TABLA DE DATOS EXPERIMENTALES

TABLA DE DATOS EXPERIMENTALES

T ambiente 25.9 °C
sustancias
No. de capturas Hielo(°C) Metanol(°C) Agua(°C) Etanol(°C)
1 -0.07 58.99 92.4 72.22
2 -0.08 58.98 92.39 72.22
3 -0.09 58.97 92.92 72.23
4 -0.1 58.95 92.43 72.25
5 -0.1 58.93 92.44 72.24
6 -0.11 58.93 92.43 72.25
7 -0.1 58.86 92.42 72.23
8 -0.1 58.85 92.43 72.21
9 -0.11 58.81 92.43 72.2
10 -0.12 58.82 92.43 72.23
11 -0.13 58.84 92.42 72.22
12 -0.14 58.83 92.43 72.19
13 -0.13 58.84 92.42 72.24
14 -0.14 58.78 92.4 72.25
15 -0.14 58.79 92.44 72.27
16 -0.13 58.77 92.47 72.28
17 -0.14 58.75 92.43 72.3
18 -0.14 58.7 92.41 72.29
19 -0.13 58.69 92.31 72.28
20 -0.14 58.75 92.42 72.24
21 -0.13 58.74 92.45 72.25
22 -0.14 58.73 92.47 72.26
23 -0.14 58.71 92.44 72.27
T instrumento -0.1195 58.8360 92.4447 72.2443
TABLA DE DATOS EXPERIMENTALES
T ambiente 25.9 °C
sustancias
No. de capturas hielo metanol agua etanol
1 -0.07 58.99 92.4 72.22
2 -0.08 58.98 92.39 72.22
3 -0.09 58.97 92.92 72.23
4 -0.1 58.95 92.43 72.25
5 -0.1 58.93 92.44 72.24
6 -0.11 58.93 92.43 72.25
7 -0.1 58.86 92.42 72.23
8 -0.1 58.85 92.43 72.21
9 -0.11 58.81 92.43 72.2
10 -0.12 58.82 92.43 72.23
11 -0.13 58.84 92.42 72.22
12 -0.14 58.85 92.43 72.19
13 -0.13 58.99 92.42 72.24
14 -0.14 58.78 92.4 72.25
15 -0.14 58.79 92.44 72.27
16 -0.13 58.77 92.47 72.28
17 -0.14 58.75 92.43 72.3
18 -0.14 58.75 92.41 72.29
19 -0.13 58.69 92.31 72.28
20 -0.14 58.75 92.42 72.24
21 -0.13 58.74 92.45 72.25
22 -0.14 58.73 92.47 72.26
23 -0.14 58.71 92.44 72.27
 presion atmosferica CDMX
585 mm Hg
0.769737 atm
0.779936 bar
77993.6 Pa

The Antoine equa on is of the form:

ln = −

= 10

= −
+
bibliogra)a:

KORETSKY, Milo D. Engineering and chemical Termodynamics. WILEY John wiley e sons INC. printed
in the united states of America, 2004. ISBN 0-4710-452470-8

temperatura ambiente
25.9°C
25.9 Celsius
78.62 farenheit
299.05 kelvin
contantes de antoine
sustancia a b c
Metanol 11.9673 3626.55 -34.29
Agua 11.3834 3816.44 -46.13
etanol 12.2917 3803.98 -41.68

sustancia Tref(K) Tref(°C)

metanol 343.7554 70.6054
agua 370.9155 97.7655
etanol 357.5423 84.3923
 hielo 273.152317 0.002317

SECCION DE RESULTADOS
Para el calculo de las temperaturas de ebullición en el caso del agua, metanol y etanol u?lizaremos
la ecuación de Antoine.

ln = −

= 10

= −
+
3626.55
%&' ( = − −34.29 = 343.7554 5& 67
*+,--./.01
11.9673 + ln 0.779936
:;<=.>>
89 *+,--./.01 = − −46.13 = 370.91555& 67
<<.:;:> ?@ A.BBCC:=

