Instituto Superior Nueva Visión - INVI

Pharmacy Assistant Technician

A s s i g n m e nt o f :

Scientific English
Facilitator: Brenda Valdés

Student: Norier López

Group: AF – 05/06 - 23
 Vocabulary
1. Opioid: a class of drugs that include illegal substances like heroin, synthetic opioids such
as fentanyl, and prescription pain relievers like oxycodone, used for their analgesic
properties.

Opioide: clase de droga que incluye sustancias ilegales como la heroína, opioides
sintéticos como el fentanilo y analgésicos recetados como la oxicodona, utilizados por
sus propiedades analgésicas.

2. Fentanyl: a potent synthetic opioid analgesic with 100 - 300 times the potency of
morphine, commonly used in anesthesia and pain management.

Fentanilo: potente analgésico opioide sintético con una potencia entre 100 a 300 mayor
a la morfina, comúnmente utilizado en anestesia y tratamiento del dolor.

3. Sufentanil: a highly potent synthetic opioid analgesic approximately 5 - 10 times more

potent than fentanyl. with a significantly higher therapeutic index.

Sufentanilo: analgésico opioide sintético muy potente, aproximadamente entre 5 y 10

veces más que el fentanilo, con un índice terapéutico significativamente mayor.

4. Carfentanil: an extremely potent variant of fentanyl, around 10, 000 times more potent
than morphines, primarily used in veterinary medicine.

Carfentanilo: variante extremadamente potente del fentanilo, 10.000 veces más potente
que las morfinas, utilizada principalmente en medicina veterinaria.

5. Morphines: a natural opiate analgesic derived from the opium poppy plant, commonly
used for pain relief and anesthesia.

Morfina: analgésico opiáceo natural derivado de la planta de adormidera, comúnmente

utilizado para aliviar el dolor y anestesia.

6. Therapeutic index: a ratio comparing the dose of a drug that causes toxicity to the dose
that provides therapeutic effects, indicating the safety margin of the medication.

Índice terapéutico: relación que compara la dosis de un fármaco que causa toxicidad con
la dosis que proporciona efectos terapéuticos, indicando el margen de seguridad del
medicamento.

7. Lipid solubility: the ability of a drug to dissolve in lipids or fast, influencing its passage
through biological barriers like the blood - brain barrier.
 Solubilidad en lípidos: capacidad de un fármaco para disolverse en lípidos o grasas,
influyendo en su paso a través de barreras biológicas como la barrera hematoencefálica.

8. Neurolept analgesia: a technique combining major tranquilizers with potent opioid

analgesics to achieve analgesia, amnesia and cardiovascular stability during anesthesia.

Analgesia neuroléptica: técnica que combina tranquilizantes mayores con analgésicos

opioides potentes para lograr analgesia, amnesia y estabilidad cardiovascular durante la
anestesia.

9. Anesthetic: Substance that induces insensitivity to pain or loss of consciousness,

commonly used during medical procedures or surgeries.

Anestésico: Sustancia que induce insensibilidad al dolor o pérdida del conocimiento,

comúnmente utilizada durante procedimientos médicos o cirugías.

10. Analgesic: medication that relieves pain without causing loss of consciousness can be
classified as an opiate or non-opioid based on its mechanism of action.

Analgésico: medicamento que alivia el dolor sin causar pérdida del conocimiento, puede
clasificarse como opioide o no opioide según su mecanismo de acción.

Summary
The use of opium derivatives has evolved over the years in the field of anesthesia.
Although morphine was initially used as a preanesthetic and analgesic supplement, the search
for non-barbiturate intravenous anesthetic agents led to the development of more potent
synthetic opioids. In the 1950s, Paul Janssen synthesized fentanyl, a highly potent narcotic
analgesic, marking advances in the understanding of the structure-activity relationships of
these compounds. Lipid solubility and stereochemical structure were considered in molecular
optimization, resulting in the development of opioids such as phenoperidine, much more
potent than morphine.
Fentanyl, with 100-300 times the potency of morphine, became a prominent anesthetic
in cardiovascular surgeries. The combination of droperidol and fentanyl resulted in
neuroleptoanalgesia, characterized by analgesia, amnesia, and cardiovascular stability.
However, morphine anesthesia presented challenges, and alternatives such as meperidine
were explored, although this proved to be unsuitable in patients with severe cardiovascular
disease.
Fentanyl was shown to be effective in animals and patients, leading to its acceptance as
an anesthetic. Despite some problems, opioids, such as sufentanil and alfentanil, remain
popular in anesthesia, offering potency and cardiovascular stability, and are expected to play
an important role in the future of anesthesia practice.