92 pindarosi

pindarosi
(daaxl. Zv.w. 518-438 ww.)

qorika Zveli berZnuli lirikis sxva saxeebTan SedarebiT yvelaze metad iyo
dakavSirebuli kultTan da religiur wesCveulebebTan. sagundo simRerebi
Tavisi folkloruli formiT, ra Tqma unda, uZvelesi saukuneebidan arsebobdnen,
Tumca maT droTa ganmavlobaSi sagrZnoblad icvales saxe. polisis epoqaSi himnma
sazogadoebrivi datvirTva miiRo: mas unda ganedidebina saxelmwifoebrivi
kultebi, rac Seqmnida polisis erTianobis safuZvels. amave epoqaSi gabatondnen
axali Janrebic, romlebic ZiriTadad adamianTa gandidebasa da xotbas emsaxure-
bodnen. gamoCndnen profesionali poetebi, romlebic werdnen simRerebs SekveTiT
da Sesabamis anazRaurebasac iRebdnen, Tumca amas xeli ar SeuSlia maTTvis Seeqm-
naT WeSmaritad poeturi qmnilebebi. aseT poetTa pleadas ganekuTvneba pin-
darosi, Zveli berZnuli qorikis ubrwyinvalesi warmomadgeneli. igi daibada Te-
bes maxloblad mdebare daba kinoskefaleSi Zv.w. 518 wels (sxva versiiT _522 w.).
misi Semoqmedebis dasawyisi periodi aRiniSneba metad mniSvnelovani istoriuli
movleniT _ es aris berZen-sparselTa omebis periodi. qserqsesis laSqrobis
dros pindarosi ukve saxelmoxveWili poeti iyo. igi Rebulobda SekveTebs Tesa-
lieli alevadebisagan (piT. X), aTeneli megaklesisgan (piT. VII), Tavad diadi sa-
berZneTis moasparezeebisganac (piT. VI da XII). magram, rogorc pindarosis qmnile-
baTa qronologiidan Cans, am periodisaTvis igi werda ufro metad RvTaebaTadmi
miZRvnil himnebs, vidre epinikiebs. rodesac delfo da Tebe sparseTs miemxrnen
(480 w.), pindarosma es movlena miiRo rogorc gonivruli aqti. magram saqme sxvag-
varadac datrialda: qserqsesi damarcxda (479 w.), xolo Tebem Zlivs daaRwia Tavi
`moRalatis~ samarcxvino saxels. yovelive es pindarosma mZafrad ganicada, rac
aisaxa kidec mis mier daaxloebiT am periodSi Seqmnil VIII isTmosur odaSi. sa-
zogadoebam, rogorc Cans, did poets apatia es gaugebroba. yovel SemTxvevaSi,
476 wels mas iwveven siciliaze hieron sirakuselisa da Teron akragaselis olim-
piur da piTiur gamarjvebaTa zeimze. sicilia am periodisTvis iTvleboda sa-
berZneTis politikur da kulturul centrad. aq Tavs iyridnen da Tavis ideebs
qadagebdnen im drois gamoCenili sazogado moRvaweebi, filosofosebi, Semo-
qmedni. pindarosis SemoqmedebaSi siciliuri periodi iTvleba misi poeturi aR-
mavlobis xanad. siciliuri ciklis odebi, rogorc pindarosis Semoqmedebis sau-
keTeso nimuSebi, epinikiaTa krebulis pirvel furclebze moaTavses aleqsan-
drielma swavlulebma.
Zv.w. 475 wlisaTvis pindarosi brundeba TebeSi. aq igi kvlavac agrZelebs ode-
bis weras sicilieli gamarjvebulebisaTvis. aRsaniSnavia kidev erTi faqti, rasac
pindarosis sulier samyaroSi mZime kvali unda daetovebina: hieron sirakuseli,
romelsac pindarosma ramdenime brwyinvale oda uZRvna, da romelmac 468 wels
pindarosi 93

