FLASH

GRAMMAR
LAROUSSE
FLASH
GRAMMAR
GRAMÁTICA INGLESA
EN INFOGRAFÍAS
Dirección editorial: Jordi Induráin Pons

Redacción: Scheherezade Surià López

Ilustración: Laura Vivancos Gómez-Mansilla

Corrección: Francisco José Figueroba Rubio

Tratamiento de archivos gráficos: Farrés Il·lustració

Maquetación: Jose M.ª Díaz de Mendívil Pérez
Diseño de cubierta: Isaac Gimeno (lanada.org)

Conversión a ebook: Marc Escarmís Arasa

© Larousse Editorial, S.L.

Rosa Sensat, 9-11, 3.ª planta
08005 Barcelona
larousse@larousse.es / www.larousse.es
facebook.com/larousse.es - @Larousse_ESP

Reservados todos los derechos. El contenido de esta obra

está protegido por la Ley, que establece penas de prisión y/o
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daños y prejuicios, para quienes reprodujeren, plagiaren,
distribuyeren, o comunicaren públicamente, en todo o en
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ción, interpretación o ejecución artística fijada en cualquier
soporte o comunicada a través de cualquier medio, sin la
preceptiva autorización.

Primera edición (Vox): 2017

Primera edición (Larousse): enero de 2022

ISBN: 978-84-18882-33-3
 Presentación

E ste libro que tienes entre manos te va a ayudar a aprender

de una vez por todas o a repasar, para no olvidarlos ya nunca
más, esos típicos conceptos de la gramática inglesa que te dan
tantos dolores de cabeza. Pero no te asustes, que no es una
gramática más al uso: lo que vas a encontrar son infografías cla-
ras y sencillas que explican de una forma visual y esquemática
los temas que presentan más dificultades a los estudiantes his-
panohablantes de inglés. Se trata de un útil complemento a tus
clases de inglés o, si estudiaste este idioma hace tiempo, es una
herramienta que te permitirá refrescar los conceptos que no
acabaste de aprender bien o que se te han olvidado con los
años.
Verás que cada tema ocupa una doble página. Esta con-
tiene una infografía con la explicación de ese tema y algunos
ejercicios y pasatiempos para que repases los conceptos recién
vistos. Las soluciones de los ejercicios las encontrarás también en
la misma doble página; así podrás comprobar al momento si lo
has hecho bien.
Los temas están presentados en orden gradual de dificul-
tad, desde los que corresponden a un nivel de principiante o
falso principiante (A1) hasta los temas que has de saber para
completar el nivel intermedio (B2). Así que, si quieres, puedes ir
poco a poco desde el principio hasta el final, de los conceptos
más básicos a los más avanzados. Pero también los puedes traba-
jar de forma aislada, buscando el que te haga falta en ese mo-
mento, el que acabas de aprender en clase y que quieres repasar,
el que sabes que siempre te da problemas... Está pensado para
que lo utilices como mejor te convenga, con toda libertad.
Al final de los niveles A y B tienes unas páginas de ejerci-
cios de resumen con sus soluciones, pensados para que puedas
evaluar si has asimilado todos los temas de ese nivel.

Así que ¡ánimo y a empezar!

 Índice

Infografías nivel A1:

To be 10
Presente simple (afirmación) 12
Presente simple (negación e interrogación) 14
Estructuras interrogativas (ASI QASI) 16
Adverbios de frecuencia 18
El imperativo 20
The time-las horas 22
Los artículos: a-an-the 24
Pasado simple (afirmación) 26
Pasado simple (negación e interrogación) 28
Genitivo sajón 30
Los adjetivos y pronombres posesivos 32
There is-are + a/some and any 34
Expresiones de cantidad 36

Infografías nivel A2:

Have y have got 38
La comparación 40
Superlative 42
In-on-at (tiempo) 44
In-on-at (lugar) 46
 Presente continuo 48
Presente perfecto 50
Expresiones de present perfect: already-yet-still-just 52
Pasado continuo 54
Pronombres de objeto 56
Formas de futuro I 58
Gerundio-infinitivo (los verb patterns) 60
Obligación-autorización-prohibición 62
Pasiva 64
Do-make 66
¡Qué lío de verbos! 68

Ejercicios A1 y A2 70

Infografías nivel B1:

Aconsejar en inglés (should-ought to-had better) 76
Formas de futuro II 78
Question tags 80
Estar de acuerdo (so-neither) 82
Estar en desacuerdo o expresar la diferencia 84
El presente perfecto continuo 86
For-during-since 88
Adjetivos con doble terminación 90
Condicional 92
El estilo indirecto o reported speech 94
So-such-what a 96
As-like-such as 98
 También: also-too-as well 100
Pretérito pluscuamperfecto o past perfect 102
La comparación de los adverbios 104

Infografías nivel B2:

Causative have 106
Conectores condicionales 108
Preguntas con estilo indirecto 110
Reporting structures 112
Los indefinidos 114
La doble negación 116
Intensificación o mitigación de los comparativos 118
Comparativo progresivo y de correlación 120
Pronombre reflexivo y each other 122
Used to-be used to-get used to 124
Wishes and regrets 126
Posibilidad y deducción 128
Conjunciones coordinantes 130
Rather, rather than, would rather, had better 132
Conectores de contraste 134
Other, others, another 136

Ejercicios B1 y B2 138
Infografías
 EL VERBO
FORMA TO BE
AFIRMACIÓN NEGACIÓN INTERROGACIÓN

Forma Forma Forma Forma Respuestas

larga corta larga corta cortas
Yes,
I am I’m I am not I’m not I am.
Am I...?
You are You’re You are not You aren’t you/we/
Are you...?
He is He’s He is not He isn’t they are.
Is he...?
She is She’s She is not She isn’t he/she/it is.
Is she...?
It is It’s It is not It isn’t Is it...? No,
We are We’re We are not We aren’t Are we...? I’m not.
You are You’re You are not You aren’t Are you...? you/we/they
They are They’re They are They aren’t Are they...? aren’t.
not he/she/it isn’t.

USO She is at home

(Ella está en casa)

Anna is cold
esta
nes do
acio o
s
ser
lo
n

er /
se

ca
liza
dy

es
te

ción
Eda

tar

It is sunny
(Hace sol o,
para

literalmente,
ha
r

Am I too early?
ate

ga

er
h

está soleado)
a

(¿Llego demasiado lle

l

bla
yy

pronto?)
r

rl de
n ea em
l
co po
 El verbo to be | 11

1. Completa las frases con el verbo to be en su forma afirmativa (+) o negativa (–).
Fíjate bien en el sujeto:
1. It cold today. (+)
2. I at home now. (–)
3. They Chinese. (+)
4. Your parents very busy. (–)
5. My name Nikita. (–)
6. We from Sweden. (+)
7. That right. (–)
8. I OK, thanks. (+)
9. Clara and Steve married. (–)
10. Your mother an English teacher. (+)

2. Escribe frases afirmativas o preguntas completas con am/is/are:

1. (my shoes new)
2. (she my neighbour)
3. (these books expensive?)
4. (the exam very easy)
5. (the museum open now?)
6. (I tired today)
7. (these flowers beautiful)
8. (your cousin French?)
9. (we very hungry)
10. (you a doctor?)
Soluciones
10. Are you a doctor?
7. These flowers are beautiful. - 8. Is your cousin French? - 9. We’re very hungry. -
4. The exam is very easy. - 5. Is the museum open now? - 6. I’m tired today. -
2. 1. My shoes are new. - 2. She’s my neighbour. - 3. Are these books expensive? -
English teacher.
right. - 8. I am OK, thanks. 9. Clara and Steve aren’t married. - 10.Your mother is an
aren’t very busy. - 5. My name isn’t Nikita. - 6. We are from Sweden. - 7. That isn’t
1. 1. It is cold today. 2. I’m not at home now. - 3. They are Chinese. - 4.Your parents
 PRESENTE SIMPLE

Usos

Verdades generales:
1 The Earth goes round the Sun
(La Tierra gira alrededor del Sol)

2 Situaciones permanentes:
I work in a shop ($u-0-fo;m†m-ঞ;m7-ő

Hábitos:
3 My brother plays golf every Sunday (Mi hermano juega al
golf los domingos)

om;Šru;vbom;v7;=u;1†;m1b-Ĺvol;ঞl;vķ;ˆ;u‹7-‹ĺĺĺ

I he
we
you Formas she
it
they
go read like watch goes reads likes watches

ƒĺr;uvom-7;Ѵvbm]†Ѵ-uĹ-ो-7;
†m-ľvĿ-Ѵˆ;u0oĹ

General +s work - works

-sh, -s, -ch, -x + es wish - wishes

-o + es go - goes

-y
consonante + y + ies fry - fries, worry - worries
ˆo1-ѴƳ‹ +s play - plays

Ѵˆ;u0oŝ|o0;ŝŐr࢙]bm-
Irregular have - has 10) es irregular en casi
todas las personas
 Presente simple / afirmación | 13

¡Ojo! A diferencia del español, no se usa el presente

para hablar de futuro:
Yo juego al tenis mañana ⇒ I play tennis tomorrow.

1. Escribe la forma he/she/it de estos verbos:

1. buy 6. love
2. do 7. study
3. fix 8. teach
4. have 9. think
5. kiss 10. try

2. Completa las frases con la forma correcta de estos verbos: have, cost, teach,
drive, open, like, drink, speak, work, live.
1. My mother French in a language school.
2. I German very well.
3. Mary in an office.
4. The museum at 10 every day.
5. We usually breakfast at 8.
6. You too much coffee.
7. My friends in the countryside.
8. John a Ferrari.
9. They fish and chips.
10. These shoes a lot of money.

Soluciones

10. cost.
2. 1. teaches, 2. speak, 3. works, 4. opens, 5. have, 6. drink, 7. live, 8. drives, 9. like,
10. tries.
1. 1. buys, 2. does, 3.fixes, 4. has, 5. kisses, 6. loves, 7. studies, 8. teaches, 9. thinks,
 PRESENTE SIMPLE
negación e interrogación

Do
Sujeto does not mCmbঞˆo
Respuestas cortas
I ¡No basta con yes o no!
You do not in the
We play
(don’t) park Yes do
They
No Pronombre doesn’t
he does not in the
she (doesn’t) play park I
it You
Yes, We do.
They
he
Yes, she does.
it
Do
Does Sujeto mCmbঞˆo I
No, You don’t.
I We
You play in the They
Do
We park? he
They No, she doesn’t.
he in the it
Does play
she park?
it

"¡Recuerda!,
necesitaremos
siempre el verbo
auxiliar do/does,
que aquí carece de
traducción, para
negar y preguntar.
 Presente simple / negación e interrogación | 15

Cuidado al formar la tercera persona del singular negativo:

doesn’t ya lleva la ‘s’, por lo que el verbo no la lleva:
Ella no juega al tenis ⇒ She doesn’t plays tennis ⇒
She doesn’t play tennis.

1. Escribe la forma negativa de estas frases:

a) They play golf every week.
b) We start school at 9.
c) This car makes a lot of noise.
d) It rains a lot in spring.
e) I like computer games.
f) You wear skirts.
g) Tom draws nice pictures.

2. Ordena estas palabras para formar preguntas y escribe la respuesta corta:

a) pizza/do/like/you ?
Yes,
b) your/does/work/factory/in/sister/a ?
No,
c) instrument/he/play/musical/a/does ?
Yes,
d) Tom/does/smoke? ?
No,
e) 2/do/have/they/lunch/at ?
Yes,

Soluciones

No, he doesn’t. e) Do they have lunch at 2? / Yes, they do.

doesn’t. c) Does he play a musical instrument? / Yes, he does. d) Does Tom smoke? /
2. a) Do you like pizza? / Yes, I do. b) Does your sister work in a factory? / No, she
computer games. f) You don’t wear skirts. g) Tom doesn’t draw nice pictures.
doesn’t make a lot of noise. d) It doesn’t rain a lot in spring. e) I don’t like
1. a) They don’t play golf every week. b) We don’t start school at 9. c) This car
 «ASI», «QASI»
ASI QASI
Para formar la interrogación,
el inglés sigue un patrón
determinado:

auxiliar + sujeto
+ + auxiliar + sujeto
+

Preguntas con do/does/did en presente y pasado simple:

Q A S I
Auxiliary Subject
(pronombre (auxiliar) (sujeto) (verbo
bmCmbঞˆoő
Do you live in Madrid? ¿¿Vives en Madrid?
Where does your mother work? ¿Dónde trabaja tu madre?
What car do you like? ¿Qué coche te gusta?
When did he call? ¿Cuándo llamó?

Verbo to be to be como base: sin auxiliar,

pero con un orden parecido.

Pronombre To be Sujeto
gerundio…

Are you Spanish? ¿Eres español?

Where is your mother from? ¿De dónde es tu madre?
What car are you driving now? ¿ ué coche
¿Q c c
conducces ahora?
When is he going to call? ¿Cuándo va a llamar?

Pronombres -when cuándo)

-where (dónde)
-how (cómo)
-how much
Otras
posibilidades:
-why (porr qué) (cuánto/a)
más habituales: -who (quién) -how many
(cuántos/as) What magazines
do you read?
(¿Qué revistas lees?)
Cuando el verbo requiere About what are you talking?
preposición What are you talking about?
(listen to, talk about, etc.), (¿De qué estás hablando?) How tall are you?
¿Cuánto mides?)
esta v--ѴCm-Ѵ7;Ѵ-rregunta:
 Estructuras interrogativas | 17

1. Ordena las palabras para formar preguntas:

1. speak / she / English / does

2. play / at / you / the weekends / do / tennis

3. go / last night / out / you / did

4. the train / when / leave / does

5. him / she / did / the truth / tell / why

2. Completa con el pronombre interrogativo y relaciona la pregunta con su

respuesta:
1 are you crying?
2 is your mother?
3 is your father?
4 did you buy this dress?
5 is this watch?
6 are you going?
A That tall man over there.
B About two weeks ago.
C To the bank. I need some
money.
D I don’t feel well.
E She’s fine, thank you.
F It’s £50.

6. Where are you going? → C
5. How much is this watch? → F
4. When did you buy this dress? → B
3. Who is your father? → A
2. How is your mother? → E
1. Why are you crying? → D
2.
Soluciones
5. Why did she tell him the truth?
4. When does the train leave?
3. Did you go out last night?
2. Do you play tennis at the weekends?
1. Does she speak English?
1.
 DE FRECUENCIA INDEFINIDA

100% 90% 80% 70% 50% 30% 10% 5% 0%

POSICIÓN
Sujeto + adverbio + verbo Sujeto + to be + adverbio
Lisa always passes her exams
(Lisa siempre aprueba los (Lisa a menudo llega tarde)
exámenes)

Adverbio + sujeto + verbo Sujeto + verbo + adverbio

(opcional solo con occasionally, (opcional solo con occasionallyĶvol;ࢼl;vĶ
vol;ࢼl;vĶo[;mĶ=u;t†;m|Ѳ‹ y †v†-ѲѲ‹) o[;mĶ=u;t†;m|Ѳ‹, †v†-ѲѲ‹ y u-u;Ѳ‹)
Lisa comes with us We see Lisa very rarely
(A veces Lisa viene con nosotros) (Vemos a Lisa muy pocas veces)

DE FRECUENCIA DEFINIDA

hourly,
every minute,
daily, weekly, one, twice,
once an hour,
monthly, yearly,
twice a year...
annually...

POSICIÓN
Sujeto + verbo + adverbio Sujeto + to be + adverbio
Lisa plays tennis weekly Every day Lisa goes to school by bus
(Lisa juega al tenis semanalmente) (cada día Lisa va a la escuela en autobús)
 Adverbios de frecuencia | 19

Cuando decimos que los adverbios de frecuencia indefinida

se colocan delante o detrás del verbo, hablamos del verbo
principal, no del auxiliar:
I don’t always watch TV at night (y no I always don’t watch TV at night).

1. ¿Sabrías encontrar los diez adverbios de frecuencia indefinida que se

esconden en esta sopa de letras?

M C S O M E T I M E S X H O G
O S H O T Z P B Z Z A X Z G R
P E O J U M H J Y O A U T R V
Y P O Z S G J Q F M A T A R V
F M C O U R E V E N E T F O P
K J C H A R N O R M A L L Y S
T G A N L Y L V B K V N P S V
J C S L L T M T X U X L O P L
U A I L Y Y L T N E U Q E R F
N G O H N O T J W J Z A S T A
G E N E R A L L Y C O E L F L
Y W A X X P X H E C L P L Q W
V G L Z M H M K X D C N A A A
F K L U C E S G O P I Z A L Y
J W Y O P S Y M F I P A E K S

Soluciones
S K E A P I F M Y S P O Y W J
Y L A Z I P O G S E C U L K F
A A A N C D X K M H M Z L G V
W Q L P L C E H X P X X A W Y
L F L E O C Y L L A R E N E G
A T S A Z J W J T O N H O G N
F R E Q U E N T L Y Y L I A U
L P O L X U X T M T L L S C J
V S P N V K B V L Y L N A G T
S Y L L A M R O N R A H C J K
P O F T E N E V E R U O C M F
V R A T A M F Q J G S Z O P Y
V R T U A O Y J H M U J O E P
R G Z X A Z Z B P Z T O H S O
G O H X S E M I T E M O S C M 1.
 IMPERATIVO
Para dar órdenes.
Se suaviza con 'please'-Ѵrubm1brboo-ѴCm-Ѵ7;
la frase: Come here, please / Please, arrive on
ঞl;ĺ

r-uঞu7;Ѵinfimbঞˆoķvbm;Ѵ
'to': drink, eat, drive, etc.
Ѵv†f;|ov;vo0u;;mঞ;m7;ķ
r;uo1†-m7o;vm;1;v-uboķ
v;†v-;Ѵmol0u;ĹGeorge,
stop!
PRIMERA PERSONA
(EL SUJETO SE INCLUYE
EN LA ORDEN)
;|ŝvask |_;|;-1_;u
+ (Preguntemos al profesor)
;|ŝvnot ask|_;|;-1_;u
- ŐoѴ;ru;]†m|;lov-Ѵ
ruo=;vouő

SEGUNDA PERSONA (SINGULAR Y PLURAL)

Ѵ;-m|_;
+ - on't 1Ѵ;-m
0-|_uoolĺ |_;Ѵbˆbm]uoolĺ
(Limpia/limpiad ŐoѴblrb;vņ
el baño) Ѵblrb࣐bv;Ѵv-Ѵॕmő
 El imperativo | 21

Recuerda que las órdenes que en castellano son reflexivas

no suelen serlo en inglés:
¡Cómete la manzana! = Eat the apple!

1. Completa las órdenes siguientes con la forma imperativa en segunda persona

de los verbos en paréntesis:
1. upstairs. (to go)
2. late for school. (not/to be)
3. football in the garden. (not/to play)
4. your teeth. (to brush)
5. here. (not/to smoke)
6. Don’t worry, happy! (to be)

2. Ordena para formar frases en imperativo:

1. eat/in/class/don’t
2. play/let’s/tennis
3. me/to/listen
4. don’t/it/do
5. envelope/the/open
6. let’s/shopping/go
7. books/your/bring
8. exercise/this/do

Soluciones

5. Open the envelope; 6. Let’s go shopping; 7. Bring your books; 8. Do this exercise.
2. 1. Don’t eat in class; 2. Let’s play tennis; 3. Listen to me; 4. Don’t do it;
1. 1. go; 2. don’t be; 3. don’t play; 4. brush; 5. don’t smoke; 6. be.
 THE TIME-LAS HORAS
It’s ... o’clock

12
It’s 5 to... It’s 5 past...

11 1
It’s 10 to... 10 2 It’s 10 past...

PAST
It’s a quarter 9 TO 3 It’s a quarter
past...
to...

It’s 20 to... 8 4 It’s 20 past...

7 5
It’s 25 to...
6 It’s 25 past...

It’s half past...

En la primera media hora. Minuto En la segunda media hora. Minuto
1 al 30: contamos los minutos 31 a 59: contamos los minutos
que pasan de la hora actual. que faltan para la hora siguiente.
08:10 - It’s ten past eight. O8:40 - It’s twenty to nine.

CASOS ESPECIALES

Si los minutos no En EE. UU. : ¿AM O PM?

cinco, añadimos De medianoche

“minutes”: to = before (midnight) a
mediodía (midday)
16.18 -The train indicamos las horas
arrives at eighteen con AM. Las otras
minutes past four in doce horas, con PM.
|_;-[;umoomĺ

12
am pm
 The time – Las horas | 23
¿Te has fijado? En inglés siempre vamos al revés: primero
hablamos de los minutos y luego de las horas.

1. Relaciona las horas:

1. a quarter to two a. 3.55
2. half past two b. 1.45
3. five to four c. 1.05
4. five past four d. 2.30
5. twenty-five past four e. 4.05
6. five past one f. 4.25

2. Completa las frases con la hora:

1. My dance lesson finishes at (16.45) .
2. She has lunch at (11.55) .
3. Is it (15.10) ? My favourite TV programme
is on!
4. I am meeting Laura at (19.35) .
5. The train arrives at (10.07) .
6. Our friends are coming at (22.00) . Is dinner
ready?

Soluciones

5. seven minutes past ten, 6. ten o’clock.

2. 1. quarter to five, 2. five to twelve, 3. ten past three, 4. twenty-five to eight,
1. 1. b, 2. d, 3. a, 4. e, 5. f, 6. c.
 A / AN THE
un, el, la,
una ѴovķѴ-v
indeCmb7ov deCmb7o

FORMA FORMA
Invariable: the boy,
A the girl, the boys, the girls.

empiezan por consonante USOS

(a car, a ball…) Para hablar de algo
o fonemas con sonido
The ca||_a|v_;0o†]h|
uni- (a univ;uvb|y, a euroĻőĺ bv0ro‰mĺ
(El gato que compró es
An marrón. Ese y no otro.)

Cuando solo hay un

empiezan por vocal ejemplar de algo:
(-morange, an elephan|ő The S†mbv-v|-rĺ
o con haches mudas (-m_o†rőĺ (El Sol es una estrella.)

USOS Para hablar de

Para mencionar algo por
Nombres de ríos, océanos
primera vez.
y mares:
v;;-7o]ĺ The dog iv0b]ĺ
|_; Nile, |_; P-1bC1Ļ
(Veo
V un perro.
El perro es grande.)
Zonas geográC1-v
determinadas:
Cuando no importa cuál de
|_; Middle E-v|ķ|_; W;v|ķ
entre todas las opciones:
|_; Equa|or…
Do yo†_ave a pen?
(¿T
¿ ienes un boli?
Desiertos, bosques, golfos
El que sea me va bien.)
y penínsulas:
|_; Sahara, |_; Iberian
Para indicar profesión (en singular):
P;mbmv†Ѵ-Ļ
I am a |eacherĺ
(Soyy profesora.)

Idiomas y nacionalidades: Chinese, Spanish

Deportes: volleyball, hockey, baseball
Asignaturas:
I love apples!
 Los artículos: a, an, the | 25

1. Escribe a o an delante de los sustantivos siguientes:

1. friend
2. umbrella
3. park
4. answer
5. horse
6. European country
7. interesting book
8. red car

2. Completa con the o nada.

1. I love Geography.
2. Do you speak French?
3. Nile is the longest river in the world.
4. The US President lives in White House.
5. Paris is capital of France.
6. Amanda is allergic to cheese.
7. elephants are very big animals.
8. My grandmother has been playing tennis since
she was 12.

