibliaSi (1743 wlis moskovis gamocema) Sesuli ana-
pasivis mniSvnelobebi Sinaarsobrivad erTmaneTs upirispirde-
logiuri mcdarnaweri formiT. es araswori wakiTxviT miRebu-
bian subieqtis aqtiuroba-pasiurobis mixedviT. es dapirispire-
li sityva Sesulia agreTve qarTuli enis ganmartebiT leqsi-
ba ufro xelSesaxebia, roca aqtivis pirdapiri obieqti (Sesa-
konSi.
bamisad pasivis subieqti) usulo (ra ra jgufis) saxelia.
vnebiTis pasiuri semantikis damowmebis sakontrolo saSua-
lebad konstruqciaSi m i e r an -g a n Tandebuliani frazis
(qvemdebarisebri ubralo damatebis) Sewyoba warmoadgens:
39 40
 biWi x a t a v s suraTs > suraTi i x a t e b a (biWis mier) Senacvlebis faqtebs warmovadgenT `qarTuli enis ganmar-
siTbo a f a r T o e b s sxeuls > sxeuli siTbosagan f a r - tebiTi leqsikonis~ mixedviT:
T o v d e b a ... i-prefiqsiani vneb.
vneb. doniani vnebiTebi uniSno
uniSno vnebiTebi
moqmedebis realuri subieqti instrumentuli damatebis ibereba – beraven bardeba – abareben lpeba – alpoben
saxiTac SeiZleba mogvevlinos: didi sicxisagan adamiani ibneva – abneven gubdeba – agubeben qreba – aqroben
b r m a v d e b a º figural. s i x a r b i T b r m a v d e b a – S u - ibriceba – brecen grovdeba – agroveben Tbeba – aTboben
r i T b r m a v d e b a (qegl I). ileseba – lesaven gamaimundeba – gaamaimuneben cdeba – gamouye-
es sakontrolo saSualeba ar aris absoluturi. Tandebu- iparseba – parsaven niavdeba – aniaveben neblad rCeba, ver
liani ubralo damatebis an instrumentuli damatebis aRdgena iptyvneba – ptyvnian zustdeba – azusteben (ar) moixmareben...
vnebiTis konstruqciaSi yovelTvis ar xerxdeba. zogjer realu- ipoba – apoben... mTeldeba – amTeleben
ri subieqtis alternativa konteqstis mixedviT amoicnoba. Txovdeba – aTxoveben...
Sdr.: erTmaneTs awydebodnen da g o r d e b o d n e n (s. SanS.)
qegl III. dagorebis mizezi (e r T m a n e T s a w y d e b o d n e n )
vnebiTis konstruqciaSi ar aisaxeba.
beRura Citebi JivJivebdnen da Tan m z e z e T b e b o d n e n
(s. mgalob.). Tedo uTurgaiZe
[cerodenam] vazebis qveS c e c x l i d a a n T o , miujda
gverdze da T b e b o d a (zRap.) qegl IV. /i/ xmovnis
xmovnis vari
varian
riante
antebi
tebi Zvel qarTul
qarTulsa
Tulsa da Tana
Tanamed
namedro
medrove
rove
vnebiTis formaTa pasiurobis xarisxis Semowmeba sxva saSu- dia
dialeqteb
leqtebSi
tebSi
alebebiTac SeiZleba. kerZod, vnebiTis konstruqciis warmo-
qmnis konversiuli arsidan gamomdinare, vnebiTis Sinaarsi SeiZ- naTesaobiT da moqmedebiT brunvebSi -sa da -Ta dabo-
leba gadmoices moqmedebiTi gvaris mravlobiTi ricxvis for- loebebi miCneulia imis sabuTad, rom /i/ fonemis {} variantis
miT, romelsac ganusazRvreli subieqti aqvs: i x a t e b a = x a - poziciad CaiTvalos V-С, msgavsad V-# poziciisa.
taven, iTeseba = Tesaven, izrdeba = zrdian, keT- ukve xanmeti periodidan Cndeba tendencia  ({}) daikar-
d e b a = a k e T e b e n , S e n d e b a = a S e n e b e n (arn. Ciqobava). gos kanonierad miCneul am poziciaSi (xumJobes, xutkbos, iesu-
ganusazRvrelpirian winadadebas qarTulSi qvemdebaregau- si, iesussa...).
Cinarebuli winadadeba hqvia. `aseT winadadebaSi qvemdebare ga- saSual qarTulSi normad iqca b a g e T a T , T v a l T a T
uCinarebulia, magram moqmedad mainc ivaraudeba viRaca gaur- tipis formebi (Sdr. bageTaT, TvalTaT), romelTac `vefxis
kveveli piri (Tu pirebi), romlis vinaobac ar aris gansa- tKaosani~ Tanamimdevrulad icavs.
zRvruli~ (l. kvaWaZe). aGmosavleT saqarTvelos dialeqtebSi V-С poziciaSi, gan-
ase rom, winadadebaSi vnebiTis formaTa Senacvleba moqme- sxvavebiT V-# poziciisgan, {}-s veGar vxvdebiT, aGar arsebobs
debiTi gvaris ganusazRvrelpiriani mravlobiTis formebiT {k a l o s}, {k a l o  T } tipis formebi (Sdr. {k a l o } mTis
gramatikulad motivirebulia. Senacvlebas eqvemdebareba ro- dialeqtebSi).
gorc i-prefiqsiani, aseve sufiqsiani da uniSno vnebiTebi, ro- aGniSnuli poziciebis ganxilva sayiroa qarTuli enis
melTa subieqti pasiuria, am sakontrolo saSualebas ar eqvem- marcvlis bunebidan amosvliT, -s (resp. {}-s dakargva am pozi-
debareba eniani vnebiTebi. ciebSi Sedegia arabunebriv kompleqsTa daZlevisa.

41 42
naTia foniava msgavsi viTarebaa enakbilismier da ukanaenismier xSulebSic (es
exeba maT labializebul da ukanaenismierTa palatalizebul
afxazu
afxazuri
zuri enis CVC tipis
tipis zmnur ZirTa
ZirTa fone
fonemu
nemuri
muri Se-
Se- variantebsac), aseve faringalur TanxmovnebSi; enakbilismier
dgeni
dge nilo
nilobi
lobisa
bisaTvis
saTvis xSulebSi aris erTi gamonaklisi. erTaderT ZirSi gvaqvs daT
mimdevroba: ჲ-n-daT-la-ra `Sejibreba, Secileba~. misi warmomav-
afxazuri enis fonetika-fonologiis sakiTxebs ikvlevda
loba CvenTvis ucnobia.
araerTi mecnieri. am mxriv gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia akad. q.
erTi Zireuli morfemis farglebSi anlautsa da auslaut-
lomTaTiZis Rvawli.
Si ar gvxvdeba sisina da SiSina afrikatebi: Z c w j C W, aseve
Cven SeviswavleT afxazur zmnur ZirTa fonemuri struq-
afrikatebTan erTad Ziris struqturaSi ar dasturdeba sisina
tura sinqroniuli aspeqtiT. saanalizod aRebulia yvela is
da SiSina spirantebi: z s J S.
zmnuri Ziri, romelic Setanilia afxazuri enis ganmartebiTi
anlautsa da auslautSi ar fiqsirdeba sisina da SiSina
leqsikonis ortomeulSi. gaTvaliswinebuli gvaqvs rogorc sa-
spirantebic (akrZalva moqmedebs SiSina spirantebis labiali-
kuTari, ise nasesxebi zmnuri erTeulebi.
zebul da intensiur saxeobebzec);
afxazur zmnur ZirebSi raodenobrivad yvelaze meti aRmo-
CVC modelSi aseve araa mosalodneli erTi da imave rigis
Cnda CVC tipi. am modelis 90 zmnuri erTeuli davadastureT,
ukanaenismier da laringalur spirantTa mimdevrobebi, rogo-
romlebic ganawilebulia 11 struqturul qvemodelSi.
ricaa: xVR RVx (akrZalva vrceldeba maT labializebul da pa-
CVC struqturaSi xmovanTa distribuciis TvalsazrisiT
latalizebul variantebzec); hV hV‚ Vh ‚V ‚Vh.
aseTi suraTi gvaqvs: 46 ZirSi warmodgenilia a xmovani, 40-Si
CVC mimdevrobaSi Tavkidurad da bolokidurad araa da-
gvxvdeba neitraluri xmovani, romelic xSir SemTxvevaSi a-s
maxasiaTebeli sonorebi. mxolod erT ZirSi gamovlinda SVS mi-
reduqciiTaa miRebuli, 2-Si dasturdeba i, TiTo ZirSi rea-
mdevroba, magram isic nasesxebi unda iyos: nr
r: a-n¥r-ra `grZno-
lizdeba e da o.
ba, SegrZneba~.
i, e da o xmovnebis Semcveli Zirebi nasesxebi unda iyos.
afxazurSi farTodaa gavrcelebuli CVC modelis Zirebi.
garkveuli SezRudvebi axasiaTebs calkeul Tanxmovnebs: v
maTi nawili nasesxebia an saxeluri warmoSobisaa. SesaZloa, am
da p ar gvxvdeba arcerT poziciaSi, iSviaTia J da j fonemebic.
modelis zogierTi Ziri miRebuli iyos ormarcvlian ZirTa re-
CVC modelSi Ziris Tavkidur poziciaSi Tu xSulia
duqciis Sedegad, kerZod, CV struqturis zmnaTa reduplici-
warmodgenili, boloSi metwilad gveqneba sonori an spiranti,
rebuli variantebis reduqciis gziT. Tumca am modelis yvela
iSviaTad _ xSuli. aRniSnuli modelis Tavkidursa da bolo-
Ziris warmomavlobis dadgena did siZneleebTanaa dakavSirebuli.
kidur poziciaSi dasturdeba xmovniT gaTiSuli aseTi mimdev-
robebi: xSuli+xSuli, xSuli+sonanti, xSuli+sonori, xSu-
li+spiranti, spiranti+spiranti, sonori+xSuli, sonori+spi-
ranti, spiranti+sonori, spiranti+xSuli, sonori+sonori, so-
nanti+spiranti. medea Glonti
CVC struqturaSi ar Segvxvedria xmovniT gaTiSuli mi-
mdevrobebi, romelTa Tavkidursa da bolokidur poziciaSi iq-
GmerTis
merTis leqsi
leqsikur
sikur-
kur-seman
semanti
mantiku
tikuri
kuri budi
budisa
disaTvis
saTvis
neboda erTi da imave rigis Tanxmovnebi. es SezRudva ar exeba
erTi da imave rigis identur Tanxmovnebs. mag.: bVb dasaSvebia,
RmerTis leqsikur-semantikur buded moiazreba dargob-
RmerTis
magram ar dasturdeba bVf, bVp, aseve fVb, fVp, pVf, pVb.
riv-Tematuri principiT SerCeuli leqsikuri maragi, romlis

