1

UNIT ONE
EL VERBO TO BE
USOS DEL VERBO TO BE

Este verbo tiene varios usos y variaciones en comparacin con el uso que se le da en espaol, a
continuacin se presentan sus usos y variaciones:

1. Para identificar una persona u objeto: En este uso se usa un sustantivo despus del verbo to
be, house, teacher, engineer, desk, etc.

He is an engineer. (El es un ingeniero)
They are students. (Ellos son estudiantes)
I am a professional. (Yo son un profesional)
It is a car. (Es un carro)

2. Para describir una persona o cosa: En este uso, la oracin tiene que tener un adjetivo que
describa la persona u objeto del que estamos hablando, tall, short, intelligent, poor, green.

Carlos is intelligent. (Carlos es inteligente)
They are blue. (Ellos son azules)
Carmen is blond. (Carmen es rubia)
It is cold (Es frio)

3. Para indicar ubicacin u origen: En este caso, el verbo to be se traduce como estar y
despus de l tenemos que usar una preposicin, in, on, at para indicar el lugar donde la
persona o cosa se encuentra. En el caso de querer indicar origen tenemos que usa la
preposicin from.

My friends are in the class. (Mis amigos estn en la clase)
Jorge is in Colombia. (Jorge esta en Colombia)
It is in my desk. (Esta en mi escritorio)
She is from Peru. (Ella es de Peru)

Diferencias con el espaol

4. Para expresar la edad. El verbo to be se usa en ingls para expresar la edad mientras que en
espaol se usa el verbo tener.

My brother is 28 years old. (Mi hermano tiene 28 aos)
My niece is 10 years old. (Mi sobrina tiene 10 aos)


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ORACIONES AFIRMATIVAS

El verbo TO BE corresponde a los verbos ser y estar en espaol, dependiendo del contexto se
deducir de cual se trata.
Primero nos dedicaremos al presente de este verbo que en ingles se conjuga:

I am a student (Yo soy un estudiante)
You are a teacher (T eres un profesor)
She is tall (Ella es alta)
He is rich (El es rico)
It is a table (Eso es una mesa)
We are friends (Nosotros somos amigos)
You are from Cuenca (Uds. son de Cuenca)
They are in a concert (Ellos estn en un concierto)


Como se podr dar cuenta el verbo significa ser o estar, en las primeras 6 oraciones el verbo se
traduce como ser para identificar o describir una persona u objeto. En las dos ltimas oraciones
el verbo se traduce como estar.

A MEMORIZAR!

Es muy importante que memorice la conjugacin de estos verbos y sus contracciones, estas son
simplemente una forma reducida del verbo to be:

I am Im
You are Youre
He is Hes
She is Shes
It is Its
We are Were
You are Youre
They are Theyre

















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EJ ERCICI O 1
I. Use la conjugacin del verbo TO BE en las siguientes oraciones. Tiene que haber memorizado
ya la conjugacin correspondiente antes de hacer este ejercicio. Las respuestas se encuentran
al final de esta seccin.

1. I ________ a very intelligent person.
2. My mother _______ in Loja.
3. My English dictionary _______ in my desk.
4. It _______ cold today.
5. The children _______ my nephews.
6. The president of Ecuador _______ Rafael Correa.
7. Guayaquil _______ the most crowded city in Ecuador.
8. The most important thing _______ to study to learn.

II. Coloque las siguientes palabras en el orden correcto para formar oraciones. Recuerde que el
orden en ingls es Sujeto, Verbo y complemento. No se olvide del Sujeto.

1. Venezuela. / from / She / is
____________________________________________________________
2. cold / today / is / It
____________________________________________________________
3. thirty years old / I / am
____________________________________________________________
4. Jennifer / Her name / is
____________________________________________________________
5. very difficult / My homework / is
____________________________________________________________
III. Exprese lo que indican las claves en parntesis, el objetivo de este ejercicio es que Uds. se
sienta ms cmodo y libre al usar el idioma para propsitos determinados. Recuerde que todas
las oraciones en Ingls tienen la estructura: Sujeto+ Verbo + Complemento, por ejemplo

SUJETO VERBO COMPLEMENTO
I am intelligent.
My mother is an architect.
The school is in Quito.

1. (edad) _______________________________________________________
2. (profesin u ocupacin) _________________________________________
3. (descripcin de su fsico) ________________________________________
4. (ubicacin en este momento) _____________________________________
5. (origen) ______________________________________________________
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ORACIONES NEGATIVAS

En oraciones negativas se use la palabra NOT a lado de la conjugacin del verbo TO BE; es
decir:

PRONOMBRE VERBO TO BE COMPLEMENTO TRADUCCIN
I am not a janitor. Yo no soy un conserje

You are not in Guayaquil. T no ests en Guayaquil

He is not my father. l no es mi padre

She is not a nurse. Ella no es una enfermera

It is not Sunday. No es Domingo

We are not cousins. Nosotros no somos primos

You are not American. Uds. no son Americanos

They are not twenty years old. Ellos no tienen 20 aos



Generalmente no se pronuncia la palabra completa, I AM NOT, YOU ARE NOT , etc. sino que se
usan contracciones:

PRONOMBRE VERBO TO BE COMPLEMENTO
I m not a janitor

You aren't in Guayaquil

He isn't my father

She isn't a nurse

It isn't Sunday

We aren't cousins

You aren't American


They

aren't

twenty years old


A MEMORIZAR!
Memorizar las contracciones arriba mostradas.


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EJ ERCICI O 2
I. ESCRIBA LOS NEGATIVOS DE LAS SIGUIENTES ORACIONES, USE CONTRACCIONES:
1. The car is in the garage. ____________________________________________
2. I am an assistant. ____________________________________________
3. Karina is my friend. ____________________________________________
4. The teachers are late. ____________________________________________
5. It is my book. ____________________________________________

II. EXPRESE LO QUE INDICAN LAS CLAVES ENTRE PARENTESIS, TODAS LAS
ORACIONES SON RESPECTO A UD. NO SE OLVIDE DE LA ESTRUCTURA: SUJETO +
VERBO + COMPLEMENTO.

1. (not a doctor) ____________________________________________
2. (not 40 years old) ____________________________________________
3. (not lazy) ____________________________________________
4. (not Colombian) ____________________________________________
5. (not in a class) ____________________________________________
YES/NO QUESTIONS/ PREGUNTAS DE SI Y NO

En espaol hacemos la pregunta tan slo haciendo un cambio en el tono de voz, en ingls es
diferente, no slo el tono de voz cambia sino que tambin la estructura, observe:

En una oracin simple, la estructura de una oracin es:

She is a lawyer. Sujeto + Verbo + Complemento

Imagnese que no quiere afirmar que ella es una abogada sino que le quiere preguntar a alguien
si ella es una abogada, entonces:

Is she a lawyer? Verbo + Sujeto + Complemento

Como se puede dar cuenta lo nico que cambia es la posicin del verbo en la oracin, en
preguntas el verbo va antes del sujeto. Observe las oraciones afirmativas en el primer cuadro y
cmo cambian al ser transformadas en preguntas, en el segundo cuadro:

SUJETO VERBO
TO BE
COMPLEMENTO VERBO TO
BE
SUJETO COMPLEMENTO
She is a lawyer. Is she a lawyer?
You are Ecuadorian. Are you Ecuadorian?
It is your car. Is it your car?
They are classmates. Are they classmates?

Para responder este tipo de preguntas hay dos maneras, una corta y una completa, y puede ser
afirmativa o negativa.

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A: Are you a secretary? A: Is she your sister?
B: Yes, I am. o B: No, she isnt. o
Yes, I am a secretary. No, she isnt my sister.

EJ ERCICI O 3

I. TRANSFORME LAS SIGUIENTES ORACIONES A NEGATIVAS Y LUEGO A PREGUNTAS
DE SI Y NO Y LUEGO RESPONDA LA PREGUNTA DE FORMA CORTA.

1. Carmen is my mother. Negativa: ____________________________________
Pregunta:_____________________________________
Respuesta: ____________________________________

2. His house is far away. Negativa: _____________________________________
Pregunta: _____________________________________
Respuesta: ____________________________________

3. The flowers are beautiful. Negativa: _____________________________________
Pregunta: _____________________________________
Respuesta: ____________________________________

4. I am a successful student. Negativa: _____________________________________
Pregunta: _____________________________________
Respuesta: ____________________________________
II. PREGUNTE LO QUE INDICAN LAS CLAVES ENTRE PARNTESIS
Por ejemplo:
( you/ an employee / here) Are you an employee here?