Soluciones

8. My grandmother has been playing tennis since she was 12.

of France, 6. Amanda is allergic to cheese, 7. Elephants are very big animals,
in the world, 4. The US President lives in The White House, 5. Paris is the capital
2. 1. I love Geography, 2. Do you speak French?, 3. The Nile is the longest river
country, 7. an interesting book, 8. a red car.
1. 1. a friend, 2. an umbrella, 3. a park, 4. an answer, 5. a horse, 6. a European
 PASADO SIMPLE

USOS Acciones terminadas en

un momento del pasado:
My brother played golf last Sunday
Mi hermano jugó al golf el domingo pasado.
Acompañado a menudo de fechas, horas o
;Šru;vbom;v7;ঞ;lroՋ;v|;u7-‹ķѴ-v|ķ-]oĺĺĺő

FORMA
Acaban en –ed Diferentes
REGULARES IRREGULARES
(played, cleaned, transformaciones
started…) v;]িmѴovˆ;u0ov

En general: + -ed: work

begin - began Hay que
- worked
aprendérselos
de memoria
Verbos que terminan
eat - ate
en “e” + -d: live - lived

Verbos que terminan en

consonante e “y”: + -ied: go - went
study - studied
Verbos monosilábicos que
terminan en consonante,
vocal y consonante: se put - put
dobla la consonante + -ed:
plan - planned ¡OJO! No
olvidar el
v†f;|oĺ
¿LA BUENA
Es invariable para todas las personas
NOTICIA?
‰ouh;7bm-moL1;|‰o‹;-uv-]oĺ
Ő$u-0-f࣐ņ|u-0-f-0-;m†m-oC1bm-
_-1;7ov-ोovĺő
We worked together in a factory
Ѵ-v|‹;-uĺ
Ő$u-0-f-lovf†m|ov;m†m-=࢙0ub1-
;Ѵ-ोor-v-7oĺő
 Pasado simple / afirmación | 27

1. Encuentra en esta sopa de letras la forma de pasado de los verbos buy, do,
drink, drive, eat, find, get, give, go, make, put, see, swim, take, tell:

Z S S A W T I Q Q R
A D C Z T O O K H O
G R D B K S F L E F
A O W R O B A T D M
V V A H A U A M G T
E E I D S N G D O O
N M D J W A K H T O
K A Q P A J S U T O
S D L U M D I D E V
W E N T F O U N D Z

2. Completa las frases con la forma de pasado de los verbos entre paréntesis:
1. My father (play) football in his school team.
2. In 2005, my parents (work) in Brazil.
3. I (study) very hard for my English exam.
4. Mary was thirsty and (drink) a lot of water.
5. My brother and I (cook) lunch on Mother’s Day.
6. We (go) to the cinema on Saturday evening.
7. Mr and Mrs Smith (marry) in 1996.
8. Peter (eat) all the cake.
9. I (stay) at home the whole weekend.
10. My family (live) in the United States for five years.
Soluciones
Z D N U O F T N E W
V E D I D M U L D S
O T U S J A P Q A K
O T H K A W J D M N
O O D G N S D I E E
T G M A U A H A V V
10. lived. M D T A B O R W O A
F E L F S K B D R G
5. cooked, 6. went, 7. married, 8. ate, 9. stayed, O H K O O T Z C D A
2. 1. played, 2. worked, 3. studied, 4. drank, R Q Q I T W A S S Z 1.
 PASADO SIMPLE

Pasado Presente Futuro

Igual que en el presente, para negar y preguntar

en pasado necesitaremos un auxiliar:
Did you watch TV? I didn’t watch TV. Did
(¿Viste la televisión?) (No vi la televisión.)

Respuestas cortas
- Sujeto Auxiliar mCmbঞˆo Yes/No Pronombre Auxiliar
I
You he did not in the You
We she (didn’t) play park We
They it They
Yes, did
he
she
it

Auxiliar Sujeto mCmbঞˆo I

You
You he We
We she in the They
Did play No, didn’t
They it park
he
she
it

Al poner el auxiliar didķ;Ѵˆ;u0orubm1br-Ѵt†;7-;mbmCmbঞˆoĺ

I didn’t ate anything yesterday I didn’t eat anything yesterday.

(No comí nada ayer.)
Did she washed her hair last night? Did she wash her hair last night?
(¿Se lavó el pelo anoche?)
0v;uˆ-t†;;mm;]-ঞˆ-v‹ru;]†m|-vķ7-b]†-Ѵt†;;Ѵ
verbo sea regular o irregular. ¡El pasado está en el did!
 Pasado simple / negación e interrogación | 29

1. Completa para formar frases negativas y preguntas:

1. I my maths homework yesterday. (not / do)
2. Susan to England by plane? (go)
3. They their grandmother last month. (not/visit)
4. Paul and Daisy their brother. (not/help)
6. He milk at school. (not/drink)
7 your parents TV last night? (watch)

2. ¿Repasamos la afirmación, negación e interrogación? Detecta el error que hay

en cada frase y corrígelo:
1. That’s a nice shirt. Where did you bought it?
2. We played basketball on Saturday, but we didn’t won.
3. You sister saw me yesterday, but she not said anything.
4. We eated pasta on Wednesday.
5. ‘Did Jane go to school on Monday?’ ‘Yes, she went.’
6. We did run in the park two days ago.

Soluciones

6. We ran in the park two days ago.

4. We ate pasta on Wednesday, 5. ‘Did Jane go to school on Monday?’ ‘Yes, she did.’,
but we didn’t win. 3.You sister saw me yesterday, but she didn’t say anything,
2. 1. That’s a nice shirt. Where did you buy it?, 2. We played basketball on Saturday,
1. 1. didn’t do, 2. Did / go, 3. didn’t visit, 4. didn’t help, , 5. didn’t drink, 6. Did / watch.
 USO Para marcar la posesión si
el poseedor es una persona.

Susan has got a red car.

GENITIVO (S†v-mঞ;m;†m1o1_;rojo)
Susan’s car is red.
SAJÓN

’s
The car has got a broken door.

The car’s door is broken.

(!! $Ĺľ|_;1-uĿmo;v†m-r;uvom-ĺ)

FORMA
singular My mum’s job is great.
(siempre) James’s bike is new.

’s plural The men’s toilet is clean.

irregular (que no (El lavabo de los hombres
acabe en -s) está limpio)

plural I went to my cousins’

’ regular (que acabe

en -s)
house. (Fui a casa de mis
primos)

Con dos personas ¡Ojo! No confundas

o complementos también se emplea el ’S del
largos, la ’S va al coloquialmente para sajón con las
Cm-ѴĹ contrac1bom;vĹ

Mary and The chemist’s She’s a nurse. She’s got

Peter’s parents (La farmacia) She is a nurse. a sister.
are on holiday. She has got
a sister.

PASSPORT
No indican posesión.
 Genitivo sajón | 31

Cuando el poseedor es un nombre propio,

no lleva “the” delante:
The Mark’s books are new → Marks’ books are new.

1. Reescribe usando el genitivo sajón:

1. My parents have a blue car. It’s .

2. Mary has new books. They’re .

3. My son has some toys. They’re .

4. Peter and Carla have a cat. It’s .

5. James has a dictionary. It’s .

2. Añade ’s o solo el apóstrofo (’) al sustantivo:

1. The ball of John → John ball.
2. The house of her parents. → Her parents house.
3. The dresses of the girls. → The girls dresses.
4. The friend of Thomas. → Thomas friend.
5. The phone of your brother. → Your brother phone.

3. Completa estas frases con el genitivo sajón (’s) o bien con of:
1. I like (the skirt/Ann).
2. What is (the name/this town)?
3. When is (the birthday/your mum)?
4. is near the city centre (the house/my parents).
5. The car is at (the end/the street).

Soluciones
the street.
birthday? - 4. My parents’ house is near the city centre. - 5. The car is at the end of
3. 1. I like Ann’s skirt. - 2. What is the name of this town? - 3. When is your mum’s
→ Thomas’s friend. - 5. The phone of your brother. → Your brother’s phone.
house. - 3. The dresses of the girls. → The girls’ dresses. - 4. The friend of Thomas.
2. 1. The ball of John → John’s ball. - 2. The house of her parents. → Her parents’
toys. - 4. It’s Peter and Carla’s cat. - 5. It’s James’s dictionary.
1. 1. It’s my parents’ blue car. - 2. They’re Mary’s new books. - 3. They’re my son’s
 ADJETIVOS Whose is/are...?
(¿de quién es/son...?)

Y PRONOMBRES Whose is
this car?
ADJETIVO POSESIVO PRONOMBRE POSESIVO
It’s my car.
(Es mi coche.)
It’s mine.
(Es mío)

ADJETIVOS POSESIVOS PRONOMBRES POSESIVOS

This is my house. This is mine.
mi casa) (mía)

your house. yours.

(tu casa) (tuya)

his house. his.

(su casa; de él) (suya; de él)

her house. her.

(su casa; de ella) (suya; de ella)

itshouse. its.
(su casa; de un animal, etc.) (suya; de un animal, etc.)

our house. ours.

(nuestra casa) (nuestra)

your house. yours.

(vuestra casa) (vuestra)

their house. theirs.

(su casa; de ellos) (suya; de ellos)

en la tercera persona hayt†;Cf-rse bien en quién es el poseedor

(en español siempre es «su»).
Your mother has a cat. -It’s her cat. - It’s hers.
Tu madre = ella

It’s mine book.

¡ojo! No se usa “the” con los pronombres posesivos:
Is this the yours? (¿Es el tuyo?)
 Los adjetivos y pronombres posesivos | 33

1. Completa con los adjetivos posesivos adecuados. Entre paréntesis encontrarás

al poseedor:
1. Where is book? (I)
2. Here is teacher. (we)
3. She goes to school with cousin. (she)
4. watch is very expensive. (you)
5. favourite hobby is tennis. (he)
6. We want to see historical monuments. (it)
7. Susan likes dog! (she)
8. name is Bobby. (he)

2. Completa con los pronombres posesivos:

1. I have a parrot. This parrot is .
2. She has two cats. Those cats are .
3. We have a flat. That flat is .
4. They have a new bike. It is .
5. He has a key. That key is .
6. You have three scarves. Those scarves are .

Soluciones

2. 1. mine, 2. hers, 3. ours, 4. theirs, 5. his, 6. yours.

1. 1. my, 2. our, 3. her, 4. your, 5. his, 6. its, 7. her, 8. his.
 THERE IS VS. THERE ARE
A Hay = there is / there

Y
/S AN

+
are
O M E/

"†v|-mঞˆov "†v|-mঞˆov
contables en singular contables en plural.

incontables.
THERE USO THERE There are three
girls in class.
IS ARE (Hayy tres chicas
There is a girl in class. en clase)
Hay
y una chica en clase)

There’s an apple. There’s some sugar.

There isn’t an apple. There isn’t any sugar.
Singular
Is there an apple? Is there any sugar?
Yes, there is. / No there isn’t. Yes, there is. / No there isn’t.
There are some apples.
¡Atención a
There aren’t any apples.
Plural
Are there any apples? A/AN, SOME y
Yes, there are. / No, there ANY!
aren’t.

Tienen una forma milk (y no milks) ¿Cómo saber si

singular y otra plural
orange, oranges
es contable o
incontable?
MILK
No pueden ll;ˆar un
Los número delante, para
incontables contarse ll;ˆan un
Pueden ll;ˆar Los lo7bC1-7ou
delante un contables Two milks
número o un 1 carton of milk,
2 litres of milk
indeterminado
Cve oranges, Verbo siempre
an orange, a en singular
banana Milk comes from cows
 There is vs. There are + a/some/any | 35

1. Completa con is, isn’t, are, aren’t:

1. there any money in that wallet?
2. There any chairs in the kitchen.
3. There some letters on the table.
4. there any cheese in this sandwich?
5. There any sugar in my tea.

2. Escoge la mejor opción para cada frase:

a) a b) some c) any
1. There aren’t apples in the fridge.
2. Is there new boy in your class?
3. I think there isn’t milk.
4. There is sugar in this coffee.
5. There aren’t children in the library right now.

Soluciones

2. 1. c, 2. a, 3. c, 4. b, 5. c.
1. 1. Is, 2. aren’t, 3. are, 4. Is, 5. isn’t.
 EXPRESIONES
DE CANTIDAD

"†v|-mঞˆo1om|-0Ѵ; "†v|-mঞˆobm1om|-0Ѵ;

There are a lot of/lots of apples. There’s a lot of/lots of sugar.

(Hay muchas manzanas) (Hay mucho azúcar)
There are -=;‰ apples. There’s -Ѵb‚Ѵ; sugar.
(Hay unas pocas manzanas) (Hay un poco de azúcar)
There are =;‰ apples. There’s Ѵb‚Ѵ; sugar.
(Hay pocas manzanas) (Hay poco azúcar)

There aren’t many apples. There isn’t much sugar.

(No hay muchas manzanas) (No hay mucho azúcar)

o‰l-m‹ apples are there? o‰l†1_ sugar is there?

(¿Cuántas manzanas hay?) (¿Cuánto azúcar hay?)

RESPUESTAS
CORTAS

o‰l-m‹ĵ o‰l†1_ĵ
Ѵo| =;‰ om; Ѵo| Ѵb‚Ѵ; om;
o|l-m‹ -u7Ѵ‹-m‹ o|l†1_ -u7Ѵ‹-m‹

¡Ojo!: -Ѵo|o=Ƴv†v|-mঞˆo / a lot + 0

$_;u;-u;a lot of -rrѴ;vĺo‰l-m‹-rrѴ;v7o‹o†m;;7ĵA lot.

¿TOO O
&ĵ
|ool-m‹Ƴ1om|-0Ѵ;
Ʒ7;l-vb-7oķŊ-Ővő
|ool†1_Ƴbm1om|-0Ѵ;
);_-ˆ;|ool-m‹ou-m];vĺ
(Tenemos demasiadas naranjas.)
$_;u;Ľv|ool†1_v-Ѵ|bm|_;
ol;Ѵ;‚;ĺ
Ő-‹7;l-vb-7-v-Ѵ;mѴ-|ouঞѴѴ-ĺő

;mo†]_Ʒv†fi1b;m|;Ővő $_;u;-u;mĽ|;mo†]_ou-m];vĺ (No hay suficientes naranjas.)

$_;u;bvmĽ|;mo†]_v-Ѵ|ĺ (No hay suficiente sal.)
 Expresiones de cantidad | 37

1. Completa con a lot of, much o many:

1. How water do you drink every day?
2. How people live in this building?
3. I usually use olive oil.
4. We have work today.
5. Do they eat fish?

2. Escoge la opción correcta:

1. There aren’t restaurants in this town.
a) many b) much
2. Madrid has of great museums.
a) few b) a lot
3. Hurry up! We don’t have time before the plane leaves.
a) many b) much
4. There are people at the beach. Only two women.
a) few b) little
5. There is oil. Buy some more, please!
a) few b) little

3. Completa con too many, too much o enough. Fíjate tanto en el sentido como en
el sustantivo:
1. There aren’t policemen in our town.
2. I am very busy. I have things to do.
3. Do you have eggs to cook an omelette?
4. My mum can’t sleep because she drinks coffee.
5. I don’t have time to do exercise.

Soluciones
3. 1. enough, 2. too many, 3. enough, 4. too much, 5. enough,
2. 1. a, 2. b, 3. b, 4. a, 5. b.
1. 1. much, 2. many, 3. a lot of, 4. a lot of, 5. much.
HAVE
HA
AVE
V y HAVE
HAV
AV
VE G OT
GOTT
USO
Have y have gotvb]mbC1-mѴo
lbvlo1†-m7ov;_-0Ѵ-7;tener:

HAVE Tener
HAVE (Tengo un coche bonito.)
GOT

Comer
Tomar Sbm;l0-rgoķhave;vl†1_ol࢙vg;m;r-Ѵ y|-l0b࣐mv;†v-
1olovbmॕmblo7;comer, beber, tomar:
I have lunch at 2 every day.
(Como a las 2 cada día.)

FORMA
Have y have got 7bC;r;ml†1_o;m1†-nto-foul-ĺ
Have got v;†v-voѴo;mrr;v;nt;ķlb;ntr-vt†; have
r†;7;†v-rv;;m .

HAVE HAVE GOT

Presente Otros Presente Otros

I have a I had a I’ve got a

dog dog dog

I don’t I didn’t I haven’t

have have got a dog
a dog a dog

Do you Did you Have you

have a have a got a dog?
dog? dog?

-Solo presente
-Con verbo auxiliar -Sin verbo auxiliar
-No admite contracción -No admite contracción
 Have y have got | 39

1. Escribe la forma corta, la contracción, de:

1. We have got
2. She has not got
3. I have not got
4. Peter has got
5. It has got

2. Forma la pregunta con have got:

1. (you / a cat?) 4. (Peter and Jane / many
2. (her father / a motorbike?) friends

3. Ann / green eyes?) 5. (your uncle / a good

camera?)

3. Completa con have got (‘ve got), has got (‘s got), haven’t got o hasn’t got:
1. I can’t open the door. I ………………… a key.
2. Paul ………………… a brother and a sister.
3. ………….. you ………….. a new bicycle?
4. Tom catches the bus to work every day. He ………………… a car.
5. I’m going to the dentist. I ………………… toothache.
6. ‘Where’s my book?’ ‘I don’t know. I ………………… it.
7. ………….. your mother ………….. red hair?
8. She’s very busy. She ………………… much time to relax.
9. Spiders ………………… eight legs.
10. Paula ………………… a dog called Bobby.
Soluciones
10. Paula‘s got a dog called Bobby.
very busy. She hasn’t got much time to relax. - 9. Spiders have got eight legs. -
book?’ ‘I don’t know. I haven’t got it. - 7. Has your mother got red hair? - 8. She’s
He hasn’t got a car. - 5. I’m going to the dentist. I‘ve got toothache. - 6. ‘Where’s my
sister. - 3. Have you got a new bicycle? - 4. Tom catches the bus to work every day.
3. 1. I can’t open the door. I haven’t got a key. - 2. Paul’s got a brother and a
got a good camera?
green eyes? - 4. Have Peter and Jane got many friends? - 5. Has your uncle
2. 1. Have you got a cat? - 2. Has her father got a motorbike? - 3. Has Ann got
1 . 1.We’ve got - 2. She hasn’t got - 3. I haven’t got - 4. Peter’s got - 5. It’s got.
 LA COMPARACIÓN
COMPARATIVO
DE
SUPERIORIDAD:

1 Ann is older than me. (Ann es mayorr que yo.)

2 vocal, consonante), doblamos la consonante:

Peter is thinner than Mike. (Peterr es más delgado
Más que... que Mike.)

3 My bag is heavier than yours. (Mi bolsa es más pesada que la tuya.)

4 Mary is more intelligent than Sarah. (Mary

y es más inteligente que Sarah.)

¡OJO!

9
COMPARATIVO
DE Menos que...
INFERIORIDAD:
12

The watch is less expensive than the bracelet.

(El reloj es menos caro que la pulsera.)

COMPARATIVO
Igual de… que, Tan… como DE
IGUALDAD:

Peter is as tall as John.

Peterr es tan alto como John.)
 La comparación | 41

1. Completa con el comparativo de superioridad:

1. Claudia is (ambitious) than her sister.
2. London is (busy) than Glasgow.
3. Sarah isn’t (tall) than her best friend.
4. Dogs are (intelligent) than hamsters.
5. Is Peter (old) than Paul?

2. El comparativo de igualdad (as… as) se usa mucho para hacer símiles.

Completa las frases con el símil adecuado:
as black as coal / as white as snow /
as cold as ice / as light as a feather / as free as a bird
1. On the first day of his vacation, the boy felt .
2. The night was .
3. The bicycle looks heavy, but it feels .
4. The sheets on the bed are .
5. Her eyes were .

Soluciones

5. as cold as ice.
2. 1. as free as a bird, 2. as black as coal, 3. as light as a feather, 4. as white as snow,
1. 1. more ambitious, 2. busier, 3. taller, 4. more intelligent, 5. older.
 SUPERLATIVE
"†r;uѴ-ঞˆo7;v†r;uboub7-7Ĺń;ѴņѴ-ņѴovņѴ-vl࢙vĺĺĺŅ
mbm]Ѵ࣐v|;m;lovˆ-ub-vl-m;u-v7;=oul-uѴoĹ

exam

7f;ঞˆov7;7ovvझѴ-0-v
|;ulbm-7ov;mŊ‹Ĺ
$ Ƴ  $(Ƴ "$

‹0-]bv|_;_;-ˆb;v|
(Mi bolsa es la más pesada.)
7f;ঞˆov7;7o
vvझѴ-0-v
0-Ĺ
7 ; † m-vझѴ- ol࢙vĹ
ˆo v $
7f;ঞ Ƴ "
  $( $ Ƴ"$Ƴ
 $(
$ Ƴ
Ѵ7;v| -u‹bv|_;lov
|_;o |bm|;ѴѴb];m|
mmbv ayor.) ]buѴbm|_;1Ѵ-vvĺ(M
s la m ary es la
(Ann e más inteligente
de la clase.)

IRREGULARES
Ѹ+1†b7-7o1omѴov-7f;ঞˆovbuu;]†Ѵ-u;vĴ
oo7Ŋ|_;0;v|
-7Ŋ|_;‰ouv|
-uŊ|_;=†u|_;v|
(;u࢙vt†;1olr-u|;mѴ-|;ulbm-1bॕmŋv|ķ1oloѴovu;]†Ѵ-u;v

ѸĴķ
Ѵ-|;m|-1bॕm;v†v-uvb;lru;|_;lov|ķ
roubm|;u=;u;m1b-7;Ş;Ѵl࢙vŞĺ

"& !$(  !!  Ĺ  "Ļ

This watch is the least expensive.
(Este reloj es el menos caro.)