43 44
amosavali leqsikuri erTeulia RmerTi Ti budis farglebSi ar-
RmerTi. megrul-Wanuri da svanuri enebis, aseve qarTuli enis di-
sebuli leqsikuri maragis kvleva sam saanalizo mimarTulebas aleqtTa Sesabamisi monacemebis safuZvelze dgindeba TiTqmis
iTvaliswinebs: igive leqsikur-semantikuri arCevani.
1. sakuT
sakuTriv
kuTriv leqsi
leqsikur
sikur-
kur-seman
semanti
mantiku
tikuri
kuri anali
analizi
lizi:
zi: 2. amosa
amosava
savali
vali leq
leqsiku
sikuri
kuri erTe
erTeu
Teulis (RmerTis Tis) isto
RmerTis) istori
tori-
ri-
a) dadginda budis leqsikuri maragis odenoba (200-mde ul-
ul-etimo
etimolo
mologi
logiu
giuri infor
informa
formacia
macia:
cia:
leqsikuri erTeuli, budis gareT arsebuli amave semantikis qarT. RmerT-
RmerT- <*Rar
RarmaT
RarmaT-
maT- (niko mari);
mqone 20-mde leqsikuri erTeulis gaTvaliswinebiT). qarT. RmerT-
RmerT- <*RerRermaT
RermaT-
maT- da <*RrmaT
RrmaT-
RrmaT- m_r > r–m metaTe-
b) Tavi moiyara leqsikuri maragis 160-mde semantikurma zisiT (g. klimovi);
velma. qarT. RmerT-
RmerT- <*RmarT
RmarT-
RmarT- umlautis Sedegad (fenrixi-sa-
g) ganisazRvra budis leqsikuri maragis 8 magistraluri rjvelaZe);
semantikuri mimarTuleba: I: `zecieri ufali RmerTi~; II: II `ange- qarTulidan nasesxobad miCneulia megrul-svanuri Sesa-
lozi da xat-jvar-salocavebi~; III:
III: `kerpTa RmerTi~; IV:
IV: `RvTisa- tyvisebi:
Tvis gankuTvnili (Sesaferi)~; V: V: RvTis msgavsi~; VI:VI: `RmerTad megr. RoronT
RoronT-
ronT-, laz. RormoT
RormoT-
moT- < saerTolaz. *RmorT-
RmorT
qceva~; VII:
VII: `Tvisebisa da ragvarobisa~; VIII:
VIII: `dalocva-misalmeba m_r > r_m metaTezisiT, aseve mT> >nT asimilaciiT megrulSi,
da fici~. da svan. RermeT
RermeT-
meT-/RerbeT
RerbeT-
beT- <*RmarT
RmarT-
RmarT- anaptiqsuri -e- xmovniT
d) kvalificirebulia, erTi mxriv, RmerTis
RmerTis leqsikur-se- (fenrixi-sarjvelaZe)
mantikuri budis minimaluri polisemiuroba, meore mxriv, ma- qarT. RmerT-
RmerT- Zirs h. fenrixi savaraudod ukavSirebs xa-
Rali sixSire RmerTis
RmerTis Semcveli aseulze meti kompozitisa da, tis enaSi dadasturebul fuZeebs: saRmur saRmurTo
RmurToba
Toba/
ba/saRa
saRamur
RamurTo
murToba
Toba.
ba
masTan SedarebiT, RmerT-
RmerT-isgan warmoebulTa dabali produq- 3. RmerTTan
RmerTTan dakav
dakavSi
kavSire
Sirebu
rebuli
buli saTa
saTana
Tanado
nado saRvTis
saRvTismet
vTismetyve
metyve-
yve-
tiuloba qarTulSi. aseve SedarebiT mcire jgufs qmnis sakuT- lo masa
masalis
salis moxm
moxmoba ekle
eklesi
lesiis
siis wmida
wmida mama
mamaTa
maTa Targma
Targmane
gmaneba
nebaze
baze
riv frazeologizmTa Semcveli VIII magistraluri semantikuri dayrdno
dayrdnobiT
rdnobiT.
biT.
mimarTuleba (`dalocva-misalmeba da fici~). RmerTis leqsikur-semantikuri budis amgvarad warmoebu-
RmerTis
qarTuli RmerTis
RmerTis leqsikur-semantikuri arCevanis Tval- li analizi axali kuTxiT warmoaCens qarTuli RmerTis RmerTis seman-
sazrisiT, yuradsaRebia is, rom komponenti RmerT- RmerT- kompozi- tikuri ganviTarebis istoriul gzas, budeSi Semavali dargob-
tebSi TiTqmis ugamonaklisod inarCunebs `uzenaesi RmerTis~ riv-Tematuri leqsikis enobriv arCevans.
an `yovelive zeciuris~ semantikas (Sdr. ukiduresad minimalu-
ri kompozituri warmoeba qarTuli ufal-isa, ufal romlis 73 se-
mantikuri velidan 85%-ze meti `sawuTisoflos~ semantikis Se-
mcvelia da mxolod 15%-ze modis `yovelive zeciuris~ seman- eTer Sengelia
tika).
aseve, TiTqmis ugamonaklisod, Zneldeba RmerT-RmerT- komponen-
tis Canacvleba komponentiT ufal-
ufal (Sdr.: gvaqvs RmerTka
RmerTkaci
Tkaci an
zogi megrul
megruli
gruli fufuZZis eti
etimomolo
mologi
lo gii
gi Tvis (musx-i//mosx-i,
saTvis
isa
Ze RmrTisa
Tesx-i//Tisx-i, musxiSa(x), TesxiSa(x)//TisxiSa(x))
RmrTisa,sa, da ara: ufalkaci an Ze uflisa; RmrTismSo
RmrTismSobe
mSobeli
beli,
li,
RmrTisme
RmrTismetyu
metyue
tyueli an RmrTismsa
RmrTismsaxu
msaxuri
xuri,
ri, da ara: uflismSobeli,
megrulSi dasturdeba leqsikuri erTeulebi: musx- musx-i//mosx
//mosx-
mosx-
uflismetyveli an uflismsaxuri da a. S.).
i, Tesxi
Tesxi//
xi//Tisx
//Tisx-
Tisx-i, musxi
musxiSa
xiSa(
Sa(x), Tesxi
TesxiSa
xiSa(
Sa(x)//Tis
)//Tisxi
TisxiSa
xiSa(
Sa(x), romlebic
gvxvdeba rogorc:

45 46
 1) ricxviTi saxeli:: musxi musxi `bevri~: musxi vexvewi, mara vaja Sengelia
iwkma muTunqu vagomirT `ramdeni vexvewe, magram masTan ara-
feri ar gamivida~; kvlav i b e r - da i m e r - fuZeTa Sesaxeb
2) nacvalsaxeli: a) kiTxviTi: musxi musxi `ramdeni~: musxi kaTa
qord gowos lebardes? `ramdeni xalxi iyo SarSan lebarde- iberia || > iveria
iberia iveria berZnul samKaroSi cnobili toponimia.
Si?~ b) mimarTebiTi: musxiT
musxiT `ramdenic~: kurdRelqi musxiT ik- Sesabamisad, bunebrivia, cnobilia eTnonimi iber || > iver.
iver
vaku, TisxiT irulua `kurdRelma ramdenic ikikina, imdenic iber fuZe,
iber- msamecniero literaturaSi arsebuli Tval-
irbinao~; g) CvenebiTi: TesxiTesxi//
xi//Tis
//Tisxi
Tisxi `amdeni//imdeni~: Tesxi uS- sazrisis Sesabamisad, imer-s
imer ukavSirdeba (n. mari, i. KifSiZe).
quri muSo iidiT?! `amdeni vaSli risTvis iyideT?!~ Tisxi ja- amasTan, miiCneva, rom imer-is
imer iber-ad
iber gardaqmna berZnulSi mo-
Si kvaTua muWo Silebed? `imdeni xis moWra rogor SeiZleboda?~ xda (k. danelia).
3) zmnizeda: a) zoma-odenobis: musxi musxiSa
xiSa(
Sa(x) `ra zomamde~: vfiqrobT, procesi imer-
imer > iber-iber qarTvelur enobriv
sqan(i) rinas SxvaSis vamuZinana, musxiSax eSe vadimaRale `Sen samKaroSi (kerZod, dasavlur-qarTul enobriv arealSi) SeiZ-
sxvis yofnas ver mogimateben, ra zomamdec (ramdenadac) ar leboda ganxorcielebuliKo. amasTan dakavSirebiT unda gavix-
amaRlde (zeviT).~ b) igive sityva gvxvdeba jeroba-odenobis senoT m → b procesi, romelic megrul-lazursa da svanurs
mniSvnelobiT: `ramdenjer//bevrjer, ramdenad~: musxiSa(x) axasiaTebs:
meb/frTi, mara akaSa vadom/b/fxvad `ramdenjer//bevrjer mivedi, 1. megrul-lazuri obieqturi piris aGmniSvneli m Tanxmov-
magram arcerTxel ar damxvda~; musxiSa re sqani urZeni? `ram- nis wina poziciaSi b-Si gadadis;
denad aris (ra Rirs) Seni yurZeni?~ Tesxi TesxiSa
xiSa(
Sa(x)//Tis
)//Tisxi
TisxiSa
xiSa(
Sa(x) `am- 2. m → b megrul-lazurSi saerTo-qarTulidan momdinare
denjer//imdenjer//amdenad//imdenad~ (eseni raodenobasac gamoxa- Tu nasesxeb sitKvebSic dasturdeba (Sdr. qarT. mze _ megr.-
taven): TesxiSa(x)//TisxiSa(x) oko gmoCeni, vara muTuni veiale laz. bja, qarT. mravali _ megr. breli, qarT. mziTevi _ megr.
sqan(i) gaWirebas `amdenjer//imdenjer//amdenad//imdenad unda ga- bziTi...).
yido, Torem veraferi ver auva Sens gasaWirs!~ 3. m → b procesi gvaqvs svanurSi qarTulis SesatKvis
mu-
mu-sx-
sx-i//mo
//mo-
mo-sx-
sx-i, mu-
mu-sx-
sx-iSa(
Sa(x), Te-
Te-sx(
sx(i)//Ti
)//Ti-
Ti-sx(
sx(i), Te-
Te-sx-i- sitKvebSi (Sdr. qarT. GmmerTi _ svan. Gerb beT, qarT. marwKvi _
Sa(
Sa(x)//Ti
)//Ti-
Ti-sx-iSa(
Sa(x) agebulebiT rTuli saxelebia. maTTvis amo- svan. basK, qarT. mGili _ svan. muGl || buGl...).
savali aris sx- sx- Ziri, romelic semantikurad simravlis gamo- imer fuZis (imereT-i) imier
imer- er || imer-Tan
imier- imer (`iqiT, gaGma,
mxatveli unda iyos. xolo TavsarTebi: mu-//mo mu mo-
mo- `ra~kiTxviTi gadaGma; imieri, iqiTa~) kavSiri cxadia, aseve is, rom es fuZe
nacvalsaxelebia, Te- Te-//Ti
Ti-
Ti- ki `es//is~ _ CvenebiTi nacvalsaxele- derivatia (CvenebiTi nacvalsaxeli im + -ier ier sufiqsi). amasTan,
bia. ar aris SeuZlebeli imer-
imer || iber-|| iver fuZeTa Zvel foneti-
iber iver-
vsvamT sakiTxs megrul saanalizo leqsikur erTeulebSi kur saxed himer
mer || hiber
himer- hiber-||
ber hiverver miviCnioT (i. KifSiZe).
hiver-
gamoyofili -sx- sx- da qarTuli simravlis gamomxatvel sx- sx- Zire-
bis (sxma `deba; Soba; moyvana; mogvra; dargva; ayvana~) semanti-
kur-fonetikuri Sesatyvisobis Sesaxeb. Sesadarebel fuZeebSi
gvaqvs qarT. sx-sx-: megr. sx-
sx- Zirebis identuri Sesatyvisoba (Sdr.
qarT. msxal-i: megr. sxul-i; qarT. sisxl-i: megr. zisxir-i).