1. (you / Peruvian) ____________________________________________
2. (you / a student) ____________________________________________
3. (you / thirty years old) ____________________________________________
4. (your mother / Ecuadorian) ____________________________________________
5. (your university/ good) ____________________________________________

III. RESPONDA LAS SIGUIENTES PREGUNTAS, EN FORMA CORTA. RECUERDE SOLO
NECESITA USAR EL VERBO TO BE.
1. Are you an engineer? _______________________
2. Are you a good student? _______________________
3. Are you Ecuadorian? _______________________
4. Is your father in Ecuador? _______________________
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ARTICULOS DEFINIDO E INDEFINIDO
Las partculas a - an en espaol significan un o una y sirve para hablar de un solo objeto.
Ejemplo:
I have a pencil. Yo tengo un lpiz.
ARTICULO INDEFINIDO
ARTICULO INDEFINIDO A
Se utiliza la partcula a antes de un sustantivo que empiece con una consonante.
Ejemplos:
a book -> un lpiz a table -> una mesa
ARTICULO INDEFINIDO AN
La partcula an se utiliza delante de sustantivos que empiecen con vocales (sonidos voclicos), o
de una h que no se pronuncie (muda).
Ejemplos: an apple -> una manzana
an hour -> una hora (en este caso la h no tiene sonido)

a hat -> un sombrero (en este caso la h tiene sonido)

EL ARTCULO DEFINIDO
ARTICULO DEFINIDO THE

Este artculo se utiliza para hablar de una persona, animal o cosa especfico, que se lo haya
mencionado con anterioridad o que sea.

Ejemplo:

I saw a dog outside. The dog was very big -> Yo v un perro afuera. El perro era muy grande
Se utiliza el artculo para hablar de cosas que son nicas.
Ejemplo: The moon is bright. -> La luna es brillante. (slo hay una luna)
El artculo definido tambin se emplea cuando nos referimos a ros (the Nile), mares,
montaas; y en definitiva con los dems accidentes geogrficos.
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Tambin lo utilizamos a la hora de nombrar un determinada instrumento musical por
ejemplo: the piano, the guitar o the flute.
EJ ERCICI O 4
I. COLOQUE LAS SIGUIENTES PALABRAS DENTRO DEL CASILLERO CORRECTO. QUE
PALABRAS VAN PRECEDIDAS CON A O AN?


A AN













II. LEA EL SIGUIENTE PARRAFO E INCLUYA LOS ARTICULOS: A / AN / THE

I am from London. London is 1. _____ big city in England. It has a lot of museums. 2. ___
museums are very interesting because you can see a lot of antiques. There are also many
parks which are nice, but there is 3. ____special park called Hyde Park. 4._____ park is
5.____ amazing place because you can go with your family and see ducks, geese and birds.
Be careful if you feed 6. ____ birds because they can be dangerous.

III. COMPLETE THE SENTENCES USING A AN- THE

a. Andres is ____ engineer.
b. I have _____ interesting book.
c. Luis has ____ car, but _____ car is old.
d. Martin works in ____ hospital.
e. Sophia wants ___ apple.
f. I dont want ____ orange.
g. She is ____ hardworking secretary.
h. Leslie needs ____ hour to read the article.
i. It is ___ expensive restaurant, but ____ restaurant has good food.
j. That is ___ old comedy, but _____ comedy is fun.


elephant job orange horse aunt pencil umbrella dictionary rose
example accountant house wife eraser architect teacher apple
computer pen idea
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SUSTANTIVOS SINGULARES Y
PLURALES

Existen dos clases de sustantivos: contables y no contables. Los sustantivos contables son
aquellos de los que se puede hablar en singular y plural mientras que los no contables tienen
nicamente su forma singular.
Contable: table tables
dictionary dictionaries

Como en espaol los sustantivos son singulares y plurales. Los singulares son los que significan
1 y los plurales dos o ms.
Ejemplo:
A cup (una taza)
Two cups (dos tazas)
REGLAS PARA LA FORMACIN DE LOS SUSTATIVOS
PLURALES

1. Se aade S a la mayora de los sustantivos singulares para hacerlos plurales.
Ejemplo: cup cups
book books
ruler rulers
computer computers

2. Los sustantivos que terminan en s, z, x, sh, o y ch forman su plural aadiendo - es.
Ejemplo:
class classes
dish dishes
church churches
box boxes
potato potatoes

3. Para los sustantivos que terminan en y y estn precedidos por una consonante, se
reemplaza la y por la i y se aumenta es.
Ejemplo:
dictionary dictionaries
lady ladies
city cities
4. Para los sustantivos que terminan en y pero que estn precedidos por una vocal, solamente
se aade la s.
Ejemplos:
toy toys
day days
turkey turkeys

5. Algunos sustantivos que terminan en -f o -fe forman su plural aadiendo ves.
Ejemplos:
loaf loaves
half halves
knife knives
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6. Algunos sustantivos son completamente irregulares, es decir al realizar el plural de ciertos
sustantivos estos cambian totalmente
Ejemplos:
man men
child children
tooth teeth

A MEMORIZAR!
Memorice todas las reglas para la formacin de los sustantivos plurales.

EJ ERCICI O 5
I. CONSULTE EN EL DICCIONARIO LOS PLURALES DE LOS SIGUIENTES
SUSTANTIVOS IRREGULARES
a. mouse _____________
b. person _____________
c. goose _____________
d. foot _____________
e. ox _____________

II. FORME EL PLURAL DE LOS SIGUIENTES SUSTANTIVOS:

1. flower _______________
2. dish _______________
3. door _______________
4. bush _______________
5. tomato _______________
6. wife _______________
7. dog _______________
8. chair _______________
9. baby _______________
10. folder _______________

III. ESCOJA Y ENCIERRE EN UN CRCULO EL SUSTANTIVO SINGULAR O PLURAL
CORRECTO.
a. Those childs children are intelligent.
b. Tony has a box boxes in his bag.
c. Sophia and Jeremy take a bus buses to go to school.
d. Aaron and Peter are kind person- people.
e. There are three mouses- mice at home.
f. Portugal and France are beautiful country- countries.
g. My tomatos tomatoes are fresh.
h. I need a watch watches to know what time it is.
i. There are seven glass- glasses on the table.
j. There is a church churches in town.
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UNIT TWO
EL VERBO TO BE

PREGUNTAS DE INFORMACIN

Preguntas de informacin quieren decir el tipo de preguntas que se hacen para obtener algn
tipo de informacin especfica, no solamente si o no como las preguntas estudiadas
anteriormente. Para realizar este tipo de pregunta es necesario saber el significado de las
palabras que nos permiten realizarlas:
WHAT qu
WHERE dnde
WHERE FROM de dnde
WHEN cundo
WHICH cul/ cules
WHY por qu
HOW cmo
HOW OLD cuntos aos
HOW OFTEN con qu frecuencia
WHAT TIME qu hora/ a qu hora

A MEMORI ZAR!
Memorice el vocabulario arriba presentado.
________________________

Partamos de una oracin afirmativa:

They are in the park (Ellos estn en el parque)

Para hacer la pregunta de si y no solamente se cambia la posicin del verbo:

Are they in the park? (Estn ellos en el parque?)

Ahora, no queremos preguntar si ellos estn en el parque pero queremos preguntar DNDE
estn, observe:
Where are they?

Para formar esta pregunta se necesit de una de las palabras arriba enlistadas, WHERE y la
misma estructura de preguntas: VERBO + SUJETO + COMPLEMENTO. En este caso la
pregunta no tiene complemento porque eso es lo que precisamente estamos preguntando.
Where are they? They are in the park.

Observe la siguiente oracin:
Carmen is 32 years old.
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Ahora quiere preguntar cuntos aos tiene Carmen, Intntelo!
____________________________________________________?
Si, la pregunta es How old is Carmen?

Otra vez, la oracin es:
The school is in the north.
Haga la pregunta para que in the north sea la respuesta:
_____________________________________________________?
In the north.

S, la pregunta es: Where is the school?

