Está en la página 1de 46

Acompañamiento psicológico

y terapia psicológica
&TUFBSUÓDVMPGVFFMBCPSBEPQPS1JMBS3BąP QTJDPUFSBQFVUBDPOFYUFOTBUSBZFDUPSJBFOMB
BUFODJØOQTJDPMØHJDBBQFSTPOBTBGFDUBEBTQPSMBWJPMFODJBQPMÓUJDBFOFM1FSÞ RVJFOIB
FMBCPSBEPBĆEÈWJUQBSBMB$PSUF*OUFSBNFSJDBOBEF%FSFDIPT)VNBOPT$POUØDPOMPT
BQPSUFTEF$BSNFO8VSTU 1JMBS"HVJMBS FMFRVJQPEFM$FOUSPEF"UFODJØO1TJDPTPDJBM
$"14 Z.BSÓB«OHFMB$ÈOFQB-BWFSTJØOEFmOJUJWBBRVÓQVCMJDBEBJNQMJDØBTJNJT
NPMPTBQPSUFTEFMFRVJQPJOUFSEJTDJQMJOBSJPEFMQSPZFDUP"UFODJØOJOUFHSBMBWÓDUJNBTEF
UPSUVSBEFM**%) BTÓDPNPEFMBTFEJUPSBTEFMBQVCMJDBDJØO
óö

Introducción

&MPCKFUJWPEFMQSFTFOUFBSUÓDVMPFTQSPNPWFSMBDPNQSFOTJØOQPSQBSUFEFMPTKV
SJTUBTWJODVMBEPTBM4JTUFNB*OUFSBNFSJDBOP EFMBJNQPSUBODJBEFMBQPZPQTJDPMØHJ
DPBMBTWÓDUJNBTEFWJPMBDJPOFTHSBWFTEFEFSFDIPTIVNBOPTRVFQSFTFOUFOTVTDBTPT
BOUFFTBTJOTUBODJBT:QPSQBSUFEFMPTQTJDØMPHPT EFMBOFDFTJEBEEFBEPQUBSVOBWJ
TJØOJOUFSEJTDJQMJOBSJBRVFQFSNJUBDPODJMJBSMBFTUSBUFHJBKVSÓEJDBDPOFMBQPZPQTJ
DPMØHJDP
4FQSFUFOEFQSPGVOEJ[BSFOEPTNPEBMJEBEFTEFBQPZPQTJDPMØHJDPFMBDPNQB×B
NJFOUPZMBQTJDPUFSBQJB ZTVWJODVMBDJØODPOMPTNPNFOUPTDSVDJBMFTFOMBCÞTRVFEB
EFMBKVTUJDJBJOUFSOBDJPOBMFMMJUJHJPZFMDVNQMJNJFOUPEFMBTFOUFODJB
$BCFNFODJPOBSRVFMPTBQPSUFTNVMUJEJTDJQMJOBSJPTBMMJUJHJPJOUFSOBDJPOBMIBO
TJEPQPTJCMFTBUSBWÏTEFMPTQFSJUBKFT&OFMDBTPEFMBQTJDPMPHÓB FMQFSJUBKFIBCVT
DBEP NFEJBOUFMBFWBMVBDJØOEFVOBQFSTPOBFYQFSUB JOGPSNBDJØOFTQFDÓmDBTPCSF
MPTEB×PTQTÓRVJDPTTVGSJEPTQPSMBWÓDUJNB QBSBCSJOEBSMBDPNPQSVFCBFOMBGBTFEF
TFOUFODJBTEFSFQBSBDJØOEFMB$PSUF
4JOFNCBSHP MBFYQFSJFODJBDPOMBTWÓDUJNBTZTVTGBNJMJBSFTBMPMBSHPEFMQSPDF
TPEFMJUJHJP IBFWJEFODJBEPRVFFTUFBDFSDBNJFOUPSFTVMUBJOTVmDJFOUF&OFGFDUP MBT
WÓDUJNBTEFMUFSSPSJTNPEF&TUBEPIBOTVGSJEPVOEB×PRVF NBTBMMÈEFMBWJPMBDJØO
BMFKFSDJDJPEFMPTEFSFDIPT IBTVQVFTUPVOBUBRVFBTVJEFOUJEBEZTVCKFUJWJEBE
&TUFIBTJEP KVTUBNFOUF FMPCKFUJWPDFOUSBMRVFIBHVJBEPFMQSPZFDUPi"UFODJØO
QTJDPMØHJDBBWÓDUJNBTEFUPSUVSBFOFM4JTUFNB*OUFSBNFSJDBOPw4FQSFUFOEFRVFFMQF
SJUBKFQTJDPMØHJDP BEFNÈTEFTVTUFOUBSMPTBMFHBUPTKVSÓEJDPTWJODVMBEPTBMBWBMPSBDJØO
EFMEB×PZTVTFGFDUPT PGSF[DBBMBTWÓDUJNBTMBQPTJCJMJEBEEFRVFFMQSPQJPMJUJHJPFO
HFOFSBM ZFMUFTUJNPOJPFOQBSUJDVMBS TFDPOWJFSUBOFOVOQSPDFTPSFQBSBEPS
&TUFOVFWPBCPSEBKFoEFmOJEPFOFMQSPZFDUPDPNPQFSJUBKFBDPNQB×BNJFOUPo
EFNBOEBVOBSFMBDJØOEFNBZPSEVSBDJØOFJOUFOTJEBE EFNPEPRVFQFSNJUBJOEB
HBSMPTFGFDUPTEFFTUBTHSBWFTWJPMBDJPOFT QFSPUBNCJÏO DPOUFOFSMBTEJWFSTBTFNP
DJPOFT UFNPSFTFJORVJFUVEFTRVFMPTQSPDFTPTKVSÓEJDPTEFTQJFSUBOFOMBTWÓDUJNBTZ
TVTGBNJMJBSFT
ó÷ Instituto Interamericano de Derechos Humanos

%FOUSPEFMNBSDPEFMQSPZFDUPNFODJPOBEP FTUFBSUÓDVMPTFQSPQPOFQSFDJTBSMP
RVFTFFOUJFOEFQPSBDPNQB×BNJFOUPQTJDPMØHJDPZQPSQTJDPUFSBQJBFORVÏTFEJGF
SFODJBOFOUSFTÓ RVÏPCKFUJWPTQFSTJHVFOZFORVÏNPNFOUPTTFQSPEVDFDBEBVOPEF
FTUPTBQPZPTBMBTWÓDUJNBT
&MQSJNFSPFTUÈEFTUJOBEPBMBDPOUFODJØOEFMBTFNPDJPOFTZTFOUJNJFOUPTEFMBT
WÓDUJNBTEVSBOUFFMQSPDFTPUBOUPEFMQFSJUBKFDPNPEFMBTBVEJFODJBT
&MTFHVOEPDPOTUJUVZFVOUSBUBNJFOUPFTQFDJBMJ[BEPRVFMBTFOUFODJBEFMUSJCV
OBMQVFEFDPOUFNQMBSDPNPVOBEFMBTWÓBTEFSFQBSBDJØOQTJDPMØHJDBDVBOEPFTTP
MJDJUBEBQPSMBTWÓDUJNBTMBNJTNBQVFEFUFOFSVOBMDBODFJOEJWJEVBM HSVQBMZDP
NVOJUBSJP
4FFOGBUJ[BSÈOMBTEJGFSFODJBTFOUSFFTUPTEPTDPODFQUPTQBSBQFSNJUJSMBDPNQSFO
TJØOEFTVTFTQFDJmDJEBEFTQPSQBSUFEFMBTQFSTPOBTOPGBNJMJBSJ[BEBTDPOMBQFSTQFD
UJWBQTJDPMØHJDB QVFTQFSUFOFDFOBEPTÈNCJUPTEJTUJOUPTZQFSTJHVFOPCKFUJWPTEJGF
SFOUFT&MQSJNFSPMFQSFTUBBQPZPBMMJUJHJPZFTJNQPSUBOUFFOTÓNJTNP QBSBRVFMBT
QFSTPOBTBGFDUBEBTOPTFWFBOSFWJDUJNJ[BEBTEVSBOUFFMQSPDFTP5SBTMBEPMPSPTBFY
QFSJFODJBEFMBJNQVOJEBEEVSBOUFMPTB×PTRVFUBSEBSPOFOBHPUBSTFMPTSFDVSTPTJO
UFSOPT MBTWÓDUJNBTEFCFOSFWJWJSMPTIFDIPTUSBVNÈUJDPT UBOUPFOMBTFOUSFWJTUBTFGFD
UVBEBTQBSBMBSFBMJ[BDJØOEFMQFSJUBKFDPNPEVSBOUFUPEPFMQSPDFTPMMFWBEPBDBCPFO
MB$PSUF%FBIÓMBJNQPSUBODJBEFMTPQPSUFQTJDPMØHJDPEFMBDPNQB×BNJFOUP
4JOFNCBSHP FTUPOPEFCFTVTDJUBSMBDSFFODJBEFRVFFMBDPNQB×BNJFOUPFTTV
mDJFOUFQBSBTBUJTGBDFSUPEPTMPTSFRVFSJNJFOUPTEFSFQBSBDJØORVFBMCFSHBOMBTWÓDUJ
NBT ZBRVFVOBWF[BDBCBEPFMMJUJHJPTFFOGSFOUBOBMSFUPEFSFDPOTUSVJSTVTWJEBT
&ONVDIPTDBTPTTFSÈOFDFTBSJPFMTFHVOEPBQPZP EFNBZPSBMDBODFZQSPGVOEJEBE 
RVFEFCFTFSMFHJUJNBEPBQBSUJSEFMBTTFOUFODJBTEFSFQBSBDJPOFT&OFTFTFOUJEP FT
UFBSUÓDVMPUBNCJÏOQSFUFOEFBQPSUBSFMFNFOUPTBMPTJOUFHSBOUFTEFMPTØSHBOPTEF
QSPUFDDJØOTPCSFMBJNQPSUBODJBEFJODPSQPSBSMPTQSPDFTPTEFQTJDPUFSBQJBZMPTBQP
ZPTQTJDPTPDJBMFTDPNPNFEJEBTEFSFQBSBDJØO
/PTFQSFUFOEFPGSFDFSGØSNVMBTPJOEJDBDJPOFTUÏDOJDBTRVFGVODJPOFODPNPSF
DFUBTFTUBOEBSJ[BEBTQBSBUPEBTMBTQFSTPOBT HSVQPTPDPNVOJEBEFT4FCVTDBDPN
QBSUJSBMHVOBTFOTF×BO[BTZBQSFOEJ[BKFTBERVJSJEPTBUSBWÏTEFMBQSÈDUJDBQSPGFTJP
OBMFOFMQFSJUBKFZBDPNQB×BNJFOUPEFWÓDUJNBTEFWJPMBDJPOFTEFEFSFDIPTIVNBOPT 
UBOUPBOJWFMOBDJPOBMDPNPJOUFSOBDJPOBM
Acompañamiento psicológico y terapia psicológica óø

Acompañamiento psicológico

$PODFQUP

"DPNQB×BSFTiFTUBSBMMBEPEFw CSJOEBSBQPZPIVNBOPRVFSFDPOGPSUBZBMJWJB
&TOPEFKBSBMBQFSTPOBTPMBDPOFMQSPCMFNB TJOPDPNQBSUJSDPOFMMBFMEPMPSRVFTV
GSF&TUBBDDJØOJODMVZFFTDVDIBSBUFOUBNFOUF EFKBSIBCMBSZQFSNJUJSRVFFMTJMFODJP
UFOHBTVMVHBSFOBRVFMMPTQSPCMFNBT TJUVBDJPOFTZQSFHVOUBTRVF BOUFFMEPMPSZMB
USJTUF[B SFTVMUBOJOEFDJCMFT&MBDPNQB×BOUFTFCSJOEBDPNPVOTFNFKBOUFRVFTPT
UJFOFBMPUSP FOFMTFOUJEPEFPGSFDFSVOBQSFTFODJBJNQMJDBEBZDPNQSPNFUJEB
1PSQTJDPMØHJDPFOUFOEFNPTRVFFMBDPNQB×BNJFOUPFTUÈEJSJHJEPBMPTQSPCMF
NBTQTÓRVJDPT FNPDJPOBMFTZFTQJSJUVBMFT&OFMDBTPEFMBTWÓDUJNBTEFUPSUVSB FTUF
BDPNQB×BNJFOUPEFCFTFSFTQFDJBMJ[BEP UPNBOEPNVZFODVFOUBFMDBSÈDUFSTPDJBM
EFMBUPSUVSBQPSSFQSFTJØOQPMÓUJDB
$POWJFOFBDMBSBSRVFFOFMQSFTFOUFDPOUFYUPOPTFUSBUBEFMBDPNQB×BNJFOUPUF
SBQÏVUJDPRVFTVFMFEBSTFBQBDJFOUFTRVFTVGSFOHSBWFTQFSUVSCBDJPOFTJOEJWJEVBMFTZ
OFDFTJUBOVOUSBUBNJFOUPDMÓOJDP.ÈTCJFOTFQMBOUFBVOUJQPFTQFDÓmDPEFQSFTFO
DJBQSPGFTJPOBMRVFBDPNQB×FBQFSTPOBTRVFIBOQBEFDJEPMBWJPMFODJBQPSFMBCV
TPFOFMFKFSDJDJPEFMQPEFS DVZPTQBEFDJNJFOUPTQSPWJFOFOFTFODJBMNFOUFEFMBFTGF
SBTPDJPQPMÓUJDB"FTUFÞUJNPTFMFEFOPNJOBSÈiBDPNQB×BNJFOUPQTJDPMØHJDPw QBSB
EJGFSFODJBSMPEFMiBDPNQB×BNJFOUPUFSBQÏVUJDPwUSBEJDJPOBM
&MmOQSJNPSEJBMEFMBDPNQB×BNJFOUPFT QPSVOMBEP MBDPOUFODJØOZFMTPTUFOJ
NJFOUP RVFJNQMJDBBZVEBSBMBWÓDUJNBDPOUSBMBJSSVQDJØOEFMPTQSPQJPTJNQVMTPTZ
TFOUJNJFOUPT WPMWJFOEPTVNVOEPJOUFSOPNÈTNBOFKBCMF EFNBOFSBRVFQVFEBSF
HVMBSTVTSFBDDJPOFTGÓTJDBTZQTÓRVJDBTEVSBOUFTVTBDUVBDJPOFTBMPMBSHPEFMQSPDFTP
EFMMJUJHJP:QPSPUSP FMGPSUBMFDJNJFOUPEFMBWÓDUJNB RVFTVQPOFSFBmSNBSTVWB
MPSZTVTEFSFDIPTDPNPTFSIVNBOP EFNBOFSBRVFSFDVQFSFMBBVUPFTUJNBZMBDPO
mBO[BFOTVTQSPQJPTSFDVSTPT4FUJFOFRVFSFDPOPDFSZBDFQUBSFMFTUBEPWVMOFSBCMF
FORVFTFFODVFOUSBOMPTBGFDUBEPTZBEBQUBSTFBMSJUNPÞOJDPZPSJHJOBMEFDBEBQFS
TPOBBTÓDPNPBTVTOFDFTJEBEFTFTQFDÓmDBT4VQPOFUBNCJÏODSFBSVODPOUFYUPGBWP
SBCMFQBSBMPTNPNFOUPTEJGÓDJMFTRVFTFWBZBOQSFTFOUBOEPZQPTJCJMJUBSRVFTFWJWBO
DPOFMNFOPSEPMPSZEB×PQPTJCMF"MNJOJNJ[BSFMEPMPSQSPWPDBEPQPSMBFYQFSJFO
DJBRVFTVQPOFMBSFDSFBDJØOEFMPTIFDIPTUSBVNÈUJDPT TFDPOUSJCVZFBQPUFODJBMJ[BS
FMQSPDFTPFOGVODJØOEFMBSFQBSBDJØOEFMBQFSTPOB
ôï Instituto Interamericano de Derechos Humanos

0CKFUJWPTEFMBDPNQB×BNJFOUPQTJDPMØHJDP

t "DPNQB×BSBMBQFSTPOBFOTVTFNPDJPOFTZWJWFODJBTGSFOUFBMBQSPYJNJEBEEF
BMHÞOBDPOUFDJNJFOUPJNQPSUBOUF FYIVNBDJPOFT BVEJFODJBTKVEJDJBMFT QSPDF
TPTEFTPMVDJØOBNJTUPTB FUD ZFOFTQBDJPTHSVQBMFTBDPSUPPNFEJBOPQMB[P B
mOEFFWJUBSMBWJWFODJBÓOUJNBEFTPMFEBEEFRVJFOFTFTUÈOFYQVFTUPTBFYQFSJFO
DJBTUSBVNÈUJDBT

t &TUBCMFDFSVODPOUBDUPIVNBOPSFDPOGPSUBOUFZEJTQPOJCMF

t "TJTUJSMBFOFMEVFMPQPSTVTNÞMUJQMFTQÏSEJEBT TFSFTRVFSJEPT EJHOJEBE JOUFHSJ


EBE JEFOUJEBE EJGFSFOUFTDBQBDJEBEFT FUD 

t $POUFOFSBMBDPNQB×BEPGSFOUFBMPTNJFEPT BOHVTUJBZBOTJFEBE

t &TUBCMFDFSQVFOUFTFOUSFNJFNCSPTEFMBGBNJMJB BCPHBEPT JOTUJUVDJPOFT DPNV


OJEBE FUD

t 5SBOTNJUJSEFVOBGPSNBBEFDVBEBBMBWÓDUJNBMBJOGPSNBDJØORVFMFBDMBSFMB
SFBMJEBERVFFTUÈWJWJFOEP

t "TVNJSBMHVOBTGVODJPOFTRVFFMZPGSBHJMJ[BEPEFMBDPNQB×BEPOPQVFEFEFTB
SSPMMBS

t 1FSDJCJSZSFGPS[BSMPTSFDVSTPTQSPQJPTEFMBDPNQB×BEP BMFOUBOEPFMEFTBSSPMMP


EFTVQSPQJBDBQBDJEBE

t #SJOEBS VO NBSDP EF TFHVSJEBE Z DPOmBO[B QPS FM BDPNQB×BNJFOUP JODPO
EJDJPOBM

t "QPZBSZEBSTVHFSFODJBTQSÈDUJDBTDPNPGBNJMJBSJ[BSTFDPOFMGPSNBUPEFMBTBV
EJFODJBTIBCMBSDPOTVTGBNJMJBSFTEFUFNBTRVFBOUFTOPIBCÓBOUPDBEPZUSBUBS
EFEBSVOBTFDVFODJBNFOUBMBTVSFMBUP
Acompañamiento psicológico y terapia psicológica ôð

"OUFDFEFOUFTEFMBDPNQB×BNJFOUPQTJDPMØHJDP

&OMBIJTUPSJBSFDJFOUFEF"NÏSJDB-BUJOB MBQSFTFODJBDPOTUBOUFEFWJPMFODJBQP
MÓUJDBIBHFOFSBEPSFTQVFTUBTTPMJEBSJBTBOUFFMTVGSJNJFOUPEFMBTWÓDUJNBTZTVTGB
NJMJBSFT DPNPMBDSFBDJØOEFHSVQPTEFBUFODJØOGSFOUFBMPTEJWFSTPTSFRVFSJNJFO
UPTEFBQPZP BUFODJØOTPDJBM NÏEJDBZQTJDPMØHJDB"MQSJODJQJP FTUPTHSVQPTGVFSPO
JOTUJUVDJPOFTEFMB*HMFTJBZ0/(EFEFSFDIPTIVNBOPTMVFHP TFGVFSPOJOUFHSBO
EPFRVJQPTEFTBMVENFOUBMRVFUVWJFSPORVFJOWFOUBSFODBEBQBÓT GPSNBTJOÏEJ
UBTEFFODBSBSMPTQSPCMFNBT ZBRVFTVGPSNBDJØOQSPGFTJPOBMOPIBCÓBDPOUFNQMB
EPFTPTUFNBT
6OBEFMBTGPSNBTBEPQUBEBTIBTJEPFMBDPNQB×BNJFOUPQTJDPMØHJDPBWÓDUJNBT
EFWJPMFODJBQPMÓUJDB BMDPOTJEFSBSMBOFDFTJEBERVFTJFOUFOMBTQFSTPOBTZMPTHSVQPT
EFSFMBUBSTVTFYQFSJFODJBT DPNVOJDBSTVTFNPDJPOFTZTFOUJNJFOUPT CVTDBOEPVOSF
DPOPDJNJFOUPZVOBWBMJEBDJØOTPDJBMEFTVQBSUJDVMBSFYQFSJFODJBEFEPMPS&MBDPN
QB×BNJFOUPTFIBEBEPHFOFSBMNFOUFFOMBTDPNVOJEBEFTEPOEFWJWFOMBTWÓDUJNBTZ
FOFMMPDBMEFMBTJOTUJUVDJPOFT"DUVBMNFOUF FMQSPZFDUPDJUBEPTFQMBOUFBFMEFTBGÓP
EFCSJOEBSUBNCJÏOFTUFBQPZPQTJDPMØHJDPFOFMDPOUFYUPEFMPTUSJCVOBMFTJOUFSOBDJP
OBMFT DPOFMPCKFUJWPQSJNPSEJBMEFRVFFMQSPDFTPTFBSFQBSBEPSZOPSFWJDUJNJ[BOUF
QBSBMBTQFSTPOBTBGFDUBEBTRVFZBIBOTJEPFYQVFTUBTBMEFTHBTUFEFMBJNQVOJEBE

&YQFSJFODJBEFBDPNQB×BNJFOUPQTJDPMØHJDPBOJWFMOBDJPOBM

4JCJFOMBNPEBMJEBEEFBDPNQB×BNJFOUPQTJDPMØHJDPFOFM4JTUFNB*OUFSBNF
SJDBOPFTOPWFEPTB FYJTUFOFYQFSJFODJBTBOUFSJPSFTEFBUFODJØOBWÓDUJNBTEFUPSUVSBT
BOJWFMOBDJPOBM&TUBTQVFEFOTFSVUJMJ[BEBTDPNPSFGFSFODJBQPSMBTQFSTPOBTFYQFS
UBT FOMPTDPOUBDUPTJOJDJBMFTDPOMBTWÓDUJNBTQBSBMBFMBCPSBDJØOEFMQFSJUBKF
$POUPEP EJDIBTFYQFSJFODJBTEFCFOTFSBEBQUBEBTBMBTSFBMJEBEFTDVMUVSBMFTZ
TPDJBMFTBMBEFNBOEBEFMBQPCMBDJØO ZUBNCJÏOBMBOBUVSBMF[BEFMUSBVNBWJWJEP
QPSMBTWÓDUJNBT4FUSBUBEFFYQFSJFODJBTDPMFDUJWBTRVFTJSWFOQBSBDPNQBSUJSFMTV
GSJNJFOUP BTÓDPNPMPTNPEPTQPTJCMFTEFSFDPOTUSVJSFMUFKJEPTPDJBMEB×BEPQPSMB


 /PTSFGFSJNPTBMBSFQSFTJØOQPMÓUJDBFKFSDJEBQPSFM&TUBEP MMBNBEBUBNCJÏOiUFSSPSJTNPEF&TUBEPwRVF
JOUFOUBEFTUSVJSBMPTTVKFUPTRVFJEFOUJmDBDPNPPQPTJUPSFTPEFTFTUBCJMJ[BEPSFTEFMTJTUFNB DPNPVOB
NBOFSBEFEFTUSVJSBMDPMFDUJWPTPDJBM BTÓDPNPBMDPOnJDUPBSNBEPJOUFSOPFOFMRVFTFFOGSFOUBOMBT
GVFS[BTSFQSFTPSBTEFM&TUBEPDPOHSVQPTJOTVSHFOUFT TJFOEPBNCPTWJPMBEPSFTEFEFSFDIPTIVNBOPTBM
FKFSDFSWJPMFODJBDPOUSBMBQPCMBDJØODJWJM
ôñ Instituto Interamericano de Derechos Humanos

WJPMFODJB&TUBTEJGFSFOUFTNPEBMJEBEFTEFBDPNQB×BNJFOUPOPTPOSÓHJEBTZQVF
EFODPNCJOBSTFFOUSFTÓ

Cuadro 1. Modalidades de acompañamiento


en procesos previos a la audiencia o posteriores a la sentencia

5JQPEFJOUFSWFODJØO $PODFQUVBMJ[BDJØO

5BMMFSFT 4POFTQBDJPTEFBDPNQB×BNJFOUP FODVFOUSPZSFnFYJØOTPCSFVOBSFBMJEBE


DPNQBSUJEB4FQVFEFOSFBMJ[BSDVBOEPFOFMDBTPQSFTFOUBEPBOUFMB$PSUF
*%) MBTWJPMBDJPOFTEFMPTEFSFDIPTIVNBOPTIBOTJEPQFSQFUSBEBTFOEJ
WFSTBTDPMFDUJWJEBEFT DBNQFTJOPT MÓEFSFTDPNVOJUBSJPT NVKFSFT EFOUSPEF
VOBDPNVOJEBE-BTUÏDOJDBTVUJMJ[BEBTEFCFOBQPSUBSFMFNFOUPTQSPQJPTEF
DBEBDPMFDUJWJEBE

%JOÈNJDBTEFHSVQP 4PO JOUFSWFODJPOFT EF BDPNQB×BNJFOUP UBOUP B QFSTPOBT BGFDUBEBT QPS MB
WJPMFODJBDPNPBTVTGBNJMJBSFT4VmOBMJEBEFTBQPZBSMBFMBCPSBDJØOEFMB
FYQFSJFODJBUSBVNÈUJDBFOVODPOUFYUPHSVQBMRVFMFTTJSWBEFTPQPSUFFNP
DJPOBM GBDJMJUBOEPMBTPDJBMJ[BDJØOZQSPNPWJFOEPFOUSFFMMPTNJTNPTFMBQP
ZPNVUVP
-BJNQPSUBODJBEFMBDPOUFODJØOEFMHSVQP MPTQPDPTSFDVSTPTQSPGFTJPOBMFT
ZMBEFNBOEBDSFDJFOUFEFBGFDUBEPTRVFTPMJDJUBOBQPZP MMFWBBQSJWJMFHJBSFM
USBCBKPHSVQBMTPCSFFMJOEJWJEVBM

