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f^ (t )=e−t L-1
{φ 1 (s) }
{ ( 2
2
s +2 ⏟
⏟
. 2 2
s +2
φ1 ( s)
)(
φ (s )
2
) } f (t )=g(t )= L-1
f (t )=g(t )=cos 2t
−t
t e t
f^ (t )=e−t ∫0 cos2 ( t−λ )⋅cos 2 λ⋅dλ=
2 [∫ cos2 ( t−2 λ )+cos2 t ] dλ
0
e sen2 ( t−2 λ ) t
−t
=
2 −4
−t
[ |0 +λ⋅cos2t|t0 ]
^f (t )= e sen 2t +t cost
2 [
2 ]
1 4 1
( s−3 ) ( s−3 ) 9 3 9
φ( s )= 3 = 2
= + 2
−
c. s −3 s−2 ( s +1 ) ( s−2 ) ( s +1 ) ( s +1 ) ( s−2 )
1 4 1
f (t )= e−t + te−t − e 2t
9 3 9
2. a. Ecuaciones diferenciales
Mx ''=F−kx+k ( y−x ) +c ( y '−x ' )
My ''=−ky−k ( y−x )−c ( y '−x ' )
.
b. Transformando en Laplace:
2
[ Ms +cs+2k ] X−[ cs+k ] Y =φ (s )
−[ cs+k ] X + [ Ms 2 +cs+2 k ] Y =0
Se halla φ( s)= L { f (t )}
= L {t [ u(t )−u(t−1) ] +u(t−1 ) } = L
1
= 2 ( 1−e−s )
{ t⋅u(t )−(t−1)⋅u(t−1 )} s
Usando el método algebraico para resolver el sistema:
2
Δ=[ Ms2 +cs +2 k ] −( cs+ k )2
φ (s ) −( cs +k ) 1−e−s
ΔX =|
0 [ Ms2 +cs+2 k ]
|= [ Ms 2
+cs+2 k ]
s2 ( )
[ Ms 2 +cs +2 k ] 1−e−s
X= 2
[ Ms 2 +cs +2 k ] −( cs +k )2 ( s2 )
2 1−e−s
ΔY =|[ Ms +cs+2 k ] φ (s)|=[ cs+k ]
−( cs+k ) 0 s2 ( )
[ cs+ k ] 1−e−s
Y= 2
[ Ms 2 +cs +2 k ] −( cs+ k )2 s
2 ( )
c. Valor estacionario x(t )
Aplicando teorema del valor final
[ Ms2 +cs +2 k ] 1−e−s
lim x(t )=lim s . X =lim
t →∞ s→ 0
2
s→ 0 [ Ms 2 + cs+2 k ] − ( cs +k )2 s ( )
, dado que el
numerador y denominador serían nulos, se aplica L’Hopital.
[ Ms2 + cs+ 2 k ]⋅e−s + ( 1−e−s ) ( 2 Ms+c )
lim x( t )=lim 2
s→ 0 ( [
Ms +cs +2 k ] −( cs+ k ) ) + s [ 2 ( Ms + cs+ 2k ) (2 Ms +c )−2 ( cs +k ) ]
t →∞ 2 2 2
2
lim x(t )=
t →∞ 3k
3. a. T =5 , no hay simetría
b. T =4 , simetría ¼ de onda par
4
π
a2 n−1 =2∫0 ( 2−t )⋅cos ( 2n−1 ) t⋅dt=2 ( 2−t )
2
π 4
[
sen ( 2 n−1 ) t cos ( 2 n−1 ) t
( 2 n−1 )
π
2
2 1
|0 −
( 2 n−1 ) 2 π
4
2 1
2
|0
]
a2 n−1 =
( 2n−1 ) π [
sen (2 n−1 ) +
]
2 ( 2 n−1 )2 π 2
4 4
{
− + n: par
( 2n−1 ) π (2 n−1 )2 π 2
a2 n−1 =
4 4
+ n : impar
( 2 n−1 ) π ( 2 n−1 )2 π 2
4 4
a2 n−1 =(−1 )n+1 +
(2 n−1 ) π ( 2 n−1 )2 π 2
∞
4 4 π
f (t )=∑
n=1 [ (−1 )n+1 +
( 2n−1 ) π (2 n−1 ) π2 2 ]
cos ( 2 n−1 ) t
2
CURSO: Análisis Matemático III
Solución Práctica calificada Nº 4 Jueves, 24 de mayo de 2007
b. La corriente
i1 estacionaria, aplicando transformada de Laplace.