9 4 15
 Superlative | 43

1. Coloca las formas de superlativo de los siguientes adjetivos en el crucigrama:

1 2 Horizontal:
3
1. nice
4
4. fat
5

6. cheap
8. short
6 9. good

7 Vertical:
8
2. easy
3. tall
9
5. light
7. bad
2. Relaciona las dos partes de la frase:
1. Who is the… A happiest boy that I know.
2 My grandma is the… B biggest cake in the shop.
3 December is the… C most famous actor in your country?
4 What’s the… D cleanest beaches in your country?
5 John is the… E coldest month of the year in my country.
6 This is the… F tallest person in your family?
7 Where are the… G best cook in the world.
8 She bought the… H the least expensive shoes.
9 Who is the… I most dangerous animal in the world?
10 These are… J least difficult exercise.
Soluciones
T
T S E B
9
T R
T S E T H O R S
8
E W
7
T T
T T S E P A E H C
6
S E G
E L I
I L L
5
T S E T T A F
4
A T
2. 1F, 2G, 3E, 4I, 5A, 6J, 7D, 8B, 9C, 10H. T S C E I N
3 1.
2 1
 IN,ON,ATঞঞ;lro
IN ON AT
Meses Días de la Horas
v;l-m- -|Cˆ;oŝ1Ѵo1h
bmrubѴ
-Ѵ-v1bm1o
;m-0ubѴ on Monday
;ѴѴ†m;v at midnight
APRIL -l;7b-mo1_;
rubѴ 2015

1
Monday $†;v7-‹ );7m;v7-‹ $_†uv7-‹ ub7-‹ "-|†u7-‹ "†m7-‹

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Años
in 1996 Fechas
;mƐƖƖѵ
on Christmas Day Celebraciones
Estaciones ;Ѵ7झ-7;-ˆb7-7 at Christmas
del año
;m-ˆb7-7
in winter
;mbmˆb;umo on the 1st of February at Easter
;ѴƐ7;=;0u;uo ;m-v1†-
in the summer of 69
;m;Ѵˆ;u-mo7;ѴѵƖ
Šru;vbom;v
Parte de un
Periodos largos de ‹-Cf-7-v
día concreto
ঞ;lro
in the 80’s at the weekend
;mѴovo1_;m|- on Tuesday morning ;m;ѴCm7;v;l-m-
in the 20th century ;Ѵl-u|;vrouѴ-
l-ो-m- -||_;v-l;ঞl;
;m;Ѵvb]Ѵo** -Ѵ-ˆ;Œ

Partes del día at the moment

in the morning ;m;v|;lol;m|o
rouѴ-l-ो-m-
(salvo: at night)

Plazos
in two weeks
Ő7;m|uo7;7ovv;l-m-vő

No usamos in/on/at delante de:

This Ő|_bvloumbm]ķ|_bvlom|_ķ;|1ĺő
Every Ő;ˆ;u‹7-‹ķ;ˆ;u‹‰;;hķ;|1ĺő
Last ŐѴ-v|†]†v|ķѴ-v|‰;;hķ;|1ĺő
Next Őm;Š|om7-‹ķm;Š|‹;-uķ;|1ĺő
"_;Ľv]obm]|o|_;7o1|oum;Š|$†;v7-‹(y no “on next
Tuesday”)
 In, on, at tiempo | 45

1. Coloca estas expresiones de tiempo en su lugar:

6 June / 1982 / night / Friday / half past two / winter / Thursday evening/
September / the morning / the moment / the 60’s / midday /

in on at

2. Completa con in, on, at o deja el espacio en blanco si es necesario:

1. I always feel happy Saturday morning.
2. We went to Paris last summer.
3. Wait for me! I’m coming ten minutes.
4. Bye! See you Wednesday!
5. I play football the weekend.
6. I was born 1995.
7. I get up 7.30 every morning.
8. It often rains spring.
9. My grandma phones me every Sunday.
10. I got married 22 May.

Soluciones

2. 1. on, 2. –, 3. in, 4. on, 5. at, 6. in, 7. at, 8. in, 9. – , 10. on.

At: night, half past two, the moment, midday
On: 6 June, Friday, Thursday evening
In: 1982, winter, September, the morning, the 60’s
1.
 IN,ON, lugar
IN ON AT
Países, Medios de Lugares donde
ciudades transporte hacemos algo
;vr;1झC1oŐ;v|†7b-uķ
in France, Paris on a bike, a bus, trabajar, ver una
en Francia, en París a train… película…)
en la bici, el bus, un tren
at school, home,
Őv-Ѵˆo1-uķ|-Šbő work, university, the
-burou|ķ|_;v|-ঞomķ
Habitaciones en la escuela, en casa,
el trabajo, la universi-
in the kitchen 7-7ķ;Ѵ-;uor†;u|oķѴ-
en la cocina estación

7bC1bov "†r;uC1b;v
in a shop, a museum on|_;Yoouķ|_;‰-ѴѴķ
;m†m-ঞ;m7-ķ the roof, a table
un museo ;m;Ѵv†;ѴoķѴ-r-u;7ķ
;Ѵ|;f-7oķ†m-l;v- Direcciones
at ƒƔƏ b[_ˆ;m†;
Espacios cerrados ;m;Ѵmিl;uoƒƔƏ7;Ѵ-
Direcciones
o delimitados †bm|--ˆ;mb7-
on|_;Ѵ;[ķ|_;ub]_|
in a park, a garden
-Ѵ-bŒt†b;u7-ķ Junto a un punto
in a car, a taxi Ѵ-7;u;1_-
;m†mr-ut†;ķ†mf-u7झm
concreto
en un coche, un taxi at the window, the
door, the corner, the
bus stop, the entrance
Espacios con agua
;mѴ-ˆ;m|-m-ķѴ-r†;u|-ķ
o líquido Ѵ-;vt†bm-ķѴ-r-u-7-7;Ѵ
in the water, the 0†vķѴ-;m|u-7-
v;-ķl‹1o@;;
en el agua, el mar, Posición
el café at |_;|orķ|_;0o‚ol
(of a page)
-uub0-ķ-0-foŐ7;†m-
Arrive IN / arrive AT? r࢙]bm-ő

Eventos
Arrive in + países y ciudades at a party, a concert,
Arrive at + ;7bC1bovķ;v|-1bom;vķ;|1ĺ a wedding
;m†m-C;v|-ķ
†m1om1b;u|oķ†m-0o7-
 In, on, at lugar | 47

1. Completa con in, on, at:

1. What do you have the bag?
2. My best friend lives Sweden.
3. There’s a man the roof of that house!
4. I like walking the park in summer.
5. I met my boyfriend my cousin’s wedding.
6. I love swimming lakes. Everything’s so quiet!
7. I’ll see you later the concert.
8. We arrived London yesterday.
9. Look at that picture ____ the wall!
10. ‘Do you work?’ ‘No, I’m still school.’

2. Escoge la preposición correcta:

a) in b) on c) at
1. Paula is work.
2. Pass me the dictionary, it’s the bookshelf.
3. Frankfurt is Germany.
4. You have something your face.
5. The answer is the bottom of the page.
6. There are a lot of magnets the fridge.
7. Maggie is a taxi. She’s coming now.
8. I’ll meet you the station.
9. We arrived the airport too late.
10. There was a picture of a cat her T-shirt.
Soluciones

2. 1. c, 2. b, 3. a, 4. b, 5. c, 6. b, 7. a, 8. c, 9. c, 10. b.
1. 1. in, 2. in, 3. on, 4. in, 5. at, 6. in, 7. at, 8. in, 9. on, 10. at.
 PRESENTE CONTINUO

Usos Acciones que están pasando

en el momento de hablar:
Situaciones permanentes:
I’m staying with my sister
Anna is cooking (Estoy viviendo con
(Anna está cocinando) mi hermana)

+ now, at the + now, these days,

moment... for a few days...

Formas
to be + sujeto + gerundio (-ing)?
Am I reading
Sujeto + to be + Sujeto + to be + not +
gerundio (-ing) gerundio (-ing) You
Are We working
I am reading I am not They
reading
You (I’m not)
You he
We Is she sleeping
are working We are not working
They it
They (aren’t)
he
is sleeping he is not
she sleeping
she Yes, + sujeto + to be
it (isn’t)
it No, + sujeto + to be + not
Formación de -ing: I am
You
We are
work - working (añadimos “-ing”) They
General Yes,
he
is
she it
drive - driving (pierden la “e” y añaden “-ing”)
Verbos –e I ‘m not
You
lie - lying (la “ie” pasa a “y” y se añade “-ing”) No, We aren’t
Verbos –ie They
he isn’t
v|orŊv|orrbm]Ő7o0Ѵ-lovѴ-িѴঞl- she it
consonante y añadimos “-ing”)
Verbos acabados en consonante, vocal
y consonante

Estado y posesión: be, have, own...

"State verbs": no ;u1;r1bॕm‹v;mঞ7oĹ see, hear, smell, feel, taste...
pueden expresarse en
Pensamiento y opinión: believe, remember, know,
ru;v;m|;1omঞm†oĺ think, seem...
Gusto, preferencia: like, dislike, love, hate...
 Presente continuo | 49

1. Escribe la forma de gerundio de los verbos siguientes:

1 Across
3 Die
2 3 4 Study
5 Make
4
6 Eat
7 Run
5

6 Down
7 1 Go
2 Wash
3 Drink

2. Completa las frases con am/is/are/do/don’t/does/doesn’t.

1. Excuse me, you speak Spanish?
2. I can’t go to the park. I doing my homework.
3. She work in an office. She is a doctor.
4. ‘Where’s Anna?’ ‘She working.’
5. We want to go out. It’s raining!
6. she live in Spain?
7. ‘Where are the children?’ They playing in the park.

Soluciones
G
G R U N N I N G
7

I N G I E A T
6

I M A K I N G
5

H N
S T U D Y I N G
4

A R N
W D Y I N G
2 3

O 5. don’t, 6. does, 7. are.

G 2. 1. do, 2. am, 3. doesn’t, 4. is, 1.
1
 PRESENTE PERFECTO 2 Experiencias en general
vbm;vr;1bC1-uঞ;lroĺ
3 Acciones del pasado
que siguen en el
presente.
I’ve been to Mexico.
I’ve lived in Japan
1 Acciones recientes (He estado en México.)
since 2008.
vbm;vr;1bC1-u I’ve never seen a
ঞ;lroĺ (Vivo en Japón desde
v_ooঞm]v|-uĺ 2008. Me mudé en
Anna has had a baby. (Nunca he visto una
(Anna ha tenido un 2008 y sigo allí.)
estrella fugaz.)
bebé.)
+ already, yet, ever, never o + for y since.
+ just, recently... expresiones de frecuencia.

Sujeto + have/has
(con he, she, it) Sujeto + have/has (con he, Sujeto + have/has (con he,
Ƴr-uঞ1brbo v_;ķb|őƳmo|Ƴr-uঞ1brbo v_;ķb|őƳmo|Ƴr-uঞ1brbo
I I I
You have the You have the the
We seen We seen Have You
We seen
CѴlĺ CѴlĺ CѴlĵ
They They They
He the He the He the
She has seen She has seen Has She seen
it CѴlĺ it CѴlĺ it CѴlĵ

REGULARES: + -ed Peter has been to Italy.

(play -> played, work ->
worked)
IRREGULARES: hay que
aprendérselas de memoria
(drink -> drunk)
Peter ha estado en
Italia; ha ido y ha vuelto.
Peter has gone to Italy.
Peter se ha ido a Italia.
No ha vuelto.
Presente perfecto:
vínculo con el presente.
Pasado: detalles del pasado
;m†mঞ;lroo=;1_-;Š-1|ov
(yesterday, last week, 2 days
ago), sin vínculo con el
presente.

-Have you seen _bvm;‰CѴlĵ

Őu;]†m|-lovrouѴ-;Šr;ub;m-
cia general.)
ERROR MÁS FRECUENTE: confundir el
presente perfecto con el presente simple: -Yes, I have.
-And what did ‹o†|_bmho=b|ĵ
I live in Sweden for 2 years. Ő;7blov7;|-ѴѴ;v7;-Ѵ]ot†;
I’ve lived in Sweden for 2 years. ‹-v-0;lovt†;_-v†1;7b7o
Hace dos años que vivo en Suecia. en el pasado: ver la película.)
(Me mudé hace dos años y sigo viviendo allí.)
-I loved it!
 Presente perfecto | 51

1. Escribe la forma de participio de los siguientes verbos irregulares:

1 2 Across
4 See
3
6 Write
4
7 Begin
9 Cut

5 Down
6
1 Do
2 Be
3 Catch
4 Speak
7 8
5 Drive
8 Get
9

2. Completa las frases con el presente perfecto o pasado simple de los verbos
entre paréntesis:
1. Tom is not here. He (go) to the bank.
2. you ever (see) Titanic?’ ‘Yes, I
(see) it when I was a teenager.’
3. I (not eat) in this restaurant before.
4. She (not do) her homework yesterday.
5. Paula loves that CD! She (listen) to it thousands of times!
6. ‘Are you thirsty?’ ‘No, I just (drink) a glass
of water.’
C U T
Soluciones
9
O
B E G U N
8 7
E
V
I N
W R I T T E N
6
D H K
5
G O
drunk. U P
A S E E N
4
eaten, 4. didn’t do, 5. has listened, 6. have / C
3
N E
O E
2. 1. has gone, 2. Have / seen / saw, 3. haven’t D B 1.
2 1
 Ahora mismo o
Ya (+) Aún (-) / Ya (?) Aún no (-)
«acabo de» (+)

Para preguntar En frases

Cosas que ya
si se ha hecho
se han hecho Acción que
algo o para para hablar de
(a veces antes acaba de
decir que algo cosas que aún
de lo suceder.
no se ha no se han
esperado).
hecho aún. hecho.

Entre Delante de Entre

AѴCm-Ѵ7;Ѵ- HAVE/HAS y
HAVE/HAS y HAVEN’T
frase
/HASN’T

Anna has We haven’t I haven’t I’ve just seen

already read had dinner found my your sister.
that book. yet. glasses.
Have you

essay yet?

¡Ojo! también puede usarse

1 Situaciones que siguen

en el presente:

factory.
(Aún trabaja o sigue
trabajando en esa fábrica.)

Acción que no se espera

EXPRESIONES de 2 a causa de otro factor:

PRESENT went to school.

(Paul estaba enfermo, pero

PERFECT
aun así fue a la escuela.)
 Expresiones de present perfect | 53

1. Escoge la mejor opción:

1. I have read the newspaper.
a. already b. yet c. still
2. She hasn’t visited Buenos Aires .
a. still b. yet c. just
3. My parents have seen this film.
a. already b. yet c. still
4. We have met your cousin. She’s very nice.
a. already b. just c. still
5. Has your sister started school ?
a. already b. yet c. just

2. Completa la frase con already, yet, still y just:

1. Have you finished your homework ?
2. Is your grandmother alive?
3. We haven’t prepared anything to eat .
4. She hasn’t decided what to wear for the wedding .
5. We are late. The film has started.

Soluciones

2. 1. yet, 2. still, 3. yet, 4. yet, 5. already.

1. 1. a, 2. b, 3. a, 4. b, 5. b.
 PASADO CONTINUO
USOS
-Acción en curso en -Ambiente o
un momento 1om|;Š|o7;†m-
;vr;1झC1o7;Ѵr-v-7oĺ -11bॕm;m;Ѵr-v-7oĺ
+;v|;u7-‹-|ѵrlķ |‰-v-om7-‹ķ|_;
mm-‰-vu†mmbm]bm v†m‰-vv_bmbm]-m7
|_;r-uhĺ |_;0bu7v‰;u;vbm]bm]ĺ
(Ayer a las 18, Anna (Era lunes; hacía sol y
estaba corriendo por el los pájaros cantaban.)
parque.)

FORMA
Sujeto + was/were + not + gerundio
I
he on the
she wasn’t sleeping
it sofa
Sujeto + was/were + gerundio
You on the
I We weren’t sleeping
he sofa
she was sleeping on the They
it sofa

You on the
We were sleeping
They sofa Was/were + sujeto + gerundio?
I
was:Ɛĺ‹ƒĺ he on the
r;uvom-7;Ѵ Was she sleeping
it sofa?
vbm]†Ѵ-u
were:r-u-;Ѵ You on the
u;v|o7;
Were We sleeping
They sofa?
r;uvom-v

¿PASADO
SIMPLE O 2 3 ‰_;mƳr-v-7ovblrѴ;
CONTINUO? &m--11bॕmbm|;uu†lrb7-rou ‰_bѴ;Ƴr-v-7o1omঞm†o
o|u-Ĺ;mr-v-7o1omঞm†oĺ
1 --11bॕmt†;Ѵ-bm|;uu†lr;Ĺ
Ŋ$_;v|†7;m|v‰;u;v_o†ঞm]
11bom;v|;ulbm-7-v;m ‰_;m|_;|;-1_;u1-l;bmĺ
;mr-v-7ovblrѴ;ĺ (Los alumnos estaban gritando
;Ѵr-v-7oĹr-v-7ovblrѴ;ĺ
Acciones que se ‰-v_-ˆbm]-v_o‰;u‰_;m cuando entró el profesor.)
7;v-uuoѴѴ-m-m|;vo-Ѵ- |_;r_om;u-m]ĺ Ŋmm--uubˆ;7‰_bѴ;‰-v
ˆ;Œt†;Ѵ--11bॕm;m (Me estaba duchando _-ˆbm]0u;-h=-v|ĺ
r-v-7ovblrѴ;Ĺr-v-7o cuando sonó el teléfono.) (Anna llegó mientras desayuna-
1omঞm†oĺ ba/estaba desayunando.)
 Pasado continuo | 55

1. Completa con when o while:

1. she was brushing her teeth, the neighbour knocked on
the door.
2. My dad was reading the newspaper my mum was
watching TV.
3. I went to bed, it was snowing.
4. my brother was playing videogames, the lights went out.
5. Jane arrived, I was still sleeping.

2. Completa con la forma correcta del verbo entre paréntesis:

1. While I (text), the school bus (arrive).
2. Cindy (break) her leg while she (ski).
3. What you (do) on Monday at 8 am?
4. He (listen) to the radio while he (pre-
pare) breakfast.
5. When you (call) me I (cook).
6. My father (drive) at 120 km/h when a policeman
(stop) him.
7. We (study) in Milan when we first (meet).
8. they (live) in Munich when they
(have) their baby?

Soluciones

met, 8. Were they living / had.

was preparing, 5. called / was cooking, 6. was driving / stopped, 7. were studying /
2. 1. was texting / arrived, 2. broke / was skiing, 3. were you doing, 4. was listening /
1. 1. while, 2. while, 3. when, 4. while, 5. when.
 PRONOMBRES
Pronombre de DE OBJETO
sujeto
Pronombre de objeto
(indirecto)
(¿A/para quién?)

My parents sent Jimmy a present.

(Mis padres enviaron un regalo a
Jimmy.)

They sent him a present.

(Le enviaron un regalo.)

They sent it to him.

Pronombre de
(Se lo enviaron)
objeto (directo)
(¿Qué?)

FORMAS
SUJETO OBJETO
I Me
You You
He Him
She Her
It It
We Us
You You
They Them

Los pronombres de objeto pueden ir:

1 Detrás de un verbo: 2 Detrás de una preposición:

Send us a postcard Wait for her!
from Turkey. (¡Espérala!)
(Envíanos una postal
desde Turquía.)
 Pronombres objeto | 57

1. Sustituye el objeto directo o indirecto por su pronombre:

a) You can watch the game with me. ⇒ it
b) Do you like horror movies? ⇒
c) Do your parents know the teacher? ⇒
d) Did you buy a book? ⇒
e) Do you help your mother? ⇒
f) Do you play with your brothers? ⇒

2. Ordena las palabras para formar frases:

a) message / gave / the / I / her
.
b) help / can / us / you
?
c) know / doesn’t / Carmen / him
.
d) us / every / visit / parents / my / Sunday
.
e) very / to / carefully / me / listen
.

Soluciones

d) My parents visit us every Sunday. e) Listen to me very carefully.

2. a) I gave her the message. b) Can you help us? c) Carmen doesn’t know him.
them.
⇒ it; e) Do you help your mother? ⇒ her; f) Do you play with your brothers? ⇒
them; c) Do your parents know the teacher? ⇒ him / her; d) Did you buy a book?
1. a) You can watch the game with me. ⇒ it; b) Do you like horror movies? ⇒
 FORMAS DE
FUTURO
Decisiones espontáneas tomadas en el momento de
I
hablar:
[The phone is ringing] I’ll get it!

1WILL / (¡Yo lo cojo!)

Para preguntas
WON’T Promesas, amenazas u ofertas. usamos shall:
I’ll pay you back tomorrow, Shall I open
don’t worry. the window?
(¿Abro la
(Mañana te
ventana?)
lo devulevo)

Predicciones sin pruebas reales.

You’ll have fun in the party, you’ll see!
(Te lo pasar࢙v0b;m;mѴ-C;v|-ķѸya verás!)

2TO BE Look at those clouds! It’s going to rain.

(¡Mira esas nubes! Va a llover.)
GOING TO
Planes futuros e intenciones (realistas o no):
I'm going to be an actor when I grow up.
(De mayor seré actor.)

3
PRESENTE
We’re playing
(Jugaremos al fútbol mañana por la tarde.)
CONTINUO
tomorrow, in 3 days…
y

4PRESENTE Acciones futuras que forman parte

de un horario o programa.
¡Ojo!
En castellano
usamos mucho el
Our train leaves at 13.30. presente para
SIMPLE
(El tren sale a las 13:30.) hablar de futuro.
En inglés, solo
en este caso.
 Formas de futuro I | 59

1. ¿Will o going to? Escoge la mejor opción:

1. I feel really tired. I think I’ll / am going to go to bed.
2. I think Dennis will / is going to like this CD.
3. ‘Did you phone Tom?’ ‘Oh, I forgot! I’ll / am going to do it now.’
4. ‘Where are you going?’ ‘I will / am going to visit a customer.’
5. That suitcase is too heavy for you. I’ll / am going to give you a
hand.
6. ‘What are your plans for the holidays?’ ‘I’ll / am going to visit some
friends in Mexico.’

2. Completa cada frase con una de las formas de futuro más adecuadas:
1. The plane (leave) at 17.15.
2. On Saturday at 9 pm I (meet) my friend.
3. They (fly) to Geneva on Friday evening.
4. The German lesson (start) at 9.00.
5. Hurry up! The conference (begin) in 20 minutes.
6. What v (you / wear) at the party tonight?

Soluciones

wear / are you wearing.

2. 1. leaves, 2. I’m meeting, 3. They’re flying, 4. starts, 5. begins, 6. are you going to
1. 1. ‘ll, 2. will, 3. ’ll, 4. am going to, 5. ’ll, 6. am going to.
 ¿GERUNDIO O INFINITIVO?
LOS ˆ;u0vr-‚;umv
Verbos
Verbos
Verbos que admiten
con to +
en -ing las dos
bmCmbঞˆo
formas

Detrás de verbos de ;|u࢙v7;†m-7f;ঞˆoĹ Sin cambio de

preferencia:
like, love, hate, (don’t)
mind, enjoy...
Ѵoˆ;v‰bllbm]bmѴ-h;vĺ
(Me encanta nadar en
los lagos.)
Excepción: cuando
llevan would:
‰o†Ѵ7Ѵbh;|ov‰bl
bm|_;v‰bllbm]rooѴĺ
(Me gustaría nadar en
la piscina.)
Detrás de una
preposición:
Ľl]oo7-|rѴ-‹bm]
=oo|0-ѴѴĺ
(Se me da bien
jugar al fútbol.)
$_bv;Š;u1bv;bv;-v‹|o
7oĺ
(Este ejercicio es fácil de
hacer.)
Cuando introduce un
o0f;ঞˆoĹ
);‰;m||_;u;|ov;;
o†u]u-m7r-u;m|vĺ
(Fuimos a ver a nuestros
abuelos.)
Detrás de pronom-
0u;vbm|;uuo]-ঞˆovĹ
what, where, when…
omĽ||;ѴѴl;‰_-||o
7oĺ
(No me digas qué hacer.)
Detrás de determina-
dos verbos:
‰-m|ķrѴ-mķ7;1b7;ķo@;uķ
hope, learn, pretend,
promise…
vb]mbC1-7oĹ
v|-u|ķ0;]bmķ1omঞm†;
v|-u|;7v|†7‹bm]ņ|o
v|†7‹|-Ѵb-m|‰o‹;-uv
-]oĺ
(Empecé a estudiar
italiano hace dos años)
Con cambio de
vb]mbC1-7oĹ
"|orņCmbv_ + verbo en
-ing: parar/terminar de +
bmCmbঞˆo
v|orņCmbv_ƳbmCmbঞˆoĹ
parar/terminar para +
bmCmbঞˆo
Cmbv_;7;-ঞm]ĺ
(Paré de comer.)
Cmbv_;7|o;-|ĺ
(Paré para comer.)