4FTJPOFTEFBDPNQB×B 4POFTQBDJPTQBSBMBTQFSTPOBTRVFUSBCBKBODPOMBTWÓDUJNBT DPOFMPCKFUJWP


NJFOUPBMBTPSHBOJ[B EFQSPQJDJBSFMJOUFSDBNCJPEFFTUBEPTBGFDUJWPTZFMGPSUBMFDJNJFOUPJOTUJUV
DJPOFTEFBGFDUBEPT DJPOBM&TUFUJQPEFJOUFSWFODJØOTFIBDPOTJEFSBEPEFHSBOJNQPSUBODJBQVFT
MBTPSHBOJ[BDJPOFTEFEFSFDIPTIVNBOPTZPUSBTTJNJMBSFTSFDPHFOMBQSPCMF
NÈUJDBEFMBTWÓDUJNBT TVTGBNJMJBSFTZMBDPNVOJEBE ZUSBCBKBOQFSNBOFO
UFNFOUFQPSTVTDBVTBT MPRVFNVDIBTWFDFTMPTMMFWBBVOBTBUVSBDJØOZTP
CSFDBSHBFNPDJPOBM

"DPNQB×BNJFOUP 4POFYQFSJFODJBTEFBDPNQB×BNJFOUPQTJDPMØHJDPBGBNJMJBTRVFJOJDJBOVO
BGBNJMJBT QSPDFTPKVSÓEJDP$POTJTUFFOQSFQBSBSBMBTWÓDUJNBTZGBNJMJBSFT KVSÓEJDBZ
QTJDPMØHJDBNFOUF QBSBBTJTUJSBMPTUSJCVOBMFTJOUFSOBDJPOBMFT DPNPMB$PSUF
*%) BQSFTFOUBSTVDBTP
4FUSBUBEFDPOUFOFSFMEFTCPSEFFNPDJPOBMRVFQSPEVDFFOGSFOUBSMBWFSEBE
KVSÓEJDBQVFTEFTFODBEFOBVOEVFMPQPTUFSHBEP6OPEFMPTEFTBGÓPTEFFT
UBNPEBMJEBEFTMBQPTJCJMJEBEEFFMBCPSBSMPTNPEPTEFSFMBDJØORVFIBCÓBO
TVSHJEPDPNPEFGFOTBZQSPUFDDJØOGSFOUFBMUSBVNB MPHSBOEPRVFMBTGBNJ
MJBTJOUFHSFOFMEPMPSZMBTDBSFODJBTQSPQJDJBOEPBTÓFMEFTBSSPMMPJOUFHSBMEF
TVTNJFNCSPT 


 &RVJQPEF4BMVE.FOUBMEFM$PNJUÏEF%FGFOTBEFMPT%FSFDIPTEFM1VFCMP $0%&16 $IJMF
Acompañamiento psicológico y terapia psicológica ôò

5JQPEFJOUFSWFODJØO $PODFQUVBMJ[BDJØO

"DPNQB×BNJFOUP &OBMHVOPTDBTPTTPOFTQBDJPTEPOEFMPTGBNJMJBSFTEFWFMBOTFDSFUPTMBSHBNFO
BGBNJMJBT UFHVBSEBEPTBMJOUFSJPSEFMBGBNJMJB
DPOUJOVBDJØO 5BNCJÏOTFMFTIBDFWFSMBJNQPSUBODJBRVFQVFEFUFOFSMBTFOUFODJBQBSBPUSPT
DBTPTTJNJMBSFT

"DPNQB×BNJFOUPFO &OFTUBJOUFSWFODJØOFMFRVJQPEFTBMVENFOUBMMPHSBJOTFSUBSTFFOMBDPNVOJ
MBTDPNVOJEBEFT EBEDPOVOBQSFTFODJBQFSNBOFOUFEVSBOUFMBSHPUJFNQP VOB×PQPSFKFNQMP 
QSPQPSDJPOBOEPBEFNÈTBQPZPBPUSPTHSVQPTRVFSFBMJ[BOWJTJUBTQFSJØEJDBT
&ODPOUFYUPTEFMJUJHJPJOUFSOBDJPOBMEFDBTPTEFUPSUVSBZPUSBTWJPMBDJPOFT
HSBWFTBMPTEFSFDIPTIVNBOPT FMPCKFUJWPQSJODJQBMTFSÓBEJGVOEJSMBTTFOUFO
DJBTFOMBTDPNVOJEBEFTZIBCMBSEFMQPUFODJBMRVFUJFOFOMBTTFOUFODJBTEF
DBTPTJOEJWJEVBMFT UBOUPQBSBTVTDPNVOJEBEFTDPNPQBSBPUSPTQPTJCMFTDB
TPTEFUFNÈUJDBTJNJMBS

"DPNQB×BNJFOUPFO &TVOBDPNQB×BNJFOUPQTJDPTPDJBMFOMBEJGÓDJMMBCPSEFMPTQSPDFTPTEFFYIV
MBTFYIVNBDJPOFT NBDJØO$POTJTUFFOCSJOEBSBQPZPQTJDPMØHJDPJOEJWJEVBMZHSVQBMBMPTGBNJ
MJBSFTEFMBTWÓDUJNBTIBDFSEJOÈNJDBTHSVQBMFTDPOMPTSFQSFTFOUBOUFTEFMB
DPNVOJEBEEVSBOUFFMQFSJPEPEFUSBCBKPFOMBNPSHVFZFMBDPNQB×BNJFOUP
EVSBOUFMPTSJUVBMFTGVOFSBSJPT&TUFUJQPEFBDPNQB×BNJFOUPTFQVFEFMMFWBS
BDBCPBOUFT EVSBOUFZEFTQVÏTEFMBTFYIVNBDJPOFT1BSUFEFMBQPZPQVFEF
DPOTJTUJSFOBMHVOBTJOUFSWFODJPOFTFODSJTJT&OFTUFDBTPFTJNQPSUBOUFUSB
CBKBSDPOMBDPNVOJEBEBmOEFBDMBSBSMPTSVNPSFTZMBEJTUPSTJØOEFMBJO
GPSNBDJØORVFTFQSFTFOUBOFOFTUPTQSPDFTPT

"DPNQB×BNJFOUP -BJOUFSWFODJØODPOTJTUFFOFMFTUBCMFDJNJFOUPEFVOWÓODVMPRVFBQVOUBMF
FOFMDPOUFYUPEFMBT FNPDJPOBMNFOUFBMEFDMBSBOUFZTVTGBNJMJBSFTBOUFT EVSBOUFZEFTQVÏTEFMB
$PNJTJPOFTEFMB BVEJFODJB-BTFOUSFWJTUBTQSFWJBTBMBBVEJFODJBQFSNJUFOMBFYQSFTJØO EFTDBS
7FSEBE HBZDJFSUPHSBEPEFFMBCPSBDJØOEFMFWFOUPUSBVNÈUJDP-BTQFSTPOBTTPOBDPN
QB×BEBTQPSMPTNJTNPTUFSBQFVUBTEVSBOUFTVTUFTUJNPOJPT6OBWF[SFBMJ[BEP
FMUFTUJNPOJPTFGBDJMJUBMBEFTDBSHBZFMBCPSBDJØOEFMBGVODJØOSFQBSBUJWBEFMB
BVEJFODJB-BJOUFSWFODJØODPODMVZFDPOMBTEFSJWBDJPOFTOFDFTBSJBT


 1TJDPUFSBQFVUBTEFM$FOUSPEF"UFODJØO1TJDPTPDJBM $"14 1FSÞ
ôó Instituto Interamericano de Derechos Humanos

Acompañamiento en las audiencias públicas del Sistema


Interamericano

"MJOJDJPEFMQSPZFDUPi"QPZPQTJDPMØHJDPBWÓDUJNBTEFUPSUVSBFOFM4JTUFNB
*OUFSBNFSJDBOPw TFQMBOUFØVOBNPEBMJEBEEFBDPNQB×BNJFOUPQTJDPMØHJDPRVFDPO
UFNQMBCBDVBUSPGVODJPOFTGVOEBNFOUBMFTEFTBSSPMMBEBTQPSVONJTNPQSPGFTJPOBM

t "QPZPBMBTWÓDUJNBT
t $PPSEJOBDJØODPOFMÈNCJUPKVSÓEJDP
t &MBCPSBDJØOEFJOGPSNFT
t 4VTUFOUBDJØOEFQFSJUBKFT

4JOFNCBSHP FOFMUSBOTDVSTPEFMBJNQMFNFOUBDJØOEFMQSPZFDUP MBDPNQMFKJEBE


ZQBSUJDVMBSJEBEFTRVFQSFTFOUBCBDBEBDBTPQMBOUFØFMSFUPEFnFYJCJMJ[BSFTBNPEB
MJEBEFJEFBSPUSBTQPTJCMFTGPSNBTEFJOUFSWFODJØOQTJDPMØHJDB%FFTUBNBOFSB TF
GVFEFTBSSPMMBOEPVOBTFSJFEFNPEBMJEBEFTEFBDPNQB×BNJFOUPQTJDPMØHJDPRVFSFT
QPOEÓBOCÈTJDBNFOUFBMBTOFDFTJEBEFTEFMBTWÓDUJNBT BMBFTUSBUFHJBKVSÓEJDBZBMPT
SFRVFSJNJFOUPTQSPQJPTEFDBEBVOBEFMBTUSFTFUBQBTBMPMBSHPEFMBTDVBMFTTFEFT
FOWVFMWFFMQSPDFTP
-BQSJNFSBFUBQBDPOUFNQMBFMBDPNQB×BNJFOUPEVSBOUFMBFMBCPSBDJØOEFMQFSJ
UBKF QPSMPHFOFSBMFOFMQBÓTEFPSJHFOEFMBTWÓDUJNBT-BTFHVOEB JODMVZFMBQSFQB
SBDJØOZQSFTFOUBDJØOEFMPTUFTUJNPOJPTEFMBTWÓDUJNBTPTVTGBNJMJBSFTFOMBTBVEJFO
DJBTQÞCMJDBTEFMB$PSUF:MBUFSDFSB QPSÞMUJNP DPOTUJUVZFFMDJFSSFEFMBTBVEJFODJBT
ZFMTFHVJNJFOUPEFMBTFOUFODJB

1SJNFSBGBTFEFMBDPNQB×BNJFOUPMBFMBCPSBDJØOEFMQFSJUBKF

&MQFSJUBKFFTMBQSVFCBRVFBQPSUBVOBQFSTPOBDPODPOPDJNJFOUPTFTQFDJBMJ[BEPT
FOFMUFNBQBSBBZVEBSBMKVF[BWBMPSBSMBOBUVSBMF[BEFMPTIFDIPT&MQFSJUPQVFEF
TFSOPNCSBEPQPSFMUSJCVOBMPTPMJDJUBEPQPSVOBEFMBTQBSUFT5SBEJDJPOBMNFOUFFM
QFSJUPFTMBWP[EFMBFYQFSUJDJBZEFCFTFSOFVUSBM FOFMTFOUJEPEFOPUFOFSJOUFSÏTEJ
SFDUPPJOEJSFDUPFOFMBTVOUPRVFTFUSBUF-BQFSTPOBRVFIBFTUBEPBDBSHPEFMQF
SJUBKFQTJDPMØHJDPFOMB$PSUF*OUFSBNFSJDBOB FTVOFYQFSUPRVFQVFEFEJGFSFODJBS


 4FQVFEFBNQMJBSFTUFUFNBFO1FSTQFDUJWBJOUFHSBMTPCSFFMQFSJUBKFZFMBDPNQB×BNFOUPQTJDPMØHJDP JODMVJ
EPFOFMMJCSP1SPQVFTUBQTJDPKVSÓEJDBFOFMNBSDPEFFTUFQSPZFDUP
Acompañamiento psicológico y terapia psicológica ôô

FOUSFMBTDBSBDUFSÓTUJDBTQSPQJBTEFMBFTUSVDUVSBEFQFSTPOBMJEBEEFMBWÓDUJNBZMPT
FGFDUPTQSPWPDBEPTQPSMBFYQFSJFODJBUSBVNÈUJDB&OFMNBSDPEFFTUFQSPZFDUP TJO
FNCBSHP TFIBQMBOUFBEPRVFFMQFSJUPOPTPMPTFBVOFYQFSUPRVFMPHSBEFUFSNJOBS
MBTTFDVFMBTEFMBFYQFSJFODJBUSBVNÈUJDBFOMPTBGFDUBEPT TJOPUBNCJÏOFMFTQFDJBMJT
UBRVFMFTCSJOEBFMOFDFTBSJPBDPNQB×BNJFOUPQTJDPMØHJDP
&OFTUBGBTFEFMBDPNQB×BNJFOUP TFIBOVUJMJ[BEPEJWFSTBTFTUSBUFHJBTEFBTJHOB
DJØOEFFTQFDJBMJTUBTQBSBSFBMJ[BSQFSJUBKFTZQSPWFFSBDPNQB×BNJFOUPQTJDPMØHJDP
-BTNPEBMJEBEFTVUJMJ[BEBT IBTUBMBGFDIB TFSFTVNFOFOFMTJHVJFOUFDVBESP

Cuadro 2. Modalidades de acompañamiento durante la elaboración del peritaje

.PEBMJEBE 'VODJPOFT $BTPTRVFFKFNQMJmDBO

6OTPMPQSPGFTJPOBM -BQFSTPOBRVFSFBMJ[BFMQFSJUBKF UBNCJÏO $BTP#VMBDJP


QFSJUPBDPNQB×BOUF FKFSDFGVODJPOFTEFBDPNQB×BNJFOUP $BTP+VBO)VNCFSUP
&OFTUFDBTPEFCFRVFEBSDMBSPRVFFMQFSJUP 4ÈODIF[
OPQPOFFOSJFTHPMBOFVUSBMJEBEEFTVFY
QFSUJDJB QSPGFTJPOBM DVBOEP SFBMJ[B MB FWB
MVBDJØOEFMEB×P

%PTQSPGFTJPOBMFT 4FFMJHFPUSPQSPGFTJPOBMQBSBFMBDPNQB×B $BTP)FSNBOBT4FSSBOP


VOQFSJUP NJFOUPDVBOEPMBQFSTPOBRVFSFBMJ[BFMQF $BTP$FOUSPEF
ZVOBDPNQB×BOUF SJUBKFOPQFSUFOFDFBMDPOUFYUPDVMUVSBMEFMB 3FFEVDBDJØOi1BODIJUP
WÓDUJNBPOPDPNQBSUFTVMFOHVBNBUFSOB -ØQF[w
5BNCJÏODVBOEPMBTWÓDUJNBTIBODPOUBEP $BTP.BTBDSFEF
DPOBQPZPQTJDPMØHJDPQSFWJP MBFTUSBUFHJB .BQJSJQÈO
IB TJEP DPOUJOVBS DPO FM NJTNP QSPGFTJP
OBM FODBMJEBEEFBDPNQB×BNJFOUP EVSBO
UFMBTBVEJFODJBT

%PTQSPGFTJPOBMFT &TUBNPEBMJEBETFIBJNQMFNFOUBEPDVBOEP $BTP8BHOFSEPT4BOUPT


VOQFSJUPBDPNQB×BOUF FMQFSJUPBTJHOBEPOPGPSNBQBSUFEFMFRVJ '&#&.
ZVOBTFTPS QPSFE &OUPODFT  VOB QFSTPOB JOUFHSBOUF
EFMFRVJQP CSJOEBBTFTPSÓBTPCSFMBNFUPEP
MPHÓBEFMQFSJUBKFBDPNQB×BNJFOUP

6OQSPGFTJPOBM /PTFEBMBGVODJØOEFMQFSJUBKF $BTP$VBUSP1VOUPT


BDPNQB×BOUF 1VFEFQSFTFOUBSTFFTUBNPEBMJEBEDVBOEPFM $BSEJOBMFTWT)POEVSBT
&TUBEPTFBMMBOBDPOTVmDJFOUFBOUFMBDJØO 
UBOUPFOFMGPOEPEFMDBTPDPNPFOMBTSFQB
SBDJPOFT0CJFOTFFWBMÞBMBQFSUJOFODJBEF
TPMPBDPNQB×BSBMBTWÓDUJNBT
ôõ Instituto Interamericano de Derechos Humanos

-BFOUSFWJTUB

6OBEFMBTIFSSBNJFOUBTGVOEBNFOUBMFTQBSBFMUSBCBKPEFMFRVJQPJOUFSEJTDJQMJ
OBSJPDVBOEPTFUSBUBEFFMBCPSBSVOQFSJUBKF FTMBFOUSFWJTUB7BMFMBQFOBTF×BMBS 
TJOFNCBSHP RVFUBOUPMBTFYQFDUBUJWBTDPNPMBUÏDOJDBEFMBFOUSFWJTUBWBSÓBOOP
UBCMFNFOUFTFHÞOTFBFMQSPGFTJPOBMRVFMBSFBMJDF UBMZDPNPTFSFTVNFFOFMSFDVB
ESPTJHVJFOUF

1SPGFTJPOBMFO%FSFDIP 1SPGFTJPOBMFO1TJDPMPHÓB

#VTDBEBUPT JOWFTUJHB 4F QSPQPOF JEFOUJmDBS FM EB×P Z CSJOEBS TPQPSUF B


MBQFSTPOB
#VTDBDPOHSVFODJBZDPIFSFODJBEFVOSFMBUP
5SBUBEFDPOPDFSDVÈMIBTJEPFMJNQBDUPEFMUSBVNB
4VTQSFHVOUBTWBOEJSJHJEBTBIFDIPTDPODSFUPT GF
FOMBWJEBEFMBQFSTPOB FOTVTTFOUJNJFOUPT BGFD
DIBT QFSTPOBKFTBMDØNPZBMEØOEF CVTDBOEPSFT
UPTZSFMBDJPOFT
QVFTUBTQSFDJTBT
-BFOUSFWJTUBTFVUJMJ[BQBSBFWBMVBSFMJNQBDUPRVF
)BDFIJTUPSJBDPOQSFHVOUBTTPCSFMPTIFDIPTZMBWJP
MPTIFDIPTUSBVNÈUJDPTIBOUFOJEPFOMBTVCKFUJWJEBE
MFODJBWJWJEBQPSMBWÓDUJNB
EFMBQFSTPOB
$POUFYUVBMJ[BMBSFBMJEBEEFMBWÓDUJNBDPOFMFNFO
0CTFSWBNÈTMBSFBMJEBEQTÓRVJDB RVFOPFTOFDFTB
UPTZGBDUPSFTFYUFSOPTi{2VÏFTUVEJBCB w i{$VÈMFT
SJBNFOUFMBSFBMJEBEGÈDUJDBEFMQBDJFOUF
FSBOTVTDSFFODJBTJEFPMØHJDBT w FUD
-BFOUSFWJTUBFTVOJOTUSVNFOUPRVFBZVEBBMDPOP
-BFOUSFWJTUBFTVUJMJ[BEBQPSFMBCPHBEPQBSBSFDP
DJNJFOUPEFMBQFSTPOBMJEBE
MFDUBSMPTEBUPTOFDFTBSJPTQBSBIBDFSEFNBOFSBDP
SSFDUBTVUSBCBKPMFHBM 4VTQSFHVOUBTOPFTUÈOQMBOUFBEBTEFBOUFNBOP&T
VOBFOUSFWJTUBNÈTBCJFSUBQBSBRVFFMBGFDUBEPNJT
1PSMPHFOFSBM OPQSFHVOUBBNFOPTRVFDPOP[DBBO
NPQVFEBDPOmHVSBSMB
UJDJQBEBNFOUFMBQPTJCMFSFTQVFTUB
3FDJCJSÈUPEBMBJOGPSNBDJØOQBSBDPNQSFOEFSBMB
6UJMJ[BTVNFOUFZTVTPÓEPTQBSBFTDVDIBSZSFDPMFD
QFSTPOB
UBSEBUPTDPOHSVFOUFTZDPIFSFOUFT
4VGVODJØOOPFTTPMPFTDVDIBS TJOPWJWFODJBSZPC
1BSUFEFRVFFMBGFDUBEPDPOPDFTVWJEBZFTUÈDBQB
TFSWBS QVFTTBCFRVFDBEBTFSIVNBOPUJFOFPSHBOJ
DJUBEPQBSBEBSEBUPTTPCSFFMMB
[BEBVOBOBSSBUJWBQFSTPOBMZTVCKFUJWB
&MNFOTBKFFYQSFTBEPWFSCBMNFOUFQPSFMUFTUJHPFT
1SFTUBBUFODJØOBPUSBTGPSNBTEFFYQSFTJØOBEFNÈT
MPNÈTJNQPSUBOUF
EFMBTQBMBCSBT QPSRVFMPRVFFNFSHFEFMDPNQPSUB
/PFTUÈQSFQBSBEPQBSBNBOFKBSMBBOTJFEBEEVSBOUF NJFOUPOPWFSCBMUBNCJÏOFTJOGPSNBDJØOHFTUPT BD
MBFOUSFWJTUB FODBTPEFRVFBQBSFDJFSBJODMVTP MPT UJUVEFT UPOPEFWP[ FUD
DBNCJPTFNPDJPOBMFTEFBMHVJFORVFUFTUJNPOJBQVF
&TUÈQSFQBSBEPQBSBFOGSFOUBSFTUBEPTBOTJPTPTZQVF
EFOBGFDUBSTVFTUSBUFHJBEFMJUJHJP
EFJOTUSVNFOUBSBEFDVBEBNFOUFMBFOUSFWJTUB DVBO
EPFTUPTTPCSFQBTBODJFSUPOJWFM
Acompañamiento psicológico y terapia psicológica ôö

-BJOUFSBDDJØOFOUSFMBWÓDUJNBZFMFRVJQPJOUFSEJTDJQMJOBSJP

/PQPSTBCJEPEFCFEFKBSEFTF×BMBSTFRVFMBDBMJEBEEFMBJOUFSBDDJØOFOUSFMBT
QFSTPOBTBGFDUBEBTZMPTQSPGFTJPOBMFTRVFWBOBSFBMJ[BSFMBDPNQB×BNJFOUPoPMBUF
SBQJBEFTQVÏTEFMBTFOUFODJBo FTDMBWFQBSBFMÏYJUPEFMBJOUFSWFODJØO1PSFMMPTFWB
BBOBMJ[BSBDPOUJOVBDJØOVOBTFSJFEFGBDUPSFTRVFHSBWJUBOEFNBOFSBEFDJTJWB ZB
TFBQBSBGBWPSFDFSPFOUPSQFDFSEJDIBJOUFSBDDJØO

"DUJUVEFTRVFQSPNVFWFOMBJOUFSBDDJØO

&OMBSFMBDJØODPOFMBDPNQB×BEP RVFQPSMPHFOFSBMUJFOFMVHBSFOFMNBSDPEF
MBFOUSFWJTUB TFEFCFOUFOFSFODVFOUBBMHVOPTFMFNFOUPTZBDUJUVEFTRVFGBDJMJUBOMB
JOUFSBDDJØO

t "QFSUVSBEFMBFOUSFWJTUB&TJNQPSUBOUFRVFMBFOUSFWJTUBTFBBCJFSUBZOPBCB
TFEFQSFHVOUBTZSFTQVFTUBTZBRVFFTUBTUJFOEFOBMJNJUBSMBMJCFSUBEEFFYQSF
TJØO4JMBQFSTPOBTFTJFOUFBDFQUBEBZSFTQFUBEBFTQSPCBCMFRVFQVFEBIBCMBS
DPODPOmBO[BEFTVTTVGSJNJFOUPT
t "DUJUVENFOUBMBEFDVBEB&TBRVFMMBRVFTFBEPQUBBOUFMBQFSTPOBTBCJFOEPEF
BOUFNBOPRVFIBTVGSJEPUPSUVSBPNBMPTUSBUPTZUFOJFOEPMBDBQBDJEBEEFSFDJ
CJSMBTFNPDJPOFTZTFOUJNJFOUPTBTPDJBEPTBMBTJUVBDJØOUSBVNÈUJDB&MBDPNQB
×BOUFEFCFFTUBSEJTQVFTUPBDPNQBSUJSFMTVGSJNJFOUPZFMIPSSPS
t 4BCFSFTDVDIBS4JHOJmDBQSFTUBSBUFODJØODPOUPEPTMPTTFOUJEPTJOUFSÏTQPSMPT
NFOTBKFTWFSCBMFTZOPWFSCBMFTDPNPQPTUVSB MFOUJUVEPSBQJEF[EFTVTNPWJNJFO
UPT BTQFDUP UPOPEFWP[ NJSBEB DPOTJEFSBOEPTJHOJmDBUJWPTFTUPTJOEJDJPT
t $PNQSFOEFSMBTQBSUJDVMBSJEBEFTEFMBQFSTPOB&TJNQPSUBOUFBQSPYJNBSTFTJFN
QSFBMBTQFSTPOBTDPOTJEFSBOEPTVTQBSUJDVMBSJEBEFT MPRVFQFSNJUJSÈBEBQUBSZ
BEPQUBSFTUSBUFHJBTEFBDPNQB×BNJFOUPJOEJWJEVBMFTQBSBFTBQFSTPOBPHSVQP
FOQBSUJDVMBS&TDVDIBSFMSFMBUPZFOUFOEFSDØNPMPTIFDIPTJNQBDUBOMBWJEBEF
MBWÓDUJNBZTVGBNJMJB JODMVZFFTDVDIBSMBQFSDFQDJØORVFFTUBQFSTPOBUJFOFEFM
NVOEPSFBMZDVÈMFTTVJNBHJOBSJPDVMUVSBM
t 3FTQFUBSFMSFMBUPEFMBQFSTPOBUBMDVBMMPFYQSFTB.VDIBTWFDFTMPTBGFDUB
EPTQPSWJPMFODJBQPMÓUJDBUJFOFOUFNQPSBMNFOUFMBOFDFTJEBEEFSFDVSSJSBGBOUB
TÓBTQPSTVJODBQBDJEBENPNFOUÈOFBEFUPMFSBSMBSFBMJEBE$PNPBDPNQB×BO
UFT FTUPTFEFCFSFTQFUBSTJOFNCBSHP FMQSPGFTJPOBMRVFFMBCPSBFMQFSJUBKFEFCF
ô÷ Instituto Interamericano de Derechos Humanos

