Subsecretaría de Educación Media Superior

Dirección General de Educación Tecnológica Industrial

Centro de Estudios Tecnológicos industrial y de servicios No. 103
ASIGNATURA DE INGLÉS II

ANTOLOGÍA DE INGLÉS II
1ST. PARTIAL

TEACHER:
MTRA. FLORIDALMA CLEMENTE SANTIAGO

SEMESTRE: FEBRERO - JULIO 2023

NOMBRE DEL ALUMNO (A):

_______________________________

1
 INTRODUCCIÓN

Aprender un segundo idioma es fundamental en un mundo globalizado. Actualmente, la comunicación

personal e impersonal en cualquier país se refiere a elementos del inglés como palabras, frases, literatura, textos
informativos o científicos; esta interacción permite romper las barreras de comunicación entre las personas.

El inglés como lengua extranjera permitirá a los estudiantes insertarse en diferentes ambientes educativos
y laborales que mejorarán su calidad de vida, por lo que este plan de estudios ofrece una visión general del curso de
Inglés II a nivel de Bachillerato.

La finalidad es que los estudiantes reactiven los conocimientos previos y obtengan lo que necesitan para
expresarse utilizando diferentes elementos de gramática, vocabulario y contenidos específicos que les ayudarán a
comunicarse en diferentes situaciones.

EL PROPÓSITO DEL PROGRAMA DE ESTUDIOS DE INGLÉS II

Al finalizar el segundo semestre, los estudiantes utilizarán los elementos del lenguaje para expresar las
actividades que están realizando ahora, en el pasado, y para compartir o solicitar información personal de otras
personas con frases sencillas y tareas que requieren un lenguaje sencillo y directo, intercambio de información de su
entorno y necesidades inmediatas. Además, continuarán practicando las habilidades lingüísticas para lograr una
interacción eficiente con los estudiantes y promover el trabajo colaborativo con los demás.

Así también que el estudiante sea capaz de comunicar hechos, actividades y experiencias del pasado en
inglés, empleando adecuadamente las estructuras gramaticales vistas durante el semestre.

NOCIONES GRAMATICALES

1ª. unidad
1.- Pasado Simple de Verbos Regulares e Irregulares
2.- Pasado del Verbo To Be (Was/Were)
3.- Uso de: There was/ There were
4.- Pasado Simple (+), (-), (?) y Wh Question en Pasado.

2ª. unidad
5.- Used to
6.- Pasado continuo
7.- Adverbios de tiempo
8.- Adverbios de Frecuencia

3ª. unidad
9.- Pasado Continuo
10.- Auxiliar Could (polite requests, possibility)
11.- Was/Were able to

2
 ABOUT MYSELF

My name is Floridalma Clemente Santiago, I´m from Tamazulapam, Oaxaca, I´m 49 years
old, I have been working in CETis 103 during 25 years. I am Bachelor Degree of Business and
Systems Administration and I have a Master of Administration.

I love working and studying always. I love dancing and listening to music. I love typical
clothing, I adore cooking for my family, I love Reading books with my family and checking
homework. In my free time I like watching comedian movies and I sometimes like playing
table games with my family too.

I love teaching English, it is the reason that my goals are: I hope my students learn English
with me. I wish my students don´t be afraid to speak, to write, to hear or to think about
English. I wish my students improve their English. I wish my students are motivate to learn
English with me.

In general I hope to help you to improve your English.

Welcome to English II

3
Activity 1A: Make your presenting and tell us about yourself depend on your creative.
Your presenting

Student´s name: ______________________________________

4
Activity 1B: You want to make new e-friends on the internet and you have to fill out this
application and expose in your class.

YOUR PHOTO
COME AND JOIN US!

Name:_______________________________________________ Date: _______________

Nationality: __________________________________________ Age: ________________

DOB (Date of Birth): _____________________________ RFC: _____________________

CURP: ___________________________________ Occupation: ____________________

Marital Status: _____________________________ Favorite color: __________________

My physical description: ____________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

My personality: ___________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

My hobbies: ______________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

5
 1ª. Unidad
1.- PASADO SIMPLE DE VERBOS REGULARES E IRREGULARES

Activity 2. Identify the verbs that you find in the image and make a list in the table.

MEANING SIMPLE VERB SIMPLE PAST

6
Los verbos regulares e irregulares en inglés son de las primeras lecciones básicas cuando estás empezando a
aprender el idioma.

Los verbos son esenciales, ya que son el elemento en la frase que nos indica qué es lo que está pasando y nos da la
clave para comprender el resto del contexto. Sólo con el verbo ya podemos elaborar un mensaje completo, entregar
una información o transmitir una idea.

Diferencia entre verbos regulares e irregulares en inglés

Los verbos en inglés se dividen en regulares e irregulares. Los verbos regulares en inglés son aquellos que para
formar su tiempo pasado y participio solo necesitan añadir la terminación “ed”.
Ejemplo:

Presente Pasado simple Participio Traducción

Talk Talked Talked Hablar
Finish Finished Finished Terminar
Watch Watched Watched Ver

Activity 3 : Write the traduction of each Regular Verb.