EJ ERCICI O 6

I. ESCOJA LA PALABRA CORRECTA PARA FORMULAR PREGUNTAS A LAS RESPUESTAS
QUE SE ENCUENTRAN SUBRAYADAS AL LADO DERECHO.

1. ______ is he from? He is from Portugal
a. Who b. Why c. Where
2. ______ is your last name? My last name is Suarez
a. What b. Where c. Who
3. ______ is your birthday? Its on March 2
nd

a. What time b. When c. How old
4. ______ is she? She is my sister
a. Who b. Why c. When
5. ______ are you tired? Because I have a lot of work
a. When b. Who c. Why
6. ______ is it? Its USD. 10
a. How old b. What c. How much
7. _____ are you today? Im fine, thank you.
a. Where b. How c. How old
8. _________ is it? Its five o clock.
a. What b. How much c. What time
9. _________ is your brother? He is twenty five years old
a. Who b. How old c. How
10._________ is your bag? Its on my desk
a. What b. When c. Where



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II. PRIMERO TRANSFORME LAS ORACIONES AFIRMATIVAS EN PREGUNTAS DE SI Y NO Y
LUEGO ESCRIBA LA PREGUNTA INFORMATIVA PARA QUE LAS PALABRAS SUBRAYADAS
SEAN LA RESPUESTA.
Por ejemplo:
The children are in first grade.
Are the children in first grade? Es la pregunta de si y no
What grade are the children? Es la pregunta para que in the first grade sea la
respuesta.

1. The answer is in the book. _______________________________________
_______________________________________
2. Your friends are good professionals. ______________________________________
________________________________________
3. The secretary is efficient. ________________________________________
________________________________________
4. It is 9:30 a.m. ________________________________________
________________________________________
5. Sophia is in Argentina. ________________________________________
________________________________________
6. That man is my brother. ________________________________________
________________________________________
7. Valentines day is on February 14
th
________________________________________
________________________________________
8. Samantha is from Brazil. ________________________________________
________________________________________
9. Christian is eighteen years old. ________________________________________
________________________________________
10. Im happy because my dog is better. ________________________________________
________________________________________




14
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES/
ADJETIVOS POSESIVOS
Estos adjetivos indican la posesin de objetos por parte de personas, animales o cosas.
Ejemplo: Susan has a car. Her car is blue.
objeto
El adjetivo posesivo siempre va antes de un objeto
POSSESSIVE
ADJECTIVES
ADJETIVOS
POSESIVOS
my Mi (s)
your Tu(s), su(s)
his Su, (de l)
her Su, (de ella)
its Su(s) (de una cosa)
our nuestro
their Su(s) de ellos

A MEMORIZAR!
Memorice los adjetivos posesivos.

EJ ERCICI O 7
I. Escoja el adjetivo posesivo correcto del cuadro para completar el prrafo.


My his her their our

Look at this picture! I am the boy on the left. The little
girl who is on the right is 1. my sister. She loves 2.
_____ doll. The old people in the middle are my
grandparents. They live in the countryside and 3.
_____house is really big. My sister and I love 4.______
grandparents because they always have candies for us.
The man on the back is my father, 5. _______ name is
Tom and the woman next to him is my mother,
Katherine.


15

II. COMPLETE LOS ESPACIOS CON UN ADJETIVO POSESIVO.

1. J ulia visits ______ mother once a month.
2. Peter and I like ______ new house.
3. J oseph loves ________ daughter.
4. My children always play with _______ cousins.
5. My dog eats ______ food quickly.
6. Anthony lives with______ wife far away.
7. Katherine calls _____ boyfriend every day.
8. Do you like _______ job?
9. Colombia is a nice country and _______ people are kind and polite.
10. I dont live with _______ parents.

III. COMPLETE LAS ORACIONES USANDO UN ADJETIVO POSESIVO + UNA DE LAS
PALABRAS QUE SE ENCUENTRAN EN EL CUADRO
wife name job keys phone number

1. Peter likes ________________ because he works there just a few hours.
2. Andrew is married and he loves ________________.
3. I want to call David and Thomas. Do you know _______________________?
4. I dont know that woman over there. Do you know _____________________?
5. I cant find _______________. Where are they?

POSSESSIVE CASES / CASO
POSESIVO

Se utiliza s (el apstrofe + s) para indicar posesin para una persona o un animal.
Ejemplos:
Richards car is blue. El carro de Richard es azul.
My brothers book is interesting. El libro de mi hermano es interesante.
My dogs nose is dry. La nariz de mi perro est seca.
Observe que en ingls primero se coloca la persona o el animal seguido por la apstrofe + s





16
OTROS CASOS
En el caso de tener un sustantivo plural que termine en s se agrega nicamente
apstrofe.
Ejemplos:
My sisters dolls. Las muecas de mis hermanas
The students books. Los libros de los estudiantes.

Si deseamos indicar posesin para un objeto se utiliza la estructura "of" (del, de la).
Ejemplos:
The door of the house is brown. La puerta de la casa es caf.
The title of the book is interesting. El ttulo del libro es interesante.

En caso de referirnos a dos personas el apstrofe va nicamente despus de la
segunda persona.
Ejemplo:
John and Carols shoes are new Los zapatos de John y Carol son
nuevos.
A MEMORIZAR!
Revise los diferentes casos posesivos al utilizar la s.
EJ ERCICI O 8
I. ENCIERRE EL CASO POSESIVO CORRECTO
1. _____________ is intelligent.
a. Brians daughter b. The daughter of Brian c. Brians daughter
2. Whats _______________?
a. the citys name b. the name of the city c. the names city
3. ____________ is very small.
a. The house of my parents b. My parents house c. My houses
parents
4. Are these _____________?
a. your childrens toys b. the toys of your children c. your childrens toys
5. London is ________________.
a. Englands capital b. capitals England c. the capital of
England



17
II. ORDENE LAS SIGUIENTES PALABRAS PARA FORMAR FRASES:
1. car / Mr. Brown/ s
______________________________ is old.
2. My / house/ s / cousin
________________________________ is very big.
3. My/ business/ parents
________________________________ is successful.
4. The / of / the / door/ car
________________________________ is small.
5. s/ Tina / children
________________________________ are smart.

III. ESCRIBA EL CASO POSESIVO S CON LOS SIGUIENTES SUSTANTIVOS:
1. suit / Ken
_____________________________________________
2. the window / the classroom
_____________________________________________
3. son / Mrs. Clark
_____________________________________________
4. birthday / my brother
_____________________________________________
5. books/ the students
_____________________________________________
Possessive Pronouns / Pronombres
Posesivos

Los pronombres posesivos se utilizan para indicar a quin pertenece algo. El pronombre
posesivo sustituye al sustantivo.
EJEMPLO:
1. Its my dictionary. Its mine. (Este es mi diccionario. Este es mo)
2. Andrew has a new computer. The computer is his. (Andrew tiene una nueva
computadora. La computadora es de l)


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A continuacin el cuadro explicativo con todos los pronombres posesivos.
Possessive Pronouns/ pronombres
posesivos
mine mo/a/os/as
yours tuyo/a/os/as
his suyo/a/os/as
hers suyo/a/os/as
its suyo/a/os/as
ours nuestro/a/os/as
yours vuestro/a/os/as
theirs suyo/a/os/as
A MEMORIZAR!
Memorice todos los pronombres posesivos y REVISE los adjetivos posesivos presentados en
el captulo UNO. Note la diferencia entre un adjetivo posesivo y un pronombre posesivo.
Ejemplos: It is my car. ( My siempre va antes de un objeto)
This car is mine. ( mine va despus de un verbo)
EJ ERCICI O 9
I. COMPLETE LAS ORACIONES USANDO UN PRONOMBRE POSESIVO.
1. It is your money. Its__________
2. It is Susans book. Its ________
3. That is Katherine and Richards computer. Thats _________.
4. Its my suitcase. Its _______
5. They are Marcos shoes. They are _________
6. Its your coat. Its _________
7. It is our classroom. Its ___________
8. They are Anns pens. They are_________.
9. The cats belong to Lisa and Sheila. The cats are _____________ .
10. It is our dictionary. Its _____________.


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II. REVISE TODOS LOS CASOS DE LOS ADJETIVOS POSESIVOS (UNIDAD UNO) Y
PRONOMBRES POSESIVOS Y COMPLETE EL SIGUIENTE CUADRO
POSSESSIVE CASES POSSESSIVE
ADJECTIVES
POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS
Its Susans cat. It is her cat. It is hers.
Its Kevins computer.
Those are John and Carlas
books.

These are Tinas dresses.
Thats the dogs food.
Those are Sofias brothers.

III. COMPLETE LAS SIGUIENTES ORACIONES CON UN ADJETIVO POSESIVO (my - your
- his - her - its - our - your their) O CON UN PRONOMBRE POSESIVO (mine - yours - his -
hers - its - ours - yours theirs)
1. Thomas and Ann visit __________friends every weekend.
2. Liz sometimes goes to Canada for ________ holidays.
3. This is Tony and Katys car. It's __________ .
4. This is Sonias computer. It's__________ .
5. The cat has ______ own place here.
6. Maggie and _____ brother work downtown.
7. Louis loves ______ daughter.
8. I have a new laptop. That laptop is ________
9. Those are the childrens toys. They are ___________.
10. Joseph and ______ wife are kind people.