47 48
manana CaCaniZe merab Cuxua

leqsi
leqsikog
sikogra
kografi
rafiu
fiuli seman
semanti
mantiza
tizaci
zaciis
ciis verba
verbalu
baluri
luri svanu
svanuri
nuri mice
micemi
cemiTis
miTis -an sufiq
sufiqsi
fiqsi da misi
misi para
parale
ralele
lelebi
lebi
saSu
saSua
Sualebe
lebebi
bebi da leqsi
leqsikon
sikonTa
konTa tipo
tipolo
pologi
logiis
giis proble
problema
lema sxva iberi
iberiul
riul-
ul-kavka
kavkasi
kasiur
siur enebSi
enebSi

leqsikografiuli semantizaciis verbaluri saSualebebi, Tanamedrove qarTveluri ena-kiloebis brunvaTa sistemaSi

faqtobrivad, warmoadgenen ZiriTad leqsikografiul katego- gansakuTrebuli maxasiaTeblebiT svanuri gamoirCeva. svanuri
riebs (sityva, Sesityveba, frazema, winadadeba, teqsti). am ka- brunebisTvis niSandoblivia rogorc qarTul-zanuri sufiqsa-
tegoriaTa meSveobiT, diferenciuli niSnis specifikidan gamo- cia, ise sakuTriv svanuri markerebi. aq Tqmuli exeba micemiTi
mdinare, leqsikonTa tipologiis problema principulad ukav- brunvis niSnebsac, kerZod, svanurSi gamoiKofa -s, -Ÿ, -ˆn/ ˆn/ -an
Sirdeba da moicavs kidec Targmnisa da semantizaciis rig daboloebebi, romelTagan -s saerToqarTveluria (n. mari, v.
problemur sakiTxs. Tofuria), dasadgenia micemiTis -Ÿ da -an sufiqsTa genezisi.
leqsikografiuli TvalsazrisiT ganasxvaveben sami tipis kvlevis am etapze SevexebiT svanuri -ˆn/ ˆn/ -an alomorfebs,
Targmans: romlebic realurad, rogorc damoukidebeli morfologiuri
1. interlingvisturi (ganmarteba xdeba erTi, ukve mocemuli inventari, mxolod CvenebiT nacvalsaxelTa brunebisas gamona-
enis sxva niSnebiT); wevrdeba, Sdr.: bz. ala `es~, magram am-ˆn ˆnºala-s
ˆn s `amas~, eJa `igi~,
2. intralingvisturi (ganmarteba xdeba sxva enis niSnebiT); magram eJ--ˆnºeJa-s
ˆn s `mas~. Cveni dakvirvebiT, ufro Zveli -an saxe-
3. intersemiotikuri (ganmarteba xdeba sxva semiotikuri siste- obiani micemiTi ucvlelad aris Semonaxuli balsqvemour dia-
mis niSnebiT). leqtSi: eJ-an an xoCel nomoŸ JðKra `imaze kargi araferi dagmar-
Targmanis tipebis dadgenis sakiTxi uSualod miemarTeba Todes~; am-an an xola dar Jiwvaa `amaze uaresi araferi gina-
semantizaciis (axsna, ganmarteba, definicia) sakiTxs. leqsiko- xavs~?...
grafiuli semantizacia ganisazRvreba, rogorc procesi an Se- svanuri -an warmoCndeba qarTv. Cqar-as as iaf-as
as, as nel-as
as, as ti-
degi saleqsikono erTeulTa mniSvnelobis eqsplikaciisa verba- pis mic. (resp. viTarebiTi) brunvis funqciiTac, Sdr. svan. maxe
luri da araverbaluri saSualebebiT. semantizaciis zogad `axali~, magram maxa-nn `axlad~ (v. Tofuria), aseve mezg-an an-mezg-
an
Teoriaze damyarebuli komunikaciuri modeli leqsikografii- an `oJax-oJax~, laKŸr-an an-laKŸr-an
an an `sawol-sawol~.
saTvis aseTia: svanurSi akad. v. Tofurias mier gamoKofil micemiTi
brunvis reliqtur -an formants SesatKvisi unda hqonoda qar-
4. semantizaciis sagani Tulsa da zanurSi. moxsenebaSi warmodgenili Tvalsazrisis
mixedviT, amosavali -an, an rogorc istoriulad arsebuli mice-
miTi brunvis niSani, unda iKos SemorCenili Semdeg zmnisar-
1. adresanti 2. sametyvelo jaWvi 3. adresati TebSi: gvi-anan (gvi-an
an-i),
an Sdr. svan. ra-gŸ _ `dagvianeba, daKovne-
(leqsikonis Semdgenlebi) (semantizaciis saxeebi) (leqsikonis momxmareblebi) ba~, ZoG-an
an º weG-an an na-met-an
an, an Sdr. aseve dialeqturi forme-
an...
bi: aq-an
an-e/a,
an iq-an
an-e/a,
an mad-an
an-e/a...
an
egeve -an gamosaKofia zanur zmnisarTebSic: yum-an an _
5. ena. metaena `xval~, Sdr. yum-e `id~, amyu{m}-an an `am dilas~, yum-an an-er-i
an `xva-
lindeli~, anwi-an an _ `momavali~, gowo-nn _ `SarSandeli~, amdG-
an-(er-i)
an `dGevandeli~...

