UNIVERSIDAD DE GUAYAQUIL

FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA QUÍMICA

CARRERA DE INGENIERÍA DE LA PRODUCCIÓN
SEGUNDO PARCIAL

NIVEL: 3
ASIGNATURA: ALGEBRA LINEAL PR
PARALELO: IPR-S-MA-3-1
PERIODO: CICLO I. PERIODO 2020-2021
PROFESOR: ING. YURI HUMBERTO MERIZALDE ZAMORA
NOMBRE: KENNETH EDUARDO MOSQUERA CRUZ

DEBER 1 MATRICES

1. Calcula todos los productos posibles entre las matrices :

1 2 3 1
2 1 0
𝐴 = (1 1 1 ) 𝐵 = (2) 𝐶=( )
3 4 5
0 2 −1 1

Ademas , calcula 𝐴2 𝑦 𝐴3 .

1 2 3 1 1+4+3 8
➢ 𝐴3𝑋3 . 𝐵3𝑋1 = (1 1 1 ) . (2) = (1 + 2 + 1) = (4)
0 2 −1 1 0+4−1 3

1 2 3
2+1 4+1 6+1
➢ 𝐶2𝑋3 . 𝐴3𝑋3 = (2 1 0) . (1 1 1 )=( )=(
3 5 7
)
3 4 5 3+4 6 + 4 + 10 9+4−5 7 20 8
0 2 −1

1
➢ 𝐶2𝑋3 . 𝐵3𝑋1 = (2 1 0) . (2) = (2 + 2 + 0) = ( 4 )
3 4 5 3+8+5 16
1

1 2 3 1 2 3 1+2 2+2+6 3+2−3 3 10 2

➢ 𝐴2 = (1 1 1 ) . (1 1 1 ) = (1 + 1 2+1+2 3 + 1 − 1 ) = (2 5 3)
0 2 −1 0 2 −1 2 2−2 2+1 2 0 3

3 10 2 1 2 3 3 + 10 6 + 10 + 4 4 + 10 − 2 13 20 17
➢ 𝐴3 = (2 5 3 ) . (1 1 1 )= ( 2+5 4+5+6 6 + 5 − 3 ) = ( 7 15 8 )
2 0 3 0 2 −1 2 4+6 6−3 2 10 3
2. Para las matrices
2 3 0 1 2
1 −1 2 0 3 4
𝐴=( ) 𝐵=( ) 𝐶 = (−5 1 4 −2) 𝐷 = (1)
4 0 −3 −1 −2 3
1 0 0 −3 3
Calcula :
A+B , 3A-4B , A.B , A.D , B.C , C.D , At.C , Dt.At , Bt.A , Dt.D , D.Dt

1 −1 2 0 3 4 1 2 6
➢ 𝐴2𝑋3 + 𝐵2𝑋3 = ( )+( )=( )
4 0 −3 −1 −2 3 3 −2 0
1 −1 2 0 3 4 3 −15 −10
➢ 3𝐴2𝑋3 − 4𝐵2𝑋3 = 3 ( )− 4( )=( )
4 0 −3 −1 −2 3 16 8 −21

➢ 𝐴2𝑋3 . 𝐵2𝑋3 = 𝑛𝑜 𝑠𝑒 𝑝𝑢𝑒𝑑𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 .

2
1 −1 2 2−1+6 7
➢ 𝐴2𝑋3 . 𝐷3𝑋1 = ( ) . ( 1) = ( )=( )
4 0 −3 8−9 −1
3

➢ 𝐵2𝑋3 . 𝐶3𝑋4 =
2 3 0 1
0 3 4 −15 + 4 3 12 −6 − 12
( ) . (−5 1 4 −2) ( )=
−1 −2 3 −2 + 10 + 3 −3 − 2 −8 −1 + 4 − 9
1 0 0 −3
−11 3 12 −18
( )
11 −5 −8 −6

➢ 𝐶3𝑋4. . 𝐷3𝑋1 = 𝑛𝑜 𝑠𝑒 𝑝𝑢𝑒𝑑𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 .

➢ 𝐴𝑡3𝑥2 . 𝐶3𝑋4 = 𝑛𝑜 𝑠𝑒 𝑝𝑢𝑒𝑑𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛

1 4
𝑡
➢ 𝐷1𝑋3 . 𝐴𝑡3𝑋2 = (2 1 3). (−1 0 ) = (2 − 1 + 6 8 − 9) = (7 −1)
2 −3

0 −1 −4 0 3 −4 0 3
𝑡 1 −1 2
➢ 𝐵3𝑥2 . 𝐴2𝑋3 = (3 −2) . ( )=(3−8 −3 6 + 6) = (−5 −3 12 )
4 0 −3
4 3 4 + 12 −4 8−9 16 −4 −1