$u‹ƳbmCmbঞˆoĹintentar +
bmCmbঞˆo
Try + verbo en -ing: probar
+ gerundio
Cuando el verbo es
el sujeto/objeto: "_;|ub;7|ou;-1_|_-|
1†r0o-u7ķ0†|v_;1o†Ѵ7mĽ|ĺ
"lohbm]bv0-7=ou‹o†ĺ (Intentó llegar al armario,
(Fumar es malo.) pero no pudo.)
"_;‰-m|;7|oѴov;‰;b]_|ķ
vov_;|ub;7;-ঞm]lou;
_;-Ѵ|_bѴ‹ĺ (Quería perder
peso, así que probó
comiendo más sano.)
Remember/forget +
verbo -ing: recordar/olvi-
7-uƳbmCmbঞˆo
Remember/forget +
bmCmbঞˆoĹacordarse de/
oѴˆb7-uv;7;ƳbmCmbঞˆo
u;l;l0;urѴ-‹bm]bm
|_-|r-uh‰_;m‰-v-
hb7ĺ(Recuerdo jugar en
ese parque de pequeño.)
7b7mĽ|u;l;l0;u|o
rov||_;Ѵ;‚;uĺ(No me
acordé de enviar la
carta.)
 Gerundio o infinitivo | 61

1. Escoge la forma correcta:

1. I plan her again.
a) to see b) seeing
2. Do you enjoy ?
a) to cook b) cooking
3. I didn’t say anything about there.
a) to go b) going
4. I wanted with you about this project.
a) to speak b) speaking
5. If he keeps this way, he will get into trouble.
a) to act b) acting
6. It’s hard a firefighter.
a) to be b) being

2. Completa con la forma correcta del verbo:

1. I tried (bake) a cake but it was terrible.
2. Don’t forget (lock) the door before you leave.
3. I don’t remember (call) the lawyer yesterday.
4. This programme is very stupid. I’ll stop (watch) it.
5 ‘I can’t sleep.’ ‘Try (drink) some herbal tea before you
go to bed.’
6. I saw my neighbour watering her plants. She stopped
(talk) to me.

Soluciones

2. 1. To bake, 2. To lock, 3. Calling, 4. Watching, 5. Drinking, 6. To talk,

1. 1. a, 2. b, 3. b, 4. a, 5. b, 6. a,
OBLIGACIÓN AUTORIZACIÓN PROHIBICIÓN

PRESENTE
I have to leave early.
(Tengo que irme pronto.)
OBLIGACIÓN I must leave early.
(Debo irme pronto.)
PASADO
I had to leave early.
(Tuve que irme pronto.)

We don’t have to pay. We didn’t have to pay.

AUSENCIA DE
(No tenemos que pagar/No (No tuvimos que pagar/
OBLIGACIÓN
hace falta que paguemos.) No hizo falta pagar.)

We can watch TV. We could watch TV.

We’re allowed to watch TV. We were allowed to
AUTORIZACIÓN (Podemos/Nos permiten ver watch TV. (Podíamos/Nos
la tele.) r;ulbঠ-mˆ;uѴ-|;Ѵ;ĺő

They can’t use the phone. They couldn’t use the

They aren’t allowed to use
the phone.
PROHIBICIÓN They mustn’t use the phone.
(No pueden/No se les
permite/No deben usar el
teléfono.)
phone.
They weren’t allowed to
use the phone.
(No podían/No se les
r;ulbঠ-ņo7;0झ-m†v-u;Ѵ
teléfono.)

¡Ojo al dato!
HAVE TO vs. MUST

Have to es obligación,
pero don’t have to no HAVE TO MUST
es prohibición, sino
ausencia de obligación. Obligación Acción Usos:
externa importante solo en
"b]mbC1-t†;-Ѵ]omo;v al hablante. presente y
para el
obligatorio o necesario. hablante o futuro.
impuesta No es
por él habitual en
mismo. preguntas.
 Obligación-autorización-prohibición | 63

1. Escoge la forma más adecuada:

1. The concert is free. You don’t have to / mustn’t pay.
2. In Britain you have to / must drive on the left.
3. You don’t have to / mustn’t leave the door open. The dog will get
out.
4. I have to / must get to work before 8.30. My boss is very strict.
5. You mustn’t / don’t have to smoke here!

2. Coloca la expresión pertinente en cada frase:

had to go / had to show / had to wait / must get /
must help / mustn’t be / mustn’t play / mustn’t sign
1. ‘Hi, Mark. Where’s your dad?’ ‘Oh, he to work
because there was an emergency.’
2. She has a big problem. We her.
3. You a document before reading it carefully.
4. The meeting is at 9.00. You late.
5. He didn’t know how to use the camera. I him.
6. You some exercise if you want to keep fit.
7. You with knives. It’s dangerous.
8. We half an hour for a taxi yesterday

Soluciones

7. mustn’t play, 8. had to wait.

2. 1. had to go, 2. must help, 3. mustn’t sign, 4. mustn’t be, 5. had to show, 6. must get,
1. 1. don’t have to, 2. have to, 3. mustn’t, 4. have to, 5. mustn’t.
 PASIVA
En inglés
se usa mucho
más que
en español.

USOS
Cuando se quiere incidir en el Si queremos mencionar a quien
objeto que recibe la acción más realiza la acción, usamos by (no
que en quien la realiza. ;v;Ѵv†f;|o]u-l-ঞ1-ѴőĹ
ACTIVA
ACTIVA My car The Harry
J. K. Rowling o‚;uv-]-
was
Someone wrote the ‰-v‰ub‚;m
stolen.
stole my -uu‹o‚;u by J. K.
PASIVA saga.
car Rowling.
(Me robaron el
coche.) PASIVA
(La serie de
-uu‹o‚;u=†;
escrita por J. K.
Rowling.)

FORMA
"†f;|oƳ|o0;Ő;m;Ѵঞ;lroˆ;u0-Ѵoub]bm-ѴőƳr-uঞ1brbo
$_;7o1|ouor;u-|;v7;r-ঞ;m| $_;r-ঞ;m|bvor;u-|;70‹|_;7o1|ouĺ

u-v;;mru;v;m|;vblrѴ; ļ|o0;Ľ;mru;v;m|;
vblrѴ;

(;-lovo|uovঞ;lrovˆ;u0-Ѵ;vĹ
TIEMPO VERBAL SUJETO VERBO OBJETO

u;v;m| 1ঞˆ- $ol ‰ub|;v -0oohĺ

vblrѴ; -vbˆ- A book bv‰ub‚;m 0‹$olĺ

-v| 1ঞˆ- $ol ‰uo|; -0oohĺ

vblrѴ; -vbˆ- A book ‰-v‰ub‚;m 0‹$olĺ
u;v;m| 1ঞˆ- $ol _-v‰ub‚;m -0oohĺ
r;u=;1| -vbˆ- A book _-v0;;m‰ub‚;m 0‹$olĺ

1ঞˆ- $ol ‰bѴѴ‰ub|; -0oohĺ

†|†u;
-vbˆ- A book ‰bѴѴ0;‰ub‚;m 0‹$olĺ

Ѵ]†m-v=u-v;vr†;7;m|;m;u7ov=oul-v7;r-vbˆ-1†-m7o_-‹7ovo0f;|ovĹ
Peter wrote an email to Jane

An email ‰-v‰ub‚;m|o-m;Ő0‹;|;uő Jane ‰-v‰ub‚;m-m;l-bѴŐ0‹;|;uő

 Pasiva | 65

1. Completa las frases para que queden en voz pasiva. Fíjate bien en el tiempo
verbal de la frase en la voz activa original:
1. Peter washes the dishes.
The dishes by Peter.
2. Maria cleaned the kitchen.
The kitchen by Maria.
3. Someone found a bag in the bus.
The bag in the bus.
4. You can’t wash the dress in hot water. The dress
in hot water.
5. They will announce the plan tomorrow.
The plan tomorrow.
6. Jane has bought a present.
A present by Jane.
7. They speak English here.
English here.
8. My friend sent me a letter.
I a letter by my friend.

2. Completa las frases con los tiempos verbales según sean activas o pasivas:
1. He (sell) cars for a living.
2. The blue car (sell) yesterday.
3. In summer, more ice-cream (eat) than in winter.
4. Jamie (call) his grandma every Sunday.
5. He (take) this medicine since 2010.
6. Last Monday, Jane (take / not) to school by her
father.
7. We (go) to school by bus tomorrow.
8. In general, milk (keep) in the fridge.
Soluciones
2. 1. sells, 2. was sold, 3. is eaten, 4. calls, 5. has taken, 6. wasn’t taken, 7. ’ll go, 8. is kept.
announced, 6. has been bought, 7. is spoken, 8. was sent.
1. 1. are washed, 2. was cleaned, 3. was found, 4. can’t be washed, 5. will be
 Con trabajos, tareas, "†vঞ|†‹;-Ѵˆ;u0o
deportes: do 1†-m7ov;vo0u;;mঞ;m7;Ĺ
homework, do the do your hair (comb,
housework, do a good brush), do the dishes
job, do yoga, do judo (wash), do the exam
(complete)

om-1ঞˆb7-7;v
vbm;vr;1bC1-uĹ

DO
do something, do
nothing, do
anything

om1olb7-vķ oml-|;ub-Ѵķ
0;0b7-v1olb7-vĹ oub];m7;
make a cake, make productos: made
breakfast, make a of silver, made in
cup of tea China

-u-ruo7†1bu TEA

†m-u;-11bॕmĹmake
me happy, make
her smile, make us omrѴ-m;vķ
sleepy 7;1bvbom;vĹmake omu†b7ov‹
arrangements, make ˆ;u0ov7;_-0Ѵ-Ĺ
a decision, make a make a noise,
choice make a comment,
make a speech,
l-h;-v†]];vঞom

MAKE MAKE
make sure (asegurarse)
Usos l-h;lom;‹ (ganar dinero)
l-h;-ruoC|Őo0|;m;u0;m;C1boő
ru;Cf-7ov l-h;-Ѵovv (tener pérdidas)
make sense Ő|;m;uv;mঞ7oő
l-h;-lbv|-h; (equivocarse)
make an excuse (dar una excusa)
l-h;†rvol;0o7‹Ľvlbm7
(decidirse), etc.
DO
7o-=-ˆo†u (hacer un favor)
7o]oo7 (hacer el bien)
7o_-ul (hacer daño)
7oŒl‹ķ‹o†uķ_bvĻœ0;v|
(esforzarse), etc.
 Do y make | 67

TEA
1. Completa con make o do en el tiempo verbal correspondiente:
1. The teenagers were such a noise that the neighbour
called the police.
2. Could you the laundry today? We have no clean
clothes.
3. The teacher some very positive comments about
Susie’s work.
4. I hate the housework every day.
5. William an excuse to the teacher about why he was
late yesterday.
6. Could you me a favor?

﹝﹝
7. He a fortune by selling toys.
8. The children always their homework before watching
TV.

TEA
2. Descubre las letras que faltan para completar las expresiones con make o do:
K R E
A A U
DO
H
S T N

B S N S
A C S N
MAKE
AC C
L H

LUNCH
A CHOICE
A DECISION
BUSINESS
2.
﹝ ﹝
7. makes, 8. do.
MAKE
SOMETHING
HARM
A FAVOUR
KARATE
Soluciones

DO

1. 1. making, 2. do, 3. made, 4. doing, 5. made, 6. do,

Greatest wear llevar puesto
YorvĹ
¡qué lío de verbos!
(ropa, gafas, joyas)

|uovˆ;u0ovbm]Ѵ;v;vt†;];m;u-m1om=†vbॕmĺ He was wearing a

red shirt when
I saw him.
say decir |;ѴѴcontar (Llevaba una camisa
roja cuando lo vi.)

"-‹vol;|_bm] |;ѴѴvol;0o7‹
|ovol;0o7‹ vol;|_bm]
(decirle algo a alguien) (contarle algo a "_;-Ѵ‰-‹v1-uub;v
-0ub;=1-v;ĺ
alguien)
v-b7_;ѴѴo|o (Siempre lleva un
l‹m;b]_0o†uĺ l-Ѵ;ঠmő
|oѴ7_bl-v;1u;|ĺ
(Le dije hola a mi (Le conté un
vecino.) secreto.) Suele ir con:
Ѵb;ķv;1u;|ķ 1-uu‹llevar (en
|-Ѵ;ķv|ou‹Ļ la mano, al
hombro, a la
0ubm]traer take llevar espalda…)

!;l;l0;u|o
miss
perder (no coger, no ver,
0ubm]
$-h;‹o†u†l0u;ѴѴ- no oír, no aprovechar)
|_;7;vv;u||o
bm1-v;b|u-bmvĺ
|_;r-u|‹ĺ
(Llévate el paraguas
(No olvides Where’s my
por si llueve.)
traer el postre ‰-ѴѴ;|ĵ
r-u-Ѵ-C;v|-ĺő |_bmhĽˆ;Ѵov|b|ĺ
(¿Dónde está mi
cartera? Creo que
win earn la he perdido.)
ganar (relacionado ganar
con juegos, compe- (relacionado
ঞ1bom;v‹-Œ-uő con el trabajo) oĴĽˆ;lbvv;7
|_;0†v-]-bmĺ
(¡No! He vuelto a
‹†m1Ѵ;‰om Ѵoˆ;l‹fo0 perder el autobús.)
|_;Ѵo‚;u‹Ѵ-v| -Ѵ|_o†]_
year. 7omĽ|;-uml†1_ĺ
Őbঠo]-mॕѴ- (Me encanta mi
lotería el año trabajo aunque no Ѵov;
pasado.) gano mucho.) perder (no encontrar,
no ganar)
 ¡Qué lío de verbos! | 69

1. Completa el crucigrama con los verbos adecuados:

1 Horizontal:
2 3
4. my keys
6
7. the kids to school
4 5
10. your homework to me
7

Vertical:
8 9

1. a prize
2. the truth
10
3. the train
5. something nice
6. a pink skirt

2. Escoge el verbo que mejor encaje en cada frase:

1. She was very late and her connecting flight.
a) lost b) missed
2. She me that she loved me.
a) told b) said
3. How much money do you ?
a) win b) earn
4. He was a horrendous green tie.
a) wearing b) carrying
5. That bag looks heavy. Shall I it for you?
a) wear b) carry

Soluciones
Y

G N I R B
10

R R

A A

R Y E C
9 8

E K A T S L
7

E S E S O L
5 4

W N I E
6

I M T
3 2
2. 1. missed, 2. told, 3. earn, , 4. wearing, 5. carry. W
1
1.
 EJERCICIOS A1 Y A2

1. Corrige los errores que encuentres en estas frases en present simple:

1. Where does your sister lives?
2. How did she learned Japanese?
3. What this word means?
4. You like Spanish food?
5. When you are working?

2. Ordena las palabras para formar frases. ¡Y mira bien dónde colocas el adverbio!:
1. home. have I always breakfast at
2. she walks sometimes work. to
3. is Mary angry. never
4. Tom football every plays Wednesday.
5. usually at 8? get up she Does

3. Completa las frases con la hora:

1. I get up at (9.30) on Saturdays.
2. The train leaves at (8.15) .
3. The film starts at (17.30) . Don’t be late!
4. It’s (00.00) . Let’s get some sleep.
5. I start work at (22.00) . It’s a night shift.
6. Please, call me at (18:45) . I’ll be home.

4. Completa con the o nada:

1. Smoking cigarettes is unhealthy.
2. Balearic Islands are great all year round.
3. ‘Where are keys?’ ‘In my bag.’
4. My uncle lives in mountains.
5. Maria is allergic to chocolate.
 Ejercicios A1 y A2 | 71

5. Detecta el error que hay en cada frase y corrígelo:

1. Does it snowed last winter?
2. I waited a long time for the train, but it didn’t came.
3. Sarah didn’t spoke English in class.
4. Did you slept well last night?
5. Peter writed to me last week.

6. Completa el crucigrama con las formas de pasado de estos verbos:

1 2
Horizontal:
3. study,
8. catch,
3 4 5
10. work.

6
Vertical:
7 8
1. feel,
9
2. tell,
10
4. dance,
5. write,
6. put,
7. see,
9. drink.
7. Adjetivos y pronombres posesivos. Escoge la opción correcta:
1. She broke leg.
a. her b. hers
2. Our computer is a Mac, but is a PC.
a. your b. theirs
3. We gave telephone number.
a. our b. ours
4. My pencil is broken. Can I borrow ?
a. your b. yours
72 | Ejercicios A1 + A2

5. My car is cheap, but is expensive.

a. their b. theirs

8. ¿Contable o incontable? Escribe estos sustantivos en el grupo correspondiente:

tea, orange, sandwich, oil, lemon, coffee, butter, biscuit, sugar, tomato.

Contable Incontable

9. Completa con too many, too much o enough. Fíjate tanto en el sentido como en
el sustantivo:
1. I hate driving in London. There’s traffic.
2. There isn’t paper to print out the document.
3. There were people at the concert.
4. There is not coffee. Please make some more.
5. Do you think there are cars on the roads these days?
6. You’ve spent money on my presents. It was not necessary.

10. Ordena las palabras para formar frases de comparativo correctas:

1. as me. Harry as isn’t handsome
2. The is worse was situation we thought. than

3. sister’s My than me. shorter

4. yesterday. relaxed I’m than more Today

5. less than Rome. beautiful is Milan

 Ejercicios A1 + A2 | 73

11. Encuentra en la sopa de letras las formas de participio de diez verbos. Pueden
estar en todas direcciones y hasta del revés. Por ejemplo: driven ⇒ drive:
H B S K I M C L H E
D N B L E F T I K N
V V W F Y P D J E O
L P R T N D T C D D
L D I Q E E U I R M
A F T N N T V Y B J
C T T E M U F I Q S
F N E K N U R D G O
I S N U V U F X E L
W X K B D R W A T D

12. Completa la frase con already, yet, still y just:

1. We don’t know what to do.
2. I haven’t seen that film .
3. Has Mary signed the papers ?
4. Look, Mike has arrived!
5. They haven’t bought our Christmas presents.

13. Completa cada frase con una de las formas de futuro más adecuadas:
1. Wait! I (drive) you to the station.
2. My horoscope says that I (meet) an old friend this week.
3. Look at the sky! It (snow) very soon.
4. I don’t want to fail tomorrow’s exam. I (study) very hard!
5. We promise we (visit) you next year.

14. Completa con la forma correcta del verbo:

1. I have to remember (call) the lawyer tomorrow.
2. Where are you thinking of (go)?
3. Dad stopped (get) some eggs from the supermarket.
74 | Ejercicios A1 + A2

4. I’m looking forward to (have) more free time.

5. There’s too much noise. Can you all stop (talk), please?

15. Pasa de activa a pasiva las frases siguientes. Puedes omitir el sujeto:
1. They have arrested the suspect.
2. We’ll take a decision this week.
3. They deliver the newspaper every morning.

4. They were making the film when the actor died.

5. They produce a lot of wine in this region.

16. Completa con make o do en el tiempo verbal correspondiente:

1. Stop talking and some work!
2. Anna a delicious cake for her birthday.
3. The company photographic equipment.
4. Are you anything special tonight?
5. I usually yoga to relax.

17. Escoge el verbo que mejor encaje en cada frase:

1. Did you really that to him?
a) tell b) say
2. My favourite football team 3-0 in the semifinal.
a) lost b) missed
3. I have the lottery!
a) won b) earned
4. I need my glasses. Could you them to me, please?
a) bring b) take
5. Mr. Jones is right over there. Could you this to him?
a) bring b) take
 Ejercicios A1 + A2 | 75

Soluciones
1. 1. Where does your sister live?, 2. How did she learn Japanese?, 3. What does this
word mean?, 4. Do you like Spanish food?, 5. When are you working?
2. 1. I always have breakfast at home. 2. She sometimes walks to work. / Sometimes
she walks to work. 3. Mary is never angry. 4. Tom plays football every Wednesday. /
Every Wednesday, Tom plays football. 5. Does she usually get up at 8?
3. 1. half fast nine, 2. quarter past eight, 3. half past five, 4. midnight, 5. ten o’clock, 6. a
quarter to seven.
4. 1. —, 2. The, 3. the, 4. the, 5. —.
5. 1. Did it snow last winter?, 2. I waited a long time for the train, but it didn’t come,
3. Sarah didn’t speak English in class. 4. Did you sleep well last night? 5. Peter wrote to
me last week.
6. F T
1 2

E O
L L
3 4 5
S T U D I E D W
A R
6
N P O
7 8
S C A U G H T
A 9
D E T E
10
W O R K E D
A
N
K

7. 1. a, 2. b, 3. a, 4. b, 5. b.
8. Incontable: tea, oil, coffee, butter, sugar. Contable: orange, sandwich, lemon, biscuit,
tomato.
9. 1. too much, 2. enough, 3. too many, 4. enough, 5. too many, 6. too much.
10. 1. Harry isn’t as handsome as me, 2. The situation is worse than we thought,
3. My sister’s shorter than me, 4. Today I’m more relaxed than yesterday, 5. Milan is
less beautiful than Rome.
11. H B S K I M C L H E
D N B L E F T I K N
V V W F Y P D J E O
L P R T N D T C D D
L D I Q E E U I R M
A F T N N T V Y B J
C T T E M U F I Q S
F N E K N U R D G O
I S N U V U F X E L
W X K B D R W A T D

12. 1. still, 2. yet, 3. yet, 4. just, 5. still.