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Whose? / De quin?

Se utiliza whose para preguntar de quin o a quienes pertenece o pertenecen tal o cual
objeto.
Ejemplos:
Whose book is it? De quin es este libro?
Whose pens are they? De quines son estos esferos?

En ingls siempre se coloca el objeto despus de la palabra whose y luego el verbo con
relacin al objeto ya sea en plural o singular.
Tenga cuidado cuando utilice la pregunta who is: whos? porque en este caso la pregunta es
Quin es?
A continuacin veamos las diferencias entre whose y whos.
Ejemplos:
Whose keys are they? (Whose + sustantivo): La pregunta se refiere a posesin.
Who is he? (Who + verbo + sujeto): La pregunta se refiere a
quin.

EJ ERCICI O 10
I. ENCIERRE EN UN CIRCULO WHO OR WHOSE
a. Who/ Whose toys are these?
b. Who / Whose is that man over there?
c. Whose / Who umbrella is this?
d. Whose / Who are they?
e. Who /Whose keys are those?

II. REALICE PREGUNTAS PARA LAS SIGUIENTES RESPUESTAS QUE SE
ENCUENTRAN SUBRAYADAS, USE WHOSE.
a. Those are my brothers pens.
________________________________
b. That is my nieces dress.
_________________________________
c. They are Alans shoes.
_________________________________
d. They are my books.
_________________________________
e. It is his suit.
_________________________________





21
III. ANTES DE REALIZAR ESTE EJERCICIO REVISE EL CASO POSESIVOS Y LUEGO
ESCRIBA UNA ORACION UTILIZANDO EL NOMBRE QUE SE ENCUENTRA EN
PARENTESIS + EL CASO POSESIVOS
Ejemplo:
0. Whose toy is it? (George) Its Georges car.
1. - Whose car is it? (Rose) ___________________________ .
2. - Whose radio is it? (Richard) ___________________________ .
3. - Whose computer is it? (Susan) ____________________________ .
4. - Whose pen is it? (Steven) ____________________________ .
5. - Whose crayons are they? (the children) _____________________________ .
6. - Whose erasers are they? (these students) __________________________ .
7. - Whose gloves are they? (Peter) ____________________________ .
8. - Whose bags are they? (Roy and Sue) ________________________ .
9. - Whose rings are they? (the girls) _________________________.
10. - Whose watch is it? (my grandfather) ___________________________

PRONOMBRES DEMOSTRATIVOS

Los pronombres demostrativos identifican una cosa o cosas que se encuentran cerca o lejos
en espacio y tiempo. Observe el siguiente cuadro:

cerca (traduccin) lejos (traduccin)
singular this Esto that esos
plural these Estos those esos

Ejemplos:

This ruler belongs to Daniel. (Esta regla pertenece a Daniel)
These rulers belong to Daniel. (Estas reglas pertenecen a Daniel)

That man answered the question. (Ese hombre respondi la pregunta)
Those men answered the question. (Esos hombres respondieron la pregunta)

Tome en cuenta que no solamente el pronombre demostrativo es el que cambia en la oracin
al convertir a la oracin en plural sino que ocurren otros cambios como la pluralizacin del
sustantivo y la conjugacin del verbo.


22
Ejemplo:
That car is old.
Those cars are old.
Es importante mencionar que cuando la oracin poseen las palabras:
here, significa que el objeto en cuestin se encuentra cerca.
There: significa que el objeto se encuentra lejos

EJ ERCICI O 11
I. ENCIERRE EN UN CIRCULO EL PRONOMBRE DEMOSTRATIVO CORRECTO
a. That / Those / This laptops are expensive.
b. That / These/ Those spoon is dirty.
c. This / Those/ These night table is old.
d. These / This/ That pots are big.
e. That / These/ Those is the answer.
f. This / These/ Those is my bedroom.
g. Those/ That / This are important notebooks.
h. That/ These/This are my pens.
i. Is these / those / that bedroom for me?
j. Are that / those / this forks new?
k. How much are this/ that/ these books?
l. Are this / those/ that pillows over there yours?

2. CAMBIE LAS SIGUIENTES ORACIONES DE SINGULAR A PLURAL
a. This book is good. These books are good.
b. That computer is old. ___________________________________
c. This dictionary is big. ___________________________________
d. That car is new. ___________________________________
e. This child is intelligent. ___________________________________
f. That country is interesting. ___________________________________
3. CAMBIE LAS SIGUIENTES ORACIONES DE PLURAL A SINGULAR
a. These candies are very sweet. ___________________________________
b. Those pictures are small. ___________________________________
c. These people are kind. ___________________________________
d. Those desks are dirty. ___________________________________
e. These knives are sharp. ___________________________________


23

4. COMPLETE EL SIGUIENTE DIALOGO USANDO: this/that/ these / those
Salesperson: Good morning! Can I help you?
Customer: Good morning. Are a. _______ towels over there on sale?
Salesperson: Do you mean b. _________ towels here?
Customer: Yes, c.________ blue towels.
Salesperson: Im afraid they arent, but I have d._______ yellow towel here which is on sale.
Customer: Thank you, but I dont like e. ______ color.















24
UNIT THREE
THERE IS/ THERE ARE

Estas dos estructuras significan HAY, y la diferencia radica en que There is se utiliza en el
singular y There are en el plural.
Ejemplo: There is a teacher in the class. (Hay un profesor en la clase)
There are students in the class. (Hay estudiantes en la clase)

Siendo THERE IS una estructura que se usa para el singular normalmente va seguido de
a/an indicando una cosa u objeto cuando el sustantivo que le sigue es contable:
There is a book in the shelf. (Hay un libro en el estante)

Book es un sustantivo contable por lo que es necesario el uso del artculo indefinido a/an.

There is water in the vase. (Hay agua en el florero)

Water es un sustantivo no contable por lo que no es posible usar el artculo indefinido que
significa un o uno/una.

La expresin ANY se utiliza para nicamente al realizar oraciones negativas y preguntas y
por lo general con there are o con un sustantivo no contable.
Ejemplo:
There arent any desks in class. (No hay ningn escritorio en clase) ORACION NEGATIVA
Are there any desks in class? (Hay algn escritorio en clase?) PREGUNTA

A continuacin observemos como se forman las oraciones afirmativas, negativas y
preguntas:
AFIRMATIVAS NEGATIVAS PREGUNTAS SHORT ANSWERS
There i s a radi o. There i s not a radi o. Is there a radi o? Yes, there i s.
There's a car There i sn't a car. Is there a car? No, there i sn't
S
I
N
G
U
L
A
R
P
L
U
R
A
L
There are erasers. There are not erasers. Are there erasers? Yes, there are.
There are books. There aren't any books. Are there any books? No, there aren't
P
L
U
R
A
L






25
EJ ERCICI O 12
I. ESCOJA LA OPCION CORRECTA PARA COMPLETAR LAS SIGUIENTES ORACIONES
O PREGUNTAS.

1. __________ any glasses on the table?
a. there is b. are there c. there arent d. is there

2. ________ a Chinese restaurant near here?
a. are there b. is there c. there isnt d. there arent

3. _________ any churches in town.
a. there isnt b. is there c there arent d. there are

4. ________ a sandwich on the table.
a. are there b. there are c. there arent d. there is

5. ________ five people outside.
a. there are b. there isnt c. is there d. there is


II. COMPLETE LAS SIGUIENTES ORACIONES CON THERE IS O THERE ARE.

1. __________ a meeting in his office.
2. __________ a lot of people in the supermarket right now.
3. __________ a mistake in this page.
4. __________ two friends waiting for you.
5. In the morning ________ more employees.
6. I think ________ more people interested in changing their vote now.


III. OBSERVE EL CUADRO Y CONTESTE LAS
SIGUIENTES PREGUNTAS:
1. Is there a dog? ____________________
2. Are there any flowers? _____________
3. Is there a pencil on the table?_______________
4. Is there a cat on the floor? __________________
5. Are there any apples on the table? ___________









www.offthemarkcartoons.com




26
PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE AND
MOVEMENT



Las preposiciones de lugar son palabras que indican la ubicacin de un objeto.


http://england.caduff.org

on: sobre
under / below: debajo
over/above: por encima
in: dentro
behind: detrs de
in front of: al frente de
between: entre
into: hacia el interior de
out of: fuera de
up: arriba
through: a travs de
across: transversalmente
beside /next to: al lado de
around: alrededor de







27
EJ ERCICI O 13
I. OBSERVE LOS SIGUIENTES CUADROS Y CONTESTE LAS PREGUNTAS USANDO
UNA PREPOSICION DE LUGAR. A VECES MAS DE UNA RESPUESTA ES POSIBLE.