2
𝑡
➢ 𝐷1𝑋3 . 𝐷3𝑋1 = (2 1 3). (1) = (4 + 1 + 9) = (14)
3

2 4 2 6
𝑡
➢ 𝐷3𝑋1 . 𝐷3𝑋1 = (1) . (2 1 3) = (2 1 3)
3 6 3 9
3. Obtener el determinante de las siguientes matrices:

7 9 −5
3 1 9 1 9 3
1) | 9 3 1 | = 7| | − 9| | −5| |
−8 10 −8 10 −8 −8
−8 −8 10

7(30 + 8) − 9(90 + 8) − 5(−72 + 24)

266 − 882 + 240 = −376

1 0 3
1 4 0 1
2) |0 1 4| = | | + 3| | = −4 − 6 = −10
1 0 2 1
2 1 0

−1 1 0
1 4 2 4
3) | 2 1 4| = − | |−| | = 14 − 8 = 6
5 6 1 6
1 5 6

10 10 −8
10 −8 10 10
4) |−7 0 −2| = 7 | | + 2| | = 966 − 80 = 886
6 9 10 6
10 6 9

3 −1 4
−1 4 3 4 3 −1
5) |6 3 5| = 2 | |+| | + 6| | = −34 − 9 + 90 = 47
3 5 6 5 6 3
2 −1 6

−1 0 6
2 4 0 6
6) | 0 2 4 | = −| |+| | = −|−14| + |−12| = 2
2 −3 2 4
1 2 −3

6 −10 4
10 7 6 −10 6 −10
7) |10 7 5| = 4 | | − 5| | +5| | = 276 − 420 + 710 = 566
3 9 3 9 10 7
3 9 5

−2 3 1
6 5 3 1
8) | 4 6 5| = −2 | |− 4| |=8−4=4
2 1 1 1
0 2 1

5 −2 1
−2 1 5 −2
9) | 6 0 3| = −6 | |− 3| | = 54 − 3 = 51
1 4 −2 1
−2 1 4

−2 −10 7 0
−2 −10 7
0 −5 4 −1
10) | | = 6| 0 −5 4| = 6(−80) = −480
0 −10 0 0
0 −10 0
0 0 0 6
 2 0 3 1
1 4 2 0 3 1
0 1 4 2
11) | | = 2 |0 1 5| − |1 4 2| = 2(21) − (−14) = 56
0 0 1 5
2 3 0 0 1 5
1 2 3 0

−3 0 0 0
−3 0 0
−4 7 0 0
12) | | = 6 |−4 7 0 | = 6(21) = 126
5 8 −1 0
5 8 −1
2 3 0 6

−8 8 −5 0 0
−6 8 −5 0
0 0 0 0 −3 240
−5 0 −5 −6
13) ||−5 0 −5 −6 0 || = 3 | | = 3(80) =
0 −8 0 0
0 −8 0 0 2
0 7 0 2
0 7 0 2 1

−6 8 −5 0
−6 −5 0
−5 0 −5 −6
| | = 8 |−5 −5 −6| =8(10) =80
0 −8 0 0
0 0 2
0 7 0 2

−6 −5 0
−6 −5
|−5 −5 −6| = 2 | | = 10
−5 −5
0 0 2

2 3 −1 4 5
1 7 8 2
0 1 7 8 2
0 4 −1 5
14) ||0 0 4 −1 5|| = 2 | | = 2(−48) = −96
0 0 −2 8
0 0 0 −2 8
0 0 0 6
0 0 0 0 6

1 7 8 2
4 −1 5
0 4 −1 5 −2 8
| | = |0 −2 8| = 4 | | = −48
0 0 −2 8 0 6
0 0 6
0 0 0 6

0 0 0 0 0
0 7 0 0 0
15) |−9 1 0 0 0 || = 0
|
−6 0 0 −2 −7
9 −9 0 −5 0
Si una matriz tiene una fila o una columna llena de 0, su determinante es igual a 0.
 −8 0 0 −10 0
0 −8 0 −7 1
16) |0 9 −3 0 −4 |
| |
−5 0 7 5 5
−2 0 −10 3 −7
−8 0 −10 0 −8 0 −10 0
0 −3 0 −4 0 0 −7 1
−8 | | − 9| | = −8(2282) − 9(−1264)= -6880
−5 7 5 5 −5 7 5 5
−2 −10 3 −7 −2 −10 3 −7

−8 0 −10 0
−8 −10 0 −8 0 −10
0 −3 0 −4
| | = −3 |−5 5 5 | − 4 |−5 7 5 |
−5 7 5 5
−2 3 −7 −2 −10 3
−2 −10 3 −7
−8 −10 0 −8 0 −10
−5 5 5 −5 7 5

−3[280 + 100 − (−120 − 350)] − 4[−168 − 500 − (140 + 400)]