13. 1. I‘ll drive, 2. I’ll meet, 3. It’s going to snow, 4. I’m going to study, 5. will visit.
14. 1. to call, 2. going, 3. to get, 4. having, 5. talking.
15. 1. The suspect has been arrested, 2. A decision will be taken this week, 3. The
newspaper is delivered every morning, 4. The film was being made when the actor
died, 5. A lot of wine is produced in this region.
16. 1. do, 2. makes, 3. makes, 4. doing, 5. do.
17. 1. tell, 2. lost, 3. won, 4. bring, 5. take.
 HAD
BETTER
SHOULD
OUGHT
TO
Aconsejar
en inglés _-70;‚;uv†;Ѵ;-ˆbv-u
7;†m-rovb0Ѵ;
1omv;1†;m1b-m;]-ঞˆ-

v_o†Ѵ7ƳbmCmbঞˆo ought + to + -70;‚;uƳ

bmCmbঞˆo bmCmbঞˆo
She should do more
exercise. );Ľ70;‚;uѴ;-ˆ;ĺ);

+
);o†]_||o
(Ella debería hacer _-ˆ;|o];|†r;-uѴ‹
work harder to
más ejercicio.) tomorrow.
r-vv|_;;Š-l.
(Será mejor que nos
(Deberíamos
vayamos. Mañana
trabajar más para
tenemos que levan-
aprobar el examen.)
tarnos temprano.)
should + not + -70;‚;uƳmo|Ƴ
bmCmbঞˆo bmCmbঞˆo
(No suele $_;u;Ľv-l;;ঞm]bm

-
You shouldn’t eat
so many biscuits. usarse en half an hour. I’d
(No deberías comer m;]-ঞˆoő 0;‚;umo|0;Ѵ-|;ĺ
tantas galletas.) (Hay reunión dentro
de media hora. Será
mejor que no llegue
tarde.)
should + sujeto +
bmCmbঞˆo
(No suele (No suele
¿? Should I call her?
(¿Debería llamarla?)
usarse en
ru;]†m|-vő
usarse en
ru;]†m|-vő

maybe:r-u- -mĽ|‹o†vѴ;;rĵ+o† You must study l†v|Ĺ r-u-

v†-ˆbŒ-u;Ѵ should maybe drink harder if you want 1omv;fovķ
1omv;fo Ѵ;vv1o@;;ĺ |or-vvĺ(Debe- v†];u;m1b-v
(¿No puedes dormir? uझ-vņঞ;m;vt†; ‹orbmbom;v
Quizá deberías beber estudiar más si l࢙vCul;v
menos café.) quieres aprobar.)
 Aconsejar en inglés | 77

1. Relaciona las frases para aconsejar:

1. I’m very tired.
2. I have a toothache.
3. It’s raining outside.
4. There’s an exam tomorrow.
5. I’m so thirsty!
6. It’s Maria’s birthday today.
a. You should study hard.
b. You should drink something.
c. You should have a break.
d. You should buy her a present.
e. You should take an umbrella.
f. You should go to the dentist.

2. Escoge la forma correcta:

1. A: I’m very cold!
B: You your coat.
A. should take off B. should put on C. should to take off
2. My mother isn’t feeling well, so I told her that she to
the doctor.
A. ought to go B. ought C. ought go
3. It’s raining. I a raincoat.
A. had better wear B. had better not wear C. had better to wear
4. Peter loves chocolate, but he too much or he will get
fat.
A. shouldn’t eat B. should eat not C. should eat
5. I need help, doctor. My baby doesn’t sleep well. What ?
A. had I better do B. should I do C. I should do

Soluciones

2. 1. should put on, 2. ought to go, 3. had better wear, 4. shouldn’t eat, 5. should I do.
1. 1. c, 2. f, 3. e, 4. a, 5. b, 6. d.
 FORMAS DE FUTURO II
FUTURO CONTINUO FUTURO PERFECTO
Pasado Presente
Futuro
FORMA Además del futuro simple, tenemos dos FORMA
Sujeto + will be + gerundio.
Sujeto + will not be + gerundio.
Will + sujeto + be + gerundio?

USOS USOS
Acción que se estará llevando a Acción que habrá sucedido (o no)
cabo... (o no) en un momento antes de otra acción en el futuro:
;vr;1झCco del futuro.
Anna won’t have arrived before
I’ll be having dinner at 10 pm. dinner, so I’ll leave some food
(AA las 22 estaré cenando.) in the fridge.
(Anna no habrá llegado
antes de la cena, así
MILK

que le dejaré la comida

en la nevera.)

Plan o algo ya decidido.

Algo que sucederá después de un
momento en el futuro:
Next year I’ll be
studying Medicine. Next month, I’ll have lived in Australia
(El año que viene estaré for 2 years.
estudiando Medicina.) (El mes que viene habré vivido en
Australia 2 años.)
Suele ir
Expresión
muy usada: acompañado
de IN y BY
THIS TIME NEXT WEEK/MONTH/YEAR

In three days, I’ll have worked in this

around Italy. company for 15 years.
(La próxima semana a estas horas estaré Dentro de tres días habré trabajado
viajando por Italia.) en esta empresa 15 años.)
The decorators will hav;Cmbv_;7
by Tuesday.
(Para el martes, habrán terminado de
pintar.)
 Formas de futuro II | 79

1. Completa con el futuro continuo:

1. This time next week he (fly) to Buenos Aires.

2. At 6 o’clock on Friday they (sing) their new song.

3. It (rain/probably) when I reach London.

4. Peter (watch) TV when I arrive tonight.

5. She (sleep) when you telephone her.

2. Completa con el futuro perfecto:

1. We (go) home by next week.
2. She (return) from the school trip by 6 o’clock.
3. (buy / he) the new car by February?
4. The sun (not / rise) by 4 o’clock.
5. (you / do) the shopping by 3 o’clock?

Soluciones

have risen, 5. will you have done.

2.1. will have gone home, 2. will have returned, 3. will he have bought, 4. will not
5. will be sleeping.
1.1. will be flying, 2. will be singing, 3. will probably be raining, 4. will be watching,
 Equivalente al español
«¿no?» o «¿verdad?», etc.
t†;-ो-7blov-ѴCm-Ѵ7;
algunas frases para buscar
1omCul-1bॕmĺ

QUESTION Tom isn’t

hungry, is he?
TAGS Ő$olmoঞ;m;
hambre,
¿verdad?)
to be: el propio verbo pronombre
resto de verbos: el auxiliar + sujeto
She wants a
dog, doesn’t
she?
(Quiere un
u-v;-Cul-ঞˆ-Ĺt†;vঞom|-]m;]-ঞˆ- perro, ¿no?)
u-v;m;]-ঞˆ-Ĺt†;vঞom|-]-Cul-ঞˆ-

FRASE QUESTION TAG FRASE QUESTION TAG

+ - -
I’m not a
+
I’m in this class, aren’t I? am I?
To be-presente great dancer,
Estoy en esta clase, ¿verdad? No soy un gran bailarín, ¿no?

To be-pasado ;‰-vঞu;7ķ wasn’t he? She wasn’t busy, was she?

Estaba cansado, ¿no?
Present simple They work hard, don’t they?
Trabajan mucho, ¿no?
You bought a car, didn’t you?
Past simple Compraste un coche, ¿no?
Ella no estaba ocupada, ¿verdad?
She doesn’t
speak French, does she?
Ella no habla francés, ¿verdad?
She didn’t see me, did she?
Ella no me vio, ¿verdad?

Present perfect He’s gone to Italy, hasn’t he? She hasn’t come, has she?
Se ha ido a Italia, ¿verdad? Ella no ha venido, ¿no?

Future “will” It’ll be fun, won’t it? It won’t rain will it?
";u࢙7bˆ;uঞ7oķѿˆ;u7-7ĵ No lloverá, ¿no?

Put the dishes Take out the Give me

on the table, rubbish, a hand,
IMPERATIVAS will you? would you? can you?

+ WILL + WOULD + CAN

 Question tags | 81

1. Relaciona la frase con su question tag:

1 You will help me, A didn’t he?
2 He believes you, B will you?
3 The teacher should explain the exercise, C can’t you?
4 The boy didn’t do the homework, D doesn’t he?
5 Tim called you, E won’t you?
6 You can speak French well, F did he?
7 You won’t tell him, G shouldn’t he?

2. Completa la frase con el tag adecuado:

1. You like this film, ?
2. Your brother isn’t married, ?
3. Laura doesn’t sing very well, ?
4. They don’t have a very big house, ?
5. You’ll see Jim tomorrow, ?
6. You’ve seen this film already, ?
7. This was an easy exercise, ?

Soluciones

7. wasn’t it?
2. 1. don’t you?, 2. is he?, 3. does she?, 4 do they?, 5. won’t you?, 6. haven’t you?,
1. 1 E, 2 D, 3 G, 4 F, 5 A, 6 C, 7 B.
 ESTAR DE
so ACUERDO NEITHER
TAMBIÉN TAMPOCO
NEITHER + Auxiliar +
SO + Auxiliar + Sujeto Sujeto
-I am Spanish. -I love pizza. -She isn’t single. -I didn’t work
(Soy español.) (Me encanta la pizza.) (No es soltera.) yesterday.
-So am I. -So do I. -Neither am I. (Ayer no trabajé.)
(Yo también.) (A mí también.) (Yo tampoco.) -Neither did I.
(Yo tampoco.)
Con «to be»: Con los demás: el
el propio auxiliar (do, did, respuesta ('neither' ya implica
verbo have...) negación)
conjugado

I like jazz. (Me gusta el jazz.) So do I. (A mi también.)

Present simple I don’t like techno. (No me Neither does she.
gusta el tecno.) (A mi tampoco).

I went to the circus. So did Anna.

(Fui al circo.) (Anna también.)
Past simple I didn’t go to the beach. Neither did I.
(No fui a la playa.) (Yo tampoco.)

I’v;v;;m|_;CѴl|‰bce.
So have I. (Yo también.)
(He visto la película dos veces.)
Present perfect Neither has Paul.
I haven’t read that book.
(Paul tampoco.)
(No he leído ese libro.)
I can speak German.
So can I. (Yo también.)
(Sé hablar alemán.)
Can Neither can I.
I can’t speak Italian.
(Yo tampoco.)
(No sé hablar italiano.)

¡Ojo! El orden es muy importante.

I want a co@ee. So I do - So do I.
 Estar de acuerdo | 83

1. Completa las respuestas con el auxiliar adecuado:

1. I love dogs. So I.
2. Jim doesn’t like cats. Neither Tara.
3. I didn’t eat pasta. Neither I.
4. I can’t go to the party. Neither we.
5. I’ve been to Paris. So my parents.
6. I saw Peter yesterday. So I.
7. Paula was born here. So Gina.
8. He hasn’t bought anything. Neither they.

2. Responde para estar de acuerdo con cada frase:

1. She lives near the school.
2. We can speak French.
3. I haven’t been to Mexico.
4. They aren’t interested in this.
5. I’m waiting for a phone call.
6. She hasn’t seen that movie.
7. They didn’t want a pizza.
8. Paula was having tea.

Soluciones

have I. 7. Neither did I, 8. So was I.

2. 1. So do I, 2. So can I, 3. Neither have I, 4. Neither am I. 5. So am I. 6. Neither
parents, 6. So did I, 7. So was Gina, 8. Neither has they.
1. 1. So do I, 2. Neither does Tara, 3. Neither did I, 4. Neither can we, 5. So have my
 ESTAR
EN DESACUERDO
O EXPRESAR LA
DIFERENCIA

SUJETO + AUXILIAR
AFIRMATIVO/NEGATIVO
Como en el caso de las si la frase es

I like jazz. I don’t.

(Me gusta el jazz.) (Pues a mí no.)
Present simple I don’t like techno. She does.
(No me gusta el tecno.) (A ella sí.)

I went to the circus. I didn’t.

(Fui al circo.) (Yo no.)
Past simple I didn’t go to the beach. I did.
(No fui a la playa.) (Pues yo sí.)

I’ve seen|_;CѴl|‰bce. I haven’t.

(He visto la película tres (Yo no la
Present perfect veces.) he visto.)
I haven’t read that book. P-†Ѵhas.
(No he leído ese libro.) (Paul sí.)

I can speak G;ul-mĺ I can’t.

(Sé hablar Alemán.) (Yo no.)
Can I can’t speak I|-Ѵb-mĺ I can.
(No sé hablar italiano.) (Yo sí.)

¡Ojo!
una opinión puedes usar el verbo 'to agree':

I don’t agree. / Es “I agree”

I agree. y no
I disagree.
(Estoy
y de acuerdo.) (No estoyy de acuerdo.) “I’m agree”.
 Estar en desacuerdo o expresar la diferencia | 85

1. Relaciona las frases y complétalas para estar en desacuerdo:

1. I can play the piano very well. A. I _________. I’m very shy.

2. I have never met a B. Well, I _________. I need to

film star. have some fun.
3. I often find it easy to make C. I _________. Planes are much
friends. faster!
4. She’s not going to D. I _________. Two years ago I
the party. went to L.A. and came upon
Brad Pitt.
5. I think trains are the best way E. Her brother _________. He’s
to travel. failed the last test.
6. My dad can’t cook. F. I _________. I’m really bad at
music.
7. Jane is very good at Maths. G. Mine _________. Why don’t
we have a party at home?
8. My parents aren’t going away H. Mine _________, and he
this weekend. loves preparing meals for the
whole family.

Soluciones

brother isn’t, 8. G. Mine are.

1. 1. F. I can’t, 2. D. I have, 3. A. I don’t, 4. B. I am, 5. C. I don’t, 6. H. Mine can, 7. E. Her
 EL PRESENTE PERFECTO CONTINUO

Usos
Acciones que 11bom;vu;r;ঞ7-vķ 11bom;v1omঞm†-v
empezaron en el sobre todo con que acaban de terminar,
pasado y siguen en el ;Šru;vbom;v7;ঞ;lroĹ pero cuyo resultado
presente: aún se ve:
How long have you All day, recently…
Your eyes are red. Have
been feeling ill? you been crying?
(¿Cuánto hace que te It’s been raining all day.
(Lleva lloviendo todo (Tienes los ojos rojos.
encuentras mal?)
el día.) ¿Has estado llorando?)
Acompañado de:
How long...?
For, since,
All day, all evening, etc. Forma

Sujeto have
has been -ing Sujetohaven’t
hasn’t been -ing have Sujeto been
has -ing
I I I
You have You Have You
We been cooking We haven’t been cooking We been cooking
They They They

He He He
She has been working She hasn’t been working Has She been working
It It It

¿Cuándo usar el present perfect simple y el1omঞm†o†v?

Para acciones inacabadas: Para hacer Para hacer hincapié

u;v;m|r;u=;1|1omঞm†o†v hincapié en lo en la duración (de
con verbos de acción: terminado: una acción acabada
o no):
She’s been having cooking Present perfect
lessons for two years. simple: Present perfect
(Hace dos años que va a 1omঞm†o†vĹ
clases de cocina.) We have painted
the kitchen. I have been reading
Present perfect simple (Hemos pintado -ˆ;u‹bm|;u;vঞm]
con verbos de estado: la cocina.) book.
(He estado leyendo
They’ve had the same car for un libro muy
ages. interesante.)
Ő-1;l†1_oঞ;lrot†;
ঞ;m;m;Ѵlbvlo1o1_;ĺő
 El presente perfecto continuo | 87

1. Ordena las palabras para formar frases con el present perfect continuous:
1. morning / I / been / have / cleaning / all

2. lately / water / more / he / been / drinking / has

3. She / recently / has / working / been / hard / too

4. been / lake / have / in / the / my / swimming / cousins

5. o’clock / my / has / since / sister / working / on / her / been /

essay / two

2. Completa con el present perfect simple o continuous:

1. Sorry about the mess! I (cook).
2. The children (be) on holiday for six days.
3. I (do) my homework for three hours!
4. (you / finish) your homework yet?
5. We (miss) the bus twice this week.
6. I (practise) the piano for one hour.
7. How long (she / be) a teacher?
8. The dog (bark) since midnight.

Soluciones

5. have missed, 6. have been practising, 7. has she been, 8. has been barking.
2. 1. have been cooking, 2. have been, 3. have been doing, 4. Have you finished,
the lake, 5. My sister has been working on her essay since two o’clock.
3. She has been working too hard recently, 4. My cousins have been swimming in
1. 1. I have been cleaning all morning, 2. He has been drinking more water lately,
1
FOR DURING SINCE
Respuesta a la
pregunta: Respuesta a la Respuesta a la
«¿durante cuánto pregunta: pregunta:
ঞ;lroĵŅĺ ńѿ1†࢙m7oĵŅĺ ńѿ7;v7;1†࢙m7oĵŅĺ

omr;ubo7ov7;ঞ;lro omr;ubo7ov7;ঞ;lro I’ve known Anna

;vr;1झC1ovĹ l࢙v];m;u-Ѵ;vĹ since 1999.
one hour three days morning her childhood ŐomoŒ1o-mm-
one week six months my holidays summer 7;v7;ƐƖƖƖĺő

We played tennis together

Anna worked nonstop for
three hours. during our holidays.
Őmm-|u-0-fॕvbmr-u-u|u;v Ő†]࢙0-lov-Ѵ|;mbvf†m|ov
_ou-vo7†u-m|;|u;v_ou-vĺő 7†u-m|;Ѵ-vˆ-1-1bom;vĺő

2 1 PAST SIMPLE ¡OJO AL DATO!

Ѵঞ;lroˆ;u0-Ѵr†;7;7;|;ulbm-u;Ѵvb]mbC1-7o7; for:

-I worked in Milan for three years.

Ő$u-0-f࣐;mbѴ࢙m|u;v-ोovo7†u-m|;
cuando respondemos |u;v-ोovĺ+-mo|u-0-fo-ѴѴझĺő
-I’ve worked in Milan for three years.
a la pregunta
ŐѴ;ˆo|u-0-f-m7o;mbѴ࢙m|u;v-ोovĺő
«¿cuánto hace
t†;ĻĵŅĺ 2 PRESENT PERFECT
For y sincevom7ovr-uঠ1†Ѵ-vঠrb1-v
I’ve worked here 7;Ѵru;v;m|r;u=;1|‹;v=࢙1bѴ1om=†m7buv;ĺ
for Cˆ;‹;-uvĺ
Ő$u-0-fo-t†झ7;v7; Ŋ ouƳr;ubo7ov7;ঞ;lro(two days, three
_-1;1bm1o-ोovĺő months, four years…)
Ľˆ;Ѵbˆ;7bm-u1;Ѵom-=ouCˆ;‹;-uvĺ
Ő(bˆo;m-u1;Ѵom-7;v7;_-1;1bm1o-ोovĺő

Ŋ"bm1;Ƴlol;m|ovo=;1_-v;Š-1|-v
(last Monday, April, 1982…)
I’ve lived in Barcelona since 2011.
Ő(bˆo;m-u1;Ѵom-7;v7;ƑƏƐƐĺő
 For-during-since | 89

1. Completa con for, during o since:

1. I’ve been studying English 4 years.
2. I’ve been studying Japanese 2009.
3. I slept the film.
4. I slept 7 hours last night.
5. I’ve known Sarah last September.
6. I’ve known Sarah a long time.
7. I saw 3 films the flight to Poland.
8. I haven’t seen Andrew yesterday.

2. Coloca estas expresiones según se usen con for (desde) o since (desde hace):
the 24th of May / yesterday / two weeks / I was at university /
my friend’s party / a year / last Tuesday / two and a half hours /
ages / three weeks / five minutes / 1998

for since

Soluciones

Tuesday / 1998
Since: the 24th of May / yesterday / I was at university / my friend’s party / last
For: two weeks / a year / two and a half hours / ages / three weeks / five minutes
2.
1. 1. for, 2. since, 3. during, 4. for, 5. since, 6. for, 7. during, 8. since.
 -ed

ѸĴ mbm]Ѵ࣐vvb;lru;ঞ;m;m
-ing
vb]mbC1-7ov7bvঞm|ovĺ

-ed -ing
2x3=
Expresa el efecto; ƐƖĹƑƷ Expresa la causa
4+2=
cómo algo/alguien o1-u-1|;uझvঞ1-
mov_-1;v;mঞuĺ de algo/alguien.

This Maths exercise is confusing. I am confused.

TRADUCCIÓN AL ESPAÑOL:
ovr-Ѵ-0u-v7bvঞm|-vĹ

I am interested This book is

in this book. bm|;u;vঞm]ĺ
(Estoy interesado (Este libro es
en este libro.) interesante.)

-lbvl-r-Ѵ-0u-Ĺ

I am bored. There’s This book is

nothing to do. very boring.
(Estoy aburrido. No (Este libro es
hay nada que hacer.) muy aburrido.)
 Adjetivos con doble terminación | 91

1. Encuentra los diez adjetivos con terminación –ing. Pueden estar en diagonal y
hasta del revés:
H J L G N I Y R R O W L A E S
V K Z L G Q O C V W C J T G A
N G T A P T V U N E Q J H M A
X N S H O C K I N G V D Z L K
G I R H G N I Y F S I T A S E
N S S P W F E G Y C D R N R F
I S R T A C X A M G O L M J U
Z A E R E X H A U S T I N G G
A R X U F L D D Z B Y E I N F
M R H P F R I G H T E N I N G
A A D G V I N A A D X V L M S
A B R E L A X I N G O O K E Z
Q M T J O J Y I G M M I L Q I
A E X K S E C I J R R P Z Z V
J J Y O G N I T S U G S I D Z

2. Escoge el mejor adjetivo para cada frase:

1. I’m very in music and theatre.
a. interested b. interesting
2. It was a very situation.
a. interested b. interesting
3. I had a bath before I went to bed.
a. relaxed b. relaxing
4. Dad always arrives home from work completely .
a. exhausted b. exhausting
5. He’s such a man. He only talks about himself.
a. bored b. boring
Soluciones
Z D I S G U S T I N G O Y J J
V Z Z P R R J I C E S K X E A
I Q L I M M G I Y J O J T M Q
Z E K O O G N I X A L E R B A
S M L V X D A A N I V G D A A
G N I N E T H G I R F P H R M
F N I E Y B Z D D L F U X R A
G G N I T S U A H X E R E A Z
U J M L O G M A X C A T R S I
F R N R D C Y G E F W P S S N
E S A T I S F Y I N G H R I G
K L Z D V G N I K C O H S N X
A M H J Q E N U V T P A T G N
A G T J C W V C O Q G L Z K V
2. 1. a, 2. b, 3. b, 4. a, 5. b. S E A L W O R R Y I N G L J H 1.
 Condición posible y
Verdades universales o resultado probable.
hechos seguros.
If + presente simple,
If + presente simple, ‰bѴѴņ‰omĽ|ƳbmCmbঞˆo
presente simple
If it rains, we will stay at
If you heat water to 100 degrees, home.
it boils. (Si llueve nos quedare-
(Si calientas el agua a 100 ºC, hierve.) mos en casa.)

=Ƴru;v;m|;vblrѴ;ķblr;u-ঞˆo
If you feel ঞu;7ķ drink a
1†ro=1o@;;ĺ
(Si estás cansado, tómate
un café.)
Condicional Primer
cero condicional
CONDICIONAL
Segundo Tercer
condicional condicional
om7b1bॕm_bro|࣐ঞ1-‹ Condición no real del pasado y
resultado probable. resultado probable en el pasado.
Ella no estaba ocupada, ¿verdad?
If + pasado simple, would/ If + pasado perfecto, would/
‰o†Ѵ7mĽ|ƳbmCmbঞˆo ‰o†Ѵ7mĽ|_-ˆ;Ƴr-uঞ1brbo

If I were rich, I would buy a big house. If I had seen Peter, I would have told
(Si fuera rico me compraría una him the news.
casa grande.) (Si hubiera visto a Peter, le habría
1om|-7oѴ-moঞ1b-ĺő

El orden de los om1om7b1bom;vm;]-ঞˆ-v

factores no altera el podemos usar unless:
producto:
You won’t pass if you don’t study.
If it snows, we’ll make a You won’t pass unless you study.
snowman. (No aprobarás a menos que
We’ll make a snowman if it estudies.)
snows.
 Condicional | 93

1. Relaciona las dos partes de una misma frase condicional:

1. If I won the lottery, A. I would buy a sports car.
2. If you sit in the sun too long, B. f I have a coffee after 6 pm.
3. If I were you, C. you get burned.
4. I won’t buy you an ice cream, D. if she had studied harder.
5. I can’t sleep E. unless you eat all your
lunch.
6. She would have got good grades F. I wouldn’t go out tonight.
You have exams tomorrow.