moipova etliT srbolaSi didi xnis nanatri olimpiuri gamarjveba, odas ukve-
Tavs ara pindaross aramed bakqilidess (es oda Cvenamdec SemorCa). am faqtiT aR-
SoTebuli pindarosi wers sapasuxo simReras (piT.II), sadac iqsionis miTiT hiero-
nis umadurobaze mianiSnebs, xolo Tavis metoqe bakqilidess uwodebs maimuns. da
mainc miuxedavad amgvari marcxisa, siciliidan dabrunebis Semdeg pinda-
rosisaTvis dgeba warmatebebis xana (475-460 ww.). mis Semoqmedebas mTel sa-
berZneTSi aRiareben, igi iTvleba pirvel poetad (misi ufrosi TanamoRvawe si-
monides keoseli 468 wels gardaicvala, xolo umcrosi _ bakqilidesi erTob
TvalnaTliv CamorCeboda mas Tavisi xelovnebiT). pindarosis Cvenamde moRweuli
Semoqmedebis TiTqmis naxevari am periodiT TariRdeba. mas ukveTen odebs korin-
Tos, rodosis, argosis, kirenesa Tu eginas mkvidrni. miuxedavad am aRiarebisa,
pindarosisa da mis TayvanismcemelTa Soris mainc iCenda xolme Tavs garkveuli
gaugebroba. sagulisxmoa erTi faqti: 474 wels aTenma pindaross SeukveTa diTi-
rambosi, romelic ise brwyinvaled SeTxza poetma, rom Tanamemamule Tebelebma
mas cilad daswames samSoblos Ralati da daajarimes didZali TanxiT. es Tanxa
gadaixedes diTirambosiT moxiblulma aTenelebma. CvenTvis cnobilia sxva
SemTxvevac: delfos SekveTiT pindarosma SeTxza peani 6, sadac ganadidebda ra
apolons, augad moixseniebda mis miTologiur mters, eginel gmirs, eakid neop-
tolemoss. amis gamo Tavi Seuracxyofilad igrZnes eginelebma. pindarosi iZule-
buli gaxda SeeTxza axali oda specialurad eginelebisaTvis (nem. VII), sadac axle-
burad gadaamuSava miTi neoptolemosis Sesaxeb.
pindarosis bolo periodis odebSi SeigrZnoba erTgvari mowodeba Tanxmobisa
da simSvidisaken. aTensa da eginas Soris warmoSobil did ganxeTqilebebs (Zv.w.
458-457 ww.) mohyva eginas, xolo Semdeg Tebes Zalauflebis daqveiTeba. yovelive
es poets mZimed unda ganecada. am periodis odebSi pindarosTan sul ufro
xSirad iCens Tavs pesimisturi ganwyobileba. ase magaliTad, cnobil VIII piTiur
odas poeti ase asrulebs:
`Jamierebi: arsebobs vinme? Tu ar arsebobs?
aCrdilT zmaneba _ adamiani.
odes RmerTisgan naTlieri sxivi gadmova,
mxolod maSin eZleva mokvdavs
dRe naTeli da Jami tkbili...~
pindarosi gardaicvala daaxloebiT 438 wels. erT-erTi biografia (`svidas
leqsikoni~) ase aRwers misi gardacvalebis suraTs: ` gamoikiTxa ra RmerTebisagan, Tu
ra unda yofiliyo misTvis saukeTeso, gardaicvala TeatrSi... Tavisi sayvareli Teo-
qsenosis muxlebze damxobili~.
pindarosis saxeli gardacvalebis Semdeg legendebiT Seimosa. ra Tqma unda,
mas hyavda Rirseuli damfaseblebi. maT Soris didi aleqsandre. poetis cxovre-
bis aRwerilobidan cnobilia aseTi faqti: rodesac aleqsandre makedonelma Zv.w.
335 wels Tebe daarbia, brZaneba gasca, xeli ar exloT pindarosis saxlisTvis.
pavsaniasi (IX, 23) gviambobs, Tu rogor uxilavT berZnebs tyeSi pani, romelic pin-
darosis simRerebs mReroda. iqve mogviTxrobs pavsaniasi imis Sesaxebac, Tu
rogor SeukveTa pindaross Sesandobari simRera Tavad persefonem. am legendebis
gverdiT mogvepoveba aTeneosis gadmocemac (1, 3 a da XIV, 638 a ) imis Taobaze, Tu
rogor Tvlida aTenis sazogadoeba pindarosis simRerebs ukve Jamgardasulad.
da es savsebiT bunebrivia: ramdenadac didi iyo pindarosis saxeli poetis
Tanamedrove samyaroSi, miT ufro rTuldeboda misi poeziis didebulebis
SegrZneba Semdgomi drois mkiTxvelebisaTvis. im mizezTagan, romelnic am movle-
nas naTels mohfenen, gamovyofdiT sam umTavress, romelTa codnac gzas gag-
vixsnida am WeSmaritad amaRlebuli poeziis gasagebad: 1. pindarosis cxovrebis
aRwerilobidan cnobilia, rom misi poeturi Semoqmedeba metad mravalferovani
94 pindarosi