−3[380 + 470] − 4[−668 − 540] = 2282

−8 0 −10 0
−8 0 0 −8 0 −10
0 0 −7 1
| | = 7 |−5 7 5 | + |−5 7 5 |
−5 7 5 5
−2 −10 −7 −2 −10 3
−2 −10 3 −7
−8 0 0 −8 0 −10
−5 7 5 −5 7 5
7(392 − 400) + [−168 − 500 − (140 + 400)]

−56 − 1208 = −1264

 DEBER 2 MATRIZ INVERSA

35 4 3 1 1
𝟏 −𝟐 𝟒 −𝟏 − −2 −
3 3
𝟑 𝟏 𝟎 −𝟏 8 8 4
1. | 𝟓 −𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟕 | = ( −3 0 −1) 1 3 3
5 1 2. |𝟏 −𝟏 𝟐| = − −
−𝟑 𝟓 −𝟏𝟐 − 0 8 8 4
3 3 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 1 1 1
−
( 4 4 2 )
1 −2 4 1 0 0 −5𝑓 + 𝑓
1 2
(5 −10 17 |0 1 0) 1 1 01 0 0 1
3𝑓1 + 𝑓3
−3 5 −12 0 0 1 (1 −1 2| 0 1 0) 𝑓3
3
1 1 10 0 1
1 −2 4 1 0 0
(0 0 −3|−5 1 0) 𝑓3 ↔ 𝑓2 1 1
1 0 0 0 𝑓 −𝑓
0 −1 0 3 0 1 ( 3 |3 ) 1 2
1 −1 20 1 0 𝑓1 − 𝑓3
1 −2 4 1 0 0 1 1 10 0 1
(0 −1 0|3 0 1) − 1𝑓2
0 0 −3 −5 1 0 1 1
1 0 0 0
3 3
4 |1 3
1 0 4 −5 0 −2 1
3
−2
|3
−1 0 𝑓
4 2
(0 1 0|−3 0 −1) − 4𝑓 + 𝑓
3 1 2 1
5 1 (1 − −1 0 −1)
0 0 1 3 − 0 3 3
3

1 0 4 −5 0 −2 1 1 1
1 0 0 0 1
(0 1 0 |−3 0 −1) − 𝑓3 3 3 − 𝑓2 + 𝑓1
3 3| 1 3 3
0 0 −3 −5 1 0 0 1 − − 0
2| 4 4 2
2 1 𝑓2 + 𝑓3
1 −2 4 1 0 0 −1) 3
(0 1 (0 −
3
−1
3
0
0 |−3 0 −1) 2𝑓2 + 𝑓1
0 0 −3 −5 1 0
1 1
1 − 0
35 4 1 0 4 4
2 | 1 3 1
1 0 1− 3 3
−2 3 − 0 − 𝑓3
0 1 0|| −3 0 −1 0 1 − | 4 4 2
2 1 1
0 0 1 5 −
1
0) (0 0 −2
2
−
2
−1)
( 3 3
1 1
1 0
1 − 0 1
4 4
2 1 3 − 𝑓3 + 𝑓1
3| − 0 3
0 1 − | 4 4 3
2 𝑓 + 𝑓2
1 1 2 3
0 0 − − −1
( 2 2 )