2. Completa con la forma correcta del verbo entre paréntesis:

1. If money (grow) on trees, we’d all be rich!
2. If he (like) tomatoes, he would eat this salad.
3. If he (talk) quietly, they will not hear him.
4. If I had had nothing to do, I (come) to the party.
5. If you (have) a bath, there will be no hot water left.
6. If I had more free time, I (tidy) my room.

Soluciones

2. 1. grew, 2. liked, 3. talks, 4. would have come, 5. have, 6. would tidy,

1. 1. A, 2. C, 3. F, 4. E, 5. B, 6. D
EL ESTILO INDIRECTO O REPORTED SPEECH
Para citar lo que alguien ha dicho. ѸfoĴovঞ;lrov
ˆ;u0-Ѵ;v1-l0b-m

PRESENTE SIMPLE.
u;v;m|vblrѴ;ĺLorem ipsum
Ѵbh;1_brvĺ

PRETÉRITO SIMPLE. ;v-b7_;Ѵbh;71_brvĺ

"blrѴ;r-v|ĺ

PRESENTE CONTINUO. Ľlu;-7bm]ĺ

u;v;m|1omঞmo†vĺ
PRETÉRITO CONTINUO. ;v-b7_;‰-vu;-7bm]ĺ
-v|1omঞmo†vĺ

PRETÉRITO SIMPLE O COMPUESTO. l-7;-1-h;ĺ

"blrѴ;r-v|oru;v;m|r;u=;1|ĺ _-ˆ;l-7;-1-h;ĺ
PLUSCUAMPERFECTO. ;v-b7_;_-7l-7;-
-v|r;u=;1|ĺ 1-h;ĺ

FUTURO SIMPLE. ‰bѴѴu;-7ĺ

"blrѴ;=†|†u;ĺ
CONDICIONAL SIMPLE. ;v-b7_;‰o†Ѵ7u;-7ĺ
"blrѴ;1om7bঞom-Ѵĺ

FUTURO COMPUESTO. ‰bѴѴ_-ˆ;vѴ;r|ĺ

†|†u;r;u=;1|ĺ
CONDICIONAL COMPUESTO.
om7bঞom-Ѵr;u=;1|ĺ ;v-b7_;‰o†Ѵ7_-ˆ;vѴ;r|ĺ

ˆ;1;v|-l0b࣐m1-l0b-mѴ-v;Šru;vbom;v7;ঞ;lro‹Ѵ†]-u

DIRECT Ѵ-v| m;Š|

|o7-‹ mo‰ |omb]_| Ѵ-v| ‹;v|;u7-‹ ĺĺĺ-]o ‰;;h ‹;-u |olouuo‰ _;u; |_bv |_;v;
SPEECH

INDIRECT
|_-| |_;m |_-| |_;ĺĺ |_;7-‹ ĺĺĺ0;=ou; |_; |_; |_; |_;u; |_-| |_ov;
SPEECH 7-‹ mb]_| 0;=ou; 0;=ou; ‰;;h =oѴѴo‰bm] m;Š|
|_; 0;=ou; ‹;-u 7-‹ņ|_;
ru;ˆbo†vĺĺĺ =oѴѴo‰bm]
7-‹
 El estilo indirecto o reported speech | 95

1. Encuentra las parejas de expresiones o tiempos verbales que cambian al pasar

de estilo directo a indirecto:
Estilo directo Estilo indirecto
1. Present simple a. Past perfect
2. Present continuous b. Past simple
3. ‘last night’ c. Past perfect
4. Past simple d. Past continuous
5. ‘will’ e. ‘could’
6. ‘can’ f. ‘the next day’
7. ‘tomorrow’ g. ‘would’
8. Present perfect h. ‘the night before’

2. Escribe en estilo indirecto:

1. “He works in a bank”
She said
2. “We went out last night”
She told me
3. “I’m coming!”
She said
4. “I was waiting for the bus when he arrived”
Paul told me
5. I’d never been there before”
She said
6. Lucy will come later”
Amanda said
Soluciones

later.
he arrived, 5. (that) she had never been there before, 6. (that) Lucy would come
night before), 3. (that) she was coming, 4. (that) she was waiting for the bus when
2. 1. (that) he worked in a bank, 2. (that) they went (had gone) out last night (the
1. 1. b, 2.d, 3. h, 4. a/c, 5. g, 6. e, 7. f, 8. a/c.
 SO Para demostrar
admiración o
SUCH hablar de un
hecho extremo.

WHAT A Equivalen a
nuestros: tan,
tanto/a o qué.

SO SUCH WHAT A
"oƳ-7f;ঞˆo Such + a + Such + What + a +
ņ-7ˆ;u0bo -7f;ঞˆoƳ -7f;ঞˆoƳ -7f;ঞˆoƳ
He’s so clever! v†v|-mঞˆo v†v|-mঞˆo v†v|-mঞˆo
(¡Es tan listo!) vbm]†Ѵ-u plural vbm]†Ѵ-u
This is such a I have such What a wonderful
ru;‚‹7u;vv! great friends! world!
ŐѸ †࣐ˆ;vঞ7o (¡Qué amigos
tan bonito!) (¡Qué mundo tan
tan increíbles maravilloso!)
tengo!)
"oƳ1†-mঞC1-7ou
(many, much, few,
Ѵb‚Ѵ;őƳv†v|-mঞˆo
Paula has so
l-m‹ friends!
ŐѸ-†Ѵ-ঞ;m;
tantos amigos!)
What +
Such + a + Such + -7f;ঞˆoƳ
-7f;ঞˆoƳ -7f;ঞˆoƳ v†v|-mঞˆo
v†v|-mঞˆo v†v|-mঞˆo plural
vbm]†Ѵ-uƳ|_-| plural + that
)_-|0;-†ঞ=†Ѵ
"oƳ-7f;ঞˆoƳ He was such a She has such ;‹;v‹o†_-ˆ;Ĵ
that generous man big feet that
that he invited v_;_-v|o0†‹ (¡Qué ojos más
The music was so everyone. vr;1b-Ѵv_o;vĺ 0omb|ovঞ;m;vĴő
loud that I didn’t
hear the phone. (Era un (Tiene los pies
hombre tan tan grandes
(La música estaba generoso que t†;ঞ;m;t†;
tan alta que no oí invitaba a comprarse
el teléfono.) todo el zapatos
mundo.) especiales.)
 So, such, what a | 97

1. Escoge la opción correcta:

1. You’re great friend.
a. so b. such c. such a
2. She’s good at Physics that she could go to the
university he wanted.
a. so b. such c. such a
3. You’re good artist. Can I buy one of your portraits?
a. so b. such c. such a
4. Your cousin is beautiful that everybody stares at her.
a. so b. such c. such a
5. We are great team!
a. so b. such c. such a
6. The exam was hard that I couldn’t finish it.
a. so b. such c. such a
7. They’re good musicians that they are going to record
an album.
a. so b. such c. such a
8. Russia is big country.
a. so b. such c. such a

2. Completa con what, what a o what an:

1. sweet rose! 6. lovely violets!
2. friendly people! 7. beautiful lily!
3. interesting book! 8. big dog!
4. serious boys! 9. fine daisies!
5. angry woman! 10. funny joke!

Soluciones

6.What, 7.What a, 8.What a, 9.What, 10.What a.

2. Completa con what, what a o what an: 1.What a, 2.What, 3.What an, 4.What, 5.What an,
1. Escoge la opción correcta: 1. c, 2. a, 3. c, 4. a, 5. c, 6. a, 7. b, 8. c.
 AS
SUCH
LIKE AS
vķѴbh;‹v†1_-vv†;Ѵ;m|u-7†1buv;rouľ1oloĿ;m;vr-ोoѴ

"Ƴv†v|-mঞˆo  Ƴv†v|-mঞˆoņ "&"Ƴ

=†m1bॕmņ|u-0-fo
As your father, I feel you
v_o†Ѵ71omঞm†;
studying.
(Como tu padre, creo
que deberías seguir
estudiando.)
(Soy tu padre.)
ruomol0u;Ƴˆ;u0o
];u†m7bo
vblbѴb|†7
Like your father, I am losing
my hair.
(Como/Igual que tu padre,
me estoy quedando calvo.)
(Pero no soy tu padre.)
v†v|-mঞˆo
r-u-7-u;f;lrѴo
She enjoys team sports,
like / such as basketball.
(Le gustan los deportes
de equipo, como por
ejemplo el básquet.)

She works as a nurse.

(Trabaja de enfermera.)
(Es su trabajo de verdad.)
Walking on this desert is
like being on Mars.
(Caminar por este desierto
es como estar en Marte.)
(Pero no lo estás.)

Like/As I said before, you

"ņ Ƴ=u-v; should come to the party.
Őv†f;|o‹ˆ;u0oő (Como he dicho antes,
7;0;uझ-vˆ;mbu-Ѵ-C;v|-ĺő

It looks like it is En textos The hero feels like he is

going to rain. formales y con the most powerful man.
It looks as if it verbos de The hero feels as if he is
is going to rain. percepción mejor the most powerful.
(Parece que va a llover.) cambiar “like” (El héroe se siente el
por “if” hombre más poderoso
de todos.)
 As, like, such as | 99
Y recuerda que how se traduce por «cómo», pero se usa
para hacer preguntas (How is your grandma? ⇒ ¿Cómo está tu
abuela?) y no para indicar similitud ni para dar ejemplos.

1. Completa con as o like:

1. It looks if it’s going to rain.
2. It looks it’s going to rain.
3. Are you afraid of storms, me?
4. a teacher I like him very much.
5. our friends, we go to bed very late.
6. He is only 12, but he speaks an adult.
7. He is very good a goalkeeper.
8. We spend all our weekends in the country, they do.

2. Escoge la opción adecuada:

1. He enjoys dangerous sports, skydiving.
a. as b. such c. like
2. She swims a fish.
a. how b. like c. how
3. I promised, I’m here.
a. as b. such as c. how
4. She uses her house an office.
a. as b. like c. such as
5. He works a production manager.
a. as b. such as c. like

Soluciones

2. 1. like, 2. like, 3. as, 4. as, 5. as.

1. 1. as, 2. like, 3. like, 4. as, 5. like, 6. like, 7. as, 8. like.
 TAMBIÉN

TOO
ALSO AS
WELL

entre sujeto -ѴCm-Ѵ7; al inicio de

y verbo la frase la frase

I went to the beach I went to the park I went to the

and I also went to and I went to the beach. Also, I
the market. market also. went to the

ALSO ¡Excepción! Detrás (sobre todo por

market.

del verbo to be: escrito) (podemos

I am also Canadian. traducirlo por
«además»)

I, too, was I want some cake

surprised with and a couple of
the news. biscuits too.

(más formal y Con respuestas

TOO entre comas) cortas:
-I like rice. -Me too.

I wanted a As well as buying

cheese sandwich the newspaper, he
and she wanted also bought some
AS one as well. bread.

WELL (podemos
traducirlo por
«además»)
 También: also, too, as well | 101

1. Completa con also, too y as well:

1. I am in a fantastic Art History class at university. Sarah is in the
class .
2. Frank didn’t like the flat. He didn’t like its location.
3. Sarah has been living in Italy for five years. She has
been taking night classes, so she speaks Italian very well.
4. Sam has a guidebook and a map. He has brought a compass
, so we won’t get lost.
5. ‘I loved the film!’ ‘Me .’

2. Escoge la mejor opción. Si ambas son válidas, marca “both”:

1. Do you like classical music?
a) too b) also c) BOTH
2. He is a vegetarian, and his mother is .
a) as well b) too c) BOTH
3. He is a good student.
a) as well b) also c) BOTH
4. , make sure you buy some chips.
a) Also b) too c) BOTH
5. I would like to go .
a) too b) also c) BOTH
6. Does your sister smoke?
a) also b) as well c) BOTH

Soluciones

2. 1. b, 2. c, 3. b, 4. a, 5. c, 6. a.
1. 1. too; as well, 2. also, 3. also. 4. too, also, as well, 5. too.
 Pretérito pluscuamperfecto
o past perfect
USOS

Frase en past simple o Hipótesis en el pasado

Acción anterior a otra
en el pasado.
When I got home, he had
Ѵ;[ĺ (Cuando llegué, él se
había ido.)
Normalmente con expresio-
m;v1oloĹ-[;uķ-vvoom-vķ
0;=ou;ķ0‹|_;ঞl;Ļ
present perfect pasada Ő|_bu71om7bঞom-Ѵő
-;vঞѴobm7bu;1|oĺ
If I had known your
DIRECTO number, I’d have called
Did you buy that skirt? ‹o†ĺ
(¿Te compraste esa falda?) (Si hubiera sabido tu
número, te habría
INDIRECTO llamado.)
She asked me if I had
0o†]_||_-|vhbu|ĺ
(Me preguntó si me había
comprado esa falda.)

Sujeto had not r-uঞ1brbo

FORMA
I/-
you/we/ before I
they/he/ hadn’t Ѵ;[
arrived.
she/it
Sujeto had r-uঞ1brbo
Had Sujeto r-uঞ1brbo
I/-
you/we/ before I I/-
they/he/ had Ѵ;[
arrived. you/we/ before I
she/it Had they/he/ Ѵ;[
arrived.
she/it

Fíjate: en una secuencia
de acontecimientos, el
pluscuamperfecto se usa
SIEMPRE para expresar lo
que ocurre antes de otro
lol;m|o7;Ѵr-v-7oĺ
)_;m-uubˆ;7_ol;ķ_;1ooh;77bmm;uĺ
(Cuando llegué a casa, él hizo la cena. Es
decir, empezó a cocinar cuando llegué.)
)_;m-uubˆ;7_ol;ķ_;_-71ooh;77bmm;uĺ
(Cuando llegué a casa, él había hecho la cena.
Es decir, cuando yo llegué me encontré la
cena ya hecha.)
 Pretérito pluscuamperfecto o past perfect | 103

1. Empareja las frases:

1. If I had seen Sarah,
2. The boy felt guilty.
3. He was arrested
4. My mum wanted to know
5. Our flat was burgled
6. I couldn’t find that book.
7. I would have bought that car H. if I had done my homework.
8. Paula didn’t pass the test.
A. after he had escaped from
prison.
B. because we hadn’t locked the
front door.
C. if I had had enough money.
D. I would have told her the news.
F. he hadn’t studied at all.
G. He had eaten all the choco-
late cake.
I. A friend had taken it without
permission.

2. Completa las frases con el past simple o el past perfect:

1. She (realize) that she (spend) all her
money.
2. He (be) tired because he (not eat)
anything since the morning.
3. We (not recognize) her. She (cut) her hair.
4. When we (get) to the party, everybody
(start) dancing.
5. The police never (find out) where the robber
(hide) the money.
6. She (be) afraid. She (not fly) before.

Soluciones

had started, 5. found out, had hidden, 6. was, hadn’t flown.

2. 1. realized, had spent, 2. was, hadn’t eaten, 3. didn’t recognize, had cut, 4. got,
1. 1D, 2G, 3A, 4H, 5B, 6I, 7C, 8F.
 el más el menos
Adverbios acabados en -ly $_;Ѵ;-v|Ƴ-7f;ঞˆo
the most + adverbio
I’m the least easily distracted
You dance the most in the class. (Soy el que menos
0;-†ঞ=†ѴѴ‹ of the whole f࢙1bѴl;nte se distr-;7;Ѵ-1Ѵ-ve.)
group. (Eres la que mejor
baila del grupo.)
Adverbios NO acabados en -ly
b]†-Ѵt†;Ѵov-7f;ঞˆov
Who works the de superioridad:
hardest in your oLce?
(¿Quién es el que trabaja más que
más de tu oC1bma?)
Adverbios acabados en -ly
more + adverbio + than

LA COMPARACIÓN Mary speaks more

quickly than Paula
(Mary habla más deprisa
DE LOS ADVERBIOS que Paula.)

Los adverbios indican cómo se Adverbios NO acabados en -ly

realiza una acción y normalmente
b]†-Ѵt†;Ѵov-7f;ঞˆov
acaban en -ly.
John dances
Quick - quickly than Mike.
Easy - easily (John baila mejor
Dangerous - IRREGULARES: /peor que Mike.)
dangerously Good - well
Fast - fast
Hard - hard

de igualdad:
de in=erioridad:
igual de… que, menos que
tan… como
less + adverbio + than
as + adverbio + as She writes less care=†ѴѴy than her
brother. (EѴѴ-;v1ub0;1on menos esmero
Mark works as quickly as que su hermano.)
John. (Mark trabaja tan rápido
1omo John.)
 La comparación de los adverbios | 105

1. Encuentra el adverbio de los adjetivos siguientes: bad, careful, definite, fast,

helpful, polite, possible, probable, reasonable, terrible. ¡Fíjate bien en cómo se
escriben!:
C R P D D P O L I T E L Y Z J
G D A M Y V A U Z I X I Y K U
Z P R O B A B L Y S P L V W A
B A D L Y C A R E F U L L Y B
D N Z M E H H E L P F U L L Y
X V R E A S O N A B L Y L D U
I D E F I N I T E L Y Q Z J F
W L G P O S S I B L Y F T F A
A V Z D D T E R R I B L Y Q S
G Z E F Z K R H G C D B S A T

2. Completa las frases con la forma comparativa o superlativa de estos adjetivos

transformados en adverbios:
1. You need to study (hard) if you want to pass your
exams.
2. Could you write (clear)?
3. Claire sings as (beautiful) as Laura.
4. Our team played (bad) of all.
5. Karl is very lazy. He does his work (serious) than Pete.

Soluciones
S A T B D C G H R K Z F E Z G
Y Q S L B I R R E T D D Z V A
T F A F Y L B I S S O P G L W
than Pete.
Z J F Q Y L E T I N I F E D I
very lazy. He does his work more seriously L D U Y L B A N O S A E R V X
4. Our team played the worst of all, 5. Karl is L L Y U F P L E H H E M Z N D
clearly?, 3. Claire sings as beautifully as Laura, L Y B L U F E R A C Y L D A B
V W A L P S Y L B A B O R P Z
pass your exams, 2. Could you write more Y K U I X I Z U A V Y M A D G
2. 1.You need to study harder if you want to Y Z J L E T I L O P D D P R C 1.
 CAUSATIVE HAVE
HAVE SOMETHING DONE
Usos Para hablar de una acción o un
hecho desagradable e involuntario.
Para mandar hacer una acción que no
podemos hacer nosotros mismos. Peter had his phone
stolen last night.
I had my hair cut yesterday. (A Peter le robaron
(Me corté el pelo ayer.) el móvil anoche.)

¡Diferencia principal
con el español!

Forma
Sujeto HAVE objeto r-uঞ1brbo Auxiliar Sujeto HAVE objeto r-uঞ1brbo
She has her hair cut every
two Did she have her cut?
months. skirt
your
You had CŠ;7ĺ
camera Will you have your repaired?
I didn’t your dry last bike
have suit cleaned week.

Observa la diferencia: Get puede reemplazar

a have en contextos
Jack repaired his car. informales:
(Él lo arregló.)
Will you get your hair
Jack had his car repaired. done for the party?
(Se lo arreglaron.) (¿Te arreglarás el
r;Ѵor-u-Ѵ-C;v|-ĵő
¡El orden de los
factores es sagrado!
 Causative have | 107

1. Encuentra en esta sopa de letras ocho profesionales que pueden hacernos

trabajos en casa:
K K X W Y J F V N B J C Y B D
P C S W M K D C Q R M A I D E
A M A I B E S M E I I D C V C
I P A R C H I T E C T C J Y O
N I L A P K L Q A K J S V K R
T W Y U T E P Q Y L S B C E A
E H N W M L N U B A J B Z C T
R F S P X B Y T U Y M I R T O
C H B F Y V E K E E B E Q C R
G A R D E N E R H R T Y E P S

2. Completa con la forma correcta del causative have. ¡Atención al tiempo verbal!
1. We (the house/paint) at the moment.
2. ‘What are those workmen doing in your garden?’ ‘We
(a garage/build).’
3. This coat is dirty. I must (it/clean).
4. If you want to wear earrings, why don’t you (your
ears/pierce)?
5. ‘Why did you go to the cleaner’s?’ ‘I needed (my jacket
/clean).’
6. I lost my key. I will have to (another key/make).
7. When was the last time you (your hair/cut)?
8. (you/a newspaper/deliver) to your house every day, or
do you go out and buy one?
Soluciones
painter. S P E Y T R H R E N E D R A G
newspaper delivered. bricklayer, R C Q E B E E K E V Y F B H C
hair cut, 8. Do you have a architect, O T R I M Y U T Y B X P S F R
T C Z B J A B U N L M W N H E
have another key made, 7. had your decorator, A E C B S L Y Q P E T U Y W T
5. to have my jacket cleaned, 6. to maid, R K V S J K A Q L K P A L I N
it cleaned, 4. have your ears pierced, gardener, O Y J C T C E T I H C R A P I
plumber, C V C D I I E M S E B I A M A
2. are having our garage built, 3. have carpenter, E D I A M R Q C D K M W S C P
2. 1. are having our house painted, Jobs: D B Y C J B N V F J Y W X K K 1.
 Porque no solo de 'if' vive el hombre...

CONECTORES CONDICIONALES b=Ĺ1om7b1bॕmņbm1-v;Ĺloঞˆo

I'll buy a sandwich if I get hungry.
(Lo compraré solo si me entra hambre.)
I'll buy a sandwich in case I get hungry.
(Compraré un bocadillo por si me entra hambre.)
Podemos usar should
después de in case:
Take an umbrella in case
it should rain.
(Llévate un paraguas por si llueve.)

When puede ˆ;mb=;m=-ঞŒ-

v†vঞ|†bu-if en Ѵot†;ˆ--
IN CASE
las condiciona- pasar, pasaría o
(en el caso
Ѵ;v7;ঞroƏĹ podría haber
de que,
pasado:
If/when you heat por si)
water to 100 Even if we leave
degrees Celsius, right now, we
it boils. WHEN EVEN IF vঞѴѴ‰omŝ|1-|1_
(Si calientas el agua (cuando) (aunque) the train.
a 100 ºC hierve.) (Aunque
salgamos ahora
SO no cogeremos el
/AS LONG AS, tren.)
PROVIDING/
PROVIDED THAT
(siempre y cuando)

†;7;mu;;lrѴ-Œ-u-b=r-u-
expresar una condición.
uoˆb7;7ņruoˆb7bm]Ő|_-|ő
son formales.
You can stay here as long as
you keep quiet.
(Puedes quedarte siempre y cuando te
estés calladito.)

Provided/Providing (that) the bills are

paid, tenants will not be evicted.
(No se desahuciará a los inquilinos
siempre y cuando paguen las facturas.)
 Conectores condicionales | 109

1. Completa con unless, even if, provided y as long as:

1. We’ll get there on time we leave now.
2. I’m going home there’s anything left to do.
3. I would not eat snails I were dying of hunger.
4. You can borrow the book you give it back in a week.
5. you start studying now, you won’t get the grades you
need.
6. You mustn’t call her it’s an emergency.

