LIQUID PENETRANT EXAMINATION Código: PR 3302

Versión: 2
Fecha aprobación: 08-07-2019
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RUIZ FAJARDO INGENIEROS

ASOCIADOS S.A.S

LIQUID PENETRANT EXAMINATION

PROCEDURE PR 3322 Rev 2

PREPARED BY APPROVED BY

_____________________ _________________________

RODOLFO CRUZ ING. CARLOS FIERRO

QCC ASNT LEVEL III Nº 167167

DATE: DATE:
 LIQUID PENETRANT EXAMINATION Código: PR 3302
Versión: 2
Fecha aprobación: 08-07-2019
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LIQUID PENETRANT EXAMINATION PROCEDURE

1.0 SCOPE

The present general procedure describes the general requirements for the liquid penetrant examination (PT),
using the visible solvent – removable process, when specified by the referencing Code section, in accordance
with ASME Code, section V, article 6, Latest Edition and Addenda

2.0 DESCRIPTION

(EV)The liquid Penetrant is a method for detecting discontinuities which are open to the surface of nonporous
metals and other materials and its weld. Typical discontinuities detectable by this method are cracks, seams,
laps, could shuts, laminations and porosity. In principle, a liquid penetrant is applied to the surface to be
examined and allowed to enter discontinuities. All excess penetrant is then removed, the part is dried, and
developer is applied. The developer functions both as a blotter to absorb penetrant that has been trapped in
discontinuities, and as a contracting background to enhance the visibility of penetrant indications.

Visible, solvent removable liquid penetrant examination materials, consist of a family of applicable visible
penetrant, remover solvent, and developer, as recommended by the manufacturer, and are classified as Type II
Visible, Method C – Solvent removable.

Intermixing of materials from various manufacturers is not permitted.

(EV)The family of liquid penetrant testing for this procedure shall be:

SUPPLIER CLEANER PENETRANT DEVELOPER

MAGNAFLUX SKC - S SKL-SP1 SKD –S2

METAL-CHEK E-59A VP-31A D-70

For PT examination Nickel base alloys or austenitic stainless steel and titanium, the Purchased Order shall
required certification of contaminant content for all the family of materials. This certification shall include the
penetrant manufacturer’s batch number and the test results obtained in accordance with Article 6, paragraph T-
641 of ASME Sec. V.
 LIQUID PENETRANT EXAMINATION Código: PR 3302
Versión: 2
Fecha aprobación: 08-07-2019
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3.0 REFERENCES

ASME Code, Section V, Article 6

ASME Code, VIII Division 1
RUIZ FAJARDO INGENIEROS ASOCIADOS S.A.S, NDE Personnel Qualification and Certification Practice,
Procedure PR 3390 REV 2.

4.0 PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION (NV)

Personnel who execute, evaluate and interpret (PT) examination shall be qualified and certified as Level II in
accordance with RUIZ FAJARDO INGENIEROS ASOCIADOS S.A.S, NDE Personnel Qualification and
Certification Practice, Procedure PR 3390.

5.0 TEMPERATURE LIMITS (EV)

The temperature of the penetrant materials and the surface of the part to be examined shall be from 40 ºF to
125 ºF (5°C to 52°C). Where it is not practical to comply with these temperature limitations, the procedure shall
be qualified at the temperature of intended use as described in T-653 in accordance with Mandatory Appendix
III, Article 6 of ASME Section V.

6.0 SURFACE PREPARATION (EV)

(a) In general , satisfactory results may be obtained when the surface of the part is the as-welded , as-
rolled , as-cast , or as-forged condition . Surface preparation by grinding, machining, or other methods may
be necessary where surface irregularities could mask indications of unacceptable discontinuities.

(b) Prior to each liquid penetrant examination, the surface to be examined and all adjacent areas within at least
1 inch (25.4 mm) shall be dry and free of all dirt, grease, lint, scale, welding flux, weld spatter, paint, oil, and
other extraneous matter that could obscure surface openings or otherwise interfere with examination .

(c) Typical cleaning agents which may be used are detergents, organic solvents, descaling solutions, and paint
removers (if the materials are not Nickel base alloys or austenitic stainless steel and titanium). Degreasing or
ultrasonic cleaning methods may also be used.

(d) For Nickel base alloys austenitic or duplex stainless steels and titanium only SKC-S and E-59A with the
proper certification shall be used for cleaning.
 LIQUID PENETRANT EXAMINATION Código: PR 3302
Versión: 2
Fecha aprobación: 08-07-2019
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7.0 DRYING AFTER PREPARATION (EV)

After cleaning, drying of the surfaces to be examined shall be accomplished by normal evaporation or with
forced hot or cold air. As appropriate. At least five (5) minutes shall be established to ensure that the cleaning
solution has evaporated prior to application of the penetrant.

8.0 PENETRANT APPLICATION (EV)

The penetrant shall be applied by spraying.

9.0 PENETRATION TIME (EV)

Penetration time is critical. The penetration time shall be 5 minutes minimum, as required in Table No 1.

10.0 REMOVAL OF EXCESS PENETRANT (EV)

After the specified penetration time has elapsed, any penetrant remaining on the surface shall be removed,
taking care to minimize removal of penetrant from discontinuities. Remove the excess of penetrant insofar as
possible by using wipes of a dry, clean, lint-free material, or absorbent paper, repeating the operation until most
traces o penetrant have been removed. The remaining traces shall be removed by lightly wiping the surface with
a cloth or absorbent paper moistened with solvent to minimize removal of penetrant from discontinuities, care
shall be taken to avoid the use of excess solvent.