3 1 1
−
1 0 0 8 8 4
| 1 3 3
0 1 0− −
| 8 8 4
0 0 1 1 1 1
( −
4 4 2 )
 𝟐 𝟑 𝟏 𝟐 −𝟏
−𝟏 𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 𝟑
𝟏 −𝟐 𝟏 𝟑 −12 2 −1 5 4. | |
−𝟐 𝟓 −𝟐 −𝟓 −2 1 0 1 𝟑 −𝟏 𝟒 𝟓
3. | | =( ) −𝟏 𝟐 −𝟏 𝟒
𝟑 −𝟔 𝟒 𝟗 −3 0 1 0
𝟒 −𝟖 𝟒 𝟏𝟏 4 0 0 −1
|𝐴| = 0 → 𝐴−1 = ∅
1 −2 1 3 1 0 0 0 2𝑓 + 𝑓
2 3
−2 5 −2 −5 0 1 0 0
( | ) −3𝑓1 + 𝑓3
3 −6 4 9 0 0 1 0
−4𝑓1 + 𝑓4 2 3 1 2 1 0 0 0
4 −8 4 11 0 0 0 1
1 2 3 30 1 0 0
( | ) 𝑓 ↔ 𝑓1
1 −2 1 3 1 0 0 0 3 −1 4 50 0 1 0 2
0 1 0 1 2 1 0 0 −1 2 −1 4 0 0 0 1
( | ) 2𝑓2 + 𝑓1
0 0 1 0 −3 0 1 0
1 2 3 3 0 1 0 0 −2𝑓 + 𝑓
0 0 0 −1 −4 0 0 1 1 2
2 3 1 21 0 0 0
( | ) −3𝑓1 + 𝑓3
1 0 1 5 5 3 −1 4 50 0 1 0
2 0 0 𝑓1 + 𝑓4
0 1 0 1 2 1 0 0 −1 2 −1 4 0 0 0 1
( | ) 𝑓 − 𝑓1
0 0 1 0 −3 0 1 0 3
1 2 3 3 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 −1 −4 0 0 1 1
0 −7 −5 −4 1 −2 0 0
( | ) − 𝑓2
0 −7 −5 −4 0 −3 1 0 7
−1 0 0 −5 −8 −2 1 0
0 1 0 1 2 1 0 0 −5𝑓4 + 𝑓1 0 4 2 7 0 1 0 1
( | )
0 0 1 0 −3 0 1 0 𝑓4 + 𝑓1
0 0 0 −1 −4 0 0 1 1 2 3 3 0 1 0 0
5 4 1 2 −2𝑓2 + 𝑓1
0 1 − 0 0 7𝑓 + 𝑓
−1 0 0 0 12 −2 1 −5 7 7 || 7 7 2 3
0 −7 −5 −4 0 −3 1 0 −4𝑓2 + 𝑓4
0 1 0 0 −2 1 0 1 −1𝑓1 0
( | ) ( 4 2 7 0 1 0 1)
0 0 1 0 −3 0 1 0 −1𝑓4
0 0 0 −1 −4 0 0 1
1 11 13 2 3
0 0 0
7 7 7 7
1 0 0 0 −12 2 −1 5 5 4| 1
0 1 0 0 −2 1 0 1 2
1
( | ) 0 7 7 −7 7
0 0 𝑓 ↔𝑓
4 3
0 0 1 0 −3 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 | −1 −1 1 0
0 0 0 1 4 0 0 −1 0 6 33 4 1
( 0 − − 0 1)
7 7 7 7

1 11 13 2 3
0 0 0
7 7 7 7
5 4| 1 2
1
0 7 7 −7 7
0 0 𝑁𝑜 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒
0 6 33| 4 1
0 − − 0 1
0 7 7 7 7
( 0 0 0 −1 −1 1 0)
 −𝟏
−𝟏 𝟐 −𝟏 𝟏 13 2 −3 1 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟐 −𝟑 −𝟏 13 −7 −2 −17
𝟑 −𝟓 𝟑 −𝟑 3 1 0 0 𝟐 −𝟐 𝟏 −𝟏 7 −4 −1 −9
5. | | =( ) 6. | | :( )
−𝟐 𝟒 −𝟑 𝟐 2 0 −1 0 −𝟏 𝟗 𝟏 𝟏 −31 18 5 40
𝟐 −𝟒 −𝟐 −𝟏 10 0 −4 1 𝟎 −𝟏 𝟏 −𝟐 −19 11 3 24
−1 2 −1 1 1 0 0 0 1 −1 2 −3 1 0 0 0
3 −5 3 −3 0 1 0 0 2 −2 1 −1 0 1 0 0 −2𝑓1 + 𝑓2
( | ) − 1𝐹1 ( | )
−2 4 −3 2 0 0 1 0
−1 9 1 1 0 0 1 0 𝑓1 + 𝑓3
2 −4 −2 −1 0 0 0 1
0 −1 1 −2 0 0 0 1
1 −2 1 −1 −1 0 0 0 −3𝑓 + 𝑓
3 −5 3 −3 0 1 0 0 1 2 1 −1 2 −3 1 0 0 0
( | ) 2𝑓1 + 𝑓3 0 0 −3 5 −2 1 0 0 −1𝑓2
−2 4 −3 2 0 0 1 0 ( | )
−2𝑓1 + 𝑓4 0 8 3 −2 1 0 1 0 𝑓2 ↔ 𝑓4
2 −4 −2 −1 0 0 0 1
0 −1 1 −2 0 0 0 1
1 −2 1 −1 −1 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 3 1 0 0 1 −1 2 −3 1 0 0 0
( | ) 2𝑓2 + 𝑓1
0 0 −1 0 −2 0 1 0 0 1 −1 2 0 0 0 −1 𝑓 + 𝑓1
0 0 −4 1 2 0 0 1 ( | ) 2
0 8 3 −2 1 0 1 0 −8𝑓2 + 𝑓3
0 0 −3 5 −2 1 0 0
1 0 1 −1 5 2 0 0
0 1 0 0 3 1 0 0
( | ) − 1𝑓3 1 0 1 −1 1 0 0 −1
0 0 −1 0 −2 0 1 0
0 1 −1 2 0 0 0 −1 1
0 0 −4 1 2 0 0 1 ( | ) 𝑓
0 0 11 −18 1 0 1 8 11 3
1 0 1 −1 5 2 0 0 0 0 −3 5 −2 1 0 0
0 1 0 03 1 0 0 𝑓3 − 𝑓1
( | ) 1 0 1 −1 1 0 0 −1
0 0 1 02 0 −1 0 4𝑓3 + 𝑓4
0 0 −4 1 2 0 0 1 0 1 −1 2 0 0 0 −1 𝑓3 − 𝑓1
18| 1 1 8 𝑓3 + 𝑓2
0 0 1 − 0
−1 0 0 1 −3 −2 −1 0 11 11 11 11 3𝑓3 + 𝑓4
0 1 0 0 3 1 0 0 (0 0 −3 5 −2 1 0 0)
( | ) 𝑓4 − 𝑓1
0 0 1 0 2 0 −1 0
0 0 0 1 10 0 −4 1 7 10 1 19
−1 0 0 − − 0
11 11 11 11
1 0 0 1 13 2 −3 1 4 | 1 1 3
1 0 0 −
(
0 1 0 0 3
|
1 0 0
) 0 11 11 11 11 11𝑓
18 1 3
0 0 1 0 2 0 −1 0
0 1 8
0 1 − 0
0 0 0 1 10 0 −4 1 11| 11 11 11
0 1 19 3 24
0 0
( 11 − 11 1
11 11 )