Considere i 1 (0 )=1 , i 2 (0 )=0 .
Transformando en Laplace:
2 1
E( s )= + 2 ( e−s −1 )
s s
Ecuaciones diferenciales en Laplace:
1 2
E( s )=R1 I 1 + R2 ( I 1 −i 2 ) +
sC (
I 1 = 20+ I 1−10 I 2
s )
0=−R2 I 1 + ( R3 + R2 + sL ) I 2=−10 I 1 + ( 20+ s ) I 2 R1 R3
Para despejar I( s)
2 i2
Δ=|( 20+ )
s
−10
|=
40
s
+20 s+302
E(t) i1
R2
L
−10 ( 20+ s )
E( s) −10 C
| | −s
0 ( 20+s ) ( 20+s ) [ ( 2 s−1 ) +e ]
I( s )= = ⋅
Δ s 20 s2 +302 s+40
lim i1 (t )=lim s⋅I 1 ( s )=0
Valor estacionario de i1 (t ) : t →∞ s→0
c. Halle 1
i (t )
Factorizando y descomponiendo en fracciones simples:
( 20+s ) (2 s−1 ) ( 20+s ) e−s
i1 (t )=L −1
{ +
20 s ( s+14 .966 )( s+0. 1336 ) 20 s ( s+14 . 966 ) ( s+0 .1336 ) }
A1 A2 A3 B B2 B3
i 1 ( t )=L−1 {+ +
s s+14 . 966 s +0 .1336
+e−s 1 + [+
s s +14 . 966 s+0 . 1336 ]}
( 20+s )( 2 s−1 )
A 1 =lim =−1/2
s→ 0 20 ( s+14 . 966 ) ( s+0 .1336 )
( 20+ s ) ( 2 s−1 )
A 2 = lim =−0 . 0351
s→−14 . 966 20 s ( s +0 .1336 )
( 20+s ) ( 2 s−1 )
A 3 = lim =0. 635
s→−0. 1336 20 ( s +14 . 966 ) s
( 20+s )
B 1=lim =1/2
s→0 20 ( s+14 . 966 )( s+0 . 1336 )
( 20+ s )
B 2= lim =0 .0011
s→−14 . 966 20 s ( s+ 0. 1336 )
( 20+ s )
B 3= lim =−0 . 501
s→−0 .1336 20 ( s+14 .966 ) s
1
i 1 ( t )=− −0 . 0351e−14 . 966 t +0 . 635 e−0. 1336t +
2
u( t −1 )⋅[ 0 .5+. 0011 e−14 . 966 ( t −1) −0 . 501 e−0 . 1336(t −1) ]
3. Hallar la transformada inversa de Laplace de las siguientes funciones: (6p)
2 2
−s s −s s
φ( s )=e 3 2
=e
a. s +3 s −4 ( s+2 )2 ( s−1 )
Descomponiendo en fracciones simples:
A1 A2
φ( s )=e−s
[ +
( s+2 ) ( s+ 2 ) 2
+
B
( s−1 ) ]
s2
A 2 = lim =−4 /3
s→−2 ( s−1 )
d s2 s2 −2 s
A 1 = lim ( )
s→−2 ds ( s−1 )
2
= lim
s →−2 ( s−1 )
2
=8/9
s
B=lim 2
=1/9
s→1 ( s+2 )
1 1 1 1 1
L−1 { φ( s) }=− L−1
t
− −
s−1 s+1 s+2 t {
=− ( e−t +e−2 t −e t ) }
[ e−(t −2)+ e−2(t −2)−e( t−2) ]
f (t )=u(t−2)⋅
(t−2)
( s+ 1 ) 1 A B
φ( s )= 3 2
= = +
c. s +3 s + 2 s s( s+2 ) s s+ 2
1 1
A=lim =1/2 B= lim =−1/2
s→0 ( s+2 ) s →−2 s
1
f (t )= ( 1−e−2 t )
2
UNIVERSIDAD DE PIURA
FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA
CURSO: Análisis Matemático III
Solución /práctica calificada Nº 4 ; Jueves, 29 de mayo de 2008
4s 2
φ( s )=L { f (t ) }= +
o ( s 2 + 4 ) ( s +1 )3
2
Luego:
( s 2 +2 ) X 1− X 2 =0
1 −2 s 1 1 s3 + s 2 +1−e−2 s ( 1−s )