49 50
 cxadia, Kovelive zemoTqmuli imis maniSnebelia, rom *-an an w m i s meored aris nabrunebi da miRebulia s a w m i s i (!). `ab-
formanti momdinareobs saerToqarTveluri fuZe-enidan, is dulmesianis~ sawmi
sawmisi
wmisi ki am avtorisTvis aris `ma
matyli
matyli~.
tyli
gamoiKeneboda rogorc saxelTa brunebisas (formawarmoeba), wmisi ← saw‚misi
3. sawmi
sawmisi saw‚misi `wvimis, tenis Sesagrovebeli~.
ise zmnisarTebSi (sitKvaTwarmoeba), Sdr. Tanamedrove -s s brun- 4. qarTul etimologiur leqsikonebSi sityva matyls qar-
vis niSnis igiveobrivi funqciebi qarTulsa da zanurSi (dGe-s s Tuli da qarTveluri enebis bgeraTSesatyvisobebi cnobilia,
/ dGa-ss `arasodes~). sityvis (mimReobis) Ziris semantika ki ar Cans, vvaraudob, rom
saerToqarTvelur brunvaTa sistemaSi rekonstruirebuli Ziria ty (ty-av-i), e. i. rac tyavzea, rac tyavisaa (g. deeter-
*-an
an sufiqsis kanonzomieri morfologiur-fonetikuri Se- si).
satKvisi Cans fuZenaxuri dativis niSani *-en en(a), romelic na-
en(
xur enebSi erTaderTi formantia, Sdr. bacb. dad `mama~ _
dad-ee¹ `mamas~, ing. loa `Tovli~ _ la-na na `Tovls~, CeCn.
bedar `tansacmeli~ _ bedar-na na `tansacmels~...
Cerqezuli enebidan ubixuri naTlad warmoaCens -n/ -nˆ alo- roena ykadua
morfebs: ya `kargi~ _ ya-nn `kargad~, (a)daxŸa `zafxuli~ _
adaxoa-nˆ
nˆ `zafxulSi~... msgavsi funqciiTaa -nˆ
nˆ aGyurvili afxa- usufiq
usufiqso
fiqso gardau
gardauval zmna
zmnaTa
Ta formob
formobriv
mobriv-
riv-
zur-abazurSi, Sdr. bzia `kargi~ _ i-bzia-nˆ nˆ `kargad~. seman
semanti
mantiku
tikuri
kuri anali
analizi
lizisa
zisaTvis
saTvis svanur
svanurSi
nurSi
daGestnur enaTa JgufSi istoriulad arsebuli -nn mic.
br. niSani dGemde mxolod lakur enas SemorCa: bak-(ra) `gu- svanur enaSi gardauval zmnaTa didi nawili awmKoSi usu-
li~ _ bak-ra-nn `guls~. sxva enebSi micemiTi brunvis -nn afiqsis fiqsod aris warmodgenili, rac -e e, -i(-a) bolosarTTa mokve-
arsebobis kvali saZiebeli gamxdara. ciT ixsneba (v. Tofuria).
erTi ram TvalnaTliv gamoCnda, *-VnV VnV tipis protokavkasi- nul- bolosarTi bunebrivia saSualo gvaris statikurebi-
uri dativi istoriulad funqcionirebda iberiul-kavkasiur saTvis, -’l...
’l..., iŠl elementiani formebisTvis, zogi aqtiuri
..., -iŠl...
enaTa oJaxis oTxive Jgufis brunvaTa da zmnisarTTa sistemaSi. subieqtis mqone i- prefiqsiani vnebiTebisaTvis da ramdenime
gardamavali zmnuri fuZisaTvis. samecniero literaturaSi
aGniSnulia, rom -e, -i, -a, Ø variantebi erTmaneTTan ar mo-
nacvleoben, paradigmis SigniT mudam erTi da igive formantia
warmodgenili (al. oniani).
aleqsi yinyarauli xmovansufiqsebi awmKos fuZis mawarmoebel erTeulebs
warmoadgenen da, awmKos fuZis CamoKalibebis garda, isini ga-
etimo
etimolo
mologi
logiu
giuri SeniS
SeniSvna
niSvna vlenas axdenen I seriis zogierT mwkrivSi mwkrivis niSanTa
sawmi sxvadasxva variantebis gamovlenaze. sinqroniul doneze xmovan-
sawmisi
wmisi
sufiqsTa rigSi unda ganvixiloT nul- sufiqsic, romelic
1. qarTul etimologiur leqsikonebSi sityva `sa sawmi
sawmisi
wmisi~-s
si prefiqsebTan erTad garkveul Kalibs qmnis da am KalibiT sxva-
etimologia ara Cans. dasxva semantikuri Jgufi warmoCindeba.
2. iv. lolaSvili CaxruxaZis `qeba mefisa Tamarisi~-s leqsi- Kalibi piris
piris niSa
niSani
Sani + xmovan
xmovanpre
vanprefiq
prefiqsi Ziri + Ø sakmaod
fiqsi + Ziri
konSi `sawmisi~ aris: `sawamisi, rac sawamebelia~. igi `aRad- gavrcelebulia saSuali gvaris zmnebSi. ZiriTadi nawili amgva-
gens~ formebs: `s a w m i s, s a w m i T, s a w m a d~. misi azriT s a - ri Kalibis zmnebisa fuZedrekadTa kategorias miekuTvneba. v.
51 52
Tofurias miaCnia, rom am tipis saSuali (giygiy...,
giy x-a-giy...)
giy zmne- kur-gramatikuli Jgufis CamoKalibeba dGesac mimdinareobs (n.
bi vnebiTTagan (gey
gey-n-i...) aris miGebuli. Cveni varaudiT, re-
gey- lolaZe), svanurSi ki am tipis zmnebisaTvis formobrivad sakma-
latiur-gardauvali x-a-giy...
giy tipi miGebulia ara vnebiTis od stabiluri modeli gvaqvs. erTi da imave KalibiT aris
gey-n-i-dan, aramed absolutur giy...
gey- giy tipidan... romelic arqa- gadmocemuli ganKenebul saxelTagan nawarmoebi zmnuri leqse-
uli saxiT aris SemorCenili misTvis damaxasiaTebeli fuZis ga- mebi:
uformeblobiTa da statikuri mniSvnelobiT:
absolut. relat. ma-nwam `mowoneba~
ma- _ nw m `moswons~
x-a-nwðm
fx‹j (eJa) `dafantulia, gaSlilia~ (is) x-a-fx‹j (eJa eJas `is mas~) ma--kaf `neba~
ma _ f `nebavs~
x-a-kðf
s‹d (eJa) `darCenilia~ (is) x-a-s‹d (eJa eJas `is mas~) ma-…kaf `ridi~
ma- _ …k f `erideba~
x-a-…kðf
g‹y (eJa) `gaZlebulia~ (is) x-a-g‹y (eJa eJas `is mas~) ma-sdif `wKena~
ma- _ x-a-sdik `swKins~ da sxv.
mag.:
ðTsgidda i daƒˆl mðg kalŸqa fx‹j `gaixeda da Txebi (Kve- am KalibiT msgavsi semantikis zmnaTa warmoeba dGesac pro-
la Txa) ezoSia gafantuli (ezoSia gaSlili)~. duqtiulia. amis dasturad SeiZleba moviKvanoT magaliTebi as-
mare mag cxeks xafxij
xafxij `Kvela (kaci Kvela) tKes aris mode- lan lipartelianis leqsikonidan:
buli (`tKes modebulia~)~. x-a-bral `ebraleba~
bajðS muTŸri Jigar sid sofellisga `ykuis damrigebeli x-a-Znel `eZneleba~
(maswavlebeli) mxolod TviTon aris darCenili sofelSi (`da- Takil `eTakileba~
x-a-Takil
rCenilia sofelSi~). x-a-xil `moswons, axal xilad miaCnia~ da sxv.
Tamaras eSxu gezal gar xasidxasid `Tamaras erTi Svili-Ga qarTulSi, rogorc viciT, inversiuli formebis gverdiT
hKavs darCenili~. gaCnda arainversiulic (miKvars
miKvars _ v-Kvarob
rob m-i-kvirs _ v-
Kvarob,
garda feZedrekadTa kategoriis arqauli formebisa, sva- kvirob
kvirob).
rob
nurSi gvaqvs garegani saxeobis leqsikuri erTeulebi, rogorc svanurSi zemoaGniSnuli modelis inversiul zmnebTan se-
uwodebs maT a. daviTiani, xolo z. yumburiZe msgavs formebs mantikurad axlos mdgomi Cans sruliad sxva formobrivi
awmKoSi nulsufiqsian statikurebad ganixilavs. mag.: gli… struqturis (i/Š _ -’l...), arainversiuli formebi:
`briKvulad zis (an dgas)~, g…il `TavSiSveli dgas~, k…ik
`koxtad zis~ da sxv. absolot. relat.
dGesdGeobiT msgavsi absoluturi formebi naklebad ixma- m-a-mbaj `mikvirs~ _ x…-
x…-i-mbj-
mbj- `vkvirob~ x…-
x…-e-mbj-
mbj- (me
reba, magram maTgan nawarmoebi relatiurebi sakmao raodenobi- ’l(mi
’l mi)
mi (me) ’l mas)
Taa. mag.: x-a-k…ik `micucqulia~ (is mas), x-a-biJg `dabJenilia~, m-a- `menane- _ x…-
x…-i-tkleb-
tkleb- `vZunwob~ x…-
x…-e- (me
x-a-K…iK `aKuncia~, x-a-pitK `awepia~, x-a-biG `abGenZia~ da sxv. tkleb ba~ ’l(mi
’l mi)
mi (me) tkleb-
tkleb-’l mas)
uGlebis TvalsazrisiT x-a-giy...
giy tipi emTxveva moqmedebiTi m-a-…kðf
…k f `meride- _ x…-
x…-…kaf-
…kaf- `vridob~ x…-
x…-e-…kaf-
…kaf- (me
gvaris da ara vnebiTis formebs: sid _ s…id- s…id-dðss `darCenili ba~ ’l(mi
’l mi)
mi (me) ’l mas)
viKavi~; sid-
sid-da `darCenili iKo~; x-a-sid _ x…a-
x…a-sid-
sid-dðss `darCe-
nili vKavdi~; x-a-sid-
sid-da `darCenili hKavda~. qarTulSi miKvars...
miKvars formis paralelurad vKvarob rob for-
vKvarob...
zemoaGniSnuli KalibiT (pi piris
piris niSa
niSani
Sani + xmova
xmovanip
vanipre
niprefiq
refiqsi
fiqsi mis gaCenas formobrivi da funqciuri Tanazomieri cvlilebis
Ziri + Ø) iwarmoeba agreTve afeqturi (e. w. grZnoba-
+ Ziri nimuSs uwodebs b. JorbenaZe da axali formobrivi struqtu-
aGqmis) zmnebi. miCneulia, rom qarTulSi grZnoba-aGqmis leqsi- ris gaCenis mizezad I piris aqtiurobas asaxelebs. inversiuli