Link Linked Linked

Contact Contacted Contacted
Phone Phoned Phoned
Mimic Mimicked Mimicked
Dial Dialled Dialled
Cry Cried Cried
Learn Learned / Learnt Learned / Learnt
Dream Dreamed / Dreamt Dreamed / Dreamt
Smell Smelled / Smelt Smelled / Smelt
Presente Pasado simple Participio Traducción
Open Opened Opened Abrir
Act Acted Acted Actuar
Thank Thanked Thanked Agradecer
Park Parked Parked Aparcar
Pass Passed Passed Aprobar
Help Helped Helped Ayudar
Dance Danced Danced Bailar
Kiss Kissed Kissed Besar
Change Changed Changed Cambiar
Walk Walked Walked Caminar
Marry Married Married Casarse
Close Closed Closed Cerrar
Cook Cooked Cooked Cocinar
Copy Copied Copied Copiar
Believe Believed Believed Creer
Spell spelled spelled Deletrear
Hope Hoped Hoped Desear
Wish Wished Wished Desear
Stop Stopped Stopped Detener
Enjoy Enjoyed Enjoyed Disfrutar
Wait Waited Waited Esperar
Study Studied Studied Estudiar
Explain Explained Explained Explicar
Miss Missed Missed Extrañar
7
 Sign Signed Signed Firmar
Smoke Smoked Smoked Fumar
Like Liked Liked Gustar
Talk Talked Talked Hablar
Imagine Imagined Imagined Imaginar
Try Tried Tried Intentar
Play Played Played Jugar
Wash Washed Washed Lavar
Clean Cleaned Cleaned Limpiar
Call Called Called Llamar
Arrive Arrived Arrived Llegar
Cry Cried Cried Llorar
Rain Rained Rained Llover
Kill Killed Killed Matar
Look Looked Looked Mirar
Die Died Died Morir
Stay Stayed Stayed Permanecer
Prefer Prefered Prefered Preferir
Ask Asked Asked Preguntar
Want Wanted Wanted Querer
Remember Remembered Remembered Recordar
Laugh Laughed Laughed Reir
Repeat Repeated Repeated Repetir
Breathe Breathed Breathed Respirar
Answer Answered Answered Responder
Dry Dried Dried Secar
Follow Followed Followed Seguir
Smile Smiled Smiled Sonreír
Happen Happened Happened Suceder
Touch Touched Touched Tocar
Work Worked Worked Trabajar
Use Used Used Usar
Dress Dressed Dressed Vestir
Visit Visited Visited Visitar
Verbos regulares en inglés:
Excepciones para conjugar los verbos regulares en inglés.

Si el verbo termina con vocal «E»:

Si el verbo termina con vocal «E», simplemente agregar terminación «D».
Ejemplos:
 Change – Changed.
 Decide – Decided.
 Love – Loved.

Si el verbo termina con vocal «Y»:

Si el verbo termina con la letra «Y», cambia la «Y» por la terminación «ied».
Ejemplos:
 Worry – Worried.
 Cry – Cried.
 Study – Studied.

Si el verbo termina en «Vocal + consonante»:

Si el verbo termina en «Vocal + consonante» y la entonación se enfatiza a final de palabra (lo que en castellano
llamaríamos “Palabra aguda”), entonces debes doblar la consonante final y añadir la terminación “ed”:
8
Ejemplos:
 Admit – Admitted.
 Stop – Stopped.
 Refer – Referred.

¿Cómo es la pronunciación de los verbos regulares en inglés?

Los pasados de los verbos regulares (“ed”) siempre se pronuncian, pero no siempre de la misma forma. Hay tres
formas básicas para pronunciar los pasados de los verbos regulares.
D T ED
En la mayoría de verbos se lee En los verbos acabados en ‘K’, ‘P’, En los verbos acabados en ‘T’ o ‘D’
como una ‘D’ ‘S’, ‘SH’, ‘CH’ y ‘F’ suena como se vocaliza como ‘ID’.
una ‘T’.
Clean- cleaned Finish-Finished Visit – visited
Play-Played Brush- Brushed Paint-Painted
Call-Called Watch-Watched Admit-Admited
Fill-Filled Kiss- Kissed Jump-Jumped
Stop-Stopped Start-Started

Verbos irregulares en inglés

Los verbos irregulares tienen diferentes formas para el pasado y participio de cada verbo, modifican su raíz por
completo, ya sea en su forma de pasado simple o participio o ambas. A diferencia de los verbos regulares, no hay
que incluirles –d o –ed, sino que su escritura cambia notablemente.

Ejemplo:

Presente Pasado simple Participio Traducción

Send Sent Sent Enviar
Take Took Taken Tomar
Swim Swam Swum Nadar

Activity 4 : Write the traduction of each Irregular Verb.

Infinitivo Pasado simple Participio Traducción

To be Was/Were Been
Become Became Become
Begin Began Begun
Break Broke Broken
Buy Bought Bought
Come Came Come
Do Did Done
Dream Dreamt Dreamt
Drink Drank Drunk
Drive Drove Driven
Eat Ate Eaten
Forget Forgot Forgotten
Get Got Got/Gotten
Give Gave Given
Go Went Gone
Have Had Had
Hear Heard Heard
Know Knew Known
Lear Learnt Learnt

9
 Make Made Made
Pay Paid Paid
Run Ran Run
Say Said Said
Sell Sold Sold
Sing Sang Sung
Sleep Slept Slept
Speak Spoke Spoken
Take Took Taken
Win Won Won
Write Wrote Written

Activity 5. Directions: Circle the verb in each sentence. Then write a R if the verb is Regular or I if the verb is Irregular
on the middle line.

