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ò
d
W= P1 dd1
0
Energía de Deformación
Inelástica
(Energía Disipada o Liberada)
EA PL
K= , podemos representar el desplazamiento como: d=
L EA
Si la energía de deformación elástica es igual al área bajo la curva P vs. d :
PdPd
UU ==2
2
d
Entonces podemos representarla en función de la carga P, la rigidez K y el
desplazamiento d, de cualquiera de las siguientes formas:
P 2L P2 kd 2 EAd 2
U= U= U= U=
2EA 2k 2 2L
La Energía Interna de Deformación (Strain Energy) puede expresarse también en
función del esfuerzo, la deformación unitaria y el volumen como:
1
u = s e V ; Donde: V =
2
1
ud = s e ;
2
1s2
ud =
2 E
Resiliencia Elástica: “Modulus of Resilience”
ENERGÍA ABSORBIDA POR UN MATERIAL DURANTE LA DEFORMACIÓN ELÁSTICA.
PUEDE RECUPERARSE AL DESCARGAR EL MATERIAL. ESTE VALOR ES LA ENERGÍA POR
UNIDAD DE VOLUMEN REQUERIDA PARA LLEVAR EL MATERIAL DESDE UN ESFUERZO
NULO HASTA EL VALOR DE ESFUERZO DE FLUENCIA O LIMITE ELÁSTICO.
1
ur = s pl epl
2
1 s pl
2
=
2 E
Módulo de Tenacidad (“Modulus of Toughness”)
lateral strain e¢
n =-
axial strain
=-
e e¢ = -ne
=0
=0
=0
z
x =0
e x = ey ¹ 0
SOLUTION:
lbf
s = s eng (1+ eeng ) = 20,000
2 (
1+ 0.02) = 20,400 psi
in
No es necesario obtener def. unitaria lateral
II. What is the true strain?
a) 0.0182 in/in (0.0182mm/mm)
b) 0.0189 in/in (0.0189mm/mm)
c) 0.0194 in/in (0.0194mm/mm)
d) 0.0198 in/in (0.0198mm/mm)
SOLUTION:
mm
etrue = In(1+ eeng ) = In(1+ 0.020) = 0.0198
mm
A graph of engineering stress-strain is shown. Poisson’s
ratio for material is 0.3.
0.5
II. The elastic modulus is most nearly:
a) 2.4 x 106 lbf/in2 (17GPa)
b) 2.7 x 106 lbf.in2 (19GPa)
c) 2.9 x 106 lbf/in2 (20GPa)
d) 3.0 x 106 lbf/in2 (21GPa)
SOLUTION:
æ lbf ö
ç60,000 2 ÷
stress è in ø
E= = = 3x106
strain 0.02
III. The ultimate strength is:
a. 72,000 lbf/in2 (500MPa)
b. 76,000 lbf/in2 (530MPa)
c. 80,000 lbf/in2 (550MPa)
d. 84,000 lbf/in2 (590MPa)
SOLUTION:
IV. The fracture strength is most nearly:
a. 40,000 lbf/in2 (275MPa)
b. 70,000 lbf/in2 (480MPa)
c. 76,000 lbf/in2 (530MPa)
d. 84,000 lbf/in2 (590MPa)
SOLUTION:
V. The Resilience modulus is most nearly:
a. 600 in-lbf/in3 (4.12 MJ/m3)
b. 700 in-lbf/in3 (4.8 MJ/m3)
c. 800 in-lbf/in3 (5.5 MJ/m3)
d. 900 in-lbf/in3 (6.2 MJ/m3)
1 1 æ in ö lbf
2
( è
)
UR = s y ey = 60,000psi ç0.02 ÷ = 600 2
2 in ø in
VI. The Toughness modulus is most nearly:
a. 8000 in-lbf/in3 (56 MJ/m3)
b. 5100 in-lbf/in3 (35 MJ/m3)
c. 6000 in-lbf/in3 (42 MJ/m3)
d. 6100 in-lbf/in3 (6.3 MJ/m3)
æ in ö lbf
( ) ( )
UR = 20,000psi ç0.01 ÷ 25.5 = 5100 2
è in ø in
The plug has a diameter of 30mm and fits within a rigid sleeve having an
inner diameter of 32mm. Both are 50mm long. Determine the axial pressure
p that must be applied to the top of the plug to cause it to contact the sides
of the sleeve. Also, how far must the plug be compressed downward in
order to do this? The plug is made from a material from which E = 5MPa
and n = 0.45.
Problem 9. The plug shown is made from a material from which E = 5MPa and n = 0.45.
The plug has a diameter of 30mm and fits within a rigid sleeve having an inner diameter
of 32mm. Both are 50mm long. The axial pressure p that must be applied to the top of
the plug to cause it to contact the sides of the sleeve is most nearly
a) 1100 KPa
b) 450 KPa
c) 740 KPa
d) 800 KPa
Solution:
Problem 10. How far must the plug be compressed downward in order to do
this?
a) 5 mm
b) 7 mm
c) 10 mm
d) 13 mm
Solution:
Problem: The two bars are made of polystyrene which has the stress-
strain diagram shown. The material remains in the elastic range. If the
cross sectional area of bar AB is 1.5 in2 and BC is 4 in2, determine the
largest force P that can be supported before any member ruptures.
Assume that buckling does not occur.
89
Solution:
Cont.:
Cont.: