Se llama tren de engranajes a aquella transmisión en la que existen más de dos

engranajes que permiten la transferencia de la potencia y reducción de

velocidad.
 Universidad de Ingeniería &
Tecnología UTEC

DIEÑO ELEMENTOS DE
MAQUINAS:
DISEÑO DE ENGRANAJES
RECTOS

Helard Alvarez Sanchez

halvarez@utec.edu.pe
Ver la sigueinte direccion electronica:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4N6Pj4Zdes
 DISEÑO DE ENGRANAJES
Un par de engranajes de dientes rectos debe ser parte de la caja de reducción para
una faja transportadora de una mina (Conveyor mine) que requiera 20 hp con la
velocidad del piñón a 550 rpm y la velocidad del engranaje entre 180 y 190 rpm. Sera
de uso continuo, como una unidad cerrada, 30 000 horas.
 Determinación del numero de dientes para un
numero de dientes del piñon de 24

VELOCITY RATIO FOR GEARS PROBLEM 62 VELOCITY RATIO FOR GEARS PROBLEM 63
DESIRED VR = 2.97297 DESIRED VR = 2.973

NP NG NG VR DIFF = NP NG NG VR DIFF =
Actual Actual Des VR - VR Act Actual Actual Des VR - VR Act
16 47.57 48 3.0000 0.02703 34 101.08 101 2.9706 0.00238
17 50.54 51 3.0000 0.02703 35 104.05 104 2.9714 0.00154
18 53.51 54 3.0000 0.02703 36 107.03 107 2.9722 0.00075
19 56.49 56 2.9474 0.02560 37 110.00 110 2.9730 0.00000
20 59.46 59 2.9500 0.02297 38 112.97 113 2.9737 0.00071
21 62.43 62 2.9524 0.02059 39 115.95 116 2.9744 0.00139
22 65.41 65 2.9545 0.01843 40 118.92 119 2.9750 0.00203
23 68.38 68 2.9565 0.01645 41 121.89 122 2.9756 0.00264
24 71.35 71 2.9583 0.01464 33 98.11 98 2.9697 0.00328

Min diff = 0.01464 Min diff = 0.00000

Solucion:

Design Power:
Asumir: Light Shock Driver and Moderate Shock Driven
Ko = 1.75 (pdf 378)

PDesign = (Ko)(PInput)
= (1.75)(20hp)
= 35hp
Seleccion de Pd
Pick Sizes

Pd = 5
Dp = 4.80 in
DG = 14.2 in
Np = 24 teeth
NG = 71 teeth

(pdf 377)
Center Distance

Pitch Line Speed

Tangential Load

Note: Use Input Power Here as Ko is applied Later!

Face Width
ASUNCIONES
Decisiones de diseño
Quality Number, Av = 11 (Table 9-5)(pdf 382) More precision, higher quality number!

Steel Pinion
Steel Gear Cp = 2300 (Table 9-7) (pdf 387)

Softer material, more relative

deformation, therefore contact area
increases and stress decreases
FACTORES GEOMETRICOS

Pinion: JP = .36
Gear: JG = .415
Figure 9-17 (pdf
376)
FIGURE 9-10
FIGURE 9-17

I = .108
Figure 9-17 (pdf 388)
FACTOR DE DISTRIBUCION DE CARGA
(pdf379)
Cont…

FACTOR DE TAMAÑO (pdf378)

ks = 1.0 since Pd ≥ 5
FACTOR DE GROSOR DE DISCO
(pdf380)

For this problem, specify a solid gear blank KB = 1.00

KB = 1.00 for mB = 1.2 or larger
Rim Thickness Factor Cont…

We are assuming a solid gear blank for this problem, but if not then use:
Min Rim Thickness = (1.2)(.45 in) = .54 in

Min back-up ratio

FACTOR DE SERVICIO
SF = 1.25 (Un valor de rango medio)

CONFIABILIDAD (pdf 394)

KR = 1.5 (Para 1 fallae en 10000)
FACTOR DINAMICO Kv
Pdf(383)
FACTOR DINAMICO Cont… Kv
Av de la figura 9-16 Kv =1.352

Kv puede ser calculado co mo se ve en la ecuacion de la Table 9.6.

La ecuacion es mas precisa
(pdf383)
DISEÑO POR HORAS DE VIDA
Ncp = (60)(L)(n)(q)
L = 30,000 hours from Table 9-12
n = 550 rpm
q = 1 contacts

Ncp = (60)(30,000 hours)(550 rpm)(1 contact) =

9.9x108 cycles

NcG = (60)(30,000 hours)( 185.92 rpm)(1 contact) = 3.34656x108 cycles

(pdf394)
FACTORES DE ESFUERZO POR CICLOS

Page 347(pdf395)
Page 347 (pdf395)
Bending Stress Numbers
Pinion:

Gear:
Required Bending Stress Allowable:
Contact Stress Number
Required Contact Stress Allowable:
Pinion:

Gear:
NUMERO DE DUSERA HB (Grade 1) Page 332, (pdf390)

Pinion Bending
Satp = 31467 psi = HB 230
Gear Bending
OK
SatG = 26850 psi = HB 180
Go to appendix A3 or A4 and spec out material that meets this hardness requirement! Example AISI 1340, OQT
1300 F
Hardness Numbers CONTACT (Grade 1)
Pdf 391

Pinion Contact

Gear Contact These Stresses are WAY too HIGH!

Values are off table!
Hardness Numbers CONTACT (Grade 1)
Hardness Numbers CONTACT (Grade 1)
Aceros con tratamiento termico
Cementados
Summary of Problem

Contact stresses are too High. Must iterate until stress are low enough until
a usable material can be found.

NOTE: Contact Stress generally controls. If material cannot be found for bending,
contact stress is too high!

Iterate! Decrease Pd and increase F

Excel is a GREAT tool to use for these Iterations.

This problem solved after third iteration using Excel
 Guidelines for Adjustments in
Successive Iterations.
1. Decreasing the numerical value of the diametral pitch results in larger teeth and
generally lower stresses. Also, the lower value of the pitch usually means a
larger face width, which decreases stress and increases surface durability.
2. Increase the diameter of the pinion decreases the transmitted load, generally
lowers the stresses and improves surface durability.
3. Increase the face width lowers the stress and improves surface durability but less
impact than either the pitch or pitch diameter.
4. Gears with more and smaller teeth tend to run more smoothly and quietly than
gears with fewer and larger teeth.
5. Standard values of diametral pitch should be used for ease of manufacture and
lower cost (See table 8-3).
6. Use high alloy steels with high surface hardness – results in the most compact
system but the cost is higher.
7. Use gears with high quality number, Av – adds cost but lowers load distribution
factor, Km.
8. The number of teeth in the pinion should be as small as possible to make the
system compact. But the possibility of interference is greater with fewer teeth.
Check Table 8-7 to ensure no interference will occur.