1. Where is the cat? The cat is ________________ the table
2. Where is the tree? _____________________________ the house
3. Where is airplane? _____________________________ the air
4. Where is the old woman? ______________________________ the piano
5. Where are the cars? _____________________________ the parking lot
6. Where is the phone? ______________________________ the table
7. Where is the clock? ______________________________ the wall
8. Where is the sink? _____________________________ the bathroom
9. Where is the lamp? ______________________________ night table
10. Where is the plant? _______________________________ the piano
11. Where is Paul? _______________________________ Anna.
12. Where are the cars? _______________________________ the road.






28
II. OBSERVE LOS SIGUIENTES CUADROS Y COLOQUE UN ( ) SI LA ORACION ESTA
CORRECTA, CASO CONTRARIO ESCRIBA LA PREPOSICION CORRECTA


1. The cat is under the table. _____________________________

2. The apple is on the books. ________________________


3. The woman is behind the computer. __________________________________


4. The ball is under the dog. ____________________________



5. The pictures are in the wall. _______________________________________

III. COMPLETE LAS SIGUIENTES ORACIONES USANDO IN / ON

a. There is a wonderful picture ________ the wall.
b. My brother lives _______ Australia.
c. Is there a pen _____ your bag?
d. Dont sit _______ that chair. It is old.
e. Look! There is a dictionary ______ the table.




29
UNIT FOUR
SIMPLE PRESENT / PRESENTE
SIMPLE

Se utiliza para expresar hbitos o costumbres, es decir acciones que se realizan a diario,
rutinas de la vida cotidiana.
Ejemplo:
I take a shower every day. (Yo tomo una ducha todos los das.)

Adems este tiempo se utiliza para expresar hechos o verdades generales.
Ejemplo:
Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius. (El agua hierve a 100 grados centgrados)

El presente simple se forma de la siguiente manera:











SIMPLE
PRESENT
PRESENTE SIMPLE
I sleep Yo duermo
You sleep Tu duermes


30
He sleeps El duerme
She sleeps Ella duerme
It sleeps (para referirnos a objetos)
We sleep nosotros dormimos
You sleep Ustedes duermen
They sleep Ellos duermen

NOTA: El nico cambio que se realiza al realizar oraciones positivas es cuando hablamos de
las terceras personas, es decir: he, she o it, porque en este caso tenemos que aadir s a los
verbos.
CAMBIOS ORTOGRAFICOS PARA LAS TERCERAS PERSONAS
La regla general para formar una oracin en el presente simple con las terceras personas, es
aadir la s a los verbos:
Ejemplos: I work -> she works I dance -> he dances
Sin embargo existen algunas reglas para ciertos verbos:
1.- Si un verbo termina en o, sh, ch, x se aade -es
Ejemplos: I watch -> she watches (mirar) I wash - she washes (lavar)
I go -> she goes (ir) I fix she fixes (reparar)
2.- Si un verbo termina en y precedido por una consonante, cambiamos la y por i y a
continuacin aadimos es.
Ejemplos: I study -> she studies (estudiar) I cry -> she cries (llorar)
Observe que estas reglas ortogrficas son las mismas que se aplican para formar los
sustantivos en plural.
EJ ERCICI O 14
I. COLOQUE LOS SIGUIENTES VERBOS CON LOS CAMBIOS ORTOGRAFICOS
PARA LAS TERCERAS PERSONAS

sing
pass
mix
fly
read



relax
understand
do
play
cry
have
carry


31
study
swim
go


II. OBSERVE LOS CUADROS Y ESCRIBA ORACIONES COMPLETAS (SUJETO +
VERBO + COMPLEMENTO) EN EL PRESENTE SIMPLE. LAS RESPUESTAS
PUEDEN VARIAR PORQUE ESTAS DEPENDEN DE SU CREATIVIDAD.
Ejemplo:


a. They cook a delicious soup. b. He_________________ c. Sofia_______________

d. They_________________ e. She_________________ f. She________________


g. The boy_______________ h. The girl______________ I. The man__________


III. UNA LAS SIGUIENTES EXPRESIONES DE TAL MANERA QUE LA ORACION
TENGA SENTIDO

a. She watches ______ 1. a car every day.
b. I brush ______ 2. in a bank.
c. They read ______ 3. tight clothes.
d. We listen to ______ 4. computers on the weekends.
e. He drives ______ 5. the radio in the morning.
f. I wear ______6. soccer in a national team.
g. He plays ______ 7. the newspaper.


32
h. Sue works ______ 8. my teeth three times a day.
i. Sam fixes ______ 9. milk for breakfast.
j. They drink ______ 10. T.V. once a while.

IV. ORDENE LAS SIGUIENTES FRASES PARA FORMAR ORACIONES
AFIRMATIVAS. INCLUYA LA -S O ES SI ES NECESARIO.

a. ( two children/ Robert/ have)
___________________________________________________________________
b. (play / with a ball/ my dog)
____________________________________________________________________
c. (Katys parents / vegetables / sell)
____________________________________________________________________
d. (read/ science fiction books/ my daughter)
____________________________________________________________________
e. ( go / to the park / Adele/ on the weekends)
___________________________________________________________________
f. ( Alexandra and Tom/ on Saturdays/ buy / organic food)
____________________________________________________________________
g. ( love / Brians / carrots and apples/ horse)
___________________________________________________________________
h. ( take / I / a shower / every day)
____________________________________________________________________
i. ( friends / Brendas/ near/ live)
____________________________________________________________________
j. ( interesting / write/ Isabel/ novels)
____________________________________________________________________

V. SELECCIONE UNO DE LOS VERBOS QUE SE ENCUENTRAN EN EL CASILLERO
Y COLQUELO EN LA ORACION CORRECTA. RECUERDE AADIR LA S O ES
SI SE TRATA DE UNA TERCERA PERSONA.
like start hate sleep eat do swim wash speak rain

a. Rachel ___________ the dishes once a week.
b. It ________ a lot this time of the year.
c. I never _________ fast food.
d. Lucy works at a hotel. She _________ work at 5:00 a.m.
e. They _______ French very well because they lived in France for a long time.
f. Arthur ________ his homework at night because he has a part-time job.
g. I _________ rats because they are dirty.
h. My son usually goes to bed early. He ________ at 7:00 p.m.


33
i. We_________ horror films. In fact, we love them.
j. She _________ in the pool twice a week.

VI. COLOQUE UNA () EN LA ORACION CORRECTA Y UNA (X) EN LA ORACION
INCORRECTA.
1. a. Andrea come from Mexico.
b. Andrea comes from Mexico.
2. a. She is married.
b. She does married.
3. a. They live in Canada.
b. They lives in Canada.
4. a. Joe haves a daughter.
b. Joe has a daughter.
5. a. My children study hard.
b. My children studies hard.
6. a. Roy plaies with his toys.
b. Roy plays with his toys.
7. a. Samuel and Robert study hard for their exams.
b. Samuel and Robert studies hard for their exams.
8. a. My dogs like their food.
b. My dogs likes their food.
9. a. Anthonys parents wash their car on the weekends.
b. Anthonys parents washes their car on the weekends.
10. a. Christians best friend love dogs.
b. Christians best friend loves dogs.
VII. ESCRIBA ORACIONES SOBRE USTED CON LOS SIGUIENTES VERBOS, SI
USTED NO CONOCE EL SIGNIFICADO DE DICHOS VERBOS, CONSULTELOS EN EL
DICCIONARIO.
a. I like______________________________________________
b. I dislike ___________________________________________
c. I love ____________________________________________
d. I hate ____________________________________________
e. I prefer ___________________________________________


34
ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY/
ADVERBIOS DE FRECUENCIA

Estos adverbios generalmente se utilizan con oraciones en el presente simple y sirven para
indicar la frecuencia de una accin.
ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY


Always


Usually

They Often take
a bus to go to
school.

Sometimes


Seldom


Never

always: siempre usually: usualmente often: a menudo sometimes: a veces
seldom: rara vez never: nunca

Dichos adverbios siempre van antes de un verbo excepto del verbo to be.


Ejemplos:

She never cooks on the weekends. (Ella nunca cocina los fines de semana.)


* f. a. + verb
They usually play soccer with their friends. (Ellos usualmente juegan ftbol con sus amigos.)


f.a. + verb

Excepcin:
They are always on time. (Ellos siempre estn a tiempo)


verb to be + f.a


Importante: Al usar never no se puede incluir el auxiliar dont o doesnt

Ejemplo:

Liz doesnt never go to the disco. (incorrecto)


Liz never goes to the disco. ( correcto)
*frequency adverb: f.a.