Yesterday, Rosy lost her cell phone here.

1.- __________
Melanie worked a lot.
2.- __________
Paulo brought the ball to Leslie.
3.- __________
Sophie threw the rock so far.
4.- __________
We waited for weeks.
5.- __________
The police officer needed a new pair of sunglasses.
6.- __________
She found her cat in the garden.
7.- __________
My sister helped me with my dance steps.
8.- __________
I practiced soccer every weekend.
9.- __________
You forgot your snickers in your home.
10.- __________

Activity 6 : Complete the story by writing the past tense of the verbs from the box.

sleep stay be take go

Joseph and Jessica (1) for Aguascalientes Friday night. It (2) __two
hours to arrive in Aguascalientes. It (3) an exciting trip. They (4) ___ in
a hotel the first night. The next two days, they (5) ____at a friend’s house.

visit have eat enjoy play hang out

On Saturday morning they (6) _ soccer. In the afternoon they (7) _____________to the “City
Hall”. They really (8) it. On Saturday night they (9)_______________dinner in a
restaurant and (10) the famous Enchiladas Hidrocálidas. Later, they
(11) _____________ downtown.

dance buy stop by meet celebrate sing

On Sunday morning they (12)_______________guava candies. Also they (13) ______________ the Guadalupe

10
 Posada´s Museum. At night, they (14) ________________their aunt´s birthday. They (15) ___________new
friends, they (16) _____________salsa and (17) ______________lots of songs. What a funny weekend!

Activity 7 : Complete the crossword writing the verbs in past tense.

REVIEW
Activity 8: Use a highlighter to mark the verb in each sentence. Then choose one of these emoticons: 😊 for
regular verbs or for irregular verbs.
1. Last year, we visited Mayan peninsula.
2. We traveled by car from CDMX to reach up there.
3. My dad drove from Palenque, Chiapas to Tabasco.
4. We saw an amazing sunrise in Ciudad del Carmen.
5. We could not watch dolphins on Laguna de Términos.
6. My sister slept all the way through the Mayan route.
7. There we heard about the Mayan Train.
8. Once in Quintana Roo, we felt excited.
9. We spent good time in Chiapas, Tabasco, Campeche, Yucatán and Quintana
Roo.

11
 10. Cancun got our hearts at first glance.

2.- PASADO DEL VERBO TO BE WAS/WERE

El verbo to be en past simple es un verbo irregular, que es útil para contar anécdotas y hablar de tu vida, (se traduce
como: yo fui / estuve / era / estaba, tú fuiste / estuviste / eras / estabas, etc.).

AFIRMATIVO NEGATIVO INTERROGATIVO

I was I wasn’t Was I...?
You were You weren’t Were you…?
He / She / It was He / She / It wasn’t Was he / she / it…?
We/You/They were We /You/They weren’t Were we/you/they...?

Ejemplos:
Explicación Sujeto Affirmative Negative Interrogative
Was significa era o I / He / I was six in elementary The song wasn’t in Was the teacher in
estaba. Es la forma She / It school someyears ago. spotify aminute ago. the chat ateleven?
pasada que se
utiliza con las My family was in my The computer wasn’t Was the meet session
siguientes house in 2020. in myhouse last on time?
personas. semester.
The book was on sale
yesterday.
Were significa eran We/You / The brothers were in The posters weren’t Were the teachers at
o estaban. Es la They high school. in googleclassroom a schoollast
forma pasada que month ago. September?
se utiliza con las You were in your
siguientes bedroom with your The students weren’t Were you in the
personas. cellphone last night. inschool last year. kitchen thismorning?
Este verbo habla de un estado o una situación en pasado (por ejemplo, ¿cómo te sentiste?), y puede servir para
describir las cosas.

Por ejemplo:
(+) The party was amazing! (¡La fiesta fue increíble!).
(+) We were really happy! (¡Todos estábamos súper contentos!).
(?) Were you sad yesterday? (¿Estabas triste ayer?).
(?) Was it your birthday on Sunday? (¿Fue tu cumpleaños el domingo?).
(-) The party wasn´t amazing? (¡La fiesta no fue increíble!).
(-) We weren´t really happy? (¡Nosotros no estábamos súper contentos!).

OTRO USO DEL VERBO TO BE

El verbo to be se denomina a veces en inglés “linking verb”, o sea, verbo copulativo, que sirve esencialmente para
unir el sujeto (normalmente una persona u otro sustantivo) con un atributo o palabra que ofrece más información
sobre ese sujeto. Observa esta frase:

-Their house was enormous (Su casa era enorme).

En esta oración, “was” (pasado del verbo to be) no expresa ninguna acción, sino que nos enlaza sencillamente el
sujeto (Their house) con un adjetivo que describe el tamaño de la casa en algún momento del pasado.