53 54
statikuri zmnebis sapirispirod pirdapiri wKobis calebis ga- suli
sulie
lieria sagani, romelsac samSvinveli aqvs da sakuTari
Cenis mizezad sistemaSi xarvezebis Sevsebisaken swrafva miaCnia ZaliT moZraobs: adamiani, cxoveli, frinveli, Tevzi, mweri,
m. suxiSvils da amas bunebriv procesad Tvlis, radganac in- qvewarmavali...
versia gardamavali zmnis Tvisebaa. Cveni varaudiT grZnoba- usuloa
usuloa sagani, romelsac arc samSvinveli gaaCnia da arc
aGqmis zmnebma ukve CamoKalibebuli i/e e- _ -’l’l...
’l modeli sakuTari ZaliT moZraoba ar SeuZlia: xe, miwa, qva, zRva, mTa...
gamoiKenes, erTi mxriv, subieqtis aqtivobis gamosaxatavad da sulieri da usulo arsebiTi saxelebi gansxvavebulad iq-
meore mxriv, inversiul zmnebs -’l elementiani formebis saxiT cevian sintaqsuri urTierTobis dros, kerZod - zmnasTan ri-
gauCndaT arainversiuli opozicia, romelTa garkveul nawils cxvSi Sewyobisas.
droTa meore JgufSi ergatiuli konstruqcia axasiaTebT. sazo
sa zoga
zogado
ga saku
do da sakuTa
ku Tari
Ta saxe
ri sa xele
xelebi
lebi
saxeli SeiZleba iyos saku sakuTa
kuTari
Tari an sazo
sazoga
zogado
gado.
do
amaTgan, sakuTar saxelebSi Sedis:
1. adami
adamian
mianTa
anTa saxelebi (nino, daviTi...);
2. adami
adamian
mianTa
anTa gvare
gvarebi
rebi (WavWavaZe, dadiani, Sengelia...);
nino JorbenaZe 3. cxovel
cxovelTa
velTaTvis
TaTvis Serqmeuli saxelebi (wiqara, Rvi-
nia...);
4. geog
geogra
ografi
rafiu
fiuli saxelebi (saqarTvelo, Tbilisi,
arse
arsebi
sebiT
biT saxe
saxelTa
xelTa Jgufebi qarTulSi
mtkvari, mTawminda...);
5. ciur
ciur mnaTob
mnaTobTa
TobTa saxelebi (mze, mTvare, venera...);
arsebiT saxelTa jgufebis gamoyofisaTvis gadamwyveti mni-
6. Jurnal
Jurnal-
nal-gaze
gazeTe
zeTebis
Tebis,
bis, dawe
dawese
wesebu
sebule
buleba
leba-
ba-orga
organi
ganiza
nizaci
zacie
ciebis
Svneloba unda mivaniWoT formawarmoebas da ara _ Sinaarss...
saxel
saxelwo
xelwodewodebe
debebi
bebi (`mnaTobi~, Tsu...)...
amis mixedviT adre arsebulisgan gansxvavebiT darCeba Semdegi
sakuTari saxelebi gansxvavebulad ibrunian... amasTanave,
4 jgufi:
brunebis mixedviT gansxvavebuli jgufebi gamoiyofa TviTon sa-
1. vin da ra jgufis arsebiTi saxelebi;
kuTari saxelebis SigniTac...
2. suli
sulie
lieri da usulo
usulo arsebiTi saxelebi;
3. sazo
sazoga
zogado
gado da saku
sakuTa
kuTari
Tari arsebiTi saxelebi;
4. abstraq
abstraq
abstraqtu
straqtuli
tu saxe
li sa xele
xelebi
lebi
abstraqtu
straqtuli
tuli arsebiTi saxelebi.
abstraq
abstraqtu
straqtul
tul arsebiTebSi vaerTianebT Semdegi tipis saxe-
jgufis
vin da ra jgu arse
fis arsebi
sebiTi
bi saxe
Ti sa xele
xelebi
lebi
lebs:
kiTxvebis mixedviT arsebiTi saxelebi orgvaria: vin jgufi-
1. araniv
aranivTi
nivTie
Tieri saxis
saxis mqone
mqone (sixaruli, bedniereba,
sa da ra jgufisa. vin kiTxva daesmis adamianTa saxelebs, ra ki-
sinanuli...);
Txva _ yvela danarCens.
2. nivTi
nivTie
Tiereba
rebaTa
baTa (oqro, Saqari, bamba, rZe, Tafli...);
konteqstis mixedviT zogierTi arsebiTi saxeli SeiZleba
3. krebiT
krebiT (axalgazrdoba, xalxi, eri, naZvnari...);
sxvadasxva jgufs ganekuTvnos. mag.: axalgaz
axalgazrdo
gazrdobas
rdobas (`vin
vin~
vin~ jgu-
4. movle
movlenis
vlenis aRmniS
aRmniSvnel
mniSvnel (wera, keTeba, siyvaruli...)
fi) baRSi moeyara Tavi; magram: mTeli axalgaz
axalgazrdo
gazrdoba
rdoba (`ra
ra~
ra~
abstraqtuli saxelebis ZiriTadi Tavisebureba is aris,
jgufi) gaWirvebaSi gaatara.
rom maT mravlobiTi ricxvi ar ewarmoebaT...
suli
su lier
li eri
er usulo
i da usu arse
lo arsebi
sebiTi
bi saxe
Ti sa xele
xelebi
lebi
nivTieri saxis mqone sagani orgvaria: sulieri an usulo.

55 56
proeq
proeqti
eqti `mTis kavka
kavkasi
kasiu
siuri enebi
enebi saqar
saqarTve
qarTvelo
TveloSi
loSi.
Si. III~
III~ obieqturi mizezebis gamo, magram wina wlebSi mopovebuli ma-
sala sakmarsia imisaTvis, rom saWiro muSaoba Catardes.
proeqti xorcieldeba qarTvelologiis, humanitaruli meTor
meTorme
Tormete
mete kvartal
kvartalSi
talSi sakvlevi enobrivi erTeulebisa-
da socialuri mecnierebis fondis (rusTavelis fondis) # Tvis momzadda leqsikonebi (afxazur-qarTuli, qistur-qarTu-
026-08 grantis Sesabamisad. li, bacbur-qarTuli, xunZur-qarTuli, beJitur-qarTuli, udi-
ur-qarTuli) _ TiToeuli 1000 sityvis moculobisa.

amiT sruldeba muSaoba proeqtze `mTis kavkasiuri enebi

saqarTveloSi~. is amocana, romelic dasaxuli hqondaT proeq-
vaJa Sengelia tis monawileebs, Sesrulebulia. wlis darCenili dReebi mo-
xmardeba imas, rom naSromebma srulyofili saxe miiGos.
sagran
sagranto
granto proeqt
proeqtze
eqtze muSa
muSao
Saobis me
mesa
same
same wlis momaval wels daiwyeba naSromebis gamocema calke monog-
(IX-
IX-XII kvarta
kvartale
talebi
lebi)
bi) Sede
Sedege
degebis
gebis Sesa
Sesaxeb
saxeb rafiebis saxiT.

2010 wlis gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli iyo saqarTveloSi

warmodgenili eqvsi enobrivi (baTumel afxazTa metyveleba,
CeCnuri enis qisturi dialeqti, bacburi ena, xunZuri enis an-
wuxuri dialeqti, beJituri ena, udiuri ena) sintaqsis saki- nana mayavariani
Txebis analizi, agreTve, mcire leqsikonebis Sedgena da gamo-
kvlevebis redaqtireba. baTu
baTumel
Tumel afxazTa
afxazTa met
metKvele
velebis
lebis Sesa
Sesaxeb
saxeb.
xeb. III
mecxre
mecxre kvartal
kvartalSi
talSi Seswavlil iqna atributuli sintagma
(saxeluri Sesityveba) sakvlev enobriv erTeulebSi, gairkva is axaldamwerlobiani afxazuri enis istoria ukeT aRdgeba
saerTo da specifikuri, rac maT axasiaTebs saTanado salite- naklebad Seswavlili Tqmebis (kiloebis) monacemTa gamowu-
raturo enasa (afxazuri, CeCnuri, xunZuri) Tu dialeqtebTan lilviT Seswavlis safuZvelze.
SedarebiT... gaTvaliswinebuli iqna atributuli sintagmis afxazur dialeqtTa gavrcelebis ZiriTad teritorias
komponentTa wyobis, ricxvsa Tu klasSi SeTanxmebis brunebis mowyvetil afxazTa metyveleba iZleva Zvirfas masalas afxa-
sakiTxebi. zuri enis ganviTarebis gzis gasaTvaliswineblad.
mea
meaTe kvartal
kvartalSi
talSi kvlevis obieqti iyo zmnuri Sesityveba cnobilia, rom enobrivi monacemebi swrafad eqvemdebare-
(predivatuli sintagma) da is sintaqsuri konstruqciebi, rom- ba cvlilebas, gansakuTrebiT maSin, rodesac esa Tu is ena gan-
lebic gardamaval Tu gardauval zmnaTa monawileobiT iqmneba. sxvavebul enobriv samyaroSia moqceuli.
meTer
meTerTme
TerTmete
Tmete kvartal
kvartalSi
talSi moxda ukve Sesrulebuli samuSa- 2010 wlis pirveli kvartalSi warmodgenili iqna
oebis redaqtireba-Sevseba. moewyo xuTi samecniero eqspedicia afxazuri enis sintaqsi. I. saxeluri Sesityvebis (atributuli
(mivlineba) xuT enobriv erTeulze dakvirvebis gasagrZeleblad sintagmis) analizi.
da masalis mosapoveblad (baTumi da misi axlomdebare sofle- meore kvartalSi damuSavda sintaqsi. II. zmnuri Sesityve-
bi, axmetis raioni _ pankisis xeoba, yvarlis raionis soflebi bis predikatuli sintagmis analizi. mesame kvartali daeTmo
_ Tiki, saruso, Cantlisyure, oqtomberi). erTi eqspedicia gamokvlevebisa da enaTmecnieruli teqstebis gamosacemad mo-
(axmetis raionis sofeli zemo alvani) Catareba ver moxerxda mzadebas. muSaoba Catarda arsebuli samecniero literaturis
57 58
kritikuli analizisa da, agreTve Cven mier mopovebuli enob- zogi raodenobiTi ricxviTi saxeli qisturSi fonetiku-
rivi masalis safuZvelze. meoTxe kvartalSi gaTvaliswinebulia rad gansxvavebulia saliteraturo enis monacemebisagan. ase,
mcire orenovani (afxazur-qarTuli) leqsikonis Sedgena-momza- magaliTad:
deba. 1. saliteraturo enaSi rTul ricxviT saxelebs –a dabo-
proeqtis farglebSi 2010 wlis mesame kvartalSi, samec- loeba aqvT, romlis funqciac dadgenili ar aris. igi ar Cans
niero grantiT gaTvaliswinebuli samuSaos farglebSi 7. 06. qisturSi. garda amisa, dasaxelebul rTul ricxviT saxelTa
10. _ 24. 07. 10 mivlinebiT vimyofebodi q. baTumSi da sof. meore komponents warmoadgens martivi fuZe iTT `aTi~, ro-
feriaSi, sadac vakvirdebodi aWaraSi mcxovreb afxazTa metyve- melsac bolokidur poziciaSi -a xmovani ara aqvs. Sdr.:
lebas. salit. ena qisturi dialeqti
Cemi informatorebi iyvnen: roin agrba (52 wlis), Tamaz caჲTTa caჲTT `TerTmeti~
Cimba (44 wlis), liuda ajba (84 wlis), luara meforia (48 SiჲTTa SiჲTT `Tormeti~
wlis), irma SaraSiZe (28 wlis), liana arSba (53 wlis), maTgan âoჲTTa âoჲTT `cameti~...
Caviwere afxazuri metyvelebis nimuSebi; zRaprebi, frazebi, an- 2. amave saxelebSi qisturi da saliteraturo enis mona-
dazebi. (audio da video masala, romelsac warmovadgen samec- cemebi gansxvavebulia bgeriTi SedgenilobiTac:
niero konferenciaze) d-eჲTTa d-iჲTT `ToTxmeti~
amJamad mopovebul masalas vamuSaveb. ჲalxiTTa ჲaxaჲTT||ჲaxeჲTT||ჲaxiTT `Teqvsmeti~
vérhiTTa varaჲTT||vareჲTT||variTT `Cvidmeti~
bჲerhiTTa baraჲTT||bareჲTT||bariTT `Tvrameti~
Sdr., agreTve:
tyჲesna tyøsT `cxrameti~
rostom fareuliZe igive saxelebi inguSurSi Semdegi saxiT dasturdeba:
d-iჲTTa, ჲalxaჲTTa, vuraჲTTa, baraჲTTa.
ricx
ricxviT
cxviT saxel
saxelTa
xelTa zogi
zogi Tavi
Tavise
visebu
sebure
burebis
rebis Sesa
Sesaxeb
saxeb CeCnu
CeCnuri
nuri CamoTvlil saxelebSi sainteresoa lx, lx, rh TanxmovanTa kom-
enis qistur
qistur dia
dialeqtSi
leqtSi pleqsebis gamartivebis, daSlis sakiTxi qisturSi, sadac zog
arsebiT saxelsa zmnur fuZeSi lx kompleqsi Íx-s iZleva. Sdr.:
qistur dialeqtSi iseve, rogorc CeCnur saliteraturo salit. ena qisturi dialeqti
enaSi, garCeulia raodenobiTi, rigobiTi, wilobiTi da jerobi- nalxa noÍx (< naÍx) `karaqi~
Ti ricxviTi saxelebi. eseni gansazRvruli ricxviTi saxelebia. ølxa oÍx (< aÍx) `salesi qva~
amaT gverdiT arsebobs mcirericxovani ganusazRvreli ricxvi- alxa oÍxa (< aÍxa) `CeCva~...
Ti saxelebic. Sdr., agreTve
Tvlis sistema ocobiTia. ricxviTi saxelebi TerTmetidan d-ჲelxa d-iჲxa||d-ჲelxa `tirili~.
Tvrametis CaTvliT iwarmoeba modeliT erTeulis aRmniSvneli am bolo magaliTSi lx kompleqsi sxvagvarad aris Secvlili.
sityva + `aTi~: caჲTT (caØ `erTi~ + ჲTT < iTT `aTi~) `Ter- 3. gansxvavebulia rigobiT ricxviT saxelTa warmoeba qis-
Tmeti~, SiჲTT (SiØ `ori~ + iTT `aTi~) `Tormeti~... tur dialeqtsa da saliteraturo enaSi. gansxvaveba fonetikis
yvela naxur enaSi klasniSniania `oTxis~ aRmniSvneli ri- farglebs ar scildeba:
cxviTi saxeli da misgan nawarmoebi `ToTxmeti~ da oTxmoci~ SolRa SolloR `meore~
(qisturSi: d-iØ `oTxi~, d-iჲTT `ToTxmeti~, d-eÍztya `oTxmoci~). âoØalRa âoØolloR `mesame~