35
ADVERBS OF TIME


reads the newspaper every day.
He takes a shower once a week.

goes to the park twice a month.

three times a year.

every: cada twice a: dos veces por
once a: una vez por three times a: tres veces por

Los adverbios de tiempo tambin indican la frecuencia de una accin; sin embargo, estos
siempre van al final de una oracin.
Ejemplos:
They go to the swimming pool twice a month. (Ellos van a la piscina dos veces al mes.)


adverb of time

She plays tennis every weekend. (Ella juega tenis cada fin de semana.)


adverb of time

How often? / Con qu frecuencia?
Esta es una pregunta comnmente usada para preguntar sobre la periocidad de una accin.
Ejemplo:
How often do you go to the beach? ( Con qu frecuencia vas a la playa?)
I sometimes go to the beach. (Yo voy a veces a la playa.)
I go to the beach once a year. (Yo voy a la playa una vez al ao.)
EJ ERCICI O 15
I. COLOQUE LAS SIGUIENTES PALABRAS EN FORMA ORDENADA. INCLUYA LA S SI
ES NECESARIO EN LAS TERCERAS PERSONAS (SHE/HE /IT)
a. (never/ cook/ Clare/ on the weekends)
_________________________________________________________
b. ( usually/ Charlotte and Joshua/ to the cinema/ go to)
_________________________________________________________
c. ( twice a week/ Samuel/ his car/ wash)
_________________________________________________________
d. ( Patrick/ late/ to be / always)
_________________________________________________________
e. ( buy / Linda / clothes / three times a year)
_________________________________________________________
f. ( tennis / play / Sophia / sometimes)
_________________________________________________________


36

II. RESPONDA LAS SIGUIENTES PREGUNTAS CON SU PROPIA RESPUESTA. UTILICE
LOS ADVERBIOS DE FRECUENCIA.
1. How often do you take a shower? _______________________________
2. How often does your best friend talk to you? __________________________
3. How often do you wake up early? ___________________________________
4. How often do you eat out? ________________________________________
5. How often do you watch T.V? ______________________________________
6. How often do you go to the disco? ___________________________________

III. IDENTIFIQUE EL ERROR Y CORRJALO:
1. I go sometimes to the disco. _______________________________
2. They never are on time. _______________________________
3. We cook one time a week. _______________________________
4. She sometimes study French. _______________________________
5. He doesnt never eats fast food. _______________________________
OBJECT PRONOUNS

El pronombre de objeto sustituye al nombre y por lo general va despus de un verbo.

Ejemplo:

Richard loves (Katherine) Richard loves her. Richard la ama.

Los pronombres de objeto son los siguientes:





Lucy me ama a m.









EJ ERCICI O 16
I. COLOQUE LAS SIGUIENTES FRASES EN UNA FORMA ORDENADA
SUJETO VERBO PRONOMBRE
DE OBJETO
TRADUCCIN




Lucy




loves
me a mi
you a ti
him a l
her a ella
it a t
you a ti
us a nosotros
them a ellos


37
a. ( helps / Lucy/ every day/ them)
__________________________________________________
b. (her/ Tony / likes / very much)
__________________________________________________
c. ( Bob/ it/ doesnt understand)
__________________________________________________
d. ( me/ calls/ my mum/ once a week)
__________________________________________________
e. ( on the weekends/ see/ him/ I )
___________________________________________________


II. REEMPLACE EL NOMBRE QUE SE ENCUENTRA EN NEGRILLA CON EL
PRONOMBRE DE OBJETO CORRECTO, OBSERVE EL CUADRO DE ARRIBA.

a. Alice always invites Thomas to her house.
________________________________________________________
b. Andrew likes pizza a lot.
________________________________________________________
c. Joseph visits Claudia every Friday.
________________________________________________________
d. Richard doesnt know Charles and Victor.
________________________________________________________
e. I love my children.
________________________________________________________

III. ENCUENTRE EL ERROR EN LA ORACION Y CORRIJA LA PALABRA.
1. Peter likes their. ______________________________
2. Margaret sends his some letters. _____________________________
3. Tina gives I money. ______________________________
4. Andrea helps we with our homework. _____________________________
5. Homer doesnt understand your. _______________________________











38






UNIT FIVE
SIMPLE PRESENT
NEGATIVE SENTENCES/ ORACIONES NEGATIVAS
Para formar las oraciones negativas en el presente simple se necesita del auxiliar dont o
doesnt antes del verbo.
A continuacin revisemos el siguiente cuadro:

PRESENTE SIMPLE: ORACIONES
NEGATIVAS
I
do not don't





work.
You
He

does not doesn't
She
It


39
We

do not don't
You
They

I dont work. (Yo no trabajo)

Observe que al usar: I, you, we, they utilizamos el auxiliar dont + verbo.
Ejemplo:
I do not have a son. = I dont have a son. (Yo no tengo un hijo.)
Mientras que al usar he, she o it utilizamos el auxiliar doesnt + la forma base del
verbo (sin aadir la s). As, entonces tenemos:
Oracin afirmativa: She works in a bank. (Ella trabaja en un banco)
Oracin negativa: She doesnt work in a bank. (Ella no trabaja en un banco)


QUESTIONS / PREGUNTAS
Yes/ no Questions/ Preguntas de si/no

Para formar preguntas, se debe usar auxiliares. DO y DOES son los auxiliares que se usan
en presente simple y, como en los negativos, DOES es solamente para la tercera persona.
En el siguiente cuadro, podr observar que lo nico que se hace para formar una pregunta
en el presente simple en ingls es aadir el auxiliar correspondiente al frente del sujeto. El
verbo de la tercera persona (HE, SHE, IT) va en su forma bsica, no se debe aadir la s
como en las oraciones afirmativas.

AUXILIARY SUBJECT
PRONOUN
VERB COMPLEMENT SHORT ANSWERS
Do I work in a supermarket? Yes, you do/ No, you dont.
Do you work 8 hours a day? Yes, I do/ No, I dont
Does he work in a project? Yes, he does/ No, he doesnt
Does she work for my father? Yes, she does/ No, she
doesnt
Does it work hard? Yes, it does./ No, it doesnt
Do we work for UNESCO? Yes, you do / No, you dont
Do you work hard to earn good money? Yes, we do / No, we dont
Do they work in a factory? Yes, they do/ No, they dont



40
Information Questions/ Preguntas Informativas

Preguntas de informacin quieren decir el tipo de preguntas que se hacen para obtener algn
tipo de informacin especfica, no solamente si o no como las preguntas estudiadas
anteriormente. Para realizar este tipo de pregunta es necesario saber el significado de las
palabras que nos permiten realizarlas:
WHAT qu
WHERE dnde
WHERE FROM de dnde
WHEN cundo
WHICH cul/ cules
WHY por qu
HOW cmo
HOW OLD cuntos aos
HOW OFTEN con qu frecuencia
WHAT TIME qu hora/ a qu hora


Observe el siguiente cuadro:

QUESTION
WORD
AUXILIARY SUBJECT
PRONOUNS
VERB COMPLEMENT ANSWER
What time do I start school? at 8!

Where do you have
lunch
every day? at the cafeteria
Why does he arrive late every day? I don't know.

How often does she go to the gym? every Saturday.

Who does it come with? his owner.

When do we take the final exams? next week.

What do you buy for Christmas? presents for
everybody.

How do they come to school? by car.


Como se puede dar cuenta, para la pregunta informativa tambin se usan auxiliares en la
misma posicin y lo nico que se hace es aadir las palabras interrogativas al inicio de la
misma.
Mire el siguiente ejemplo:
The children play soccer in the park every day at 7 p.m.
Si quisiera preguntar, qu juegan los nios:
What do the children play?
Si la pregunta es con qu frecuencia juegan futbol los nios
How often do the children play soccer?


41
Si quisiera preguntar a qu hora juegan los nios futbol:
What time do the children play soccer?

Mire el siguiente ejemplo:

Lady Gaga sings in enormous usually at night.

Si quisiera preguntar en dnde canta Lady Gaga:
Where does Lady Gaga sing?
A qu hora usualmente canta:
What time does she usually sing?
EJ ERCICI O 17
I. CON EL MISMO VERBO DE LA PRIMERA ORACIN COMPLETE LA SEGUNDA
ORACIN PERO EN FORMA NEGATIVA.
1. He likes to go Shopping but she ____________ to drive to the mall.
2. She creates very interesting works of art. He ___________ anything interesting.
3. They enjoy playing tennis with their children but the other couple ___________ it.
4. She likes to wear leather clothes but her daughter ___________ it.
5. She drives a brand new car. Her brother ___________ one.

