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Destructivos
• Ing. Minero Metalúrgica
Unidad de Trabajo I
Ensayo de Impacto
ASTM E23 Standard Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic Materials
La norma ASTM E23 describe las pruebas de impacto de probetas metálicas entalladas. La norma
hace referencia tanto a Charpy como a Izod y describe los métodos de ensayo para medir la
energía absorbida por el espécimen.
• La ductilidad es la capacidad de deformación hasta rotura de un
material.
En general, las aleaciones con alta resistencia (YS & UTS) y ductilidad
(%εfracture) se consideran tiene una energia de impacto grande.
Ductile to Brittle Transition
The results of impact tests are absorbed energy, usually as a function of
temperature.
The ABSORBED ENERGY vs. TEMPERATURE curves for many materials
will show a sharp decrease when the temperature is lowered to some point.
This point is called the ductile to brittle transition temperature.
As Mn ↑, Eimpact ↑, DBTT ↓
For steels: As %C↑ ⇒ σy↑, σTS↑,
H ↑, % El ↓ and TT ↑
- This can be countered by adding
Manganese - Mn : C should be 3:1
- Phosphorous increases TT ,
Oxygen in steel increases TT :
- semi-killed (add Si) and
- fully-killed (add Si +Al) to
remove oxygen
Very poor toughness!
70
0.4C-3Mn-2Si
60
50
Charpy impact / J
40
30
20
10
0
-200 -100 0 100 200
Test temperature / °C
Rolled and forged
products may have varying
impact behaviour due to
grain orientation.