59 60
 d-èalRa d-iolloR `meoTxe~ o¹ (yaGo o¹ `magari~, daƒo o¹ `didi~...), a¹ (zoraa¹ `mamaci~, xalaa¹
fxèalRa fxiolloR `mexuTe~ `sawKeni~...).
tyalRa tyol(l)oR `meoce~... viTarebiT (iSviaTad mimarTebiT) zedsarTav saxelebSi ga-
i. aliroevis mixedviT, qisturSi ll-s
ll nacvlad gvaqvs l. rCeulia x a r i s x i s o r i f o r m a: d a d e b i T i da S e -
Taviseburad iwarmoeba wya `pirveli~, magram rTul ricxviT d a r e b i T i.
saxelebSi dasturdeba erTi-s aRmniSvneli fuZisagan nawarmo- S e d a r e b i T i xarisxis mawarmoeblad miiCneven sufiq-
ebi rigobiTi ricxviTi saxeli caolloR `meerTe~: tyê sebs: -xu, ux, < -xu (Sifneri); -vx (deSerievi); x < -xš < xu
xu, -ux,
caolloR `ocdameerTe~... naTelia, rom CeCnurSi viTareba (gagua); -vx < -ux < -xu (holiski, gagua); -x (yrelaSvili).
qarTuliseburia. bacburSi SeiZleba gamoiKos S e d a r e b i T i xarisxis ma-
4. qarTuli -mag-i sufiqss (Sdr.: or-mag-i, sam-mag-i...) Sesa- warmoebeli s u f i q s e b i: -x º -xš, -vx º -vxš vxš, -ivxš
ivxš, uxš
uxš º
tyvisi qisturSi aris -lxa
lxa,
lxa romelic specialur literatura- xš, romlebic daerTvian boloxmovnis nazaliaciaCamoSorebul
Si, ramdenadac CvenTvis cnobilia, aRwerili ar aris. qarTul saxelobiTis fuZes davi i¹ (`msubuqi~) _ davi i-vx (`ufro msubu-
samecniero literaturaSi -mag mag-
mag-i kvalificirebulia rogorc qi~):
sufiqsi-morfemoidi, romelic daerTvis ricxviT saxelebs da 1. -x (º-xš) sufiqsi gvxvdeba -u¹-sa da ur-ze ur daboloebul
gamoxatavs jeradobas (jorbenaZe.., 1988). -lxa
lxa sufiqsiT ricxvi- zedsarTav saxelebSi: dacu u¹ `mokle~ _ dacu u-xx(š
š) ufro mo-
Ti saxelebis warmoeba qisturSi produqtiuli ar aris da kle~, `SedarebiT mokle~; laxu u¹ `dabali~ _ laxu u-x ufro da-
Svidis zemoT iSviaTad ixmareba. ase, magaliTad: bali~; JuGur ur `uSno~ _ JuGur ur-x ufro uSno~; lamzur
ur- ur lama-
caØ `erTi~ ca-lxa `erTmagi~ zi~ _ lamzur ur-x(š
ur- š) `ufro lamazi~...
SiØ `ori~ Sa-lxa `ormagi~ 2. -vx(º- vxš) sufiqss vadasturebT i¹-boloxmovnian zedsar-
vx -vxš
âoØ `sami~ âa-alxa `sammagi~... Tav saxelebSi: davi i¹ `msubuqi~ _ davi-vx vx `ufro msubuqi~; %ar-
Cveni varaudiT, or-is, sam-is aRmniSvnel fuZeebSi aRdgeba yi
i¹ `Savi~ _ %aryi-vx vx `ufro Savi~; TiSi i¹ `Zveli~ _ TiSi i-vx
Tavdapirveli xmovani -a (Sdr. dialeqturi variantebi: SaÍ-z- `ufro Zveli~; win˜ `axali~ _ wini i-vx ufro axali~; stami i¹
tya `ormoci~, âaÍ-z-tya `samoci~). `msxvili, sqeli~, stami i-vx `ufro sqeli, msxvili~...
3. -ivxš
ivxš sufiqsi daCndeba e¹-ze daboloebul zedsarTav
saxelebSi: wege e¹ `wiTeli~ _ weg-ivx ivx{š} `ufro wiTeli~; laƒe
ivx{ e¹
`maGali~ _ laƒ-ivx ivx{š} `ufro maGali~; darste
ivx{ e¹ `msxvili~ _
darst-ivx
ivx `ufro msxvili~...
latavra sanikiZe 4. -uxš
uxš sufiqsi gamoiKofa -o da a- xmovanfuZian saxeleb-
Si: daƒ´oo¹ didi~ _ daƒ´-ux ux `ufro didi~; kawko o¹ `patara~ _
zedsar
zedsarTa
sarTavi
Tavi saxe
saxelis
xelis xaris
xarisxis
risxis forma
formaTa
maTa warmoe
warmoebis kawk-ux
ux `ufro patara~...
Tao
Taobaze
baze bacbur
bacbur (wova
wova-
va-TuSur
TuSur)
Sur) enaSi
enaSi zoraa¹ `mamaci~ _ zora-ux ux `ufro mamaci~...
zemoT moKvanili -x(º--xš), -vx(º-vx -vx),
vx -ivx(ºivxivxš), -uxš
ivx ivxš uxš(ºxxš)
bacburSi gamoiKofa viTarebiTi da mimarTebiTi zedsarTa- sufiqsebi momdinareobs -xš<-xu sufiqsisagan, misi (-xu xu sufiq-
vi saxelebi. sis) nairsaxeoba SedarebiTi xarisxis formebSi fonetikuri
viTarebiTi zedsarTavi saxelebi Cveulebriv bolovdeba na- cvlilebebis (metaTezisi, xmovanTa SerwKma, monacvleoba, dif-
zalur xmovnebze: i¹ (Geli i¹ susti~, Karyi
i¹ Savi~...), e¹ (Gaze
e¹ Tongizacia, asimilacia) Sedegia. nimuSad warmovadgenT -x(º--
kargi~, Kah´e
e¹ `mware~...), u¹ (laxu
u¹ `dabali~, dacuu¹ `mokle~...), xš), -vx(º-
vx -vx),
vx -ivx(ºivx ivxš), -uxš
ivx ivxš uxš(ºxxš) s u f i q s e b i s a T v i s