12
Hay varias estructuras muy interesantes con was o were que puedes adaptar a distintos contextos, según tus
necesidades, como por ejemplo “sujeto + was o were + adjetivo + to + infinitivo”:

-It was great to visit the Art Gallery. (Fue estupendo visitar el Museo de Arte).
-It was exciting to go on the Roller Coaster ride. (Fue emocionante montarnos en la montaña rusa).
-The children were happy to meet new friends at their new school. (Los niños estaban felices por hacer nuevos
amigos en su nuevo colegio).

Puesto que este verbo sirve para aportar información sobre personas y cosas, podemos utilizarlo con cantidades, con
empleos o con objetos que nos pertenecieron en el pasado:

-Look at that house over there. It was mine! I sold it last year (¡Mira esa casa de ahí! ¡Era mía! ¡La vendí el año
pasado!).
-She was a teacher for ten years (Fue profesora durante diez años).
-How much was the pizza? It was $18.00 (¿Cuánto costó la pizza? ¡Fueron $18.00!).

Activity 9. Complete the sentences using the proper form of verb to be in simple past (+) or (-).

1. We having fun in our last vacation. (+)

2. My sister her birthday in the Yucatan Peninsula. (-)
3. My parents so happy visiting Cenotes in Yucatán. (+)
4. I nervous before entering the Grutas de Lol-Tun. (-)
5. We happy to discover the fascinating Mayan world. (-)
6. Our Mayan guide a great storyteller. (+)
7. Our group invited to meet a Mayan priest. (-)
8. Our hotel so crowded. (+)
9. Mayan gastronomy a great discovery. (+)
10. Tulum sightseeing tour one of the best part of our vacation. (+)

Example using was.

(+) Alan was a good soccer player.

(-) Alan wasn´t a good soccer player.
(?+) Was Alan a good soccer player?
(?-) Wasn´t Alan a good soccer player?
(A+)Yes, he was.
(A-) No, he wasn´t.
(Wh?) Who was a good player soccer?
(Wh? A) Alan

Example using were.

(+) Margaret and Paty were in the cafeteria yesterday.

(-) Margaret and Paty were in the cafeteria yesterday.
(?+) Were Margaret and Paty in the cafeteria yesterday.
(?-) Weren´t Margaret and Paty in the cafeteria yesterday.?
(A+)Yes, they were.
(A-) No they weren´t.
(Wh?) Who were in the cafeteria yesterday?
(Wh? A) Margaret and Paty
(Wh?) When were Margaret and Paty in the cafeteria?
(Wh? A) Yesteday
13
Activity 10: Invent your 3 own sentences like the examples.

1.- (+)

(-)

(?+)

(?-)

(A+)

(A-)

(Wh?)

(Wh?A)

2.- (+)

(-)

(?+)

(?-)

(A+)

(A-)

(Wh?)

(Wh?A)

3.- (+)

(-)

(?+)

(?-)

(A+)

(A-)

(Wh?)

(Wh?A)

Excepciones y frases especiales

Hemos visto que el verbo to be describe estados y situaciones, así que no olvides que esto no solo es de aplicación
cuando hablamos de cómo estábamos o cómo nos sentíamos, sino también de qué tiempo hacía en algún momento
pasado. De modo que si quieres describir el frío que hacía ayer… adivina, ¿qué tendrás que usar? ¡Sí, was o were!
Aquí tienes algunos ejemplos sobre este tipo de situaciones en los que es fácil cometer errores al traducir del español:

¡Hacía mucho frío ayer! It was freezing yesterday!

14
 ¡Tenía las manos heladas! My hands were really cold!

Hacía sol el jueves. It was sunny on Thursday.

¡Los niños tenían muchísima hambre a la hora de The children were starving at
comer! lunchtime!

Activity 11: Complete the sentences using past of the verb to be.

1. Last winter _________ so cold!

2. What _____________ you doing at 9 p.m. yesterday?
3. Traduce: Hacía mucho viento el martes. _____________________________________________
4. When I _________ twelve years old I watched Scooby Doo!
5. There ________ about 50 people at my sister’s wedding.
6. Traduce: ¿Dónde estuviste ayer?
_____________________________________________

Activity 12: Review to be in Simple Past: Red Ridding Hood Story: Relate the picture with the sentences:

____ The mother was with the little girl in

the morning.

____ The girl wasn´t alone in the woods in

the afternoon.

____ Was the door next to the window in

granny´s house?

____ The wolf and the girl were nect to each

other granny´s house last weekend.

____ The eyeglasses weren´t on the wolf

when it roared.

____ Were the man and the wolf happy at

the end of the story?

3.- USO DE: THERE WAS/ THERE WERE

THERE WAS/ THERE WERE

También podemos hablar de la existencia de algo en el pasado usando “there was” (en singular) y “there were”
(para el plural), con el sentido de “haber”. Así, podríamos describir nuestro barrio diciendo:

-When I was younger there were fewer cars in the streets and in my street there was only one small shop (Cuando
yo era joven había menos coches por las calles, y en la mía solo había una tienda pequeña).

15
O hablar de un sitio que hemos visitado así:

-Rome was wonderful! There were loads of great shops and there was a fantastic traditional Italian
restaurant (¡Roma era maravillosa! ¡Había montones de tiendas estupendas, y un restaurante tradicional italiano
fabuloso!).