3803.98
D' ( = − −41.68 = 357.5423 5& 67
*+,--./.01
12.2917 + ln 0.779936

Para el cálculo de la temperatura de ebullición del hielo

En donde:
- Presión atm de la CDMX
585mmhg = 77993.6 Pa
- Punto triple del agua
T=0.01°C, P=611,73 Pa
- Punto de fusión del agua
T=0°C, P=1 atm: 101325 Pa

Bibliogra)a:

F− G H − G
=
F− G H − G

77993.6 − 101325 611.73 − 101325

=
F − 0° 0.01 ° − 0°
−23331.4 −100713.27
=
F − 0° 0.01°
−23331.4
=
F −100713.27
0.001°
 F = 0.002317°

regresión lineal
SUSTANCIA Tref (Y) T ins (x) X^2 XY
metanol 70.6054 58.836 3461.6749 4154.13931
agua 97.7655 92.4447 8546.02256 9037.90232
etanol 84.3923 72.2443 5219.23888 6096.86264
hielo 0.002317 -0.119565 0.01429579 -0.000277
suma 252.765517 223.405435 17226.9506 19288.904

∑ LNM ∑ OM − ∑ LM ∑ LM OM
J=
P ∑ LNM − ∑ LM N

P ∑ LM OM − ∑ LM ∑ OM
Q=
P ∑ LNM − ∑ LM N

17226.9506 252.765517 − 223.405435 19288.904

= = 2.375699389
4 17226.9506 − 223.405435 R
T 19288.904 − 223.405435 252.765517
S= = 1.088884518
T 17226.9506 − 223.405435 N
ECUACION LINEAL:

U = 0.9085V − 1.5559

Cálculos para la T calculada promedio

 EC PolinomialL
100
y = 0.0044x2 + 0.5087x - 0.0705
80 R² = 0.9989

60

40

20

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
-20

Por medio de un polinomio de segundo orden promedio

ECUACION POLINOMIAL:

U = 0.0044V R + 0.5087V − 0.0705

Elección de la Ec. Polinomial
Elegimos el polinomio de segundo orden ya que al tener más términos
numéricos nos ofrece mayor exac?tud en la sección de los resultados y nos
genera menor desviación y obteniendo menor porcentaje de error en los
resultados

- metanol (promedio)

y = 0.0044(58.8360)2 + 0.5087(58.8360) - 0.0705 = 45.090832°C

promedio
- Agua (promedio) sustancia T calculada
y = 0.0044(92.4447)2 + 0.5087(92.4447) - 0.0705 = 84.5587274°C metanol 45.090832
agua 84.5587274
- Etanol (promedio) etanol 59.6448812
y = 0.0044(72.2443)2 + 0.5087(72.2443) - 0.0705 = 59.6448812°C hielo -0.1312599

-hielo (promedio)
y = 0.0044(-0.1195)2 + 0.5087(-0.1195) - 0.0705 = -0.1312599°C

Cálculos de temperatura calculada solo las primeras 3 mediciones de cada

una de las sustancias
y = 0.0044x2 + 0.5087x - 0.0705
T Calculada por cada medición
hielo metanol agua etanol
-0.10608744 45.2489214 84.499524 59.617019
-0.11116784 45.2386438 84.4863062 59.617019
-0.11624736 45.228367 85.1880602 59.6284618

- metanol (3 primeras mediciones

y = 0.0044(58.99)2 + 0.5087(58.99) - 0.0705 = 45.2489214 °C

y = 0.0044(58.98)2 + 0.5087(58.98) - 0.0705 = 45.2386438 °C

y = 0.0044(58.97)2 + 0.5087(58.97) - 0.0705 = 45.228367 °C

- Agua (3 primeras mediciones)

y = 0.0044(92.4)2 + 0.5087(92.4) - 0.0705 = 84.499524 °C

y = 0.0044(92.39)2 + 0.5087(92.39) - 0.0705 = 84.4863062 °C

y = 0.0044(92.92)2 + 0.5087(92.92) - 0.0705 = 85.1880602 °C

- Etanol (3 primeras mediciones)

y = 0.0044(72.22)2 + 0.5087(72.22) - 0.0705 = 59.617019 °C

y = 0.0044(72.22)2 + 0.5087(72.22) - 0.0705 = 59.617019 ° C

y = 0.0044(72.23)2 + 0.5087(72.23) - 0.0705 = 59.6284618 °C

-hielo (3 primeras mediciones)