FWBMVBSTJFTOFDFTBSJPDPOGSPOUBSBMBDPNQB×BEPDPOMBSFBMJEBE QBSBBZVEBSMP
BFOGSFOUBSMPRVFIBTVDFEJEP
t 1POFSTF FO FM MVHBS EFM PUSP &T JNQPSUBOUF BDFSDBSTF BM TFOUJS EFM PUSP
(FOFSBMNFOUFTFIBCMBEFFNQBUÓB RVFFTiQPOFSTFFOMPT[BQBUPTEFMBPUSBQFS
TPOBw DPNQSFOEFSZTFOUJSDPOZDPNPFMPUSP
t .BOFKBSFMTJMFODJP"MBNBZPSÓBEFMBTQFSTPOBTMFTSFTVMUBEJGÓDJMTPQPSUBSFMTJ
MFODJP NÈTBÞOBMBTQFSTPOBTWÓDUJNBTEFWJPMFODJB&MTJMFODJPQVFEFDPNVOJDBS
VOBWBSJFEBEEFTFOUJNJFOUPTIPTUJMJEBE EFTFPEFTFSBDFQUBEP DPNQSFOEJEP EF
TFSFOUFOEJEPTJOQBMBCSBT EFGPSNBSVOBTPMBQFSTPOBDPOFMPUSP PTVTDJUBSJO
UFSÏTPQSFPDVQBDJØO&OMPTDBTPTFORVFMBTQFSTPOBTIBOTVGSJEPUPSUVSB FMTJ
MFODJPFTHFOFSBMNFOUFTFOUJEPDPNPBHSFTJØO QVFTUPRVFTPOQFSTPOBTRVFIBO
FTUBEPFOTJUVBDJØOEFBJTMBNJFOUPZUSBUBEBTNÈTDPNPPCKFUPTRVFTVKFUPTEF
BIÓRVFFMTJMFODJPQVFEBSFWJWJSMBWJWFODJBUSBVNÈUJDB

&YQFDUBUJWBTEFMPTQSPGFTJPOBMFTEFMFRVJQPJOUFSEJTDJQMJOBSJP

*HVBMNFOUF BMBIPSBEFJOUFSBDUVBSDPOMBWÓDUJNB MPTQSPGFTJPOBMFTEFMFRVJQP


JOUFSEJTDJQMJOBSJPUFOESÓBORVFHVJBSTF FOUSFPUSPT QPSMPTTJHVJFOUFTMJOFBNJFOUPT

t 3FTQPOEFSDPOSFBMJTNPBMBTNÞMUJQMFTEFNBOEBTEFMBWÓDUJNB&MFRVJQPEFQSP
GFTJPOBMFTEFCFSÈBUFOEFSMBTOVNFSPTBTEFNBOEBTRVFQPSMPHFOFSBM MBWÓDUJNBEF
UPSUVSBRVFMMFWBTVDBTPBM4JTUFNB*OUFSBNFSJDBOPTVFMFQMBOUFBSBTVFOUPSOP&O
FMDBTPEFMBQFSTPOBQSPGFTJPOBMZFTQFDJBMJ[BEB FODBSHBEBEFMBDPNQB×BNJFOUP 
EFCFSÈGBDJMJUBSVOFTQBDJPBEFDVBEPQBSBRVFMBWÓDUJNBIBCMFEFTVTOFDFTJEBEFT
4VQBQFMTFSÈDPOUFOFSFTBTEFNBOEBTZFYQMJDBSMFDVÈMFTTPOMBTQPTJCJMJEBEFTSFBMFT
EFMTJTUFNBEFTBUJTGBDFSMBT BmOEFOPDSFBSFYQFDUBUJWBTRVFBMOPTFSDVCJFSUBT HF
OFSBSÓBONBZPSGSVTUSBDJØO5FOESÈRVFTBCFSSFDPOPDFSRVÏFTMPRVFQVFEFPGSFDFS
ZDVÈMFTMBQBSUFEFMUSBCBKPRVFMFUPDBSFBMJ[BSEFOUSPEFMFRVJQP%FFTUBNBOFSB 
FMBDPNQB×BOUFBZVEBSÈBRVFMBQFSTPOBFODBSHBEBEFMDBTPEFTEFFMQVOUPEFWJT
UBKVSÓEJDP OPUFOHBRVFMJEJBSDPOMBTEFNBOEBTEFMBWÓDUJNBZQVFEBDPODFOUSBS
TFNFKPSFOFMMJUJHJP&MBDPNQB×BNJFOUPQTJDPMØHJDPDPOUSJCVZFBTÓBMBFTUSBUFHJB
KVSÓEJDBZCVTDBGPSUBMFDFSFMQSPDFTPFOTVUPUBMJEBE
t &MUSBCBKPQTJDPMØHJDPQSPGFTJPOBMEFCFFTUBSNÈTBMMÈEFMBTCVFOBTJOUFODJPOFT&M
BDPNQB×BOUFTBCFRVFTVMBCPSWBNVDIPNÈTBMMÈEFiEBSQBMNBEBTFOMBFTQBMEBw 
BMHPRVFDVBMRVJFSQFSTPOBTPMJEBSJBZDPOCVFOBTJOUFODJPOFTQPESÓBSFBMJ[BS2VF
EFCFBCSJSBMBWÓDUJNBMBQPTJCJMJEBEEFiEFTDBSHBSwTVTFNPDJPOFT&TUPUJFOFDPO
Acompañamiento psicológico y terapia psicológica ôø

TFDVFODJBTFJNQMJDBDJPOFTQBSBÏMNJTNPRVFEFCFNBOFKBSDPNPQFSTPOBFYQFS
UBRVFFTEFIFDIPFTUBTJNQMJDBDJPOFTTPOMBTRVFFYQMJDBOMBTBUVSBDJØOFNPDJPOBM
RVFTFFWJEFODJBFOMPTBCPHBEPT FMQÞCMJDPZFOMPTQSPQJPTKVFDFT*HVBMNFOUF BM
BDPNQB×BSBVOBWÓDUJNBEFUPSUVSB EFCFSÈSFDVSSJSBUPEBTVGPSNBDJØOZFOUSFOB
NJFOUPQSPGFTJPOBMQBSBOPBCSJSFTQBDJPTEFSFWJDUJNJ[BDJØORVFQVFEFOTFSDPNV
OFTFOFMBDPNQB×BNJFOUPOPFTQFDJBMJ[BEP&OHFOFSBMMPTBGFDUBEPTQPSUSBVNBT
QSPWPDBEPTQPSMBWJPMFODJBQPMÓUJDBEFNBOEBOQFSNBOFOUFNFOUFVOBQPTJDJØOBD
UJWBEFRVJFOMPTFTDVDIBEFBMHVOBNBOFSB RVFTFIBHBODBSHPEFFMMPTQPSRVFTF
TJFOUFONVZGSÈHJMFT"MDVNQMJSFTBTEFNBOEBT FTJNQPSUBOUFRVFMBQFSTPOBBDPN
QB×BOUFTFQBEJGFSFODJBSFORVÏNFEJEBTVTSFTQVFTUBTTFSÈOÞUJMFTQBSBMBWÓDUJNBZ
FORVÏNFEJEBTBUJTGBDFOTVQSPQJBOFDFTJEBEEFTFSÞUJM
t 4FSUPMFSBOUFQFSPQPOFSMÓNJUFT%FCFSÈTFSBNBCMFZUPMFSBOUFCBTÈOEPTFFOTV
DBQBDJEBEEFSFDPOPDFSZTPQPSUBSMPTTFOUJNJFOUPTEFMBDPNQB×BEP1FSPFTUF
BGÈOOPEFCFMMFWBSMPBEJTJNVMBSPBEJTDVMQBSDPOEVDUBTBHSFTJWBT/PNCSBSMBT
EJmDVMUBEFTJOUFSOBTZFYUFSOBTFTMPBEFDVBEPZFOBMHVOPTDBTPTTFIBSÈOFDF
TBSJPQPOFSMÓNJUFTBMBIPTUJMJEBEEFMBWÓDUJNB
t $POPDJNJFOUPUFØSJDPZFNQBUÓB&MDPOPDJNJFOUPUFØSJDPZMBFYQFSJFODJBMFQFS
NJUJSÈOPSHBOJ[BSMPTEBUPTZDPNQSFOEFSFMGVODJPOBNJFOUPQTÓRVJDPEFMBTQFS
TPOBT1FSPBMNJTNPUJFNQPEFCFSÈBENJUJSRVFFTPOPFTTVmDJFOUFQBSBHBSBO
UJ[BSMBDPNQSFOTJØOEFMBWÓDUJNBEFHSBWFTWJPMBDJPOFTRVFQSFTFOUBTVDBTPBM
4JTUFNB*OUFSBNFSJDBOP"MBQMJDBSUFPSÓBTIBZRVFUFOFSTJFNQSFQSFTFOUFRVFOP
FYJTUFOEPTQFSTPOBTJHVBMFT QPSMPRVFDBEBDBTPFTVOSFUPZPCMJHBBDFOUSBS
TF GVOEBNFOUBMNFOUF FOFMBDPNQB×BEP

$BQBDJEBEFTEFMBDPNQB×BOUF

-PTQSPGFTJPOBMFTRVFCSJOEBOBDPNQB×BNJFOUPBMBTWÓDUJNBTEFUPSUVSB EF
CFODPOUBSDPOVOBBNQMJBUSBZFDUPSJBFOFMUSBCBKPQTJDPTPDJBMDPOWÓDUJNBTEFHSB
WFTWJPMBDJPOFTBMPTEFSFDIPTIVNBOPTEFQSFGFSFODJBRVFQFSUFOF[DBOPIBZBOMB
CPSBEPFOPSHBOJ[BDJPOFTSFDPOPDJEBTZRVFUFOHBOFYQFSJFODJBFODPPSEJOBDJØODPO
FRVJQPTKVSÓEJDPT&TUBTQFSTPOBTEFCFOUFOFSVOFOGPRVFRVFMFTQFSNJUBWJODVMBSMBT
JNQMJDBDJPOFTEFMUFSSPSJTNPEF&TUBEPDPOTVRVFIBDFSQSPGFTJPOBM
1BSBSFBMJ[BSFTUFBDPNQB×BNJFOUPIBZRVFUPNBSFODVFOUBRVFMBTQFSTPOBT
RVFDPNQBSFDFOFOCVTDBEFKVTUJDJBBOUFMB$PSUF*OUFSBNFSJDBOBIBOBHPUBEPMPT
SFDVSTPTJOUFSOPTFOTVTQSPQJPTQBÓTFT1PSMPHFOFSBMTPONVDIPTB×PTEFFYQFSJFO
DJBTEPMPSPTBTZGSVTUSBOUFTBOUFTEFRVFTVDBTPTFQSFTFOUFFOMB$PSUF"MMMFHBSB
õï Instituto Interamericano de Derechos Humanos

FTFQVOUP TFJODSFNFOUBFMFTUBEPEFUFOTJØOZMBBOTJFEBETFJOUFOTJmDBMBTQFSTPOBT
QVFEFOBQBSFDFSNÈTQFSUVSCBEBTPNÈTBMBEFGFOTJWB-BSFTQPOTBCJMJEBEEFMQSP
GFTJPOBMRVFMBTBDPHFFOFTFNPNFOUPFTHSBOEF QPSFTBSB[ØOEFCFSFVOJSMBFYQF
SJFODJBZMPTSFRVJTJUPTOFDFTBSJPT FOUSFMPTDVBMFTTFFODVFOUSBOBMHVOBTDBQBDJEBEFT
DPNPMBTNFODJPOBEBTBDPOUJOVBDJØO

t $PNQSPNJTP QBSB PGSFDFS VOB QSFTFODJB FTUBCMF RVF GPSUBMF[DB FM WÓODVMP -P
FTFODJBMFTRVFFMBDPNQB×BOUFUFOHBCVFOBWPMVOUBEQBSBUSBUBSEFDPNQSFOEFS
MPTTFOUJNJFOUPTEFMPTBGFDUBEPT FTUÏEJTQVFTUPBFTDVDIBSMPTZMPTSFTQFUFDPNP
VOBQFSTPOBMJEBEÞOJDB

t $POPDFSZUFOFSDMBSJEBESFTQFDUPBMDPOUFYUPTPDJPQPMÓUJDPFOFMRVFMPTBGFDUB
EPTIBOFTUBEPJNQMJDBEPT

t 3FBMJ[BSFMBDPNQB×BNJFOUPEFTEFMBSFBMJEBEDVMUVSBMEFMBWÓDUJNB QPSMPRVF


EFCFTFSDBQB[EFEFKBSBVOMBEPTVTQSPQJPTDØEJHPTDVMUVSBMFT

t 4PTUFOFSBMBTQFSTPOBTJOWPMVDSBEBTTJOFUJRVFUBSMBTJUVBDJØOEFQBUPMØHJDBOJ
KV[HBSBMBWÓDUJNBFOOJOHÞOBTQFDUPEFTVWJEB

t 6CJDBSBMBDPNQB×BEPDPNPFMDFOUSPEFTVIJTUPSJBJOEJWJEVBMIBDFSMPQSPUB
HPOJTUBZEBSMFVOTFOUJEPBMBTFYQFSJFODJBTUSBVNÈUJDBT

t 1PEFSNJSBSBMBTQFSTPOBTBGFDUBEBTFOTVKVTUBEJNFOTJØOTVGSJFSPOVOBFYQF
SJFODJBUSBVNÈUJDBZ BVORVFEFTEFMBEJOÈNJDBQSPDFTBMTFEFOPNJOFOWÓDUJNBT 
TPOQSPUBHPOJTUBTEFVOQSPDFTPRVFCVTDBFMSFDPOPDJNJFOUPEFMDBSÈDUFSJMÓDJUP
EFMBTWJPMBDJPOFTRVFFOGSFOUBSPOZUBNCJÏOMBTSFQBSBDJPOFTJOUFHSBMFTRVFMFT
DPSSFTQPOEFO

t 5FOFSIFSSBNJFOUBTQBSBBTVNJSFMSJFTHPEFJEFOUJmDBSTFDPOMBTWÓDUJNBTZMBT
JNQMJDBDJPOFTEFFTUBJEFOUJmDBDJØO.BOUFOFSMBOFVUSBMJEBEQSPGFTJPOBM FTQF
DJBMNFOUFTJFMBPNQB×BOUFUJFOFRVFSFOEJSVOJOGPSNFPQFSJUBKF

t 4FSWJSEFDPOUFODJØO BZVEBOEPBMBQFSTPOBBNBOFKBSMPTEJWFSTPTTFOUJNJFOUPTo


JSB JNQPUFODJB DVMQB EFQSFTJØO BOHVTUJBZEPMPSoBUSBWÏTEFMDVJEBEPTPMÓDJUPZ
EFMBUPMFSBODJB-BDBQBDJEBEEFDPOUFOFSFMTVGSJNJFOUPBKFOPoCBTFEFMPTBDPN
Acompañamiento psicológico y terapia psicológica õð

QB×BNJFOUPTZUFSBQJBToFTMPRVFMFQFSNJUJSÈBMBDPNQB×BEPSFDPCSBSTVDBQBDJ
EBEEFDPNQSFOTJØO FMBCPSBOEPFJOUFHSBOEPMBTJUVBDJØO BmOEFSFHVMBSZOPS
NBMJ[BSMBTSFBDDJPOFTGÓTJDBTZQTÓRVJDBTZMPTNPEPTEFEFGFOTBJOBEFDVBEPT

t &MBDPNQB×BOUFEFCFTFSDBQB[EFOPTFOUJSTFBCSVNBEPDPOMPTTFOUJNJFOUPTQF
OPTPTZBUFSSBEPSFTEFMBWÓDUJNB QBSBRVFMBGVODJØOEFDPOUFODJØO FTEFDJSEF
QPEFSBDPHFSMBTBOHVTUJBT QVFEBSFHVMBSTVBOTJFEBEWPMWJFOEPTVNVOEPJOUFS
OPNÈTNBOFKBCMFZFTUBCMF4JOOFHBSFMUFSSPS TFUSBUBEFSFEJNFOTJPOBSMP EBO
EPIFSSBNJFOUBTQBSBQFOTBS DMBSJmDBSZEJGFSFODJBS ZEBSVOOPNCSFBMPTTFO
UJNJFOUPTDPOGVTPT&TUSBTNVUBSMBBOHVTUJBJOTPQPSUBCMFFOBMHPNÈTEFmOJEP
ZEFUFSNJOBEP QBSBOPWFSMBFOGPSNBUBOQFMJHSPTB

t .BOFKBSMBDVMQBEFMBWÓDUJNB-PTIFDIPTUSBVNÈUJDPTIBDFORVFMBTQFSTPOBT
GSFDVFOUFNFOUFFYQFSJNFOUFOTFOUJNJFOUPTEFSBCJB DPOGVTJØOPDVMQB"WF
DFTOPUPMFSBOMPTQSPQJPTTFOUJNJFOUPT ZBRVFHFOFSBONVDIPEPMPS ZUJFOEFOB
USBTMBEBSMPTBMBDPNQB×BOUFPUFSBQFVUB-BDVMQBFTVOTFOUJNJFOUPBTPDJBEPB
QFOTBNJFOUPTZFNPDJPOFTBVUPSFDSJNJOBUPSJPTRVFUJFOFORVFWFSDPOFMIFDIP
EFTFOUJSTFSFTQPOTBCMFEFMPRVFIBQBTBEP.VDIBTWFDFTFTUBDVMQBFTJOEVDJ
EBQPSMBGBNJMJBZPMBDPNVOJEBE

t "EFNÈTEFDPNQSFOEFSMPTTÓOUPNBTGÓTJDPTDPNPFYQSFTJØOEFMTVGSJNJFOUPFOFM
DVFSQP EFCFTFSDBQB[EFBCPSEBSMPTJONFEJBUBNFOUF1BSBFMMP TFSÓBBMUBNFOUF
SFDPNFOEBCMFMBQSFTFODJBEFVONÏEJDPZEFMBDPNQB×BOUFFOFMSFDJOUPEFMB
BVEJFODJB&MBDPNQB×BOUF BEFNÈTEFTFOUJEPDPNÞO EFCFUFOFSVOTFOUJEPEF
MBPQPSUVOJEBE ZBRVFBWFDFTTFSFRVJFSFOEFDJTJPOFTSÈQJEBTZQSFDJTBTBOUFTJ
UVBDJPOFTJOFTQFSBEBT

t %FCFSÈUFOFSMBDBQBDJEBEEFUPMFSBSMBTEVEBTZMBEFTFTQFSBDJØODPOSFTQFDUP
BVOJOUFSNJOBCMFQSPDFTPKVSÓEJDPRVFFYJHFHSBOEFTEPTJTEFQBDJFODJBZUPMF
SBODJB1PSPUSPMBEP FTNVZJNQPSUBOUFQPEFSSFDPOPDFSoBQFTBSEFTVTEJm
DVMUBEFTJONFEJBUBToRVFFMBDPNQB×BEPUBNCJÏOQVFEFBTVNJSBDUJUVEFTZSFT
QPOTBCJMJEBEFTiBEVMUBTw IBDJFOEPVOBBMJBO[BDPOTVTBTQFDUPTNÈTNBEVSPTZ
BZVEÈOEPMPBJOUFHSBSMPTDPOTVTBTQFDUPTNÈTEÏCJMFT

t &T OFDFTBSJP RVF MPT BDPNQB×BOUFT  BM JHVBM RVF MPT UFSBQFVUBT  QVFEBO DPO
UBSDPOMBTVQFSWJTJØOEFDPMFHBTDPONBZPSFYQFSJFODJBRVFMPTQSPUFKBOEFMB
õñ Instituto Interamericano de Derechos Humanos

TPCSFJEFOUJmDBDJØODPOMPTQBDJFOUFTBDPNQB×BEPT ZRVFFTUBTFDPOWJFSUBBEF
NÈT FOVOFTQBDJPEFSFWJTJØOEFMQSPDFTP"TJNJTNP FMUSBCBKPFOFRVJQPQSP
UFHFSÈBMPTUFSBQFVUBTZBDPNQB×BOUFTEFMBJTMBNJFOUPZTFSWJSÈEFFODVBESFB
TVUSBCBKP1PSPUSBQBSUF EFCFQPEFSDPOPDFSZBDFQUBSTVTQSPQJBTMJNJUBDJPOFT
QBSBFMNBOFKPEFMDBTP TJFOEPDBQB[EFEFSJWBSBMQBDJFOUFBDPNQB×BEPBPUSPT
QSPGFTJPOBMFTFODBTPOFDFTBSJP

4FHVOEBGBTFEFMBDPNQB×BNJFOUPQSFQBSBDJØOZQSFTFOUBDJØOEFMPT
UFTUJNPOJPTEFMBTWÓDUJNBT

%FTEFFMFOGPRVFEFTBMVENFOUBM MBTBVEJFODJBTDPOTUJUVZFOVOBPQPSUVOJEBEQB
SBRVFMBTQFSTPOBTEFDMBSFOZUFTUJNPOJFOMBTEPMPSPTBTWJWFODJBTRVFEFCJFSPOTVGSJS
&MUFTUJNPOJPCSJOEBEPZSFTQFUVPTBNFOUFBUFOEJEPQPSMB$PSUFPQPSMB$PNJTJØO
*OUFSBNFSJDBOBEF%FSFDIPT)VNBOPT EFCFTFSVOBFYQFSJFODJBEFEJHOJmDBDJØOZ
BMJWJPQBSBMBTWÓDUJNBT QVFTFMSFDPOPDJNJFOUPEFTVEPMPSQPSVOBJOTUBODJBFYUFS
OB BMBRVFSFDPOPDFODPNPBVUPSJEBE SFQSFTFOUBVOBDUPSFQBSBEPSRVFDVMNJOB
TVQSPDFTPEFCÞTRVFEBEFMBWFSEBEZBDDFTPBMBKVTUJDJB&OFTFTFOUJEP TVQBSUJDJ
QBDJØOTFWJWFUBNCJÏODPNPVOBDUPEFSFTQPOTBCJMJEBEIBDJBTVDPNVOJEBE QVFT
QFSDJCFOTVSPMDPNPQPSUBEPSFTEFVOBIJTUPSJBNVDIBTWFDFTJHOPSBEBPTJMFODJBEB
TPOBEFNÈTVOFTUÓNVMPQBSBMBTPMJEBSJEBEFOUSFMBTWÓDUJNBTEFHSBWFTWJPMBDJPOFT 
RVFBUFOÞBMBQBSBMJ[BOUFTFOTBDJØOEFBJTMBNJFOUP1PSFMMPTFEJDFRVFMBTBVEJFO
DJBTUJFOFOVODBSÈDUFSEFSFQBSBDJØOTJNCØMJDB
&TUBFYQFSJFODJBEFTPQPSUFQTJDPMØHJDPFOBVEJFODJBTQÞCMJDBTEFVOUSJCVOBMJO
UFSOBDJPOBM QSPQJDJBEBQPSFM1SPZFDUP UBNCJÏOIBUFOJEPMVHBSFOJOJDJBUJWBTOBDJP
OBMFTDPNPMBT$PNJTJPOFTEFMB7FSEBEFO4VEÈGSJDBZFO1FSÞ EPOEFMPTQTJDØMP
HPTBDPNQB×BSPOBMBTWÓDUJNBTBOUFT EVSBOUFZEFTQVÏTEFEBSFMUFTUJNPOJPBOUF
MPT$PNJTJPOBEPT MBQSFOTBZFOHFOFSBM BOUFMBTPDJFEBE

0CKFUJWPTEFMBDPNQB×BNJFOUPQTJDPMØHJDPQBSBMBTBVEJFODJBT

-PTPCKFUJWPTHFOFSBMFTEFMBDPNQB×BNJFOUPQTJDPMØHJDPEFMBTWÓDUJNBTPUFTUJHPT
RVFWBOBSFOEJSTVUFTUJNPOJPFOMBTBVEJFODJBTTPOCÈTJDBNFOUFMPTTJHVJFOUFT

t "DPNQB×BSFNPDJPOBMNFOUFBDBEBVOBEFMBTWÓDUJNBTPBTVTGBNJMJBSFT UF
OJFOEPFODVFOUBMPTBTQFDUPTJEFOUJmDBEPTFOMBFWBMVBDJØOQTJDPMØHJDBSFBMJ[B
EBQSFWJBNFOUF
Acompañamiento psicológico y terapia psicológica õò

t "QPZBSBMPTBCPHBEPTSFQSFTFOUBOUFTEFMDBTPFOFMNBOFKPEFTJUVBDJPOFTTFOTJ
CMFT EFSJWBEBTEFMQSPDFTPUFTUJNPOJBMFOMBBVEJFODJB

t 'BWPSFDFSFTQBDJPTHSVQBMFTPJOEJWJEVBMFT QSFWJPTZQPTUFSJPSFTBMBBVEJFODJB 
QBSBMBFYQSFTJØOEFTFOUJNJFOUPTZBQPZPNVUVP

&TUSBUFHJBEFMBDPNQB×BNJFOUPEVSBOUFMBTBVEJFODJBT

-BJOUFSWFODJØOFTUÈPSJFOUBEBBUSFTNPNFOUPTEFMBBVEJFODJB DBEBVOPDPOPC
KFUJWPTEFJOUFSWFODJØOEFmOJEPT

Cuadro 3. Estrategia del acompañamiento a las víctimas

"OUFTEFMBBVEJFODJB %VSBOUFMBBVEJFODJB %FTQVÏTEFMBBVEJFODJB


t #SJOEBS VO FTQBDJP QSJWBEP EPOEF t "DPNQB×BSFNPDJPOBMNFOUFBMEF t "DPNQB×BSBMBQFSTPOBNJFOUSBTTF
MB WÓDUJNB P TVT GBNJMJBSFT QVFEB DMBSBOUF QSFTUBOEPBUFODJØOBDVBM SFUJSBEFMMPDBM
FYQSFTBSMPTTFOUJNJFOUPTUFNPSFT  RVJFSTJUVBDJØOEFBOTJFEBE UFNPS t #SJOEBS BQSPCBDJØO GSFOUF B MB EF
WFSHàFO[B SBCJB JOEJHOBDJØO USJT POFSWJPTJTNP GBWPSFDJFOEPTVWFS DMBSBDJØOFOGBUJ[BSFMDPSBKFQBSBTF
UF[B  EFTFTQFSBO[B  EVEBT Z FYQFD CBMJ[BDJØOQBSBRVFQVFEBFOUSBSBM HVJSFOMBMVDIBZNBOUFOFSMBDPO
UBUJWBTRVFMBQSPYJNJEBEEFMBBV UFTUJNPOJP FO NFKPSFT DPOEJDJPOFT mBO[BFOMBKVTUJDJBJOUFSOBDJPOBM
EJFODJBHFOFSBO EF QPEFS USBOTNJUJSMP 5BNCJÏO TF
QVFEFO SFUPNBS UFNBT EF TFTJPOFT t %BSTPTUÏOFNPDJPOBMBUSBWÏTEFMB
t 1FSNJUJSBMUFTUJNPOJBOUFRVFTFVCJ
QSFWJBTZBTPDJBSDPOMBTJUVBDJØOBD QBMBCSBZFMDPOUBDUPGÓTJDP
RVFNFOUBMNFOUFFOMBTJUVBDJØOEF
UVBM t 0GSFDFS BM EFDMBSBOUF VOB FTDVDIB
MB BVEJFODJB QÞCMJDB  FTUP FT  RVF
QVFEBBOUJDJQBSMPRVFPDVSSJSÈ USB t 3FDPSEBSMF MB VCJDBDJØO GÓTJDB RVF RVFMFQFSNJUBUSBOTNJUJSMPTTFOUJ
CBKBOEPMBTMMBNBEBTiFTDFOBTUFNJ UFOESÈFMPMBBDPNQB×BOUF NJFOUPTRVFMFTVTDJUØMBFYQFSJFODJB
EBTw IBDJFOEPVOFOTBZPEFMBBV t 'BDJMJUBSMBGPDBMJ[BDJØOEFMEJTDVS EFPGSFDFSUFTUJNPOJPFOMBBVEJFO
EJFODJB DJBQÞCMJDB
TPBMBTQFSTPOBTRVFUJFOFOEJmDVM
t 5SBCBKBSDPOMBQFSTPOBMBTJUVBDJØO UBEFTQBSBIBDFSMP t "ZVEBS B MB DPOUFODJØO EFM FTUBEP
ZFMGPSNBUPEFMBBVEJFODJB EFUBM t "QPZBS BM EFDMBSBOUF B USBWÏT EFM FNPDJPOBMMVFHPEFMBEFDMBSBDJØO
NBOFSBRVFMFQFSNJUBUPNBSEFDJ DPOUBDUP GÓTJDP FO MPT NPNFOUPT t 0GSFDFSMFVOFTQBDJP NFEJBOUFFO
TJPOFTSFTQFDUPBTVQSFTFOUBDJØO USFWJTUBTQMBOJmDBEBTEFTFHVJNJFO
EPOEF TF QFSDJCF NBZPS GSBHJMJEBE
BGFDUJWB UP QPTUFSJPSFTBMBBVEJFODJBQÞCMJ
DB QBSBiEJHFSJSwMPPDVSSJEP