yofila. pindarosis qmnilebaTa ricxvi oTxi aTass aRwevda. es iyo himnebi, peanebi,
diTirambebi, prosodionebi, epinikiebi da sxva, romlebic 17 wignad gamouciaT
aleqsandriel swavlulebs.1 Cvenamde SedarebiT srulyofilad epinikiaTa oTxma
wignma moaRwia. epinikiebi anu `gamarjvebulTa sadideblebi~ eZRvneboda olim-
piur, piTiur, nemeur da isTmosur sportul sarbielebze gamarjvebulebs. da ai,
Tanamedrove mkiTxvelis bunebriv gaocebas iwvevs pirvelive Sexvedra Zveli ber-
Zeni poetis poeziis JanrTan: gulwrfelia ki Semoqmedi, romlisTvisac viRac
meetlis an mokrivis SemTxveviTi gamarjveba sportul sarbielze iqceva dide-
buli poeziis STagonebad?
am SemTxvevaSi unda gaviTvaliswinoT Zvel berZnul sportul asparezobaTa
arsi: asparezobas unda gamoevlina gamarjvebuli, is, viszec gadmodioda RvTae-
brivi madli, is, vinc RmerTebis rCeuli iyo. sportuli ostatoba gamarjvebulis
pirad Rirsebad miiCneoda, xolo RvTaebrivi madli mTel mis gvarsa da TanamoqalaqeT
efineboda. fantastiuri Tayvaniscema, romliTac ganmsWvalulni iyvnen saberZneTSi
sportul sarbielze gamarjvebulTa mimarT, aixsneba swored imiT, rom gamarjvebulSi
scnobdnen ara mxolod didebul ostats, aramed RmerTebis rCeuls. asparezobas unda
gamoevlina is, Tu romeli gvarisa Tu qalaqis mimarT gamoiCendnen mowyalebas RmerTebi,
romelTa keTilmodrekilebac iqneboda samaradiso. swored amitom pindarosis dros
berZnebi asparezobebze eSurebodnen imave grZnobiT, ra grZnobiTac miemarTebodnen
isini apolonis wminda qurumTan. gamarjvebuli aRiqmeboda mTeli gvarisa da qalaqis
didebad. igi sazeimo svliT brundeboda samSobloSi TanamoqalaqeTa TayvaniscemiTa da
sadidebeli simRerebiT naTelmosili.
2. gamarjvebulis sadidebeli es iyo misi gvarisa da samSoblos xotba. ganadidebda
ra gmirs, pindarosi Tavis odebSi uxvad sargeblobda mis modgmasa Tu qalaqTan da-
kavSirebuli istoriuli Tu legendaruli TematikiT, miTosiT, rac kargad iyo cno-
bili poetis TanamedroveTaTvis da ris codnac dRes specialuri ganaTlebis gareSe
SeuZlebelia. swored es aris meore mizezi imisa, rom Tanamedrove mkiTxveli ver
aRiqvams srulyofilad pindarosis poezias.
miTis gadmocema pindarosTan, eposisagan gansxvavebiT, ganpirobebulia miTis axali
funqciiT: Tu eposisaTvis miTis Txroba iyo mTavari da miTi masSi gadmoicemoda Tan-
mimdevrulad, ise, rom msmenels srulyofili STabeWdileba Sehqmnoda ambavTa mTel
jaWvze, lirikisaTvis miTi mniSvnelovani iyo mxolod konkretul movlenasTan da-
kavSirebiT. lirikos poets ainteresebda miTis ara yvela detali, aramed mxolod is,
romelic ama Tu im movlenis asociacias iwvevda. amitom aris pindarosis poezia dat-
virTuli mravalricxovani miTologiuri pasaJebiT, romlebic erTmaneTs enacvlebian

1
pindarosi moRvaweobda im periodSi, rodesac TxzulebaTa wignad gamocemis xelovneba jer
kidev ar iyo gavrcelebuli. misi odebi xangrZlivi drois ganmavlobaSi inaxeboda msmenelTa
mexsierebaSi. werilobiTi teqstebi TiTo-TiTo egzemplaris saxiT moipoveboda taZrebSi,
saqalaqo arqivebsa Tu SemkveTTa ojaxebSi. savaraudoa, rom poetis qmnilebaTa Sekreba
daiwyo mxolod Zv.w. IV saukunidan, maSin rodesac ganviTarebas iwyebs mwignobruli xe-
lovneba. aristoteles mowafe qameleons (daaxl. Zv.w. 300w.) pindarosisaTvis miuZRvnia mTeli
Tavi Cvenamde mouRwevel TxzulebaSi Zveli poetebis Sesaxeb. am masalis safuZvelze Zv.w. III
saukuneSi aleqsandriel swavlulebs SeudgeniaT pindarosis TxzulebaTa sruli krebuli 17
wignad, dayofili Janrebis mixedviT. am gamocemidan unda momdinareobdes pindarosis odaTa
xelnawerebis orive cali _ `parizuli~ da `vatikanuri~, romelTa safuZvelzec XIX-XX saukuneebSi
SesaZlebeli gaxda pindarosis teqstis aRdgena. aleqsandriel swavlulebsave, aristofane bizantio-
nelisa da aristarqosis meTaurobiT, miewerebaT pindarosis teqstis komentarebic (Cvenamde maT ar
mouRweviaT). Zv.w. I saukuneSi am komentarebis safuZvelze cnobil gramatikoss, didimoss Seudgenia
vrceli kompilacia, romelic gamouyenebiaT gviani drois komentatorebs _ sqoliastebs. swored am
ukanasknelTa mier Sedgenili sqolionebi pindarosis teqstisa SemorCa Cvenamde. ramdenadac
sqolionebi SedarebiT gviani periodisaa, Secdomebisgan dazRveuli ar unda iyos. bevri cnoba eWvsac
iwvevs. magram maT mainc ar daukargavT Tavisi mniSvneloba. am sqolionebs xSirad mimarTaven
pindarosis teqstis Tanamedrove komentatorebic.
pindarosi 95