II. TRANSFORME LAS SIGUENTES ORACIONES A NEGATIVAS.

1. She writes for an important newspaper. _______________________________.
2. They come to classes on Saturdays._________________________________.
3. In the afternoon my boss has a sandwich. _____________________________.
4. Her parents still give her Money. ____________________________________.
5. I agree with you. __________________________________________________.
6. This secretary types a lot of letters. ___________________________________.
7. My children speak three languages. __________________________________
8. George pays the bills every Friday. _________________________________
9. His cousin does his homework in the evenings. __________________________
10. Albert and Thomas play soccer very well. ____________________________

III. DE LA SIGUIENTE ORACIN, ESCRIBA LA ORACIN NEGATIVA, PREGUNTA DE SI Y
NO Y PREGUNTAS PARA QUE LAS PALABRAS SUBRAYADAS SEAN LA RESPUESTA.

Ejemplo:

He cleans his house every weekend after lunch.
Oracin Negativa: He doesnt clean his house every day after lunch.
Pregunta de Si y No: Does he clean his house every day after lunch?
Pregunta/ respuesta, his house: What does he clean every weekend after lunch?
Pregunta/ respuesta, every weekend: How often does he clean his house?

1. Peter comes to school after work.
Oracin Negativa: _____________________________________________
Pregunta de si y no: ____________________________________________
Pregunta/ respuesta: to school:________________________________________
Pregunta/ respuesta: after work:_______________________________________


42

2. Karinas children go to the movies on the weekend.
Oracin Negativa: ___________________________________________
Pregunta de si y no: _______________________________________
Pregunta/ respuesta: to the movies: ____________________________________
Pregunta/ respuesta: on the weekend: ___________________________________

3. My father feeds the dog in the mornings.
Oracin Negativa: ___________________________________________
Pregunta de si y no: _______________________________________
Pregunta/ respuesta: the dog: ______________________________________
Pregunta/ respuesta: in the mornings:___________________________________



4. The secretary types four of letters every day.
Oracin Negativa: ___________________________________________
Pregunta de si y no: ______________________________________
Pregunta/ respuesta: four ___________________________________________
Pregunta/ respuesta: every day: ________________________________________

5. Sarah wakes up at 9:00 a.m on the weekends.
Oracin Negativa: __________________________________________________
Pregunta de si y no: _________________________________________________
Pregunta/ respuesta: 9:00 a.m _________________________________________
Pregunta/ respuesta: on the weekends. __________________________________

6. He works on the weekends because he needs money to pay his car.
Oracin Negativa: ___________________________________________________
Pregunta de si y no: _________________________________________________
Pregunta/ respuesta: on the weekends___________________________________
Pregunta/ respuesta: because he needs money to pay his car ________________
__________________________________________________________________

IV. ANTES DE REALIZAR ESTE EJERCICIO REVISE LA UNIDAD CINCO. COMPLETE LAS
SIGUIENTES ORACIONES CON LA FORMA CORRECTA DEL VERBO ENTRE
PARNTESIS.

1. Patrick ____________ (want) to come with us on our trip.
2. Mary ___________ (not travel) to her hometown every weekend.
3. _______ your parents _________ (cook) dinner together every day?


43
4. Every Saturday the students _________ (come) to school.
5. _________Carla _________ (live) with her daughter in a small apartment?
6. _______ you _______( work) on the weekends?
7. If you want to be healthy, you ___________ (need) to drink a lot of water.
8. Jennifer _________ (not like) to plan her vacations.
9. The bank and the store next to my house __________ (close) at 5 p.m.
10. _______ your sister __________ (do) her homework very late at night?

VERBS AS A COMPLEMENT, AND,
BUT, SO, BECAUSE

Las siguientes conjunciones (and, but, so, because) sirven para conectar ideas. A
continuacin detallaremos cada una de ellas.
AND: Une dos ideas que se encuentran relacionadas:
Ejemplo: I like tea and she likes coffee. (A m me gusta el t y a ella le gusta el caf)
BUT: Une una idea positiva y una negativa.
Ejemplo: I like soccer, but I dont like tennis. (Me gusta el ftbol pero no me gusta el
tennis.)
SO: Expresa un resultado
Ejemplo: I need money so I have to go to the bank. ( Necesito dinero , por lo tanto,
tengo que ir al banco)
BECAUSE: Expresa una razn.
Ejemplo: I study because I want to have a good exam. ( Estudio porque quiero
tener un buen examen)
EJ ERCICI O 18
I. COLOQUE BUT O SO EN LOS SIGUIENTES ESPACIOS, SELECCIONE LA
CONJUNCION QUE DE SENTIDO A LA ORACION

1. She usually studies hard,




2. She is British


___ she doesnt understand.
___ she is learning a lot.
___ she speaks English.
___ she lives in Portugal.


44



3. He is a doctor



4. She plays soccer




5. Sarah loves apples


II. COLOQUE AND, BUT , SO O BECAUSE EN LAS SIGUIENTES ORACIONES
a. I need to study _________ I have an exam tomorrow.
b. She lives in France ______ she doesnt speak French very well.
c. They play golf ______ tennis.
d. Andrea knows how to cook______ she can prepare dinner tonight.
e. Matthew goes jogging every day, _______ he is in good shape.

III. COMPLETE LAS SIGUIENTES ORACIONES:
a. My brother studies Japanese because __________________________
b. I am very busy so ___________________________________________
c. Sally doesnt like broccoli, but________________________________
d. I want to go to Egypt, but ________________________________
e. I like dogs so _________________________________















___ he works in a hospital.
___ he doesnt like his job.
___ she goes to the stadium very often.
___ she doesnt like basketball.
___ she doesnt like oranges.
___ she drinks apple juice a lot .


45












RESPUESTA DE LOS EJERCICIOS
UNIT ONE
EJERCICIO 1
I.
1. am
2. is
3. is
4. is
5. are
6. is
7. is
8. is
II.
1. She is from Venezuela.
2. It is cold today.
3. I am thirty years old.
4. Her name is Jennifer.
5. My homework is very difficult.

III.
Las siguientes respuestas es de un sujeto X, las respuestas que Ud. escribi deben estar
relacionadas a Ud.
1. I am twenty five years old.
2. I am an engineer.
3. I am tall and handsome.
4. I am in my bedroom.
5. I am from Tulcn.

EJERCICIO 2
I.
1. The car isnt in the garage.
2. Im not an assistant.
3. Karina isnt my friend.
4. The teachers arent late.
5. It isnt my book.
II.
1. Im not a doctor.
2. Im not 40 years old.
3. Im not lazy.
4. Im not Colombian.


46
5. Im not in class.

EJERCICIO 3
I.
1. Carmen isnt my mother.
Is Carmen your mother?
Yes, she is/ No, she isnt
2. His house isnt far away.
Is his house far away?
Yes, it is/ No, it isnt
3. The flowers arent beautiful.
Are the flowers beautiful?
Yes, they are/ No, they arent
4. Im not a successful student.
Are you a successful student?
Yes, I am/ No, Im not
II.
1. Are you Peruvian?
2. Are you a student?
3. Are you thirty years old?
4. Is your mother Ecuadorian?
5. Is your university good?

III. Dependiendo de su realidad, las repuestas pueden ser:
1. Yes, I am/ No, Im not.
2. Yes, I am/ No, Im not.
3. Yes, I am/ No, Im not.
4. Yes, he is/ No, he isnt.

EJERCICIO 4
I.
A AN
elephant
example
orange
aunt
umbrella
accountant
eraser
architect
apple
idea
job
horse
pencil
dictionary
rose
house
wife
teacher
computer
pen
II.
1. a
2. the
3. a
4. the
5. an
6. the
III.
a. an
b. an
c. a the
d. a
e. an
f. an


47
g. a
h. an
i. an the
j. an - the

EJERCICIO 5
I.
a. mice
b. people
c. geese
d. feet
e. oxen
II.
1. flowers
2. dishes
3. doors
4. bushes
5. tomatoes
6. wives
7. dog
8. chairs
9. babies
10. folders
III.
a. children
b. box
c. bus
d. people
e. mice
f. countries
g. tomatoes
h. watch
i. glasses
j. church

UNIT TWO

EJERCICIO 6
I.
1. c
2. a
3. b
4. a
5. c
6. c
7. b
8. c
9. b
10. c
II.
1. Is the answer in the book?
Where is the answer?
2. Are your friends good professionals?
What are your friends?
3. Is the secretary efficient?