y = 0.0044(-0.07)2 + 0.5087(-0.07) - 0.0705 = 45.2489214 °C

y = 0.0044(-0.08)2 + 0.5087(-0.08) - 0.0705 = 45.2386438 °C

y = 0.0044(-0.09)2 + 0.5087(-0.09) - 0.0705 = 45.228367 °C

PROMEDIO
Z[[\[]^S_^[J`a[J = ]bJcbacJdJ − ]^e_^[MS^P`Jc
Error de temperatura promedio
sustancia Tcalculada Texperimental error
hielo -0.131259924 -0.119565217 -0.0116947
metanol 45.090832 58.83608696 -13.745255
agua 84.55872737 92.44478261 -7.8860552
etanol 59.64488123 72.24434783 -12.599467

fM^c\ Z[[\[]^S_^[J`a[J = −0.131259924 − −0.119565217 = −0.0116947°

g^`JP\c Z[[\[]^S_^[J`a[J = 45.090832 − 58.83608696 = −13.745255°C

ijaJ Z[[\[]^S_^[J`a[J = 84.55872737 − 92.44478261 = −7.8860552°

Z`JP\c Z[[\[]^S_^[J`a[J = 59.64488123 − 72.24434783 = −12.599467°

Por cada medición

Hielo
Z[[\[]^S_^[J`a[J = −0.10608744 − −0.07 = −0.03608744°k
Z[[\[]^S_^[J`a[J = −0.11116784 − −0.08 = −0.03116784°k
Z[[\[]^S_^[J`a[J = −0.11624736 − −0.09 = −0.02624736°k
Metanol
Z[[\[]^S_^[J`a[J = 45.2489214 − 58.99 = −13.741079°k
Z[[\[]^S_^[J`a[J = 45.2386438 − 58.98 = −13.741356°k
Z[[\[]^S_^[J`a[J = 45.228367 − 58.97 = −13.741633°k

Agua
Z[[\[]^S_^[J`a[J = 84.499524 − 92.4 = −7.900476°k
Z[[\[]^S_^[J`a[J = 84.4863062 − 92.39 = −7.9036938°k
Z[[\[]^S_^[J`a[J = 85.188060 − 92.92 = −7.7319398°k

Etanol
Z[[\[]^S_^[J`a[J = 59.617019 − 72.22 = −12.602981°k
Z[[\[]^S_^[J`a[J = 59.617019 − 72.22 = −12.602981°k
Z[[\[]^S_^[J`a[J = 59.6284618 − −12.601538 = −12.601538°k

Tabla de resultados del Z[[\[]^S_^[J`a[J

hielo
T calculada Texperimental error
-0.10608744 -0.07 -0.03608744
-0.11116784 -0.08 -0.03116784
-0.11624736 -0.09 -0.02624736
metanol
T calculada T experimental error
45.2489214 58.99 -13.741079
45.2386438 58.98 -13.741356
45.228367 58.97 -13.741633
agua
T calculada T experimental error
84.499524 92.4 -7.900476
84.4863062 92.39 -7.9036938
85.1880602 92.92 -7.7319398
etanol
T calculada T experimental error
59.617019 72.22 -12.602981
59.617019 72.22 -12.602981
59.6284618 72.23 -12.601538

Cálculo del porcentaje de error %error (promedio de cada sustancia)

/ -/,- m − *nH*o.G*1 -
%D ( = V100
/ -/,- m

porcentaje de error promedio de cada sustancia

sustancia t calculada t experimental %error
hielo -0.1312599 -0.119565217 8.90957926
metanol 45.090832 58.83608696 -30.48348
agua 84.5587274 92.44478261 -9.3261281
etanol 59.6448812 72.24434783 -21.124137
 −0.131259924 − −0.119565217
ℎ7& ( %D ( = V100 = 8.90957926%
−0.131259924
45.090832 − 58.83608696
q&' ( %D ( = V100 = −30.48348%
45.090832
84.55872737 − 92.44478261
89 %D ( = V100 = −9.3261281%
84.55872737
59.64488123 − 72.24434783
etanol %D ( = V100 = −21.124137%
59.64488123

Cálculo del porcentaje de error %error (primeras 3 mediciones)