2. Escoge la opción más adecuada de las que hemos visto hasta ahora:
1. I get more experience, I can probably find a better job.
a. unless b. even if c. providing that
2. Leave home early there is too much traffic.
a. even if b. as long as c. in case
3. The child can come in she doesn’t touch anything.
a. unless b. as long as c. when
4. Take a sweater it is cold outside.
a. even if b. as long as c. in case
5. Everybody will trust you you keep your promise.
a. providing that b. unless c. even if
6. You cannot leave school you get permission from the
teacher.
a. providing b. unless c. if

Soluciones

2. 1. c, 2. c, 3. b, 4. c, 5. a, 6. b.
5. even if, 6. unless.
1. 1. provided/as long as, 2. unless, 3. even if, 4. provided/as long as,
 Preguntas directas Preguntas indirectas
-Are you married? -She asked him if he was married.
¿Estás casado? Ella le preguntó si estaba casado.
-Did she phone? -He asked me whether she had phoned.
¿Llamó? Me preguntó si había llamado.
-What’s your name? -I asked her what her name was.
¿Cómo te llamas? Le pregunté cómo se llamaba.
-Where do you work? -They asked me where I worked.
¿Dónde trabajas? Me preguntaron dónde trabajaba.

1 Ѵঞ;lroˆ;u0-Ѵ1-l0b-b]†-Ѵt†;;mѴ-v=u-v;v7;;vঞѴo
bm7bu;1|oĺ

2 ";1-l0b-;Ѵou7;m7;Ѵov;Ѵ;l;m|ovŐv†f;|oƳˆ;u0oő‹
ru;v1bm7blov7;-†ŠbѴb-u;vĺ

&m-ru;]†m|-bm7bu;1|-r†;7;;v|-u7;m|uo7;o|u-ru;]†m|-Ĺ

3 Where’s the castle? Can you tell me where the castle is?
ѿ ॕm7;;v|࢙;Ѵ1-vঞѴѴoĵѿo7uझ-7;1bul;7ॕm7;;v|࢙;Ѵ1-vঞѴѴoĵ
(La pregunta principal es ‘Can you tell me?’)

4 "bѴ-ru;]†m|-;lrb;Œ-1omruomol0u;
bm|;uuo]-ঞˆo(when, what, why),;v|;v;u;rb|;ĺ

5 Si la pregunta no empieza con pronombre

bm|;uuo]-ঞˆoķv;-ो-7; if o whether.

Diferencias de uso de whether e if en inglés:

WHETHER/IF SOLO WHETHER SOLO IF

Preguntas Oraciones Ante un Tras Ante Preguntas
indirectas con or verbo en preposición or not indirectas
(yes, no) (opciones) bmCmbঞˆo (yes, no)
He has The
He asked I don’t know He can’t 7o†0|v t†;vঞombv If I get a
if/whether if/whether 7;1b7; about whether or fo0ķĽѴѴ0†‹
we liked cookies. _;bvubঞv_ou whether to whether not he’s a house.
Le preguntó si le American. go to the the car is going to Si encuen-
gustaban las No sé si es gym. u;r-bu;7 marry her tro trabajo,
británico o Duda de que -1†;vঞॕm compraré
galletas. No sabe si ir el coche es si se
norteamericano. al gimnasio o una casa.
esté casará con
no. reparado. ella o no.
 Pregunta en estilo indirecto | 111

1. Escribe la continuación de la pregunta en estilo indirecto:

1. ‘What’s your name?’ The police officer asked me
.
2. ‘Are you over eighteen?’ The teacher asked Amy
.
3. ‘Does she speak Greek?’ I will ask her
.
4. ‘What did he want?’ I can’t tell you
.
5. ‘What does he do at the weekend?’ She wanted to know
.
6. ‘How much is this scarf?’ Why do you want to know
?
7. ‘Who did you see at the party?’ My mum asked me
.

2. Corrige los errores de las preguntas indirectas:

1. She asked me where was my mum.
2. She asked did I spoke French.
3. Petra asked if had he finished.
4. Dad wanted to know what ate.
5. Amanda asked him how old was he.
6. Can you tell me what’s the time?

Soluciones

5. how old he was, 6. what the time is?

2. 1. where my mum was, 2. if I spoke French, 3. if he had finished, 4. what I ate,
at the party.
he wanted, 5. what he did at the weekend, 6. how much this scarf is?, 7. who I saw
1. 1. what my name was, 2. if she was over eighteen, 3. if she speaks Greek, 4. what
 Para hablar de lo Directo ‘I’ll buy you a drink.’
que otro ha dicho.
Anna said she would buy
Verbo say u otro me a drink.
m7bu;1|o (Dijo que me invitaría a
l࢙v;vr;1झC1oĺ
una copa.)

mm-o@;u;7|o0†‹l;
a drink.
(Se ofreció a invitarme a
una copa.)

bvঞm|-v1omv|u†11bom;vv;]িm;Ѵˆ;u0oĹ

-]u;; promise
Ƴ|oƳbm=bmb|bˆo o@;u refuse Őmo|ő|o7ovol;|_bm]
order |_u;-|;m

-7ˆbv; ;m1o†u-]; u;lbm7 Somebody

Ƴr;uvom-Ƴ|oƳbm=bmb|bˆo ask bmˆb|; tell Őmo|ő|o7o
1omˆbm1; persuade ‰-um vol;|_bm]

-11†v; 0Ѵ-l; bmvbv|om

vol;0o7‹o= vol;0o7‹=ou u;1oll;m7 Őmo|ő
Ƴ];u†m7boŐŊbm]ő -7lb| 1om]u-|†Ѵ-|; u;]u;| 7obm]
-roѴo]bŒ;Ő|o vol;0o7‹om u;lbm7 vol;|_bm]
vol;0o7‹ő=ou 7;m‹ v†]];v|

Ѵ]†movˆ;u0ovŐ-]u;;ķ-7lb|ķ
7;m‹ķruolbv;ķu;]u;|őr†;7;mbu
seguidos de una frase con |_-|:
"_;-7lb‚;7v|;-Ѵbm]|_;v1-u=ĺ
"_;-7lb‚;7|_-|v_;_-7v|oѴ;m|_;v1-u=ĺ
(Reconoció que había robado la bufanda.)
 Reporting structures | 113

1. Completa con el infinitivo o el gerundio:

1. My boyfriend insisted on
2. Paula accused me of
3. The dentist advised me
4. I apologized to Paul for
5. My brother denies
6. I warned my little sister
walk)
flowers. (buy)
her book without asking. (take)
eating sweets. (stop)
his birthday. (forget)
my picture. (break)
on her own at night. (not

2. Reescribe las frases con estilo indirecto usando el verbo entre paréntesis:
1. Don’t forget to call your grandma! (remind)
He .
2. I’ll call the police if you don’t leave right now. (threaten)
She .
3. Why don’t we go to the cinema? (suggest)
My mum .
4. I think you should eat more healthily. (advise)
He .
5. Pick up your clothes! (order)
My father .
6. No! I’ll bring the dessert! (insist)
She .

Soluciones

my clothes, 6. insisted on bringing the dessert.

going to the cinema, 4. advised me to eat more healthily, 5. ordered me to pick up
2. 1. reminded me to call my grandma, 2. threatened to call the police, 3. suggested
1. 1. buying, 2. taking, 3. to stop, 4. forgetting, 5. breaking, 6. not to walk.
 SOMETHING
SOMEBODY
SOMEWHERE
Ʒ-Ѵ]oķ-Ѵ]†b;mķ-Ѵ]িmvbঞo
Se usa con verbo en singular
EVERYTHING m=u-v;v-Cul-ঞˆ-v
EVERYBODY
I’ve heard something up stairs.
EVERYWHERE (He oído algo en el piso de arriba.)
= todo, todo el mundo, en
|o7ovvbঞov
Se usa con el verbo en singular.
Everything is ready for the trip.
(Todo está listo para el viaje.)

NOTHING
NOBODY
NOWHERE
Ʒm-7-ķm-7b;ķmbm]িmvbঞo
Se usa con el verbo en singular
ov;†v-1omo|uo;Ѵ;l;m|om;]-ঞˆoĺ
I have nothing more to say.
(No tengo nada más que decir.)

ANYTHING
ANYBODY
ANYWHERE
Ʒ-Ѵ]oķ-Ѵ]†b;mķ-Ѵ]িmvbঞo
Se usa con el verbo en singular.
m=u-v;vm;]-ঞˆ-v‹ru;]†m|-vmoul-Ѵl;m|;ĺ

I’m hungry. Do you have anything to eat?

(Tengo hambre. ¿Tienes algo
para comer?)
 Los indefinidos | 115

1. Escoge la opción correcta:

1. I don’t have to do today. (nothing / anything /
something)
2. I know about it! (nothing / anything / any)
3. My friend doesn’t know about her birthday party.
(nothing / anything / any)
4. Did you bring you need for the trip? (something /
everything / anything)
5. I think there is wrong with this computer. It is not
working very well. (something / everything / anything)
6. ‘How are you?’ ‘Great ’s fine.’ (something / everything /
anything)

2. Completa con el indefinido más adecuado:

1. You can choose
2. Yes, you can invite
3. I’ve looked
4. He would give
5. Paula is looking for
6. I won’t tell your secret to
from the menu.
you want to your party.
but I haven’t found my keys.
to get into Oxford.
to live.
.

Soluciones

2. 1. anything, 2. anybody, 3. everywhere, 4. anything, 5. somewhere, 6. anyone.

1. 1. anything, 2. nothing, 3. anything, 4. everything, 5. something, 6. everything.
 mbm]Ѵ࣐vѴ-=u-v;ѴѴ;ˆ-voѴo†mm;]-ঞˆoĺ
Recuerda:
NO+NO=SÍ

No Any
Nobody Anybody
Nothing Anything
Nowhere Anywhere

+verbo +verbo
AFIRMATIVO NEGATIVO
He has no friends He doesn’t have any friends
I know nobody here I don’t know anybody here
I see nothing I don’t see anything
We went nowhere We didn’t go anywhere

&mruomol0u;bm7;Cmb7o
m;]-ঞˆo;m†m-=u-v;rovbঞˆ-
Ѵ;7-l࢙v=†;uŒ-‹࣐m=-vbv-Ѵ
;m†m1b-7oĺ
 Doble negación | 117

1. Detecta el error en estas frases y escribe la palabra correcta:

1. My family doesn’t do nothing fun. nothing ⇒ anything
2. Susan didn’t go nowhere for her holidays.
3. Anybody loves me. I’m very sad.
4. Mike never shouts at nobody.
5. I don’t know nothing about mechanics.
6. The party was today? Anybody told me.
7. ‘Where are you going?’ ‘Anywhere. I’m staying right here.’

2. Cambia las frases siguientes para hacerlas más enfáticas:

1. I didn’t go anywhere last summer. I went nowhere last summer.
2. Sarah hasn’t eaten anything since yesterday.

3. Peter doesn’t know anybody in Yale.

4. He didn’t do anything wrong.

5. It’s so foggy I don’t see anything.

6. Paula hasn’t got any friends in school.

7. She didn’t tell anyone about her plans.

Soluciones

7. She told nobody about her plans.

did nothing wrong, 5. It’s so foggy I see nothing, 6. Paula has no friends in school,
2. 2. Sarah has eaten nothing since yesterday, 3. Peter knows nobody in Yale, 4. He
5. Nothing ⇒ anything, 6. Anybody ⇒ nobody, 7. Anywhere ⇒ nowhere.
1. 2. Nowhere ⇒ anywhere, 3. Anybody ⇒ nobody, 4. Nobody ⇒ anybody,
 INTENSIFICADORES
I forget things ‹‰-|1_‰-v
much more a lot cheaper
o[;mmo‰-7-‹vĺ than yours.
Actualmente Mi reloj era mucho
olvido las cosas más barato
con mayor que el tuyo.
frecuencia.

4 15

She’s by far the

0;v|7-m1;ubm
the group.
Es, de lejos, la
que mejor baila
del grupo.

Laura is slightly
taller than her cousin.
She began to
Laura es ligeramente
speak a bit
más alta que su prima.
more quickly.
Empezó a hablar
un poco más
deprisa.
 Intensificación o mitigación de los comparativos | 119

1. Completa las frases con a bit o much y el adjetivo o adverbio comparativo

correspondiente:
a) Paula’s mother is 54. His father is 69. Paula’s mother is
.
b) My camera cost 100 Euro. Yours cost 96. My camera was
.
c) Yesterday I felt terrible. Today I feel OK. I feel .
d) Today the temperature is 20 degrees. Yesterday it was 17
degrees. It’s today.
e) Jenny is an excellent football player. I’m not very good. Jenny
plays than me.

2. Escoge la mejor opción:

1. Don’t exaggerate! You are only faster than me.
a. a bit b. by far c. much
2. You are the best friend a person could have.
a. a bit b. by far c. slightly
3. My Latin class is more boring than my English class.
a. a lot of b. much c. bit
4 My garden is more colourful than this park.
a. many b. a lot c. easily
5. Her big house is more expensive than my tiny flat.
a. a bit b. good deal c. far

Soluciones

2. 1. a, 2. b, 3. b, 4. b, 5. c.
1. a) much younger, b) a bit cheaper, c) a bit better, d) a bit hotter, e) much better.
 COMPARATIVO
PROGRESIVO

CON CON CON

ADJETIVO ADJETIVO SUSTANTIVO

corto largo more and less and Incontable Contable

more less (plural)
-er and -er more and
more I’ve got more less and fewer and
and more less and less less fewer
The lake is The book is friends in shy
more Facebook plural
Se está I have got
smaller and and more less and Fewer and
smaller (Cada vez volviendo
tengo más cada vez less fewer people
amigos en menos believe this
(El lago es (El libro se (Cada vez
cada vez más está Facebook.) ঠlb7-ĺő tengo (Cada vez
pequeño.) poniendo menos menos gente
cada vez más ঞ;lroĺő cree en esto.)
interesante.)

COMPARATIVO
DE CORRELACIÓN

The less you The higher

spend, the you climb,

$
more you the colder it
save. gets.

(Cuanto (Cuanto más

menos escalas, más
gastas, más frío hace.)
ahorras)
 Comparativo progresivo | 121

1. Completa las frases con more and more, less and less o fewer and fewer:
1. Nowadays marriages last .
2. It’s a pity, but people read books.
3. consumers are deciding in favour of healthy
drinks.
4. Young people are in contact with traditional
music due to a globalized culture.
5. Luckily, there are nuclear weapons in the
world every year.

2. Escoge la opción más adecuada:

1. The more you pay, the quality is.
a. the more good b. the better c. better

2. mistakes you make, the better your mark is.

a. the more b. the fewer c. the less

3. The more I work, time I spend with my family.

a. the less b. the more c. the fewer

4. The better I know him, I like him.

a. the gooder b. the more c. the fewer

5. you drive, the more petrol the car uses.

a. The more b. The more faster c. The faster

6. I waited, the more furious I got.

$
a. The fewer b. The longer c. The better
Soluciones
6. B: The longer.
2.1. B: the better, 2. B: The fewer , 3. A: the less, 4. B: the more, 5. C: The faster,
fewer.
1.1. less and less, 2. fewer and fewer, 3. More and more, 4. less and less, 5. fewer and
 uomol0u;vu;Y;Šbˆov‹;-1_o|_;u

EN ESPAÑOL: VERBO REFLEXIVO Y RECÍPROCO

Anna v;lbu- en el espejo. Ellos v;0;v-uom

1 mm-Ѵoohv-|_;uv;Ѵ= bm 2 en los labios.

|_;lbuuouĺ $_;‹hbvv;7 ;-1_

o|_;u om|_;Ѵbrvĺ

(;u0ou;Y;Šbˆo (;u0ou;1झruo1o
(alguien lleva a (la acción la ejecutan y
cabo una acción reciben simultáneamente
sobre sí mismo) dos sujetos)

+Ƴu;Y;Šbˆ;
EN INGLÉS: PRONOMBRE REFLEXIVO 3 pronoun:
SUJETO REFLEXIVO ;v|-uvoѴo
I Myself We spent the day
Yourself by ourselves.
You (Pasamos el día a
Himself
Pronombres He Herself solas.)
She Itself
u;Y;Šbˆov Ourselˆ;v Š1;r1bॕmĹ1om
| 4
Yourselˆ;v ˆ;u0ovt†;
We Themselˆ;v 7;v1ub0;m-11bo-
You m;vt†;Ѵ-v
They r;uvom-vv†;Ѵ;m
_-1;uvoѴ-vʼn-v_ķ
v_-ˆ;ķ7u;vvĻ
ˆ;1;vѴov
 Ƴu;Y;Šbˆ; She got up and
1 †v-lovr-u-7-u 2 pronoun: ser dressed herself
࣐m=-vbvĹ quickly.
†molbvlo
Did you make this omĽ|0;m;uˆo†vf†v| (Se levantó y se
cake yourself? 0;‹o†uv;Ѵ=ĺ ˆbvঞॕ7;rubv-ĺő
(¿Este pastel lo has (No estés nervioso.
hecho tú (mismo)?) Sé tú mismo.)

HECHOS RECÍPROCOS They gave each other ;orѴ;v_o†Ѵ70;mb1;|o;-1_o|_;uĺ

EN INGLÉS presents. -vr;uvom-v7;0;uझ-mrou|-uv;0b;m
Se dieron regalos (el las unas con las otras.
uno al otro).
-1_
o|_;u
 Pronombres reflexivos y each other | 123

1. Completa estas frases con el pronombre reflexivo adecuado:

1. You can’t do this for me. I have to do it .
2. We made this card .
3. Are you going to school by ?
4. She likes to think of as a good person.
5. They talk about all the time.
6. The man repaired the car .
7. You two don’t respect !
8. My brother likes to talk about .

2. Escoge entre las dos opciones:

1. Brian and I don’t see very often. (us/each other)
2. The girl fell down the stairs, but she didn’t hurt .
(herself/himself)
3. My sister and I send an e-mail to a couple of times a
week. (each other/myself)
4. I need you and you need me. We need . (ourselves/
each other)
5. Some people are very selfish.They only think of . (each
other/themselves)
6. Children always enjoy at the beach. (themselves/them)
7. If she works too hard, she’ll make ill. (her/herself)
8. My best friend and I always give presents at Christ-
mas. (ourselves/each other)

Soluciones

7. herself, 8. each other.

2. 1. each other, 2. herself, 3. each other, 4. each other, 5. themselves, 6. themselves,
8. himself.
1. 1. myself, 2. ourselves, 3. yourself, 4. herself, 5. themselves, 6. himself, 7. yourselves,
 USED TO / BE USED TO / GET USED TO

USED TO + BE USED TO + GET USED TO +

bmCmbঞˆo v†v|-mঞˆoņˆ;u0o v†v|-mঞˆoņˆ;u0o
–ing –ing

Para hablar de lo que Estar acostumbrado o Acostumbrarse,

solía ocurrir en el tener la costumbre de con hincapié en
pasado hacer algo el proceso

This building used to [;uƔ‹;-uvbm =‹o†‰-m||o

be a cinema. London, I’m used to move to England,
Őm|;vķ;v|;;7bC1bo |_;u-bmĺ ‹o†_-ˆ;|o get
;u-†m1bm;ĺő Ő$u-vƔ-ोov;m used to7ubˆbm]on
om7u;vķ;v|o‹ |_;Ѵ;[ĺ
CINEMA -1ov|†l0u-7o-Ѵ- Ő"bt†b;u;vl†7-u|;
ѴѴ†ˆb-ĺő -m]Ѵ-|;uu-ķ|;m7u࢙v
t†;-1ov|†l0u-u|;
-1om7†1burouѴ-
bŒt†b;u7-ĺő

¡Ojo! No usamos
;v|-;Šru;vbॕm;m
ru;v;m|;ĺ-u-_-0Ѵ-u
de algo habitual
ro7;lov†v-u
“usually”.

†v†-ѴѴ‹ˆbvb|
l‹1o†vbmv
;ˆ;u‹"-|†u7-‹
Ő"†;Ѵobu-ˆ;u-lbv
rublovѴovv࢙0-7ovĺő
 Used to - be used to - get used to | 125

1. Escoge la opción correcta:

1. He isn’t used to in these bad conditions.
a) work b) working
2. Did you write poems when you were young?
a) use to b) used to
3. I need some time to get used to in this town.
a) live b) living
4. Sting used to a teacher before he became a famous
singer.
a) be b) being
5. I’m not used to clothes by hand.
a) wash b) washing

2. Completa las frases con las formas correctas de used to, be used to y get used
to:
1. Caroline (have) a walkman, now she has an iPod.
2. When Peter was young, he (ride) a bicycle to school.
3. I’ve just got my first job. I’ll have to (work) regular
hours.
4. Computers (be) very expensive. Now the prices are
more reasonable.
5. I’m scared. I’m giving a speech tomorrow, but I (not…
speak) in public.

Soluciones

to speaking.
2. 1. used to have, 2. used to ride, 3. get used to work, 4. used to be, 5. ‘m not used
1. 1. working, 2. use to, 3. living, 4. be, 5. washing.
 WISHES wish/
if only
and
REGRETS + PASADO SIMPLE
Deseo de cambiar algo del presente:
I wish we lived near the centre.
(Ojalá viviéramos por el centro.)

should
have

+ PARTICIPIO
-u-;Šru;v-u-uu;r;mঞlb;m|oo
1ubঞ1-u;Ѵ1olrou|-lb;m|o7;
alguien en el pasado:
$_;u;-u;moঞ1h;|vѴ;[ĺ
We should have bought them
Ѵ-v|‰;;hĺ
(Ya no quedan entradas. Tendría-
mos que haberlas comprado la
semana pasada.)
+ WOULD
+ INFINITIVO
Deseo de que algo cambie o alguien
lo7bCt†;;Ѵ1olrou|-lb;m|oŐqueja
sobre algo presente):
=omѴ‹l‹0uo|_;uvwouldn’t argue
-ѴѴ|_;ঞl;Ĵ
Őf-Ѵ࢙lbv_;ul-movmo7bv1†ঞ;u-m
tanto.)

+ PASADO PERFECTO
Ő_-7Ƴr-uঞ1brboő
uu;r;mঞlb;m|o7;-Ѵ]o7;Ѵpasado:
Ľl1oѴ7ĺ‰bv__-70uo†]_| a
f-1h;|ĺ
(Tengo frío. Ojalá hubiera traído una
chaqueta.)
 Wishes and regrets | 127

1. Completa la segunda frase para que signifique lo mismo que la original:

1. I didn’t write the essay.
If only I the essay.
2. This boy is so lazy!
I wish this boy so lazy.
3. Paul never does any housework.
I wish he some housework.
4. Anna doesn’t pay much attention in class.
If only Anna more attention in class.
5. I don’t have enough money to buy that dress.
I wish I enough money to buy that dress.