 /PEFCFDPOGVOEJSTFFMNPNFOUPEFiMBBVEJFODJBwDPOFMNPNFOUPEFiMBEFDMBSBDJØOw-BTQFSTPOBTRVF
BDUÞBODPNPUFTUJHPTFOVODBTPTFFODVFOUSBBJTMBEBTFOUSFTÓ&TEVSBOUFFTFNPNFOUPEFBJTMBNJFOUP
EPOEFFTQPTJCMFRVFQVFEBOUFOFSVODJFSUPHSBEPEFBDPNQB×BNJFOUP
õó Instituto Interamericano de Derechos Humanos

5FNPSFTEFMBTWÓDUJNBT

&MIFDIPEFRVFMBTWÓDUJNBTUFOHBORVFFOGSFOUBSBMPTDPNJTJPOBEPTEFMB$PSUF
ZBMPTSFQSFTFOUBOUFTEFM&TUBEPBHSFTPS JOTUJUVDJPOFTBMBTRVFDPOmFSFOSFDPOPDJ
NJFOUPZQPEFS HFOFSBFOFMMBTGVFSUFTTFOUJNJFOUPTEFBOTJFEBE"MBIPSBEFSFBMJ
[BSFMBDPNQB×BNJFOUP UBOUPMPTQTJDØMPHPTDPNPMPTEFNÈTNJFNCSPTEFMFRVJQP
JOUFSEJTDJQMJOBSJPQVFEFOFODPOUSBSTFDPOBMHVOPTEFMPTUFNPSFTNÈTDPNVOFTEF
MBTWÓDUJNBT

t &MNJFEPBMJOUFSSPHBUPSJP-BTWÓDUJNBTUJFOFONJFEPBRVFCSBSTF EFTDPOUSP


MBSTFPQBSBMJ[BSTFFOMPTJOUFSSPHBUPSJPTBMPTRVFTFWFSÈOFYQVFTUBTFOMB$PSUF
5FNFOOPQPEFSIBDFSVOSFMBUPQSFDJTPFOFMUJFNQPDPODFEJEP$POGSFDVFO
DJBMPTGBNJMJBSFTUFNFOQPSFMFRVJMJCSJPFNPDJPOBMEFBMHVOPEFTVTNJFNCSPT
RVFTJFOUFOFTQFDJBMNFOUFWVMOFSBCMF/PIBZRVFPMWJEBSRVFTPOQFSTPOBTUSBV
NBUJ[BEBTDPOWBDÓPTFOMBNFNPSJBRVFBGFDUBOTVDBQBDJEBEOBSSBUJWBZRVFMFT
JNQJEFOEBSTFOUJEPBMPWJWJEP&MPMWJEBSTF RVFEBSTFFOTJMFODJP OPUFOFSQB
MBCSBT TPOTÓOUPNBEFMUSBVNBFOTJUVBDJPOFTFYUSFNBTEFSVQUVSBZDPOGVTJØO
OPTFFODVFOUSBOMBTQBMBCSBTQBSBFYQSFTBSZSFQSFTFOUBSMPTVDFEJEP FTQPSFMMP
RVFFOMPTSFMBUPTTVFMFOGBMUBSSFDVFSEPTZQBMBCSBT ZTPMPBQBSFDFOIVFMMBTEP
MPSPTBTZTJMFODJPT
t &MNJFEPBMEPMPSZFMEFTFPEFQSPUFHFSTF-PUSBVNÈUJDPQSPWPDBVODBPTUBO
UPFYUFSOPDPNPJOUFSOP BTÓDPNPDPOGVTJPOFTZBMUFSBDJPOFTFOMBUFNQPSBMJEBE
EFPUSPTQSPDFTPTQTÓRVJDPTMBNFNPSJBOPQVFEFSFDVQFSBS USBOTNJUJSPDPNV
OJDBSMPWJWJEP0USBTQFSTPOBT BVORVFSFMBUBOQBSUFEFMPTIPSSJCMFTTVDFTPTRVF
TVGSJFSPO MPIBDFODPOEJTUBODJB TJOFNPDJPOFT DPNPTJTVTVCKFUJWJEBEIVCJF
SBTJEPBTFTJOBEB 7BO"MQIFO  &OPUSPTSFMBUPTTFQVFEFOQFSDJCJSSFQF
UJDJPOFTSJUVBMJ[BEBTEFMTVGSJNJFOUPZRVJFOFTDVDIBQVFEFMMFHBSBTFOUJSFYUSB
×BNJFOUPZEJTUBODJB$PNPQMBOUFB+FMJO  i&MTVGSJNJFOUPUSBVNÈUJDP
QVFEFQSJWBSBMBWÓDUJNBEFMSFDVSTPEFMMFOHVBKF EFTVDPNVOJDBDJØOZFTUPQVF
EFJNQFEJSFMUFTUJNPOJPPQFSNJUJSIBDFSMPTJOTVCKFUJWJEBEw7BMFSFDPSEBSRVF
MBWJPMFODJBPSHBOJ[BEBUJFOFDPNPPCKFUJWPDPOUSPMBSZTPNFUFSBUSBWÏTEFMNJF
EP QPSMPRVFFMTJMFODJPBQBSFDFDPNPFGFDUPZUSJVOGPEFMBWJPMFODJBTVGSJEB
&MNJFEPOPTNVFWFBBTVNJSBDUJUVEFTDPOUSBEJDUPSJBT QBSBMJ[BDJPOFTZEFTWJO
DVMBDJPOFTNVDIBTWFDFTMBTJOEFDJTJPOFT UFNPSFTZEVEBTEFWÓDUJNBTZUFTUJHPT
TPCSFTJEFDMBSBSPOP UJFOFORVFWFSDPOFMBDFSDBNJFOUPBEFUFSNJOBEPTBTVO
UPTEFMPTRVFUFNFOIBCMBSFOQÞCMJDP0USBTWFDFTFTUBTJOEFDJTJPOFTTFSFTVFM
Acompañamiento psicológico y terapia psicológica õô

WFOTJOUJFOEPRVFIBDFOFTBEFDMBSBDJØOQPSVOiEFCFSwIBDJBMBQFSTPOBEFTBQB
SFDJEB PIBDJBPUSBTQFSTPOBTRVFTFCFOFmDJBSÈOBQBSUJSEFFMMB
t &MNJFEPBTFSDVMQBEP-BTPMJDJUVEEFIBCMBSEFSFDVFSEPTIVNJMMBOUFTZMBEJ
mDVMUBEEFIBDFSMPQVFEFOGÈDJMNFOUFDSFBSVOTFOUJNJFOUPEFPCMJHBUPSJFEBEEF
UFTUJNPOJBSZUBNCJÏOEFUFOFSRVFKVTUJmDBSTFDPOSFMBDJØOBMPTIFDIPTFWPDB
EPT UFOFSRVFEFNPTUSBSFMEB×PRVFSFDJCJØZFODPOTFDVFODJB TFOUJSTFOPUFTUJHP
TJOPBDVTBEP 1PMMBDL  &OFGFDUP NVDIBTWFDFTMBWÓDUJNBUFNFTFSDSJUJ
DBEBSFTQFDUPBMPTQSPCMFNBTFOTVGBNJMJBPDPOFMNVOEPFYUFSOP PCJFOQVF
EFFTUBSMMFOBEFBVUPSSFQSPDIFT&MNJFEPPMBBOTJFEBERVFQSPEVDFMBTFOTBDJØO
EFTFSTPNFUJEPBVOFOKVJDJBNJFOUPNPSBM QVFEFMMFWBSBPDVMUBSJOGPSNBDJØO
JNQPSUBOUFPFDIBSMFMBDVMQBBPUSP&TUPTVDFEFFTQFDJBMNFOUFDPOQFSTPOBTRVF
IBOFTUBEPEFUFOJEBTZRVFIBOTVGSJEPUPSUVSBT QVFTTJFOUFOJODPOTDJFOUFNFOUF
RVFQVEJFSPOIBCFSFWJUBEPEFBMHVOBGPSNBMBUPSUVSBEFMBRVFGVFSPOPCKFUP
t &MNJFEPBMPEFTDPOPDJEP"TJTUJSBMBTBVEJFODJBTJNQMJDBRVFMPTEFDMBSBOUFTTF
EFTQMBDFOEFTVTMVHBSFTEFPSJHFOBBRVFMMPTFOMPTRVFTFMMFWBBDBCPMBBVEJFO
DJB&TUPTJHOJmDBOFDFTBSJBNFOUFFOGSFOUBSFTQBDJPTEFTDPOPDJEPTZIBTUBBNF
OB[BOUFTQBSBRVJFOFT TBMWPFYDFQDJPOFT OVODBBOUFTIBCÓBOEFKBEPTVTQVFCMPT
OBUBMFT4FUSBUBEFQFSTPOBTRVFFOTVHSBONBZPSÓBOPIBOTBMJEPOVODBEFMQBÓT
EFPSJHFO QPSMPRVFFMBQPZPUBNCJÏOEFCFJODMVJSPSJFOUBDJPOFTZUSÈNJUFTEF
DBSÈDUFSBENJOJTUSBUJWPFJOGPSNBDJØOEFEØOEFBDVEJS&MWJBKFQPSBWJØOMFTSF
TVMUBVOBFYQFSJFODJBTVNBNFOUFFYUSB×BFJOUJNJEBOUF
t .JFEPBMGSBDBTP$POGSFDVFODJBUFNFOMPTSFTVMUBEPTEFMKVJDJP$POTJEFSBO
FMMBSHPDBNJOPRVFMMFWBOBOEBEP MPTFOPSNFTTBDSJmDJPTSFBMJ[BEPTZTFTJFO
UFO FTDÏQUJDPT EF QPEFS MMFHBS BM EFWFMBNJFOUP EF MB WFSEBE Z BM DBTUJHP B MPT
DVMQBCMFT

5PEPTFTUPTUFNPSFTEFMBTQFSTPOBTRVFFOGSFOUBOMPTEJGFSFOUFTBTQFDUPTEFMMJ
UJHJP FO VOB DPSUF JOUFSOBDJPOBM  SFBmSNBO MB JNQPSUBODJB EF SFDJCJS BDPNQB×B
NJFOUPQTJDPMØHJDP PJODMVTPEFMMFWBSBEFMBOUFVOQSPDFTPUFSBQÏVUJDPBMPMBSHPEFM
MJUJHJP

&YQFDUBUJWBTEFMBTWÓDUJNBTFOUPSOPBMMJUJHJPZMBTFOUFODJB

"MBIPSBEFQSFTFOUBSDBTPTBOUFMB$PSUF MBTWÓDUJNBTBMCFSHBOVOBTFSJFEFFY
QFDUBUJWBTRVFEFCFOTFSUSBCBKBEBTDPOMBQFSTPOBRVFMBTBDPNQB×BSÈFOFMQSP
DFTP "RVFMMBT RVF OP IBZBO TJEP TBUJTGFDIBT  EFCFSÈO TFS USBCBKBEBT FO QSPDFTPT
õõ Instituto Interamericano de Derechos Humanos

QTJDPUFSBQÏVUJDPTQPTUFSJPSFTBMBBVEJFODJB-BFYJTUFODJBEFEJDIBTFYQFDUBUJWBTTF
EFCFUPNBSFODVFOUBBMBIPSBEFWBMPSBSMBQPTJCJMJEBEEFRVFFYJTUBVOBDPNQB×B
NJFOUPQSPGFTJPOBMDPOTUJUVZFOBTQFDUPTJNQPSUBOUFTEFMQSPDFTPRVFEFCFOTFSUSB
CBKBEPTBmOEFRVFFTUFTFBSFDVQFSBUJWPZOPSFUSBVNBUJ[BOUF"MHVOBTEFMBTFY
QFDUBUJWBTBMBTRVFOPTSFGFSJNPTTPO

t 3FDJCJSJOGPSNBDJØOBDFSDBEFMPTQSPDFEJNJFOUPTEFMBBDDJØOFOMB$PSUFZFOMB
$PNJTJØO QBSUJDVMBSNFOUFDVBOEPFMQSPDFTPIBUFSNJOBEPZTFFTUÈBMBFTQFSB
EFMBTFOUFODJB

t -JCSBSTFEFMEPMPSQBSBFMMPRVFSSÈORVFTFMFTEFODPTBTDPODSFUBTRVF FOTVPQJ
OJØO WFOESÓBOBQBMJBSMBWJPMBDJØOTVGSJEBZBMJWJBSFMEPMPS

t &ODPOUSBSBBMHVJFORVFMPTFTDVDIFBRVJFOQPEFSDPOUBSMBTWFDFTRVFOFDFTJUFO
MPRVFMFTIBTVDFEJEP ZRVFMPTBZVEF

t 4FSBDFQUBEPZDPNQSFOEJEPQPSMBTQFSTPOBTWJODVMBEBTBMQSPDFTP BVOEFTQVÏT
EFDPOUBSMPTVDFEJEP

t 2VFTVIJTUPSJBTFBDSFÓEB(FOFSBMNFOUFMBTQFSTPOBTRVFIBOWJWJEPTJUVBDJPOFT
EFWJPMFODJBZRVFIBOCVTDBEPKVTUJDJB IBOFOGSFOUBEPMBJOEJGFSFODJB OFHBDJØO
FJODSFEVMJEBEEFMBTBVUPSJEBEFTZTVTEFNBOEBTOPIBOTJEPFTDVDIBEBTQPS
FMMP CVTDBOBBMHVJFORVFEÏGFBTVSFMBUP

t 4FSSFQBSBEPiFNPDJPOBMNFOUFw-BTWÓDUJNBTFTQFSBORVFBRVFMMPTBTQFDUPTEFTV
NVOEPJOUFSOPRVFIBOTJEPEB×BEPT DPNPMBDBQBDJEBEQBSBDPOmBSFOMPTEF
NÈT EFEJTGSVUBSEFMUSBCBKPZEFMPTWÓODVMPT TFBOOVFWBNFOUFSFTUBCMFDJEPT

t 5FOFSSFTVMUBEPTQPTJUJWPTFOFMKVJDJP&TJNQPSUBOUFBDMBSBSMFTEFNBOFSBSFBMJT
UB MPRVFQPESÈMPHSBSTFZMPRVFOPTFSÈJONFEJBUPPUJFOFQPDBTQSPCBCJMJEBEFT
EFMPHSBSTF

t 2VFTVDPOUFYUPTPDJBMWVFMWBBTFSTFHVSP2VFOPTFSFQJUBOMBTWJPMBDJPOFT
Acompañamiento psicológico y terapia psicológica õö

.FUPEPMPHÓBEFMBJOUFSWFODJØO

"DPOUJOVBDJØOTFPGSFDFVOSFTVNFOEFMBTSFDPNFOEBDJPOFTNÈTTJHOJmDBUJWBT
RVFTFEFCFOUFOFSQSFTFOUFTFODVBOUPBMBDPNQB×BNJFOUP TFHÞOMBTQFSTPOBTJOWP
MVDSBEBTFOMPTEJGFSFOUFTNPNFOUPTEFMBBVEJFODJB
&MQSPDFTPRVFTFSFTVNFFOFMDVBESPRVFBQBSFDFFOMBTQÈHJOBTõ÷Zõø FTTV
NBNFOUFDPNQMFKP-BTBDUJWJEBEFTZUBSFBTRVFTFSFDPNJFOEBOTFCBTBOFOFYQF
SJFODJBTFOFMDBNQPEFMBDPNQB×BNJFOUPZEFMMJUJHJP&TJNQPSUBOUFRVFOVFWBT
FYQFSJFODJBTFOMBNJTNBEJSFDDJØOWBZBOBQPSUBOEPEBUPTRVFFOSJRVF[DBOFTUBTSF
DPNFOEBDJPOFT DPOFMmOEFRVFTFDPOP[DBNFKPSZTFDPNQSFOEBDBEBWF[NÈTMB
SFMFWBODJBEFMQSPDFTPEFBDPNQB×BNJFOUP

*NQMJDBDJPOFTQTJDPMØHJDBTQBSBMPTBDUPSFTJOWPMVDSBEPTFOMBTBVEJFODJBT

4JCJFOMBJOJDJBUJWBEFMBDPNQB×BNJFOUPTFIBDPODFOUSBEPFOMBTWÓDUJNBT DPO
WJFOFTF×BMBSMBQFSUJOFODJBEFQSFTUBSBQPZPQTJDPMØHJDPBMBTQFSTPOBTQBSUJDJQBOUFT
FOMPTFRVJQPTJOWPMVDSBEPTFOFTUPTQSPDFTPT
-BTWÓDUJNBT KVOUPDPOMPTBCPHBEPTZQTJDØMPHPTRVFMMFWBOTVDBTPZMBTBDPN
QB×BO OPTPOMPTÞOJDPTBDUPSFTFOFTUFQSPDFTP5BOUPMPTKVFDFTDPNPFMQÞCMJDP
FOHFOFSBMTFWFOBGFDUBEPTEFEJWFSTBTNBOFSBTQPSMPTUFTUJNPOJPT BMQVOUPEFQP
EFSMMFHBSBBMUPTHSBEPTEFTBUVSBDJØO-PTTFSFTIVNBOPTUJFOFOVOBDBQBDJEBEMJ
NJUBEBEFFYQPTJDJØOBMEPMPSZMBFTDVDIBEFUFTUJNPOJPTFOBVEJFODJBQÞCMJDBTVQP
OFFTUBSFYQVFTUPEVSBOUFWBSJBTIPSBT BMPMBSHPEFWBSJPTEÓBT BSFMBUPTEPMPSPTPT
RVFNPWJMJ[BONVDIBTFNPDJPOFT&OFTUFTFOUJEPFTTBMVEBCMFTBCFSDVÈOEPMBQSP
QJBDBQBDJEBEEFFTDVDIBIBMMFHBEPBMMÓNJUF"TJNJTNP SFTVMUBSÓBBDPOTFKBCMFQP
EFSDPOUBSDPOQFSTPOBMDBQBDJUBEPFODBTPEFRVFTFSFRVJFSBVOBDPOUFODJØOEFFT
UPTTFOUJNJFOUPT
&TJNQPSUBOUFBEWFSUJSRVFSFUJSBSTFUFNQPSBMP EFTFSOFDFTBSJP DPNQMFUBNFO
UFEFMBBVEJFODJBQÞCMJDBOPFTVOBNVFTUSBEFEFCJMJEBE TJOPEFDPOPDJNJFOUPEF
MPTQSPQJPTMÓNJUFT ZQPSMPUBOUPEFTBMVENFOUBM&TQPTJCMFFYQFSJNFOUBSTFOUJ
NJFOUPTJOUFOTPTEFUSJTUF[B MMBOUP EPMPS JODSFEVMJEBE DBOTBODJPPTVF×P QSPWP
DBEPTEJSFDUBNFOUFQPSMPTUFTUJNPOJPT5BNCJÏOQVFEFOQSFTFOUBSTFSFBDDJPOFTEF
JSSJUBCJMJEBE IJQFSTFOTJCJMJEBEPJOEJGFSFODJBFOSFMBDJØODPOMPTQSPQJPTGBNJMJBSFT
ZBNJTUBEFTDFSDBOBT*HVBMNFOUFTFFYQFSJNFOUBOTÓOUPNBTGÓTJDPTEFBOTJFEBEZFT
DPNÞOFODPOUSBSTFGSFOUFBTFOUJNJFOUPTEFGSVTUSBDJØO QFTJNJTNP EFTFPEFUPNBS
VOBQPTJDJØOEJTUBOUF FTDÏQUJDBPEFOFHBDJØOGSFOUFBMPFTDVDIBEP
Cuadro 4. Recomendaciones sobre metodología de la intervención

Con el equipo jurídico


"OUFTEFMBBVEJFODJB %VSBOUFMBBVEJFODJB %FTQVÏTEFMBBVEJFODJB
t 1SFDJTBSZDPPSEJOBSMPTSPMFTRVFDBEBQSPGFTJPOBM t "QPZPQTJDPMØHJDPQBSBFMBCPSBSMBFTUSBUFHJBKVSÓEJ t "CSJSFTQBDJPTQBSBMBEJTDVTJØOZFMBOÈMJTJTEFMQSP
SFTQPOTBCMFEFMDBTPUFOESÈEVSBOUFZEFTQVÏTEFMB DBRVÏQSFHVOUBS RVÏOPZFMUJFNQPBEFDVBEPQBSB DFTP
BVEJFODJB DBEBVOPEFMPTUFTUJHPT&TUBQSFQBSBDJØODPOKVOUB t 3FUPNBSMBTMFDDJPOFTBQSFOEJEBTZEPDVNFOUBSMBT
FTQSJNPSEJBMUBOUPQBSBFMBDPNQB×BNJFOUPFOUSF QBSBGPSUBMFDFSGVUVSPTQSPDFTPT
FRVJQPTDPNPQBSBFMBDPNQB×BNJFOUPQTJDPMØHJDP
BMPTBGFDUBEPT QSPQJDJBOEPVOFOUPSOPEFDPOUFO
DJØOZBQPZP
t 5PNBSFODPOTJEFSBDJØOMBTQFUJDJPOFTRVFTFMFIB
SÈOBMB$PSUFBOUFTEFMBBVEJFODJB