/ -/,- m − *nH*o.G*1 -
%D ( = V100
/ -/,- m

Hielo
−0.1060874 − −0.07
%D ( = V100 = 34.0166 %
−0.1060874
−0.1111678 − −0.08
%D ( = V100 = 28.0367 %
−0.1111678
 −0.1162474 − −0.09
%D ( = V100 = 22.5788 %
−0.1162474

Metanol
45.24892144 − 58.99
%D ( = V100 = −30.3677 %
45.24892144
45.23864376 − 58.98
%D ( = V100 = −30.37526 %
45.23864376
45.22836696 − 58.97
%D ( = V100 = −30.3827 %
45.22836696

Agua
84.499524 − 92.4
%D ( = V100 = −9.34972 %
84.499524
84.4863062 − 92.39
%D ( = V100 = −9.35499 %
84.4863062
85.1880602 − 92.92
%D ( = V100 = −9.07631 %
85.1880602

Etanol
59.617019 − 72.22
%D ( = V100 = −21.1399%
59.617019
59.617019 − 72.22
%D ( = V100 = −21.1399%
59.617019
59.6284618 − 72.23
%D ( = V100 = −21.1334
59.6284618

Hielo
T calculada Texperimental % error
-0.1060874 -0.07 34.01669415
-0.1111678 -0.08 28.03674156
-0.1162474 -0.09 22.57888695
 Metanol
T calculada Texperimental % error
45.24892144 58.99 -30.36774827
45.23864376 58.98 -30.37526128
45.22836696 58.97 -30.38277516
Etanol
T calculada Texperimental % error
59.617019 72.22 -21.139905
59.617019 72.22 -21.139905
59.6284618 72.23 -21.133428
Agua
T calculada Texperimental % error
84.499524 92.4 -9.3497284
84.4863062 92.39 -9.3549998
85.1880602 92.92 -9.0763187

Cálculo de la media de cada temperatura de saturación experimental Ṯ

∑PMyx ]M
Ťx =
P
Hielo
−2.75
Ťz.*-0 = = −0.1195°
23
Metanol
1353.23
ŤG* = = 58.8360°
10-
23

Agua
2126.23
Ť = = 92.4447°
{,
23

Etanol
1661.62
Ť* = = 72.2443°
10-
23

Calculo de la incer dumbre por estabilidad

1 1
9 =| ∗~ − R
* +
−1 .y<
.

Hielo
 1
9 =| ∗ −0.07 − −0.119565 R = 0.002456°C
* +
23 − 1

1
=|
R
∗ •−0.08 − −0.119565 € = 0.001565 °C
* +
23 − 1

1
=| ∗ −0.09 − −0.119565 R = 0.000874 °C
* +
23 − 1

Metanol

1
9 =| ∗ 58.99 − 58.8360 R = 0.02368921 °C
* +
23 − 1

1
=|
R
9 ∗ •58.98 − 58.8360 € = 0.02071095 °C
* +
23 − 1

1
9 =| ∗ 58.87 − 58.8360 R = 0.01793269 °C
* +
23 − 1

Agua

1
9 =| ∗ 92.4 − 92.4447 R = 0.00200548°C
* +
23 − 1
 1
=|
R
9 ∗ •92.39 − 92.4447 € = 0.00300113°C
* +
23 − 1

1
9 =| ∗ 92.92 − 92.4447 R = 0.22583158°C
* +
23 − 1

Etanol

1
9 =| ∗ 72.22 − 72.2443 R = 0.00059282°C
* +
23 − 1

1
9 =| ∗ 72.22 − 72.2443 R = 0.00059282°C
* +
23 − 1

1
9 =| ∗ 72.23 − 72.2443 R = 0.00020586°C
* +
23 − 1

Considerar la incer)dumbre debido a la resolución del indicador,

dato único u(Tresol)=0.01°C
Calcular la incer)dumbre de la ecuación de calibración polinomial
u(Tcalib)
3.40945 E-15 Incer?dumbre (A)
 1.57406 E-16 Incer?dumbre (B)
3.40945 E-15 Incer?dumbre (C)

/ -.+ = ∗ .
R
+ ∗ . −•

ƒ R
ƒ R
ƒ R
ƒ R
= |‚
R R R
9 „ •9 € +‚ „ 9 +‚ „ •9 • € + ‚ „ •9 €
/ -.+ / -.+ R / -.+ / -.+
/ -.+
ƒ ƒ ƒ• ƒ .
.