Los aspectos importantes que debemos tener en cuenta son los siguientes:
 Es importante que conozcas el verbo To Be (forma en pasado) ya que te ayudará a comprender mejor las
formas usadas en este tiempo.
 Recuerda que el verbo 'haber' en español es impersonal y por lo tanto no hay diferencia entre singular y
plural. Sin embargo, en inglés sí distinguimos entre singular y plural.

 Este verbo suele combinarse con las partículas some y Any para indicar cantidad

Recuerda cuál es la estructura básica:

Afirmativo Negativo Interrogativo

There was a + sustantivo There wasn’t + sustantivo Was there a / any + sustantivo
en singular en singular en singular...?

There were + sustantivo There weren’t + sustantivo Were there any + sustantivo en
en plural en plural plural...?

Grammar: Forma y uso de There was / There were - Lee y analiza atentamente las formas de los verbos y sus
ejemplos.
Explicación Affirmative Negative Interrogative
Significa había. Se There was a bookshelf. There wasn’t a table. Was there a picture?
usa para singular There was a teddy bear. There wasn’t a Was there a desk?
(una sola cosa) y computer.
pasado.
Significa habían. Se There were two There weren’t posters. Were there books?
usa para plural windows. There weren’t curtains. Were there chairs?
(varios objetos) y There were plants.
pasado.

Activity 13: Underline the correct answer for each sentence.

There was / There were three plants.
There was / There were a desk.
Affirmative
There was / There were beautiful posters.
There was / There were a mat.
There wasn’t / There weren’t two chairs.
There wasn’t / There weren’t a clock.
Negative
There wasn’t / There weren’t a perfume.
There wasn’t / There weren’t pillows.
Was there / Were there books?
Was there / Were there pictures?
Interrogative
Was there / Were there a window?
Was there / Were there a computer?

16
Activity 14: Identify and underline the forms There was and there were. Read the passage and write T if the
statements are True or F if the statements are False in the table according to the passage.

UNDERGROUND CITIES

In Cappadocia, Turkey there are over 200 ancient cities under the ground. Some of
these cities are about three thousand years old. There are secret passages between the cities. The
passages are sometimes many kilometers long. Nobody lives there anymore but a lot of people
visit them and they are very famous. They are a tourist attraction.

In the past, however, there were thousands of people living in the underground
cities, there were houses, kitchens, shops, churches, schools and places to keep the animals and
food. What was the reason for these mysterious places? Three thousand years ago, people were
frightened of the cold winters and of the wild animal above the ground. Years later, people were
frightened of the Romans, and the cities were good places to hide.

It probably wasn´t fun living for months, or even years, in these dark places. There
wasn´t any electricity and there weren´t any sports centers, cinemas, parks, stadiums or other
exciting places to go. But today Cappadocia is an amazing place to visit.

True or False?
The cities in Cappadocia are a hundred years old.
The underground cities in Cappadocia are around 3000 years old.
These cities are connected with short passages.
Many famous people live there.
There weren´t any schools in these mysterious cities.
There wasn´t food in these cities.
Underground cities were safe in winter
Underground cities were bright places
It was very exciting to live in these cities for a long time

17
Activity 15: Match the adjectives used in the passage with their synonyms.

1. Ancient ( ) a) Popular
2. Famous ( ) b) Obscure
3. Mysterious ( ) c) Enigmatic
4. Frightened ( ) d) Savage
5. Wild ( ) e) Fun
6. Dark ( ) f) Scared
7. Excitin ( ) g) Wonderful
8. Amazing ( ) h) Very Old

Activity 16: Describe the next bedroom in a text with 30 words like example.

Describe el siguiente cuarto en un texto de 30 palabras de acuerdo al ejemplo. Después, en tu cuaderno, haz un dibujo
y escribe una descripción de cómo era tu cuarto cuando eras niño/a en un texto de 30 palabras.

Present
There is a bed. The bed is big. (Hay una cama. La cama es
grande)
There are two pillows. The pillows are soft. (Hay 2 almohadas.
Las almohadas están suaves)
Past
There was a bed. The bed was big. (Había una cama. La cama
era grande)
There were two pillows. The pillows were soft. (Había 2
almohadas. Las almohadas eran suaves.)

Activity 17: Draw and describe your bedroom when you were a child with 30 words. The text should be in past.

18
REVIEW:
Activity 18: THINK about this. Underline “was” or “were” (CONSIDER THE PAST CONTEXT)

A hundred years ago...

1. There was / were fewer cars in the cities.
2. There wasn´t / weren´t healthy food.
3. There was / were less technology.
4. There was / were fewer universities.
5. There was / were less pollution.
6. There was / were more children.
7. There wasn’t / weren’t any computers at schools.
8. There wasn’t / weren’t any cell phones.
9. Was / Were any international companies in Mexico?
10. Was / Were any mortal diseases in the world?

4.- PASADO SIMPLE (+), (-), (?) AND WH QUESTION

The past tense or the preterite, expresses completed actions in the recent and distant past. It is the basic past tense
in English grammar. We form this tense with the past simple form of the main verb and did, the past simple form
of the auxiliary verb do.
USES
● To express completed action in the past :
I saw a scary ghost last night.
● To describe series of completed actions in the past:
I finished my homework, drink a cup of coffee and watched a horror movie.
● To express habits in the past
When I was a little girl I used to watch cartoons after school for hours

STRUCTURE:

TO BE VERBS

+ S + was/ were + v + c + Verb – ed

They were friends when they She danced in the festival last

- S + was/ were +not+ v + c - S + did not /didn’t + verb + c

Richard wasn´t teacher in Marco didn´t go to the park

? S + was/ were + v + c+ ? ? Did + s + v + c + ?