garkveuli asociaciuri TanamimdevrobiT. lirikuli struqtura msmenelis Tanamonawi-

leobas gulisxmobda. Tu epikosi poeti varaudobda, rom msmenelisaTvis ucnobi iyo esa
Tu is miTologiuri ambavi da amis gamo saWirod cnobda ambavTa mTeli Tanamimdev-
robiT gadmocemas, lirikosi poeti iTvaliswinebda, rom misi msmenelisaTvis es
ganvlili etapi iyo, rom sakmarisi iyo mxolod miniSneba da msmenelis cnobierebaSi
aRsdgeboda miTologiuri asociaciebis mTeli wyeba. ase rom, pindarosis poezia
naTelia mxolod im mkiTxvelisTvis, romelic ziarebulia Zvel berZnul
samyaros. TviT profesionali filologisTvisac ki Znelia pindarosis poeziis
srulyofili aRqma, rameTu ocdaxuTi saukuniT scildeba im samyaros, rodesac
moRvaweobda Tavisi drois es udidesi Semoqmedi.
3. ar unda daviviwyoT isic, rom pindarosi iyo ara marto poeti, aramed kompozi-
torica da Semsrulebelic. misi odebi, dawerili rTuli metruli kompoziciiT,
esadagebodnen garkveul musikalur xmovanebas, romelic TavisTavad Rrma emociur
datvirTvas atarebda. poezia, musika da saSemsruleblo xelovneba erTurTs Serwy-
muli, Zveli samyaros msmenelTa amaRlebasa da ganwmendas iwvevda. Cvenamde Semor-
Cenili mxolod poezia da isic rTulad gasagebi, Tanamedrove mkiTxvelSi, buneb-
rivia, am grZnobebs ver aRZravs, Tumca mis mxatvrul azrovnebaSi Rrma kvals tovebs.
pindarosi ukve dakanonebul qorikul samyaroSi gamoCnda mogvianebiT, rogorc
ucxo, rogorc aratradiciuli. igi movida beotiidan. es iyo mdidari mxare, magram Zv.w.
VII-VI saukuneebis kulturul cxovrebas ganridebuli. aq iyo lirikuli skola, magram
Zalian Caketili da arqauli. misi poetebi sargeblobdnen adgilobrivi dialeqtiT da
mimarTavdnen adgilobriv miTebs. sainteresoa, rom maT Soris iyvnen qalebic _ cnobi-
lia tanagreli korina, romelic kinaRam moxvda didi poetebis aleqsandriul kanonSi.
magram pindarosi ar yofila mSobliuri poeturi skolis tradiciebis gamgrZelebeli.
gadmocemis Tanaxmad, erT-erT poetur Sejibrze beotielebs korinasTvis miuniWebiaT
upiratesoba da ara pindarosisaTvis. mas tradiciuli kanonebis ugulebelyofas say-
vedurobdnen.
musikaluri ganaTleba pindarosma miiRo aTenSi, yvelaze mowinave mxatvrul tenden-
ciaTa axal centrSi, sadac jer kidev axsovdaT lasosisa da simonidesis saxelebi. ma-
gram pindarosi arc maT kvals gahyolia. legenda mas simonidesisa da bakqilidesis me-
toqedac warmoadgens. sagundo lirikis arsenalSi igi movida mza niadagze da Tavs
grZnobda mis ara kanonier memkvidred, aramed mimRebad, romelsac yvelaferi unda gar-
daeqmna da gardaesaxa. swored aqedan gamomdinareobda is mudmivi daZabuloba, is mud-
mivi mRelvareba, rac SeigrZnoba mis simRerebSi.
pindarosi moRvaweobda maSin, rodesac aristokratul wyobas, romlis ideebsac
qadagebda poeti, safuZveli ecleboda. asparezi eTmoboda axal, demokratiul ideo-
logias, romelsac ukve daeZebneboda sakuTari poetebi. pindaross sjeroda, rom sam-
yaro iyo harmoniuli da ucvleli, rom masSi yvelaferi RmerTebis nebas emorCileboda,
rom mxolod RmerTebi gansazRvravdnen adamianTa beds:
`ar daiviwyo,
rom RmerTi aris Semoqmedi yovelierTa~.
(piT. V, 12-13)
`RmerTebma Seqmnes miwieri yvela siqvele,
brZenic, Zlieric, enamWevric maTganve iSva~.
(piT. I, 41-42)
Rrma filosofiurobiTa da araCveulebrivi ubraloebiT gamoxata pindarosma
Tavisi azri adamianis bedTan dakavSirebiT:
`arsebobs modgma adamianTa,
arsebobs modgma RvTaebaTa,
Tumca orTaves erTma dedam STabera sunTqva,
96 pindarosi

erTmaneTisgan ganasxvava sxvadasxva ZaliT.

