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REFRIGERACIÓN
ALI-422: INGENIERÍA DE PROCESOS CON BAJAS
TEMPERATURAS
RESULTADO DE APRENDIZAJE
1. Dimensionamiento y estructuras
Parte 1
2. Cálculo de cargas de frío
3. Refrigerantes
4. Tipos de evaporadores Parte 2
5. Tipos de compresores
refrigerant with temperatures below the saturation temperature for
At location D on Figure 6.3, just prior to the entrance to thea corresponding
expan- pressure. The area to the right-hand side of the dry
saturated vapor curve depicts the region where the refrigerant vapors
sion valve, the refrigerant is in a saturated liquid state. It is at or below
are at superheated temperatures above the saturation temperature of
its condensation temperature. The expansion valve separates the vaporhigh-
at the corresponding pressure. Within the bell-shaped curve,
the dryness fraction curves are useful in determining the liquid and
pressure region from the low-pressure region. After passing vapor through
content of the refrigerant.
the expansion valve, the refrigerant experiences a drop in Let pressure
INTRODUCCIÓN
us consider a simple vapor-compression refrigeration system,
accompanied by a drop in temperature. Due to the drop in pressure, where the refrigerant enters the expansion valve as saturated liquid
and leaves the evaporator as saturated vapor. Such a system is shown
on a pressure–enthalpy diagram in Figure 6.18.
w
■ Figure 6.18 A pressure–enthalpy chart
for a vapor-compression refrigeration cycle
under saturated conditions.
D B D C
P2 B
Pressure (kPa)
Expansion
Compressor
valve
P1
E A
H1 H2 H3
Enthalpy (kJ/kg)
Evaporator
E
3. SELECCIÓN DE UN REFRIGERANTE
• Tipos de evaporador:
Figure 6.4 Different types of evaporator
■
coils. (Courtesy of Carrier Co.)
1. Tubo descubierto
2. Superficie de placa
3. Aletados
Bare pipe Finned tube Plate
cilindro
A C= se abre la válvula para liberar
D
el gas (5% volumen del gas)
Cylinder volume (%) D= el pistón vuelve a su posición y
disminuye la presión
Intake
valve
open
5. b) Compresores 5. c) Compresores
centrífugos rotativos
• Utiliza un impulsor con varias • Utiliza una paleta que gira
paletas que giran a alta dentro de un cilindro
velocidad