Were Sandra and Lucy friends? Did you do your English

19
 Yes/No questions with short answers Example:

YES/NO SHORT ANSWERS Did you see the film?

QUESTIONS
Did + subj + Yes + subj + did Yes, I did.
verb+ c+? No, + subj + didn´t No, I didn’t.

Wh-questions
Wh question + did + subj + verb + ?.

TIME EXPRESSION FOR SIMPLE PAST TENSE

ago last yesterday
10 minutes ago last night yesterday
an hour ago last Sunday yesterday morning
three days ago last week yesterday afternoon
a week ago last weekend yesterday evening
a month ago last year the day before yesterday
a year ago last month

EXAMPLE:
Last week a girl from Tokio, Japan joined our class. She came in, introduced herself, and began to talk about
her country and its traditions. She showed us where she was from on a map that was in the classroom. While
she was talking about her home town, the school bell suddenly rang.
If I spoke Japanese, I would love to go on a holiday to Japan with my family.

La semana pasada se unió a nuestra clase una chica de Tokio, Japón. Entró, se presentó y empezó a hablar
de su país y sus tradiciones. Nos mostró de dónde era en un mapa que estaba en el salón de clases.
Mientras hablaba de su ciudad natal, la campana de la escuela sonó de repente.
Si hablara japonés, me encantaría ir de vacaciones a Japón con mi familia.

20
Activity 1 9 : Complete the sentences with the simple past tense.

Affirmative Form

1. They _____(eat) delicious vegetables from the farm.

2. Last evening he____________ (watch) the TV before going to bed.
3. My granny _______(sing) in a band when she was a child.
4. I (visit) my relatives in Canada the last summer.
5. She (return) home by car yesterday.

Change the affirmative sentences into the negative simple past tense form.
6. Mark read the latest Harry Potter book.
__________________________________________________________
7. My mom walked Diana’s dogs last night.
__________________________________________________________
8. Carl and Fred went fishing last Saturday.
__________________________________________________________
9. Sharon tidied her room yesterday afternoon.
__________________________________________________________
10.-I rode a scooter yesterday afternoon.
__________________________________________________________

Interrogative Form
Make question sentences with the simple past tense
11.when / Peter / to buy / a new car /?
___________________________________________________________
12.what / She / to have / for lunch/?
______________________________________________________________
13.know / the party/ you/Did/?
___________________________________________________________
14.she/say/Did/anything/?
___________________________________________________________
15. a girl/ China/ our class/ Did/ from/to join/last week?
___________________________________________________________

21
Activity 20. Reading Simple past tense Find the mistakes. This story has lots of mistakes. There are 33 verbs in the
wrong tense! Underline them.

Can you find them all: circle them up!

I wake up at 7:00 a.m. this morning and I get out of my bed. It is a fresh and beautiful day! The sun was shining
and the wind was blowing. I decide that I would go for a walk to dowtown. I start by walking down my road. I push
open my gate and close it behind me. I walk for kilometers and kilometers along a beautiful country road. Ieven visit
my grandmother. Along the way I pass a young pretty lady selling fruit. ‘How much are the pineapple with
watermelon bags?’ I ask, “$40 pesos for a bag” she say. I pay the lady and I continue to walk. I eat all of the fruits
except for one, which I drop on the ground, they are delicious.

After a while I meet a man, this man have a donkey. The donkey was a little bit tired, as I could see, and...Oh my
god! it have blue eyes. ‘What is his name?’ I ask the man. “His name is Joe,” say the man and they stayed there for
a few minutes.

I realized that I walk for a very long time, because soon the sun begin to go down. It is beautiful! I thought,I love
sunsets. I get home at about 7:30. I is very tired, normally I go to bed at 9:00 p.m. I washed my teeth, put on my
pyjamas, rub my hands together and went straight to bed. As soon as my head hit the pillow I fall asleep. That is the
best walk of my life, I love it. The next day I call my daughter and tell her all about it.

Rewrite the story with the correct form of the verbs in past simple tense.

22
REVIEW:
Activity 21. Practice your English Writing skills Answer the questions about you. Use the past simple in your answers.

1.What did you do yesterday?

2.What time did you go to bed last night?

3.What time did you get up this morning?

4.What did you have for breakfast this morning?

5.What time did you arrive in class today?

6.What did you watch on TV yesterday?

7.How much money did you spend yesterday?

8.Did you go on-line this morning?

Una frase entera sería así:

-I contacted the company last week (Contacté con la empresa la semana pasada).
-Juan phoned the office at 2 p.m. (Juan llamó a la oficina a las 14.00).

La estructura de la oración sigue un patrón básico. Si te das cuenta de cuál es y lo recuerdas resulta más sencillo
aplicarlo para elaborar tus propias frases. Para ello, la tabla siguiente te servirá de modelo (y para ver cómo el orden
de las palabras no siempre coincide con el español):
Sujeto Verbo +-d / -ed Object (complemento directo / indirecto) Complemento circunstancial
/ complemento circunstancial
Maria Called me me last Saturday.
Maria llamó el sábado pasado.
We landed in Orlando in the evening.
Aterrizamos en Orlando por la tarde.
My parents joined us for dinner.
Mis padres se unieron a nosotros para la cena.