ubadrukia adamiani,
rvalis zeca ki
uxrwnel savaned gvegvlineba ukunisamde.
ukvdavTa modgmas vemsgavsebiT mainc raRaciT:
amaRlebuli azriTa Tu Cveni bunebiT.
magram wyvdiadSi CaZirula bediT xvdomili
dRisiT Tu RamiT gasavleli gza,
rac dagvrCenia samanebamde.~
(nem. VI, 1-8)

axali droebis Semoqmedni ki (heraklitesi, esqile) ukve xedavdnen samyaroSi

gamefebul winaaRmdegobebs, romlis Sedegic iyo am samyaros uwyveti ganvi-
Tareba. maTTvis movlenaTa cvla ganisazRvreboda ara RTaebrivi nebiT, aramed
samyaros maradiuli kanoniT.
axali drois adamianebisaTvis WeSmaritebis gansaxierebad warmodgeboda
filosofosi, romelic Tavisi gonebiT swvdeboda movlenaTa miRma arsebul ka-
nonebs da ganacxadebda maT adamianTaTvis. aseT pirobebSi poeti-brZeni Tan-
daTanobiT kargavda Tavis funqciebs; mas aRar Seswevda unari axali ideebis qad-
agebisa, igi mxolod am ideebis mxatvrul formaSi ganmasaxierebeli unda yo-
filiyo. pindarosisaTvis es miuRebeli iyo. igi ibrZoda tradiciuli, aristok-
ratiuli ideebis ganmtkicebisaTvis, magram es brZola amao iyo. pindarosis
msoflaRqmis centraluri fenomenic ki ajrethv (siqvele) _ romelic saukuneebis
ganmavlobaSi mTeli berZnuli filosofiis erT-erT ZiriTad mcnebas war-
moadgenda, axali ideologiisaTvis ukve miuRebeli iyo.
ra iyo am fenomenis arsi pindarosiseuli interpretaciiT? !Arethv _ am terminis
zusti qarTuli Sesatyvisobis monaxva erTob garTulda. tradiciulad Cven mas
vTargmniT terminiT `siqvele~ da unda gavigoT igi, rogorc sxvadasxva zneobriv Tvise-
baTa (`SemarTeba~, `Zalmosileba~, `didebuleba~, `maRal saqmeTa aRmsrulebloba~,
`maRali xelovneba~, `zneobrivi srulyofileba~) erTianoba. pindarosisaTvis adamiani
ver iqneba `qveli~, Tu mas ar aRusrulebia `diadi saqme~:
`ganemravleba didad siqvele,
viT xe, saTuTi ylortebis rxeviT
miemarTeba namian zecad
samarTlian da brZen kacTa Soris~.
(nem. VIII, 40-42)
xolo Sedegi `diadi saqmis aRsrulebisa~ unda iyos `warmateba~:
`warmatebaTa miRwevaa pirveli jildo,
meore ZRveni _ gandidebaa,
xolo Tu kacma daimsaxura
warmatebac da gandidebac
udiadesi diademiT Seimoseba~.
(piT. I, 98-100)
mxolod `warmateba~ aris RmerTebis keTilmodrekilebis mauwyebeli. magram
imisaTvis, rom warmatebas miaRwio, unda iyo saxelovani modgmiT (gevno"), rameTu
Sens gvarze unda gadmodiodes RmerTebis madli, unda gagaCndes saTanado xarje-
bis gaRebis saSualeba (davpana), simdidre, romelic aseve RmerTebis wyalobis
Sedegia, SegeZlos Sroma (povno"), da, rac mTavaria, es unda iyos RvTaebis neba
(daimwvn):
pindarosi 97