7 10 1 19 7
−1 0 0 − − 0 𝑓 + 𝑓1
11 11 11 11 11 4
4 | 1 1 3 4
0 1 0 0 −
11 11 11 11 − 𝑓4 + 𝑓2
0 18| 1 1 8 11
0 1 − 0 18
0 11 11 11 11 𝑓4 + 𝑓3
( 0 0 1 −19 11 3 24 ) 11

−1 0 0 0 −13 7 2 17
0 1 0 0 7 −4 −1 −9
( | ) − 1𝑓1
0 0 1 0 −31 18 5 40
0 0 0 1 −19 11 3 24

1 0 0 0 13 −7 −2 −17
0 1 0 0 7 −4 −1 −9
( | )
0 0 1 0 −31 18 5 40
0 0 0 1 −19 11 3 24
 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟐 −𝟑 −𝟏 −21 27 −2 17
𝟐 −𝟐 𝟏 −𝟏 11 −14 1 −9
7. | | =( )
−𝟏 −𝟐𝟓 𝟏 𝟏 159 −202 15 −130
−𝟐 −𝟏 𝟏 −𝟐 95 −121 9 −78

1 −1 2 −3 1 0 0 0 −2𝑓 + 𝑓
1 2
2 −2 1 −1 0 1 0 0
( | ) 𝑓1 + 𝑓3
−1 −25 1 1 0 0 1 0
2𝑓1 + 𝑓4
−2 −1 1 −2 0 0 0 1

1 −1 2 −3 1 0 0 0 1
0 0 −3 5 −2 1 0 0 − 𝑓3
( | ) 26
0 −26 3 −2 1 0 1 0
𝑓 ↔ 𝑓2
0 −3 5 −8 2 0 0 1 3

1 −1 2 −3 1 0 0 0
3 1 1 1
0 0 −
26 13 ||− 26 0 − 0 𝑓2 + 𝑓1
26
0 0 −3 5 −2 1 0 0 3𝑓2 + 𝑓4
0 −3 5 −8 2 0 0 1)
(

49 38 25 1
1 0 − 0 − 0
26 13 26 26
3 1 | 1 1
0 0 −
26 13 − 26 0 − 0 − 1𝑓
26
0 0 −3 5 | −2 1 0 0 3 3
0 121 101 49 3
( 0 − 0 − 1)
26 13 26 26

49 38 25 1
1 0 − 0 − 0 49
26 13 26 26 − 𝑓 + 𝑓1
3 1 | 1 1 26 3
0 −
0 26 13 − 26 0 −
26
0 3
𝑓 + 𝑓2
0 0 1 −
5 2
−
1
0 0 26 3
3 | 3 3 121
0 121 101 49 3 − 𝑓3 + 𝑓4
( 0
26
−
13 26 0 − 1) 26
26

17 23 49 1
1 0 0 − − 0
78 78 78 26
3| 1 1 1
0 0 − − − 0
0 26 26 26 26 − 78𝑓4
5 2 1
0 0 1 − − 0 0
3| 3 3
0 1 95 121 3
0 0 − − 1)
( 78 − 78 78 26

17 23 49 1 17
1 0 0 − − 0 −
𝑓 + 𝑓1
78 78 78 26 78 4
3| 1 1 1 3
0 0 0 − − − 0
26 26 26 26 𝑓 + 𝑓2
0 5| 2 1 26 4
0 1 − − 0 0 5
0 3 3 3 𝑓 + 𝑓3
( 0 0 1 95 −121 9 −78 ) 3 4