Con las víctimas


"OUFTEFMBBVEJFODJB %VSBOUFMBBVEJFODJB %FTQVÏTEFMBBVEJFODJB
t -PTEÓBTQSFWJPTBMBBVEJFODJBQÞCMJDB DPODFSUBSFO t 3FDPOPDFSFMQSPDFTPQBSBMMFHBSBMB$PSUF t 5SBTMBBVEJFODJB MBJOUFSWFODJØOFTUBSÈEJSJHJEBB
USFWJTUBTJOEJWJEVBMFTZFOHSVQPDPOMBTQFSTPOBT t 5FOFS VO BNCJFOUF QSJWBEP QBSB FM BDPNQB DPOUFOFS FM EFTCPSEF FNPDJPOBM QSPEVDJEP BM FO
RVFWBOBEFDMBSBS&OMPQPTJCMF MBTFOUSFWJTUBTEF ×BNJFOUP GSFOUBSMBWFSEBEKVSÓEJDB ZBRVFEFTFODBEFOBTJO
CFOGPDBMJ[BSTFFOMBTJUVBDJØOEFMBBVEJFODJB t $POUBSDPOVOBNCJFOUFEJGFSFOUFQBSBMPTEFDMB UPNBUPMPHÓBQTJDPTPNÈUJDB
t #SJOEBSMBJOGPSNBDJØOOFDFTBSJB SBOUFTRVFBÞOOPIBOEBEPTVUFTUJNPOJPZMPTRVF t &MGVFSUFJNQBDUPRVFTVQPOFQBSBMBQFSTPOBSFDPS
t &YQMPSBSUFNPSFT EVEBT TFOUJNJFOUPT SFTQFDUPBMB TBMFOEFEBSMP EBSIFDIPTEPMPSPTPTNVZNPWJMJ[BEPSFT SFRVJFSF
BVEJFODJBTJOQSPQJDJBSRVFTFSFMBUFMBWJWFODJBUSBV FONVDIPTDBTPTFMDPOUBDUPGÓTJDP MBFTDVDIBZMB
NÈUJDB MPRVFSFTVMUBCBTUBOUFEJGÓDJMZBRVFMBTWÓD BQSPCBDJØOGSFOUFBTVUFTUJNPOJP.VDIPTNBOJ
UJNBTZUFTUJHPTTFUPSOBOSFQFUJUJWPTQPSMPRVFMB mFTUBOEVEBToRVFIBOPMWJEBEPIFDIPTJNQPSUBO
DPOUFODJØOEFMBDPNQB×BOUFFTJOEJTQFOTBCMF  UFToZTFMFTEFCFUSBORVJMJ[BSZBDPNQB×BS
t 7JTJUBSZSFDPOPDFSMBTBMBEFBVEJFODJBTZMBEJTQP t "DPHFSMBTNBOJGFTUBDJPOFTEFMPTEFDMBSBOUFTRVF
TJDJØOEFMPTFTQBDJPT TJFOUFOBMJWJPiDPNPTJNFIVCJFSBRVJUBEPVOQFTP
EFFODJNBw iQPSmONFIBOFTDVDIBEP UBOUPUJFN
QPIFFTUBEPBWFSHPO[BEBw
Con las víctimas (continuación)
"OUFTEFMBBVEJFODJB %VSBOUFMBBVEJFODJB %FTQVÏTEFMBBVEJFODJB
t -PTEÓBTQSFWJPTBMBBVEJFODJBQÞCMJDB DPODFSUBS t 1FSDJCJS DVBMRVJFS TJUVBDJØO EF BOTJFEBE  UFNPS  t "QPZBSMBEJTQPTJDJØORVFTVSHFEFSFUPNBSMBWJEB
FOUSFWJTUBT JOEJWJEVBMFT Z FO HSVQP DPO MBT QFS OFSWJPTJTNP SBCJB WFSHàFO[B USJTUF[BVPUSPTFO DPUJEJBOB MPTSFTQFDUJWPTQSPZFDUPTEFWJEBZEBSMF
TPOBT RVF WBO B EFDMBSBS &O MP QPTJCMF  MBT FO UJNJFOUPGBWPSFDFSTVWFSCBMJ[BDJØOBOUFT BmOEF VOTFOUJEPSFQBSBEPSBMBFYQFSJFODJB
USFWJTUBT EFCFO GPDBMJ[BSTF FO MB TJUVBDJØO EF MB RVFQVFEBFOUSBSBEBSMBEFDMBSBDJØOFONFKPSFT t i&MUFTUJNPOJBSFOMBBVEJFODJBTFDPOWJFSUFFOVO
BVEJFODJB DPOEJDJPOFTQBSBUSBTNJUJSFMUFTUJNPOJP-BJOUFS QSPDFTPEFFOGSFOUBSMBQÏSEJEB EFSFDPOPDFSRVF
t #SJOEBSMBJOGPSNBDJØOOFDFTBSJB WFODJØOBZVEBBRVFFMFTUBEPEFJOUFOTBFNPDJØO MPQFSEJEPOPSFHSFTBSÈ TPMPRVFFTUBWF[DPOMB
t &YQMPSBS UFNPSFT  EVEBT  TFOUJNJFOUPT  SFTQFD TFBBUFOEJEP BRVFTFQSPEV[DBVOFGFDUPEFiEFT TFOTBDJØOEFRVFVOPOPFTUÈTPMP RVFIBZBMHVJFO
UPBMBBVEJFODJBTJOQSPQJDJBSRVFTFSFMBUFMBWJ DPNQSFTJØOwRVFMFQFSNJUBBMBQFSTPOBPSHBOJ[BS RVFBDPNQB×B BMHVJFORVFEJDFiZPTPZUVUFTUJ
WFODJBUSBVNÈUJDB MPRVFSFTVMUBCBTUBOUFEJGÓDJM NFKPSTVEJTDVSTPZEBSTVUFTUJNPOJPDPONFOPT HPw &+FMJO  
ZB RVF MBT WÓDUJNBT Z UFTUJHPT TF UPSOBO SFQFUJUJ BOHVTUJB t &MQSPDFTPEFTFHVJNJFOUPMVFHPEFMBTBVEJFODJBT
WPTQPSMPRVFMBDPOUFODJØOEFMBDPNQB×BOUFFT t 1SFTFODJBEFMBDPNQB×BOUFQTJDØMPHPEVSBOUFFM QÞCMJDBTFTNVZJNQPSUBOUFZBRVFMBTFNPDJPOFT
JOEJTQFOTBCMF  UFTUJNPOJP RVF TF HFOFSBO SFRVJFSFO TFS DPOUFOJEBT QPS VO
t 7JTJUBSZSFDPOPDFSMBTBMBEFBVEJFODJBTZMBEJTQP t $POUBS DPO TFSWJDJPT NÏEJDPT QVFT MBT QFSTPOBT BDPNQB×BOUFQTJDØMPHPRVFIBZBMPHSBEPVOCVFO
TJDJØOEFMPTFTQBDJPT QVFEFOOFDFTJUBSBUFODJØOQPSFMJNQBDUPEFMUFT WÓODVMPDPOFMUFTUJHP1PSMPRVFIBZRVFQSPQJDJBS
UJNPOJPBOJWFMGÓTJDP  VOFODVFOUSPRVFQFSNJUBBMPTUFTUJHPTFMBCPSBSFM
t $POUBSDPOVOUSBEVDUPSDBQBDJUBEPTJFMUFTUJNP NPNFOUPEFMBBVEJFODJB
 OJBOUFOPIBCMBFTQB×PM t 'PSUBMFDFSFMWBMPSEFMBFYQFSJFODJBZQPUFODJBMJ
 &O VOP EF MPT DBTPT oi*OTUJUVUP EF 3FFEVDBDJØO EFM
.FOPSwo BMQBESFEFVOBEFMBTWÓDUJNBTGBMMFDJEBTTV t 5FOFSFODVFOUBMBJODJEFODJBRVFQVFEFOUFOFSMBT [BSMPTFGFDUPTSFQBSBEPSFTEFMBNJTNB
GSJØVOBDSJTJTEFIJQFSUFOTJØOBSUFSJBMSFBDUJWBEVSBOUFFM
UFTUJNPOJP"MFTUBEPFNPDJPOBMEFMEFDMBSBOUFTFTVNØ EJGFSFODJBTEFHÏOFSPFOFMUFTUJNPOJP t "OBMJ[BS MBT QPTJCJMJEBEFT EF DPOUJOVBS DPO VO
MBEJmDVMUBEEFFYQSFTBSTFFODBTUFMMBOPMPRVFSFRVJSJØ t %VSBOUFMBBVEJFODJBFMQFSJUPEFCFUFTUJmDBSBDFSDB QSPDFTPQTJDPUFSBQÏVUJDPZWBMPSBSMPTBMDBODFTRVF
MBQSFTFODJB BDPNQB×BNJFOUPZUSBEVDDJØOEFMHVBSBOÓ 
MFOHVBNBUFSOBEFMUFTUJHPRVFGBDJMJUØRVFMBEFDMBSBDJØO EFMBTTFDVFMBTRVFFMIFDIPUSBVNÈUJDPIBQSPEV QPESÓBUFOFS
TFDPODSFUBSB DJEPFOMBTWÓDUJNBT-PTUFTUJHPTUJFOFOMBPQDJØO t 4FEFCFUSBUBSEFSFWFSUJSFMIFDIPEFRVF FOBM
 EFFTDVDIBSPOPMBEFDMBSBDJØOEFMQFSJUP1BSBMPT HVOPTDBTPT FMBDPNQB×BNJFOUPMVFHPEFMBTBV
 -BTNVKFSFTUJFOEFOBSFDPSEBSMPTFWFOUPTEFMBWJEBDP
UJEJBOBDPONÈTEFUBMMFTIBDJFOEPNBZPSFTSFGFSFODJBTB UFTUJHPTSFTVMUBSFDPOGPSUBOUFZBRVFFTVOBWBMJEB EJFODJBTOPFTQPTJCMFEFCJEPBRVFMBTWÓDUJNBT 
MPTWÓODVMPTEFJOUJNJEBEZBMBTSFMBDJPOFT NJFOUSBTRVF
MPTWBSPOFTUJFOFOBSFMBUBSEFVOBNBOFSBNÈTTJOUÏUJDB DJØOEFTVFYQFSJFODJB EFTQVÏTEFUFTUJNPOJBS EBOQPSDPODMVJEPFMQSP
ZDPOVOBMØHJDBSBDJPOBM DFTPZOPRVJFSFOIBCMBSNÈTEFMUFNB
 
 &OBMHVOPTDBTPT OPPCTUBOUF TFIBWJTUPDPNPDPOUSB  &O BMHVOPT DBTPT TF QVFEFO DPOmHVSBS  EF NBOFSB FT
QSPEVDFOUFRVFMBWÓDUJNBFTDVDIFFMQFSJUBKF TJOIBCFSMP QPOUÈOFB  HSVQPT EF GBNJMJBSFT EF WÓDUJNBT RVJFOFT FO BVEJFODJBT&OFTUBGBTFEFSFUPSOPBMQBÓTQPSMPHFOFSBM
DPOPDJEPBOUFT QVFTFMMPQVFEFBGFDUBSMPTQSPDFTPTEFSF MPTEÓBTQPTUFSJPSFTBMBTBVEJFODJBTZEVSBOUFFMWJBKFEF TPMJDJUBOTFHVSJEBEZQSPUFDDJØOMPRVFFWJEFODJBOVFWPT
DVQFSBDJØOFNPDJPOBM$PNPSFDPNFOEBDJØOTVHFSJNPT SFUPSOPBMQBÓTEFPSJHFOQVFEFOIBCMBSZDPNQBSUJSTVT UFNPSFTBSFQSFTBMJBT BNFESFOUBNJFOUPVIPTUJHBNJFO
RVFMBWÓDUJNBDPOP[DBQSFWJBNFOUFMPRVFFMQFSJUPIB FYQFSJFODJBT FYQFDUBUJWBTZUFNPSFTBTÓDPNPTVBQSFO UP&MBDPNQB×BOUFFOFTUBFUBQBDVNQMJSÈVOQBQFMJN
CMBSÈFOMB$PSUF FODBTPEFRVFFMJKBFTUBSQSFTFOUF EJ[BKFFODVBOUPBMBTWJWFODJBTPDVSSJEBTBMSFEFEPSEFMBT QPSUBOUFQBSBDPPSEJOBSMBQSPUFDDJØOBMPTUFTUJHPT
öï Instituto Interamericano de Derechos Humanos

$JFSUBTBDUJUVEFTSFQBSBUPSJBT DPNPEBSEJOFSP QSPNFTBT DPNJEB FUD MVFHPEFM


UFTUJNPOJP QVFEFOTFSEFBZVEBJONFEJBUBQBSBFMUFTUJNPOJBOUF4JOFNCBSHP TF
EFTBMJFOUBODPOEVDUBTEFFTUFUJQPQVFTQPESÓBOQFSEFSTFEFWJTUBBMHVOPEFMPTPC
KFUJWPTGVOEBNFOUBMFTEFMBTBVEJFODJBT DPNPMBEJHOJmDBDJØOEFMBTQFSTPOBTBGFD
UBEBTZNÈTCJFOMMFWBSBVOBSFWJDUJNJ[BDJØO
"QBSUFEFMBQPZPEFMQFSTPOBMDBQBDJUBEP MBTSFMBDJPOFTEFBQPZPFNPDJPOBMUB
MFTDPNPMBGBNJMJB MBTBNJTUBEFT MPTWÓODVMPTFTQJSJUVBMFTZSFMJHJPTPT TPOWÓBTQBSB
DBOBMJ[BSFMJNQBDUPSFDJCJEPQPSMPTUFTUJNPOJPT&OPDBTJPOFTMBQFSTJTUFODJBEFNB
MFTUBSFTGÓTJDPTPQTJDPMØHJDPTQVFEFTFSJOEJDJPEFRVFMBEFTDBSHBZFMBCPSBDJØOEFM
JNQBDUPFNPDJPOBMWJWJEPIBOTJEPJOTVmDJFOUFT&OFTPTDBTPT FTJNQPSUBOUFUPNBS
FODVFOUBMBBZVEBPQPSUVOBZDPOmEFODJBMEFMFRVJQPEFQTJDØMPHPT
$POWJFOF TVCSBZBS  BOUFT EF UFSNJOBS FM UFNB EF MBT BVEJFODJBT FO FM 4JTUFNB
*OUFSBNFSJDBOP MBOFDFTJEBERVFFYJTUFEFPGSFDFS FOMBNBZPSÓBEFMPTDBTPT BEFNÈT
EFVOBDPNQB×BNJFOUPDPZVOUVSBMBMBTWÓDUJNBTUSBTTVQBSUJDJQBDJØOFOMBBVEJFO
DJB MBQPTJCJMJEBEEFVOBQTJDPUFSBQJBDPNPQBSUFEFMBSFQBSBDJØOBMEB×PTVGSJEP

'BTFEFDJFSSFEFMBBVEJFODJBBDPNQB×BNJFOUPZTFHVJNJFOUPEFMBTFOUFODJB

$PODMVJEPFMMJUJHPEFVODBTP TFDJFSSBVOBFUBQBFOFTBCÞTRVFEBEFSFQBSB
DJØORVFFNQSFOEFOMBTWÓDUJNBTZDPNJFO[BVOBOVFWB FOMBRVFJHVBMNFOUFEFCF
SÓBHBSBOUJ[BSTFVOBBUFODJØOQTJDPMØHJDBBEFDVBEB&MOVFWPQSPDFTPZBOPWBBFT
UBSEFUFSNJOBEPQPSFMMJUJHJPTJOPRVFTFFOGPDBSÈFOMBTFYQFDUBUJWBTBDFSDBEFMB
TFOUFODJBZMPRVFEFCFSÈOBGSPOUBSMBTQFSTPOBTVOBWF[RVFMB$PSUFFNJUBFMGBMMP
ZFMDBTPTFDJFSSF
&TNVZJNQPSUBOUFFMDJFSSFEFMDBTPQVFTSFQSFTFOUBVOSFBDPNPEPEFMBWÓDUJNB
FOTVDPUJEJBOJEBEVODMBSPFKFNQMPTFQVFEFFODPOUSBSFOTVSFMBDJØODPOFMBDUJWJT
NPQPMÓUJDPRVFMBNPUJWØBMMFWBSTVDBTPBOUFMB$PSUF&TFWJEFOUFRVFMBMVDIBQPS
MBKVTUJDJBZDPOUSBMBJNQVOJEBE BTÓDPNPMBGPSNBDJØOEFPSHBOJ[BDJPOFTEFGBNJ
MJBSFTZEFCÞTRVFEBEFEFTBQBSFDJEPT DPOTUJUVZFOQSPDFTPTTVNBNFOUFSFQBSBEPSFT
QBSBMBTWÓDUJNBT1FSPFTUPTQVFEFOWFSTFBGFDUBEPTDPOFMDJFSSFEFMBFUBQBEFMJUJ
HJPQVFTFTBFOFSHÓBEFCFEJSFDDJPOBSTFIBDJBMBGPSNBDJØOEFOVFWPTQSPZFDUPTRVF
DPOUJOÞFOMBUBSFBEFSFQBSBDJØOJOUFSOB-BTQFSTPOBTRVFMMFHBOIBTUBMB$PSUFIBO
EFEJDBEPNVDIPTB×PTBBMDBO[BSMBKVTUJDJB MPDVBMFODJFSUPTDBTPTIBEBEPTFOUJEP
BTVWJEB"MHVOPTIBOEFTBSSPMMBEPVOBDUJWJTNPQPMÓUJDPZIBOEFTQMFHBEPSFDVSTPT
JOTPTQFDIBEPT"MPCUFOFSVOBTFOUFODJBEFMB$PSUF IBZVOTFOUJNJFOUPEFQÏSEJEB
EFVOBGPSNBEFWJEBQPSFMMPFTOFDFTBSJPBZVEBSMPTBSFEJSFDDJPOBSTVTSFDVSTPTZ
Acompañamiento psicológico y terapia psicológica öð

FOFSHÓBQTÓRVJDB TVTQSPZFDUPTQFSTPOBMFTZUSBCBKBSMBDVMQBRVFQVEJFSBEFTQFSUBSTF
QPSTFOUJSBMJWJPBTVUSJTUF[BBQFTBSEFMTVGSJNJFOUPEFTVTGBNJMJBSFT
"MBMV[EFMBTBOUFSJPSFTDPOTJEFSBDJPOFT FTDPOWFOJFOUFRVFFTUBTQFSTPOBTQVF
EBOTFSBDPNQB×BEBTFOMPTOVFWPTQSPDFTPTZFOMBSFFTUSVDUVSBDJØORVFUJFOFORVF
IBDFSGSFOUFFOTVDPUJEJBOJEBEZFOTVWJEBJOUFSOB6OQSPDFTPUFSBQÏVUJDPFTQFDJB
MJ[BEPQVFEFDPOUSJCVJSBRVFMPTOVFWPTQSPZFDUPTEFMBQFSTPOBTJHBOTJFOEPSFQBSB
EPSFTZMBFOFSHÓBJOWFSUJEBFOMBQSFQBSBDJØOEFTVDBTPTFFOGPRVFFOJOJDJBUJWBTRVF
DPOUSJCVZBOBMCJFOFTUBSNFOUBM&TJNQPSUBOUFNFODJPOBSRVFVODBTPRVFSFTVMUF
FYJUPTPFOUÏSNJOPTKVSÓEJDPTOPOFDFTBSJBNFOUFMPFTFOUÏSNJOPTQTJDPMØHJDPT&O
MPTDBTPTEFEFTBQBSJDJØOGPS[BEB BMOPSFBMJ[BSTFFMSJUVBMEFMFOUJFSSP FTQPDPQSP
CBCMFRVFTFMPHSFVOBMJWJPBQFTBSEFMBTFOUFODJB-PNJTNPTVDFEFFODBTPTEFUPS
UVSBEPOEFIBIBCJEPWJPMFODJBTFYVBM QVFTMPTEB×PTTPODSØOJDPT1PSUPEPFMMP FM
BDPNQB×BNJFOUPQTJDPMØHJDPPMBUFSBQJB TFHÞOFMDBTP EFCFSÓBDPOUJOVBS ZBTFBJO
EJWJEVBMPDPMFDUJWBNFOUF FOGBNJMJBTPDPNVOJEBEFT&OSFBMJEBE MPDFOUSBMFTRVF
TFBEFMBSHPBMDBODFZDPOQFSTPOBMFTQFDJBMJ[BEP
%FTEFMBFYQFSJFODJBEFM1SPZFDUPDPOMPTDBTPTEFUPSUVSBQSFTFOUBEPTBM4JTUFNB
*OUFSBNFSJDBOP TFSFDPNJFOEBRVFMBTTFOUFODJBTEFMB$PSUFPUPSHVFOBMBTWÓDUJNBT
MBPQDJØOEFUFOFSQTJDPUFSBQJBDPTUFBEBQPSMPTFTUBEPTFTUBEFCFTFSUPUBMNFOUFWP
MVOUBSJBZCSJOEBEBQPSQFSTPOBMFTQFDJBMJ[BEP&MUFNBEFMBFTQFDJBMJ[BDJØOEFMB
QFSTPOBPQFSTPOBTRVFSFBMJDFOMBQTJDPUFSBQJBDPOMBWÓDUJNBFTGVOEBNFOUBM QVFT
TFSFRVJFSFOQSPGFTJPOBMFTTFOTJCJMJ[BEPTBDBTPTEFWÓDUJNBTEFSFQSFTJØOQPMÓUJDB Z
RVFQVFEBOQPSMPUBOUPEBSTFOUJEPTPDJBMBMBQTJDPUFSBQJB-PBOUFSJPSQPESÈHB
SBOUJ[BSRVFFMQSPDFTPOPSFWJDUJNJDFZTFBWFSEBEFSBNFOUFSFQBSBEPS OPEFTEFVOB
UFPSÓB TJOPEFTEFMBQFSTPOBZTVDPNVOJEBE-PNÈTJNQPSUBOUFFTRVFFMQSPDF
TPQTJDPUFSBQÏVUJDPHJSFFOUPSOPBMBTOFDFTJEBEFTEFMBQSPQJBWÓDUJNB TVTBTQFDUPT
DVMUVSBMFTZTVJEJPTJODSBTJB

Psicoterapia: diferencias y semejanzas con el acompañamiento


psicológico

$PODFQUP

&MEFTBSSPMMPGPSNBMEFMBQTJDPUFSBQJBUJFOFBQFOBTVOPTB×PT EVSBOUFMPT
DVBMFTTFIBJEPFOSJRVFDJFOEPDPOMPTBQPSUFTEFUFPSÓBTEJWFSTBTMJHBEBTBMBFWPMVDJØO
EFMBTJEFBTZEFMBDVMUVSB4FIBOVUSJEP BTJNJTNP EFMBFYQFSJFODJBJOmOJUBNFOUF
WBSJBEBEFMPTWÓODVMPTJOUFSQFSTPOBMFTFTUBCMFDJEPTQPSMPTQSPQJPTQTJDPUFSBQFVUBT
öñ Instituto Interamericano de Derechos Humanos

1PSUPEPFMMP FYJTUFOBDUVBMNFOUFEJWFSTPTUJQPTEFQTJDPUFSBQJBQSBDUJDBEPTQPSMPT
QSPGFTJPOBMFTEFMBTBMVENFOUBMTFHÞOFMNBSDPUFØSJDPBMRVFTFBEIJFSBO
&OHFOFSBM TFQVFEFEFDJSRVFMBQBMBCSBQTJDPUFSBQJBBMVEFBVOBWBSJFEBEEF
NÏUPEPTQBSBFMUSBUBNJFOUPEFMPTEFTØSEFOFTQTÓRVJDPTPQTJDPTPNÈUJDPTRVFVUJMJ
[BOUÏDOJDBTQTJDPMØHJDBT-BQTJDPUFSBQJBTVQPOFVOBOFDFTJEBEEFBZVEBFTQFDJBMJ
[BEBQBSBFMBMJWJPEFEJGFSFOUFTGPSNBTEFTVGSJNJFOUPQTÓRVJDP QPSFMMPEFCFFTUBS
BDBSHPEFQSPGFTJPOBMFTDBQBDJUBEPT&OFMDPOUFYUPEFM4JTUFNB*OUFSBNFSJDBOP TF
EFCFSÓBDPOTJEFSBSRVFFTUPTQSPGFTJPOBMFTFTUÏOFOUSFOBEPTUBOUPFOMBEJNFOTJØODMÓ
OJDBDPNPFOMPTBTQFDUPTTPDJBMFT QPMÓUJDPTZKVSÓEJDPTRVFDPOnVZFOFOMBTWÓDUJNBT
EFMUFSSPSJTNPEF&TUBEP:BFOFM4JTUFNB*OUFSBNFSJDBOPFYJTUFOWBMJPTPTFKFNQMPT
EFTFOUFODJBTRVFJODPSQPSBOMBPCMJHBUPSJFEBEEFM&TUBEPEFSFTQPOEFSBMBEFNBO
EBQTJDPUFSBQÏVUJDBEFMBWÓDUJNB
&TJNQPSUBOUFSFJUFSBSRVFFMBDPNQB×BNJFOUPOPFTTVmDJFOUFQBSBSFTUBCMFDFS
DPNQMFUBNFOUFBMBQFSTPOBRVFIBTVGSJEPVOHSBWFRVFCSBOUPFOTVQTJRVJTNP EF
UBMNBOFSBRVFQVFEBEFTBSSPMMBSQPSTÓNJTNBIFSSBNJFOUBTRVFMFQFSNJUBOTFHVJS
BEFMBOUFDPOTVQSPZFDUPEFWJEBPDSFBSVOPOVFWP TFHÞOFMDBTP1BSBMBNBZPSÓB
EFMBTQFSTPOBTVOQSPDFTPUFSBQÏVUJDPSFTVMUBGVOEBNFOUBMDPNPBQPZPGSFOUFBMBT
SFQFSDVTJPOFTRVFMBTWJPMBDJPOFTBMPTEFSFDIPTIVNBOPTUJFOFOFOTVWJEB
1PSFTUBSB[ØOFTTJFNQSFSFDPNFOEBCMFRVFFOMPTDBTPTSFMBDJPOBEPTDPOMBUPS
UVSB MBTNFEJEBTEFSFQBSBDJØORVFTFJNQPOHBOBM&TUBEPSFTQPOTBCMFCVTRVFOOP
TPMPMBDPNQFOTBDJØOQPSMPTHBTUPTSFBMJ[BEPTFOFMUSBUBNJFOUPNÏEJDPZQTJDPMØHJ
DPEFMBTWÓDUJNBTZTVTGBNJMJBSFT TJOPUBNCJÏORVFMFTHBSBOUJDFOMPTSFDVSTPTQB
SBRVFDPOUJOÞFOEJDIPTQSPDFTPTDPOQSPGFTJPOBMFTDBMJmDBEPTZFTQFDJBMJ[BEPTRVF
TFBOEFTVDPOmBO[B/PEFCFQFSEFSTFEFWJTUB FOUPEPDBTP RVFMBQTJDPUFSBQJBUJF
OFRVFTFSWPMVOUBSJBQBSBTFSFGFDUJWB

%JGFSFODJBTFOUSFBNCPTBQPZPTQTJDPMØHJDPT

$VBOEPTFIBCMBEFBDPNQB×BNJFOUP TFIBDFTJFNQSFFOFMNBSDPEFMBBVEJFO
DJBZBRVFFMNJTNPUJFOFMVHBSBOUFT EVSBOUFZEFTQVÏTEFMBBVEJFODJB1PSTVQBS
UF MBQTJDPUFSBQJBTFSFmFSFBMÈNCJUPEFMBTSFQBSBDJPOFT
&MBDPNQB×BNJFOUPFOMBBVEJFODJBOPFTVOQSPDFTPRVFTFFYUJFOEFFOFMUJFN
QP DPNPTÓTVDFEFDPOMBQTJDPUFSBQJB TJOPRVFDPOTUJUVZFVOBDPNQB×BNJFOUPQVO
UVBM TJOFODVBESFTOJIPSBSJPTmKPT DPOVOBSFMBDJØONÈTTJNÏUSJDBFOUSFBDPNQB
×BOUFZBDPNQB×BEPRVFMBRVFTFQSPEVDFFOUSFUFSBQFVUBZQBDJFOUF
Acompañamiento psicológico y terapia psicológica öò

Cuadro 5. Diferencias entre acompañamiento y psicoterapia

"DPNQB×BNJFOUP 1TJDPUFSBQJB
BOUFT EVSBOUFZEFTQVÏTEFMBTBVEJFODJBT QPTUTFOUFODJB

-B NFUB EFM BDPNQB×BNJFOUP HFOFSBMNFOUF FT -BNFUBDFOUSBMEFMBUFSBQJBFTMBSFDVQFSBDJØOEFM


BDPNQB×BS JOGPSNBS BDMBSBS TPTUFOFS DPOUFOFS  GVODJPOBNJFOUPQTJDPMØHJDPEFMBGFDUBEPUSBUBOEP
FTDVDIBSZBQPZBS EFSFTUBCMFDFSMPTOJWFMFTQSFWJPTBMUSBVNB