`arian gzebi,
ufro Sori gzebic arian!
erTgvari swrafva ver eqnebaT adamianebs!
Znelia maRal xelovnebas miuaxlovde,
magram Sen, keTilmZleobis mauwyebelo,
nu Sedrkebi,
raTa xmamaRla SesZaxo:
es kaci iSva RmerTebis nebiT...~
(ol. IX, 100-104)
pindarosis yoveli epinikia emsaxureboda axali movlenis (sportul aspa-
rezobaze miRweuli gamarjvebis) CarTvas ukve gardasul movlenaTa sistemaSi.
gardasuli movlenebi ki miTosiT iyo Semosili. bunebrivia, poeti cdilobda ux-
vad esargebla miTologiuri pasaJebiT ama Tu im movlenis samyaros saerTo wes-
rigSi mosaTavseblad ise, rom ar darRveuliyo am samyaros harmoniuloba.
dRes, mecnierebaSi, sakmaod bevri iwereba imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra funqcias as-
rulebs miTi pindarosis SemoqmedebaSi. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom mkvlevarTa Soris
ar aris Tanxmoba yvelaze ufro principul sakiTxebSic ki. pindarosis Semoqmede-
baSi miTis funqciisa da interpretaciis sakiTxebze msjelobisas unda gaviTva-
liswinoT ori garemoeba:
1. pindarosis droisTvis miTebi da TqmulebaTa sxvadasxva ciklebi ukve savse-
biT Camoyalibebuli unda yofiliyo Tavisi simbolikiT Tu saxeebiT. Sesabamisad,
Tuki pindarosis epoqaSi mwerali mimarTavda miToss ara mxolod informaciuli
interesiT, igi iZulebuli iqneboda miTTan, mis simbolikasTan garkveuli mimar-
Teba daemyarebina, moexdina miTis Taviseburi interpretacia.
2. pindarosi miToss mimarTavs, rogorc wesi, garkveuli asociaciiT (iqneba es
metaforuli Tu metonimuri). imis mixedviT, Tu ramdenad Rrmaa es asociacia,
miTs SeiZleba hqondes sruliad sxvadasxva datvirTva dawyebuli wminda orna-
mentulidan, damTavrebuli rTuli sistemiT, romelSic sruliad sxvadasxva kom-
ponentTa (formalurisa Tu ideuris) gaerTianebas vxvdebiT.
miTis pindarosiseuli interpretaciis ZiriTadi principebi gansakuTrebiT
iCens Tavs im SemTxvevaSi, sadac SedarebiT vrclad aris gadmocemuli ama Tu im
miTis siuJeti. poets SeuZlia Secvalos tradiciuli sqema siuJetisa, an datovos
igi ucvlelad. bunebrivia, arCevans am SemTxvevaSi ara aqvs nebismieri xasiaTi: a)
iq, sadac pindarosis azriT, tradiciuli sqema upirispirdeba mis ZiriTad kon-
cefcias RmerTebis uzenaesobisa da ubiwoebis Taobaze, miTologiurma siuJetma
SeiZleba ganicados cvlileba. am SemTxvevaSi poeti winaswar gvauwyebs, rom
cvlis miTologiur siuJets, axdens am cvlilebaTa motivacias, saTanado argu-
mentirebas. b) iq, sadac tradiciuli miTologiuri siuJeti ar upirispirdeba
pindarosis msoflaRqmas da aqedan gamomdinare mis warmodgenas RmerTebze, ma-
gram mas garkveuli TvalsazrisiT esaWiroeba tradiciul siuJetSi erTgvari
cvlilebebis Setana, misi modifikacia, aRar xdeba winaswari gancxadeba da, Sesa-
bamisad, cvlilebaTa saTanado argumentacia.
yovelive amis Semdeg, bunebrivia, ismis kiTxva, romelic araerTgzis wamoW-
rila pindarosis kvlevisas _ ra aris mainc e.w. `mTavari elementi~ (`tragende Ele-
ment~ `datvirTvis mqone elementi~) pindarosis odebSi _ miTosi Tu xotba. Cveni
azriT, Tuki sakiTxs SevxedavT calkeuli odis TvalsazrisiT, `mTavari ele-
menti~ unda iyos `xotba~, radganac yoveli oda dawerilia gamarjvebulis gan-
sadideblad. amdenad, pindaross ar SeiZleba hqondes oda, sadac ar iqneba xotba,
magram aqvs odebi, sadac ar aris warmodgenili miTi. magram sakmarisia, gaviaz-
roT pindarosis odebi zogadad misi Semoqmedebis poziciidan, rom `mTavari
elementi~ aq aRmoCndeba miTosi, romelSic yvelaze metad vlindeba poetis mxatvruli
98 pindarosi