1 0 0 0 −21 27 −2 17
0 1 0 0 11 −14 1 −9
( | )
0 0 1 0 159 −202 15 −130
0 0 0 1 95 −121 9 −78
 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟑 −𝟏 −38 5 2 3
1
𝟐 𝟔 𝟏 𝟔 4 −1 − 0
8. | | = 2
𝟒 𝟐 𝟔 𝟏𝟐 10 −3 −1 0
𝟕 𝟏𝟒 𝟕 𝟐𝟎 ( 7 0 0 −1)
1 2 1 3 1 0 0 0 −2𝑓 + 𝑓
1 2
2 6 1 6 0 1 0 0
( | ) −4𝑓1 + 𝑓3
4 2 6 12 0 0 1 0
−7𝑓1 + 𝑓4
7 14 7 20 0 0 0 1

1 2 1 3 1 0 0 0
0 2 −1 0 −2 1 0 0 1
( | ) 𝑓
0 −6 2 0 −4 0 1 0 2 1
0 0 0 −1 −7 0 0 1

1 2
1 3 1 0 0 0
1 1
0 1 − 0 |−1 0 0 −2𝑓2 + 𝑓1
2 | 2
0 −6 2 0 −4 0 1 0 6𝑓2 + 𝑓3
0 0 0 −1 −7 0 0 1)
(

1 0
2 3 3 −1 0 0
0 1 −1 1
1 − 0| 0 0 − 1𝑓
2 |−10 2 3
0 0 −1 0 3 1 0
0 0 0 −1 −7 0 0 1)
(

1 0 2 3 3 −1 0 0
0 0 −2𝑓3 + 𝑓1
1 1
0 1 − 0 −1
2 | 2 1
0 0 1 0 10 −3 −1 0 2 𝑓3 + 𝑓2
(0 0 0 −1 −7 0 0 1)

1 0 0 3 −17 5 2 0
0 1 0 0| 4 1
−1 − 0 − 1𝑓
| 2 4
0 0 1 0 10 −3 −1 0
0 0 0 −1 −7 0 0 1)
(

1 −17 5 2 0
0 0 3
0 1 0 0| 4 1
−1 − 0 −3𝑓 + 𝑓
| 2 4 1
0 0 1 0 10 −3 −1 0
0 0 0 1 7 0 0 −1)
(

1 −38 5 2 3
0 0 0
0 1 0 0| 4 1
−1 − 0
2
0 0 1 0| 10 −3 −1 0
0 0 0 1 7 0 0 −1)
(
 −𝟏 𝟏𝟑 𝟐 𝟏 𝟗
− −
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟓 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟓 𝟓 𝟓 𝟓
𝟏 𝟏 𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 𝟑 𝟐 𝟗 − −
9. 𝑨=| | 10. |𝟏 𝟐 −𝟏 𝟑| = 𝟓 𝟓 𝟓 𝟓
𝟏 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 −
𝟑
−
𝟐 𝟏 𝟏𝟐
𝟓 𝟓 𝟓 𝟏𝟓
𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟔 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐 𝟔 𝟏 𝟐 𝟑
(− 𝟓 𝟓 𝟓 𝟓 )
|𝐴| = 0 → 𝐴 −1
=∅
1 1 1 11 0 0 0 𝑓 −𝑓
1 2
1 1 1 5 1 0 0 0 𝑓 −𝑓 1 2 −1 30 1 0 0 𝑓 −𝑓
( | ) 1 3
1 3 2 90 1 0 0 1 2 1 −1 2 10 0 1 0
( | ) 𝑓1 − 𝑓3 𝑓1 − 𝑓4
1 1 −1 1 0 0 1 0 1 2 1 20 0 0 1
𝑓 − 𝑓4
1 2 1 60 0 0 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 𝑓2 + 𝑓1
1 −1 1 5 1 0 0 0 0 −1 2 −2 1 −1 0 0
( | ) 2𝑓2 + 𝑓3
0 −2 −1 −4 1 −1 0 0 0 2 −1 0 1 0 −1 0
( | ) 𝑓4 ↔ 𝑓2 −1𝑓2 + 𝑓4
0 0 2 4 0 0 −1 0 0 −1 0 −1 1 0 0 −1
0 −1 0 −1 1 0 0 −1
1 0 3 −1 2 −1 0 0
1 1 1 5 1 0 0 0 0 −1 2 −2 1 −1 0 0 1
𝑓 + 𝑓1 ( | ) 𝑓
(
0 −1 0 −1 1
|
0 0 −1
) 2 0 0 3 −4 3 −2 −1 0 3 3
0 0 2 4 0 0 −1 0 −2𝑓2 + 𝑓4 0 0 −2 1 0 1 0 −1
0 −2 −1 −4 1 −1 0 0
1 0 3 −1 2 −1 0 0
1 0 1 4 2 0 0 −1 0 −1 2 −2 1 −1 0 0 −3𝑓3 − 𝑓1
(
0 −1 0 −1 1
|
0 0 −1
) 𝑓4 4|| 2 1 −2𝑓3 − 𝑓2
0 0 −1 4 0 0 −1 0 0 0 1 − 1 − − 0
3 3 3 2𝑓3 − 𝑓4
0 0 2 −2 −1 −1 0 2 (0 0 −2 1 0 1 0 −1)
↔ 𝑓3
1 0 0 3 −1 1 1 0
2 1 2
1 0 1 4 2 0 0 −1 0 −1 0 −1 0
3 | 3 3 3
0 −1 0 −1 1 0 0 −1 𝑓3 + 𝑓1 4 2 1 − 𝑓4
( | ) 0 0 1 − 1 − − 0 5
0 0 −1 −2 −1 −1 0 2 2𝑓3 + 𝑓4 3| 3 3
0 0 2 4 0 0 −1 0 5 1 2
(0 0 0 − 2 − 3 − 3 −1)
3
1 0 0 2 1 −1 0 1
−1 1 1 0
0 −1 0 −1 1 0 0 −1 1 0 0 3 1 2 4
( | ) 2 | −1 0 𝑓 + 𝑓3
0 0 −1 −2 −1 −1 0 2 0 −1 0 3 3 3 4
0 0 0 0 −2 −2 −1 4 3 2 1 2
4 1 − − 0 − 𝑓4 + 𝑓2
0 0 1 − | 3 3 3
3 6 1 2 3 −3𝑓4 + 𝑓1
(0 0 0 1 −
5 5 5 5)