−X 1 + ( s 2 +2 ) X 2=s+1+
s2
−e
( )
−
s2 s
=
s2
Despejando la expresión para X1:
s 3 + s2 + 1−e−2 s ( 1−s )
X 1= 2
s 2 ( ( s2 +2 ) −1 )
Para hallar el valor estacionario, se aplica el teorema del valor final:
3 2 −2 s
s + s +1−e ( 1−s )
lim x1 (t )=lim s . 2
=1
t →∞ s→0 s 2 (( s 2 +2 ) −1 )
c. Halle
x 1 (t ) (no resolver)
F(t)
Fig.2
{ }
−1
f (t )=u(t−5). L
( s+2 )2 ( s−2 )2
⏟
φ 1( s)
hacemos la descomposición en
fracciones simples de 1 ( s )
A A2 B B2
φ1 (s )= 1 + + 1 +
s+2 ( s+2 ) s−2 ( s−2 )2
2
Siendo:
1 1 −2 1
A 2 = lim
⏟ ( s−2 )2 =16 A 1 = lim
⏟ ( s−2 )3 =32
s→−2 s→−2
1 1 −2 1
B 2=lim
⏟ = B 1=lim
⏟ =−
( s+2 ) 2 16 ( s+2 ) 3 32
s→2 s→2
Luego:
1 1 1 1
{
f (t )=u(t−5 ). e−2 (t−5 ) ( )
+ [ t−5 ] +e 2 ( t−5 ) − + [ t−5 ]
32 16 32 16 ( )}
s
φ( s )=e−3 s ln
d. ( s 2 −5 s+6 )
Primero aplicamos el segundo teorema de traslación:
s
f (t )=u(t−3). L−1 ln
{
( s−3 )( s−2 )
⏟
φ1 ( s)
}
Trabajamos 1 ( s ) primero aplicando propiedad de logaritmos y luego el
primer teorema especial:
φ1 (s )=ln s−ln ( s−3 )−ln ( s−2 ) , derivando en s:
1 1 1
φ ' 1 (s )= − −
s ( s−3 ) ( s−2 ) , aplicando transformada inversa a esta
función, se tiene:
f 1 (t )=1−e3 t −e 2t , por tanto la solución será:
3 (t−3 ) 2 (t−3 )
f (t )=u(t−3 ).
[e +e −1 ]
( t−3 )
1
φ( s )=
c. s 2 ( s2 + 4 ) , descomponiendo en fracciones
simples:
A 1 A 2 Bs+C
φ( s )= + 2+ 2
s s ( s +4 )
1 1 −2 s
A 2 =l im = A 1 =l im =0
2
s→0 s + 4 4 s→0 (s2+ 4 )2
Para el factor cuadrático irreducible se tiene que hallar G(s) y los términos
reales e imaginarios, sabiendo que a=0, b=2:
1 1 1
G(s )= 2 G(2i )= 2 =−
s , entonces: (2 i ) 4
( s+ 10 )
φ( s )=2
d. ( s+1 ) ( s +4 ) , descomponiendo en fracciones
simples:
A B
φ( s )= +
s +1 ( s +4 )
2 ( s+10 ) 2 ( s+10 )
A= lim =6 B= lim =−4
s→−1 s +4 s →−4 s +1
f (t )=6 e−t −4 e−4 t
UNIVERSIDAD DE PIURA
FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA
CURSO: ANÁLISIS MATEMÁTICO III, PRÁCTICA CALIFICADA Nº 4
Lunes, 24 de mayo de 2010
di di
L + R ( i 1−i 2 ) =E(t) 10 +50 ( i1 −i2 ) =60
dt dt
Q2
−R ( i 1−i 2 )=0 100∫ i2 dt−50 ( i 1−i 2 )=0
C
b. Aplicando Laplace considerando E(t) = 60 V, L = 10H, R = 50 Ω, C =
-2
10 f y las corrientes i1 e i2 iguales a cero en el momento inicial , halle