61 62
amosavali -xu sufiqsis cvlilebis T i T o S e m T x v e v a s: 1. levan azmaifaraSvili
dacu-xx(š
š) (`ufro mokle~) < dacu-u-x(š) < dacu-u-xu; 2. davi-
vx (`ufro msubuqi~) < davi-uxš < davi-xu; 3. weg-ivx ivxš (`ufro
ivxš zog sintaq
sintaqsur
taqsur Tavi
Tavise
visebu
sebure
bureba
rebaTa
baTa Sesa
Sesaxeb
saxeb xunZu
xunZuri
Zuri
wiTeli~) < wege-vxu < wege-uxu < wege-xu; 4. daƒ´-ux ux (`ufro di- enis anwu
anwuxur
wuxur dia
dialeqtSi
leqtSi
di~) < daƒ´-u-uxš < daƒ´o-uxš < daƒ´o-xu.
paraleluri formebi (amosavali da meoreuli) dasturde- rogorc cnobilia, iberiul-kavkasiur enaTa didi nawilis
ba a. SifnerTan (1856), d. da n. qadagiZeebis `wova-TuSur-qar- msgavsad, xunZur enaSi ar moipoveba `qona-yolis~ aRmniSvneli
Tul-rusul leqsikonSi~ (1984), XX s.-is samocian wlebSi Cawe- zmnuri formebi. `qona-yolis~ semantika rom gadmosces, vTqvaT,
ril teqstebsa da Tanamedrove bacburSic: daƒ´o ošx `ufro di- amdagvar winadadebaSi `Zmas cxeni hyavs~, xunZuri ena iyenebs
di) º daƒ´uxux doxo
ux; ošx (`ufro dangreuli~) º doxu ux; Gaze
ešx Semdegi saxis sintaqsur konstruqcias: vac´as´ul Cu bugo, zed-
(`ufro kargi~) º Gazevx vxš º Gazi
vxš išx º Gazivx
ivx dax´exx (`ufro
ivx... miw. `Zmisa cxeni aris~ (= `hyavs~); aseTive tipisaa winadadeba:
grZeli) º dax´ivx
ivx mawrixxš (`ufro tkbili~) º mawrivx
ivx... vx daqixxš
vx; dir „arac bugo, zedmiw. `Cemi fuli aris~ (= `maqvs~) da sxva;
(`ufro kargi~) º daqivx vx...
vx anu aseT SemTxvevaSi meSveli zmna bugo
bugo (`aris~) realur subi-
amosavalia zedsarTavi saxelis SedarebiTi xarisxis forme- eqts, rogorc wesi, marTavs naTesaobiT brunvaSi. `qona-yolis~
bi daƒ´ošx, doxoux... magram mawrixš, daqixš formebi meoreu- Sinaarsis gadmomcem am tipis konstruqcias specialistebi
lad SeiZleba miviCnioT: xarisxis formaSi daqivx vx (vx
vx... vx sufiq- uwodeben posesiur (resp. naTesaobiTian) konstruqcias (arn. Ci-
sidan ikargeba v Tanxmovani (daqivx > daqix), v-s dakargva xSi- qobava, il. cercvaZe,1962).
rad iCens Tavs bacburSi. x ikavebs ufroobiTi xarisxis mawar- magram `qona-yolis~ Sinaarss xunZur enaSi SeiZleba
moebeli sxva sufiqsebis adgils (Sdr. Gaze e¹ `kargi~ _ Gazivx ivx gadmoscemdes sxva tipis sintaqsuri konstruqciac, romelSic
º Gazix
ix...
ix bugo
bugo (`aris~) meSvel zmnasTan realuri subieqti warmodgeni-
bacburi zedsarTavi saxelis SedarebiTi xarisxis -xu saer- lia II seriis lokatiur brunvaSi. amrigad gvaqvs ori saxis
Toa CaCn. -xo,
xo ing. -Ga sufiqsebTan. konstruqcia:
CaCnur-inguSurSi zedsarTavis SedarebiTi xarisxis formas
SesaZlebelia hqondes zmnizedis mniSvnelobac (Sdr. rusuli vac´as´u-l
l Cu bugo (RS naT. br.)
выше `ufro maGla~ º `maGla~) iseve, rogorc dadebiTi zed- `Zmas cxeni hyavs~
sarTavi saxelisa da zmnizedis SemTxvevaSi. vac´as´u-ƒ
ƒ Cu bugo (RS II ser. lokat. br.)
bacburSi SeiniSneba aGmate biTi da odna
aGmatebi
tebiTi odnao biTi xarisxis
naobiTi
formebis CamoKalibebis tendencia y da ka‡ nawilakebiT: y na- `qona-yolis~ Sinaarsis gadmomcemi winadadebebi, romle-
wilaki daerTvis zedsarTavis SedarebiTi xarisxis formas bic II seriis lokatiuri brunvis formian realur subieqts
(Gazexu-yy (`Zalian kargi~, `saukeTeso~) < Gazexu (`ufro kar- Seicaven, xunZur enaSi jer kidev
gi~) + y nawilaki), ka‡ nawilaki _ zedsarTavi saxelis saxelo- p. uslarma daadastura (p. uslari, 1889). rogorc amJamad ga-
biTi brunvis formas (Gaze¹ka‡ (`cotaTi kargi~) < Gaze¹ (`kar- rkveulia, naTesaobiTiani (posesiuri) konstruqciis winadade-
gi~) _ ka‡ nawilaki. bebisagan II seriis lokativiani winadadebebi gamoirCevian imiT,
rom maTi meSveobiT gadmoicema risame droebiT flobis Sina-
arsi (z. malaeva, 2008).
II seriis adgilobiT brunviani analogiuri konstruqcia
moepoveba anwuxur dialeqtsac (vemyarebiT yvarlis r-nis sof.

63 64
TivSi mosaxle anwuxeli xunZebis toxur-Wadaqolour metyve-
lebas), oRond saliteraturo (resp. Crdilouri xunZuris) -ƒ
formantis nacvlad aq mis funqciur Sesatyvisad gvevlineba
sufiqsi -x, mag., baba-xx bugu dir „araS `dedas aqvs Cemi fuli~
(zedmiw. `dedasTan aris Cemi fuli~), di-xx hedinab hunar Te‡u
`me aseTi SesaZlebloba ar gamaCnia~ (amJamad da ara saer-
Tod)...
warmovadgenT sxva magaliTebsac anwuxuri -x lokativis
(saliteraturo xunZuris -ƒ formantis funqciuri Sesatyvi-
sis) winadadebebSi gamoyenebisa.
saliteraturo xunZurSi (resp. Crdilour xunZurSi), sxva
konstruqciaTa Soris, Cveulebriv gamoiyeneba Semdegi saxis
ori konstruqcia:
t¾e di-e
e tex½
`momeci me wigni!~
t¾e di--e tex½
anwuxurSi am winadadebebs Seesatyviseba:
t¾e dib-ee tex½
`momeci me wigni!~
t¾e di-xx tex½
nacvalsaxelTa lokativiani formebi (lit. di-ƒ ƒ-e, anw.
di-xx) ramdenadme gansxvavdebian micemiTiani formebisagan (lit.
di-ee, anw. dib-e
e) imiT, rom winadadebebSi isini gadmoscemen
aseT semantikur niuanss: `momeci wigni ramdenime xniT~, `ma-
Txove wigni~...
saliteraturo xunZurSi moipoveba calkeuli iseTi zmne-
bi, romlebTanac iribi damateba II seriis lokatiur brunvaSi
daismis xolme; aseTi zmnebia, magaliTad, b-alahize `cqera, yu-
reba~, b-alahun W´eze `lodini~ da sxva. anwuxur dialeqtSi Se-
sabamis zmnebTan iribi damateba Cveulebriv -x sufiqsiT ga-
formebuli gvxvdeba. magaliTebi sofel Tivis metyvelebidan:
qinulgu du-xx lahu rugu `yvelani Sen giyureben~ (Sdr. lit.
qinalgo du-ƒ ƒ ralahun rugo), mun lahu w´a di-xx lÀ´a `Sen da-
melode me aq!~ (Sdr. lit. mun valahun W´a di-ƒ ƒ haniv!)... msgavs
65
viTarebas warmogvidgens zmna-Sesityveba rot¾i q´eze `Seyvare-
ba~, mag., saliteraturo xunZurSi: has´ul rot¾i q´ana do
asalÀ´u-ƒƒ `mas Seuyvarda is gogo~. es winadadeba anwuxurad
aseTi iqneba: Rus´ul rot¾i x½ala he aalÀ´-xx (forma aalÀ´-x ←
aalÀ´-u-x ← as-alÀ´-u-x, as `gogo, qaliSvili~)...
saliteraturo xunZurSi cnobilia II seriis lokatiuri
brunvis kidev erTi daniSnuleba. rogorc dadgenilia, subieq-
ti II seriis elativis formaSi gamoiyeneba agreTve uneblie,
SemTxveviTi moqmedebis semantikis gamosaxatavad (z. malaeva,
2007). II seriis lokatiuri brunvis formanti -ƒ ƒ elativis (da-
cilebiTis) formaSi iqneba -ƒ-a. magaliTad: lit. di--ƒ-a heb
Ralat q´ana `me es Secdoma uneburad momivida~ (zedmiw. `Cem-
gan es Secdoma moxda~...anwuxurSic uneburobis semantikas
gadmoscems subieqti elativis formaSi, Tumca saliteraturo
enisagan gansxvavebiT, igi warmodgenilia I seriis adgilobiTi
brunvis elativis formiT: anw. di-s s´ heb Ralat x½a `me es Se-
cdoma uneburad momivida~ (anw. di-s´ ← di-da-s´a)...
lit. di-ƒ--a isTaqan beqana
`me Wiqa gamityda~
(zedmiw. `Cemgan Wiqa gatyda~)
s´ isTaqan beqtva
anw. di-s
Sdr. lit. di-c c´a (RS erg. br.) isTaqan beqana `me Wiqa ga-
vtexe (ganzrax)~, anw. di-ll¶ (RS erg. br.) isTaqan beqa...
sof. Tivis anwuxelTa metyvelebaSi gvxvdeba agreTve Ta-
viseburi morfema -dax. dax. es anwuxuri forma saliteraturo
xunZurSi efardeba II seriis alativis (mimarTulebiTis) -ƒ--e
formas. magaliTebi: lit. di-ƒ--e royos´an x´abar S´veWo, zed-
miw. `Cem-Tan-ken saxlidan ambavi ar movida~ (`Sinidan ambavi ar
momsvlia~), Sdr. anw. di-dax ruyis´ x´abar S´veleWu; lit.
duc´a vac´as´u-ƒ--e qaRaT ƒvaWiS´ `Sen Zmas (zedmiw. `Zmas-Tan-ken~)
werili ar miswere?~, Sdr. anw. dul¶ vac´as´-dax dax qaRaT ƒvaWiS´?
da sxva.
rogorc Cans, anwuxurSi morfema -dax warmomavlobiT
unda iyos I seriis lokatiuri brunvis formanti -da, da romel-
sac darTuli aqvs mimarTulebis (alativis) gamomxatveli anwu-
xuri sufiqsi -x (-da-x).
66
 anwuxuri dialeqtis sintaqsur TaviseburebaTa magaliTe- (Sdr. sak. did. et…
t…-a
t… "id".) `dasxma~, sak. beJ. ak
ko < ak…
k…o
k…
bad SeiZleba moviyvanoT agreTve Semdegi faqtebi: hunz. roɺku <*roɺk…o
k… (Sdr. xvar. lok…
k… k…a
k… "id".) da misT.
saliteraturo enaSi zmna rixi
rixine
xine (`siZulvili~) grZnoba- 2. marTalia, sxva didour enebSi labializebuli kom-
aRqmis gamomxatveli sxva ramdenime zmnis (verba sentiendi) msgav- pleqsis gamartivebis SemTxvevebi dasturdeba (bifonemuri kom-
sad realur subieqts, rogorc wesi, moiTxovs I seriis loka- pleqsebi fakultaturad icvlebian martivi TanxmovnebiT), mag-
tiuri brunvis formaSi (--da formantiT), xolo sof. Tivis an- ram igi Tanamimdevrulad da bolomde mxolod beJitur enaSi
wuxur metyvelebaSi imave mniSvnelobis zmna b-ih´ ih´zi (salitera- aris gatarebuli. amas cxadyofs ara mxolod zemodamowmebuli
turosagan gansxvavebiT igi cvalebadia klasisa da ricxvis mi- Zireuli masala, aramed sxva enaTagan SeTvisebuli leqsikac,
xedviT) realur subieqts micemiT brunvaSi marTavs: di-v v-e v-ih´- mag.: xunZ. q…en
q… > beJ. qen `saWmeli~, qarT. Rvino
Rv > beJ. Rino...
non Ra `me (RS mic. br.) mZuls igi (kaci)~, di---e -ih´non Re 3. labializebuli kompleqsebis gamartiveba Sepirobebu-
`me (RS mic. br.) mZuls igi (qali)~; Sdr. lit. lit. di-da da (RS li Cans rogorc uSualod fonetikuri faqtoriT (mezobel
I seriis lokat. br.) rixun vugo dov, di-da da rixun igo do. bgeraTa zegavleniT), ise wyvilbagismieri artikulaciis Sesus-
safiqrebelia, rom es movlena Sepirobebulia sapirispiro tebiT, rac damaxasiaTebelia ara mxolod beJiturisTvis, ara-
mniSvnelobis (`siyvaruli~) mqone zmnasTan analogiiT: anw. b- med zogadi niSania am enaTa sinamdvilisTvis.
at¾Ji `yvareba~ (lit. b-ot¾
at¾ ot¾ize),
ize anw. di-v v-e v-at¾ana Ra `me (RS
mic. br.) miyvars igi (kaci)~, Sdr. lit. di--e v-ot¾ula dov;
anw. di---e -at¾ana Re `me (RS mic. br.) miyvars igi (qali)~,
Sdr. lit. di--e -ot¾ula do da sxva. roman lolua

