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Condicional tipo 3

Formación

En una oración condicional de tipo 3, el tiempo

verbal de la proposición "if" es el "past perfect" y el
de la cláusula principal puede ser el "perfect
conditional" o el "perfect continuous conditional".

Proposición Proposición
"if" principal

If + past "perfect
perfect conditional" o
"perfect
continuous
conditional"

If this thing that thing would

had have happened.
happened

Como ocurre con todas las oraciones condicionales,

el orden de las proposiciones no es !jo. Es posible
que sea preciso modi!car los pronombres y la
puntuación al revertir el orden de las cláusulas pero
el signi!cado de la oración seguirá siendo el mismo.

Ejemplos

If it had rained, you would have gotten

wet.

You would have gotten wet if it had

rained.

You would have passed your exam if you

had worked harder.

If you had worked harder, you would

have passed your exam.

I would have believed you if you hadn't

lied to me before.

If you hadn't lied to me before, I would

have believed you.

Funciones

El "type 3 conditional" se re!ere a una condición

imposible, situada temporalmente en el pasado, y a
su resultado probable en el pasado. Estas oraciones
son ciertamente hipotéticas e irreales porque, en
este momento, es demasiado tarde para que la
condición o su resultado se produzcan. El
condicional tipo 3 casi siempre implica cierto
arrepentimiento o que lamentamos algo. La realidad
es lo opuesto o lo contrario de lo que se expresa en
la oración. En las oraciones condicionales de tipo 3
el marco temporal es el pasado y la situación es
hipotética.

Ejemplos

If I had worked harder I would have

passed the exam. (But I didn't work hard,
and I didn't pass the exam.)

If I had known you were coming I would

have baked a cake. (But I didn't know
and I didn't bake a cake.)

I would have been happy if you had

called me on my birthday. (But you didn't
call me and I am not happy.)

En las oraciones condicionales de tipo 3 también

pueden emplearse los modales en la cláusula
principal, en lugar de "would", para expresar el grado
de certeza, permiso o una recomendación sobre el
resultado.

Ejemplos

If I had worked harder I might have

passed the exam.

You could have been on time if you had

caught the bus.

If he called you, you could go.

If you bought my school supplies for me,

I might be able to go to the park.

Contracciones
Tanto "would" como "had" pueden contraerse de la
misma forma, -'d, algo que puede generar confusión
si no dominamos las oraciones condicionales de tipo
3. Recuerda estas 2 reglas:
1. "would" nunca aparece en la proposición "if",
por tanto, si "-'d" aparece en la proposición "if", será
la contracción de "had".
2. "had" nunca se pone antes de "have", por tanto,
si "-'d" aparece tras un pronombre y va seguido de
"have", será la contracción de "would".

Ejemplos

If I'd known you were in hospital, I'd

have visited you.

If I had known you were in hospital, I

would have visited you.

I'd have bought you a present if I'd

known it was your birthday.

I would have bought you a present if I

had known it was your birthday.

If you'd given me your e-mail, I'd have

written to you.

If you had given me your e-mail, I

would have written to you.

El "perfect conditional"

El "perfect conditional" de cualquier verbo está

compuesto por tres elementos:
would + have + past participle
"Have", seguido del "past participle" de un verbo, se
emplea también en otras construcciones. Se
denomina "perfect in!nitive".

Sujeto + + + past
would have participle

He would have gone

They would have stayed

To go: perfect conditional

A!rmativa Negativa Interrogativa Interrogativa

negativa

I would I Would I have Wouldn't I

have gone wouldn't gone? have gone?
have
gone

You would You Would you Wouldn't you

have gone wouldn't have gone? have gone?
have
gone

He would He Would he Wouldn't he

have gone wouldn't have gone? have gone?
have
gone

She would She Would she Wouldn't she

have gone wouldn't have gone? have gone?
have
gone

We would We Would we Wouldn't we

have gone wouldn't have gone? have gone?
have
gone

They They Would they Wouldn't they

would wouldn't have gone? have gone?
have gone have
gone

Recursos para aprender inglés

Guía de gramática inglesa Condicional tipo 3

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