NOTE: Flushing the surface with solvent, following the application of the penetrant and prior to developing, is

PROHIBITED.

11.0 DRYING (EV)

After the removal of excess surface penetrant by solvent wipe-off techniques, the part surface will dry quickly by
normal evaporation during 5 to 10 minutes. Normally, no other drying technique is required.
 LIQUID PENETRANT EXAMINATION Código: PR 3302
Versión: 2
Fecha aprobación: 08-07-2019
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12.0 DEVELOPING APPLICATION (EV)

The developer is the liquid type and shall be applied by spraying, provide a thin coating over the surface being
examined, insufficient coating thickness may not draw the penetrant out of discontinuities, conversely excessive
coating thickness may mask indications. The developer must be thoroughly agitated to ensure adequate
dispersion of suspended particles.

Developing time for final interpretation begins immediately after the application of developer. The minimum
developing time will 5 to 10 minutes.

13.0 INTERPRETATION

13.1 FINAL INTERPRETATION. Final interpretation shall be made after allowing the penetrant to bleed-out for
5 to 10 min.

13.2 CHARACTERIZING INDICATION(S). The type of discontinuities is difficult to evaluate if the penetrant
diffuses excessively into the developer. If this condition occurs, close observation of the formation of
indication(s) during application of the developer may assist in characterizing and determining the extent of the
indication(s).

13.3 COLOR CONTRAST PENETRANTS. (EV). With a color contrast penetrant, the developer forms a
reasonably uniform white coating. Surface discontinuities are indicated by bleed-out of the penetrant which is
normally a deep red color that stains the developer. Indications with a light pink color may indicate excessive
cleaning. Inadequate cleaning may leave an excessive background making interpretation difficult. A minimum
light intensity of 100 fc (1000 Lx) is required on the surface to be examined to ensure adequate sensitivity during
the examination and evaluation of indication. For indoor application a flashlight with a battery of 6 V at not more
than the qualified distance 24 inches, shall be used during the evaluation of the test. For outdoor application
during the day light not special illumination is required.
 LIQUID PENETRANT EXAMINATION Código: PR 3302
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14.0 EVALUATION OF INDICATIONS

(a) All indications shall be evaluated in terms of the acceptance standards of the Code Section or any other
applicable specifications for construction of parts being examined.

(b) Discontinuities at the surface will be indicated by bleed-out of penetrant; however, localized surface
irregularities due to machining marks or other surface conditions may produce false indications.

(c) Areas which could mask of discontinuities are unacceptable, and such areas shall be cleaned and
reexamined.

(d) Only indications with major dimension greater than 1/16" (1.6 mm) shall be considered relevant.

(e) A linear indication is one having a length greater than 3 times the width.

(f) A rounded indication is one of circular or elliptical shape with the length equal to or less than 3 times the
width.

(g) Any questionable or doubtful indications shall be reexamined to determine whether or not they are relevant.

16.0 DOCUMENTATION

16.1 Nonrejectable indications shall be recorded as specified the referencing code Section.

16.2 Rejectable indications shall be recorded. As a minimum the type of the indications (linear or rounded),
location and extent (length or diameter or aligned) shall be recorded

17.0 REPAIRS

Unacceptable imperfections shall be removed and reexamination made to assure complete removal. Whenever
an imperfection is removed by chipping or grinding and subsequent repair by welding is not required, the
excavated area shall be blended into the surrounding surface so as to avoid sharp notches, crevices or corners.
Where welding is required after removal of an imperfection, the area shall be cleaned and welding performed in
accordance with a qualified welding procedure.

After repair(s) have been made, the area shall be prepared and reexamined by the liquid penetrant method.
 LIQUID PENETRANT EXAMINATION Código: PR 3302
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18.0 REPORT

A written report shall be elaborated in accordance with the ASME Code. Such a report shall include at least the
following information (See EXHIBIT No. 1):

 Procedure identification and revision, examination method, technique

 Liquid Penetrant type ( Visible or Fluorescent)
 Type (number or letter designation of each penetrant, penetrant remover, emulsifier, and developer used
 Examination personnel identity and if required by referencing Code Section, qualification level
 Map or record of indication (16.0)
 Material and thickness
 Lighting equipment
 Date of examination

19.0 POST EXAMINATION CLEANING (NV)

After the evaluation of the indications, no more than 60 minutes later, the Examiner shall remove the liquid
penetrant by wiping a cloth with solvent until no traces are present.

20.0 PRECAUTIONS

These materials are highly volatile and their vapors are relatively toxic, therefore, the following precautions must
be observed.

Use them only in well ventilated areas.

Avoid excessive contact with the skin, since they may cause irritation.
Protect the eyes from accidental entry of the sprays.

NOTE:

(EV): Essential Variable

(NV): Nonessential Variable
LIQUID PENETRANT EXAMINATION Código: PR 3302
Versión: 2
Fecha aprobación: 08-07-2019
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TABLE No 1

EXHIBIT Nº1
LIQUID PENETRANT EXAMINATION Código: PR 3302
Versión: 2
Fecha aprobación: 08-07-2019
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