13 2 1 9
− −
5 5 5 5
1 0 0 0| 1 1 2 2
0 −1 0 0 −5 5 5
−
5 − 1𝑓
2
0 0 1 0 3 2 1 12
− −
0 0 0 1| 5 5 5 15
6 1 2 3
( −
5 5 5 5 )

13 2 1 9
− −
5 5 5 5
1 0 0 0| 1 1 2 2
0 1 0 0 5 − −
5 5 5
0 0 1 0 3 2 1 12
− −
0 0 0 1| 5 5 5 15
6 1 2 3
( −
5 5 5 5 )
 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 𝟒 −𝟏 −14 1 −2 3 0
𝟐 −𝟏 𝟒 𝟔 𝟖 −2 1 0 0 0
11. ||−𝟐 𝟐 −𝟑 −𝟔 −𝟖|| = 2 0 1 0 0
𝟑 −𝟑 𝟔 𝟖 𝟏𝟐 −3 0 0 1 0
𝟓 −𝟓 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟗 ( −5 0 0 0 1)

1 −1 2 3 4 1 0 0 0 0 −2𝑓 + 𝑓
1 2
2 −1 4 6 8 0 1 0 0 0 2𝑓 + 𝑓
−8||0
1 3
−2 2 −3 −6 0 1 0 0
−3𝑓1 + 𝑓4
3 −3 6 8 12 0 0 0 1 0
−5𝑓1 + 𝑓5
(5 −5 10 15 19 0 0 0 0 1)

1 −1 2 3 4 1 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 −2 1 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 || 2 0 1 0 0 𝑓2 + 𝑓1
0 0 0 −1 0 −3 0 0 1 0
(0 0 0 0 −1 −5 0 0 0 1)

1 0 2 3 4 −1 1 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 −2 1 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 || 2 0 1 0 0 − 2𝑓3 + 𝑓1
0 0 0 −1 0 −3 0 0 1 0
(0 0 0 0 −1 −5 0 0 0 1)

1 0 0 3 4 −5 1 −2 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 −2 1 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 || 2 0 1 0 0 3𝑓4 + 𝑓1
0 0 0 −1 0 −3 0 0 1 0
(0 0 0 0 −1 −5 0 0 0 1)

1 0 0 0 4 −14 1 −2 3 0
0 1 0 0 0 −2 1 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 || 2 0 1 0 0 4𝑓5 + 𝑓1
0 0 0 −1 0 −3 0 0 1 0
(0 0 0 0 −1 −5 0 0 0 1)

1 0 0 0 0 −34 1 −2 3 4
0 1 0 0 0 −2 1 0 0 0 −1𝑓
0 || 2
4
0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
−1𝑓5
0 0 0 −1 0 −3 0 0 1 0
(0 0 0 0 −1 −5 0 0 0 1)

1 0 0 0 0 −34 1 −2 3 4
0 1 0 0 0 −2 1 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0|| 2 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 1 0 3 0 0 −1 0
(0 0 0 0 1 5 0 0 0 −1)
 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 𝟒 −𝟏 −14 1 −2 3 0
𝟐 −𝟏 𝟒 𝟔 𝟖 −2 1 0 0 0
12. ||−𝟐 𝟐 −𝟑 −𝟔 −𝟖|| = 2 0 1 0 0
𝟑 −𝟑 𝟔 𝟖 𝟏𝟐 −3 0 0 1 0
𝟓 −𝟓 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟗 ( −5 0 0 0 1)