= …
R R R
9 / -.+ .
R R
•9 € + †
R 9 R + −1 R •9 • € + 2 . + 1 R •9 . €
 Hielo

9 / -.+ = ‡ 0.0049 R 3.40945 D − 15 R + −0.07 R 1.57406 D − 16 R + −1 R 3.40945 D − 15 R + 2 0.0044 −0.07 + 1 R 0.0105673 R

9 / -.+ = 8.0429D − 05 °

9 / -.+ = ‡ 0.0064 R 3.40945 D − 15 R + −0.08 R 1.57406 D − 16 R + −1 R 3.40945 D − 15 R + 2 0.0044 −0.08 + 1 R 0.0084353 R

9 / -.+ =6.2829E-05 °C

9 / -.+ = ‡ 0.0081 R 3.40945 D − 15 R + −0.09 R 1.57406 D − 16 R + −1 R 3.40945 D − 15 R + 2 0.0044 −0.09 + 1 R 0.006303322 R

9 / -.+ = 4.5934D − 05 °

Metanol

9 / -.+ = ‡ 3479.8201 R 3.40945 D − 15 R + 58.99 R 1.57406 D − 16 R + −1 R 3.40945 D − 15 R + 2 0.0044 58.99 + 1 R 0.03281436 R

9 / -.+ = 1.03921 °C

9 / -.+ = ‡ 3478.6404 R 3.40945 D − 15 R + 58.98 R 1.57406 D − 16 R + −1 R 3.40945 D − 15 R + 2 0.0044 58.98 + 1 R 0.03068235 R

9 / -.+ = 0.971369 °C

9 / -.+ = ‡ 3477.4609 R 3.40945 D − 15 R + 58.97 R 1.57406 D − 16 R + −1 R 3.40945 D − 15 R + 2 0.0044 58.97 + 1 R 0.02855035 R

9 / -.+ = 0.90357 °C
 Agua

9 / -.+ = ‡ 8537.76 R 3.40945 D − 15 R + 92.4 R 1.57406 D − 16 R + −1 R 3.40945 D − 15 R + 2 0.0044 92.4 + 1 R 0.00954768 R

9 / -.+ = 0.7329500 °

9 / -.+ = ‡ 8535.9121 R 3.40945 D − 15 R + 92.39 R 1.57406 D − 16 R + −1 R 3.40945 D − 15 R + 2 0.0044 92.39 + 1 R 0.01167969 R

9 / -.+ = 0.896426°

9 / -.+ = ‡ 8634.1264 R 3.40945 D − 15 R + 92.92 R 1.57406 D − 16 R + −1 R 3.40945 D − 15 R + 2 0.0044 92.92 + 1 R 0.10131669 R

9 / -.+ = 0.864657 °C

Etanol
9 / -.+ = ‡ 5215.7284 R 3.40945 D − 15 R + 72.22 R 1.57406 D − 16 R + −1 R 3.40945 D − 15 R + 2 0.0044 72.22 + 1 R 0.244901272 R

9 / -.+ = 0.244901°C

9 / -.+ = ‡ 5215.7284 R 3.40945 D − 15 R + 72.22 R 1.57406 D − 16 R + −1 R 3.40945 D − 15 R + 2 0.0044 72.22 + 1 R 0.244901272 R

9 / -.+ = 0.244901 °C

9 / -.+ = ‡ 5217.1729 R 3.40945 D − 15 R + 72.23 R 1.57406 D − 16 R + −1 R 3.40945 D − 15 R + 2 0.0044 72.23 + 1 R 0.14435626 R

9 / -.+ = 0.14435 °C
Calculo de la incer dumbre estándar en la temperatura

= …•9
R R R
9 * + € + •9 o* 0- € + •9 / -.+ €

9 o* 0- = 0.01°
9 * + = 0.225831577°
9 / -.+ =

9 = ‡ 0.009547 R + 0.01 R + 0.732950 R = 0.733080°