fantazia, misi unari tradiciuli motivebis SemoqmedebiTad aTvisebisa da, rac mTa-
varia, msoflmxedveloba. ramdenadac miTi pindarosis odebis umTavresi Se-
madgeneli elementia, amitom mas ukavia odis mTavari, Sua nawili. aseT
SemTxvevebSi oda agebulia samnawiliani, simetriuli kompoziciiT: I. eqspozicia,
II. miTosuri nawili, III. RvTaebisadmi mimarTva. eqspozicia moicavda TamaSebis, ga-
marjvebulis, misi modgmisa Tu qalaqis xotbas; Tu gamarjvebuli iyo Wabuki, po-
eti xotbas asxamda mis mwvrTnelebsac. odis miTiur nawilSi warmodgenili iyo
gamarjvebulis modgmasa Tu qalaqTan dakavSirebuli romelime miTi (an miTis is
nawili, romelic poets gansakuTrebulad esaWireoboda adresatis gansadideblad). es
miTologiuri nawili poeturi xatebiT ganacxadebda msmenelTaTvis, rom ama Tu im
gmiris gamarjveba ar aris SemTxveviTi monapovari, rom es aris gamarjvebulis modgmisa
Tu qalaqis mimarT RvTaebaTa odindeli keTilganwyobis kidev erTi gamovlineba. odis
bolo nawilSi poeti mouwodebda RmerTebs, rom maTi madli ar mokleboda gamarjve-
bulis gvarsa Tu qalaqs. odis dasawyissa da bolo nawilebSi poets xSirad Sehqonda
sxvadasxva, misi asociaciebis Sesabamisi motivebi. aseve, odis miTologiuri nawilic
xSirad ivseboda maRalpoeturi sentenciebiT, rac esoden ubadlod xelewifeboda pin-
daross. imisda Sesabamisad, Tu rogori iyo SemkveTis survili, an poetis ganwyobileba,
odis calkeuli nawilebi farTovdeboda an mcirdeboda, magram ucvleli rCeboda misi
samnawiliani kompozicia (unda aRiniSnos, rom gamonaklisebi aqac gvxvdeba, magram maT
ara aqvT sistemuri xasiaTi. Sdr. ol. XIV).
pindarosis qmnilebebSi nakadiviT miedineba misive cnobierebaSi aRbeWdili asocia-
ciebi, saxeebi, romlebic ganumeorebeli metaforebis saxes iReben. poeti gvTavazobs
Tavis poetur xilvebs, xolo es xilvebi mZafria da STambeWdavi, xan bundovani. magram
Tu Tavs Zalas davatanT da gaviazrebT, gagvaocebs maTi siRrme da mniSvneloba.
rodesac pindarosi sakuTar poetur SesaZleblobebze saubrobs, cdilobs metafo-
rulad gagvagebinos Tavisi saTqmeli:
`azri, viT xmier saWreTelze
madgas enaze,
azri, romelic Cemis nebiT
moipareba didebulad mdinari sunTqviT~.
(ol. VI, 82-83)
pindarosis azriT, `arseboba~ es aris `uaRresoba~, `gamorCeuloba~. rac ufro
sariskoa, didia, mniSvnelovania saqme, miT ufro aRmatebulia gamarjvebuli, ro-
melic aucileblad unda ganadidos poetma. Tu ama Tu im movlenam, ama Tu im
gmirma ver naxa Tavisi poeti, igi dakargulia, anu wyvets arsebobas:
`Tvlemen warsuli didebani,
ganridebia mokvdavTa xsovnas yovelieri,
rasac odiTgan ar Sexebia
gonierebis umaRlesi srulyofileba
sityvis diadi mdinarebiT madlmofenili~.
(isTm. VII, 16-19)
Tuki movlenam an gmirma ipova poeti, mcdarad Semfasebeli an ganmadidebeli,
maSin irRveva samyaros faseulobaTa mTeli sistema. pindarosis azriT, homerosi,
gadaaWarba ra odisevsis Sefasebisas, iqca `amaRlebuli xelovnebiT naTqvami si-
cruis~ ganmadideblad (nem. VIII, 25-35; Sdr. VII, 20-25). amitom poetis misia friad
mniSvnelovania: igia msoflio wesrigis gamaazrebeli da damamkvidrebeli, Sesa-
bamisad brZeni _ `sofov"~. Cveulebriv, WeSmariteba vlindeba droSi, amitom pin-
darosi ambobs: `...warmavali dReebi arian yovlad brZeni mowmeni~ (ol. I, 32-34); an
`dro _ qronosi erTaderTi ganacxadebs WeSmaritebas~ (ol. X, 54). magram poeti
xels uwyobs am gancxadebas. igi winaswarmetyvels hgavs, oRond warsulis.
pindarosi 99

rogorc winaswarmetyveli ganacxadebs momavals, aseve poetic xsnis warsuls.

rogorc misans STaagoneben RmerTebi, aseve poetsac STaagoneben muzebi da
qaritebi. ase rom, poeti RmerTTa rCeulia da ara naklebi, vidre Tavad moas-
pareze. igic iseve emzadeba gamarjvebisTvis, rogorc aTleti, an meetle, an
moisari... (Sdr. nem. V, ol. I, XI da sxva). amitom pindarosi ase xSirad saubrobs
odebSi sakuTar Tavze, sadac sadidebels uZRvnis liras, rogorc samyaros wes-
rigis simbolos, romlis xmierebasac moaqvs simSvide da netareba misTvis, vinc
eziara samyaroseul harmonias. es xmiereba gonebas urevs mas, vinc ver SeeTvisa am
harmonias.
pindarosisaTvis yoveli movlena, yoveli gamarjvebis wami dakavSirebuli iyo
warsulTanac da momavalTanac. mxolod poezias SeeZlo imxanad misi dafiqsireba.
Semoqmedi aniWebda mas gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas da srulyofilebas:
`Semoqmedi qmnis yovel qmnilebas;
viT gaCnda xibli dionisuri
xarTamdevari diTirambebiT?
an vin mozoma raSis lagami?
vin aRamaRla RmerTis taZarze
frTosanTa mefe, orTaviani?
aq isxams yvavils
muza, romelic amosunTqviT siames afrqvevs...~
(ol. XIII, 16-22)
imisaTvis, rom gansadidebeli movlena damkvidrdes, saWiroa igi gaxdes Ses-
agrZnobi, saxilveli, aRsaqmeli. amis SesaZleblobebs iZleva WeSmariti poezia:
`verc zamTris warRvna
moquxari Rrublebidan gadmodenili
mZvinvare laSqrad,
verc qariSxali,
qviSis borcvebs rom miagorebs,
zRvaTa siRrmeSi ver CaZiravs
am sagalobels~.
(piT. VI, 10-14)
pindarosi cdilobs esa Tu is movlena ise warmoaCinos, rom Rrmad aRbeWdos
mexsierebaSi. es ki SesaZlebeli xdeba metaforebiT, epiTetebiT, poeturi xatebiT.
da am SemTxvevaSi mkiTxveli misdevs poetis cnobierebis nakads, romelic,
horaciusis sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, `aboboqrebuli moedineba~ da azrovnebis
samanTa gadalaxvas lamobs:
`axalgazrdobis yvavilebiT mosili xana
mZlavrad mosagre laSqarSi amoisunTqe,
sadac rCeulni emedgrebodnen
SebmaTa Zalebs imedebis samanebamde~.
(isTm. VII, 34-36)
`raTa vadido
eakidebis bedniereba,
maTi mklavebis Zalmosileba,
an rkinisebri Serkinebani, _
gadaifinos Cems win veli
uZlieresi naxtomisaTvis,
Cems muxlebSia msubuqi qrola,
arwivi zRvaTa miRma navardobs!~
(nem. V, 17-20)
100 pindarosi