las corrientes estacionarias (6p)
60
( 10 s +50 ) I 1−50 I 2=
s
−50 I 1 + ( 100s +50) I =0
2
( 5000
s
+500 s+1000 I 1=
s
0
)
6 +3 s
| −50
( 100s +50) | =
6000 3000
s
2
+
s
De donde I 1=
s ( 5+ 0.5 s 2+ s )
60
( 5000
s
+500 s+1000 I 2=
3
( 10 s+ 50 )
) −50 | s =
0
3000
s |
De donde I 2=
( 5+0.5 s 2+ s )
Aplicando el teorema del valor final a las expresiones de I 1 e I 2 se
tiene:
6 lim i2 ( t ) =¿ lim s . I 2=0¿
lim i1 ( t ) =¿ lim s . I 1= ¿
t→∞ s →0 5 t→∞ s →0
3
+
( s +1 )3 ] 3
b. f ( t )=[ 1−( t−1 )2 ] [ u ( t )−u(t−2) ] + ( t−2 ) [u ( t−2 ) −u(t−3) ]+ u(t−3)
2 2
3 3
2 2
[
Ordenando: f ( t )=[ 2 t−t ] u ( t )+ t −2t + ( t−2 ) u (t−2 )− (t−3) ∙u (t −3)
2 2 ]
L¿
f(t)
3/2 (t-1)2
1
1 2 3 t
a=2 ,b =1
3 s+ 1 3 (−2+i ) +1
G ( s )= G (−2+i )= =4 +i
s +1 (−2+i ) +1
3 s+1
C= lim 2 =−1
s →−1 ( s + 4 s+5 )
2
−2 t t t3
f t =e
( ) (
2
−5
6 )
s+ 4 ( s +3 ) +1
d. ∅ ( s )= ( s 2 +6 s +10 )2 = ( ( s+3 )2 +1 )2
s +1
L−1 { ∅ ( s ) }=e−3 t L−1
{⏟
( )}s2 +1
2
∅1 ( s ) +∅ 2( s )
s s 1 1
∅ 1 ( s )= 2 2 = 2 ∙ 2 ∅ 2 ( s )= 2
2
( s +1 ) ⏟
(s + 1) ⏟ ( s +1 ) ( s +1 )
⏟
∅a ( s ) ∅b ( s ) ∅b ( s ) ∙ ∅b ( s)
t t t
1 1 cos ( t−2 δ ) t
−1
L {∅ 1 ( s ) }=∫ cos δ . sen ( t−δ ) dδ= ∫ [ sen ( t−2 δ ) + sent ] dδ =
0 20 2 2
+δsent = sent
0 2 [ ]
t t t
1 1 −sen ( t −2 δ ) 1
−1
L {∅ 2 ( s ) }=∫ senδ . sen ( t−δ ) dδ= ∫ [ cos ( 2 δ−t )−cost ] dδ =
0 20 2 2
−δsent = [ sent
0 2 [ ]
Luego por linealidad:
t 1
[
L−1 { ∅ ( s ) }=e−3 t ∙ sent + ( sent −tcost )
2 2 ]
UNIVERSIDAD DE PIURA
FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA
CURSO: Análisis Matemático III
Práctica calificada #5
Lunes, 28 de mayo de 2012; 3:00 p.m.
Duración: 2h NOMBRE: ………………………………………………
Con formularios impresos, calculadora simple
s 2−4 s−3
A1=lim =−6
s →1 ( s−2 )2
1 ( s +1 )
∅^ ´ ( s )= −2 2
→ L−1 { ^∅ ´ ( s ) }=e−t ( 1−2 cost )
( s +1 ) ( s +1 ) + 1
^ −e−t ( 1−2 cost )
Luego f ( t )=
t
e−(t −1) [ 2 cos ( t−1 ) −1 ]
Por último: f ( t )=e ∙u (t−1) ∙
t−1
3
−s s
φ( s)=e 2
2
c. ( s −9 )
Por segundo teorema de traslación f ( t )=u (t−1) ∙ f^ (t−1)
s3 A A2 B1 B2
{
^f ( t )=L−1
2
( s+3 ) ( s−3 ) 2
= 1 +
} + +
( s+ 3 ) ( s +3 ) ( s−3 ) ( s−3 )2
2
s3 s3−9 s 2
A2= lim 2
=−3/4 A1= lim 3
=1 /2
s →−3 ( s−3 ) s →−3 ( s−3 )
s3 s3 +9 s2
B2=lim 2
=3 /4 B1=lim 3
=1/2