Por supuesto, no siempre hablamos en afirmativo, por lo que es importante saber expresarnos igualmente en
negativo y quizá más saber hacer preguntas. Veamos primero las oraciones negativas.

Negativo
Probablemente ya sepas que en inglés, con frecuencia, necesitamos un verbo auxiliar, que es el que nos indica qué
tiempo estamos usando. Y en la oración negativa este auxiliar, el verbo “to do”, debe aparecer. En presente sus
formas son “do” y, en la tercera persona del singular, “does”, que probablemente ya conocías. Y, en pasado simple,
lo mejor es que solo tiene una forma para todas las personas: “did”.
Aquí tienes unos cuantos ejemplos de oraciones negativas con verbos regulares en pasado simple:

Sujeto Auxiliar (did + not) Infinitivo Object (complemento directo / indirecto)

Jaime didn't collect the package.
Jaime no recogió el paquete.
I didn't download the app.
No descargué la aplicación.

23
En estas frases queda claro, gracias a “didn't”, que nos referimos a un hecho o una acción del pasado. Por supuesto,
en escritos formales puedes usar en su lugar la forma desarrollada, “did not”, pero al hablar empleamos casi siempre
la contracción, a menos que queramos ser enfáticos, como en “I did not jam the photocopier!!” (“¡Que yo no atasqué
la fotocopiadora!”).

Interrogativo
Pasemos ahora a las preguntas. Tengo una fórmula secreta que voy a compartir contigo para que hacer preguntas
en pasado simple sea coser y cantar. ¡Vas a ser capaz de construirlas sin problemas… ASI o QUASI!

Lo principal es fijarse en el patrón que siguen las oraciones interrogativas, y ese es el secreto tanto de ASI como de
QUASI. Déjame que te enseñe a qué me refiero:

Auxiliar Sujeto Infinitivo Object(complemento directo / Complemento

indirecto) circunstancial
Did you check your emails yesterday?
¿Miraste tus correos electrónicos ayer?
Did Sandra photocopy the document?
¿Sandra fotocopió el documento?
Did Javi ask Xisca?
¿Javi preguntó a Xisca?
Verás que los tres primeros elementos de la pregunta en inglés son Auxiliar, Sujeto e Infinitivo. ¡Bien! De modo que,
para empezar con buen pie tu oración, solo tienes que recordar este orden: ASI.

“¿Y qué hay del QUASI?”, dirás. ¿Sabes a qué se alude “QU”? Claro, a las “question words”, esas palabras y
expresiones que empleamos para preguntar dónde, cuándo, qué, a qué hora…: where, when, what, what time, etc.
Observa cuál es la estructura cuando las incluimos:

Question word Auxiliar Sujeto Infinitivo Complemento

circunstancial
What time did you finish yesterday?
¿A qué hora terminasteis ayer?
Which did they visit in Rome?
monuments visitaron en Roma?
¿Qué
monumentos

Example:

24
Las llamadas “object questions”, que preguntan por el objeto en el que repercute la acción (nuestros complementos
directo e indirecto), siguen este esquema de “QUASI”, tan habitual en las preguntas, como vemos a continuación:

Question Auxiliar Sujeto Infinitivo Complemento circunstancial

word
Who did you call yesterday?
¿A quién llamaste ayer?

En este ejemplo, el objeto del verbo “call” es “John”, como puedes comprobar en la respuesta a la pregunta:

Sujeto Verbo+- Objeto

ed
I called John.
(Llamé a
John).

Eso sí, aunque ese es el orden típico para construir estas frases, también hay preguntas que siguen un orden
diferente, como las “subject questions”, que preguntan por el sujeto, y en las que el orden cambia ligeramente:

Question word Verbo + -ed Object (complemento Complemento

directo / indirecto) circunstancial
Who called you yesterday?
¿Quién te llamó ayer?
What happened?
¿Qué pasó?
Como puedes ver, no hay auxiliar en estas preguntas, sino que el verbo principal vuelve a estar en
su forma en pasado simple, con su terminación en “-d” o “-ed”.

Las respuestas a estas preguntas serían:

Sujeto verbo + -ed Object (complemento directo Complemento circunstancial

/ indirecto)
1. Santi called me yesterday.
(Santi me llamó ayer)
2.Nothing happened.
(No pasó nada).

Examples using simple Past in positive or negative sentencences, questios and answers and WH questions.

(+) Kevin and Susan drank a coffee in the cafeteria yesterday.