48
How is the secretary?
4. Is it 9:30 a.m?
What time is it?
5. Is Sophia in Argentina?
Where is Sophia?
6. Is that man your brother?
Who is that man?
7. Is Valentines Day on February 14
th
?
When is Valentines Day?
8. Is Samantha from Brazil?
Where is Samantha from?
9. Is Christian eighteen years old?
How old is Christian?
10. Are you happy because your dog is better?
Why are you happy?

EJERCICIO 7
I.
1. my
2. her
3. their
4. our
5. his

II.
1. her
2. our
3. his
4. their
5. its
6. his
7. her
8. your
9. its
10. my

III.
1. his
2. his wife
3. their phone number
4. her name
5. my keys

EJERCICIO 8
I.
1. a
2. b
3. b
4. a
5. c

II.
1. Mr. Browns car
2. My cousins house
3. My parents business
4. The door of the car


49
5. Tinas children

III.
1. Kens suit
2. the window of the classroom
3. Mrs. Clarks son
4. my brothers birthday
5. the students books

EJERCICIO 9
I.
1. yours
2. hers
3. theirs
4. mine
5. his
6. yours
7. ours
8. hers
9. theirs
10. ours

II.
POSSESSIVE CASES POSSESSIVE
ADJECTIVES
POSSESSIVE
PRONOUNS
Its Susans cat. It is her cat. It is hers.
Its Kevins computer. It is his computer. It is his.
Those are John and
Carlas books.
Those are their books. Those books are
theirs.
These are Tinas
dresses.
These are her dresses. These dresses are
hers.
Thats the dogs food. That is its food. That food is its.
They are Sofias
pencils.
They are her pencils. They are hers.


III.
1. their
2. her
3. theirs
4. hers
5. its
6. her
7. his
8. mine
9. theirs
10. his

EJERCICIO 10
I.
a. whose
b. Who
c. Whose
d. Who
e. Whose
II.


50
a. Whose pens are those?
b. Whose dress is that?
c. Whose shoes are they?
d. Whose books are they?
e. Whose suit is it?
III.
1. It is Roses car.
2. It is Richards radio.
3. It is Susans computer
4. It is Stevens pen.
5. They are the childrens crayons
6. They are these students erasers.
7. They are Peters gloves.
8. They are Roy and Sues bags.
9. They are the girls rings.
10. It is my grandfathers watch.

EJERCICIO 11
I.
a. Those
b. That
c. This
d. These
e. That
f. This
g. Those
h. these
i. that
j. those
k. these
l. those

II.
b. Those computers are old
c. These dictionaries are big.
d. Those cars are new.
e. These children are intelligent.
f. Those countries are big.

III.
a. This candy is sweet.
b. That picture is small.
c. This person is kind.
d. That desk is dirty.
e. This knife is sharp.

IV.
a. those
b. these
c. those
d. this
e. that/this

UNIT THREE



51
EJERCICIO 12
I.
1. - b. Are there
2. - b. Is there
3.- c. There arent
4.- d. There is
5.- a. There are

II.
1. There is
2. There are
3. There is
4. There are
5. There are
6. There are

III.
1. Yes, there is
2. Yes, there are.
3. Yes, there is.
4. No, there isnt.
5. No, there arent.

EJERCICIO 13
I.
1. The cat is under the table
2. The tree is behind the house.
3. The airplane is on the air.
4. The old woman is in front of the piano.
5. The cars are in the parking lot.
6. The phone is on the table.
7. The clock is on the wall.
8. The sink is in the bathroom.
9. The lamp is on the night table.
10. The plant is next to the piano.
11. Paul is in front of Anna.
12. The cars are on the road.

II.
1. INCORRECT The cat is on the table.
2. CORRECT ( )
3. INCORRECT The woman is in front of the computer.
4. CORRECT ( )
5. INCORRECT The pictures are on the wall.

III.
a. on
b. in
c. in
d. on
e. on

UNIT FOUR

EJERCICIO 14


52
I.
sing sings
pass passes
mix mixes
fly flies
read reads








II. a. They cook a delicious soup
b. He plays soccer.
c. Sofia uses the computer.
d. They wash a car.
e. She cleans the windows.
f. She sleeps on the bed.
g. The boy drinks milk.
h. The girl swims in the pool.
i. The man reads the newspaper.

III. e- 1
h-2
f-3
i-4
d-5
g-6
c-7
b-8
j-9
a-10

IV. a. Robert has two children.
b. My dog plays with a ball.
c. Katys parents sell vegetables.
d. My daughter reads science fiction books.
e. Adele goes to the park on weekends.
f. Alexandra and Tom buy organic food on Saturdays.
g. Brians horse loves carrots and apples.
h. I take a shower every day.
i. Brendas friends live near.
j. Isabel writes interesting novels.

V.
a. washes
b. rains
c. eat
d. starts
e. speak
f. does
g. hate
h. sleeps
do does
play plays
cry cries
have has
carry carries
relax relaxes
understand understands
study studies
swim swims
go goes


53
i. like
j. swims

VI. LAS RESPUESTAS CORRECTAS SON:
1.b
2. a
3. a
4.b
5. a
6. b
7. a
8.a
9. a
10. b

VII. LAS RESPUESTAS PUEDEN VARIAR
a. I like working here
b. I dislike broccoli.
c. I love French fries.
d. I hate rats.
e. I prefer coffee.

EJERCICIO 15
I.
1. Clare never cooks on the weekends.
2. Charlotte and Joshua usually go to the cinema.
3. Samuel washes his car twice a week.
4. Patrick is always late.
5. Sophia sometimes plays tennis.

II.

Las respuestas van a variar. Posibles respuestas.
1. I always take a shower.
2. He talks to me every weekend.
3. I usually wake up early.
4. I eat out every weekend.
5. I watch T.V. three times a week.
6. I go to the disco once a month.


III. IDENTIFIQUE EL ERROR Y CORRJALO:
1. I sometimes go to the disco.
2. They are never on time.
3. We cook once a week.
4. She sometimes studies French.
5. He never eats fast food.

EJERCICIO 16

I.
1. Lucy helps them every day.
2. Tony likes her very much.
3. Bob doesnt understand it.
4. My mum calls me once a week.
5. I see him on the weekends.


54

II.
a. Alice always invites him to her house.
b. Andrew likes it a lot.
c. Joseph visits her every Friday.
d. Richard doesnt know them.
e. I love them.

III.
1. Peter likes them.
2. Margaret sends him some letters.
3. Tina gives me money.
4. Andrea helps us with our homework.
5. Homer doesnt understand you.

UNIT FIVE

EJERCICIO 17
I.
1. doesnt like
2. doesnt create
3. dont enjoy
4. doesnt like
5. doesnt drive
II.
1. She doesnt write for an important newspaper.
2. They dont come to classes on Saturdays.
3. In the afternoon my boss doesnt have a sandwich.
4. Her parents dont give her money.
5. I dont agree with you.
6. This secretary doesnt type a lot of letters.
7. My children dont speak three languages.
8. George doesnt pay the bills every Friday.
9. His cousin doesnt do his homework in the evenings.
10. Albert and Thomas dont play soccer very well.

III.
1. Peter doesnt come to school after work.
Does Peter come to school after work?
Where does Peter come after work?
When does Peter come to school?

2. Karinas children dont go to the movies on the weekend.
Do Karinas children go to the movies on the weekend?
Where do Karinas children go on the weekend?
When do Karinas children go to the movies?

3. My father doesnt feed the dog in the mornings.
Does your father feed the dog in the mornings?
What/ Who does your father feed in the mornings?
When does your father feed the dog?

4. The secretary doesnt type a lot of letters every day.
Does the secretary type a lot of letters every day?
How many letters does the secretary type every day?


55
How often does the secretary type a lot of letters?

5. Sarah doesnt wake up at 9:00 a.m on the weekends.
Does Sarah wake up at 9:00 a.m. on the weekends?
What time does Sarah wake up on the weekends?
When does Sarah wake up at 9:00 a.m.?

6. He doesnt work on the weekends because he doesnt need money to pay his car.
Does he work on the weekends because he needs money to pay his car?
When does he work?
Why does he work?
IV.
1. wants
2 doesnt travel
3. Do - cook
4. come
5. Does- live
6. Do - work
7. need
8. doesnt like
9. close
10. Does do


EJERCICIO 18
I.
1. but
so
2. so
but
3. so
but
4. so
but
5. but
so

II.
a. because
b. but
c. and
d. so
e. so

III. LAS RESPUESTAS PUEDEN VARIAR. POSIBLES RESPUESTAS.

a. because he wants to go to Japan.
b. so I cant go to the cinema
c. but she likes lettuce
d. but I dont have money.
e. so I have one at home