/FDFTBSJBNFOUFMBTFYQFSJFODJBTEFEPMPSTFSFWJWJ "QPSUBSBMBFMBCPSBDJØOQTJDPMØHJDBEFMPTQSPDF
SÈOBMFWPDBSIFDIPTQBTBEPT QPSMPRVFMPTSFDVS TPTEFEVFMPZMBTFYQFSJFODJBTUSBVNÈUJDBTQSPEV
TPTQFSTPOBMFTEFMBGFDUBEPTFWFSÈOEFCJMJUBEPT&M DJEBTQPSFMJNQBDUPEFMBWJPMFODJBQPMÓUJDBZSFWJ
SPMEFMBDPNQB×BNJFOUPFTFOUPODFTEBSTPTUÏOZ WJEBTQPSFMKVJDJP
BQPZPBFTBWVMOFSBCJMJEBE
$POUSJCVJSBBUFOVBSMBTFYQFSJFODJBTEFEPMPS USB
&MBDPNQB×BNJFOUPQPUFODJBSÈMPTSFDVSTPTQFSTP CBKBOEPDPOMPTFGFDUPTHFOFSBEPTBQBSUJSEFMBWJ
OBMFTEFMBGFDUBEPQBSBRVFFTUFQVFEBCSJOEBSVO WFODJBUSBVNÈUJDB
UFTUJNPOJPBEFDVBEP
1SPQJDJBSMBSFDVQFSBDJØOZFMEFTBSSPMMPEFMPTSF
DVSTPT QFSTPOBMFT EFM BGFDUBEP RVF MB WJWFODJB
USBVNÈUJDB EFTFTUSVDUVSØ JNQJEJFOEP VO QSPZFD
UPBGVUVSP

&M WÓODVMP FOUSF FM BDPNQB×BOUF Z BDPNQB×BEP &MWÓODVMPFOUSFQTJDPUFSBQFVUBZQBDJFOUFFTBTJ


FTEFSFDJQSPDJEBEMPRVFJNQMJDBNBZPSTJNFUSÓB NÏUSJDP &M UFSBQFVUB Z FM QBDJFOUF UJFOFO SPMFT
FOMBSFMBDJØO NVZEFmOJEPT

&MBDPNQB×BNJFOUPQVFEFEBSTFDBTJFODVBMRVJFS -BTDPOEJDJPOFTQBSBEFTBSSPMMBSVOBQTJDPUFSBQJB
MVHBSRVFPGSF[DBQSJWBDJEBE/PSFRVJFSFRVFTFB UJFOFOVOBJNQPSUBODJBDBQJUBMFOUSFFMMBTFTUÈO
TJFNQSF FO FM NJTNP MVHBS $BEB SFVOJØO QVFEF VOMVHBSmKP VOIPSBSJPEFmOJEPZVOUJFNQPEF
TFSEJGFSFOUFFOEVSBDJØO HSBEPTEFDPNVOJDBDJØO  USBCBKPRVFTFFYQMJDJUBOFOVODPOUSBUPJOJDJBM-P
DBMJEBEZSFTVMUBEPT5PEPFMUSBCBKPEFBDPNQB RVFNBSDBMBQBVUBEFVOQSPDFTPUFSBQÏVUJDPFT
×BNJFOUP QVFEF SFEVDJSTF B VOB P EPT TFTJPOFT  QSFDJTBNFOUFMBmSNF[BZSJHJEF[EFMDVNQMJNJFO
DPNPQPESÓBTFSFMDBTPEFMPTEFDMBSBOUFTFOMBT UPEFFTUFDPOUSBUP1PSFKFNQMPFOMBQTJDPUFSBQJB
"VEJFODJBT1ÞCMJDBTFOFTUFTFOUJEPFMBDPNQB×B SBSBWF[IBZTFTJPOFTGVFSBEFMBTIPSBTQSFWJBNFO
NJFOUPFTQVOUVBM UFBDPSEBEBT

-BEVSBDJØOEFMBDPNQB×BNJFOUPFTUÈQBVUBEPEF &OUFSBQJBFMUJFNQPIBCJUVBMFTEFØNJOV
BOUFNBOP DPNP FO FM QSPDFTP UFSBQÏVUJDP  QFSP UPTQPSTFTJØO:TVEVSBDJØO QVFEFWBSJBSEFBMHV
QVFEFBMBSHBSTFEVSBOUFWBSJBTIPSBTDBEBWF[ OPTNFTFTIBTUBEPTB×PT TFHÞOFMDBTP
öó Instituto Interamericano de Derechos Humanos

"DPNQB×BNJFOUP 1TJDPUFSBQJB
BOUFT EVSBOUFZEFTQVÏTEFMBTBVEJFODJBT QPTUTFOUFODJB

&MBDPNQB×BOUFUJFOFNBZPSMJCFSUBEQBSBFMVTPEF &OMBQTJDPUFSBQJBFMVTPEFMBQBMBCSBEFCFMJNJ
MBQBMBCSB"MDPNQBSUJSNVDIBTIPSBTDPOMBTWÓDUJ UBSTFBUSBUBSMPTBTQFDUPTQSPQJPTEFMBUFSBQJBZOP
NBT TFHFOFSBOEJÈMPHPTRVFBWFDFTUPDBOBTQFDUPT SFTVMUBDPOWFOJFOUFRVFTFEFUFOHBFODPOWFSTBDJP
EFMBWJEBQSJWBEBEFBNCPT DVFTUJPOFTRVFIBCJ OFTBDFSDBEFMBWJEBQFSTPOBMEFMUFSBQFVUB&YJTUF
UVBMNFOUFRVFEBOGVFSBEFMWÓODVMPQBDJFOUFUFSB VOBBCTUJOFODJBEFMUFSBQFVUBRVFNBSDBTVGPSNB
QFVUB"QFTBSEFFTP FMBDPNQB×BOUFEFCFNFEJS EFDPNVOJDBSTFDPOFMQBDJFOUF
MPRVFNBOJmFTUBZMPRVFIBDF BDUVBOEPTJFNQSF
DPODBVUFMBQBSBOPBVNFOUBSMBBOTJFEBEFJODFS
UJEVNCSFEFMBQFSTPOB&MBDPNQB×BOUFTVFMFTFS
NÈTBDUJWPFOTVTJOUFSWFODJPOFT

(FOFSBMNFOUFFMBDPNQB×BNJFOUPUJFOFVOMÓNJ &OMBQTJDPUFSBQJBFTGVOEBNFOUBMUSBCBKBSZIBCMBS
UFEFUJFNQP QPSMPRVFFOEFUFSNJOBEPTNPNFO EFBRVFMMPTBTQFDUPTEPMPSPTPTEFMQBDJFOUFZUSBCB
UPTFMBDPNQB×BOUFEFCFSÈUPNBSMBEFDJTJØOEFOP KBSMPT BVORVFFTUPTJHOJmRVFRVFMBQFSTPOBBGFDUB
BCSJSUFNBTRVFQVFEFOEFKBSGSÈHJMZWVMOFSBCMFB EBQVFEBFOUSBSFOFTUBEPTEFGSBHJMJEBENPNFOUÈ
MBWÓDUJNB.ÈTCJFO QPSFKFNQMP BOUFTEFVOBBV OFPTQFSPOFDFTBSJPTQBSBFMQSPDFTP
EJFODJB FTJNQPSUBOUFTF×BMBSMPTSFDVSTPTEFMZP
EFMQBDJFOUF TVTGPSUBMF[BTZTVNBOFSBEFBGSPO
UBSMPTIFDIPTEPMPSPTPTFOFMQBTBEP

&M BDPNQB×BOUF QVFEF UPNBS BDDJPOFT DPODSFUBT &MUFSBQFVUBCVTDBSÈRVFMBQFSTPOBTFIBHBDBSHP


RVFBZVEFOBMBQFSTPOBBSFTPMWFSQSPCMFNBTJO EFTÓNJTNBZOPBDUVBSÈEFBDVFSEPBMBTEFNBO
NFEJBUPT QPSFKFNQMPEFSJWBSMPBTFSWJDJPTEFTB EBTDPODSFUBTEFMQBDJFOUF
MVEPMFHBMFT

&MBDPNQB×BNJFOUPFTFMQSJNFSQBTPFOMBTSFQBSB -BQTJDPUFSBQJBTFSÓBFMÞMUJNPQBTPEFSFQBSBDJP
DJPOFTEFOUSPEFM4JTUFNB*OUFSBNFSJDBOP OFTFOFMQSPDFTPEFMJUJHJP

&OFMBDPNQB×BNJFOUPQVFEFOQBSUJDJQBSNÈTQFS -B QTJDPUFSBQJB FT TJFNQSF VOB SFMBDJØO EF EPT 


TPOBTRVFQVFEFOTFSGBNJMJBSFTFJODMVTPMPTNJT BVORVF UBNCJÏO QVFEFO QBSUJDJQBS VOB QBSFKB P
NPTBCPHBEPTEFMDBTP VOHSVQPFTUBCMF

/FDFTJEBEEFQTJDPUFSBQJBQPTUFSJPSBMBBVEJFODJB
FOFM4JTUFNB*OUFSBNFSJDBOP

"MIBCMBSEFQTJDPUFSBQJBFOFM4JTUFNB*OUFSBNFSJDBOP SFTVMUBEFTVNBJNQPS
UBODJBSFDBMDBSMBOFDFTJEBEEFRVFFYJTUBMBQPTJCJMJEBEEFVOBQTJDPUFSBQJBQPTUF
SJPSBMBTFOUFODJB
"QFTBSEFMPEPMPSPTBRVFQVFEFSFTVMUBSQBSBMBTWÓDUJNBTMBEFDJTJØOEFSFDV
SSJSBMBKVTUJDJBJOUFSOBDJPOBMZEFSFWJWJSFMUSBVNBTVGSJEP MBTQFSTPOBTBGFDUBEBT
ZTVTGBNJMJBSFTTFFODVFOUSBOEFBMHVOBNBOFSBQSPUFHJEPTEVSBOUFFMQSPDFTPEF
Acompañamiento psicológico y terapia psicológica öô

MJUJHJP&TUÈOWJWJFOEPVOBFYQFSJFODJBQPSMBRVFIBCÓBOMVDIBEPEVSBOUFB×PT FOMB
RVFIBCÓBODJGSBEPNVDIBTFTQFSBO[BTZRVFIBCÓBONBOUFOJEPQPTUFSHBEP EFBMHV
OBNBOFSB FMEVFMPEFOVNFSPTBTQÏSEJEBT$VBOEPMBBVEFODJBUFSNJOB VOBFUB
QBEFTVTWJEBTDFOUSBEBDBTJDPNQMFUBNFOUFFOMBCÞTRVFEBEFMBKVTUJDJB TFDJFSSB
%FCFOCVTDBSVOOVFWPTFOUJEPBTVFYJTUFODJB NJSBSIBDJBEFMBOUFZSFDPOTUSVJSVO
OVFWPQSPZFDUP
&MBDPNQB×BNJFOUPMFTIBTFSWJEPQBSBTVQFSBSFTUBFUBQBEFFOGSFOUBNJFOUPDPO
BRVFMMPTRVFWJPMBSPOTVTEFSFDIPTZGVFSPOMPTDBVTBOUFTEFUBOUPEPMPSFOTVTWJEBT
1FSPBIPSB NVDIPTFOGSFOUBSÈOVOFYUSBPSEJOBSJPWBDÓP VOBJOUFOTBTFOTBDJØOEF
BCTVSEPZTJOTFOUJEPDVBOEPWVFMWBOBTVTDPNVOJEBEFTZEFCBOBDFQUBSRVFTVTTF
SFTRVFSJEPTFGFDUJWBNFOUFGVFSPOUPSUVSBEPT EFTBQBSFDJEPTZOPWPMWFSÈOKBNÈT
&TQFDÓmDBNFOUF MBTNFUBTRVFTFQSFUFOEFOBMDBO[BSNFEJBOUFMBQTJDPUFSBQJB
TPOMBTTJHVJFOUFT

t $POUSJCVJSBMBFMBCPSBDJØOQTJDPMØHJDBEFMPTQSPDFTPTEFEVFMPZMBTFYQFSJFO
DJBTUSBVNÈUJDBTQSPEVDJEBTQPSFMJNQBDUPEFMBWJPMFODJBQPMÓUJDBRVFIBOTJEP
SFWJWJEBTQPSFMKVJDJP

t $POUSJCVJSBRVFMBTFYQFSJFODJBTEFEPMPSEJTNJOVZBO USBCBKBOEPDPOMPTFGFD


UPTRVFTFIBOQSPEVDJEPBQBSUJSEFMBWJWFODJBUSBVNÈUJDB

t 1SPQJDJBSMBSFDVQFSBDJØOZFMEFTBSSPMMPEFMPTSFDVSTPTQFSTPOBMFTEFMBGFDUBEP
RVFMBWJWFODJBUSBVNÈUJDBEFTFTUSVDUVSØ

t 1SPNPWFS MB JOTFSDJØO FO PSHBOJ[BDJPOFT TPDJBMFT DPNP SFDVSTP MPDBM QBSB JO
WPMVDSBSTFFOPQPSUVOJEBEFTEFNFKPSBNJFOUPEFMBDBMJEBEEFWJEBZMBTBMVE
NFOUBM

"EJDJPOBMNFOUF  MBT QFSTPOBT QVFEFO CFOFmDJBSTF DPO EJWFSTBT JOUFSWFODJPOFT


DPNQMFNFOUBSJBTBMUSBUBNJFOUPQTJDPUFSBQÏVUJDPRVFFTUBSÈOJOEJDBEBTTFHÞOMBTJO
HVMBSJEBEZOFDFTJEBEFTEFMDBTP

t 5SBUBNJFOUP QTJRVJÈUSJDP $VBOEP FM BDPOUFDJNJFOUP USBVNÈUJDP QVFEF IB


DFS EFUPOBS QBUPMPHÓBT RVF OP IBCÓBO FDMPTJPOBEP IBTUB FTF NPNFOUP  QPS MP
RVF BMHVOBT QFSTPOBT SFRVFSJSÈO  EFQFOEJFOEP EF DBEB DBTP  VO USBUBNJFOUP
QTJDPGBSNBDPMØHJDP
öõ Instituto Interamericano de Derechos Humanos

t 'JTJPUFSBQJB&MUSBUBNJFOUPmTJPUFSBQÏVUJDPFTVOBDFSDBNJFOUPBMDVFSQPBGFD
UBEP QVFTMBUPSUVSBEFKBFOMBTQFSTPOBTTFDVFMBTGÓTJDBTRVFFYJHFOUSBUBNJFOUPT
QSPMPOHBEPT
t 0SJFOUBDJØOTPDJBM$POTJTUFFOEBSJOGPSNBDJØO QBVUBT DPOUBDUPTJOTUJUVDJPOB
MFTZPQDJPOFTQBSBSFBMJ[BSHFTUJPOFTEJWFSTBT DPOEVDFOUFTBPCUFOFSTFSWJDJPTZ
CFOFmDJPTQBSBMBTPMVDJØOEFQSPCMFNBT4FCVTDBPSJFOUBSBMBTWÓDUJNBTIBDJBMB
SFJOTFSDJØOFOMPTFTQBDJPTOBUVSBMFTEFMBTPDJFEBE QVFTRVJFOFTIBOTJEPBGFD
UBEPTQPSMBWJPMFODJBQPMÓUJDBFODVFOUSBOQFSUVSCBEPOPTPMPTVNVOEPJOUFSOP 
TJOPUBNCJÏOTVFTQBDJPQÞCMJDP FOQBSUFQPSMBFTUJHNBUJ[BDJØORVFMPTBDPN
QB×BZUBNCJÏOQPSRVFMBTSFEFTEFBQPZPTPDJBMRVFBOUFTTPQPSUBCBOFTFFTQB
DJPZBOPFTUÈO1PSFTUBSB[ØOUJFOFOMBUFOEFODJBBBJTMBSTF FTQFDJBMNFOUFMBT
QFSTPOBTEFTQMB[BEBTEFTVTMVHBSFTEFPSJHFO&OFTUPTDBTPTMPTHSVQPTEFBV
UPBZVEBTFDPOWJFSUFOFOVOJNQPSUBOUFGBDUPSEFBDPNQB×BNJFOUPBMSFTUBCMF
DFSFMWÓODVMPDPOMPTPUSPT%BEPRVFHFOFSBMNFOUFMBTQFSTPOBTBGFDUBEBTUJF
OFODBSFODJBTFDPOØNJDBT TFMFTBQPZBFOMBDPOGPSNBDJØOEFHSVQPTMPDBMFTEF
BVUPHFTUJØOQSPEVDUJWBZTFMFTCSJOEBPSJFOUBDJØOFODVBOUPBQSPCMFNBTEFWJ
WJFOEB TBMVE FEVDBDJØOZQSFWJTJØOTPDJBM
t 1SPNPDJØOEFHSVQPTEFBGFDUBEPT1VFEFOQSFTFOUBSTFEJWFSTBTNPEBMJEBEFTFO
MBTJOUFSWFODJPOFTEFDBSÈDUFSDPNVOJUBSJPHSVQPTEFSFnFYJØO PSHBOJ[BDJØOTP
DJBM JOUFSDBNCJPEFFYQFSJFODJBTZBVUPBZVEB&TUBFTVOBUBSFBEFNVDIBJN
QPSUBODJBFOFMQSPDFTPEFSFDVQFSBDJØOZBRVFFMHSVQP


$SFBMB[PTEFGSBUFSOJEBE QFSUFOFODJB FKFSDJDJPEFMEJÈMPHPQFSNJUFQPOFS
FODPNÞOJEFBTZTPMVDJPOFTBMJEFOUJmDBSTFDPOMPTQSPCMFNBTDPNVOFT


%BDPOUFODJØO DPNQSFOTJØO SFMBUJWJ[BTFOUJNJFOUPTEFTPMFEBE DSFBMB[PT
EFTPMJEBSJEBEZDBQBDJEBEFTEFBDUVBDJØOBVUØOPNBRVFMMFWBOBMBTQFSTP
OBTBUPNBSBDDJPOFTEFDJEJEBTQPSTVCJFOFTUBSDPODPODJFODJBEFGVUVSP


/FVUSBMJ[BFMBJTMBNJFOUPZFMTFOUJNJFOUPEFJODBQBDJEBEGSFOUFBMBWJEB


1FSNJUFPUPSHBSVOTFOUJEPBMEPMPS DBOBMJ[BSMBSBCJBEFVOBNBOFSBNÈT
BEFDVBEBZSFJWJOEJDBSBMBTWÓDUJNBT

t %JOÈNJDBTGPDBMFTFOQFRVF×PTHSVQPT&TUBBMUFSOBUJWBTFEFTBSSPMMBFOHSVQPT
QFRVF×PT EFVOBTEJF[QFSTPOBTFOQSPNFEJP QSFGFSJCMFNFOUFDVBOEPMBIJTUP
Acompañamiento psicológico y terapia psicológica öö

SJBEFWJPMBDJPOFTTVGSJEBTIBZBTJEPDPNQBSUJEBQPSUPEPT%VSBOUFMBTSFVOJP
OFTTFNBOBMFTQPSFTQBDJPoTFTJPOFTEFIPSBZNFEJBoFMPCKFUJWPFTWFSCBMJ
[BSMBTEJmDVMUBEFTRVFFYQFSJNFOUBO"NFEJEBRVFWBOBWBO[BOEPMBTTFTJPOFT 
TFJEFOUJmDBODPOnJDUPTZQSPCMFNBTTFFYBNJOBOMBTFTUSVDUVSBTGBNJMJBSFTGPS
NBEBTMVFHPEFMBDPOUFDJNJFOUPUSBVNÈUJDP4FWFSCBMJ[BMPTJMFODJBEPZTFBOB
MJ[BOMBTUFOTJPOFTJOUFSOBTRVFQSPEVDFODPOnJDUPT EJTGVODJPOFTZDSJTJTGBNJ
MJBSFT"TJNJTNPTFWBOEFTDVCSJFOEPGPSUBMF[BTZSFDVSTPTDPOMPTRVFDVFOUBFM
HSVQPQBSBFTUBCMFDFSVOQMBOEFUSBUBNJFOUPRVFQFSNJUJSÈTBOBSMBTIFSJEBT
t 3FTUBCMFDJNJFOUPEFWÓODVMPT&MBDPNQB×BNJFOUPEFTQVÏTEFMBTFOUFODJBUJFOF
VOBFYDFMFOUFWÓBEFJOUFSWFODJØOFOTVQPTJCMFBSUJDVMBDJØODPOMBTSFEFTDPNVOJ
UBSJBTZDPOMPTSFDVSTPTMBCPSBMFTZFEVDBUJWPTFYJTUFOUFT&ODBEBDBTPQBSUJDVMBS
EFCFOSFDSFBSTFFTUBTSFEFT QPSMPRVFFMBDPNQB×BOUFSFRVJFSFFTUBSFOVOBQP
TJDJØORVFMFQFSNJUBMBMJCFSUBEEFDPPSEJOBSBTVOUPTSFMBDJPOBEPTDPOMBTÈSFBT
FOMBTRVFTFEFTFOWVFMWFFMBDPNQB×BEPÈSFBTPDJBM FEVDBUJWB NÏEJDB KVSÓEJ
DB QPMÓUJDB FUD 3PTTJ  

-JNJUBDJPOFTEFMUSBCBKPJOUFSEJTDJQMJOBSJP

'JOBMNFOUF DBCFNFODJPOBSBMHVOBTMJNJUBDJPOFTEFMUSBCBKPJOUFSEJTDJQMJOBSJP
FOUSFFMFRVJQPEFTBMVENFOUBMZFMEFBCPHBEPT&OFTUBTQSPGFTJPOFTTFIBCMBOEPT
MFOHVBKFTEJTUJOUPTDPODØEJHPTEJGFSFOUFT&MMFOHVBKFEFMBCPHBEPDPOMMFWBVODØ
EJHPGPSNBMZPCKFUJWP DVZPmOFTUSBEVDJSBMMFOHVBKFKVSÓEJDPMBTFYQFSJFODJBTUSBV
NÈUJDBT EFUBMNBOFSBRVFMBTTFOUFODJBTCFOFmDJFOBMBTWÓDUJNBT1PSTVQBSUF FM
EFMQSPGFTJPOBMEFTBMVENFOUBMFTVOMFOHVBKFTVCKFUJWP TJOVOBMØHJDBGPSNBMQVFT
BMVEFBMBMØHJDBEFMJODPOTDJFOUFRVFFTBUFNQPSBMZBDFQUBMBFYJTUFODJBEFDPOUSB
EJDDJPOFT4VSPMFTEBSDVFOUBEFMBTVCKFUJWJEBEZEFMTVGSJNJFOUPEFMBTWÓDUJNBTBTÓ
DPNPEFMBTTFDVFMBTQSPEVDJEBTFOFMQTJRVJTNPQPSMPTIFDIPTEFWJPMFODJB
&TUBEJGFSFODJBQVFEFDPOWFSUJSTFFOVOBMJNJUBDJØOTJBNCPTQSPGFTJPOBMFTOP
TFEBOFMUJFNQP MBnFYJCJMJEBEZBQFSUVSBQBSBFOUFOEFSZSFTQFUBSFMMFOHVBKFEFM
PUSP4JMPMPHSBO QVFEFOBMDBO[BSVOBDPNQMFNFOUBSJFEBEFOFMUSBCBKPQBSBCFOF
mDJPEFMBWÓDUJNB
&MBCPHBEP EFCJEPBMBMØHJDBEFTVQFOTBNJFOUPZBMBTOFDFTJEBEFTEFMPTUJFN
QPTEFMQSPDFTPKVEJDJBM QVFEFJNQPOFSVOSJUNPZVOBTBDUJWJEBEFTRVFSFTVMUFO
JODPNQBUJCMFTDPOFMSJUNPZMBTOFDFTJEBEFTEFMQBDJFOUFBDPNQB×BEP1PSTVQBS
UF FMQSPGFTJPOBMFOTBMVENFOUBM FOGPDBEPDPNPFTUÈFOMPTBTQFDUPTBGFDUJWPTZ
ö÷ Instituto Interamericano de Derechos Humanos

FNPDJPOBMFTEFMBDPNQB×BEPQBDJFOUF QVFEFJHOPSBSPQBTBSQPSBMUPMPTFTUSJDUPTSF
RVFSJNJFOUPTMFHBMFTEFMMJUJHJP&TQPSFMMPRVFTFSFRVJFSFVOUSBCBKPFODPOKVOUP
"WFDFTMPTBCPHBEPTRVFTPOQFUJDJPOBSJPTEFMBEFNBOEBFOMPTQBÓTFTEFPSJHFO 
TFTJFOUFODPONÈTEFSFDIPTRVFFMBDPNQB×BOUFQFSJUP FOFTQFDJBMTJIBZVOWÓODV
MPQSFWJP EFNBZPSDPOPDJNJFOUPZUJFNQPDPOFMUFTUJHP&TUPQVFEFHFOFSBSDPO
nJDUPTDVBOEPFMBGFDUBEPMPRVFOFDFTJUBFTUSBORVJMJEBE BQPZPZDPNQSFOTJØO FO
MVHBSEFBVNFOUBSTVBOHVTUJBFJOTFHVSJEBE
"NCPTQSPGFTJPOBMFTEFCFOUFOFSFODVFOUBMPTSFRVFSJNJFOUPTEFMBTWÓDUJNBT
ZUFTUJHPT FMVEJFOEPFWFOUVBMFTOFDFTJEBEFTEFQSPUBHPOJTNPRVFNVDIBTWFDFTFT
UÈOQSFTFOUFT

Psicoterapia como forma de reparación a personas afectadas


por la violencia política

&TQFDJmDJEBEEFMUSBVNB

&MUSBVNB FOUÏSNJOPTHFOFSBMFT FTFOUFOEJEPDPNPVOFWFOUPRVFFTUÈGVFSB


EFMDPOUSPMEFVOBQFSTPOBZRVFBNFOB[BMBQSPQJBWJEBPMBEFPUSPT QSPWPDBOEPVO
NJFEPJOUFOTPTJORVFFYJTUBMBQPTJCJMJEBEEFIBDFSBMHPBMSFTQFDUP PEFSFTQPOEFS
EFNBOFSBBEFDVBEB ZRVFPDBTJPOBFGFDUPTQBUØHFOPTEVSBEFSPTFOMBPSHBOJ[BDJØO
QTÓRVJDB&MUSBVNBEFTJHOB BOUFUPEP iVOBDPOUFDJNJFOUPQFSTPOBMEFMBIJTUPSJB
EFMTVKFUP DVZBGFDIBQVFEFFTUBCMFDFSTFDPOFYBDUJUVE ZRVFSFTVMUBTVCKFUJWBNFOUF
JNQPSUBOUFQPSMPTBGFDUPTQFOPTPTRVFQVFEFEFTFODBEFOBS/PQVFEFIBCMBSTFEF
BDPOUFDJNJFOUPTUSBVNÈUJDPTEFVONPEPBCTPMVUP TJOUFOFSFODVFOUBMBATVTDFQUJ
CJMJEBE  QSPQJBEFMTVKFUPw -BQMBODIFZ1POUBMJT  
&OFMDBTPFTQFDÓmDPEFMBUPSUVSB OPTFUSBUBEFVOUSBVNBJOEJWJEVBMJ[BEP QVFT
UJFOFVOBFUJPMPHÓBTPDJBMZQPMÓUJDBBMNJTNPUJFNQP FTVOUSBVNBJOEVDJEPQPS
PUSPTTFSFTIVNBOPT"OUFFTUBTQBSUJDVMBSJEBEFT NVDIPTBVUPSFTQSFmFSFOIBCMBSEF
USBVNBUJ[BDJØOFYUSFNB IBDJFOEPBMVTJØOBVOBOBUVSBMF[BFTQFDÓmDBEFMUSBVNBRVF
UJFOF QPSMPUBOUP DPOTFDVFODJBTZTJOUPNBUPMPHÓBTQBSUJDVMBSFT BEFNÈTEFJNQMJDB
DJPOFTTPDJPQPMÓUJDBT%FFTUBGPSNB EJDIPDPODFQUPTFFOUJFOEFDPNP