1 −1 2 3 4 1 0 0 0 0 −2𝑓 + 𝑓
1 2
2 −1 4 6 8 0 1 0 0 0 2𝑓 + 𝑓
−8||0
1 3
−2 2 −3 −6 0 1 0 0
−3𝑓1 + 𝑓4
3 −3 6 8 12 0 0 0 1 0
−5𝑓1 + 𝑓5
(5 −5 10 15 19 0 0 0 0 1)

1 −1 2 3 4 1 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 −2 1 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 || 2 0 1 0 0 𝑓2 + 𝑓1
0 0 0 −1 0 −3 0 0 1 0
(0 0 0 0 −1 −5 0 0 0 1)

1 0 2 3 4 −1 1 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 −2 1 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 || 2 0 1 0 0 − 2𝑓3 + 𝑓1
0 0 0 −1 0 −3 0 0 1 0
(0 0 0 0 −1 −5 0 0 0 1)

1 0 0 3 4 −5 1 −2 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 −2 1 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 || 2 0 1 0 0 3𝑓4 + 𝑓1
0 0 0 −1 0 −3 0 0 1 0
(0 0 0 0 −1 −5 0 0 0 1)

1 0 0 0 4 −14 1 −2 3 0
0 1 0 0 0 −2 1 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 || 2 0 1 0 0 4𝑓5 + 𝑓1
0 0 0 −1 0 −3 0 0 1 0
(0 0 0 0 −1 −5 0 0 0 1)

1 0 0 0 0 −34 1 −2 3 4
0 1 0 0 0 −2 1 0 0 0 −1𝑓
0 || 2
4
0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
−1𝑓5
0 0 0 −1 0 −3 0 0 1 0
(0 0 0 0 −1 −5 0 0 0 1)

1 0 0 0 0 −34 1 −2 3 4
0 1 0 0 0 −2 1 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0|| 2 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 1 0 3 0 0 −1 0
(0 0 0 0 1 5 0 0 0 −1)
 1
𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎𝟎 −𝟏𝟎 0 0 1 0 −1
2
𝟐 𝟎 −𝟐 𝟎𝟎 𝟎 1 0 0 0 0 0
|𝟎 𝟑 𝟎 𝟎|
−𝟏 𝟎
13. = 0 0 0 1 0 −1
|𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎𝟎| 𝟐 3 0 −1 0 0 0
𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 −𝟑
𝟎 𝟎 1
0 0 0 0 0
2
𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎𝟏 𝟐 (9 0 −3 0 1 0 )
0 1 0 0 0 01 0 0 0 0 0
2 0 −2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
0 3 0 −1 0 0|0 0 1 0 0 0
𝑓 ↔ 𝑓1
0 0 1 0 2 0| 0 0 0 1 0 0 2
0 0 0 −3 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0
(0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1)
2 0 −2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 01 0 0 0 0 0 1
0 3 0 −1 0 0|0 0 1 0 0 0 𝑓
0 0 1 0 2 0| 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 1
−3𝑓2 + 𝑓3
0 0 0 −3 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0
(0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1)
1 0 −1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
2
0 1 0 0 0 0| 1 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 −1 0 0 −3 0 1 0 0 0
𝑓 ↔ 𝑓4
0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 3
|
0 0 0 −3 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
(0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1)
1 0 −1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
2
0 1 0 0 0 0| 1 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 𝑓3 + 𝑓1
0 0 0 −1 0 0 −3 0 1 0 0 0 −3𝑓4 + 𝑓5
0 0 0 −3 0 1| 0 0 0 0 1 0
(0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1)
1 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 1 0 0
2
0 1 0 0 0 0| 1 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
𝑓 ↔ 𝑓6
0 0 0 −1 0 0 −3 0 1 0 0 0 5
|
0 0 0 0 0 1 9 0 −3 0 1 0
( 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1)
1 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 1 0 0
2
0 1 0 0 0 0| 1 0 0 0 0 0 −1𝑓
4
0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 𝑓 −𝑓
5 3
0 0 0 −1 0 0 −3 0 1 0 0 0
| 𝑓5 − 𝑓1
0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
(0 0 0 0 0 1 9 0 −3 0 1 0)
−1 0 0 0 0 0 0 − 1 0 −1 0 1
2 −1𝑓1
0 1 0 0 0 0| 1 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 −1 0 0 0 0 0 −1𝑓 3
0 −1 0 1
0 0 0 1 0 0 3 0 −1 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 0 2 0| 0 0 𝑓5
0 0 0 1 2
( 0 0 0 0 0 1 9 0 −3 0 1 0)
1
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 −1
0 1 0 0 0 0| 1 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 −1
0 0 0 1 0 0 3 0 −1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 1 0| 0 0 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 0 0 1 2
( 9 0 −3 0 1 0 )