predi
predika
dikatu
katuli
tuli sintag
sintagmis
tagmis konstruq
konstruqci
struqcie
ciebisa
bisaTvis
saTvis
udiur
udiur enaSi
enaSi

nodar ardoteli udiur enaSi predikatuli sintagmis oTxi tipis kon-

struqcia gamoiyofa; esenia: nominatiuri, ergatiuli, datiuri
labi
labia
bialize
lizebu
zebuli
buli kompleq
kompleqsis
pleqsis gamar
gamarti
martive
tivebi
vebisa
bisaTvis
saTvis (inversiuli), posesiuri (genitiuri). piris nacvalsaxelTa su-
beJi
be Jitur
Jitur enaSi
enaSi bieqtad gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba vilaparakoT indefi-
nituri konstruqciis Sesaxeb (udiur enaSi piris nacvalsaxel-
1. labializebuli kompleqsi, sxva axlomonaTesave enaTa- Ta saxelobiTisa da ergativisaTvis erTi forma gvaqvs).
gan gansxvavebiT, niSandoblivi ar aris beJituri enisaTvis. C nominatiur konstruqciaSi, sxva iberiul-kavkasiur enaTa
+ W struqturis kompleqsi faqtobriv ori fonemis SemWidro- msgavsad, udiurSi predikats gardauvali zmna warmoadgens, xo-
ebul ariTmetikul jams udris da, aqedan gamomdinare, specia- lo subieqts _ nominativiT warmodgenili saxeli (gauforme-
lur literaturaSi delabializaciis procesze saubari piro- beli fuZe).
biTia [ix. xalilovi 1995: 393]. sinamdvileSi bifonemuri kom- ergatiuli konstruqciis Semadgeneli nawilebia: gardama-
pleqsis pirveli an meore komponentis sxvadasxvagvari gziT vali zmna da masTan dakavSirebuli ori saxeli _ realuri
(Serwyma, superacia, metaTezisi...) dakargvis faqtebi gvaqvs, subieqti ergativSi da pirdapiri obieqti micemiTsa an saxe-
mag.: sak: beJ. …o <*R…
R…o,
R… hunz. …– < R…–
R…– (Sdr. sak. did. RÀ…a: lobiTSi. pirdapiri obieqtis gadmocema micemiTis formiT
R… xvar. RÀ…e `id".). `ZaRli~, sak. beJ. git
hin. R…e: t-al <*git…
t…-al
t… mTis iberiul-kavkasiur enaTagan mxolod udiurisTvisaa dama-

67 68
xasiaTebeli. aRsaniSnavia, rom ergativSi dasmuli saxeli ram- li saxeli. zmna bu `yofnis~ mniSvnelobiTac gamoiyeneba (mag.,
denime erTpirian (axSum-es `sicili~; axSum-f-es `gacineba~) da zu bubu-zu `me var~) da aseT SemTxvevaSi igi nominatiur kon-
grZnoba-aRqmis zmnebTanac gvevlineba realur subieqtad. struqcias qmnis.
datiur (inversiul) konstruqcias ociode zmna qmnis. gansxvavebuli viTareba dasturdeba nijis dialeqtSi. var-
unda aRiniSnos, rom nijur kiloSi datiuri konstruqcia TaSnul kiloSi `qona~-`yolis~ aRmniSvneli zmnis konstruqci-
mTlianad moSlilia, xolo varTaSnulSi igi moSlis pirasaa isTvis (nij. fu) damaxasiaTebeli posesiuri (genetiuri) seri-
misuli _ amJamad, rogorc wesi, verba sentiendi-s tipis zmnebis is piris niSnebi Seicvala micemiT-subieqtiani seriis piris
subieqti dasmulia ergatiul brunvaSi, Tumca jer kidev XIX s. niSnebiT, Tumca misi subieqti, varTaSnulis msgavsad, naTesao-
dasasrulsa da XX s. dasawyisSi, rogorc udiuri teqstobrivi biTi brunvis formiTaa warmodgenili, mag.: z ø q ø r - ø  fu-
masalidan irkveva (udiuri oTxTavi, zRapari `rustam~, udiuri T  u xx-i sa Cuvux, iC ci eTør `za
zaqa
qari
qa rias
ri as (naT.) hyavda coli,
saanbano-sakiTxavi wigni `samji d„s~ da sxva), varTaSnulSi Ta- misi saxelia eTeri~...
nabrad gamoiyeneboda micemiTi da ergatiuli brunvis formebi grZnoba-aRqmis zmnebis Semcvleli datiuri konstruqcia
(bunebrivia, grZnoba-aRqmis zmnaTa subieqtis dasma ergativSi nijurSi, varTaSnulisagan gansxvavebiT, Seicvala ergatiuliT:
meoreuli movlenaa): te vaxta i s us - a andax- t u -bi iCen iC- subieqtad verba sentiendi zmnebTan mxolod ergativSi dasmuli
boS, Te Werine iCxo zor `maSin ie iesom
som (mic.) igrZno Tavis Tav- saxeli gvxvdeba da, amasTan, gamoiyeneba saxelobiT-ergativiani
Si, rom mas Zala gamosvlia (warTmevia)~ (mrk. 5, 30); seriis piris niSnebi.
magram: Setabaxtin-Te i ro d - e n bu- t u -ysa „elax udiurSi iribi obieqtis brunva yvela konstruqciasTan
†urukane `radganac he hero
rodes
ro des (erg.) surs bavSvi moZebnos (mT. aris micemiTi. amas garda, irib obieqtad SeiZleba superasivi-
2, 13). sa da -laxo `ze~, `zeda~ TandebuldarTuli naTesaobiTis
miuxedavad imisa, rom subieqti ergativSia dasmuli, formiT Segvxdes.
grZnoba-aRqmis zmnebi varTaSnulSi inarCuneben micemiT-subieq-
tiani seriis piris niSnebs, rac gvaZlevs kidec datiuri kon-
struqciis gamoyofis safuZvels.
udiur enaSi datiuri konstruqcia Taviseburebas iCens:
predikatad aseT konstruqciaSi, grZnoba-aRqmis gardauvali
zmnebis garda, gardamavali zmnebic gvevlineba: ababaq-es `cod-
na~; ak-es `xedva~; andaxb-es `grZnoba~; baq-es (rodesac gamoiye-
neba `SeZlebis~ mniSvnelobiT); buy-es (rodesac gamoiyeneba
`Seyvarebis~, `ndomis~, `mosurvebis~ mniSvnelobiT); ibaq-es `mo-
smena~; ixb-es `mogoneba~, `gaxseneba~; Calx-es `cnoba~.
realuri obieqti, ergatiuli konstruqciis msgavsad,
aqac saxelobiTsa an micemiTSi gveqneba.
posesiur (genitiur) konstruqcias mxolod erTi defeq-
turi zmna bu `qona~, `yola~ qmnis (is mxolod awmyosa da na-
myo-uwyvetelis droebs awarmoebs, xolo danarCen paradigmas
baq-es `yofa~, `arseboba~ `gaxdoma~ zmnis dro-kiloebi avseben).
posesiuri konstruqciis subieqtia naTesaobiT brunvaSi dasmu-

69 70