(-)Kevin and Susan didn´t drink a coffee in the cafeteria yesterday.
(?+)Did Kevin and Susan drink a coffee in the cafeteria yesterday?
(?-)Didn´t Kevin and Susan drink a coffee in the cafeteria yesterday?
(A+)Yes, they did.
(A-) No they didn´t.
(Wh?) Who did drink a coffee in the cafeteria yesterday?
(Wh? A) Kevin and Susan.
(Wh?) What did Kevin and Susan drink in the cafeteria yesterday?
(Wh? A) A coffee.
(Wh?) What did Kevin and Susan do in the cafeteria yesterday?
(Wh? A) They drink a coffee.
(Wh?) When did Kevin and Susan drink a coffee in the cafeteria?
(Wh? A) Yesterday

25
(+) The dog ate croquettes in its house last weekend.
(-)The dog didn´t eat croquettes in its house last weekend.
(?+)Did the dog eat croquettes in its house last weekend?
(?-)Didn´t the dog eat croquettes in its house last weekend?
(A+)Yes, it did.
(A-) No it didn´t.
(Wh?) Who did eat croquettes in its house last weekend?
(Wh? A) The dog.
(Wh?) What did the dog eat in its house last weekend?
(Wh? A) Ate Croquettes.
(Wh?) What did the dog do in its house last weekend?
(Wh? A) It ate croquettes.
(Wh?) When did the dog eat croquettes in its house?
(Wh? A) Last weekend.

Activity 22: Invent your 3 own sentences like the examples.

1.- (+)

(-)

(?+)

(?-)

(A+)

(A-)

(Wh?)

(Wh?A)

2.- (+)

(-)

(?+)

(?-)

(A+)

(A-)

(Wh?)

(Wh?A)

3.- (+)

(-)

(?+)

(?-)

(A+)

(A-)

(Wh?) (Wh?A)

26
NOTA: Solo como información para que lo consideres en tu aprendizaje “Errores frecuentes”:
Una vez que ya has aprendido a utilizar los verbos regulares en pasado simple, puedes caer en el error de añadir los
sufijos “-d” o “-ed” a diestro y siniestro, incluso a verbos que son irregulares, así que debes tener cuidado para no
inventarte tu propia versión del pasado simple en estos verbos:
-Fui a ver el partido de fútbol. (go)
I goed to the football match. ✗
I went to the football match. ✓

-Ayer compramos muchas cosas. (buy)

We buyed a lot yesterday. ✗
We bought a lot yesterday. ✓

Otro error bastante más común entre los estudiantes es construir preguntas en inglés en
pasado siguiendo las estructuras sintácticas y gramaticales de su lengua materna. Veamos algunos ejemplos; fíjate
bien en ellos y piensa dónde están los errores y por qué:

-Delivered Amazon the book on Saturday? ✗

Aquí el hablante ha traducido literalmente su idea (¿Entregó Amazon el libro el sábado?), siguiendo el orden
sintáctico de la frase en español palabra por palabra, con un verbo en pasado simple y omitiendo el auxiliar (Did),
que es el que debe ir en pasado para que la pregunta sea gramaticalmente correcta en inglés: Did Amazon deliver
the book on Saturday? Claramente, no ha seguido el orden de “ASI” .
1.-Did you learned the verbs yesterday? ✗
2.-Do you finished the report? ✗

¿Has detectado los errores en estos dos ejemplos? En la primera frase, el estudiante ha aplicado a rajatabla la regla
de añadir el sufijo “-ed” al verbo principal para formar el pasado simple de los verbos regulares, pero ha olvidado
que eso solo ocurre en las frases afirmativas. Cuando hacemos una pregunta, en cambio, es el auxiliar el que va en
pasado, mientras que el verbo principal se pone en infinitivo (Did you learn the verbs yesterday?).
En la segunda, ha usado incorrectamente de nuevo el verbo principal en pasado y además ha añadido el auxiliar
“do”, que es el que llevan las preguntas… ¡en presente! (lo correcto sería “Did you finish the report?”).

Puede que a veces te sorprenda encontrar verbos regulares en pasado simple junto al verbo “to be”. Lo que pasa
es que hay algunos adjetivos que tienen la misma forma que el verbo en pasado simple. ¡A ver si eres capaz de
identificar quién es quién!
A. I was surprised by the noise.
B. I surprised my friend at the party.
¿Dónde crees que hay un verbo en pasado simple, en la primera frase o en la segunda? Sí, es en la segunda (Le di
una sorpresa a mi amigo en la fiesta). Y lo sabemos con seguridad porque un verbo en pasado simple nunca va junto
al verbo “to be”. En cambio, en la primera frase (que en español se podría traducir como “Estaba sorprendida por el
ruido” o también como “Me sorprendió el ruido”) nos encontramos el verbo “to be” en pasado, por lo que ese
“surprised” no puede ser otro verbo en pasado simple.

REVIEW
Activity 23: Answer the sentences.
1.- _____________ you contact the office last week?
2.- I ________________ (answer) the email as soon as possible.
3.- Traduce: Entregaron el paquete el viernes pasado.______________________________________________
4.- She didn’t ______________________(- come) to school again.
5.- Traduce: ¿A qué hora llamaste? _____________________________________________________________
6.- He _________________ (write) me an e-mail two days ago.
7.- We _________________(go) to Spain last summer.
27
8.- Traduce: ¿Quién descargó esta aplicación? ____________________________________________________
9.- They ________________(-play) computer games yesterday.
10.- When I was young, I _______________(play) tennis every day.

Activity 24: Remember your childhood, make a drawing and write a little paragraph about yourself using the
grammar that you learn in this unit.

28
Activity 25: Practice your listening and answer the questions.

https://www.cambridgeenglish.org/learning-english/activities-for-learners/b1l003-listening-for-detail

29
 Good Job!

Notes:

30