s → 3 ( s+3 ) s → 3 ( s+3 )
1 3 1 3
[ {
f ( t )=u (t−1)∙ e 3(t−1) } {
− ( t−1 ) + e−3 (t−1) + ( t−1 )
2 4 2 4 }]
( s−2 )
φ( s )= 2
d. ( s 2 −4 s+ 13 )
s
L−1 { ∅ ( s ) }=e 2 t L−1
{ }
⏟
2
(s + 3 )
^∅(s )
2 2
1 1 s
Por convolución: f ( t )=L
−1
{ 2 2 } {
= sen 3 t , g ( t ) =L−1 2 2 =cos 3 t
( s +3 ) 3 (s + 3 ) }
t t t
1 1 1 −cos ( 3 t−6 τ ) 1
−1
L { ∅^ (s ) }= ∫ sen 3 ( t−τ ) ∙cos 3 τ ∙ dτ = ∫ [ sen ( 3 t−6 τ )+ sen 3 t ] dτ=
30 6 0 6 −6 0 6[
+ τ ∙ sen 3t = t ∙ se ]
−1 2t 1
Luego L { ∅ ( s ) }=e ∙ 6 t ∙ sen 3 t
i1 i2
R C 2 1+t2
E(t) 1kW 1 mF
L=8/3 H 0 1 2 t
Fig.1 Fig. 2
Ecuaciones diferenciales
8 d i1
Malla 1: 103 ( i 1−i 2) + 2
= E (t )=( 1+ t ) [ u ( t )−u (t−1) ] +2 u(t−1)
3 dt
3 Q2
Malla2: -10 ( i 1−i 2) + −6 =0
10
|
3 3
−10
3 8 8 10 9
∆= = ∙106 + ∙ 103 s +
10 6 3 3 s
−10 3
( s
+103 )
8 1 2 2 2
(
|
s+10 ) ( + )−e ( + )
|
3 −s
3 3 2
∆I = 32
s s s s
−103 0
1 2 2 2
I =
( ) ( + 3 −e−s 3 + 2 ∙103
s s s s ) =
( s2 +2 ) −2 e−s ( 1+ s )
2
8 8 109 8 8
[ 3
∙ 106 + ∙ 103 s+
3 s ] ( s2
3
∙ 103 s+ s 2+ 106
3 )
lim ( s 2 +2 )−2 e−s ( 1+s )
Valor estacionario: lim i2 ( t ) =¿ lim sI 2 ( s ) =¿ s → 0 =0 A ¿ ¿
t→∞ s →0 8 8
3(
s ∙10 s + s2 +106
3
3
)
3. De las siguientes funciones periódicas, analice: período, simetrías y halle el
desarrollo en series de Fourier. F(t) (8p)
2
F(t)
… 1 … 1
-2 -1 1 2 3 t
-1 1 2 3 4 5 t -1
-1 -2
Fig. 3 Fig. 4
a) De la Fig.3 , T =4 , ω0=π /2
0
+
| ( )|
sen t
nπ
2
2
2
0
−
t ∙cos
nπ
2
2
t
1
=
4
( nπ ) 2
nπ 2
2 nπ | |
∙ sen − ∙ cosnπ
−1
b 2m = ∀m
mπ
4 2
b 2m −1 =(−1 )m+1 2 2
+ ∀m
( 2 m−1 ) π (2 m−1 ) π
Luego
∞ ∞
4 2 (2 m−1 ) π 1
m =1 [
f ( t )= ∑ (−1 )
m+1
2 2
+
( 2 m−1 ) π ( 2m−1 ) π
sen
2 ] t+ ∑ −
m=1 mπ
sen ( mπ ) t [ ]
b) De la fig. 4, simetría ¼ de onda par
T =4 , ω 0=π /2
a 2m =a0 =bn =0
1
( 2 m−1 ) π
a 2m −1 =2∫ ( 2−t ) ∙ cos t ∙ dt
0 2
1 1
( 2 m−1 ) π ( 2m−1 ) π ( 2 m−1 ) π
[
¿ 2 ( 2−t )
sen
2
( 2 m−1 ) π
2
t
0
−
|cos
4
2
2
( 2 m−1 ) π 2
t
|] [
0
=2
sen
2
( 2 m−1 ) π
2
+
4
2
( 2 m−1 ) π 2 ]
Analizando para distintos valores de m
2 4
a 2m −1 =(−1 )m+1 + ∀m
( 2 m−1 ) π ( 2 m−1 )2 π 2
∞
2 4 ( 2 m−1 ) π
f ( t )= ∑ (−1 )
m =1 [m+1
+ 2 2
( 2 m−1 ) π ( 2 m−1 ) π
cos
] 2
t
Fórmulas útiles
1
senA . cosB= [ sen ( A−B )+sen ( A+B ) ]
2
1
senA . senB= [ cos( A−B)−cos ( A +B ) ]
2