2. Escoge la opción correcta. Cuidado con las formas verbales:

1. I wish I to him. Now I’m in trouble.
a. have listened b. had listened c. had listen
2. If I had studied harder, I my exam.
a. will have passed b. would have pass c. would have passed
3. If I out last night, I wouldn’t have been tired the whole
morning.
a. hadn’t gone b. hadn’t go c. had went
4. I wish I all my money last week. I’m broke now!
a. hadn’t spend b. haven’t spent c. hadn’t spent
5. If only they me. I’ll need to say hello and chat.
a. hadn’t seen b. hadn’t saw c. haven’t seen

Soluciones

2. 1. B, 2. C, 3 . A, 4. C, 5. A.
4. paid, 5. had.
1. 1. had written , 2. weren’t (no wasn’t porque es forma subjuntiva), 3. would do ,
 I be in I be in
might the team.
NO SEGURO He
You
may have read
He might not
You may not
the team.
have read
could this book. this book.
… …
She be Italian. She be Italian.
We
They
must We can’t
have read They couldn’t have read
SEGURO
… this book. … this book.

may
POSIBILIDAD
DEDUCCIÓN
Verbos modales
(might, may, can't...):
posibilidad y deducción.

might
might, may, could: para
decir que algo es posible.
oul-vm;]-ঞˆ-vĹmight
not, may not (pero no
*couldn't).
He might go to the park tomorrow.
Puede que vaya al parque mañana.
ĽlvঞѴѴbѴѴķvo1o†Ѵ7mĽ|]o|o|_;
party… so I may not go…
Sigo enferma, así que puede que no
ˆ-‹--Ѵ-C;v|-ĺ

The lights are on. She must be at home.

must: para expresar la
certeza.
can't/couldn't: certeza
7;t†;-Ѵ]omo;vˆ;u7-7ĺ
Las luces están encendidas.
Seguro que está en casa.
$_;Ѵb]_|v-u;o@ĺ"_;can’t be at home.
Las luces están apagadas.
Seguro que no está en casa.

She’s a fan of J. K. Rowling, so she

Verbo modal + _-ˆ; +
r-uঞ1brboĹrovb0bѴb7-7;v
en el pasado.
must have read her latest book.
Es fan de J. K. Rowling así que
v;]†uot†;_-Ѵ;झ7ov†িѴঞloѴb0uoĺ
It’s very early to call Sarah. She
might not have woken up yet.
Es demasiado pronto para llamar a Sarah.
Puede que aún no se haya despertado.

ˆ;u0olo7-ѴƳru;v;m|; She must be playing tennis because

1omঞm†oĹ7;7†11bॕmo v_;Ѵ;[‰b|__;uu-1h;|ĺ
posibilidad en el momento Tiene que estar jugando al tenis
actual. porque se ha llevado la raqueta.
 Posibilidad y deducción | 129

1. Completa las frases siguientes con can’t, might y must:

1. I can hear some music coming from that window. He
be at home.
2. I have left my keys in the car... or maybe at John’s.
3. Sue is late for class. She have missed the bus.
4. Christina has already been three times to that restaurant. It
be really good.
5. ‘Have you called Sam?’ ‘Yes, but he have already left,
because nobody answered.’
6. Paula failed her driving test, so she be in a good mood
right now.
7. He and his sister come with us if their parents give
them permission.
8. He be from France, he doesn’t speak a word of French!

2. Escoge la mejor opción para cada frase:

1. The boys look so sad. They must the football match.
a. lose b. be losing c. have lost
2. The music next door is so loud! They must a party.
a. have b. be having c. have had
3. She just said she didn’t want any wine. She must
pregnant.
a. be b. be being c. have been
4. His bedroom light is still on. He might a book.
a. read b. be reading c. have read
5. John’s good friends with Sonia. He might her phone
number.
a. know b. be knowing c. have known
Soluciones

2. 1. C, 2. B, 3. A, 4 . B. 5. A.
1. 1. must, 2. might, 3. must, 4. must, 5. must, 6. can’t, 7. might, 8. can’t.
 + inversión
(verbo - sujeto)

AND BUT OR NOR

(y) (pero) (o) (ni)

SIMPLES
CONJUNCIONES COORDINANTES

CORRELATIVAS
BOTH... AND NOT ONLY... EITHER OR NEITHER...
tanto...como BUT ALSO (O... o, bien... NOR
(no solo... bien, (ni... ni)
Plants need both
sino también) ni... ni; con
the sun and the She neither
rain He plays not only
negación)
drinks
(Las plantas the guitar, but nor smokes
They’re either very
necesitan tanto also the piano rich or very stupid
el sol como la (Ni bebe ni fuma.)
lluvia.) (No solo toca la (O son muy ricos o
guitarra, sino muy tontos.)
también el piano.)
I’ve not met either
him or his brother

(No lo he visto
ni a él ni a su
hermano.)
 Conjunciones coordinantes | 131

1. Completa con una conjunción coordinante:

1. Maria tried to read a novel in French, it was too
difficult.
2. Jack didn’t want help, did he ask for it.
3. Would you prefer coffee tea?
4. He doesn’t eat cake, does he eat biscuits.
5. I take milk sugar in my coffee.
6. I bought a bottle of wine, we drank it together.

2. Escoge la opción correcta:

1. my friend I are taking the geography class.
a. both, and b. either, nor c. neither, or
2. Do you want to go swimming golfing?
a. but b. or c. nor
3. I studied grammar for a long time, I still make
mistakes.
a. and b. but c. nor
4. wood bricks can be used to build houses.
a. Both, or b. Neither, nor c. Either, or
5. I wasn’t feeling well this morning, I had to go to work.
a. and b. but c. or
6. my mother my father will be able to
attend the party. They are ill.
a. Either, or b. Both, and c. neither, nor

Soluciones

6. C. neither, nor.
2. 1. A. both, and, 2. B. or, 3. B. but , 4. C. Either, or , 5. B. but,
1. 1. but, 2. nor, 3. or, 4. nor, 5. and, 6. and.
 "En lugar de" (en
estructuras paralelas):
Rather than
R
Con omˆ;u0ovĹ
pronombres y
v†v|-mঞˆovĹ I’d like to stay at Would rather
home rather than
Let's take the train go out.
rather than the bus. Preferencia:
Would rather + pronom
bre + pasadoĹ
I'd rather you called me
Would rather + before coming.
bmCmbঞˆovbmŝ|oŝĹ (Preferiría que
I'd rather leave me llamaras antes
now. de venir.)
(Preferiría irme
Rather ya.)

nf u n d ir s e
"Bastante":

n 1o
7f;ঞˆovĹ 7ˆ;u0bovĹ Algunos
ˆ;u0ovĹ e le
Su

$_;CѴl‰-v The accident

happened I rather like it.
rather good.
rather quickly.
-70;‚;u

-u--1omv;f-uŐŞv;u࢙l;fout†;ĺĺĺŞőĺ
";]†b7o7;bmCmbঞˆovbmŝ|oŝĹ
Diferencia entre
would rather y prefer );Ľ70;‚;uѴ;-ˆ;;-uѴ‹|o-ˆob7|u-L1f-lvĺ
(Será mejor que salgamos pronto para evitar
)o†Ѵ7u-|_;uĹ lo que alguien quiere retenciones.)
en una situación concreta:
‘Let’s take the bus.’ ‘I’d rather walk.’
†;7;|;m;ul-ঞŒ7;
Őof-lov;Ѵ-†|o0িvĺ+oru;C;uobu -7ˆ;u|;m1b-ĺ
andando.)
u;=;uĹpreferencia general:
I prefer living/to live in the country.
Őu;C;uoˆbˆbu;m;Ѵ1-lroĺő
 Rather, rather than, would rather, had better | 133

1. Completa con rather, rather than y would rather.

1. I you helped him.
2. I prefer starting early leaving everything to the last
minute.
3. Don’t read that book. It’s boring.
4. I prefer walking driving.
5. He would face the enemy surrender.
6. She sings beautifully.
7. I we had the meeting a bit later.

2. Completa con would rather o had better:

1. You take a bit of time before taking a decision.
2. They have everything ready before our clients arrive
or they’ll be in trouble.
3. I you didn’t smoke in front of the kids.
4. You not say a word about this to David.
5. Mike, I you didn’t wear jeans in the office. It doesn’t
look very professional.
6. ‘Can I borrow your motorbike?’ ‘You not!’
7. ‘Can I borrow your camera?’ ‘I you didn’t. it’s very
expensive.’

Soluciones

better, 7. would rather.

2. 1. had better, 2. had better, 3. would rather, 4. had better, 5. would rather, 6. had
7. would rather.
1. 1. would rather, 2. rather than, 3. rather, 4. rather than, 5. rather than, 6. rather,
 IN SPITE
DESPITE OF
CONECTORES
de CONTRASTE
+ + +
bvlovb]mbC1-7o v†v|-mঞˆo |_;=-1| ˆ;u0o;m
ŐŞ-†mt†;ŞķŞ- |_-|Ƴ ];u†m7bo
=u-v;
r;v-u7;t†;Şő
v|u†1|†u-v
7bvঞm|-v
|_; b|‰-v =;;Ѵbm]
_;-ˆ‹ u-bmbm] ঞu;7
u;-bm

b|u-bm;7
+
=u-v;
Őv†f;|o
+ _;‰;m||o|_;r-u|‹
ˆ;u0oő Ő†mt†;ѴѴoˆझ-ņ†mt†;
;v|-0-1-mv-7oĺĺĺ=†;-
_;=;Ѵ|
la =b;v|-ő
u;-ѴѴ‹ঞu;7

$_o†]_
Ѵ]ol࢙vbm=oul-Ѵĺ
;vv-‹
Ѵিmb1ot†;;v-7ˆ;u0boĹ
r†;7;bu-ѴCm-Ѵ7;Ѵ-=u-v;ĺ

mm-Ľv;vv-‹‰-vˆ;u‹]oo7ĺ|
‰-v-0b|u;r;ঞঞˆ;ķ|_o†]_ĺ
(La redacción de Anna era muy
buena, aunque/si bien un
ro1ou;r;ঞঞˆ-ĺő
 Conectores de contraste | 135

1. Empareja las frases:

1. I couldn’t sleep
2. I didn’t get the job
3. We went out
4. Despite our careful plans,
5. She accepted the job
6. He runs fast
7. In spite of the traffic,
A. everything went wrong.
B. in spite of his old age.
C. despite being very tired.
D. although I had all the necessary
qualifications.
F. I arrived on time.
G. although it was raining.
H. in spite of the salary, which was
quite low.

2. Escoge el conector más adecuado:

1. I didn’t enjoy the movie, I watched it.
a. In spite of b. Even though c. Despite
2. I enjoyed the party I didn’t know anybody there.
a. although b. in spite of c. despite
3. I studied hard for my Maths test. I still got a low grade, .
a. although b. though c. despite
4. The lift was out of order so I had to use the stairs
being exhausted.
a. though b. in spite of the fact c. despite
5. I am not going to eat fast food I am starving. It’s very
unhealthy.
a. despite b. in spite of c. although
6. He’s decided go on holiday all the financial problems
they have.
a. although b. in spite of c. despite the fact

Soluciones
2. 1. B, 2. A, 3. B, 4. C, 5. C, 6. B.
1. 1C, 2D, 3G, 4A, 5H, 6B, 7F.
 7f;ঞˆo Pronombre
-mo|_;ur;m1bѴŐbvő -mo|_;uŐbvő
o|uoѴ࢙rbŒŐ;vő otro (es)
o|_;ur;m1bѴvŐ-u;ő o|_;uvŐ-u;ő
o|uovѴ࢙rb1;vŐvomő otros (son)
|_;o|_;ur;m1bѴŐbvő |_;o|_;uŐbvő
;Ѵo|uovѴ࢙rbŒŐ;vő el otro (es)
|_;o|_;ur;m1bѴvŐ-u;ő |_;o|_;uvŐ-u;ő
Ѵovo|uovѴ࢙rb1;vŐvomő los otros (son)

omv†v|-mঞˆo
plural seguido
de un número o
una expresión
como couple
of, a few, etc.:
omv†v|-mঞˆo
In another 2 contable singular:
Con one years my mobile
Őr-u-;ˆb|-u is going to be I want another
u;r;ঞ1bom;vőĹ obsolete. book.
Ő mo|uov7ov (Quiero otro libro.)
‘Would you años mi teléfono
like another t†;7-u࢙
apple?’ ‘Yes, obsoleto.)
I’ll have
another one.’
(?Quieres otra
l-mŒ-m-ĵ
Sí, me comeré

omruomol0u;vov†v|-mঞˆov
otra.)
Another
contables plurales e incontables:
Have you got any other dresses?
Őѿ$b;m;o|uovˆ;vঞ7ovĵő

Con onesŐr-u-;ˆb|-u
Other,
u;r;ঞ1bom;vőĹ
We don’t need those
others
books, we need other
ones.
(No necesitamos esos Other7;0;ѴѴ;ˆ-u
libros; necesitamos determinante delante
otros.) 7;†mv†v|-mঞˆo
singular contable:
What shall I do with
that other box?
(¿Qué hago con la otra
caja?)
 Other, others, another | 137

1. Escoge la opción correcta:

1. Please, call me any day.
a. other b. another
2. I’d like to travel to European countries.
a. another b. other
3. Some friends usually drink beer, drink wine.
a. another b. others
4. I need glass of water.
a. another b. other
5. Some of the girls are five, are eleven.
a. the others b. others
6. This cup is dirty. Can I have ?
a. other b. another

2. Completa con another, other y the other(s):

1. This cake is delicious! Can I have slice, please?
2. The supermarket is on side of the street.
3. This is not the only answer to the question.There are .
4. Please give me chance.
5. Some people eat beef, while eat fish.
6. Fifteen students are here. Two of them are studying, but
are sleeping.
7. One of his eyes is blue. is brown.

Soluciones

2. 1. another, 2. the other, 3. others, 4. another, 5. others, 6. the others, 7. the other.
1. 1. A, 2. B, 3. B, 4. A, 5. A, 6. B.
 EJERCICIOS B1 Y B2

1. Completa con should o shouldn’t:

1. You do your homework every day.
2. You smoke because it’s bad for your health.
3. Children watch TV after 11 pm.
4. It’s a great film. I think you see it.
5. You worry so much. It’s not good for your health.

2. Decide cuál de las dos formas de futuro (futuro perfecto o continuo) encaja
mejor en las siguientes frases:
1. Next year, I (travel) around the States.
2. There won’t be anyone in the office. Everyone (go)
home.
3. Carmen (not work) this time next week. She’ll be on
holiday.
4. Do you think John (repair) the computer by tomorrow?
5. Don’t come before 2 o’clock, we (have) lunch.
6. (she/retire) by the time she’s 65?

3. Completa la frase con el question tag adecuado:

1. Peter smokes a lot, ?
2. We can go to the cinema tomorrow, ?
3. Your uncle has never been in France, ?
4. Bill was not her teacher, ?
5. Your cousins bought a new car, ?
6. Pass me the salt, ?

4. ¿Repasamos las expresiones de acuerdo (+) y desacuerdo (-)? Completa las frases:
1. I’m very tired. (+) So am I.
2. I love pasta. (-) I don’t.
 Ejercicios B1 y B2 | 139

3. I would like to visit NY. (+)

4. I didn’t go to the cinema on Saturday. (+)
5. I’m going out tonight. ( -)
6. I don’t like baggy trousers. (-)
7. My mum can’t stand ironing. (+)
8. I’ve never been to Madrid. (-)
9. She wants to have coffee. (+)
10. We’ll leave soon. (-)

5. ¿Presente perfecto simple o continuo? Completa las frases:

1. Nick (play) a computer game for two hours and he’s
still at it.
2. Paul, where have you been? I (wait) for you since
2 o’clock.
3. Amanda (not come) home yet. She
(shop) in town since 11 o’clock.
4. Mrs Simpson (correct) tests all evening, but she
(not find) a perfect one yet.
5. The girls (be) at school since 7 o’clock.

6. Escoge la mejor opción en cada caso:

1. I’ll be very if she does well in her test. (surprised
/ surprising)
2. My new job is extremely . (tired / tiring)
3. He’s such a person. He never wants to go out.
(bored / boring)
4. I didn’t find her joke very . (amused / amusing)
5. These instructions are incredibly . Can you help
me? (confused / confusing)
6. I am about the tennis tournament tomorrow.
(excited / exciting)
140 | Ejercicios B1 y B2

7. Completa con la forma correcta del condicional:

1. You’ll pass your exam if you (work) hard.
2. If Jake and Ben were famous actors, they (be) in
Hollywood.
3. If I (find) her address, I would have written to her.
4. I wouldn’t run away if I (see) a spider.
5. If you had listened to me, the accident (happen).
6. If we don’t get tickets for the concert, we (stay) at
home.
7. She’ll hear us if you (not stop) laughing.
8. They’d go by bus if they (have) a car.
9. He wouldn’t have taken the bread if he (be) hungry.
10. If you have to do the washing up, I (help) you.

8. Pasa de estilo indirecto a directo estas frases:

1. The coach asked me what he was doing ⇒ The coach asked:
“ ?”
2. Sophie said she had gone to bed early yesterday ⇒ She said:
“ ?”
3. They wanted to know who that woman was ⇒ They asked:
“ ?”
4. The captain asked the guide when they would get to the coast ⇒
The captain asked: “ ?”
5. Nick said he was going to visit his parents the following month ⇒
Nick said: “ ”
6. Rudy asked me where I had been ⇒ He asked:
“ ?”

9. Completa con unless, as long as y providing.

1. He’s a nice person, that you don’t contradict him.
2. Camping is fun you forget the basic equipment.
3. I won’t go there you come with me.
 Ejercicios B1 y B2 | 141

4. that the weather is good, we’ll go to the beach.

5. You’ll pass the exam easily you revise before.

10. Completa con la forma correcta del causative have:

1. “Why did you go to the cleaner’s?” “I needed
(my jacket/clean).”
2. When was the last time you (your hair/cut)?
3. (you/a newspaper/deliver) to your house every day,
or do you go out and buy one?
4. I (my car/repair) last week. The engine didn’t work.
5. When (you/your flat/paint)? The walls are very dirty.

11. Completa con el pasado simple o el perfecto:

1. When he (arrive), the burglars (leave).
2. Jane (ring) five minutes before Tom (get)
home.
3. She (think) she (see) him before.
4. He (turn) on the TV only after he (do) his
homework.
5. I (be) very tired because I (study) the
whole night before the exam.
6. I (never hear) of this restaurant until you
(mention) it.

12. Completa con la forma verbal correcta detrás de los reporting verbs siguientes:
1. My boss promised (give) me a pay rise.
2. He offered (take) Sarah home after the party.
3. My friend insisted on (go) to that art exhibition.
4. My parents advised me against (drive) in the snow.
5. The director warned Paul (do) as he asked.
6. Paula persuaded her friend (go) with her to the
cinema.
142 | Ejercicios B1 y B2

13. Escribe el pronombre reflexivo más adecuado:

1. The girl looked at in the mirror.
2. Mike, you’ll have to do your homework .
3. You don’t need to help them. They can do it .
4. I introduced to my new neighbour.
5. Kids, can you make your beds ?
6. She made a pullover .
7. His father decided to repair the car .
8. We can move the table .

14. Completa las frases con past simple, past perfect o past continuous:
1. We (sit) on the beach when it (start) to
rain.
2. Simon (return) the money he (borrow)
the week before.
3. While I (shop) my purse (steal) .
4. I think the letter (not/arrive) because I (forget)
to put a stamp on it.
5. While he (travel) in central Africa, Michael (catch)
malaria.

15. Cambia o corrige la posición de los adverbios so y such en estas frases:

1. She is a such professional. ⇒ She is .
2. They are such careless! ⇒ They are !
3. She has got such many shoes. ⇒ She has got .
4. 4. We had so good fun. ⇒ We had .
5. This is a so boring lecture! ⇒ This is !
6. He is a such nice boy. ⇒ He is .

16. De cada par de frases, escoge la correcta:

1. A. We aren’t used to listening to that kind of music.
B. We aren’t used to listen to that kind of music.
 Ejercicios B1 y B2 | 143

2. A. She will soon get used to work here.

B. She will soon get used to working here.
3. A. I used to working for that company.
B. I used to work for that company.
4. A. We never got used to getting up so early.
B. We never got used to get up so early.
5. A. We used to travelling a lot before having children.
B. We used to travel a lot before having children.
6. A. I am used to working on the night shift.
B. I am used to work on the night shift

17. Elige el mejor conector para completar las frases siguientes:

1. We went out the snow.
a) in spite of b) however c) although
2. We went out it snowed.
a) despite b) although c) however
3. She went on working she was exhausted.
a) although b) despite c) in spite of
4. She went on working the fact that she was tired.
a) despite b) however c) although
5. she is a nice girl, I don’t quite like her.
a) although b) despite c) however
6. I didn’t like the film, everybody else seemed to
enjoy it.
a) although b) however c) despite
7. We managed to do it he wasn’t there to help.
a) however b) although c) either could be used here
8. We managed to do it, the fact that he was not
there to help.
a) although b) despite c) however
144 | Ejercicios B1 y B2
Soluciones
1. 1. should, 2. shouldn’t, 3. shouldn’t, 4. should, 5. shouldn’t.
2. 1. I’ll be travelling, 2. will have gone, 3. won’t be working, 4. will have repaired,
5. will be having, 6. will she have retired.
3. 1. doesn’t he?, 2. can’t we?, 3. has he?, 4. was he?, 5. didn’t they?, 6. will you?
4. 3. So would I, 4. Neither did I, 5. I’m not, 6. I do, 7. Neither can I, 8. I have, 9. So do
I, 10. I won’t.
5. 1. has been playing, 2. have been waiting, 3. hasn’t come/has been shopping, 4. has
been correcting/hasn’t found, 5. have been.
6. 1. surprised, 2. tiring, 3. boring, 4. amusing, 5. confusing, 6. excited.
7. 1. work, 2. would be, 3. had found, 4. saw, 5. wouldn’t have happened, 6. will stay,
7. don’t stop, 8. didn’t have, 9. hadn’t been, 10. will help.
8. 1. What is he doing?, 2. I went to bed early yesterday, 3. Who’s that woman?,
4. When will we get to the coast?, 5. I’m going to visit my parents next month,
6. Where have you been?
9. 1. providing, 2. unless, 3. unless,4. providing, 5. as long as.
10. 1. to have my jacket cleaned, 2. had your hair cut, 3. do you have a newspaper
delivered, 4. had my car repaired, 5. will you have your flat painted.
11. 1. arrived/had left, 2. had rung/got, 3. thought/had seen, 4. turned/had done,
5. was/had studied, 6. had never heard/mentioned.
12. 1. to give, 2. to take, 3. going, 4. driving, 5. to do, 6. to go.
13. 1. herself, 2. yourself, 3. themselves, 4. myself, 5. yourselves, 6. herself, 7. himself,
8. ourselves.
14. 1. were sitting/started, 2. returned/has borrowed, 3. was shopping/was stolen, 4.
didn’t arrive/had forgotten, 5. was travelling/caught.
15. 1. Such a professional, 2. So careless, 3. So many shoes, 4. Such good fun, 5. Such
a boring lecture, 6. Such a nice boy.
16. 1A, 2B, 3B, 4A, 5B, 6A.
17. 1A, 2B, 3A, 4A, 5A, 6A, 7B, 8B.