VOQSPDFTPFOMBWJEBEFMPTTVKFUPTEFVOBTPDJFEBERVFTFDBSBDUFSJ[BQPSTVJO
UFOTJEBE QPSMBJODBQBDJEBEEFMPTTVKFUPTZEFMBTPDJFEBEEFSFTQPOEFSBEFDVBEB
NFOUFBFTUFQSPDFTP QPSMBTQFSUVSCBDJPOFTZMPTFGFDUPTQBUØHFOPTRVFQSPWPDBFO
MBPSHBOJ[BDJØOQTÓRVJDBZTPDJBM-BUSBVNBUJ[BDJØOFYUSFNBFTUÈNBSDBEBQPSVOB
Acompañamiento psicológico y terapia psicológica öø

GPSNBEFFKFSDFSFMQPEFSFOMBTPDJFEBE EPOEFMBFTUSVDUVSBQPMÓUJDBTFCBTBFOMB
EFTFTUSVDUVSBDJØOZFMFYUFSNJOJPEFBMHVOPTNJFNCSPTEFFTUBNJTNBTPDJFEBEQPS
PUSPTEFTVTNJFNCSPT #FDLFSZ$BTUJMMP  

1PSPUSBQBSUF BOUFMBTQBSUJDVMBSJEBEFTEFMPTDBTPTEFUPSUVSB TFIBCMBEFUSBV


NBTQSJNBSJPT TFDVOEBSJPTZUFSDJBSJPT

&OFMUSBVNBQSJNBSJP MBTWÓDUJNBTIBOUFOJEPVOBFYQFSJFODJBEJSFDUB DPNPWJPMB


DJØOZUPSUVSB FYJMJPGPS[BEPBRVFMMPTFYQVFTUPTBMUSBVNBTFDVOEBSJPTPOQBSJFOUFT
PBNJHPTDFSDBOPTEFMBTWÓDUJNBTEFMUSBVNBQSJNBSJP ZFMUSBVNBUFSDJBSJPBQB
SFOUFNFOUFBQBSFDFFOBRVFMMPTRVFUJFOFODPOUBDUPDPOMPTHSVQPTBOUFSJPSFT QPS
FKFNQMP UFTUJHPT WFDJOPT TPDPSSJTUBTZUFSBQFVUBT 4VNNFSmFME  

"TÓ MPTDBTPTRVFMMFHBOBM4JTUFNB*OUFSBNFSJDBOPTPONVZTJOHVMBSFT ZBRVF


OPTPMPTPOQSPWPDBEPTQPSPUSPTTFSFTIVNBOPT TJOPRVFSFTQPOEFOBVOTJTUFNB
EFSFQSFTJØOQPMÓUJDBQFSQFUSBEPQPSVO&TUBEPRVFEFCFSÓBQSPUFHFSBMPTDJVEBEB
OPTFOWF[EFUPSUVSBSMPTZNBUBSMPTFTUPDPOTUJUVZF DPNPZBTFNFODJPOØ VOFWFO
UPEFUSBVNBUJ[BDJØOFYUSFNB
&OFTUFTFOUJEP NVDIPTQSPGFTJPOBMFTEFEJDBEPTBMUFNBEFTBMVENFOUBMDPJODJ
EFOFOPUPSHBSVOFTUBUVTEFUSBVNBQTJDPTPDJBMBMBTTFDVFMBTEFMBWJPMFODJBQPMÓUJDB 
QPSRVFFMHSBEPEFBGFDUBDJØOFTUBOUPJOEJWJEVBMDPNPTPDJBMZDPONPDJPOBFMIÈCJ
UBU MBGBNJMJB FMFNQMFP MBTSFEFTTPDJBMFTZMPTWÓODVMPTi-BTFOTBDJØOEFEFTBNQB
SPOPFTUÈSFMBDJPOBEBÞOJDBNFOUFDPOMBQÏSEJEBEFGBNJMJBSFTPCJFOFTFDPOØNJDPT 
MBQPCMBDJØOTFTJOUJØBEFNÈTEFTBNQBSBEBQPSMBTJOTUJUVDJPOFTRVFUFOÓBORVFQSP
UFHFSMBZHBSBOUJ[BSMFKVTUJDJBw $PNJTJØOEFMB7FSEBE 1FSÞ  
-MFHBSBQSFTFOUBSVODBTPBOUFFM4JTUFNB*OUFSBNFSJDBOPJNQMJDBRVFZBMBQFS
TPOBIBEBEPBMHÞOTFOUJEPBMPTVDFEJEPZIBEJSJHJEPTVTFNPDJPOFTIBDJBMBCÞT
RVFEBEFMBKVTUJDJB)BZNVDIBTGPSNBTEFFMBCPSBSMPTEVFMPTRVFQSPEVDFOFTUBT
HSBWFTWJPMBDJPOFTBMPTEFSFDIPTIVNBOPT ZMBCÞTRVFEBEFKVTUJDJBZMBMVDIBDPO
USBMBJNQVOJEBEDPOTUJUVZFOVOPEFMPTQSPDFTPTNÈTSFQBSBEPSFT&OFTUFTFOUJEP 
FMMJUJHPEFVODBTPBOUFMB$PSUF*OUFSBNFSJDBOBEFCFDPOUJOVBSFOMBMÓOFBEFMBSF
QBSBDJØO UBOUPBMBIPSBEFFNJUJSMBTFOUFODJBDPNPBMPMBSHPEFMQSPDFTPEPOEFTF
WBMJEBOMBTFYQFSJFODJBTEFMBTQFSTPOBTZTVTMVDIBT


 %JWFSTPTFTUVEJPTEFNVFTUSBORVFMPTFGFDUPTQSPWPDBEPTTPONÈTTFWFSPTTJFMUSBVNBFTHFOFSBEPQPSVO
TFSIVNBOP
֕ Instituto Interamericano de Derechos Humanos

.FUBTEFMBQTJDPUFSBQJB

"DPOUJOVBDJØOTFIBDFVOCSFWFSFQBTPEFMBTNFUBTRVFPSJFOUBOMBFYQFSJFODJB
QTJDPUFSBQÏVUJDB FOQBSUJDVMBSDVBOEPTFUSBCBKBDPOWÓDUJNBTEFWJPMBDJPOFTBTVT
EFSFDIPTIVNBOPT

t %BSWP[BMPTJMFODJBEPFOVOFODVFOUSPRVFTFWJWFODJBDPNPOPEFTUSVDUJWP
&TUPFTGVOEBNFOUBMFOMPTDBTPTFORVFGVFSPOUPSUVSBEPTQBSBTJMFODJBSMPTDP
NPBDUJWJTUBTQPMÓUJDPT

t 3FMBUBSTVIJTUPSJBEFFWFOUPTOFHBEPTPOPFTDVDIBEPT MPRVFQFSNJUFDPOTUSVJS
TFOUJNJFOUPTEFBVUPWBMPSBDJØOZNBZPSDPOmBO[BFOTÓNJTNPZFOMPTPUSPT

t -BQPTJCJMJEBEEFRVFPUSPSFDPOP[DBMBWFSEBEEFTVIJTUPSJB&MUFSBQFVUBTFDP
MPDBDPNPTÓNCPMPEFMQSØKJNP DPOWJSUJÏOEPTFFOVOFTMBCØOEFMBDBEFOBEFSF
TPDJBMJ[BDJØO SFJOTFSDJØOZSFDVQFSBDJØOEFMBFTQFSBO[B&TFMFNFSHFOUFEFVO
DPMFDUJWPEJTQVFTUPBGBWPSFDFSMBWJEBEFFTBQFSTPOB

t %BSQBTPBMPTTFOUJNJFOUPTEFSBCJB EPMPS PEJPFJNQPUFODJBZEJSJHJSMPTQPSDB


NJOPTQSPEVDUJWPTZDSFBUJWPTDPNPMPGVFMMFWBSTVDBTPBOUFMB$PSUF

t 7PMWFSBWJODVMBSTFEFNBOFSBQPTJUJWBDPOFMFOUPSOPZBCSJSTFBOVFWBTGPSNBT
EFSFMBDJØOIVNBOB

t .BOFKBSMBGSVTUSBDJØODPUJEJBOB MBTEJmDVMUBEFTRVFMBSFJOTFSDJØOTPDJBMUSBF 
BDFQUBSFMNJFEPEFWPMWFSBTFSEFUFOJEP EFBGSPOUBSMBSFBMJEBEMVFHPEFIBCFS
TVGSJEPZQFSEJEPB×PTEFWJEB

t 3FDPOPDFSMBFTUJHNBUJ[BDJØORVFQVFEFEBSTFBEJGFSFOUFTOJWFMFT EFTEFMBQSP
QJBGBNJMJBRVFSFDSJNJOBFMIFDIPEFIBCFSTJEPEFUFOJEP IBTUBFOMBTSFMBDJPOFT
TPDJBMFT

t &OFMÈNCJUPGBNJMJBS GBWPSFDFSVODBNCJPRVFJOUFHSFFMEPMPSZMBTDBSFODJBT
RVFQFSNJUBMBJOEJWJEVBDJØOZFMEFTBSSPMMPQFSTPOBM MJCFSÈOEPTFEFNPEPTQFS
KVEJDJBMFTEFSFMBDJØORVFTVSHJFSPODPNPGPSNBTEFGFOTJWBTZQSPUFDUPSBTBOUFFM
USBVNB
Acompañamiento psicológico y terapia psicológica ÷ð

t 3FTUBCMFDFSMBDBQBDJEBEEFBVUPTPTUFOFSTFZTPTUFOFSBMBGBNJMJB

t 3FDPCSBSMBTIBCJMJEBEFTTPDJBMFTZMBDBQBDJEBEEFMPHSP

t 3FDVQFSBSFMTFOUJNJFOUPEFJEFOUJEBE/PTFEFCFDPOTUSVJSVOBJEFOUJEBETP
CSFFMQBTBEPUSBVNÈUJDPRVFQVFEFMMFWBSBMBWJDUJNJ[BDJØO BOVMBOEPMBTQPTJ
CJMJEBEFTEFSFUPNBSFMDJDMPWJUBMQSFWJP

t %JTUJOHVJSFOUSFQBTBEP QSFTFOUFZGVUVSP&ONVDIPTDBTPTTFWJWFFMQSFTFOUF
DPOOPTUBMHJBEFMQBTBEPZMFTSFTVMUBEJGÓDJMUFOFSVOBQFSTQFDUJWBEFWJEBIBDJB
FMGVUVSPQPSFTUBSmKBEPFOMPTSFDVFSEPT

t )BDFSVOUSBCBKPEFEVFMPFTUPTJHOJmDBRVFMBFOFSHÓBEFMTVKFUPRVFFTUÈiQSFTBw
FOFMEPMPSZFOMPTSFDVFSEPTUSBVNÈUJDPT QBTBBSFDPCSBSTVMJCFSUBEQBSBPUSPT
mOFTNÈTQSPEVDUJWPTZDSFBUJWPTBDFQUBOEPMBTBUJTGBDDJØOEFQFSNBOFDFSWJWP

t 'JOBMNFOUFFTDMBSPRVFFMIBCFSMMFWBEPFMDBTPBM4JTUFNB*OUFSBNFSJDBOPQVF
EFJNQMJDBSRVFFM&TUBEPBTVNBTVSFTQPOTBCJMJEBEZTFDPNQSPNFUBBSFQBSBS
FMEB×PFOBMHVOBNFEJEBTJOFNCBSHP FTUFQSPDFTPOPOFDFTBSJBNFOUFJNQMJDB
RVFMBTQFSTPOBTRVFWJPMBSPOTVTEFSFDIPTIVNBOPTTFBOFOKVJDJBEBTFOMBQSÈD
UJDB QVFTUPRVFFMMPFOPDBTJPOFTFTUÈEFUFSNJOBEPQPSVOBDPNQMFKBSFEEFWB
SJBCMFTRVFEJGÓDJMNFOUFQVFEFOOFVUSBMJ[BSTF&TUFFTVOBTQFDUPGVOEBNFOUBM
BUSBCBKBSFOVOQSPDFTPUFSBQÏVUJDPZBRVFQVFEFTVTDJUBSTFOUJNJFOUPTEFHSBO
GSVTUSBDJØO

$POTJEFSBDJPOFTJNQPSUBOUFTTPCSFMPTBMDBODFTEFMBQTJDPUFSBQJB

t &MEFTFPEFTBOBS&TJNQSFTDJOEJCMFQBSBFMÏYJUPUFSBQÏVUJDPDPOUBSDPOMBNP
UJWBDJØOZFMEFTFPEFTBOBSEFMBQFSTPOBQPSFMMPEFCFFYJTUJSMBQPTJCJMJEBEEF
EFKBSFTBPQPSUVOJEBEBCJFSUBQBSBFMNPNFOUPFORVFFMBGFDUBEPTJFOUBMBOFDF
TJEBEEFQBSUJDJQBSUBOUPFOVOBJOUFSWFODJØOJOEJWJEVBMDPNPHSVQBM/PIBZ
RVFPMWJEBSRVFUBNCJÏOFYJTUFOMBTQFSTPOBTRVFOPFTUÈOEJTQVFTUBTBFMBCPSBSMP
WJWJEP QPSRVFOPRVJFSFOQBTBSQPSFMEPMPSOVFWBNFOUFZQSFmFSFOFWBEJSTFEF
MPTSFDVFSEPT BVORVFQSFTFOUFOTÓOUPNBT QBSBQPEFSTFHVJSWJWJFOEP 4FNQSVO 
 -BQTJDPUFSBQJBOPFTVOEPORVFDVSBTJOPVOUSBCBKPRVFMBQSPQJBQFSTP
OBIBDF ZEFCFIBCFSFOFMMBVOBDIJTQBEFJOTUJOUPEFWJEB EFWPMVOUBEZEFTFP
֖ Instituto Interamericano de Derechos Humanos

EFSFTUB×BSMBTIFSJEBT"MSFTQFDUP+FMJO  OPTEJDFRVFMBQTJDPUFSBQJBFT


VOUSBCBKPEFMBNFNPSJBRVFTJUÞBBMBGFDUBEPFOVOMVHBSBDUJWPZQSPEVDUJWP 
ZBRVFDBEBQFSTPOBFTBHFOUFEFTVQSPQJBUSBOTGPSNBDJØO USBOTGPSNÈOEPTFBTÓ
NJTNPZBMNVOEPFOFTFQSPDFTP
t -BQBSBEPKBEFSFQBSBSVOEB×PJSSFQBSBCMF-BSFQBSBDJØOQTÓRVJDBFTVOBSF
QBSBDJØOBOJWFMTJNCØMJDPZBRVFOPFTQPTJCMFSFTUBCMFDFSMBTDPTBTBMNJTNPFT
UBEPFORVFTFFODPOUSBCBOBOUFTEFMFWFOUPRVFPDBTJPOØFMUSBVNB-BJEFBEF
SFQBSBDJØOQBSBMBTWÓDUJNBTEFWJPMFODJBQPMÓUJDBJNQMJDBSFDPOPDFSRVFFYJTUFVO
EB×PJSSFQBSBCMF QFSPRVFTJFTTVmDJFOUFNFOUFDPNQBSUJEPQPSMBTPDJFEBEOP
UJFOFORVFBGSPOUBSMPFOTPMFEBEFTUPUBNCJÏOJNQMJDBKVTUJDJB
t -BQTJDPUFSBQJBJOEJWJEVBMEFMBWÓDUJNBOPJHOPSBMBEJNFOTJØOTPDJBMEFMEB×P
-BQTJDPUFSBQJBOPFTVOBDPOEFOB NVZBMDPOUSBSJP TFUSBUBEFVOBPQPSUVOJ
EBE/PTFJOUFOUBSFEVDJSMBEJNFOTJØOQPMÓUJDBEFMBTJUVBDJØOBVOTVDFTPQSJWB
EPZBRVFTFUSBUBEFVOTVGSJNJFOUPFOHFOESBEPQPSFMTJTUFNBTPDJBM5BNQPDP
TFQVFEFDSFFSRVFTFUSBUFEFBOPSNBMJEBEFTOJEFMPDVSBTJOEJWJEVBMFTPQSJWB
EBT TJOPEFSFBDDJPOFTOPSNBMFTBBDPOUFDJNJFOUPTBOPSNBMFTRVFQPOFOFOQFMJ
HSPMBJOUFHSJEBEGÓTJDBZQTÓRVJDBEFMBTQFSTPOBT-BTWÓDUJNBTOPTPOiFOGFSNBTw
RVFOFDFTJUBOVOBUFSBQJB%FCFRVFEBSDMBSPRVFOPTPOQFSTPOBTFOGFSNBTFO
VOTFOUJEPDMÈTJDPTJOPRVFMBTTFDVFMBTQTJDPMØHJDBTTPOFMSFTVMUBEPEFVOBSVQ
UVSBEFMQSPDFTPWJUBM PSJHJOBEPQPSVOIFDIPEFMBSFBMJEBEEFEJNFOTJPOFTJO
NBOFKBCMFTQBSBFMQTJRVJTNPEFDVBMRVJFSQFSTPOB
t %JTUJOUBTJOUFSWFODJPOFTQTJDPTPDJBMFT-BQTJDPUFSBQJBFTVOBEFMBTWÓBTJNQPS
UBOUFTQBSBMBSFDVQFSBDJØOQTÓRVJDBEFMTVKFUPQFSPOPMBÞOJDB&TQSFDJTPUFOFS
FODVFOUBRVFFYJTUFOPUSBTNVDIBTJOUFSWFODJPOFTQTJDPTPDJBMFTHSVQBMFTZDP
NVOJUBSJBT DPNPEJOÈNJDBTEFHSVQP HSVQPTEFBVUPBZVEB FUD$PNPCJFOTF
×BMB+FMJO  i-BJNQPSUBODJBQFSTPOBMFJOEJWJEVBMEFIBCMBSZFODPOUSBS
VOBFTDVDIBOPEFCFSFFNQMB[BS PDVMUBSVPNJUJSMPTPUSPTQMBOPTEFMUSBCBKPEF
MBTNFNPSJBT FYJTUFVSHFODJBEFSFTQVFTUBTQPMÓUJDBT JOTUJUVDJPOBMFT KVEJDJBMFTB
MBDPOnJDUJWJEBEEFMQBTBEPBEFNÈTEFMBTQFSTPOBMFT TJNCØMJDBTZNPSBMFTw&T
UBODJFSUPRVFFMDVFSQPDPMFDUJWPOPQVFEFTVQFSBSMPUSBVNÈUJDPTJOPIBZEFWF
MBNJFOUPEFMBWFSEBEZWJHFODJBEFMBKVTUJDJB DPNPRVFOJOHÞOQSPDFTPEFKVT
UJDJBFTUÈDPNQMFUPTJOPTFMFEBBMBQFSTPOBMBPQPSUVOJEBEEFTBOBSNÓOJNB
NFOUFMBTQBSUFTEFTÓNJTNBEB×BEBTQPSFMBDPOUFDJNJFOUPUSBVNÈUJDP
Acompañamiento psicológico y terapia psicológica ÷ò

1TJDPUFSBQJBDPNPNFEJEBEFSFQBSBDJØOQSPOVODJBNJFOUPT
EFMB$PSUF*OUFSBNFSJDBOB

"DPOUJOVBDJØOTFIBDFVOSFTVNFOEFMPTDBTPTEFUPSUVSBZEFTBQBSJDJØOGP[B
EBEPOEFMB$PSUF*OUFSBNFSJDBOBIBJODMVJEPFMBQPZPQTJDPMØHJDPEFOUSPEFMBTNF
EJEBTEFSFQBSBDJØO
&O%VSÈOZ6HBSUF MB$PSUFSFDPOPDJØRVFFM&TUBEPTFPCMJHBCBBPUPSHBSQSFT
UBDJPOFTEFTBMVERVFJODMVZFSBOFMBQPZPQTJDPMØHJDPBMPTCFOFmDJBSJPTEFMBTSFQB
SBDJPOFTEVSBOUFUPEBMBWJEBEFMPTNJTNPT
&O MPT DBTPT TJHVJFOUFT  MB $PSUF IB PSEFOBEP USBUBNJFOUP QTJDPMØHJDP UBO
UP QBSB MBT WÓDUJNBT FO DBTP EF TFS TPCSFWJWJFOUFT  DPNP QBSB TVT GBNJMJBSFT 
$PNFSDJBOUFTi*OTUJUVUPEF3FFEVDBDJØOEFM.FOPSw1MBOEF4ÈODIF[)FSNBOBT
4FSSBOP$SV[$BFTBS(VUJÏSSF[4PMFS.BTBDSFEF.BQJSJQÈO&OMBTTFOUFODJBT 
MB$PSUFPSEFOBRVFFMUSBUBNJFOUPQTJDPMØHJDPEFCFTFSHSBUVJUPQBSBMBTWÓDUJNBT
RVFFM&TUBEPEFCFDSFBSVOQSPHSBNBFTQFDJBMJ[BEPRVFDPOTJEFSFMBTDJSDVOTUBODJBT
QBSUJDVMBSFTEFDBEBQFSTPOBZMBTOFDFTJEBEFTEFDBEBVOBEFFMMBT EFNBOFSBRVF
TFCSJOEFOUSBUBNJFOUPTDPMFDUJWPT GBNJMJBSFTFJOEJWJEVBMFTZRVFTFBSFDJCJEPDPO
FMDPOTFOUJNJFOUPEFMPTEFTUJOBUBSJPT
"TVWF[ MB$PSUFPSEFOBRVFMPTHBTUPTQPSUSBUBNJFOUPQTJDPMØHJDPGVUVSPTTFBO
QSFWJTUPTQPSFM&TUBEP DPNPBDPOUFDJØFO$BOUPSBM#FOBWJEFT#VMBDJP .PMJOB
DzFJTTFO)FSNBOPT(ØNF[1BRVJZBVSJ Z5JCJ 


 %VSÈOZ6HBSUFWT1FSÞ 3FQBSBDJPOFT 4FSJF$/P EFMEFEJDJFNCSFEF QSZQVOUPSFTPMVUJWP

 $PNFSDJBOUFTWT$PMPNCJB 4FSJF$/P EFMEFKVMJPEF QS

 i*OTUJUVUPEF3FFEVDBDJØOEFM.FOPSwWT1BSBHVBZ 4FSJF$/P EFMEFTFQUJFNCSFEF QS

 .BTBDSFi1MBOEF4ÈODIF[wWT(VBUFNBMB 3FQBSBDJPOFT 4FSJF$/P EFMEFOPWJFNCSFEF 
QST Z

 )FSNBOBT4FSSBOP$SV[ 4FSJF$/P EFMEFNBS[PEF QS

 $BFTBSWT5SJOJEBEZ5PCBHP 4FSJF$/P EFMEFNBS[PEF QS

 (VUJÏSSF[4PMFSWT$PMPNCJB 4FSJF$/P EFMEFTFQUJFNCSFEF QST

 .BTBDSFi.BQJSJQÈOwWT$PMPNCJB 4FSJF$/P EFMEFTFQUJFNCSFEF QS

 $BOUPSBM#FOBWJEFTWT1FSÞ 3FQBSBDJPOFT 4FSJF$/P EFMEFEJDJFNCSFEF QSG 

 #VMBDJPWT"SHFOUJOB 4FSJF$/P EFMEFTFQUJFNCSFEF QS

 .PMJOBDzFJTTFOWT(VBUFNBMB 3FQBSBDJPOFT 4FSJF$/P EFMEFKVMJPEF QS

 )FSNBOPT(ØNF[1BRVJZBVSJWT1FSÞ 4FSJF$/P EFMEFKVMJPEF QS

 5JCJWT&DVBEPS 4FSJF$/P EFMEFTFQUJFNCSFEF QS
÷ó Instituto Interamericano de Derechos Humanos

%FJHVBMNBOFSBFYJTUFODBTPTFOMPTDVBMFTTFMFIBJNQVFTUPBM&TUBEPMBPCMJHB
DJØOEFDVCSJSMPTHBTUPTEFUSBUBNJFOUPTQTJDPMØHJDPTFOMPTRVFQSFWJBNFOUFIBCÓBO
JODVSSJEPMPTGBNJMJBSFT BSBÓ[EFMBWJPMBDJØOEFEFSFDIPTIVNBOPTEFTVGBNJMJBS 
DPNPTPO#ÈNBDB7FMÈTRVF[ +VBO)VNCFSUP4ÈODIF[ )FSNBOPT(ØNF[1BRVJ
ZBVSJ  $BSQJP/JDPMMFZPUSPT .ZSOB.BDL$IBOH  Z#MBODP3PNFSPZPUSPT 
4FIBQPEJEPPCTFSWBSRVFIBTUBFMNPNFOUP QBSBSFTUJUVJSMPTEB×PTQSPEVDUP
EFMBWJPMFODJB KVSÓEJDBNFOUFTFIBDPOTJEFSBEPVOBJOEFNOJ[BDJØOBMEB×PJONB
UFSJBM+VTUBNFOUFQPSFMMPMBTTFDVFMBTQSPEVDJEBTQPSMBUPSUVSB EFTBQBSJDJØOGPS[B
EBZPUSBTWJPMBDJPOFTBMPTEFSFDIPTIVNBOPT DBVTBOUBNCJÏOZFTQFDÓmDBNFOUFVO
EB×PQTJDPMØHJDPoTJOEFKBSEFMBEPMPTBTQFDUPTTPDJBMFTZDPNVOJUBSJPToQPSFMMP 
CVTDBOTFSSFQBSBEBTCBKPFTUFUÓUVMP
&OUSFMBTTFOUFODJBTEFSFQBSBDJPOFTIBTUBBIPSBEJDUBNJOBEBTQPSMB$PSUF TF
FODVFOUSBOMBTEF4BUJTGBDDJØOZHBSBOUÓBEFOPSFQFUJDJØO-BTNJTNBTBMVEFOBGPS
NBTEFSFQBSBDJØORVFOPUJFOFOBMDBODFQFDVOJBSJP BTÓDPNPBNFEJEBTEFiBMDBO
DFPSFQFSDVTJØOQÞCMJDBw UBMFTDPNPEJTDVMQBTQÞCMJDBT QSPHSBNBTEFDBQBDJUBDJØO
FOEFSFDIPTIVNBOPTQBSBBHFOUFTFTUBUBMFT PQFSFOOJ[BDJØOEFMOPNCSFEFMBTWÓD
UJNBTFODBMMFT QMB[BTPFTDVFMBT4POGPSNBTDPMFDUJWBTEFSFQBSBDJØOTJNCØMJDB FO
ÈNCJUPTDPNVOJUBSJPT RVFQSPQJDJBOFMSFDPOPDJNJFOUPZBDFQUBDJØOQPSQBSUFEFM
&TUBEPEFTVSFTQPOTBCJMJEBEQPSFMEB×PQSPEVDJEPZFOEFTBHSBWJPBMBTWÓDUJNBT
1PSFKFNQMP FOVODBTPMBSFQBSBDJØODPOTJTUJØFOSFBMJ[BSVOBDUPQÞCMJDPEFSFDP
OPDJNJFOUPEFMEB×P UBOUPFOFTQB×PMDPNPFOMBMFOHVBNBUFSOBEFMBTWÓDUJNBT 
DPOMBQSFTFODJBEFBMUBTBVUPSJEBEFTEFM&TUBEP MPTMÓEFSFTEFMBTDPNVOJEBEFTBGFD
UBEBTZMBTGBNJMJBTEFMBTWÓDUJNBT FOTVQSPQJBBMEFB