amgvari striqonebi uxvad daiZebneba pindarosis qmnilebebSi. isini xiblaven

mkiTxvels poetur warmosaxvaTa siZlieriT, azrovnebis siRrmiT, metaforulo-
biT. maTi kiTxvisas Cvens win iSleba asociaciurad moazrovne poetis saocari da
uaRresad saintereso samyaro.
ra Tqma unda, pindarosi flobda poetur zmanebaTa warmoCenis sakuTar
xerxebs, magram mis azrTa da metaforul asociaciaTa wiaRsvlebi moulodneli
da Seucnobeli iyo misive Tayvanismcemel msmenelTa Tu mkiTxvelTaTvis. es Seuc-
nobloba abnevda TviT antikuri xanis mkiTxvelsac, romelic miCveuli iyo mowes-
rigebul poetur normebs. amitomac cdilobda igi gaemarTlebina pindarosi, dae-
naxa masSi `zegardmo niWiT dajildoebuli poeti~ da ara `mecnieri poeti~. aseT
SemoqmedTaTvis xom kanonebi ar arsebobdnen. am TvalsazrisiT sainteresoa Zv.w. I
saukunis avtoris e.w. fsevdo-longinosis traqtatis `amaRlebulisaTvis~ erTi
adgili: `... nuTu lirikul poeziaSi Sen arCev iyo bakqilidesi da ara pindare,
xolo tragediaSi amjobineb ion qioseli gerqvas da ara sofokle? rasak-
virvelia, bakqilidesi da ioni arasodes arRveven poeturi xelovnebis dadgenil
wesebs, yovelTvis didi sifrTxiliT da pedanturi sizustiT weren, maSin rode-
sac pindarem da sofoklem, TavianTi boboqari vnebiTa da Sleguri gznebiT,
SeiZleba erTbaSad gadaswvan, erTbaSad gadabugon yvelaferi, Tumca aseve
SeiZleba moulodnelad Caqrnen da Caiferflon~ (XXXIII. Targmani b. bregvaZisa).
antikur xanaSive daimkvidra pindarosma `maRali stilis~ poetis saxeli, rom-
lisTvisac mTavari iyo Rirseba, uaRresoba, Zalmosileba. ai, rogor afasebda an-
tikurobis erT-erTi udidesi Semoqmedi horaciusi pindarosis poeturi sityvis
Zalas:
`viT boboqari nakaduli, mTidan daZruli,
azvirTebuli moiRvreba napirTa ngreviT,
ise moRelavs pindarosis Zlieri sityva
Rrma saTavidan.~
(IV, 2)
Tu romaeli horaciusisaTvis pindarosi axlobeli da gasagebi iyo, Taname-
drove mkiTxvelisaTvis arasodes qceula igi iseT cocxal Tanamosaubred,
rogorc homerosi an evripide. mas baZavdnen barokos paTetikuri lirikis Semo-
qmednic, romantizmis wina periodis poetebic, magram es mibaZva mxolod gareg-
nuli formebiT gamoixateboda. pindarosis poeziis Sinagani Zalis paTosi kvlav
gamocanad rCeboda. XIX saukuneSi antikurobis am udidesma Semoqmedma klasikuri
filologiis specialistTa viwro wreSi gadainacvla. maSinac ki, rodesac ev-
ropam axlad SeigrZno arqaikis mSveniereba, pindarosma mainc ver moipova sayov-
elTao aRiareba.

lirika: epinikiebi, fragmentebi.