 #ÈNBDB7FMÈTRVF[WT(VBUFNBMB 3FQBSBDJPOFT 4FSJF$/P EFMEFGFCSFSPEF QSC 

 +VBO)VNCFSUP4ÈODIF[WT)POEVSBT 4FSJF$/P EFMEFKVOJPEF QSD 

 )FSNBOPT(ØNF[1BRVJZBVSJWT1FSÞ 4FSJF$/P EFMEFKVMJPEF QS

 $BSQJP/JDPMMFZPUSPTWT(VBUFNBMB 4FSJF$/P EFMEFOPWJFNCSFEF QST

 .ZSOB.BDL$IBOHWT(VBUFNBMB 4FSJF$/P EFMEFOPWJFNCSFEF QS

 #MBODP3PNFSPZPUSPTWT1FSÞ 4FSJF$/P EFMEFOPWJFNCSFEF QST

 .BTBDSFEFi1MBOEF4ÈODIF[w 4FSJF$/P EFMEFOPWJFNCSFEF QST
Acompañamiento psicológico y terapia psicológica ÷ô

Abordaje para las sentencias de reparaciones

&OMPTQBÓTFTMBUJOPBNFSJDBOPT FMBCPSEBKFEFMBTWÓDUJNBTEFWJPMFODJBQPMÓUJDBIB
UFOJEPEJTUJOUBTUFOEFODJBT&OÏQPDBTEFEJDUBEVSB TFSFBMJ[BCBEFNBOFSBDMBOEFT
UJOBEFCJEPBMDPOUFYUPQPMÓUJDPBNFOB[BOUF&MUFSSPSZFMTJMFODJBNJFOUPTPDJBMIB
DÓBORVFMPTBGFDUBEPTUVWJFSBONJFEPEFBDVEJSBJOTUJUVDJPOFTPmDJBMFT QPSMPRVF
MBBTJTUFODJBTFSFBMJ[BCBGVFSBEFMPTEJTQPTJUJWPTEFTBMVEEFMBQBSBUPFTUBUBMQBSBHB
SBOUJ[BSMBDPOmBO[B4FCSJOEBSPOUSBUBNJFOUPTJOEJWJEVBMFTZGBNJMJBSFTEFPSJFO
UBDJØOBOBMÓUJDBRVFQPTUFSJPSNFOUF FOQFSJPEPTEFEFNPDSBDJB TFUSBOGPSNBSPOFO
VOBCPSEBKFHSVQBMBMGBDJMJUBSMBDSFBDJØOEFHSVQPTEFBVUPBZVEB1PTUFSJPSNFOUF
TFEJTF×BSPOQSPHSBNBTJOUFHSBMFTNÏEJDPQTJDPMØHJDPT EFOUSPEFMPTDVBMFTTFMMFWB
CBBDBCPQTJDPUFSBQJBJOEJWJEVBM BOBMÓUJDBZTJTUÏNJDB RVFDPOTJEFSBCBMPTFGFDUPT
QTÓRVJDPT GÓTJDPTZTPDJBMFTNÈTUBSEFTFQFSDJCJØMBOFDFTJEBEEFQSPQJDJBSBDDJPOFT
QTJDPTPDJBMFTRVFGVFSBONÈTBMMÈEFMPJOEJWJEVBM&OPUSBTFYQFSJFODJBTIJTUØSJDBTTF
IBGBWPSFDJEPMBDSFBDJØOEFSFEFTTPDJBMFTEFDPOUFODJØOZBTJTUFODJBWJODVMBEBTDPO
JOTUJUVDJPOFTHVCFSOBNFOUBMFTZOPHVCFSOBNFOUBMFT
"QBSUJSEFMBFYQFSJFODJBIBCJEBFOFM$FOUSPEF"UFODJØO1TJDPTPDJBM $"14 
BMPMBSHPEFEPDFB×PTEFUSBCBKPDPOBGFDUBEPTQPSMBWJPMFODJBQPMÓUJDBFO1FSÞ TF
QSPQPOFFMBCPSEBKFRVFTFEFTBSSPMMBBDPOUJOVBDJØO

1TJDPUFSBQJBDPOFOGPRVFTPDJBM

4FIBTVCSBZBEPFOMBTQÈHJOBTBOUFSJPSFTMBNBOFSBFORVFFMQSPDFTPEFWJPMFO
DJBQPMÓUJDBTFIBJOTUBMBEPFOFMNVOEPJOUFSOPZSFMBDJPOBMEFMBTQFSTPOBTEFKBOEP
IVFMMBTRVFTFSFHJTUSBOZQFSNBOFDFOMBUFOUFT&MQSPDFTPEFMQFSJUBKFZMBTBVEJFO
DJBTBOUFMB$PNJTJØOZMB$PSUF*OUFSBNFSJDBOBEF%FSFDIPT)VNBOPTJOEVDFOB
MPTBGFDUBEPTBSFWJWJSFMEPMPSRVFFMBDPOUFDJNJFOUPUSBVNÈUJDPQSPWPDØ QPSMPRVF
SFTVMUBGVOEBNFOUBMGBDJMJUBSQSPDFTPTEFBOÈMJTJTZFMBCPSBDJØOEFMPTUFTUJNPOJPTBTÓ
DPNPEFMBFYQFSJFODJBUSBVNÈUJDB
1BSBFMMPQSPQPOFNPTRVFFOMBTFOUFODJBEFSFQBSBDJØOTFJODMVZBMBBUFODJØOQSP
GFTJPOBMEFMEB×PQTJDPMØHJDPDPNPTFIBTVTUFOUBEPBOUFSJPSNFOUF
6OFOGPRVFQTJDPTPDJBMTJHOJmDB

t +VOUPBMBJOUFSWFODJØODMÓOJDBJOEJWJEVBMTFDPOUFNQMBSÈOBDDJPOFTNÏEJDBT TP


DJBMFT HSVQBMFTZDPNVOJUBSJBTTFHÞOMBTOFDFTJEBEFTEFMBTWÓDUJNBTZPUFTUJHPT
RVFTFSÈODPNQMFNFOUBSJBTBMBQTJDPUFSBQJB
÷õ Instituto Interamericano de Derechos Humanos

t &MFOGPRVFQTJDPTPDJBMQPESÈBSUJDVMBSMBMBCPSQTJDPUFSBQÏVUJDBJOUFHSBOEPMBQTJ
DPMPHÓBTPDJBMZDPNVOJUBSJB FMUSBCBKPTPDJBM MBmTJPUFSBQJBZMBJOUFSWFODJØONÏ
EJDPQTJRVJÈUSJDBZQSPWFFSÈBMTVKFUPEFVOBNCJFOUFRVFTFNPWJMJDFFOGVODJØO
EFTVTQBSUJDVMBSFTOFDFTJEBEFT

t -BQPTJDJØOEFOFVUSBMJEBEFTSFMBUJWBDVBOEPTFUSBCBKBFOFMDBNQPEFMPTEFSF
DIPTIVNBOPT ZBRVFFMUFSBQFVUBUJFOFVOBQPTJDJØOBQSJPSJBMSFBMJ[BSMBUFSB
QJBFOFMDPOUFYUPEFVOBJOTUJUVDJØORVFMPTEFmFOEF4FEBOFOFTUFTFOUJEPEPT
OJWFMFTEFSFQBSBDJØOFMQSJNFSPBUSBWÏTEFMWÓODVMPDPOFMUFSBQFVUBZVOTFHVO
EP BQBSUJSEFMBSFMBDJØODPOMB*OTUJUVDJØORVFWBBGVODJPOBSDPNPVOPSHBOJ
[BEPSQTJDPTPDJBM BMDPOTUJUVJSTFFOVOiUFSDFSPwRVFSFTHVBSEBBMQBDJFOUFEFMB
QBSUFEFSFBMJEBEFYUFSOBRVFBDUVØJNQVOFNFOUF

t &OFTUFUJQPEFDBTPTMBWBSJBCMFiNVOEPFYUFSOPwFTDMBWF ZBRVFMPTUSBTUPSOPT


RVFQSFTFOUBOMPTBGFDUBEPTUJFOFOVOPSJHFOQTJDPTPDJBMEPOEFFMBHFOUFQFSUVSCB
EPSJSSVNQFEFTEFFMBGVFSBFOMBDPOUJOVJEBEEFMBWJEBEFMTVKFUP-BTSFTQVFTUBT
FNPDJPOBMFTGSFOUFBFTUPTIFDIPTOPQVFEFOTFSUJQJmDBEBTDPNPQBUPMPHÓBQSP
WFOJFOUFEFMTVKFUP TJOPDPNPSFBDDJPOFTFTQFSBCMFTGSFOUFBIFDIPTNVZJOUFO
TPTRVFJOVOEBOEFIPSSPSFMQTJRVJTNPZUSBFODPNPDPOTFDVFODJBEJWFSTPTUSBT
UPSOPTRVFHFOFSBOVOBSFTQPOTBCJMJEBEEFSFQBSBDJØOQPSQBSUFEFM&TUBEP4J
FM&TUBEPMPTEB×ØFTÏMRVJFOUJFOFRVFQSPQPSDJPOBSMPTSFDVSTPTZTFSWJDJPTRVF
TFSFRVJFSFO4JOFNCBSHPNVDIBTWFDFTFM&TUBEPOPUJFOFMBFTQFDJmDJEBEEFMB
BUFODJØOFOFTUPTDBTPT QPSMPRVFFTUBUFOESÓBRVFTFSBSUJDVMBEBDPOPSHBOJ[B
DJPOFTRVFTÓMBUFOHBO

t &MUJFNQPRVFMBTQFSTPOBTOFDFTJUBOQBSBSFTUBCMFDFSFMFRVJMJCSJPFNPDJPOBMFT
WBSJBCMFZEFQFOEFUBOUPEFMBJOUFHSBDJØOFNPDJPOBMBOUFSJPSDPNPEFMBWVMOF
SBCJMJEBEGSFOUFBMBJOUFOTJEBEEFMIFDIPUSBVNÈUJDP

t -BQTJDPUFSBQJBUFOESÈNFKPSSFTVMUBEPTJWBBDPNQB×BEBEFVOSFDPOPDJNJFOUP
EFQBSUFEFM&TUBEPEFTVSFTQPOTBCJMJEBEZEFMSFDPOPDJNJFOUPEFMEFSFDIPEF
MPTBGFDUBEPTBMBTSFQBSBDJPOFT


 &TFMDBTPEF$IJMFDPOFM1SPHSBNB13"*4 FMDVBMDPOWPDØBPSHBOJ[BDJPOFTZQSPGFTJPOBMFTEFTBMVE
NFOUBMZEFSFDIPTIVNBOPTQBSBMBJNQMFNFOUBDJØOEFVOQSPHSBNBEFSFQBSBDJPOFTFOTBMVE
Acompañamiento psicológico y terapia psicológica ÷ö

1PSPUSBQBSUFMBHSBWFEBEEFMBTJUVBDJØOQVFEFFWBMVBSTFUFOJFOEPFODVFOUBFM
UJQPEFWJPMFODJBTVGSJEB MBGSFDVFODJBEFMPTTÓOUPNBT TVEVSBDJØO MBNBHOJUVEEFM
TVGSJNJFOUP MBTDPOEJDJPOFTTPDJBMFTBMBTRVFMBWÓDUJNBPUFTUJHPFTUÏOFYQVFTUPTo
QPSFKFNQMPTJTVJOUFHSJEBEGÓTJDBZQTJDPMØHJDBDPOUJOÞBFOSJFTHPo MPTSFDVSTPTEF
MBWÓDUJNB MBIJTUPSJBQSFWJBBMIFDIPUSBVNÈUJDP MBFTUSVDUVSBEFQFSTPOBMJEBEQSF
WJBBMUSBVNB MBFEBEZDJSDVOTUBODJBTFORVFMBWJWFODJBUSBVNÈUJDBPDVSSJØ

0CKFUJWPTEFMBQTJDPUFSBQJBQPTUFSJPSBMBBVEJFODJB
FOFM4JTUFNB*OUFSBNFSJDBOP

-BQTJDPUFSBQJBQPTUFSJPSBMBBVEJFODJBFOFM4JTUFNB*OUFSBNFSJDBOPTFFONBSDB
EFOUSPEFMPCKFUJWPEFQSPNPWFSMBSFDVQFSBDJØOEFMBTBMVENFOUBMZDBMJEBEEFWJEB
EFMBTQFSTPOBTBGFDUBEBTQPSMBWJPMFODJBQPMÓUJDBDPNPQBSUFEFMBSFQBSBDJØOBMEB
×PTVGSJEP ZFOFTFTFOUJEPCVTDBO

t $POUSJCVJSBMBFMBCPSBDJØOQTJDPMØHJDBEFMPTQSPDFTPTEFEVFMPZMBTFYQFSJFODJBT
USBVNÈUJDBTQSPEVDJEBTQPSFMJNQBDUPEFMBWJPMFODJBQPMÓUJDBZSFWJWJEBTQPSFM
KVJDJP

t $POUSJCVJSBRVFMBTFYQFSJFODJBTEFEPMPSEJTNJOVZBO USBCBKBOEPDPOMPTFGFD
UPTRVFTFIBOQSPEVDJEPBQBSUJSEFMBWJWFODJBUSBVNÈUJDB

t 1SPQJDJBSMBSFDVQFSBDJØOZFMEFTBSSPMMPEFMPTSFDVSTPTQFSTPOBMFTEFMBGFDUBEP
RVFMBWJWFODJBUSBVNÈUJDBEFTBSUJDVMØ

t 1SPNPWFSMBJOTFSDJØOBPSHBOJ[BDJPOFTTPDJBMFTBmOEFRVFTFDPOTUJUVZBFOVO
SFDVSTPMPDBMQBSBBSUJDVMBSTFBPQPSUVOJEBEFTEFNFKPSBNJFOUPEFMBDBMJEBEEF
WJEBZMBTBMVENFOUBM
÷÷ Instituto Interamericano de Derechos Humanos

A manera de conclusión…

&TUFFTGVFS[PJNQMFNFOUBEP UBOUPFOFYQFSJFODJBTOBDJPOBMFTDPNPJOUFSOBDJP
OBMFT QPOFEFNBOJmFTUPMBOFDFTJEBEEFSFQFOTBSMPTFTDFOBSJPTKVEJDJBMFT-BWÓDUJ
NBQPSMPHFOFSBMOFDFTJUBZSFRVJFSFUBOUPBDPNQB×BNJFOUPDPNPUSBUBNJFOUPQTJ
DPMØHJDPFOEJGFSFOUFTNPNFOUPT5SBEJDJPOBMNFOUFFMFTDFOBSJPKVEJDJBMIBTJEPVO
FTQBDJPNPOPQPMJ[BEPQPSMPTTBCFSFTKVSÓEJDPT/PIBZEVEBRVFEFCFTFSVOÈNCJ
UPFTFODJBMNFOUFEFEJDBEPBMBCÞTRVFEBEFMBKVTUJDJBQPSNFEJPEFVOBNFUPEPMP
HÓBKVSÓEJDBTVTUFOUBEBFOBSHVNFOUBDJØOZFWJEFODJBTQFSPJHVBMNFOUFFTBEJOÈNJ
DBOPEFCFEFTDPOPDFSMBTOFDFTJEBEFTEFMBWÓDUJNBZEFTVTGBNJMJBSFT&TUPQMBOUFB
ZSFEJNFOTJPOBMBJOUFSBDDJØOFOUSFBCPHBEPTZQTJDØMPHPT MPRVFPCMJHBBDPOTPMJEBS
FTUSBUFHJBTJOUFHSBEBTEFUSBCBKP
Acompañamiento psicológico y terapia psicológica ÷ø

Bibliografía

"CBEJ 4POJB  5SBOTJDJPOFT#VFOPT"JSFT "SHFOUJOB&EJUPSJBM-VNFO


"TPDJBDJØOEF&TDVFMB"SHFOUJOBEF1TJDPUFSBQJBQBSB(SBEVBEPT  'JHVSBTEFMPUSBVNÈUJDP
#VFOPT"JSFT "SHFOUJOB&EJU"UFOFP
#FDLFS  % Z $BTUJMMP  .*   i1SPDFTPT EF 5SBVNBUJ[BDJØO &YUSFNB Z 1PTJCJMJEBEFT EF
3FQBSBDJØOw5SBCBKPQSFTFOUBEPFOMB*+PSOBEBEF1TJDPUFSBQJB"OBMÓUJDBFOMB6OJWFSTJEBE
$BUØMJDBEF$IJMF
#FOZBLBS .  -PEJTSVQUJWP#VFOPT"JSFT "SHFOUJOB&EJUPSJBM#JCMPT
#MFHFS +  5FNBTEF1TJDPMPHÓB#VFOPT"JSFT "SHFOUJOB&EJDJPOFT/VFWB7JTJØO
$BOFQB  .BSÓB «OHFMB   i4PCSF MPT UBMMFSFT EF TBMVE NFOUBM FO FM TVS "OEJOPw
3FWJTUB"MMQBODIJT /ÞNFSP&TQFDJBM3FDVFSEPTEFMEPMPSZTF×BMFTEFFTQFSBO[B QQ  
1FSÞ*OTUJUVUPEF1BTUPSBM"OEJOB
$FOUSPEF"UFODJØO1TJDPTPDJBM $"1   %FTQMFHBOEPBMBT BCSJFOEPDBNJOPT4PCSFMBTIVFMMBT
EFMBWJPMFODJB"SHFOUJOB
$FOUSPEF%FTBSSPMMPZ"TFTPSÓB1TJDPTPDJBM $&%"/1  *OGBODJBZWJPMFODJB&YQFSJFODJBTZ
SFnFYJPOFTTPCSFMPTOJ×PTZOJ×BTZMBWJPMFODJBQPMÓUJDBFOFM1FSÞ1FSÞ
$JOUSBT  1BJTBKFTEFMEPMPS TFOEFSPTEFFTQFSBO[B4BMVENFOUBMZ%FSFDIPT)VNBOPTFOFM$POP
4VS#VFOPT"JSFT "SHFOUJOB&E1PMFNPT
$0%&16%*55  $SÓNFOFTFJNQVOJEBE$IJMF
$PNJTJØOEFMB7FSEBEZ3FDPODJMJBDJØO  *OGPSNF'JOBM-BTTFDVFMBTEFMBWJPMFODJB5PNP
7***1FSÞ
$PSQPSBDJØO"WSF  7JPMFODJBQPMÓUJDBZUSBCBKPQTJDPTPDJBM#PHPUÈ $PMPNCJB
&RVJQPEF1TJDPUFSBQFVUBTEFMB$PPSEJOBEPSB/BDJPOBMEF%FSFDIPT)VNBOPT  'SFOUFBMFT
QFKPWBDÓPVOBDFSDBNJFOUPQTJDPUFSBQÏVUJDPBMBWJPMFODJBQPMÓUJDB1FSÞ
&RVJQP5ÏDOJDP1BTNJ 3FEQBSBMB*OGBODJBZMB'BNJMJB  4BMVENFOUBMZWJPMFODJBQPMÓUJDB
&MFNFOUPTCÈTJDPTQBSBOVFTUSBGPSNBDJØO1FSÞ
&UDIFHPZFO )PSBDJP  'VOEBNFOUPTEFMB5ÏDOJDB1TJDPBOBMÓUJDB#VFOPT"JSFT "SHFOUJOB
"NPSSPSUV
(PO[ÈMF[ .BSJP  1TJDPBOÈMJTJTEFM5SBVNB$PMPNCJB&EJU(VBEBMVQF
*EFFMF 3FWJTUBEFM*OTUJUVUPEF%FGFOTB-FHBM/4FQUJFNCSF QQ
*OTUJUVUP -BUJOPBNFSJDBOP EF 4BMVE .FOUBM Z %FSFDIPT )VNBOPT   5SBVNB 1TJDPTPDJBM Z
"EPMFTDFOUFT -BUJOPBNFSJDBOPT 'PSNBT EF "DDJØO (SVQBM $IJMF &EJDJPOFT $IJMF"NÏSJDB
$&40$
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@   1TJDPMPHÓB Z WJPMFODJB
QPMÓUJDBFO"NÏSJDB-BUJOB$IJMF&EJU$IJMF"NÏSJDB$&40$
øï Instituto Interamericano de Derechos Humanos

+FMJO &  -PTUSBCBKPTEFMBNFNPSJB&TQB×B4JHMP7FJOUJVOP


,FNCFSH 0UUP  i1TJDPBOÈMJTJT 1TJDPUFSBQJB1TJDPBOBMÓUJDBZ1TJDPUFSBQJBEF"QPZPDPOUSP
WFSTJBTDPOUFNQPSÈOFBTw5SBCBKPQSFTFOUBEPFOMB"TPDJBDJØO1TJDPBOBMÓUJDBEF6SVHVBZ
,VSBT 4VTBOBZ3FTOJ[LZ 4JMWJB  "DPNQB×BOUFT5FSBQÏVUJDPT"SHFOUJOB&EJU-FUSBWJWB
-BQMBODIF+Z1POUBMJT+#  %JDDJPOBSJPEF1TJDPBOÈMJTJT#VFOPT"JSFT "SHFOUJOB&EJUPSJBM
1BJEØT
-BQMBOUF  -JTB   6O FTUVEJP EFM JNQBDUP EF MBT "VEJFODJBT 1ÞCMJDBT FO MPT UFTUJNPOJBOUFT
*OÏEJUP
-JSB  &MJ[BCFUI &E    3FQBSBDJØO  %FSFDIPT )VNBOPT Z 4BMVE .FOUBM $IJMF *OTUJUVUP
-BUJOPBNFSJDBOPEF4BMVE.FOUBMZ%FSFDIPT)VNBOPT&EJDJPOFT$IJMF"NFSJDB$&40$ 
*-"4
.BEBSJBHB $BSMPT  i5PSUVSBBTQFDUPTNÏEJDPT QTJDPMØHJDPTZTPDJBMFT1SFWFODJØOZUSB
UBNJFOUPw4FNJOBSJP*OUFSOBDJPOBM4BOUJBHP $IJMF$PNJUÏEF%FGFOTBEFMPT%FSFDIPTEFM
1VFCMP $0%&16 
.BSSPOF .BSJP  -BUFPSÓBEFMBQFHP VOFOGPRVFBDUVBM&TQB×B&EJUPSJBM1TJNÈUJDB
.BSUÓO#FSJTUBJO $BSMPT  3FDPOTUSVJSFMUFKJEPTPDJBM6OFOGPRVFDSÓUJDPEFMBBZVEBIVNBOJ
UBSJB&TQB×B*DBSJB&EJUPSJBM 4"
.BTVE ,IBO   5FNBT EF 1TJDPBOÈMJTJT TPCSF 8JOOJDPUU #VFOPT "JSFT  "SHFOUJOB &EJUPSJBM
1BJEØT
.PSSJT $I  *OUSPEVDDJØOBMBQTJDPMPHÓB.ÏYJDP1SFOUJDF)BMM
1ÏSF[ :.PMJOB 71BSFKB 7  &MUSBUBNJFOUPJOEJWJEVBMDPOQFSTPOBTBGFDUBEBTQPSMBWJP
MFODJBQPMÓUJDB"SHFOUJOB$FOUSPEF"UFODJØO1TJDPTPDJBM $"14 
1FSSFO,MJOHMFS (  %FCSJFmOHNPEFMPTZBQMJDBDJPOFT4VJ[B*OTUJUVU1TIZDPUSBVNB
1VMJDF (FUBM  "DPNQB×BNJFOUP5FSBQÏVUJDP"SHFOUJOB&EJU1PMFNPT
3PTTJ (FUBM  &mDBDJB$MÓOJDBEFM"DPNQB×BNJFOUP5FSBQÏVUJDP"SHFOUJOB&EJU1PMFNPT
3ZDSPGU $I  %JDDJPOBSJPEF1TJDPBOÈMJTJT#VFOPT"JSFT "SHFOUJOB&EJUPSJBM1BJEØT
4BM[CFSHFS8JUUFNCFSH *  -BSFMBDJØOBTJTUFODJBM"SHFOUJOB"NPSSPSUVFEJUPSFT
4DIFOFFSPĊ 4Z&EFMTUFJO 4  .BOVBMEJEÈDUJDPTPCSFBDPNQB×BNJFOUPUFSBQÏVUJDP"SHFOUJOB
"LBEJB&EJUPSJBM
4VNNFSmFME %FUBM  7JPMFODJBQPMÓUJDBZUSBCBKPQTJDPTPDJBM$PMPNCJB$PSQPSBDJØO"73& 
"DDJØO&DVNÏOJDB4VFDBZ$$&
8IJUF 3PCFSU  &M:PZMB3FBMJEBEFOMB5FPSÓB1TJDPBOBMÓUJDB#VFOPT"JSFT "SHFOUJOB&EJU
1BJEØT

También podría gustarte